Edgar Goodspeed Newberry gospels

7/29/2019 Edgar Goodspeed Newberry gospels

1/44


2/44

LIBRARYUniversity of California.

Gl FT OFk.'^^^/^..

Class


3/44

THE NEWBERRY GOSPELS

oUBMlTTED GRADUATE DIVINin candidacy for the degr

doctor o ' ; osophy(department of new testament languages and literatures)

BYEDGAR JOHNSON G00u^rLLU

niCAGOi V OF (

1902


4/44


5/44

XTbe TUntversitif) of CbtcafloPOUNUBD BY JOim I>. ROCKKrBLLKK


A DISSERTATIONSUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE DIVINITY SCHOOL

IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OFV DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

(department OF NEW TESTAMENT LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES)

BYEDGAR JOHNSON GOODSPEED

JO

'^ ^^:hU*agothe university of chicago press1902


6/44


7/44

/^Of -THE[universityOF


8/44


9/44



10/44

The Department of Biblical and Patristic Greek of theuniversity of Chicago proposes to issue, from time to time,Historical and Linguistic Studies in Literature Related to theNew Testament. These Studies will be grouped in three seriesI, Texts ; II, Linguistic and Exegetical Studies ; III, HistoricalStudies. The volumes in each series will be issued in parts.

Eenest D. Bukton.Shaileb Mathews.Clyde W. Votaw.Edgar J. Goodspeed.


11/44

The Newberry Gospels

BYEDGAR J. GOODSPEED, Ph.D.

ASSOCIATE IN BIBLICAL AND PATRISTIC GREEKTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

CHICAGOTTbc Tllntvereitis of Cbicago preee

1902


12/44

^'^tS'


13/44

THE NEWBERRY GOSPELS.When Professor Caspar Reni Gregory was lecturing at the Uni-

versity of Chicago in 1895, ^^ directed my attention to a Greek manu-script of the gospels, in the Newberry Library of Chicago, and suggestedthat it be collated. The results of the work undertaken upon thissuggestion are here presented.

The manuscript is a parchment codex, of 211 leaves, carefullywritten in a graceful minuscule. It has generally been assigned, onpalaeographical grounds, to the twelfth century.* The parchment isgenerally soft and fine, the ink brown with age. The leaves arearranged in twenty-six full quires, properly made, with a twenty-seventhof three leaves, and measure 13 by 8.6*"" ; but the fact that some quirenumbers and marginal corrections are partly cut off shows that therehas been an appreciable loss from the lower and outer margins. Thefifth leaf of the eighth quire, containing the chapter list for Mark, is acoarser bit of parchment, which has been glued in place; but thewriting on it seems to be in the same hand as the body of the manu-script. The writing is in single columns, unbroken by paragraphs,with twenty-seven lines to the page. The pages are lined in the usualway, the writing depending from the line. Quire numbers are writtenat the lower right-hand corner of the first recto of each quire. Themargins contain the usual Eusebian numbers, the sections in gold, thecanons in red. The upper and lower margins contain the chaptertitles, in gold, and the lesson titles, in red. There are frequentabbreviations, no capitals save in the margin, the usual accents andbreathings, and a copious punctuation. The marginal capitals arein gold. After interrogative sentences the colon frequently takes theplace of the interrogation point, especially when the presence of aninterrogative pronoun makes the interrogative character of the sen-tence unmistakable. Properispomena followed by dissyllabic enclitics

' The hand of the manuscript bears a closer resemblance to that of a thirteenth-century gospels in the Bibliothfeque Nationale, Paris, than to any other with which Ihave been able to compare it. This manuscript, Gregory's 293, Bib. Nat. Grec 117, afacsimile of which has been published by Omont, Fac-simiUs des manuscrits grecs datisde la Bibliothlque Nationale du IX^ au XIV^ sQcle, Paris, 1 89 1, pi. LVI, is dated1262 A. D.

159761


14/44

6 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIESare usually treated like paroxytones. In the marginal capitals anoccasional error of omission or substitution has been made, as willappear from the readings given below, e. g., Matt. 15 : 14; 19 : i ; Luke17:34; 24:22. Corrections are frequent, although not a few casesof itacism and homoioteleuton have escaped the correctors. With thepossible exception of a very doubtful case in Mark 12:1, iota subscriptis never written, nor does iota adscript occur. Old Testament quota-tions are indicated by angular marks ^ in the left-hand margin. Astriking feature in the manuscript is the representation of each evan-gelist at the beginning of his gospel, in a painted miniature, mostcarefully executed on a gold background. The evangelist is shownseated before his desk, each picture, with its decorative TT-shapedborder, occupying rather more than half a page. Other decorationsare few and simple, being confined for the most part to the subscrip-tions and chapter-title lists.

An examination of the contents of the manuscript shows a quantityof accompanying matter. With the first quire begins the gospel ofMatthew, the preliminary matter which was doubtless, as is usual,on a prefatory quire, having disappeared. The first gospel is completein 357 sections, sixty-eight chapters, the number of beingindicated in round numbers as 2,600. Professor Rendel Harris haspointed out that the mass of gospel manuscripts containing sticho-metrical indications give the in round numbers, Matthew 2,600,Mark 1,600, Luke 2,800, John 2,300; and, to anticipate, those are thenumbers given in the present manuscript. There follow, in twenty-seven lines, the subscription drawn from Cosmas Indicopleustes, andnoted by Scrivener in the tenth or eleventh century gospels, Lambeth1 1 78 ; a brief summary of the first gospel, in thirteen lines ; and a state-ment as to the origin and history of it, in twelve. The material prefatoryto Mark then begins. A preface to Mark in twenty-five lines is followedby the list of chapter titles for Mark, forty-eight in all. The scribe hereleft a little space, in order to begin the gospel itself on a fresh pageand this space has been filled by a crude hand, much later, with fiveverses on Mark. A peculiarity of this addition is the omission of theinitial letters of all the lines save the second, the intention evidentlybeing to add these as capitals, and space being actually reserved forthis purpose. In the Journal of Biblical Literature (The AndoverPress), 1890-91, p. 33, Professor J. Rendel Harris has printed a sub-scription of four lines which he found in a British Museum manu-script, Cod. Add. 892, and with which 11. 1-4 of this subscription are


15/44

THE NEVVBEBBT GOSPELSidentical. The subscription in the Newberry gospels, so carelesslywritten as to be almost illegible, runs as follows, the omitted initialsbeing supplied*0] trtpl,iBiBaaKCv*]^ aycipt iv

TjoiTfCKa 6. cmyycXos ^*Ej/oyo' irirpov (.%

The transposition of the first and second vowels of doe notappear in the subscription as found by Professor Harris. In responseto an inquiry. Professor Harris has very kindly sent me a copy of thesubscription as he found it in another manuscript, Cod. Mon. 518(Ev. 83). Here, too, there are but four lines, and these agree with thefirst four of our subscription, save that the Munich codex has iBiSa^evfor. A similar subscription of four hexameters accompaniesMatthew's gospel in both these manuscripts. These facts suggest thatthe fifth line in our codex is an accretion, and this suggestion is con-firmed by the form in which our five lines appear in a fourth manu-script, the Haskell gospels, a large codex of about the year 1500,purchased in 1895 by the University of Chicago. In collating thisrecently, I observed the four-line subscriptions after Matthew andMark ; but after the Mark subscription is an elaborate pause, and thenthe following sentence written twice

tpyov apiTrpcTTCs Ik, TCv$ toBciv

Clearly we have in our five lines a combination of these two subscrip-tions ; and our scribe has neglected to add, not only his initial capi-tals, but also the last six words of his copy. Perhaps he stopped indisgust when he found his sixth line was no hexameter. The value ofall this is only to show that some time in its history the Newberry gos-pels came in contact with a manuscript having such a double subscrip-tion to Mark as that preserved in the Haskell gospels.

The gospel of Mark, with the longer conclusion, of course, appearscomplete in 239 sections, the 234th beginning at 16:9. After a state-ment in five lines as to the origin of the gospel of Mark, anothergroup of verses is encountered. Unlike the hexameters just given,these are in the same graceful hand with the rest of the manuscript.They are entitled s , and read thus


16/44

8 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIESAoyots cts

iv 9-6 iv (?)6The material dealing with the third gospel is introduced by a prefaceto that gospel, in twenty-five lines. The list of chapter titles for Luke,eighty-three in all, follows. Then appears the gospel of Luke, com-plete, in 342 sections. Luke is followed by a short introduction of fourlines to the gospel of John ; the list of chapter titles for John, eighteenin all, is next given ; and, after a second introduction of thirty-sixlines, the fourth gospel appears, complete, in 232 sections. With thisthe manuscript seems to have closed, for the dated subscription, unfor-tunately undecipherable, scrawled across the foot of this last page, iscertainly not by the scribe of the manuscript, and is probably due to avery much later hand. A coarse fly-leaf, added perhaps still later, iscovered with characters illegible even under the glass. The wholemanuscript is now protected by a handsome red morocco binding,done by F. Bedford, London, not later than 1868.

Of the source and history of the manuscript little can be said. Itis briefly described in Quaritch's Catalogue of 1868,'' where it is num-bered 9630. It was bought soon after by Mr. Henry Probasco, ofCincinnati, and in the catalogue of his collection ^ substantially thesame description of the little codex is presented. The book came intothe possession of the Newberry Library, with much more of Mr. Pro-basco's collection, on December i, 1890, and is now in the museum ofthe library. In working there on the manuscript the writer has beenput under many obligations to the librarians for their courtesy andhelpfulness. Since its removal to Chicago, the manuscript has beencollated by Mr. Edward A. Guy, his collation, which has not been pub-lished, being designed, he informs me, to form a part of a larger work,on which he has long been engaged. A brief notice of the manu-script, from the hand of Mr. C. E. Woodruff, of the University ofChicago, appears in the last edition (1896) of Dr. E. C. Mitchell'sCritical Handbook of the Greek New Testament (New York), p. 244

^A General Catalogue of Books^ arranged in Classes, offered for sale by BernardQUARITCH, London, 1868. No. 9630, p. 657.3 Henry Probasco's Catalogue ofBooks, Manuscripts, and Works of Art, Cincin-

nati, 1873. P. 378.


17/44

THE NEWBEBBT GOSPELS 9while a somewhat longer account, with a facsimile, may be found inthe Biblical World, Vol. X, 1898, p. 277 and frontispiece.

The collation that follows is made with the Received Text as repre-sented by the Lloyd and Sanday reprint (Oxford, 1 889) of Mill's edition,as being substantially identical with the edition of Stephanus, pub-lished in 1550. In the collation differences in the matters of accent,breathing, and punctuation are generally not noticed. Thus the writingof the negative before a rough breathing with an apostrophe, ',as though for , and the occurrences of i-n av for, 3' & for, for -, for apayt, for, for ovkcti,

awa for^ ' for, and similar substitutions, are notindicated. The abbreviations are the usual ones, the number at theright hand above being employed to show which of several occurrencesof a word in a verse is meant. The letters " tr " before a phrase mean" transpose so as to read," the phrase that follows giving the order ofthe manuscript.

Matthew 1 14^// | ^.6\ pro j \~pro' 14 |.

2: 1 -{- 5 pro 1 1 uhov pro evpov16 opioid.3 : 1 5 ~ ^7 ^ 6 + 8 pro12 pro | post |-\- 1 5.

4:4 ^ pro 7 v7ray-{- 15 8 *


18/44

10 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES15 -\-6 24 ^ | -\- ante | pro

26 pro 2/ 3 1,.l^ corr 2 10 + -^ antepro iv 2 | j pro 14 proly 1 8 corr 22 tr ....^... 23 ^ pro' 2/ pro-' -\-.8 : 2 pro | corr; prim man irpoae-I 3 + 7' ;/^" 4' ^r


19/44

THE NEWBEBBT GOSPELS 11T^9 bis 26

Iovv 28^70) 29 Bafyd pro SiapTrdacL 32 iau

pro 'I

vvv pro 34^ 3$^9^ 37 pro) 42>) probis 44 iXOa)v pro iXOou |/ -f- >eai 45 pro iav-ToO I /cat* 48 ij pro .13*3 corr \ aTreipat pro7{ 4 7 corr \ S pro | ^^ | kuU | propro 8k 12 corr pro ^ 14^' |-f- 1 5 pro | 6\< -\-

pro 1 6 pro olkoxju 18 pro* 26* 2^ | 33 pro 34/r(t7 36 -\- 39 ^e/Ji^ral-f" * 40 pro42 corr; prim man 44'^^

45 car . | 5 corr? ^2 \ proW 55 pro 57 pro.14 ' 7^'^ pro^ | tr 1 4? ^?

19 eKcXevae pro | corr; prim, man| pro 22 25

corr /? 28 tr iXOeiv 35 '^'^ pro-veyKav 36 iW -f- 'cai/ | pro.5:3 4 5 + ' | pro^ |corr 14 tr eiaiv^ |< car [ 5e |-pro 22 pro 25 pro-29 pro 31 -/ /^ 32' pro39, pro.

1 6 : 2 3 pro [ -\- yviuvai 8 ctTre9 9 ^'''^ ^^ 17 + /* /? 8 pro| pro 20*\ 2124 corr 28 '^; ) pro.7:2 />ro 3 ^ pro ^4 pro^ | tr ^ /iwii/ 5 ^* ~l ^^ 9 ^'^ /''^ ^''' | ^*7)9 12 ^ri* 14 19 pro20 KOKKovcorr; prim mafi 22 24^ probis 27?.8:2 pro 4? .... ^ \. tv6 pro) y-iaTiv 8 pro |corr 9 ^ | corr corr 12 4 pro


20/44

12 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES4 I^ pro 1 3^ pro^ I corr pro ; prim man^ \i\%v pro el? 15 pro 1 6pro^ 1 8 pro iav bis 19 ort 26? + e/ceti^o? 28 el' rtpro TL 29/ 30 corr; prim ma?t ' | -{- irai'31 pro.19:1 eeez/ ^^ e 5 pro,? 9 et 12? | ^ ^ | ^i>rr/ prim manI^/ pro 1 6 ? />ri? et? 19 4-\- 20 tr

24 elaekOelv pro 2^ 26 ^28 pro, 29 ? /r


21/44

THE NEWBERRY GOSPELS 1836+ OTt ante | tr 37 pro.4:2 tr \ * corr 5 corr; prim man h'6 \ pro MeWrjaeTc 7 corr; prim man 141 5 9 pro 9 17 + ante | pro 1 8 -|- et? ante20 iv 24yap 32 corr; prim 33 |tr 35 45 BepaireCa^ corr; prim manOepairia^i 49^ -f- | corr pro iaOieLV] prim man

Icorr pro Triveiv', prim ma?i irCveL.

25:2 ai suppl corr 3 pro' 8 al suppl corr \pro 9 pro | tr 14 -{-


22/44

14 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIESMark 1:5 97 S ev' 13 -{- - pro 19 -\- 21pro\ 22 2y pro ^ -{- ante '-34 | -j- ^6 pro -8{ 37 tr ae 38 e/cet pro | pro

45^, pro,: tr eiarfkOe ttoKlv 3 -\- Tivh^ -\- 6 5

corr; prim man ? y g pro tr, 1 4


23/44

THE NEWBEBBT GOSPELS 156 : 2 Zpa pro Sri \ '^/, pro, 1 1 ihv pro I teal

pro * 1$ ^ 17/) | tJ 20 #cal; 2


24/44

16 HISTOBIOAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES6 eTTOLaev pro 8 tr pro1/\\^ 6 6\


25/44

THE NEWBEBBT GOSPELS 172 9 ihv pro -^ II apyvpia pro apyvpiop | tr evxai-< 1 3 pro 1 4 pro iav 1 5 ^< corrpro ^\ prim man/? iS ig 4^*-{20 e/c 22 19 tr 23 24 pro2g ^lBk | Tr/ao?/ 32 7/./+ **^*^ 33 ^^^


26/44

18 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES

Itr ^yaiTO 41 re

pro ^ 42 pro 43 ~ ^ ^^^^*\


27/44

THE NEWBEBBT GOSPELS 19&>/ 7 ' pro gaxncp | -\- on an/e ovBk lo etpop mantec; prim man evpo 1 1 6\ pro 6\? 12 pro | ^ 13^ pro' 15man reC ; prim man ? 1 6^ pro^ ^7'~'^V*18 pro^ 20 tr 0/ avBpei 21 ro 27 olrro^-\- yap

Iman rec pro prim man ? 28}-

Ti;9 31 clTre 32? 33 /^/ 34 tr^ ^//35--)/ 36 pro 42 pro-vat 45 \ \*! corr; prim man *!? |tr /Ltou 49 ^^ ^/ /?.

8 : 1 1 eaTLv pro" 1 8 eai/ pro &^ | / 22 iy^ero 8k proeyevero 23/ /cal 24 7*^^*'^ "h ^^^'/ 25 tr?;9 ^9 Tot9 * ^? ^ | pro20 avTiirepa pro avTnrepav 27 pro 2g iraprfyyeCKepro YiapriyyeWe | corr; prim man ? 30 ^9pro Tt 317\ pro 32; ^ri> ayc\q 34 7670-1^09 />r


28/44

20 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES) 29 elirev 30/^ 32 34 ekatov corrprim man eXiov ? 36 tr 40 pro ^eXei.II : I :?;/ prim man 2 corr 6 y-\- 8 pro 1 1 ^ pro el 13 tr ajaOa 1 5 post

-\-6 he a7roKpL0el


29/44

(

THE NEWBEBBT GOSPELS 21TTLae corr; prim man -&> 1 7 corr ; prim man aprov 24-? corr; prim man -9 26 30 pro^32^ corr; prim man -9.l6 : I^ 5) man rec; prim man g iKXCirqre corr;prim man iîariv 22 26 evOev pro iirreOdep | 17/pro^ | ,; pro

|< pro < | tr^ | 6(\

pro \ 12 /cat | ctVe/oô/xeVou + ^^ 1 8 aXo7ei'r^9 pro aWo-yevry; 23 1) 24 eh pro lri> ; pro 21 .... 2^27 + 29^^ pro< 37^ corr;prim man 38 45^ /?^ 48 j Trotiy-pro [ pro,0 1 '? /w ^ 8? 9 ""'''*' 27^'

28 pro^ 3^ + '^^^ ;//^ ^ 33 ^^-ât pro^^ | / pro |' pro38 IcTTti/ /ri? .21 : 2 tr Ttva 6 pro 8 '^^ ^ 15 fj pro6 tr | 22pro 24 ' + 30 pro34 pro | pro ^6,

22:3 pro ^^ 5'ro y SicaX^ 12 pro< |pro 8^ pro 19 i7M^^ /''^ ^20 // /ri>/ 26 /? : car 28 /w' 29 pro30 pro 32 pro 34


30/44

22 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIESpro^ pro OuSevo^ 36 pro

|^I

pro| pro 38

pro 39^ 45"^^'''^ 47 ^^^ois pro -\-yap ' 50~'^*?52 pro eir* 53 ^^ 4~^^'^^^'^ 6* 6^66re 6^\.23 : 1 rjyayov pro rjyayev 2 -\- 6 pro-

14 pro iS tov 19 el


31/44

THE NEWBEBRT G08PBL8 286:5 * 12 pro\ 15^-

av7ra\iv 19 ^ pro' 24* 28^ pro2g6 ante *\\ 32 8 pro ^Srb 4645 ~''"^ ^^^ ^^^^ | pro ^2pro *> 54"+"^'' ^^^ "^ 5^ pro 64 V^ ^'HtSct 66 /xc^' 70 '^ 71 / -^* 42ow 44 eV'-f-ToO 46 Tt? ....; 48 ' pro/ | corr; prim man - ? 5 2 tr^ 54^ pro 55"~^7^ ^^ ^^.

9 : 1^ -\- 6 ^ 6 ante *10 4 corr 8 tt/jJ-Tepov corr; prim man irpay-J 9 aXXot' -|-; lopro 15 /col* | tr ^ ?16 20 -\- 8k 21 pro 2^ 2y4corr tr 28 3^ corr; prim man36 + /^' Tt?.10:4 pro ^) 5 8

13* |^ pro 22 / />7> yevero; 4 supplrubr

I

? 23 | pro^ 25 2/-|-3 -\- 40^^.


32/44

24 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES1 1 : 1 < pro ^< 3 -\- | corr

^< -\- g 6 ante/ | | 12orr 15 aWa pro' i8 corr; prim man- 19-corr; prim man- 206 ante ^)? 2\r) ante32 tr eh ? ? 34 pro ^^41< corr 46 pro 47'^ pro 48?54 e/cetêi^.12:2 pro 4 cac 6 pro

12 6 bis i'^ 6a?ite 6 corr; prim manirpoTepov? iS/cal 26 corr; prim man28 -\- ajLe 30 33 pro 34'^ 41 otl pro42 corr 49 pro eBwKe 50 tr ,13:6 pro 1 2 pro 1 3 tr 6' 6 15 pro 1 8 iyco -\- jap 25 e/cet-/? -|- ^'^^? 29 6 35^ corr 36 + | pro^ 37~"^ 1 -^^ -\-.

14*1 pro 3 pro7 man prim< . . . /aou; suppl marg 10 ^^ 13corr; prim man- 14 corr; prim man- ? 23 5^^^'/? 24 TovXoyovpro?? 2/ pro^ 31 ?.15:5 cÂ'''^' î^rr 6 + ante y pro8'^ corr; prim m,an- 14 5 tr /,? |pro 16 pro] | ; pro 19 pro 26-

corr; prim man -.6:3 4 pro [ ^/^^

r^wr/ prim ? y yap -\- iyo) 15 , pro1 6^ 2^ 2/< pro< 33 ^XV^^ corr.17:2 pro) 8 i:i?rr/ /nV;/ ;;; ? 1 1 ^??1 2 t/il ^ri7 |? /r^?? 5 pro20 pro 23^ pro^) 24-

pro.8: pro 2 Bk corr 8 /^ *7;?1 4 pro 1 5 corr; prim, mun20^ /^^ | pro | corr; primman 2 1 pro 23 corr 25-\- 28


33/44

UNlvt::

THE NEWBEBRY GOSPELS 25pro// 33 tr etV 34&7 |aeavToO pro* iavrov | 35 corr 36--O ante *;9 | tr^^ ff ^v 39 tr bis.ig :6-\-6 post' tr viou Oeov kavrov il 6 ante*\' 12' pro | kavrov pro axnov 13' pro Xoyov | corr; print man |^ro 14 ^v pro * 1 6 "ijyayov pro airrf^ayov -{^^

y; corr pro ; primma?i& [ pro \ | pro ^ 20 tr070


34/44

Pre- Syrian.


35/44

THE NEWBERBY GOSPELS 27whole, it may be regarded as a representative section, and a presump-tion is established for the representative character of the same sectionin other manuscripts. This presumption is, of course, liable to modifi-cation in the case of manuscripts, such as , the text of which is notori-ously heterogeneous ; for all manuscripts of admitted homogeneity,however, it seems safe to accept our presumption and to build uponit. We thus proceed to examine the first five chapters of Mark inother manuscripts of various degrees of excellence.

Reference has been made to the Haskell gospels, a large cursiveof about 1500 A. D., which seems from its size and various lectionaryindications in late hands in the margins to have been designed andused for public reading. Despite its comparative modernness, thewriting of this manuscript is very pale, and has been retraced in con-siderable sections by a more recent hand. The original contents ofthe codex evidently comprised the four gospels, complete, but leaves,and even whole quires, are now missing. Of Mark the manuscriptcontains i : i 7 : 24 ; 7 : 369 : 48 ; 10 : 14 1 1 : 33. With 12:1 beginsa great gap, including the rest of Mark and more than eight chaptersof Luke. For the first five chapters of Mark, the Haskell gospelsshow 33 significant divergences from Textus Receptus. Of these, 3may be neglected as singular or nearly so. Of the 30 significant,supported readings, 16 are pre-Syrian and 14 Syrian. The Syrianelement is thus ^, or 46.666666 per cent, of the significant, sup-ported readings. It has already been pointed out that the Syrianelement for these chapters in the Newberry gospels was 42.857142per cent., while the total number of significant divergences in themis 51.

As another manuscript with which to compare. Codex Montfor-tianus (61) has been taken. This is famous as having been employed byErasmus for the text of i John 5 : 7 (The Three Heavenly Witnesses)in his third edition, 1522 A. D. The manuscript probably belongs toa date not much earlier, and has naturally been regarded with somesuspicion, owing primarily to the circumstances of its first appearance.But this need not affect its value for our purposes. Its significantdivergences for Mark, chaps. 1-5, number 78, of which 25 are sin-gular or subsingular readings. Of the remaining 52, 31 are pre-Syrianand 21 Syrian. The Syrian element is thus f|, or 40.384615 percent, of the significant, supported readings.

Turning to uncial witnesses. Codex Alexandrinus (A) shows 85divergences from Textus Receptus in the first five chapters of Mark.


36/44

28 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIESNeglecting 9 of these as practically unsupported, we have left 76 sup-ported, significant readings, of which 51 are pre-Syrian and 25 Syrian.The Syrian element is thus -|-f , or 32.894725 per cent, of the supported,significant readings.A still better uncial, for Mark's gospel at least, is Codex Sangal-lensis (). The excellence of the text of this manuscript in Mark iswell known. For Mark, chaps. 1-5, it shows no less than 192 readingsthat may be called significant. Of these 21 may be dismissed as sin-gular or subsingular. Of the remaining 171, 136 are pre-Syrian and35 Syrian. The Syrian element thus constitutes only 19.824535 percent, of the supported, significant readings.

Attention was not long ago called by Dr. J. Rendel Harris to a ratherremarkable twelfth-century cursive in the British Museum, Cod..892 (Mus. Brit. Add. 33,277), with interesting subscriptions resemblingthose in the Newberry manuscript. A careful examination of itsreadings for the section under consideration fully confirms Dr. Harris'high valuation of the manuscript. Two hundred and eight signifi-cant divergences from Textus Receptus have been noted. Dismissing20 of these as singular or subsingular, we have left 188, of which158 are pre-Syrian and 30 Syrian. The Syrian element is thus seento be less even than in ; for 892 it is 15.957435 per cent., asagainst 19.824535 for .

If we arrange these six manuscripts in the order suggested by thesepercentages, we have the following table :

Haskell ... -Newberry . - .61 - - -A892

The order of percentages, it will be observed, is the order of thesignificant divergences, inverted. That is, in the group of manu-scripts, the more numerous the divergences from the Textus Receptus,the greater the proportion of pre-Syrian readings among those diver-gences. This is, of course, precisely what is to be expected. Thus innumber as well as character of variations from Textus Receptus theNewberry manuscript allies itself with 61 and the Haskell gospels,rather than with or 892. In other words, it is a Syrian manuscript,with perhaps an average admixture of pre-Syrian readings.

Significantdivergences


37/44

NEWBEBBY GOSPELS 29The following table of assignments and attestations (the latter based

almost wholly upon Tischendorf) for Mark 1-3 is appended to showthe method pursued throughout the gospels. Asterisks mark significantreadings1:5 H al aliq 8()

8 16, 33. 56, 58, 258 al3P' vg. Or


38/44


39/44


40/44


41/44

mr^^K'7'


42/44


43/44


44/44

Documents

Edgar Goodspeed Newberry gospels