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8/2/2019 Education and Labour Productivity
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Education and Labour
Productivity
NOREEN M. MORALES
EDAD 202
Dr. Joel Javiniar (Professor)
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Productivity
-is commonly defined as a ratio of avolume measure of output to a
measure of input use (OECD)
- is the rate of output per worker
(or a group of workers) per unit of
time as compared with an
established standard or expected
rate of output (businessdictionary.org)
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Productivity is the ability to get
things done in a timely manner. It
presumes that action is taking place.
It means so much more than
dreaming, planning, or thinking.
Productivity is the ability to quickly
implement an idea into reality. Thetruth is nothing really happens until
someone does something.http://www.sophisticatededge.com/what-is-productivity.html
Productivity
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Productivity
=Output
----------------Input
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EDUCATION
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Human Capital
Human capital is
regarded at the macrolevel as a key factor of production in the
economy-wideproduction function.(Son,2010)
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At the micro level , human
capital is considered thecomponent of education that
contributes to an individual’s
labor productivity and earnings
while being an important
component of firm production.(Son, 2010)
Human Capital
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-More educated individuals
tend to have higher employment rate and earnings
and produce more output
relative to those who are lesseducated.
http://www.adb.org/Documents/Produced-Under-TA/41040/41040-Human-Capital.pdf
EDUCATION
PRODUCTIVITY
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• Policy makers in almost allcountries agree on one thing:
namely on the importance of education and skills to ensure future economic prosperity . Studiesshow that countries with higherlevels of education and skill, havean average higher levels ofproductivity and economic growth.
(Machinand
Vignoles,2005)
EDUCATION
PRODUCTIVITY
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The increased productivity of
educated workers may increase
productivity of coworkers, and arise in the general education of
the labor force may increase the
potential for innovations and
adaptations leading to morelong-term efficiencies in the
workplace.
MingatandTan,1996
EDUCATION
PRODUCTIVITY
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The Philippine
scenario
Summary of Tertiary Graduates byDiscipline Group and Academic Year
Employed Persons by Industry,Occupation, Class of worker, and Hours
Worked
Employed Persons by Sex, Age Groupand Highest Grade Completed
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Household members are getting more
educated in the Philippines. Over the period1997-2003, the proportion of employed
household members who have secondaryand tertiary education has increased, whilethose who have acquired primary education
has declined.
(Son, 2010)
The Philippine
scenario
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Ifmoreandmore
Filipinosaregettingeducated,howcometheeconomicgrowthofthecountryisnot
improving?
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ThePhilippinescenario
This means that highereducation matters for employmentin the labor market, but the higher
educated labor force might betaking away the jobs that werepreviously held by the less
educated labor force, particularlyin the service sector which has contributed to declining labor
productivity in the country.(Son, 2008)
This means that higher
education matters for employment
in the labor market, but the higher
educated labor force might be
taking away the jobs that were
previously held by the less
educated labor force, particularly
in the service sector which hascontributed to declining labor
productivity in the country . (Son, 2008)
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The Philippinescenario
There is evidence that with the risingeducation levels of labor force, collegegraduates have increasingly taken on
low-skilled work such as driving taxis,jeepneys, buses, and motorizedtricycles in the Philippines (ADO 2007). Itappears that a large proportion of the
highly educated workers are employedin jobs that do not match theireducational attainments, hence, thereis a mismatch between the labormarket and the educational sector.
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EDUCATION
PRODUCTIVITY
Casual comparativeobservations in a number of
developing economies
confirm this statement:improvements in the
educational attainment of thelabor force DO NOT always
have a positive impact on therate of growth of output per
worker.(Pritchett, 1996)
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Signaling theory (Spence),hypothesizes that
individuals acquireeducation merely to signalto potential employers thatthey have superiorproductivity, albeit educationitself does not necessarilyenhance productivity.
EDUCATION
PRODUCTIVITY
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FACTORS CAUSING
LOW PRODUCTIVITY
Competence
Productivity Standards
Work Process
Team Management
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FACTORS CAUSING
LOW PRODUCTIVITY
• Techniques
• Tools and Maintenance
• Salary
• Individual attitudinal, motivational, andbehavioral factors
(www.teambuildinginc.com/tps/005.htm, OECD Manual: Measuring Productivity; Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-LevelProductivity Growth, 2002)
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How to IncreaseProductivity in the
Workplace
Time Management Skills
Productivity Checklist
Organize the work area
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How to IncreaseProductivity in the
Workplace
Short cuts
Reward your employees
Get rid of time wasters
Review training methods
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Thankyou!
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1. Asian Development Outlook. (2007). Change Amid Growth, Asian Development Bank, Manila.
2. http://www.adb.org/Documents/Produced-Under-TA/41040/41040-Human-Capital.pdf
3. http://businessdictionary.org
4. http://www.dole.gov.ph/
5. http://www.nso.gov.ph/
6. http://www.oecd.org
7. http://www.sophisticatededge.com/what-is-productivity.html
8. http://www.teambuildinginc.com/tps/005.htm
9. Machin, S. and A. Vignoles . (2005). What’s the Good of Education?: The Economics of Education in the UK, Princeton
University Press: Princeton and Oxford.
10. Mingat , A. and Tan, J. (1996). The Full Social Returns to Education: Estimates Based on Countries’ Economic Growth
Performance. Human Capital Development Working Paper No. 73, The World Bank, Washington D.C.
11. OECD Manual: Measuring Productivity; Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-Level Productivity Growth, 2002
12. Pritchett, L. (1996). “Where has all the education gone?” World Bank Working Paper No. 581, The World Bank,
Washington D.C.
13. Son, H. 2008. Explaining Growth and Inequality in factor Income: The Philippine Case. ADB Economics Working Paper Series No. 227, Economics and Research Department, Asian Development Bank, Manila.
_________ 2010. Human Capital Development. ADB Economics Working Paper Series No.225, Economics and Research Department, Asian Development Bank, Manila
11. Spence, M. (1973). Job Market Signalling, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87, pp. 355- 374.
References