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music as an object of
digital investigation
Common objects of observation in musicology
Music notation
● Printed
● Manuscript
● Ethnographic transcription
● Analytical score
● ...
Common objects of observation in musicology
Performance
● Live
● Recorded
Common objects of observation in musicology
Historical sources
● Composers
● Performers
● Reception
● Social issues
● ...
What is useful to digitize, and how?
Graphemic Acoustic
Auditory
M. Babbit (1965) The use of Computers in Musicological Research
What is useful to digitize, and how?
Graphemic Acoustic
Auditory
M. Babbit (1965) The use of Computers in Musicological Research
Digital editions of music scoresare here. Mostly...
what is a digital edition of music?
Editorial genres are akin to textual editions
- facsimile and critical editions are common
First things first - paper
Example of editorial intervention in a critical edition
(Weber’s Der Freischütz, ed. Viglianti)
First things first - paper
Example of critical apparatus from the Neue Mozart Ausgabe.
e.g. different ornamentation in source B
“Performing” editions
Digital to print
Image from AirTurn website
Digital consumption
Image from AirTurn twitter account @airturn
(from neoscore.com)
Screenshot of musescore.com
scholarly digital editions of music
Going digital - images
OCVE - ocve.org.uk
Going digital - images
Edirom - edirom.de
Screenshot of Freischütz Digital (closed demo)
Descriptive markup for music notation
Mise-en-page is a term used by codicologists for the general layout and
organization of the manuscript page.
Mise-en-page is a term used by codicologists for the general layout and
organization of the manuscript page.
italic
foreign word
Descriptive markup for music notation
Mise-en-page is a term used by cardiologists codicologists for the general
layout and organization of the manuscript page.
Mise-en-page is a term used by cardiologists codicologists for the general
layout and organization of the manuscript page.
authorial revision
Mise-en-page is a term used by cardiologists for the general layout and
organization of the manuscript page.
editorial correction
codicologists
strikethrough
Carl Maria von WeberDer Freischütz (autographe)No. 13, m. 63, soprano (Änchenn)
Descriptive markup for music notation
Carl Maria von WeberDer Freischütz (autographe)No. 13, m. 63, soprano (Änchenn)
Descriptive markup for music notation
small notes vs. alternative
Going digital - markup + rendering
Marenzio - marenzio.org
Going digital - markup + rendering
Lost Voices - digitalduchemin.org
text and music
TEI Special Interest Group in Music
j.mp/TEImusic
● incorporating encoding for music into TEI documents
● encoding music-related documents
Music notation in text
● Found on both historical and contemporary documents
● Treatises
● Scholarly or educational work
● Writings of music professionals● ...
Music notation in text
As a “block”
A letter by L v Beethoven
Music notation in text
In the text flow
Allorto, R. (2002). Nuova storia della musica
Music notation in text
In the text flow ... ?
Tosca di Victorien Sardou, Giuseppe Giacosa e Luigi Illica. Musica di Giacomo Puccini - Gabriella Ravenni (2009)
TEI and music notation
Manuscript description
<musicNotation> - description of type of musical notation in a manuscript
Only music-related element until P5 2.0.0
TEI and music notation
<notatedMusic> - encodes the presence of music notation in a text
Since P5 2.0.0 (2011)
TEI and music notation
<notatedMusic> http://j.
mp/TEInotatedMusic
● <desc> - prose description of the notated music
● <ptr> - pointer to a representation of the music notation
● <graphics> - pointer to a graphical representation of the
music notation
<notatedMusic>
<ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
<graphic url="bar1.png"/>
<desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39</desc>
</notatedMusic>
try things out
Further readings
Broude, R. (2012), “Musical Works, Musical Texts, and Musical Editions” in Scholarly Editing, v. 33http://scholarlyediting.org/2012/essays/essay.broude.html
And my review at: http://itisnotsound.wordpress.com/2012/03/01/ronald-broudes-new-article-on-musical-works-texts-editions/
Wiering, F. (2009), “Digital Critical Editions of Music: a Multidimensional Model”, in Modern Methods for Musicology, Ashgate.
Thanks to:
