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    Laparoscopists,American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists,American Society for Reproductive

    Medicine,Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Central Association of Obstetricians and

    Gynecologists, Harris County Medical Society, North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent

    Gynecology, and Texas Medical Association

    Disclosure: Johnson and Johnson Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Conceptus Honoraria Speaking and

    teaching; ConMed Consulting fee Consulting

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