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Education Reform in Japan Tsutomu Kimura National Institution for Academic Degrees and University Evaluation. I. Characteristics of educational system in Japan - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Education Reform in Japan
Tsutomu Kimura National Institution for Academic Degrees and University Evaluation
I. Characteristics of educational system in Japan Highly centralized administrationMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)Prescribes the Courses of Studyfor elementary and secondary schoolsAuthorizes textbooks for elementary and secondary schoolsPays the total cost of textbooks for compulsory education/ of the salaries for public school teachers of compulsory education
Organizes training courses for in-service teachers 10th year training course Renewal of Teachers LicenseSubsidizes the cost of construction of school buildingsRuns 89 state universities
Purposes ~Ensuring the quality of education and efficiency 100% enrollment in elementary and lower secondary schools 98% attendance in upper secondary schools 50% participation in higher education Zero illiteracy ratio Reasonably high international performance
Are we satisfiedNot at allJapanese ChildrenSerious ProblemsHave large amounts of knowledge but lack in Ability to learn and think by themselves and Ability to apply this knowledge Excessive competitions for (universities) entrance examinations Existence of crammies Deterioration of academic performance
Successive incidents of school violenceand bullyingKindness to others, respect of life and human rights are not sufficiently fostered
Necessity of Education Reform Central Council for Education in 1995
Current problems~Japanese Children under stressExcessive competition for examinationUnderdeveloped social side and moral senseDelayed development of independenceProblems concerning health andphysical stamina ~Continuing decline of educational power of families and communities
Basic direction~Should produce creative individuals and provide morediversity and flexibility in our education system
Should give children Room to Grow andZest for Living
II. Performance of Japanese Children 1. Moral side
Refusal to attend School : Number of studentsTotal
L. SecondaryElementary
TotalL. SecondaryElementary
Graph1
126455417266817
137105842172131
147696003974808
157866166377449
165696502281591
194987485394351
2076584701105466
26017101675127692
26047104180130227
26373107913134286
26511112211138722
25869105342131211
24086102126126212
23310100007123317
2270999546122255
Sheet1
199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
12,64513,71014,76915,78616,56919,49820,76526,01726,04726,37326,51125,86924,08623,31022,709
54,17258,42160,03961,66365,02274,85384,701101,675104,180107,913112,211105,342102,126100,00799,546
66,81772,13174,80877,44981,59194,351105,466127,692130,227134,286138,722131,211126,212123,317122,255
Sheet1
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
Sheet2
1982106,0412.3
1983111,5312.4
1984109,1602.2
1985114,8342.2
1986113,9382.2
1987113,3572.1
1988116,6172.1
1989123,0692.2
1990123,5292.2
1991112,9332.1
1992101,1941.9
199394,0651.9
199496,4012.0
199598,1792.1
1996112,1502.5
1997111,4912.6
1998111,3722.6
1999106,5782.5
2000109,1462.6
2001104,8942.6
200289,4612.3
200381,7992.2
200477,8972.1
Sheet2
00
00
00
00
00
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00
00
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&A
Page &P
Sheet3
00
00
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00
00
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00
00
00
00
00
00
00
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00
00
00
00
&A
Page &P
ElementaryLower Second.Number of pupilsRefusal to attend school : Who refuses?
Graph3
1330
2181
3129
4520
6531
8213
22416
36020
44091
Sheet1
1st2nd3rd4th5th6th1st2nd3rd1st2nd3rd
438114326338487854181138115863502130291648
762682846638518241183366
581061605463502346844497
156416501504128512331133
15095161921369311562101069055
25295266142173316294128589462
268282906925862232342080119383
425341843711310325762391
566016009651544427903639631359
1st730
2nd884
3rd1,323
4th1,682
5th2,319
6th2,524
1st8,419
2nd7,243
3rd3,721
1st1,432
2nd668
3rd291
1st1330
2nd2181
3rd3129
4th4520
5th6531
6th8213
1st22416
2nd36020
3rd44091
Sheet1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sheet4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sheet2
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
Sheet3
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
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0
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0
12,64513,71014,76915,78616,56919,49820,76526,01726,047
54,17258,42160,03961,66365,02274,85384,701101,675104,180
66,81772,13174,80877,44981,59194,351105,466127,692130,227
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
57585960616263234567891011
106,041111,513106,160114,834113,938113,357116,617123,069123,529112,933101,19494,06596,40198,179112,150111,491111,372106,578
2.32.42.22.22.22.12.12.22.22.11.91.922.12.52.62.62.5
1060412.3
1115132.4
1061602.2
1148342.2
1139382.2
1133572.1
1166172.1
1230692.2
1235292.2
1129332.1
1011941.9
940651.9
964012
981792.1
1121502.5
1114912.6
1113722.6
1065782.5
&A
Page &P
Dropouts : Upper SecondaryNumber .of studentsPercentagePercentageNumber of Students
Graph2
1060412.3
1115312.4
1091602.2
1148342.2
1139382.2
1133572.1
1166172.1
1230692.2
1235292.2
1129332.1
1011941.9
940651.9
964012
981792.1
1121502.5
1114912.6
1113722.6
1065782.5
1091462.6
1048942.6
894612.3
817992.2
778972.1
766932.1
Sheet1
199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
12,64513,71014,76915,78616,56919,49820,76526,01726,04726,37326,51125,86924,08623,31022,709
54,17258,42160,03961,66365,02274,85384,701101,675104,180107,913112,211105,342102,126100,00799,546
66,81772,13174,80877,44981,59194,351105,466127,692130,227134,286138,722131,211126,212123,317122,255
Sheet1
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
Sheet2
1982106,0412.3
1983111,5312.4
1984109,1602.2
1985114,8342.2
1986113,9382.2
1987113,3572.1
1988116,6172.1
1989123,0692.2
1990123,5292.2
1991112,9332.1
1992101,1941.9
199394,0651.9
199496,4012.0
199598,1792.1
1996112,1502.5
1997111,4912.6
1998111,3722.6
1999106,5782.5
2000109,1462.6
2001104,8942.6
200289,4612.3
200381,7992.2
200477,8972.1
200576,6932.1
Sheet2
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
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00
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&A
Page &P
Sheet3
Bullying : Number of incidentsTotalL .Second
U. Second
Element.TotalL. SecondaryElem.U. Secondary
Graph3
2529526828425356601
2661429069418460096
2173325862371151544
1629423234310342790
1285820801257636396
946219383239131359
911419371232730918
620616635211925037
565914562190622205
650115159207023351
555113915212121671
508712794219120143
Sheet1
199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
25,29526,61421,73316,29412,8589,4629,1146,2065,6596,5015,5515,087
26,82829,06925,86223,23420,80119,38319,37116,63514,56215,15913,91512,794
4,2534,1843,7113,1032,5762,3912,3272,1191,9062,0702,1212,191
56,60160,09651,54442,79036,39631,35930,91825,03722,20523,35121,67120,143
Sheet1
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
Sheet2
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
Sheet3
ElementaryLower SecondaryUpper SecondaryTotal
19971,30418,2094,10823,621
19981,52822,9915,15229,671
19991,50924,2465,30031,055
20001,33127,2935,97134,595
20011,46525,7695,89633,130
20021,25323,1995,00229,454
20031,60024,4635,21531,278
1966148,24911.1
1967129,52310.1
1968117,1259.7
1969107,3129.5
1970113,29510.5
1971107,10710.5
1972100,85110.2
1973108,21111.2
1974115,45312.1
1975116,78212.3
1976115,62812.2
1977119,19912.4
1978146,80114.1
1979143,15814.5
1980166,07317.1
1981184,90218.6
1982191,93018.8
1983196,78318.8
1984192,66517.9
1985194,11717.8
1986185,37316.1
1987187,19215.9
1988193,20616.2
1989165,05313.8
1990154,16813.0
1991149,66312.8
1992133,88211.8
1993133,13212.2
1994131,26812.5
1995126,24912.5
1996133,58113.7
1997152,82516.1
1998157,38516.9
1999141,72115.6
2000132,33614.9
2001138,65416.0
2002141,77516.7
2003144,40417.5
2004134,84716.8
2005123,71515.9
Sheet3
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
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00
00
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00
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00
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00
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00
&A
Page &P
19971933116444
19981953691588
19991614144666
20002054744829
20012124372776
20021843957715
20032534223705
19971091097313
19981031286396
1999901344452
2000881546538
2001981453499
20021091404475
20031241411466
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000
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000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
ElementaryLower Second.Upper Second.Number of pupilsBullying : At which grade?
Graph2
730
884
1323
1682
2319
2524
8419
7243
3721
1432
668
291
Sheet1
1st2nd3rd4th5th6th1st2nd3rd1st2nd3rd
438114326338487854181138115863502130291648
762682846638518241183366
581061605463502346844497
156416501504128512331133
15095161921369311562101069055
25295266142173316294128589462
268282906925862232342080119383
425341843711310325762391
566016009651544427903639631359
1st730
2nd884
3rd1,323
4th1,682
5th2,319
6th2,524
1st8,419
2nd7,243
3rd3,721
1st1,432
2nd668
3rd291
1330
2181
3129
4520
6531
8213
22416
36020
44091
Sheet1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sheet4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sheet2
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
Sheet3
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1330
2181
3129
4520
6531
8213
22416
36020
44091
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12,64513,71014,76915,78616,56919,49820,76526,01726,047
54,17258,42160,03961,66365,02274,85384,701101,675104,180
66,81772,13174,80877,44981,59194,351105,466127,692130,227
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
57585960616263234567891011
106,041111,513106,160114,834113,938113,357116,617123,069123,529112,933101,19494,06596,40198,179112,150111,491111,372106,578
2.32.42.22.22.22.12.12.22.22.11.91.922.12.52.62.62.5
1060412.3
1115132.4
1061602.2
1148342.2
1139382.2
1133572.1
1166172.1
1230692.2
1235292.2
1129332.1
1011941.9
940651.9
964012
981792.1
1121502.5
1114912.6
1113722.6
1065782.5
&A
Page &P
ElementaryUpperSecond.Lower Second.Number of pupilsBullying : Who bullies?
Graph1
43
81
143
263
384
878
5418
11381
15863
5021
3029
1648
Sheet1
1st2nd3rd4th5th6th1st2nd3rd1st2nd3rd
438114326338487854181138115863502130291648
762682846638518241183366
581061605463502346844497
156416501504128512331133
15095161921369311562101069055
25295266142173316294128589462
268282906925862232342080119383
425341843711310325762391
566016009651544427903639631359
730
884
1,323
1,682
2,319
2,524
8,419
7,243
3,721
1,432
668
291
1330
2181
3129
4520
6531
8213
22416
36020
44091
Sheet1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sheet4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sheet2
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
Sheet3
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
730
884
1323
1682
2319
2524
8419
7243
3721
1432
668
291
1330
2181
3129
4520
6531
8213
22416
36020
44091
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12,64513,71014,76915,78616,56919,49820,76526,01726,047
54,17258,42160,03961,66365,02274,85384,701101,675104,180
66,81772,13174,80877,44981,59194,351105,466127,692130,227
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
57585960616263234567891011
106,041111,513106,160114,834113,938113,357116,617123,069123,529112,933101,19494,06596,40198,179112,150111,491111,372106,578
2.32.42.22.22.22.12.12.22.22.11.91.922.12.52.62.62.5
1060412.3
1115132.4
1061602.2
1148342.2
1139382.2
1133572.1
1166172.1
1230692.2
1235292.2
1129332.1
1011941.9
940651.9
964012
981792.1
1121502.5
1114912.6
1113722.6
1065782.5
&A
Page &P
Violence at school : Number of incidentsTotalL. Second
U. SecondElement
L. SecondaryU. SecondaryElementary
Graph1
1933116444
1953691588
1614144666
2054744829
2124372776
1843957715
2534223705
3383774660
4643967601
Sheet1
199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
25,29526,61421,73316,29412,8589,4629,1146,2065,6596,0515,5515,087
26,82829,06925,86223,23420,80119,38319,37116,63514,56215,15913,91512,794
4,2534,1843,7113,1032,5762,3912,3272,1191,9062,0702,1212,191
56,60160,09651,54442,79036,39631,35930,91825,03722,20523,35121,67120,143
Sheet1
Sheet2
Sheet3
ElementaryLower SecondaryUpper SecondaryTotal
19971,30418,2094,10823,621
19981,52822,9915,15229,671
19991,50924,2465,30031,055
20001,33127,2935,97134,595
20011,46525,7695,89633,130
20021,25323,1995,00229,454
20031,60024,4635,21531,278
20041,89023,1105,02230,022
2005
Sheet3
19971933116444
19981953691588
19991614144666
20002054744829
20012124372776
20021843957715
20032534223705
20043383774660
20054643967601
19971091097313
19981031286396
1999901344452
2000881546538
2001981453499
20021091404475
20031241411466
20041631269428
20051751335418
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Violence against teacher : Number of schools involvedL. Second
Element
U. SecondL. SecondaryU. SecondaryElementary
Graph3
1091097313
1031286396
901344452
881546538
981453499
1091404475
1241411466
1631269428
1751335418
Sheet1
199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
25,29526,61421,73316,29412,8589,4629,1146,2065,6596,0515,5515,087
26,82829,06925,86223,23420,80119,38319,37116,63514,56215,15913,91512,794
4,2534,1843,7113,1032,5762,3912,3272,1191,9062,0702,1212,191
56,60160,09651,54442,79036,39631,35930,91825,03722,20523,35121,67120,143
Sheet1
Sheet2
Sheet3
ElementaryLower SecondaryUpper SecondaryTotal
19971,30418,2094,10823,621
19981,52822,9915,15229,671
19991,50924,2465,30031,055
20001,33127,2935,97134,595
20011,46525,7695,89633,130
20021,25323,1995,00229,454
20031,60024,4635,21531,278
20041,89023,1105,02230,022
2005
Sheet3
19971933116444
19981953691588
19991614144666
20002054744829
20012124372776
20021843957715
20032534223705
20043383774660
20054643967601
19971091097313
19981031286396
1999901344452
2000881546538
2001981453499
20021091404475
20031241411466
20041631269428
20051751335418
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Juveniles(14-19) arrested for committing crime
per thousandNumber of casesper 1000Number of juveniles arrested
Graph1
14824911.1
12952310.1
1171259.7
1073129.5
11329510.5
10710710.5
10085110.2
10821111.2
11545312.1
11678212.3
11562812.2
11919912.4
14680114.1
14315814.5
16607317.1
18490218.6
19193018.8
19678318.8
19266517.9
19411717.8
18537316.1
18719215.9
19320616.2
16505313.8
15416813
14966312.8
13388211.8
13313212.2
13126812.5
12624912.5
13358113.7
15282516.1
15738516.9
14172115.6
13233614.9
13865416
14177516.7
14440417.5
13484716.8
12371515.9
Sheet1
1994199519961997199819992000200120022003
25,29526,61421,73316,29412,8589,4629,1146,2065,6596,501
26,82829,06925,86223,23420,80119,38319,37116,63514,56215,159
4,2534,1843,7113,1032,5762,3912,3272,1191,9062,070
56,60160,09651,54442,79036,39631,35930,91825,03722,20523,351
Sheet1
Sheet2
ElementaryLower SecondaryUpper SecondaryTotal
19971,30418,2094,10823,621
19981,52822,9915,15229,671
19991,50924,2465,30031,055
20001,33127,2935,97134,595
20011,46525,7695,89633,130
20021,25323,1995,00229,454
20031,60024,4635,21531,278
1966148,24911.1
1967129,52310.1
1968117,1259.7
1969107,3129.5
1970113,29510.5
1971107,10710.5
1972100,85110.2
1973108,21111.2
1974115,45312.1
1975116,78212.3
1976115,62812.2
1977119,19912.4
1978146,80114.1
1979143,15814.5
1980166,07317.1
1981184,90218.6
1982191,93018.8
1983196,78318.8
1984192,66517.9
1985194,11717.8
1986185,37316.1
1987187,19215.9
1988193,20616.2
1989165,05313.8
1990154,16813.0
1991149,66312.8
1992133,88211.8
1993133,13212.2
1994131,26812.5
1995126,24912.5
1996133,58113.7
1997152,82516.1
1998157,38516.9
1999141,72115.6
2000132,33614.9
2001138,65416.0
2002141,77516.7
2003144,40417.5
2004134,84716.8
2005123,71515.9
Sheet2
Sheet3
&A
Page &P
&A
Page &P
19971933116444
19981953691588
19991614144666
20002054744829
20012124372776
20021843957715
20032534223705
19971091097313
19981031286396
1999901344452
2000881546538
2001981453499
20021091404475
20031241411466
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Social ethics of high school students
Graph1
0.02500.253
0.1160.510.652
0.0120.1960.114
0.0180.1320.105
0.0090.0650.073
0.0160.0810.092
0.1470.1610.847
0.1880.1580.79
China
USA
Japan
Sheet1
13733547349768
12032518281647
11732441283642
9792148314653
29882297309774
101028583921055
113632224521194
118730904981419
123732175721673
129336665901594
128538205971725
147746936931791
146059547752077
186281699182406
198412032812518647
11732832441642
19869793142148653
9883092297774
1988101039228581055
113645232221194
1990118749830901419
123757232171673
1992129359036661594
128559738201725
1994147769346931791
146077559542077
1996186291881692406
Sheet1
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
&A
Page &P
Sheet2
10283462340702
9773081987602
8592411543494
8402181477478
6852621262516
27322661457617
7373391679878
8784061904969
93545018591098
96551520861329
102952023091259
104753523901416
119862729761522
118472135301721
146383846821971
Sheet3
ProstitutionPlaying truantDopingShopliftingRobbing money by injuring peopleRobbing money by threateningRebelling against parentsRebelling against teachers
China2.5%11.6%1.2%1.8%0.9%1.6%14.7%18.8%
USA0.0%51.0%19.6%13.2%6.5%8.1%16.1%15.8%
Japan25.3%65.2%11.4%10.5%7.3%9.2%84.7%79.0%
Sheet3
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
China
USA
Japan
Disciplining by parents
Graph1
0.120.260.390.330.16
0.180.420.30.260.3
0.090.350.570.390.37
0.140.420.490.470.3
Japan
Korea
U.S.A
UK
Germany
Sheet1
JapanKoreaU.S.AUKGermany
Exchange greetings properly12%26%39%33%16%
Don't watch TV too much18%42%30%26%30%
Be friendly with your friends9%35%57%39%37%
Don't tell a lie14%42%49%47%30%
Sheet1
00000
00000
00000
00000
Japan
Korea
U.S.A
UK
Germany
Sheet2
Sheet3
2. Academic side
(1) International Comparison IEA ~ International Association for Evaluation of Educational Achievement To examine to what extent children have mastered courses of study taught at school
PISA(OECD) ~ Programme for International Student Assessment To check childrens ability to find out problems related to their own future life and to apply their knowledge and skills to solve them
Academic Performance of Japanese Children IEA: Mathematics Elementary SchoolJunior High School1964 N.A 2nd/12*1981 N.A 1st/20*1995 3rd/26* 3rd/39*1999 N.A 5th/38*2002 3rd/25* 6th/46*Science Elementary SchoolJunior High School1970 1st/16* 1st/18*1981 1st/19* 2nd/26*1995 2nd/26* 3rd/41*1999 N.A 4th/38* 2002 3rd/25* 5th/46*
Attitudes towards Mathematics and Science(8th grade ~ age 12 to 13) Mathematics Science 1995 1999 1995 1999Favorite subject 53(68) 48(72) 56(73) 55(79) Easy subject --- --- 15(43) --- (least)Enjoy studying 46(65) 38(--) 53(73) 50(--)Wish to engage in 24(46) 18(--) 20(47) 19(--) an occupation using ~ Important for 71(92) 62(--) 48(79) 39(--) daily life Figures are % and figures in ( ) are average
Sheet1
Result of International Comparison by IEA: Math-1999: 14 y.o.
CountryScoreCountryThose who like Math(%)
1Singapore6041Malaysia95
2Korea5872Indonesia92
3Taiwan5853Philippines91
4Hong Kong5824South Africa88
5Japan5795Morocco87
----
----
16Malaysia5199Singapore79
----
----
19USA50216Hong Kong75
----
----
34Indonesia40323USA70
----
36Philippines345--
37Morocco33733Taiwan56
38South Africa275--
35Korea54
36Japan48
Sheet2
Sheet3
Sheet1
Results of International Comparison by IEA: Math-1999
CountryScoreCountryThose who like Math(%)
1Singapore6041Malaysia95
2Korea5872Indonesia92
3Taiwan5853Philippines91
4Hong Kong5824South Africa88
5Japan5795Morocco87
----
----
16Malaysia5199Singapore79
----
----
19USA50216Hong Kong75
----
----
34Indonesia40323USA70
----
36Philippines345--
37Morocco33733Taiwan56
38South Africa275--
35Korea54
36Japan48
Sheet2
Result of International Comparison by IEA: Science-1999: 14 y.o.
CountryScoreCountryThose who like Science(%)
1Taiwan5691Indonesia96
2Singapore5682Malaysia96
3Hungary5523Iran92
4Japan5504Philippines92
5Korea5495Thailand90
----
----
15Hong Kong53010Singapore86
----
18USA510--
--13Hong Kong76
----
22Malaysia49215USA73
----
24Thailand482--
--19Taiwan69
31Iran448--
32Indonesia435--
--22Japan55
36Philippines34523Korea52
Sheet3
PISA : year 2000 and year 2003 Reading comprehension 1st/ Finland 2nd group/ Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Ireland, Korea, Japan(8th) 14thMathematical literacy 1st group/ Japan(1st), Korea, New Zealand 6thScientific literacy 1st group/ Korea, Japan(2nd) 2ndAbility to solve problems 1st group/Korea, Hong Kong, Finland, Japan(4th) Time spent for doing homework and for voluntary study Japan ~ 27th(least), U.K ~ 3rd, U.S.A ~ 17th Korea ~ 20th, Finland ~ 23rd
Comparison: year 2000 vs. year 1993-1994 (2) Nationwide survey: year 1993-1994, 2000 and 2002
Sheet1
Elementary School
Number of problemshighersimilarlower
Japanese5th grade18675
6th grade214107
Social Studies5th grade192512
6th grade2821016
Math5th grade241716
6th grade15159
Science5th grade298813
6th grade3217105
Sheet2
Elementary School
18675
214107
192512
2821016
241716
15159
298813
3217105
Sheet3
Comparison: year 2002 vs. year 2000
Sheet1
Elementary School
Number of problemshighersimilarlower
Japanese5th grade18675
6th grade214107
Social Studies5th grade192512
6th grade2821016
Math5th grade241716
6th grade15159
Science5th grade298813
6th grade3217105
Sheet2
Elementary School
Number of problemshighersimilarlower
Japanese5th grade194132
6th grade20983
Social Studies5th grade191423
6th grade211083
Math5th grade271764
6th grade272043
Science5th grade281396
6th grade3914178
Sheet3
Comparison: year 2000 vs. year 1993-1994
Sheet1
Junior High School
Number of problemshighersimilarlower
7th grade20974
Japanese8th grade221066
9th grade201343
7th grade317816
Social studies8th grade276318
9th grade225710
7th grade160115
Math8th grade190415
9th grade20299
7th grade3761417
Science8th grade69151935
9th grade42161214
7th grade152310
English8th grade19775
9th grade17926
Sheet2
Sheet3
Comparison: year 2002 vs. year 2000
Sheet1
Junior High School
Number of problemshighersimilarlower
7th grade20974
Japanese8th grade221066
9th grade201343
7th grade317816
Social studies8th grade276318
9th grade225710
7th grade160115
Math8th grade190415
9th grade20299
7th grade3761417
Science8th grade69151935
9th grade42161214
7th grade152310
English8th grade19775
9th grade17926
Sheet2
Junior High School
Number of problemshighersimilarlower
7th grade184113
Japanese8th grade221255
9th grade186120
7th grade245910
Social studies8th grade2613103
9th grade2910145
7th grade296158
Math8th grade184113
9th grade238105
7th grade352285
Science8th grade289172
9th grade141112
7th grade251186
English8th grade259106
9th grade2510112
Sheet3
Questionnaire to childrenYear 2000
Sheet1
(
337.941.19.27.24.00.5
343.040.27.35.13.50.9
653.533.55.33.03.21.6
Sheet2
Do you like to study? (unit)
AnswerPositive yesMild yesMild noPositive noDon't knowNo answer
12th grade4.615.429.743.86.00.4
9th grade3.614.232.941.67.00.7
6th grade6.826.933.822.98.80.8
Sheet3
(
345.243.0)39.4(40.2)6.9(7.3)4.5(5.1)3.1(3.5)0.9(0.9)
658.1(53.5)30.9(33.5)4.4(5.3)2.3(3.0)2.2(3.2)2.1(1.6)
Year 2002
Sheet1
Do you like to study? (unit%)
34.1(3.6)18.315.732.6(32.9)40.8(41.6)6.4(7.0)0.3(0.7)
68.5(6.8)31.3(26.9)32.5(33.8)19.7(22.9)7.6(8.8)0.3(0.8)
Sheet2
Do you like to study? (unit%)
AnswerPositive yesMild yesMild noPositive noDon't knowNo answer
9th grade4.13.6)18.3(15.7)32.6(32.9)40.8(41.6)6.4(7.0)0.3(0.7)
6th grade8.5(6.8)31.3(26.9)32.5(33.8)19.7(22.9)7.6(8.8)0.3(0.8)
Figures in parenthesis are for year 2000
Sheet3
Year 2000
Sheet1
Is studying important?(unit%)
AnswerPositive yesMild yesMild noPositive noDon't knowNo answer
12th grade37.941.19.27.24.00.5
9th grade43.040.27.35.13.50.9
6th grade53.533.55.33.03.21.6
Sheet2
Do you like to study? [unit]
AnswerPositive yesMildl yesMild noPositive noDon't knowNo answer
12th grade4.615.429.743.86.00.4
9th grade3.614.232.941.67.00.7
6th grade6.826.933.822.98.80.8
Sheet3
(
345.243.0)39.4(40.2)6.9(7.3)4.5(5.1)3.1(3.5)0.9(0.9)
658.1(53.5)30.9(33.5)4.4(5.3)2.3(3.0)2.2(3.2)2.1(1.6)
Year 2002
Sheet1
Is studying important?(unit%)
AnswerPositive yesMild yesMild noPositive noDon't knowNo answer
12th grade37.941.19.27.24.00.5
9th grade43.040.27.35.13.50.9
6th grade53.533.55.33.03.21.6
Sheet2
Do you like to study? [unit]
AnswerPositive yesMildl yesMild noPositive noDon't knowNo answer
12th grade4.615.429.743.86.00.4
9th grade3.614.232.941.67.00.7
6th grade6.826.933.822.98.80.8
Sheet3
Is studying important?(unit%)
AnswerPositive yesMild yesMild noPositive noDon't knowNo answer
9th grade45.243.0)39.4(40.2)6.9(7.3)4.5(5.1)3.1(3.5)0.9(0.9)
6th grade58.1(53.5)30.9(33.5)4.4(5.3)2.3(3.0)2.2(3.2)2.1(1.6)
Figures in parenthesis are for year 2000
III. Proposals as Central Council for EducationI. Future Model for EducationNurturing Zest for Living to cope with an acutely changing society~Ability to identify problems for oneself, learn by oneself, think for oneself, make independent judgments and actions and solve problems properlyintelligence
~Rich sense of humanity to be capable of self- reliance, cooperation with others, compassion for othersemotion~Health and physical strength to live a vigorous lifehealth
More free time for children~Strict selection of educational contents and thorough mastery of basic essentials
~Implementation of 5-day school week~Relaxation of excessive examination competition
Liaison between schools, families and communities~Opening schools to the outside world~Reducing the role of schools~Strengthening of educational power of families and communities
II. Education suited to Individual Abilities andAptitudes~Breakaway from Uniform EducationImprovement in entrance examinationsDiversified selection proceduresIntroduction of unifying secondary schoolsLower secondary+Upper secondary schools No exam at age 15
What would you like to be in future? Boys 4th grade (9 -10) 6th grade (11-12) 1. Ball player 1. Salaried worker 2. Salaried worker 2. Ball player 3. Cartoonist 3. Teachers 4. Teacher 4. Footballer 5. Carpenter 5. Medical doctor 6. Medical doctor 6. TV personality 7. Policeman 7. Policeman 8. Train driver 8. Carpenter 9. Toyshop owners 9. Bank clerk 10. Airplane pilot 10. Game producer
What would you like to be in future? Girls 4th grade (9 -10) 6th grade (11-12) 1. Teacher 1. Nursery school assistant 2. Nurse 2. Teacher 3. Cartoonist 3. Cartoonist 4. Confectionary owner 4. Nurse 5. TV personality 5. Office worker 6. Nursery school assistant 6. Medical doctor 7. Florist 7. Fashion designer 8. Stewardess 8. Florist 9. Kindergarten teacher 9. TV personality 10. Fashion designer 10. Veterinary surgeon
What would you like to do after graduation?
Graph2
0.040.08
0.040.08
0.270.22
0.120.13
0.110.27
0.410.22
Tokyo univ. and T.I.T
MIT
Sheet1
Time spent with children
(hours)
FatherMother
Japan3.327.44
Korea3.628.40
Thailand6.008.00
USA4.887.57
UK4.757.52
Sweden3.646.49
Sheet2
MITTokyo univ. and T.I.T
To pursue carrier at a big established company22%41%
To set up one's own company27%11%
To become a university professor13%12%
To become an independent engineer or an expert27%22%
others8%4%
not considered yet9%8%
Tokyo univ. and T.I.TMIT
Not considered yet4%8%
Others4%8%
To become an independent engineer or an expert27%22%
To become a university professor12%13%
To set up one's own company11%27%
To pursue carrier at a big established company41%22%
Sheet2
Tokyo univ. and T.I.T
MIT
Sheet3
Tokyo univ. and T.I.T
MIT
Time spent with children
Father MotherJapan 3.32 7.44Korea 3.62 8.40Thailand 6.00 8.00USA 4.88 7.57UK 4.75 7.52Sweden 3.64 6.49(hours)IV. Other issues
Satisfaction with children
Graph1
0.6870.7870.6850.9310.9270.944
0.5370.6110.670.8850.8910.892
0.4730.5780.6940.8280.7810.846
0.3630.5290.7410.8450.8330.827
Japan
Korea
Thailand
USA
UK
Sweden
Sheet1
0346791012
Japan68.7%53.7%47.3%36.3%
Korea78.7%61.1%57.8%52.9%
Thailand68.5%67.0%69.4%74.1%
USA93.1%88.5%82.8%84.5%
UK92.7%89.1%78.1%83.3%
Sweden94.4%89.2%84.6%82.7%
Sheet1
000000
000000
000000
000000
Japan
Korea
Thailand
USA
UK
Sweden
Sheet2
Sheet3