Ecostructure, Self-purification..... of Plankton Systems in Patagonian Rivers and Lakes

8/9/2019 Ecostructure, Self-purification..... of Plankton Systems in Patagonian Rivers and Lakes

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Ecostructure, self-purification

capacities and productivity ofplankton systems in

Patagonian rivers and lakesBernhard Karrasch, Maren Mehrens, Hernn Cid &

Oscar Parra

Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department of River Ecology, Magdeburg,Germany [email protected]

Centro de Ciencias Ambientales, EULA-CHILE,

Universidad de Concepcin, Chile [email protected]


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Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia

Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Introduction (modus operandi)


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Introduction (main focus)


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Investigated Lakes

2005

2006

2007

Lakes:Lago Atravesado (0, 15, 30m) xLago Cea xLago Caro (0, 20, 50m) x xLago Elizalde I (0, 20, 50m) x xLago Elizalde II (0, 20, 50m) x

Lago Riesco I (close to aquaculture, 0, 20, 50m) x xLago Riesco (aquaculture) xLago Riesco II (0, 20, 50m) xLago de los Palos xLago General Carrera (Chile Chico) xLago General Carrera (Costanarea Chile Chico) xLago General Carrera (Baha Jara) xLago General Carrera (Puerto Guadal) xLago Bertrand (5, 25, 50m) x


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Investigated Rivers2005

2006

2007

Rivers:Inflow Lago Atravesado xRo Negro xRo Simpson (Pte Mundaca) x x

Ro Simpson (inflow sewage treatment plant (STP)) xRo Simpson (after mixing with effluents of the STP) xRo Simpson (abajo R. Coyhaique) x xRo Coyhaique (Pte. tejas verdes) xInflow Lago Elizalde x xInflow Lago Caro xOutflow Lago Caro x xLago Caro Cascada xRo Claro (Aquaculture) xRo Condor x xOutflow Lago Riesco x x

Ro Blanco Oeste (R. Blanco) x xRo Aysen xRo Aysn (antes influencia marea) xRo Maihuales x xRo Emperador Guillermo x xRo irihuao x xRo Blanco Este x xRo Oscuro x xRo Polux x xRo de Lago de los Palos x

Los Palos I (Tabo) xLos Palos II (without anthropogenic & tide influences) xLos Palos III (with anthropogenic & tide influences) xRo Boca de Lon xRo Murta xRo Tranquilo xRo Jeinimeni xRo El Bao xOutflow Lago General Carrera xRo Baker location 8 x xRo Baker location 9 x x

Ro Chacabuco xRo Baker 18 inflow Ro Cochrane xRo Baker 19 Ro Cochrane xRo Baker location 20 (Balsa) x xRo Baker 21 Ro El Salto xBaker 23 Ro adis xBaker bajo adis xRo Baker location 24 x x


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Investigated Fjord / Canal Baker

2005

2006

2007

Fjord / Canal BakerPuerto Yungay xCaleta Tortel x


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Methods

Physical & chemical measurements:

Multi probe (O2, T, conductivity, pH)

Inorganic nutrients (NO3, NO2, NH4,SiO4, PO4)

Alkalinity

Suspended solids (total & organic)

Chlorophyll a

Particulate organic carbon & nitrogen

(POC, PON)


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Methods

Ecostructure:

Phytoplankton pigment composition

Abundance:

Viruses

Abundance & biomass:

Bacterioplankton

Heterotrophic flagellates

Microzooplankton


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Methods

Quantification of ecosystem services :

Microbiological self-purification capabilities

& capacities (EEA)Bacterial biomass production (BBP)

Bacterial cell production (BCP)

Phytoplankton production (PP)

Metabolic activity of bacteria (MAR)


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Microbial self-purification processes

Extracellular enzyme activities (EEA)


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Extracellular enzyme Model Substrate

N-acetyl glucosaminidase (chitinase) MUF-N-acetyl-glucosaminide

Phosphatase (acid, alcaline) MUF-phosphate

- or -D-glucosidase MUF--or-D-glucopyranoside

- or -D-galactosidase MUF--or-D-galactopyranoside

-D-xylosidase MUF--Dxylopyranoside

Sulfatase MUF-sulfate

Lipase MUF-butyrate-heptanoate-palmitate

Aminopeptidase l-leucine-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC)

Aminopeptidase Gylcine-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC)

Phosphatase Methylfluorescein-phosphate

Aminopeptidase L-leucyl--naphtylamide


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BacterioplanktonEEA

biomass production transfer

to foodweb

energy production

O2 CO2

final step of the self-

purif ication process

C,CNCP,CS..

Oligomeric OM


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Results and Discussion

Inorganic nutrients: Patagonian waters, 2007

N ORDEN ID. MUESTRA AMONIO NITRITO NITRATO ORTO FOSFATOmg NH4

+/L mg NO2-/L mg NO3

-/L mg PO4/L

1 Rio Murta 0.030 0.005 0.034


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-/L mg PO4/L

1 Rio Murta 0.030 0.005 0.034


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-/L mg PO4/L

1 Rio Murta 0.030 0.005 0.034


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-/L mg PO4/L

1 Rio Murta 0.030 0.005 0.034


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Results & Discussion

NONPOINT

SOURCES

Urban streets

Suburbandevelopment

Wastewatertreatmentplant

Rural homes

Cropland

Factory

Animal feedlotPOINTSOURCES


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Eutrophication effects:

Water quality Reduction of biodiversity

Oxygen consumption

Plankton blooms

Red Tides


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Eutrophication effects:

Water quality Reduction of biodiversity

Oxygen consumption

Plankton blooms

Red Tides


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Average Plankton Ecostructure (g C L-1)

Detritus284.6 (84.7%)

BacterialBiomass

16.1 (4.8%)

Zooplankton Biomass 0.16 (0.047%)

Nanozoopl. 0.15(0.044%)

Microzoopl. 0.001(0.003%)

PhytoplanktonBiomass 35.1 (10.4%)


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Results & Discussion (EEA)


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Results & Discussion (BP)

Results for production quantifications (BBP, BCP, PP) are onlyavailable for 2005 & 2006


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Results & Discussion (BP)Bacterial production rates Region Aysen 2005

sample location

Lago

Atra

vesa

do0m

Lago

Atra

vesa

do30

m

Rio

Negr

o

Arro

llo(L

ago

Atra

vesa

do)

Lago

Cea

0m

Rio

Clar

o(P

isicu

ltura

)

RioS

imps

on(P

teM

onda

ch)

Rio

Sim

pson

((Agu

asaba

joR.

Coy

haiq

ue)

Rio

Coyha

ique

(Pte

.teja

sver

des)

Lago

Eliz

alde

I0

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

I20

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

I50

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

II0

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

II20

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

II50

m

Aflue

nte

Eliza

lde

(Rio

)

Lago

Car

o0

m

Lago

Car

o20

m

Lago

Car

o50

m

Lago

Car

oDe

sag

e

Lago

Car

oCa

scad

a

Rio

Desa

ge

Lago

Rie

sco

I(cerc

ade

acu

icultu

ra)0

m

Lago

Rie

sco

I(cerca

de

acui

cultu

ra)2

0m

Lago

Rie

sco

I(cerca

de

acui

cultu

ra)5

0m

Lago

Rie

sco

II0

m

Lago

Rie

sco

II20

m

Lago

Rie

sco

II50

m

Ro

Cond

or

Lago

Ries

coFish

farm

0m

RoDe

sag

eRe

isco

(Pue

nte)

RoBl

anco

Oes

te(R

.Bla

nco)

Ro

Ayse

n

Ro

Ma

ihua

les

Ro

Empe

rado

rGui

llerm

o

Ro

irih

uao

Ro

Blan

coEste

Ro

Oscu

ro

Ro

Polu

x

gC

L-1h

-1

0.0

0.6

1.2

1.8

BCPBBP


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Results & Discussion (BP)Bacterial production rates Region Aysen 2005

sample location

Lago

Atra

vesa

do0m

Lago

Atra

vesa

do30

m

Rio

Negr

o

Arro

llo(L

ago

Atra

vesa

do)

Lago

Cea

0m

Rio

Clar

o(P

isicu

ltura

)

RioSi

mps

on(Pte

Mon

dach

)

Rio

Sim

pson

((Agu

asaba

joR.

Coy

haiqu

e)

Rio

Coyha

ique

(Pte

.teja

sver

des)

Lago

Eliz

alde

I0

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

I20

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

I50

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

II0

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

II20

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

II50

m

Aflue

nte

Eliza

lde(R

io)

Lago

Car

o0

m

Lago

Car

o20

m

Lago

Car

o50

m

Lago

Car

oDe

sag

e

Lago

Car

oCa

scad

a

Rio

Desa

ge

Lago

Ries

coI(c

erca

de

acuic

ultur

a)0

m

Lago

Ries

coI(cer

cade

acuic

ultur

a)20

m

Lago

Ries

coI(ce

rca

deacu

icultu

ra)5

0m

Lago

Ries

coII

0m

Lago

Ries

coII

20

m

Lago

Ries

coII

50

m

Ro

Cond

or

Lag

oRi

esco

Fish

farm

0m

RoD

esag

eR

eisc

o(P

uent

e)

RoB

lanco

Oes

te(R

.Blan

co)

Ro

Ayse

n

Ro

Ma

ihuale

s

Ro

Em

pera

dorG

uiller

mo

Ro

irih

uao

Ro

Blan

coEste

Ro

Osc

uro

Ro

Polux

gC

L-1h

-1

0.0

0.6

1.2

1.8

growthbalance(BBPv

s.

BCP)

0

6

12

18

BCPBBPBBP vs. BCP

sizeincrease

cell

increase


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Results & Discussion (BP)

BBP 0.002 1.491 g C L-1 h-1 (mean: 0.226 0.261)

BCP 0.008 0.463 g C L-1 h-1 (mean: 0.123 0.111)

Assuming an ecological efficiency of 70%:

- verification of ecological efficiency of Patagonian bacterioplankton

1.491

0.639

direct respiration

Respiration withinthe food web

maximum microbial self-purification amountto 2.13 g C L-1 h-1 (1.491 + 0.639)

very low BP rates were encountered


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Results & Discussion (PP)

Phytoplankton production rates Region Aysen 2005

sample location

Lago

Atra

vesa

do0m

Lago

Atra

vesa

do30

m

Rio

Negr

o

Arro

llo(L

ago

Atra

vesa

do)

Lago

Cea

0m

Rio

Clar

o(P

isicu

ltura

)

RioS

imps

on(P

teM

onda

ch)

Rio

Sim

pson

((Agu

asaba

joR.

Coy

haiq

ue)

Rio

Coyha

ique

(Pte

.teja

sver

des)

Lago

Eliz

alde

I0

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

I20

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

I50

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

II0

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

II20

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

II50

m

Aflu

ente

Eliz

alde

(Rio

)

Lago

Car

o0

m

Lago

Car

o20

m

Lago

Car

o50

m

Lago

Car

oDe

sag

e

Lago

Car

oCa

scad

a

Rio

Desa

ge

Lago

Rie

scoI(ce

rca

deacu

icultu

ra)0

m

Lago

Ries

coI(cer

cade

acui

cultu

ra)2

0m

Lago

Ries

coI(cer

cade

acui

cultu

ra)5

0m

Lago

Ries

coII

0m

Lago

Ries

coII

20

m

Lago

Ries

coII

50

m

Ro

Cond

or

Lag

oRi

esco

Fish

farm

0m

RoDe

sag

eRe

isco

(Pue

nte)

RoB

lanc

oOe

ste(R

.Bla

nco)

Ro

Ayse

n

Ro

Ma

ihuale

s

Ro

Em

pera

dorG

uille

rmo

Ro

irih

uao

Ro

Blan

coEst

e

Ro

Oscu

ro

Ro

Polu

x

gC

L-1h

-1

0

1

2

3

4

PP


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Phytoplankton production rates Region Aysen 2005

sample location

Lago

Atra

vesa

do0m

Lago

Atra

vesa

do30

m

Rio

Negr

o

Arro

llo(L

ago

Atra

vesa

do)

Lago

Cea

0m

Rio

Clar

o(P

isicu

ltura

)

RioSi

mps

on(P

teM

onda

ch)

Rio

Sim

pson

((Agu

asaba

joR.

Coy

haiq

ue)

Rio

Coyha

ique

(Pte

.teja

sver

des)

Lago

Eliz

alde

I0

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

I20

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

I50

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

II0

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

II20

m

Lago

Eliz

alde

II50

m

Aflu

ente

Eliz

alde

(Rio

)

Lago

Car

o0

m

Lago

Car

o20

m

Lago

Car

o50

m

Lago

Car

oDe

sag

e

Lago

Car

oCa

scad

a

Rio

Desa

ge

Lago

Rie

scoI(ce

rca

deacu

icultu

ra)0

m

Lago

Ries

coI(cer

cade

acui

cultu

ra)2

0m

Lago

Ries

coI(cer

cade

acui

cultu

ra)5

0m

Lago

Ries

coII

0m

Lago

Ries

coII

20

m

Lago

Ries

coII

50

m

Ro

Cond

or

Lag

oRi

esco

Fish

farm

0m

RoDe

sag

eRe

isco

(Pue

nte)

RoB

lanc

oOe

ste(R

.Bla

nco)

Ro

Ayse

n

Ro

Ma

ihuale

s

Ro

Em

pera

dorG

uille

rmo

Ro

irih

uao

Ro

Blan

coEst

e

Ro

Oscu

ro

Ro

Polu

x

gC

L-1h

-1

0

1

2

3

4

PPAP / HP

dom

ination

PP

BP


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PP 0.004 3.563 g C L-1 h-1 (mean: 0.471 0.781)

a very low PP was encounteredfrequently the heterotrophic production outcompeted the autotrophic production


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Results & Discussion (Effects of dams)

Impacts of dams on Patagonian plankton systems (risk assessment)

turbulent river

reservoir with reduced turbulence


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Results & Discussion (effects of dams)


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Results & Discussion (effects of dams)


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Results & Discussion (Aquaculture)

0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2

dep

th(m)

- 1 4 0

- 1 2 0

- 1 0 0

- 8 0

- 6 0

- 4 0

- 2 0

0

te m p e r a t u r eO 2 m g l

- 1

p H

Aquaculture shadow (Lake Riesco,approx. 500m away from the fish farm

originating from organic matteroverloads (food pellets, fishexcretions & faeces) and theirsubsequent microbial degradation(=oxidation)

nutrient enrichment by microbialdegradation (eutrophication)

toxic and ecological undesiredanaerobic processes in the sediments

and in the sediment-near water layer


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Results & Discussion (Size fractions)

> 20 m (> 70 %)

also:highest PPaquaculture

eutrophication process


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Results & Discussion (further Invest.)

Ecotoxicological impacts of erythromycin (antibiotic agent) on Patagonian

waters (pharmaceuticals are an increasing problem in all water bodies, atleast in Europe, Asia, North America and around population centres)

Ecological reaction on C, N, P enrichments (land use changes, agriculture,population growth and sewage increase.)


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Perspectives

- continuation of baseline investigations of eco-structures,eco-metabolisms and ecological inventories

- extending of the ecosystem based quantitative riskassessments for the prediction and modelling of hydropower(dam) impacts

- initiating quantitative ecological risk assessments for theexpected increasing municipal sewage discharges (populationgrowth), industrial effluents (e.g. aluminium plant) and diffusedischarges of organic matter, fertilisers and pesticides due tochanges of landuse by agriculture

QQ tit ti A ti E l


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EcologicalEcologicalcapabilitiescapabilities

&& capacitiescapacities

Eco-structure

Productivity

Self-purification

OM degradation.

(1) Quantitativebaseline investigations

(3) Monetaryassessment

QuantitativeQuantitativeAquaticAquaticEcologyEcology

Decision making Management Remediation

(2) Predictive ecotoxico-

logical & risk assessmentThreshold concentrationsEffects kineticsLimiting valuesQuantitative changes of eco-

logical capabilities &capacities

(4) Monetaryassessment

Planned Collaboration Project between EULA and UFZ


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Summary

1) Oligotrophic water bodies! the socio-economicdevelopment pressure could lead to eutrophication

2) Ecostructure: low abundance & biomass of zooplankton(OM consumption on a low level)

3) EEA capabilities are but the self-purification capacities upto 3 g C L-1 h-1 (12 g C L-1 h-1 for leucine containingproteins) are very low

4) a low (up to 1.5 g C L-1 h-1) and unbalanced (towards cellproduction) BP indicating maximum microbial self-

purification capacities up to 2.13 g C L-1 h-1


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Summary

5) phytoplankton productivity was low (oligotrophic!),frequently the heterotrophic BP was

6) the construction of dams will weaken the self- purificationcapacities of the water column up to 58% (Ro Baker bajoadis = loss of a self-purification capacity of 7.8 g C fromleucine containing compounds)

7) Sedimentation of PP up to 98% => accumulation of OM onthe sediments which could lead to high O2 consumptions(microbial degradation)

8) Aquaculture shadow in Lake Riesco => surplus of nutrients(PP) and OM (O2 depletion -> formation e.g. of methane)


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Thanks !

El equipo de Alemania:

Ute Link, Dietrich Borchardt y Helmholtz Centre forEnvironmental Research - UFZ

El equipo de Chile:Cristian Espinoza, Roberto Urrutia,Claudio Valdovinos y EULA

Stefan Wlfl (UACH)


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Thank YOU !!!

Documents

Ecostructure, Self-purification..... of Plankton Systems in Patagonian Rivers and Lakes