LEADER

EDITION

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aveyoutaken the l

time lately togaze at the stars?" Jesse's com-mander asked the Pioneers as

they lay beneath the starlitsky. "The night sky is one ofGod's greatest creations, yet sooften overiooked by man inhis busy schedule."

Jesse began to think aboutthat for a moment. Come tothink about it, he had beentoo busy lately to enjoy thestars above. School was=coming to a close andthe final tests had mountedup. School, school, school,that's al1 lesse could thinkabout lately.

But now lesse lay on hissleeping bag underneath thedark, dark sky. The campfire

feltwarm beside him. He heardhis commander say that over6 billion tons of meteorites,which we call falling stars,have plunged to the earth.

About that time Jessebegan to notice the differentshapes, called constellations,the stars formed. His mindbegan to wander as the com-mander talked. Jesse imaginedthat he was an astronaut,floating through space in theSpace Shuttle. There's theblue earth below me and thebright moon over there, hedreamed. Wow, how did God

Then Jesse im-agined he was in a

time-traveling machine.Jesse pu11ed a lever and therehe was: in the OId Testamentdays. He imagined seeingAbraham standing under theopen night sky, crying. TheScripture passage ]esse hadrecently read seemed to cometo life.

Abraham was withoutchild, and he wanted childrenso badly. In a vision God saidto Abraham, "Look up at theheavens and count the stars-ifindeed you can count them."Then God said to him, "Soshall your offspring be."

Continued on page 6

'' create somany stars?

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Spring 1996

The Light-for-the-Lost ]unior Councilmen program is now 3 ,veals old, \\re are seeing great

results-already 135 Rangers have become funior Councilmen!You may recall that we first announced this new program in the sprlng 1993 High

Adventure. Since then Rangers across the nation have joined up and thousands of dollars have

been raised for Junior Councilmen gospel literature projects.In the last issue we reported that over 200,000 copies of The Book of l{ope have been dis-

tributed. Along with Tfte Book of Hope (for statesi de), Edward Elephant Sor'.s . has nowbecome the overseas project-Project # 1800-for the LFTL Junior Counciimen program. For thecost of one dime, a copy of Edward Elephant Says... can be provided.

If you have joined the ]unior Councilmen program, )rou can proudlv read r-our name below.If you haven't yet joined, ask your commander how you can. You wiil get the chance to attendLFTL rallies with your commander, Iearn lots about missions, plus be actir eh inr-oh'ed inreaching the rvorld with gospel literature,

For fufiher information, contact Light-for-the-Lost; 1145 Boonville Ave.; Springfield. \tO 65802-1891

Firsl Nome Losl Nome fturch (ity 5lo1e

High Adventure

Spring 1996 5

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Continued from page 3

Jesse couldn't imagine howpowerful God's promise wasand how much God lovedAbraham. Wow, Jesse thought,God gave Abraham as manychildren, grandchildren, andgreat, great, great, great grand-children as there are stars inthe sky. Boy, God sure lovedAbraham.

About that time a loud"POP" from the cracklingcampfire startled Jesse, just intime to hear his commandersay: "Boys, you know that Godloves us so much that He creat-ed the stars above for us to lookat, In the beginning God createdthe heavens and the earth outof nothing. He spoke life intobeing and created man."

The commander opened hisBible. The light from the camp-fire glistened against its black,shiny cover. Then the comman-der continued to speak: "In|ohn 1:1 the Bible states, 'In thebeginning was the Word, andthe Word was with God, andthe Word was God. He waswith God in the beginning.'

"You know what that

means, boys?" the commanderasked as he lifted his head andIooked around the circle ofboys. "]esus is the Word of God,and He was with God when theheavens and earth were created.

"I can almost see God look-ing at His only Son Jesus dur-ing that huppy time. God theFather and Jesus the Son u,ereprobably filled with excitementas they thought of how men,women, and children wouldone day enjoy the wondersbeing created.

"I can imagine a tear trick-Iing down God's face as Helooked His Son deep in the eye,

both realizing that one dayJesus would have to suffer a

cruel death on a cross so thatman could have forgiveness forhis sins."

The commander pausedbriefly as silence filled the air."But I can also imagine thepain was quickly swept awayas they joyfully saw intothe future-those who haveaccept Christ as Savior joiningthem in heaven as praise fillsthe air for eternity!

"Then, boys, I can imaginethat on creation duy Godbrushed the tear from His eye,grinned from ear to ear, andsaid, 'Son, watch this!' Withthat God stretched out Hismighty hand and slor,r,ly movedit across a blackened sky. WithHis hand still in midair, Helooked at Jesus. With a twinklein His eye and a smile on Hisface, He probably said, 'Thechildren will love these, won'tthey.'"

The commander was point-ing to the beautiful stars aboveas he waved his hand slowlyagainst the sky-just as Godmust have done. Then softlythe commander whispered,"Boys, that's just how much theLord loves you ... and me,"

With that lesse knew hewould never again take thestars for granted. He lifted hishead toward the heavens andsmiled. About then a star over-head twinkled, It was as if thetwinkle in God's eye could be

seen as the words came tofesse's mind: "]esse, I love you.... Never forget it." @

6 High Adventure

The tr--rnof Discove[JReprint courtesy of NASA (National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration)

- :::.1 ;,1;',i1,1 To demonstrate the principle of rocket staging.

i;i:lr""l'lrliiirrt.t; In this activity, Rangers simulate a multistage rocketIaunch using two inflated balloons that slide along a fishing line bythe thrust produced from escaping air.

.iljl rl.ir+irlllir +l;

1. Thread the fishing line through the two straws. Stretch the fishingIine snugly across a room and secure its ends. Make sure the lineis just high enough for people to pass safely underneath.

2. Cut the coffee cup in haif so that the 1ip of the cup forms a contin-uous ring.

3. Loosen the balloons by preinflating them. Inflate the first balloonabout three-fourths full of air and squeeze its nozzle tieht. Pull theabout three-fourths full of air and squeeze its nozzle tight. Pull the

nozzle through the ring. While someone assists you, inflate the second balloon. The front endof the second balloon should extend through the ring a short distance. As the second ballooninflates, it will press against the nozzle of the first balloon and take over the job of holding itshut. It may take a bit of practice to achieve this.

4. Take the balloons to oneshould be pointed along

5. If you wish, do a rocketing gas will propel bothout of air, it will release

Travelling into outer space takes enormousamounts of energy. This activity is a simpledemonstration of rocket staging that was firstproposed by Johann Schmidlap in the 16th cen-tury. When a lower stage has exhausted its loadof propellants, the entire stage is dropped, mak-ing the upper stages more efficient in reachinghigher altitudes. In the typical rocket, the stagesare mounted one on top of the other. The loweststage is the largest and heaviest. In the spaceshuttle, the stages are attached side by side. Thesolid rocket boosters are attached to the side ofthe external tank. AIso attached to the externaltank is the shuttle orbiter. When exhausted thesolid rocket boosters are dropped. Later, theexternal tank is dropped as well. @

end of the fishing line and tape each balloon to a straw. The balloonsthe length of the fishing line.countdown and release the second balloon you inflated, The escap-balloons along the fishing line. When the first balloon released runsthe other balloon to continue the trip.

Materials and Tools

2 Long party balloons ("airship")Nylon monofilament fishing line(any weight)2 Plastic straws (milkshake size)

Styrofoam coffee cupMasking tapeScissors

Spring 1996

SPRI}!IG'

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E

R Marshall BrunerNational Public Relations

Neuus

God Doe$ An$wer Praycr

Youn 0utpostPlanning Guide

Mone Ihan Just a$imple $uuitch

Powen Up!

]'

Honu Io Make aBottle Rocket

Coordinator

One-on-OneI'r,e long had a fascination lt,ith astronomy. One of my favorite

pastimes ii guri"g at the stars-especiallv the'moon. (I think it sadihat people ofteri get too busy to step outside and admire God'srvonderiil creation"above ol thht they 6annot see the bear-rtifui nightsky because of city lights.) I becom"e at peace with God when star-ing at the stars because l'm quickll, reminded of His majesty. Inthose moments i realize the povrer of orLr a\,vesome, mighty Godwhose words alone formed creation out of nothing.

I echo the r,r,ords of the Psalmist, "When i consider your heavens,the r,r,ork of your firrgers, the moon and the stals, which you have setin place, r,vliat is min that you are mindful of him, the'son of manthai you care for him?" (PsaLn B:3, a, NIV).

Perhaps you recall the summer 1990 Higfi Adventure leader arti-cle bv Richard Hammar, who wrote "Our Wondrous Hear.ens." TheAndiomeda Galaxy alone boggles the mind: It's "... a 'neighboring'islancl of 200 billi6n suns lyiYr"g 2 rnillion light r,e:rrs (13 q;rintillio;miles) from our Milkl'Way Ghlax-v. Our fastest spacecraft u,oulcltake 150 billion veari to rirach it.- If r,ou counted-one of its starsr:ach second sinc6 the birth of Chlist. r:ou rvould have counted Iessthan a third of its total." He continueil bv stating that our galaxy issimilar in size and shape to the Andron'recla Galaiv. The Milk--v WayGalaxr, "contains nearl\' 300 billion suns-onlr, 6.0b0 can be counted*iiL tl,. urtaided ero.'

Hor,v can \\'e ever donbt God's abllity to provide for our needs?Yet rr e doubt a]l the tinre, [,ord, forgive us of orLr unbelief!"

f'he next tilne vou doubt Gocl's alJility to providt' for yor.rr rreeds,look into the heai'ens. The next time you iake 1,6r1v Rangers on acdrr!-oLrl. .lrrre rvilh them ahrrul lhe tit-rnders abor',r. God cleated itall for rrs.

Tl-ris issue deals with scientific accomplishments of man, It isonlv fitting .,r,e explain to oi-rr Rangers abbut the matt,els of God'screation. Boys nerd to hear abouf the cornpellitrg, indescribable,rrrrtlrinkablc lbve that Cod displayetl tvherr crbatirrg'ihe hear'*rrs ,ndthe earth and mankind, then iending His only belotten Son to dleon a cross ... for us.

In the beginning urhen God created the heavens and the eartll, Heturned chacis, emptiness, and darkness into order, beautl', and iifebt, speokrng

'rreriion inio existence. Liker,r,ise, r,r'e Iav6 the God-given abiliiy to speak order, beauty, and lif'e into a chaotic r,r,orld-by sharing jesrrs e hrisl. rn ho is lhe resolvc.'

There i,r,e have it: 1) the creation God lor,ingh'provided His chil-dlen. 2) tlre porrel olGod displayed b5 creating the worltl flor.us arrdgiviLrg tlis Son to rrs. 3) the riesotrrce Ll'Cod's powcr availablc lo usin Christ ]esus. Let's not keep this good news to ourselves. Let'sproclaim it to orrr oulpt-rsts, tt-, our cuntmuttities. and lo lhe utler-inost narts ol Lhe rvorlJ.

\Vti rnal never l'ly in lhe space shuttle. brrl ne can always look tc,the stars God created and soar [o heaven through our prayers!

"To the Lot-d vour God belong the lteavens, even the highestheavens, tlte earti and everythingin it" (Deuterononty 10:14, N"IV).

-Marshall Bruner, National Public Relations Coordinator

Deuotionals

National Office Beefs Up TrainingNo doubt: Royal Rangers is

effective when leaders are well-trained. One of our top prioritiesin recent months has been toadjust our training methods tobetter equip our national trainingstaff as well as the local outpostcommanders.

Advanced National TrainingCamp: The Advanced NationalTraining Camp format has under-gone change to provide morehands-on training, On August 24-27 we held our first ANTC atCamp Geronimo, near Payson,Arizona, using the new format.There 70 trainees participated incourses such as "Compass andMap," "Advanced Camping

Techniques," "Pioneering,""Cooking," and "Pageantry." Themajor revision was that studentswere given opportunity to applythe skills being taught instead ofjust receiving instructions in a

classroom setting. The entirecamp was shortened 1 day, whilemore hours of actual trainingwere accomplished,

Both trainees and staff alikestated that the camp was a

success. Trainees left feeling theywere equipped to better lead theirlocal outposts.

Urban Leadership Conference:The New York District andthe national Royal RangersOffice cosponsored theUrban Leadership Conference,held in New York City,September \5-17. The con-ference served as the proto-type of National UrbanLeadership Conferences that willbe held nationwide beginning in1996.

Trainees participated inworkshops designed for urbanleadership-"IJnderstanding theUrban Family," "Dealing WithSubstance Abuse," "PeerPressure and Teen Suicide,""Discipline and ConflictManagement,"'il-egal Realities,"

"Values and Ethics," "MedicalConcerns," and "The UrbanCommander of Today." Onehighlight of the conference wasan urban tour into the inner-cityareas of Harlem, Bronx,Brooklyn, and downtown NewYork City. Trainees were ableto witness and hand outThe Book of Hope during the

urban tour. Theyalso met with urbanpastors to learn first-hand of the uniqueneeds of the youthin those inner-cityareas.

Soon the nation-al office will be distributingtraining information to districtcommanders to encouragethem to hoid National UrbanLeadership Conferences in theirinner cities. Training, coupledwith new curricula prepared bythe national office, has become a

primary focus of Royal Rangersas \^ie endeavor to evangelizeurban America. @

August 1-5 marked the sec-ond Eurocamp, held at Mariager,Denmark, where 2,200 campersfrom 15 nations converged tocelebrate Royal Rangers.

Commander Bob Posey, ofOklahoma City, and NationalDeputy Commander Paul Stanekserved as U.S. representatives atthe Eurocamp.

"One of the things I mostenjoyed was the Market Place,"

stated Posey."Every event washeld around theMarket Place. Itconsisted of a

iarge tent erectedin the center ofactivities. Theactivities consist-ed of singings, a

bull whip demon-stration, and even

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'Swiss wrestling.' AIso, therewere demonstrations on how tomake torches, tent spikes, san-dals, hats, beads, T-shirts, anddo basket weaving.

"The Czech Republic wasweaving felt to make backpackrope. The French were demon-strating how to make crepessuzettes. The Netherlanderswere making silk tulips.Rangers were being taught howto juggle and how to make anink pen from a stick."

When asked how theEurocamp differed from ourNaiional Camporama, Poseyreplied, "They held day serviceswith a theme for each day. Thefirst day was 'The Creaiion.'

Various foreign delegations con-ducted the services, emphasiz-ing the theme of that day. Theevening services were similar toour Camporama, where a skit isperformed each night."

Posey stated that the eventswere English translated intoGerman or German translatedinto English. Translators alsotranslated the day and eveningservices into their native lan-guage.

"I was impressed by themany different cultures repre-sented, but they were all RoyalRangers who worked to under-stand all the cultural differences

would share their cultures' food,music and customs.

"I did notice a lot of excite-ment among the commanders inthat Royal Rangers is beingused as a missions outreach toother formerly communisticnations-such as Russia andRomania. One commander wastelling me that Royal Rangerswas growing so fast in hiscommunity that men who werenot Christians were approachingthem, wanting to becomecommanders. They were toldthat they first must becomeChristians, then become com-manders," stated Posey. @

and work together."One of the things I

found unusual was thatdelegates were assigned tovisit other delegationencampments-that is, anentire delegation wouldvisit another delegation'sencampment. Delegateswould sing and share toother delegates. AIso, they

News BriefsOn-Line Prayer Requests: The

Assemblies of God Prayer Centeris now receiving prayer requestsvia E-mail. Our Intercessoryprayer network is growing andthere will be many prayer inter-cessors praying for these needs,God is able! The Prayer Center E-mail address is prayer@0g.org.

Royal Rangers Turning Point:Five commanders recently trav-eled to Chattanooga, Tennessee,and completed Phase 2 of theirRoyal Rangers Turning Pointtraining. Those commanders areas follows: Jim Dougherty, Iowa;Dean Smith, Minnesota; EdwinHazard, New York; RaIphWilliams, South Texas; and DavidCraun, Louisiana.

Once they complete theirintensive training, they will bethe first ever district and/orregional commanders to becomecertified Royal Rangers TurningPoint instructors.

Our Goals:1. To train a select group of

regional and district commandersto become certified Royal RangersTurning Point instructors.

2. For those certified TurningPoint instructors who are nation-al, regional, or district representa-tives to conduct Royal RangersTurning Point Seminars. Theseseminars are to be conducted at a)local outposts, and b) district andregional conferences.

3. To train o11 commandershow to help Rangers avoidand/or overcome life-controllingproblems. This wiII be accom-

plished through the foilowingapproaches:

o Educate outpost com-manders : Certified instructorswill schedule seminars in citiesand towns where outpost com-manders from several churchescan attend Royal Rangers TurningPoint Seminars.

o Educate regionai, district,divisional, sectional, and areacommanders and all RoyalRangers certified instructorsabout the role of Turning Pointand lnsigfit Group curriculaby conducting Royal RangersTurning Point Seminars at region-al and district conferences.

Do you want to learn moreabout helping boys liveovercoming lives? Do you desireto become a more dynamic com-mander? If so, contact your dis-

continued on pg. 5

Spring 1 996

by Rev. Dennis Whaley

*f'll never forget how! Lt .itted I was io finallyI attend the National

.LTraining Camp. The grandevent was held spring 19BB atthe National Royal RangersTraining Center, Eagle Rock,Missouri,

I had been in RoyalRangers since I was B yearsold. My father had taken meto hear National CommanderJohnny Batnes, now deceased,at a Houston sectional Father-Son Banquet, where the chal-Ienge of the Rangers programsignited my dad, my pastor,and four other men to beginOutpost 2 in the South TexasDistrict. As a result, the RoyalRangers program was a life-long commitment.

So now, after several yearsof Ieadership in variouschurches and sections, I final-ly was going to Eagle Rock for

NTC. Little did I realize thatafter I had mailed in my regis-tration and secured the date, Iwould find out that I wouldhave to begin chemotherapyfor Hodgkin's Disease (lym-phoma cancer).

In 1984 I had taken radia-tion therapy for my condition.God was so merciful. It wascaught early, and after mini-mal treatment I respondedwell and was released fromthe doctor's care. But now ithad reoccurted, and theaggressive chemotherapytreatment had to begin imme-diately.

I sincerely prayed, andagainst many people's advice Ischeduled my first treatmenton Monday so I could attendNTC on Thursday. It was thebest decision I had ever made!

When I arrived on thecampgrounds, I had a doctor'srelease to give to CommanderPaul Stanek. I was placed inthe "Buffalo Patrol," alongwith seven of the greatest menthat ever hiked those EagleRock campgrounds.

My tent buddy was StanWeston from Roseau, Minnesota.The other men were PaulWatts, Tim Ttower, lohnWampler, Bill Voyles, IimValkovich, and lim Zatt. Theonly one I toid of my condi-tion was Stan. (Because of thepossible side effects I couldencounter, I felt he shouldknow.)

Regardiess ofmy condition, Iwent through thedaily routine,determined to fin-ish NTC. I realizedthat it might be thelast camp-out Icould experience,and I wanted to be

Barnes challenged us to carryour "1ight" back to our citiesand towns and to win boys forChrist. As we stood aroundthat campfire, he asked for ashow of those who wantedGod's anointing and a doubleportion of God's Spirit,Several of my patrol buddieswent forward. Then, to mysurprise, he recognized me as

a cancer patient and asked themen to gather around me andpray'

I'll never forget theabsolute freedom we felt inthe Spirit, As they prayed Idetermined that with God'shelp, and the prayers of thesemen, I would be healed!

It didn't end there, Wewent back to our tents singing.While around our patrol fire,one of our patrol membersreceived the baptism in theHoly Spirit.

NTC ended, but what Godhad done for me there willnever end, From that night onmy patrol brothers would call,write, and pray for me.Sometimes in my weakeststate I'd get a call from Paulor Tim. They would say thatthey were praying for me.John wrote a ietter and saidthat while skydiving, hethought of me and said aprayer.

How could I forget theNTC and my night of victory?

After 13 weeks off and onin the hospital, 6 months of

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chemotherapy, a stroke, ablood clot. and numerous sideeffects, God healed me of can-cer. The doctor released mefrom checkups 5 years later.

Today there are no out-ward signs of the disease Ihad fought. Now everyMonday and Tuesday Ianswer the phones at theNational Prayer Center,at the General CouncilHeadquarters, praying for oth-ers to receive a healing touchfrom the Lord. The 1-800 4-PRAYER is a life-line I enjoysharing with others. Anyone

can call in a prayer request.I am convinced that the

prayer of agreement fromCommander Barnes and theBuffalo Patrol, coupled withthe brotherly encouragementat NTC, was what I needed.

When I returned to EagleRock for the 1994 Camporama,I stood among 4,000 boysand men and remembered mymiraculous evening duringthe NTC of tgag. It was amoving experience to see thehundreds of boys at the altar,which let me know there isno other ministry for men and

boys like Royal Rangers. @

Editor's l/ole;Rev. Whaley became

involved in Roval Rangers atage B. He now selves as min-ister of ministries and asTrailblazers commander atPraise Assembly, Springfield,Missouri. From Royal Rangerto commander, his love for theRangers ntinistry has neverwavered. Today he proudlywears the commander's uni-form-a testimonv of his lovefor Rangers and God's healingmercies on his life.

Fhom tlre National Bnayer CenterDear Sir:

This spring L called to requestprayer foi m/son |ohn. who^hadGrave's Disease and was having adifficult recoverv. He had been illfor the last 2 v6ars. Many otherswere praving for him also, iicludinghis Rbydl R--angers leaders: DarreiTippit-t, Jim links, and DavidGideon.

John is markedly betl"er now, andI am enclosing a photograph of himtaken during the Oklahoma CitylRoval Rangeisl ceremony, where heieceived "his Gold Medal ofAchievement [one of the highest Royal

Thank you for your prayers ... and keep the prayer line open.

Front: Tim Hopkins, Robby Taylor, John Dalgarn, Jr.Back: James Eibanks, Oklahoma District commander.

Rangers awards earnable]....

Sincerely,John's mother, ]oyce Wilson Dalgarn

continued from pg. 3

trict commander and tell him youwish to attend a Royal RangersTurning Point Seminar.

We're On-LineOur office is now on-line and

can be reached through computer

E-mail. Our computer address isRangers@ag.org. Soon we will besending our promotional materialthrough America ON-Line, acces-sible through the World WideWeb. Be looking for furtherdetails!

1996 National RendezvousEarmark your calendar for the

1996 National Rendezvous. Thegrand event will be held fuly 15-19, 1996, at Camp Eagle Rock,Eagle Rock, Missouri. The cost isminimai-$50 OId-Timers, $40Young Bucks.

Spring 1 996

by lohn Eller,nationql dis-patcher

$f,x-mffif .&gs-ru€a/s

Ot,e ra.l l Approach : This cluarte r'.s

tlt.eme is "The Sciences." You w,illwatTt 1o help t,our l:tot,,t tltitrk o.f .specif-

it' situutiotts. Plan,for tlisplcrl',t,p o s t e rs, u ntl tl entottst roti ot1.t that w'illhelp vour bots 1,is1rrr1iz.e the chul.-lenges be.fore thetn. Remenrber thethree wa.r:s w'e leant.: seeing, hea.ring,

and tbing. Moke sure your trtlclition-al idormation crnd instructions arecorrect, since we ttre informing t'oungntincls that will retain thi.s in.fornurtion

for ntanl,\etr.\ to come.

lst Week-ABC's: List on a

chalkboard the letters o1'the alphabet.Then ask the boys to come up withwords that sound like each alphabetletter. For erample, "B" sounds like"be" or "bee." and "C" sounds like"see" or "sea." Explain that wordsthirt sor-rnd alike but are spelled differ-ently are called homophones orhomonlnt.s. Displal, a golf tee and a

cup of tea. Displny word cards like"lN" and "INN." and discuss the ori-gin of the word and what n-rakes that

word distinctive in meaning. Explainthat man is distinctli and unicluelycreated. Involve the boys in a discus-sion on how r irrious items carne intobeing. Discussion Questions: Whatpart did God play in eacl.r of these?What part did man play'? Which is

most important'?2nd Week-Clothing: Bring sev-

eral different kinds of cloth to thisineeting-such as wool, cotton, silk,etc. Disctrss where these materialscame from. Ask, "What are yourclothes macle of'1" Check labels on

the necks of shirts and the pockets of

jeans. Discussion Questions: Whirt are

carpets and drapes made 1'rom? Aresome things made l'rom a rrixture ofmlterills? Erplirin lhrl sorne lnclcri-als like rayon and polyester-are man-made. Who gave lrran the knowledgeto do this?

3rd Week-Word Games: Giveeach boy a scrap of paper, and assist

thc boys in writing down the name ofan object-such as tcnt, fire, flag, etc.

Ask thcm to keep it secret from therest. Now have trvo boys at randorncombine their papers, putting theirwords together. Did the rvords com-bined make a compound word, or didthey sound funny or odd? Repeatthis garne with diffelent boys. Whenthe compound word makes an object,do a rough drawing on the overheador chalkboard-examples: treebed,l1agship, dishwiiter, etc.

4th Week-Imagination: Usingposter board, draw several objects thatcould be improved-here are somehumorous ones: a drinking glass thatt

will not tip, a bat that will neverbreak, eic. Ask the boys to suggestthings that could be improved. Askquestions like, "Do you think people

woulcl buy what is improved?" Next,have the boys name some things thatdo not need irr.rprovement. Can youimprove milk or bread?

lst Week-Riddles: This is theweek for riddles. Ct'eate several."What am I?" riddles from your meet-ing room surroundings. Example:"Some people find me easy to break.but I think I'rn pretty sharp! What am

I?" Answer: glass.

2nd Week-AmazingAccornplishments: Discusssome ol- nrJn s umazingaccorr.rplishmcnts. Preparebeforehand by researchingthrough the encyclopedia.For exan:rple, discuss theattached High Adventurearticle on the space shuttle.Or you could obtain a

li brary book onMichclangelo. Explain thedifficulty he experienced

whilc painting the ceiling of theSistine Chapel. (He had to lie on hisbiick or.r a scaffold using wet plaster.)Discussion Questions: WasMichelangelo a dedicated artist?Why did he work so hard'? Did he do

other things? (Yes, he worked withmarble to create statues.) What isharcl fbr you to do?

3rd Week-Shapes: Using vari-ou: eolot': ol' Conslruclion pepel.instluct the Straight Arrows to cut orrt

a variet\, of shapes. Next, have the

hoys bring theil paper to a table and

see what lalge object they can make.

(You rlight add a f'eiv more pieces.)

ls this a good r,,a.v to make a jigsawptzzle? How would you have cut the

paper differently4th Week-Compliments: Ask,

"Do you know rvhat a compliment is?

Write on a chalkboard the names ofpersons each boy would like to com-pliment-dad, mom, pastor, comman-cler. etc. Discuss the following: Whatwould you say nice about that person?

Have you ever said, "Thank you!" toher or him'J Why would you compli-rnent this person? Do you see him orhcr often? Is he or she easy to talku,ith'? Read Scripture verses thatr,iould rellrtc to eomplimenting one

lrntrther'. lnr olr c the hoi: irt u gume.

like basketbali, and encourirge them tocornpliment each other when theymake good plays.

lst Week-Descriptions: Displaysome of the following on a table:er.iser, typewriter, clock, paperclip, stapler, ballpoint pen, etc.

Ask each boyhow he woulddescribe oneof the itemsdipleryed tosomeone whodid not knowwhat it was.DiscussionQuestions:Why are these

items impor-tant? Are theyeasy to make?

High Adventure Leoder

Where do you get them? What couldbe used in place of these things? Arethese things mostly at home, school,or the office?

2nd Week-Word Shapes:Illustrate on a chalkboard how to formobjects using the letters of a word.Example: Write the word BOX in the

shape of a box. Write the wordPHONE in the shape of a telephone.Give each boy sheets of colored con-struction paper and a pencil to dotheir own. Let the boys cut out theirshapes-using rounded scissors-anddecorate the meeting room with theirword shapes.

3rd Week-Descriptions: Askfor a volunteer to stand in front of the

group. Ask, "What words describethis person?" Using a chalkboard, listin one column the words that describethe boy. Then have another boy comeforward and repeat the process. Listthose descriptive words in the nextcolumn. Compare what words arealike by drawin-u lines from one col-umn to the next. Next say, "Let's see

how we are all alike in some waysand different in other ways." Askeveryone to stand. Read a list of thewords after stating. "If the worddescribes you. stay standing. If itdoesn't, sit down and remain seated.

See how long it takes for everyone!except the volunteers. to sit down."

4th Week-Rules: Explain thateveryone has rules to -eo by. Describewhy rules are important-for safety,for our physical or spiritual well-being, etc. Then involve the boys inthe following questions: What areyour rules at home? Do you alwaysfollow them? What happens if youbreak a rule? Do you have rules atschool? Which one would you change

if you could? Does God have ruies?What happens if we break God'srules? Are His rules important?Where do we find God's rules?

5th Week-Show & Tell: Haveeach boy bring two of his favoritetoys to this meeting. Display the toyson a table. Have each boy brieflydescribe the toys and why they are hisfavorite. Then involve the boys in a

discussion: Are these toys any good?

How would you change them to makethem work better? What kind of toyswould you like to see invented?(Make a rough drawing of their sug-gestions on the chalkboard.) Do youthink toys are important? If youcould have any toy, which would youch6ose?

BuckaroosOverall Approach: Your boys are

curious about how things *'ork.Science is a big mystery to beexplored. Use their interest as !ol{.tinstrtira.tion this quarter. Be swre toallow time .fbr related que,stions ancl

side bars. At this age, your boys maylearn more by accident than they will!eurn on purf().se at a latcr agt'.Teach them while you can!

WEarc[elst Week-Cloud Types: Write

the following words on a chalkboard:l) cirrus 2) cirrostratus, 3) cimocumu-lus, 4) altostratus, 5) altocumulus, 6)stratocumulus, 7) nimbostratus, 8)cumulus 9) cumulonimbus, and l0)stratus. Use a Webster's CollegiateDictionary to define and discuss each

cloud type. Also, discuss what causes

thunderstorms and tornadoes and howto prevent injury during storms.

2nd Week-Cloud Types: Threetemperatures are important in weath-er: cloud (aloft), air, and ground tem-peratures. Illustrate on a chalkboardwhat precipitation would occur withthe following Fahrenheit tempera-tures:

Aloft Air Ground23" 23" 23"(snow)40' 20" 20'(s1eet)

4ff 4ff 40'(rain)23" 4ff 42'(rain)40' 35' 15'(freezing rain)40' 20" 4ff (sleet then melt)

3rd Week-Education: HarvardUniversity was founded in 1636. Itwas the first U.S. college. This weekdiscuss the importance of education.Talk ahout some ol the interesting sci-entific careers in which boys canbecome involved. DiscussionQuestions: Do you have to go to col-

lege to become a scientist? Can yoube a scientisl now? 1Yes, a scientist is

anyone who makes observations. col-lects infbrmation, and takes an inter-est in himself/herself and the worldaround him/her.)

4th Week-Earth Science:Obtain a library book on volcanoes.Share information from the book withyour Buckaroos. Distribute writingpaper to each boy, and ask each boyto write a paragraph describing whathe would do if a volcano would erupt.First, explain the following: The typeof volcano, type of eruption, andtopography of the area all affect whatshould be done in the event of aneruption.

$[pB';;1st Week-Light: Ask the boys to

name four different sources oflight-such as match, volcano, star,line electricity, battery electricity,kerosene, anything burning such as

wood or paper. Explain the many rea-sons why we need light. Demonstratevarious types of light. Involve theboys in a discussion on what lif'e waslike before electricity.

2nd Week-Words: This weekdiscuss how words are formed.Prefixes to words are varied and can

completely change the meaning of a

word. The prefix "tele," for example,means far away (examples: telegraph,telephone, television). "Micro"means small (example: microwave).The word "phone" takes on a com-pletely new meaning when attachingto it the prefixes "tele" or "micro."

3rd Week-Sounds: Acquaint

Spring 1996 7

your boys with sounds and echoes.

Tell how these are used in measure-

ments. Bats use echoes to determinedistance. Sonar uses sounds to deter-

mine depth, primarily in water. The

time elapse between thunder andlightning can be used to determinehow far away a storm is located.Discussion Questions: What are some

uses we have for sounds and echoes?

What is the first sound you hear in the

morning? Can you make sounds?What do they mean?

4th Week-Echo, echo, echo:Explain that an echo is the return of a

sound you make. If echoes travel at

1,000 feet per second and you hearyour sound return in 10 seconds, howfar away is the mountain or wall thatsends it back to you? (The answer is5,000 feet. The sound has to go and

come back.) Use an empty room toillustrate how echoes travel. Musictakes on a whole new sound in an

empty room.

May1st Week-Booker Washington:

Booker T. Washington was born in1856. He worked in coal mines three-

fourths of a year and attended school

the remainder of the year. He becamepresident of Tuskegee Institute, a

trusted advisor to presidents Taft and

Roosevelt and even wrote a book enti-tled Up From Slavery. How couldyou squeeze 9 months of learning into3 months? Share about the impor-tance of continued education and howone should never stop learning. Show

encyclopedia photographs of some

well-known colleges when discussing.

2nd Week-Discovery: Manyscientists apply lor patents for theirdiscoveries. Explain what a patentis-a document created by the govern-ment which assigns the right to the

inventor to make, use, and sell an

invention. Discussion Questions:Why are patents important? Whatwould you patent if you could do so?

For craft time, let the Rangers make

something unique, using constructionpaper or clay or wire.

3rd Week-Where Are We?Ask your local librarian for the lati-

I High Adventure Leoder

tude of your city or town. Pretend itis night and point to the NorthStar-which can be drawn on a chalk-board. The North Star is alwaysdirectly north at an angle with thenorthern horizon, which equals yourlatitude. For example, the latitude ofSt. Louis is 38.5 degrees north, and inSt. Louis the North Star (Polaris) is

38.5 degrees above the northern hori-zon.

4th Week-North:The North Star indicateswhere north is if you livenorth of the equator. Ifyou know where north is,

can you figure out otherdirections? Give theRangers a basic under-standing of directionusing the Adventures inCamping handbook.

5th Week-NASA:This week discuss thearticle appearing in theHigh Adventure titled"NASA: The SpaceShuttle Quest." Next, ask theRangers, "How many U.S. astronauts

have died in space capsules or shut-

tles? (3 in ApolLo: Grissom, White,and Chaffee; 7 in Challenger: Scobee,

Smith, Resnik, Onizuka, McNair,Jarvis, and McAuliffe). Note thatafter both accidents, NASA improvedsafety regulations and procedures.Ask the boys, "What would your feel-ings be if you were an astronaut at the

takeoff of a shuttle flight?"

PianeersOverall Approach: Our aim this

quorter is to assist your Pioneers increative thinking in the world of space

and related subjects. Remember thatboys are excited by adventure andchallenge and the vastness of air andspace travel. Lead them to new dis-coveries in the ever-expanding worldof knowledge.

Marchlst Week-Our Solar System:

Ask the boys: "Suppose you lived on

another planet. Which one would you

choose? How would life be differentif you could live. there? Describe howthe planet is different from Earth."Supply white paper and colors forboys to draw how their selected plan-els would look.

2nd Week-Our Solar System:With a white poster board, draw a

picture of the sun, usingbrightly

coloredmarkers or pencils.

Discussion Topic: Suppose you couldvisit the sun. Give at least l0 words

that would describe your visit. Wouldthis be a fun trip? Why or why not?

What kind of spaceship would youneed?

3rd Week-Our Solar System:Ask your boys to imagine the sun

stopped shining. What would hap-

pen? What would be affected by this

,change? (Human life, animal life,plant life, energy, etc.) Discussion

Questions: Who made the sun toshine? Will the sun stop shiningsomeday? What does the Bible say

about this? (Read Matthew 24:29.)4th Week-Our Solar System:

Discussion Topic: Display a photo ofthe moon and planets. Imagine the

moon were made of cheese and plan-ets of other foods. Make a list offoods that might make up each planet.

What do scientists believe the planets

are really made of?

April1st Week-Spacecraft: Discussion

Topic: Suppose you discovered an

abandoned spacecraft in your back-yard. What would be the first thing

!,L

qiru

d

d

fI0I'lt

IJI

you would do? (Tell parents, call 91 1,

call NASA, etc.) What would thespaceship look like? How large wouldit be? How did it get there? Howwould you get it back to its owner?

2nd Week-Flyng High: Discussion

, Topic: Imagine you wereflying a kite and it suddenlytook you up above theclouds. What do you thinkour city looks like from thesky? Why do some peoplesay the earth looks like a

giant chessboard? Can youtell what things you are see-

ing from above? Do cloudsget in your way when youtry to look down? How canyou tell the earth is round?Once you are up in the air.how would you get backdown?

3rd Week-Our Night Sky:Obtain a book about stars or a "NightBowl" from the local library. Explainhow stars are arranged in the sky toform constellations. Supply each boymaterials to draw an arrangemenf ofstars for the night sky. Discussion

Questions: Are star formations differ-ent below the equator? (Yes, thesouthern sky is totally different.)Using your imagination, what letters

can stars make in the sky?4th Week-Night Sky: Secure an

enlarged map of the night sky. Havethe boys suppose the night sky madedot-to-dot pictures. Point out a starformation that creates a house.ldentily a formation that creates a pic-ture of another object. Tell about thespecial star the Wise Men saw whenJesus was born.

Maylst Week-Our Moon: This

week discuss the moon by researchingan encyclopedia. Show a picture. a

map, or a globe of the moon. Explainman's first visit to the moon on July20, 1969. Describe the moon's sur-face and atmosphere. If the moon isshinning, let the Rangers view themoon through binoculars. Discussion

Questions: How would you feel beingon the moon looking at the earth.

What does "earth rise" mean? Isgravity different on the moon? Whyis the moon so dusty? Why is themoon important? (earth tides).

2nd Week-Planets: Select a

planet for discussion. Use an ency-clopedia to research this planet.Discuss the planet at length and showpictures taken of the planet.Discussion Questions: What would itbe like to camp on this planet?Would you need a fire for cooking?Would there be a place to store refrig-erated items? What kind of equipmentand supplies woulcl you need to take?Would people back home be interest-ed in what you saw?

3rd Week-NASA. This weekdiscuss the article appearing in theHigh Adventure titled "NASA: TheSpace Shuttle Quest." Next. ask the

Rangers, "How many U.S. astronautshave died in space capsules or shut-tles? (3 in Apollo: Grissom, White,

and Chaffee; 7 in Challenger: Scobee,

Smith, Resnik, Onizuka, McNair,Jarvis, and McAuliffe). Note thatafter both accidents, NASA improvedsafety regulations and procedures.Ask the boys, "What would your feel-ings be if you were an astronaut at thetakeoff of a shuttle flight?"

4th Week-Sky View: Obtain a

set of binoculars or a telescope fordemonstration and discussion. If pos-

sible plan a star gaze. Tell the boysthat many new stars were discoveredafter telescopes were invented. Ask ifthey are aware that Jupiter has 12

moons. Discussion Questions: Arethere more stars we have not discov-ered? Are there more planets we don'tknow about?

5th Week-The Beginning: Thisweek discuss the Book of Genesis and

how God created the heavens and theearth.

Trailbla.zersOverall Approach: Keep in mind

that the ideas listed below are intend-ed to spark your imagination toexpand into related areas of interestand ercitement for your boys.

Marchlst Week-Wind Velocity: Ever

notice how a gentle breeze can makean otherwise unbearably hot dayalmost pleasant, or how a brisk windin winter will send you scurrying forcover? The speed of wind can bemeasured, using a special instrument.Wind velocity is measured on a scale

of 0 to 12. known as the Beaufortscale. It is named for Sir FrancisBeaufort, an English rear admiral whodevised this method of determining

wind speed in 1805. Weadded figures of miles perhour (mph). Can you guess

how fast the wind is blow-ing today?

2nd Week-Wind:Discussion Topic: Wind ismade when the air iswarmed by the sun, causingthe air to rise. The air shiftswhen the cooler air. caused

by arctic temperatures or the lackof sun. replaces the warm air.Mountains, bodies of water, anddeserts also help determine the natureol wind-its speed and direction. Fortwo-thirds of the continental UnitedStates. good weather generally comes

fiom the northwest, west, and south-

west winds. Bad weather generally is

blown from the northeast, east, and

soulheast. Discuss winds in your area.

3rd Week-!Vind Velocity:Discuss the below methods of mea-

suring wind speed according to theBeaufort scale: 0) calm-smoke rises(0 mph); 1) light air-smoke drifts (1-3

mphl: 2) light breeze-leaves rustle.wind vanes move (4-7 mph); 3) gentle

breeze-leaves and twigs move, lightflag extends (8-12 mph); 4) moderate

breeze-branches move. dust blows

Spring i996 I

(13-18 mph); 5) fresh breeze-smalltrees sway, white caps on water (19-

24 mph).4t}l. Week-Wind VelocitY:

Review last week's lesson on measur-

ing wind velocity by the Beaufortscale. Introduce the following num-

bers: 6) higher wind speeds-strongbreeze, large branches move, umbrel-las hard to control (25-31 mph); 7)

moderate gale-whole trees move,walking against wind is hard (32 -38

mph); 8) fresh gale-twigs break, cars

hard to steer in crosswind (39-46mph); 9) strong gale-signs, antennas

blow down (11-54 mph); 10) wholegale-trees uproot, bad structural dan-r-

age (55-63 mph); ll) storm-muchgeneral damage (64-72 mph); l2) hur-ricane-widespread destruction (72-plus mph). (The United States uses

74 mph as hur:ricane-fbrce winds.)

&r*nfrii1st Week-Wind Indicator:

You can make a wind indicator witha straw and two triangles cut fromthin cardboard. Glue triangles inplace. Stick a pin through the middleof the straw into a pencil eraser. Be

sure it spins freely. Support the pen-

cil in a yogurt container that isanchored to a board. Mark the con-

tainer N, E, S, W. Place the windindicator outside of the church and

watch ior the wincl.2nd Week-Rain: Discuss the

different words for rain: 1) gentle

rain-sprinkling, drizzling or spitting,2) raining "cats and dogs" means it'sreally pouring. What are some waYS

to describe a hard rain? In recentyears, by-products from burningfuels have been rising into the atmos-

phere and causing acid rain. Has any

fallen in your area? What is the

answer to preventing acid rain?Discuss how rain recycles from the

ground to the sky again and how rain

causes plants to grow.3rd Week-Rain: Note that

some deserts might not receive a sin-

gle inch oF rain in an entire Year.Using a globe, identify some desert

areas and rain forests of the world.Discuss how plants, such as cacti,

l0 High Adventure Leoder

survive in the desert. ComPare thedesert plant life to that in the tropics.Plants and animals in deserts expect,

and receive, little rain. In these aridconditions, some plants can sprout,flower, and bear seeds in just 2

weeks. This way, they take advan-tage of the rain that might fall justonce a year. What would hapPen ifthese desert plants had lots of rain?

4th Week-Rain: Explain thatsome regions in the world have a

clear-cut rainy season, lasting manymonths. During dry months, these

areas may be desert-like, but therains change all that. Countries bor-dering the Indian Ocean, for exam-ple, conform to this pattern when the

monsoon winds of summer bringsteady rain. (Use a globe to identifythis region.)

Optional 4th Week Meeting-Field Trip: This week take theRangers on a field trip to a botanicalgarden (or a greenhouse). The tripshould be both fun and informative.

[r,,*rin

lst Week-Animal Behavior. Itis easy to fall into the habit of com-paring animals to people. Someanimals do possess human-liketraits, but this is only coincidental.(Explain that God created man and

animals. and discuss how man tries

to avoid this reality through evolu-tionary theory.) Ask the Rangers tolist some of the similar behaviorsman and beast har e in common.Show photographs of various ani-mals that can be found in encYclo-pedias, and discuss about the ani-mals.

2nd Week-Animal Behavior:Explain that animal behavior istremendously varied, from their eat-

ing habits to their social behavior.Most animals live in relative peace

with one another, with spurts of rit-ual fighting-which is more bluffthan anything. Describe some ani-

mal behaviors such as play, flight,or confrontation.

3rd Week-Animal Behavior:Discuss the various mannerisms ofthe cat and dog and how they differ.

Ask the Rangers, "When you are

mad, does your dog ro11 over on itsback?" Explain that dogs are not farremoved from wolves, and in a wolfpack the belly-up posture signalsdefeat. Wolves fight fair-theYwon't pick on an animal once it"gives up." Ask the boys, "Doesyour dog lick your face?" ExPlainthat the "underdogs" in the wolfpack lick the muzzle of the domi-nant wolf and that to a dog thehuman is the dominant one.

4th Week-Animal Behavior:Explain that domestic cets practice

hunting skills; even though theYmay be fed by their owners, former-ly domesticated cats do well in the

wi1d. They are called feral cats.Even kittens like to stalk andpounce on moving things. Watchsquirrels in the park and birds at afeeder. You can learn somethingabout the way they keep harmonY.

5th Week-Man's Behavior:This week discuss some of the life-controlling behaviors (or habits) ofman. For example, study with theRangers how habits are formed,using the Royal Rangers InsightCroup curricula. Place seats in a cir-cle and invite the boys to discusslife-controlling habits-such as

drugs, pornography, gambling. Askfor volunteers to discuss a life-con-trolling habit they may have had or

may have or a life-controllingbehavior a friend may have. PraY

beforehand that the Lord will directthe conversation and use the oppor-tunity to strengthen the boys spiritu-a11y. Be prepared with ScriPtureverses, which can be assigned to the

Rangers and read aloud.

.Arr-Ses-frsrf"ffiongers

OveralL Approach: Select toPics ofyour choice that appear in anY ofthe previc.ttLS meeting feature out'lines. Prepare ond teach the materi-als according to the oge level of the

Rangers. @

ffiH,:o:"1.1;,1ffiH Enelish che'mist

ffi and Ph.vsicist.Wffi rvas experi-F"Tflmffi ffi menting with a

WffiI coil of wire anda magnet. He

found that moving the

by Paul EFeller

This issue ofHigh Adventurel-eaderfocuses on"The Sciences."So give yourRangers a betterunderstanding ofhow electricityactudlyworl<s.

In 18 31

the coils move past the magnetand come around and movepast it again.

Power lines are used to getthe electricity from the genera-tor to your house. Power linesare usually copper or a1u-minum wire. These wires aremounted on utility poles. Youcan see them along the streetin front of your house or some-times in an alley behind thehouse.

The electric current leavesthe generator at a voltage ievelthat is not the best for sendingit long distance over powerlines. So transformers are usedto raise and lower the voltageas needed.

As scientists worked withthe principle discovered by

Figure 1

Transformer

lron

ered that when the coils werewound on an iron core, thetransformer worked better.

It was discovered that ifthe first coil had more turns ofwire than the second coil, itreduced the voltage. This typeof transformer is called a"step-down" transformer.Scientists aiso discovered thatif the second coil had moreturns of wire, the voltage wasincreased. This type is called a"step-up " transformer.

When electric currentleaves the generators, a trans-former steps up the voltage toseveral thousand volts-lnsome cases hundreds of thou-sands. When electricity reach-es your city, the voltage is usu-ally stepped down. Then,

before the electricityleaves the pole and comesinto your home, the volt-age is lowered to 240 and120 volts.

Most of the appliancesin your home operate on120 volts of electricity.But there are some appli-ances-such as an electricstove, a clothes dryer,and an electric waterheater-that use 240 volts.

The voltage is steppedup or stepped-down withtransformers. The trans-former that steps downthe voltage to 24O and tZOfor your house is usuallymounted on a pole nearyour house. It looks like abig can with wires fas-

tened to it. You may want to gooutside and see if you can fiidthe transformer that servesyour house.

One thing you always wantto remember: Electricity isvery dangerous. Do not playwith it.

Perhaps next time youon a switch to a light oron your hair dryer, 1zouappreciate it a blt more.

magnet through thecoil of wire caused anelectric current to flowthrough the wire.

Everl' time Youturn on a light, youbenefit from this dis-covery. Electricmotors and generatorsuse the principle thatFaraday discovered.

We use eiectricityevery day. It runs ourrefrigerators, hair dry-ers, washing machines,computers, and lights.These are oniy a feu, ofthe products that r,r,e

operate using electrici-ty.

This wonderfulthing we call electricity comesfrom generators. RememberMichaei Faraday's discovery?Electric current wili also flowif a coil of wire is moved past amagnet. This is what electricgenerators do.

A generator looks a lot likean electric motor. Coils of wireare mounted on a shaft andmagnets are mounted aroundthe coils, As the shaft turns

Faraday, they found that whenan electric current flowedthrough a wire, it created amagnetic field around it. Infuture experiments, two coilsof wire were placed side byside. When an alternating elec-trical current flowed throughone coil, it caused an electricalcurrent to flow in the othercoil, This was called a trans-former, The scientists discov-

turnturnwiil@

ilSpring 1996

by LeRoy H. Davis, fr.

When you flip on the TV, Iog on

to your computer, throw a Pizza intothe microwave, or turn on the lightsin the living room, it's a fair chance

some of your electricity comes from anuclear power plant. Throughout theUnited States, more than 100 nuclearpower plants provide eiectricity tohomes and businesses.

How A Power Plants WorksThink of a tea kettle: When 1'ou

hear it whistle, you know that heatfrom the stove has turned some of its

water into steam to blow the whistle.If you were to put a toY Pinwheel inftont of the blast of steam, the energy

in the steam would spin its blades.

Now picture a great deal of steam

inside a power plant blowing the pro-

peller-Iike blades of a giant turbine,which spin the shaft of a huge Senera-tor. Inside the generator, coils of wireand magnetic fields interact, creating

electricity. All steam-electric powerplants produce electricity in thisway-whether they use coa1, natural

gas, oil, or nucleat energy.In a fossii-fueled plant coal, nat-

urai gas, or oi1, is burned to heatwater in a boiler, turning it into steam

to turn the turbine. But in a nuclearplant, nothing is burned. Insteadatoms of uranium are split in a

process called fission, which creates

the heat that turns the water intosteam.

Ever wonder what uranium looks

Iike? It comes in the form of ceramic

pellets, about the size of the end ofyour finger. The pellets are inserted

into long, vertical tubes that are bun-

dled together and placed inside theplant's reactor-where the fissiontakes place.

When the plant starts up atomicparticles, called neutrons, are letIoose to strike the uranium atoms.When the neutrons hit some of the

uranium atoms in the pellets, theY

split to release neutrons of their own,

along with heat. These neutronsstrike other atoms, splitting them.

One fission triggers others, whichtrigger more ... until there is a chainreaction. liVhen this happens, theplant is up and running, splittingatoms to create the heat that will turnthe water into steam.

Here's how the chain reaction iscontroiled: Long rods are insertedamong the tubes that hold the fuel.These "control rods" are made of a

material that absorb neutrons-so the

neutrons can no longer hit atoms and

make them split.To siow down the chain reaction,

more control rods are inserted. To

speed up the chain reaction, controlrods are withdrawn, either partiallyor fully.

Are Nuclear Power Plants Safe?

Several built-in features helpensure nuclear power plants are safe.

For example, the uranium fuel isformed into ceramic pellets, rnhichreslst the effects of high temperatureand corrosion during the plant's oper-

ation. A1so, nuclear power Plantshave muitiple back-up systems thatprotect against equipment failure and

several events like floods, earth-quakes, and tornadoes. And theradioactive fuel is locked awa.v

behind multiple barriers of thick steel

and concrete to guard against release

of radioactir.ity.

What Happens to Used FuelYori've probabl-v never heard the

term /issron fragments. They are left-

over pieces after the atoms have split,which are radioactive. These frag-

ments collect r'r'ithin the pellets.Remember. this is all happening at

the atomic ler.el so the ceramic fuelpellets sti11 look the same. Eventuallythe fragments reduce the efficiency ofthe chain reaction-like ashes smoth-

ering a fire.This is the time for the fuei to be

changed. Between one-forth and one-

third of the fuel is replaced every 12

to 1B months. The used fuel iscooled and stored under water inlarge concrete pools lined with stain-

less steel. Eventually this fuel will be

sent to a federal government facilityfor permanent disposal deep under-ground.

Nutshells?Nuclear power has nothing to do

with nrltshells. But that's the basics

on nriclear power in a nutshell.Perhaps you and your outpost can

tour a power plant one day. And Per-haps you won't take it quite for grant-

ed the next time you plug somethinginto an electrical outlet. Withoutpower piants you know where we'da1i be: in the dark! @

t2 High Adventure Leoder

Reprint courtesy of NASA(National Aeronautics andSpace Administration)

Description: In this activity,Rangers construct a high-perfor-mance bottie rocket fiom a plasticsoft drink bottle and a hand orfoot operated air pump to test theeffect ofvarying air pressure,

Materials and Tools:Plastic soft drink bottle with

plastic cap (large or small)Tubeless tire valve-1rl+ incheslong, TR No. 413 (availablefrom auto supply stores)

DrillDrill bits-slsz inch and elro inch

(or spade bit)Small viseAir pump, foot or hand style

(not bicycle frame pump) withpressure gauge and lever-typevalve attachment

Small knife blade or valve stemtool

Safety goggles

Procedure: (steps 1-5 should bedone by the teacher)1. Using a small knife blade or a

valve stem tool, remove theneedle valve from within thetire valve. To do so, piace theblade point inside the valve(cap end) and gently turn thevalve. The needle valve willbegin to unscre\/. Remove itand discard.

2. Enlarge the hole inside the tirevalve with the drill srsz-inchbit. Hold the valve with a visewhile drilling. Press the drillgently to avoid jamming thebit.

3. Using the srro-inch bit, drill ahole through the venter of theplastic cap of the soft drinkbottle. Carefully clean off anyplastic burrs wiih the knife.

4. Press the tire valve from theinside through the hole in the

5,

6.

amount of water tothe bottle. The escap-ing mass increases,and thereby increas-es the action forceproduced,

Teaching Notes andQuestionso Have each Rangerbring plastic softdrink botties todecorate and fly.The tire valve/cap

Ilorv k) MAI{E eBorrrru RocKET,,!G(; l lii i: :.\\{:&/\wm'

Tubeless TireValve

,#7;:/

plastic cap until it locks intoplace.Screw the plastic cap on thesoft drink bottle. The bottle isready for launch.Attach the pump valve to therocket. Push the lever to lockthe valve on the rocket. Whilewearing safety goggles, pumpthe rocket to a pressure of 30pounds. Hold the rocketupward by the pump hoseand vaive. Aim the rocket in aclear direction and quicklyopen the lever on the pumpvalve. The rocket will take off.Pump the rocket up again butthis time to a pressure of 60pounds. Caution: For a safetymargin, pump the rocket nohigher than g0 pounds. This isapproximately 50 percent ofthe industry specifications forthis kind of container.

Discussion;Like a balloon fulI of air, the

bottle rocket is pressurized. Whenthe pump valve is opened, airescapes the bottle, providing anaction force that is accompaniedby an equal and opposite reactionforce, Increasing the pressureinside the bottle rocket producesgreater thrust. This is because agreater mass of air inside the bot-tle escapes with a higher accelera-tion (Newton's Second Law ofMotion). Try adding a small

can be shared among the differ-ent bottles. Is there any differ-ence between the flight of largeand small bottles? Is there anydifference in the amount ofeffort required to raise bottles ofdifferent sizes to equal pres-sures? Compare the volume ofthe bottles with the number ofpump strokes required. @

Hawthorne, M. & Saunders, G.(1993), "Its Launchtime!,"Science cind Children, v. 30, n.5, pp. 17-19, 39.

Rogis, J. (1991), "Soaring withAviation Activities," ScienceScope, v. 15, n. 2, pp. 1,4-17.

Winemiller, ]., Pedersen, J., &Bonnstetter, R. (1991), "TheRocket Project," ScienceScope,-v, 15, n. 2, pp. 1.8-22.

Spring 1996 l3

Scripture verses cited fromthe New International Version

How To Makea Hit withYour ParentsBy Martha R. Fehl

So who cares iI parents Iikeyou or not? You do! Life is a loteasier when you follow the rulesand try to get along with Yourparents. You know what toexpect and so do they. Here are

10 rules that will help you getalong with your parents.

1. Every time you Ieave thehouse, tell your parents whereyou are going and when you willbe home. Emergencies do hap-pen. They need to know where tofind you.

2. If you are going to be late,call them. It will make the situa-tion better when you do gethorne.

3. Thank your Parents forwhat they do. Spend time withyour family. Have fun with Yourparents. It makes parents feelthat you care about what theY dofor you.

4. Give your mom a hug orkiss once in a while to surpriseher and show you care. SaY, "Ilove you." Parents like to hearthe words as much as you do.

5. Offer to help out if some-one is not feeling weIl. Thisshows that you are resPonsible'Parents will give you more free-dom if they know you can betrusted.

6. When you have asked formoney as a loan, remember torepay. Good credit begins athome. When you repay them,they are more likely to loan Youmoney again.

7. When using the kitchen,be sure to clean up vour mess.This goes for every room in thehouse. You live there, and Youshould take responsibilitY forwhat you do.

8. Be honest. A small lie nowwill only be worse later. Yourarely can tell iust one lie. Liesbuild, and then you really getyourself in lrouble.

9. If you get in trouble, tellyour parents immediatelY-before someone else does. If theYhear about what you have donefrom someone else, they will bemuch tougher. They like to hearabout your mistakes from you.

10. Remember that You areimportant to your Parents.They love you very much. TheYwant to help you-not hurt You.You can trust them, and theywant to trust you.

Leader: Read Romans 1:18-32 (emphasizing "they disobeYtheir parents") and apPlY it towhy boys should honor their Par-ents and the Lord, Also, readEphesians 6:L ; Colossians 3 :20.

God, SometimesI WonderAbout Youby Michael Wamen

I never doubted God much ...

until my parents got divorced.Before then I had no reason toquestion what I was told aboutHim. In elementary school,before lunch, we'd pray: "God isgreat, God is good. Let us thankHim for our food." End of story.

But when God let mY Parentsslip up-at least I thought it wasGod's fault-I started to wonder.I prayed and prayed for God tomake things better again. Thingsdidn't get better. I often cried andgot angry. Sometimes I wonderedif God was even listening, if Heeven cared.

I'd test Him at times' I'd say,"If You reaily Iove me, if You'rereally listening, do this...." But Ifound out quickly God doesn'twork that way.

In the Shadow of a Doubt:It's the kind of thing You

don't talk about much. I certain-ly didn't. A year later I went to aChristian school, where every-body believed in God.

We answered questionsabout God on tests in Bible class.But when it came to the real testof life, I wasn't always so sureabout the answers.

If a doubt would come up,I'd push it away. You're not suP-posed to doubt God, I thought.That's a lack of farth. You don'tquestion a Creator of the uni-verse!"

These questions come uPduring life's difficult times:death, divorce, breakups, fail-ures, sickness, tragedy. Maybeit's easier to believe in God wheneverything is going wel1, Ormaybe it's not. Sometimes ourrelationship with God is devel-oped during the hard times,

You might think that if Jesuswere on the earth today, ii wouldbe a lot easier to believe in Him.You could just go up to Him andtalk. Well, the truth is, you stillcan! But even the miracles )esusperformed while on earth didn'tget rid of doubt. People doubted

Jesus just as much then as theYdo now.

Did you know that even thesaints in the Bible doubted Godat times? You probably knowabout Doubting Thomas, one ofJesus' disciples. When hisfriends told him ]esus was resur-rected, Thomas replied, "Unless Isee the nail marks in his handsand put my finger where thenails were, and put my hand intohis side, I will not believe it"(|ohn 20:25). He was a skePtic.

But here's the thing: ]esusdidn't call fire down from heav-en on Thomas. It doesn't evenseem like Jesus raised His voice.He said, "Because you have seen

me, you have believed; blessedare those who have not seen andyet have believed" (lohn 20:29).

You may doubt if Jesus is lis-

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tening to your cries. But remem-ber this: Jesus is always by yourside if you believe in Him.

Help Mv Unbelief(Palrt zJ

Does this sound like you?Sometimes you want to believein God. You want to be sure thatHe's listening to your prayers,that He cares, that His promisesare true. But in ihe back of yourmind, it's hard. You can't get ridof that nagging voice that says:"You don't have proof of God.You can't see Him."

You're not aione. Once therewas a man whose son desperate-ly needed to be healed. Jesus toldhim, "Everything is possible forhim who believes" (Mark 9:23).

Now, this father wanted tobelieve. He wanted his sonhealed. He had heard about otherpeople being healed, but hehadn't seen it for himself. Itmight have been a coincidence.And if it was true, who's to say itwould work for him?

Doubt. It nagged at him, justlike it can nag at you. So he toldJesus, "I do believe; help meovercome my unbeliefl " (Mark9:24).

What a line! It perfectly sumsup how we aII feel sometimes.But, unlike this man, we don'talways admit to God how wefeel. In this case, ihe boy washealed.

You see, it's God who givesus faith. He recognizes that He'sbigger than we and that we needhelp to understand Him. Wehave to ask for the help, though.

There are many more storiesin the Bible Iike that. Theprophet Habakkuk said, "Howlong, O Lord, must I call for help,but you do not Iisten? "(Habakkuk 1:2). And read Psalm22.Ilbegins: "My God, my God,why have you forsaken me?Why are you so far from saving

me, so far from the words of mygroaning? O my God, I cry out byday; but you do not answer."

'fhe author of that poem wasDavid, who was as close to Godas any human has ever been,God called him a personal friend.Then how could David say suchthings?

But wait, there's more. JesusChrist himself said as He wasdying on the cross, "My God, myGod, why have you forsakenme?" (Matthew 27:46). Jesusknows what it feels like.

Leader: Involve the Rangersin a discussion on discourage-ment and how it relates to them.Reemphasize the Scripture vers-es cited above.

Whv Doesn't GodAniwer? (Part 3)

Will God always answerevery prayer immediately andthe way you want? Of course not.Even lesus prayed that Hewouldn't have to suffer theCrucifixion. He prayed threetimes for God to work it outanother way. But the answer Hegot was, "No."

"No one is exempt fromtragedy or disappointment-Godhimself was not exempt," writesPhilip Yancey in his bookDisappointment With God."Jesus offered no immunity, noway out of the unfairness, butrather a way through it to theother side."

God can and does intervenefor us. But in His time, notalways when we want. That'stough medicine sometimes. Youknow all those people He healedback in Bible times? They alleventually died of something,and God didn't prevent it. Andpeople who are healed today alsodie eventually. Expecting God to"work magic" Ieads to disap-pointment.

God gave us a free will. Hewants us to c.hoose to love andbelieve in Him. If He was just our"grant giver," we wouldn't bedeveloping a relationship withHim. As one man said, "Whenthere is no longer any opportuni-ty for doubt, there is no longerany opportunity for faith either."

Waiting on God:Here's how it turned out for

me, anyway. I don't want you tothink God never answered myprayers. There were a couple oftimes back during those darkdays and nights-I rememberthem like they were yesterday-when God answered my prayersalmost before I said, "Amen."Real miracles. And help when Ineeded it.

Looking back i can see thatGod helped me through my trials.But He didn't "magically" fixthings for me. When I prayed,"God, please make my parents getback together," it didn't happen.God still loved me, though, andhelped me through tough times.

Sometimes it's difficult to seeGod's involvement until after-ward. Looking back, you'll seethat God helped you. But whenyou're right up close to theproblems in your life, you can'tsee things clearly. A few days,weeks-sometimes even years-later. you'll see God's hand.

He'll never leave you. Youmay not be able to seb God, butHe sees you. And He believes inyou.

Leader: Involve the Rangersin a discussion, based onScripture. ol how God onswerspruyer in His timing. Allow theboys to share the tough timeslhey may be experiencing. andhelp them understand that God isalways with them. Also, inviteboys to share how God answeredtheir prayers @

Spring I 996

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convert the sun's energy intosugars, which enables themto grow and reproduce. Algaegive water its green color.These plants can be found inmany forms including singlecells, chains, spirals, andstrands. Algae keep the wateroxygenated and can be uti-Iized as food by animals.They are part of the base ofthe aquatic food web.

Diatoms are the grass pas-tures within our miniatureworld. There are many spec-ies and numerous individu-als found in a single dropof water. Diatoms carry onmost of the world's photosyn-thesis. These organisms usea mineral called silica tobuild their glassy sheIIs.When diatoms die they fallto the bottom and their shellsbecome part of the sedi-ments.

by Michael S. Smith,dreo commander, SouthetnMissouri District

ave you ever seen thosewonderful pictures ofour planet earth from

outer space? The world weIive on is but a small part of agreat universe. A single dropof water hanging from theend of an eye dropper is justas vast a world for many tinyorganisms. Through the won-der of magnification, we canlook into this microspace andexplore this complex com-munity.

Limnologists, scientistswho are best described asinland oceanographers, havecollected and identifiedmany of these small plants

l0 High Adventure

and animals. They studythese organisms to identifytheir structure, life history,and relationship to otherorganisms. Life in this waterymicrospace is no differentthan life anywhere else onearth. Miniature plants har-ness the sun's energy, usingthe process of photosynthe-sis* to produce both food andoxygen.

God enabled all life toreproduce itself. Tiny ani-mals require food, oxygen,shelter, and space just liketheir land-loving cousins.Let's meet a few of the organ-isms found in just a singledrop of water:

Algae act as trees in ourminiature world. They can

Protozoans are single-celled animals. They come inmany kinds and shapes.They eat bacteria, algae, otherprotozoans, and almost any-thing else they can swallow.Some protozoans containchlorophyll, which enablesthem to produce their ownfood. Protozoans have severalmeans of locomotion.

Amoebas are able toextend their bodies to move.Other protozoans have cilia,hair-Iike projections that

Continued on page 14

by Robb Hawks, nationalp r o du ction s c o o r din at or

"You can't do that!"Sheldon said.

"And why not?"|onathan snapped back.

"Because it's cheat-ing," Sheldon 1,el1edback in Jonathan's ear.

"No it's not," Jonathanreplied innocentir,. "The sec-tional commander said that wewere allowed to use our com-puters to heip soh,e his riddle.And that's what I'm doing!"

"But ... but ...," Sheldonbegan.

"No buts about it-I'm goingto win!" ]onathan asserted withconfidence. Jonathan's fingerssped across the kevboard.Finally he hit the enter key.The computer sat silentlv for amoment then a telephone dialtone was heard, follou,ed bv a

number of tones as the com-puter's modem diaied a phonenumber and connected to theWorld Wide Web of theInternet. (The Internet is a u/ayin which millions of comput-ers around the world canaccess each other through thetelephone lines.)

"I don't think this is quitewhat the commander had inmind when he issued the rid-dle," Sheldon whispered.

"Just be quiet and watch!"Jonathan interrupted as hetyped more requests into the

computer. lonathanwas trying to weave his waythrough a complex process tofind a certain bit of informa-tion. Jonathan was searchingfor the "address" of one suchcomputer.

The sectional cornmanderhad given the challenge to allthe outposts in the section. Heknew that the 1ocal comman-ders would try to solve his rid-dle a1so, so he had made it verycomplex. It was one of thoseword problems like you get inschool. It invoived how muchpower a generator would haveto make in order to run certainmachines for a certain durationdoing a variety of functions. Anumber of other variablesseemed to make the challengeimpossible.

That was until lonathan gothis "brilliant" idea.

"There I found it!"Jonathan squealed. "Now just afew more commands and wewill have access to a computerthat can solve this riddle in notime flat!"

"]onathan? Are you allowed

to access the computers atthe North American

Electric Company?"Sheldon asked.

"I don't know. I thinkanyone with a computercan access the powercompany's computer forinformation on their elec-

tric bills and such."Jonathan continued to furi-

ously hit keys to access theelectric company's computer,"Besides, we're having funsolving the commander's rid-dle."

The few moments of thesound of tapping on the com-puter keys was quickly inter-rupted: "We're in!" ]onathanexclaimed. He quickly foundthe program he was looking forand entered the parametersto solve the riddle. Thenlonathan leaned back in hischair to wait for the answer.

Suddenly the bedroomlights flickered and went out.Jonathan looked down at hiscomputer. It too had gone out.

"Major bummer," Jonathanexclaimed. "What a timefor a power failure. I guesswe'll have to wait until thepower comes back on beforewe can get the answer tothe question."

The power was off allafternoon, Finally, just beforedinner, the electricity cameon. Sheldon and lonathan

Continued on page 14

Spring1996 ll

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12 High Adventure

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Spring 1996 l3

swing like oars or a single fil-ament tail that whirls like apropeller.

Rotifers are animals thatlook something Iike openswimming bags. Rotifers rep-resent a varied group of ani-mals who have ciiiatedmouths. These cilia serve forlocomotion and spin to movefood into the rotifer's mouth.

Rotifers come in a numberof different shapes, Someplant-eating rotifers must eatfour to five times their weightdaily to survive. Certainkinds of rotifers have bizarrefood needs. Some eat onlydead organisms, others justworms, still others a specifickind of bacteria.

Be glad you are not arotifer! The males live nomore than 3 days. Femalerotifers live much longer.

sters, crayfish, and shrimp.Copepods are much smaller.The cyclops is a distinctiveone-eyed copepod. Its anten-nae spin and create a currentwhich brings food into itsmouth. Copepods feed on sin-gle-celled organisms andalgae. A few copepods arefish parasites.

Water also contains anumber of other larger organ-isms. These would includewater mites, flatworms, andseed shrimp. It's important tonote that bacteria are animportant part of our micro-space. Bacteria act as janitorsby consuming the wastes andcarcasses of the organismsfound in our drop of water.

God's Divine PlanThe Bible tells us that God

created all things. There is nodoubt that a great plan was inplace to create the micro-space of our drop of water. Iwas once asked how I wouldexplain the repetition of cer-tain parts in both the simplest

and most compiicated formsof life. For example, the pro-fessor noted that cilia arefound in both the simplestorganisms-like protozoans-aswell as within our iungs. TheIist went on and on.

You can probably guesswhat he expected me toanswer. However, instead ofresponding, "Evolution," Itold him that this repetitionwas evidence of a divineplan. God's designs are per-fect. A good idea was usedover and over.

Take a look at God's cre-ation. Whether we considerthe microspace of our drop ofwater or the vastness of thestars, we should be ableto quickly recognize God'shandiwork ffi

* Photosynthesis, accord-ing to Webster's Dictionary,is " synthesis [productionor combiningl of chemicalcompounds with the aid ofradiant energy and especiallylight."

Copepods belong to thegroup of animais known ascrustaceans. Crustaceansinclude animals such as lob-

Continued from page 1 1

had spent the entire after-noon just sitting around andwaiting. With the electricityback on, the TV in the livingroom also came on.

Jonathan's dad had justreturned from work andflopped down in his favoritechair. He was grumpybecause all the traffic lightsweren't working. It took himhours to get home.

The evening newsmanreported that a number ofaccidents had snarled trafficfor hours.]onathan andSheldon were just getting the

computer rebooted whenthey heard lonathan's dadcall to his mother.

"You'll never believewhat caused the power out-age, Dear." his dad began. "Itseems that a computer hack-er got into the power compa-ny's computer that con-trolLed the generators andtotally trashed the controlsettings. It took them a1lafternoon to reprogram thecomputers. The news saysthat the power company lostover $1 million worth ofinc ome thi s afterno on.Wow!"

Sheldon looked atlonathan, who just stareddown at his computer. "Onemillion dol1ars," ]onathansaid as a sick feeling hit hisstomach. @

l4 High Adventure

ew people knewit, but Samsonwas one of thegreatest actors ofall time. He

had to say a word.e had to do was throw

t his chest, reach out hisnds, and push against a

couple of pillars, and heught down the house.

hadGold

dal

CORNERacceptance speech. Thencame his time to make it.He was very nervous andcouldn't seem to get thewords out like he hadplanned.

"Friends," he told theIisteners, "when I camehere this evening, onlyGod and I knew what I hadplanned to say to you. Butnow only God knows."

***;

When the minister

one of his members, fi6found the father cleaningthe yard. It was full of ;1toys and bicycles usedhis small children.

"Pastor," he said, "]now clearly understandthe meaning of the seyou recently preached,'When you become a man,you put away childishthings !"'

Thomas LaMa

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oyal RangeI hard on hof Achieve t stopped by a hou-qgto visit Prewitt. New Mexico

11996rllalional

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