Economic Freedom in the World

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Economic Freedom of the World: 2011 Annual Report 25

Chapter 2

Country Data Tables

Tis chapter presents detailed data on the components used in constructing the EFW index or the 141 countries in-

cluded in this study. For each country or which data were available, we present the overall EFW index rating and the

rank o that country or the years 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2008, and 2009. (Ratings are also available or

many countries or 1970, 1975, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, and 2007, but these data are not shown in the tables due

to limited space.) Like all the ratings in the index, these are values out o 10; 10 is the highest possible rating and zero

(0) is the lowest. A higher rating indicates a greater degree o economic reedom.

Chain-Linked Te country data tables show both unadjusted and chain-linked ratings and ranks. See chapter 1 or a

ull explanation o the chain-linked method. Te top row under the Chain-linked section shows the countrys chain-linked summary rating or each year and, in parentheses, its overall rank. In the rows below, titles on the let in bold

ace indicate the ve areas o economic reedom that are combined to generate an overall rating. Te cells to their right

give the chain-linked rating and, in parentheses, the rank or that particular area or each year.

Unadjusted Te top row under the Unadjusted section shows the countrys summary rating or each year and,

in parentheses, its overall rank. In the rows below, titles on the let in bold ace indicate the ve areas o economic

reedom that are combined to generate an overall score. Te cells to their right give the rating or that area or each

year. Underneath each area title are the titles o the components and sub-components that are combined to generate

that areas score. In these rows are the scores or each year presented, where data are available. Shown in italic beside

some scores are the actual data used to derive that particular component rating. For some countries, data or other

components or certain years may be reported even though there were insufcient data to compute area or summaryratings. A more complete description o each component, including the methodology used to calculate the ratings,

can be ound in the Appendix: Explanatory Notes and Data Sources (p. 191).

Data available to researchers

Te ull data set, including all o the data published in this report as well as data omitted due to limited space, can be

downloaded or ree at . Te data le available there contains the most up-to-date and

accurate data or the Economic Freedom o the World index. Some variable names and data sources have evolved over

the years since the rst publication in 1996; users should consult earlier editions o theEconomic Freedom of the World

annual reports or details regarding sources and descriptions or those years. All editions o the report are available in

PDF and can be downloaded or ree rom . However, users are always

strongly encouraged to use the data rom this most recent data le as updates and corrections, even to earlier years

data, do occur. Users doing long-term or longitudinal studies are encouraged to use the chain-linked index as it is the

most consistent through time. I you have problems downloading the data, please contact Jean-Franois Minardi via

e-mail to or via telephone +1.514.281.9550 ext. 306. I you have technical questions

about the data itsel, please contact Robert Lawson via e-mail to .

Published work using research ratings from Economic Freedom of the World

A selected list o published papers that have used the economic reedom ratings romEconomic Freedom of the World

is available on line at . In most cases, a brie abstract o the article is provided. I you

know o any other papers current or orthcoming that should be included on this page, or have urther inormation

about any o these papers or authors, please write to .


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26 Chapter 2: Country Data Tables

Albania1980 1985 1990 1995 000 005 008 009

Chain-Linked Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank)

Summary Rating (Rank) 4.4 (99) 4.87 (99) 6.04 (83) 7.06 (47) 7.38 (27) 7.54 (12)

Area 1. Size of Government 3.51 (102) 6.54 (40) 7.63 (18) 8.89 (4) 9.10 (2) 9.06 (3)

Area . Legal Structure and Security of Property Rights 5.25 (54) 5.21 (57) 4.64 (97) 4.58 (85) 5.46 (70) 6.02 (56) 6.19 (50)

Area 3. Access to Sound Money 4.89 (94) 4.90 (91) 3.26 (105) 7.40 (71) 9.64 (9) 9.40 (25) 9.63 (6)

Area 4. Freedom to Trade Internationally 5.38 (97) 5.32 (112) 5.41 (106) 6.16 (85) 6.50 (70)

Area 5. Regulation of Credit, Labor, and Business 2.58(117)

4.55(99)

5.27(98)

6.03(87)

6.39(70)

6.44(69)

UnadjustedSummary Rating (Rank) 4.60 (98) 4.83 (101) 6.04 (83) 6.86 (69) 7.18 (46) 7.3 (30)

Rating Data Rating Data Rating Data Rating Data Rating Data Rating Data Rating Data Rating Data

1. Size of Government 4.19 6.54 7.63 8.00 8.4 8.0

A. Government consumption 7.70 (.) 7.83 (.) 4.87 (.) 7.78 (.) 9.10 (.) 9.00 (.) 8.86 (.) 8.70 (.)

B. Transers and subsidies 3.51 (.) 7.85 (.) 7.80 (.) 9.70 (.) 9.59 (.) 9.59 (.)

C. Government enterprises and investment 4.00 (.) 6.00 (.) 8.00 (.) 6.00 (.) 6.00 (.)

D. Top marginal tax rate 5.50 8.50 8.50

(i) Top marginal income tax rate 9.00 () 10.00 () 10.00 ()

(ii) Top marginal income and payroll tax rates 2.00 () 7.00 () 7.00 ()

. Legal Structure and Security of Property Rights 5.5 5.1 4.64 4.58 4.80 5.30 5.45

A. Judicial independence 2.40 3.23 3.77

B. Impartial courts 3.94 4.31 2.70 4.39 4.70

C. Protection o property rights 3.40 3.72 3.91

D. Military intererence in rule o law and politics 3.65 6.67 8.30 8.33 8.33

E. Integrity o the legal system 6.96 3.33 3.70 4.17 4.17

F. Legal enorcement o contracts 5.20 5.17 5.17

G. Regulatory restrictions on sale o real property 8.10 8.09 8.09

3. Access to Sound Money 6.5 6.54 3.6 7.40 9.60 9.40 9.63

A. Money growth 0.00 (.) 9.57 (.) 9.50 (.) 8.88 (.) 9.24 (.)

B. Standard deviation o infation 9.64 (.) 9.62 (.) 0.00 (.) 5.03 (.) 9.50 (.) 9.37 (.) 9.75 (.)

C. Infation: most recent year 9.93 (.) 10.00 (.) 8.03 (.) 9.99 (.) 9.50 (.) 9.33 (.) 9.54 (.)

D. Freedom to own oreign currency bank accounts 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 5.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

4. Freedom to Trade Internationally 5.18 5.3 5.50 6.9 6.63

A. Taxes on international trade 5.70 6.11 8.20 8.44 8.45

(i) Revenues rom trade taxes (% o trade sector) 5.70 (.) 5.14 (.) 8.10 (.) 8.57 (.) 8.57 (.)

(ii) Mean tari rate 6.60 (.) 8.70 (.) 8.96 (.) 9.00 (.)

(iii) Standard deviation o tari rates 6.60 (.) 7.80 (.) 7.78 (.) 7.78 (.)

B. Regulatory trade barriers 4.90 6.86 6.90(i) Non-tari trade barriers 4.40 6.27 6.35

(ii) Compliance cost o importing and exporting 5.40 7.45 7.45

C. Size o trade sector relative to expected 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.74 1.20 2.97 2.36

D. Black-market exchange rates 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

E. International capital market controls 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 1.54 3.30 3.16 5.44

(i) Foreign ownership / investment restrictions 5.00 5.50 6.26

(ii) Capital controls 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 1.54 1.50 0.83 4.62

5. Regulation of Credit, Labor, and Business .47 4.55 5.7 6.30 6.67 6.7

A. Credit market regulations 0.00 4.55 4.61 7.90 8.12 8.12

(i) Ownership o banks 0.00 2.00 2.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

(ii) Foreign bank competition 9.00 9.00 9.00

(iii) Private sector credit 5.64 2.83 8.50 8.46 8.46

(iv) Interest rate controls / negative real interest rates 0.00 6.00 9.00 9.00 10.00 10.00

B. Labor market regulations 6.00 5.79 5.94

(i) Hiring regulations and minimum wage 5.60 5.60 5.57(ii) Hiring and ring regulations 6.70 6.15 6.05

(iii) Centralized collective bargaining 7.70 7.20 7.02

(iv) Hours regulations 8.00 8.00 8.00

(v) Mandated cost o worker dismissal 4.80 4.81 6.03

(vi) Conscription 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 10.00 3.00 3.00 3.00

C. Business regulations 5.00 6.10 6.10

(i) Price controls 0.00 4.00 4.00 6.00 6.00 6.00

(ii) Administrative requirements 2.70 3.97 5.01

(iii) Bureaucracy costs 1.00 6.66 6.30

(iv) Starting a business 8.40 9.66 9.66

(v) Extra payments / bribes / avoritism 4.90 4.29 4.91

(vi) Licensing restrictions 4.60 4.82 4.83

(vii) Cost o tax compliance 7.30 7.26 5.96


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Algeria1980 1985 1990 1995 000 005 008 009

Chain-Linked Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank)

Summary Rating (Rank) 4.30 (87) 4.05 (95) 3.89 (105) 4.53 (109) 4.98 (115) 5.83 (103) 5.34 (113) 5.39 (114)

Area 1. Size of Government 4.72 (64) 3.55 (95) 5.02 (73) 6.71 (36) 5.65 (80) 4.84 (106) 3.49 (122) 3.56 (119)

Area . Legal Structure and Security of Property Rights 3.77 (60) 3.52 (82) 3.50 (83) 3.68 (112) 2.87 (120) 5.45 (71) 4.67 (88) 4.80 (86)

Area 3. Access to Sound Money 5.23 (89) 6.30 (74) 4.50 (97) 5.37 (84) 7.00 (80) 7.51 (79) 7.61 (80) 7.01 (93)

Area 4. Freedom to Trade Internationally 4.29 (70) 3.58 (78) 3.38 (100) 3.95 (108) 5.72 (104) 6.32 (82) 5.94 (95) 6.40 (72)


2.92(122)

3.66(122)

5.12(113)

5.03(115)

5.21(114)

UnadjustedSummary Rating (Rank) 4.49 (83) 4.4 (92) 3.87 (106) 4.53 (109) 4.98 (115) 5.81 (116) 5.3 (130) 5.36 (131)


1. Size of Government 4.3 3.5 4.60 6.71 5.65 4.80 3.49 3.56


B. Transers and subsidies 7.84 (.) 8.41 (.) 8.60 (.) 8.04 (.) 8.18 (.)

C. Gove rnment enterprise s a nd investment 4.00 (.) 2.00 (.) 4.00 (.) 7.00 (.) 4.00 (.) 2.00 (.) 0.00 (.) 0.00 (.)

D. Top marginal tax rate

(i) Top marginal income tax rate

(ii) Top marginal income and payroll tax rates

. Legal Structure and Security of Property Rights 3.77 3.5 3.50 3.68 .87 5.0 4.46 4.58








3. Access to Sound Money 5.3 6.30 4.50 5.37 7.00 7.50 7.61 7.01

A. Money growth 8.35 (.) 7.81 (.) 9.35 (.) 8.11 (.) 7.95 (.) 7.80 (.) 7.57 (.) 8.01 (.)

B. Standard deviation o infation 7.70 (.) 8.33 (.) 5.53 (.) 4.07 (.) 5.14 (.) 7.50 (.) 8.78 (.) 6.19 (.)

C. Infation: most recent year 4.87 (.) 9.07 (.) 3.12 (.) 4.31 (.) 9.93 (.) 9.70 (.) 9.11 (.) 8.85 (.)


4. Freedom to Trade Internationally 4.66 3.88 3.67 3.95 5.7 6.0 5.8 6.7

A. Taxes on international trade 7.66 5.66 5.08 3.72 4.95 7.00 6.87 6.90

(i) Revenues rom trade taxes (% o trade sector) 3.58 (.) 6.36 (.) 8.20 (.) 8.49 (.) 8.58 (.)

(ii) Mean tari rate 7.66 (.) 5.66 (.) 5.08 (.) 5.42 (.) 5.08 (.) 6.80 (.) 6.28 (.) 6.28 (.)

(iii) Standard deviation o tari rates 2.16 (.) 3.40 (.) 5.80 (.) 5.83 (.) 5.83 (.)








5. Regulation of Credit, Labor, and Business 3.07 .9 3.66 5.30 5.0 5.37

A. Credit market regulations 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.48 2.26 5.30 5.32 5.54

(i) Ownership o banks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


(iii) Private sector credit 1.74 1.44 1.78 3.30 4.28 4.17

(iv) Interest rate controls / negative real interest rates 0.00 5.00 10.00 9.00 10.00






(vi) Conscription 5.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00


(i) Price controls 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00








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Angola1980 1985 1990 1995 000 005 008 009

Chain-Linked Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank)

Summary Rating (Rank)

Area 1. Size of Government

Area . Legal Structure and Security of Property Rights

Area 3. Access to Sound Money

Area 4. Freedom to Trade Internationally

Area 5. Regulation of Credit, Labor, and Business

UnadjustedSummary Rating (Rank) 3.47 (140) 3.89 (140) 4.76 (138)

Rating Data Rating Data Rating Data

1. Size of Government 1.30 0.00 3.48

A. Government consumption 2.60 (.) 0.00 (.) 0.95 (.)

B. Transers and subsidies

C. Government enterprises and investment 0.00 (.) 0.00 (.) 0.00 (.)

D. Top marginal tax rate 9.50

(i) Top marginal income tax rate 10.00 ()

(ii) Top marginal income and payroll tax rates 9.00 ()

. Legal Structure and Security of Property Rights 3.0 3.34 3.30

A. Judicial independence 3.10 3.26

B. Impartial courts 2.90 3.30 3.37

C. Protection o property rights 4.10 3.11

D. Military intererence in rule o law and politics 3.30 3.33 3.33

E. Integrity o the legal system 5.00 5.00 5.00



3. Access to Sound Money 1.30 5.03 5.4

A. Money growth 0.00 (.) 3.35 (.) 4.81 (.)

B. Standard deviation o infation 0.00 (.) 4.27 (.) 3.89 (.)

C. Infation: most recent year 5.00 (.) 7.51 (.) 7.25 (.)

D. Freedom to own oreign currency bank accounts 0.00 5.00 5.00

4. Freedom to Trade Internationally 7.10 6.00 6.40

A. Taxes on international trade 7.90 7.93 7.91

(i) Revenues rom trade taxes (% o trade sector)

(ii) Mean tari rate 8.50 (.) 8.54 (.) 8.54 (.)

(iii) Standard deviation o tari rates 7.40 (.) 7.31 (.) 7.28 (.)

B. Regulatory trade barriers 4.00 1.32 3.62(i) Non-tari trade barriers 6.70 4.49


C. Size o trade sector relative to expected 10.00 10.00 8.24

D. Black-market exchange rates 10.00 10.00 10.00

E. International capital market controls 3.70 0.77 2.23

(i) Foreign ownership / investment restrictions 5.80 3.70

(ii) Capital controls 1.50 0.77 0.77

5. Regulation of Credit, Labor, and Business 4.50 5.10 5.36

A. Credit market regulations 6.20 6.45 7.16

(i) Ownership o banks 5.00 5.00 5.00


(iii) Private sector credit 5.60 4.78 5.65

(iv) Interest rate controls / negative real interest rates 5.00 7.00 9.00


(i) Hiring regulations and minimum wage 3.30 3.30 3.33(ii) Hiring and ring regulations 4.40 4.60

(iii) Centralized collective bargaining 7.60 6.34



(vi) Conscription 0.00 0.00 0.00


(i) Price controls

(ii) Administrative requirements 2.20 1.67

(iii) Bureaucracy costs 0.50 7.93


(v) Extra payments / bribes / avoritism 4.90 3.47




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Argentina1980 1985 1990 1995 000 005 008 009








5.02(59)

4.85(81)

6.65(22)

6.74(33)

6.17(76)

5.95(94)

6.10(91)



1. Size of Government 6.10 5. 6.18 8. 7.78 7.60 6.37 6.4


B. Transers and subsidies 7.49 (.) 6.95 (.) 8.17 (.) 7.33 (.) 7.22 (.) 8.30 (.) 8.28 (.) 8.28 (.)

C. Gove rnment enterprise s a nd investment 4.00 (.) 4.00 (.) 4.00 (.) 10.00 (.) 10.00 (.) 10.00 (.) 6.00 6.00

D. Top marginal tax rate 6.00 2.00 4.00 7.50 7.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

(i) Top marginal income tax rate 6.00 () 2.00 () 7.00 () 9.00 () 8.00 () 7.00 () 7.00 () 7.00 ()

(ii) Top marginal income and payroll tax rates 1.00 () 6.00 () 6.00 (-) 3.00 () 3.00 () 3.00 ()

. Legal Structure and Security of Property Rights 4.0 4.56 6.03 5.45 5.41 4.50 4.45 4.45

A. Judicial independence 3.87 3.17 2.00 2.35 2.60


C. Protection o property rights 4.57 3.72 3.20 3.19 2.75





3. Access to Sound Money .50 .50 .50 6.57 9.71 5.40 6.90 7.03

A. Money growth 0.00 (.) 0.00 (.) 0.00 (.) 7.07 (.) 9.50 (.) 3.30 (.) 7.39 (.) 7.80 (.)

B. Standard deviation o infation 0.00 (.) 0.00 (.) 0.00 (1198.84) 0.00 (.) 9.52 (.) 5.40 (.) 8.33 (.) 8.50 (.)

C. Infation: most recent year 0.00 (.) 0.00 (.) 0.00 (2064.19) 9.23 (.) 9.81 (.) 8.10 (.) 6.87 (.) 6.80 (.)


4. Freedom to Trade Internationally 4.4 .87 4.9 6.93 6.9 6.00 6.38 5.81


(i) Revenues rom trade taxes (% o trade sector) 3.67 (.) 1.53 (.) 3.40 (.) 7.53 (.) 7.92 (.) 5.60 (.) 5.58 (.) 5.58 (.)

(ii) Mean tari rate 4.44 (.) 4.60 (.) 5.90 (.) 7.90 (.) 7.48 (.) 7.90 (.) 7.68 (.) 7.48 (.)

(iii) Standard deviation o tari rates 0.28 (.) 6.96 (.) 7.00 (.) 6.00 (.) 6.38 (.) 5.72 (.)

B. Regulatory trade barriers 7.17 6.42 5.70 5.94 5.56(i) Non-tari trade barriers 7.17 6.18 3.80 3.80 3.05

(ii) Compliance cost o importing and exporting 6.66 7.60 8.08 8.08




(i) Foreign ownership / investment restrictions 9.06 9.31 5.90 5.17 5.26


5. Regulation of Credit, Labor, and Business 4.53 4.46 4.7 6.63 6.74 6.10 5.86 5.99



(ii) Foreign bank competition 8.63 7.33 8.00 8.00 8.00

(iii) Private sector credit 8.34 7.61 6.09 7.61 6.95 9.80 9.78 9.78

(iv) Interest rate controls / negative real interest rates 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 10.00

B. Labor market regulations 3.73 3.70 3.46 5.94 6.11 5.10 5.18 5.32

(i) Hiring regulations and minimum wage 5.95 4.42 5.60 5.60 3.90(ii) Hiring and ring regulations 3.00 3.00 5.28 2.50 2.87 2.76

(iii) Centralized collective bargaining 5.18 5.18 5.18 5.18 4.83 4.60 3.44 3.32

(iv) Hours regulations 5.01 4.93 4.66 5.55 6.01 8.00 8.00 10.00


(vi) Conscription 1.00 1.00 1.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

C. Business regulations 6.02 6.44 4.90 4.44 4.44

(i) Price controls 8.00 8.00 1.00 0.00 0.00

(ii) Administrative requirements 6.78 2.50 2.79 2.68

(iii) Bureaucracy costs 6.70 7.50 7.10 5.52 5.74

(iv) Starting a business 6.22 4.83 8.90 9.01 9.01

(v) Extra payments / bribes / avoritism 3.16 5.07 5.00 3.72 3.57




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Armenia1980 1985 1990 1995 000 005 008 009












B. Transers and subsidies 8.30 (.) 7.84 (.) 7.87 (.)

C. Government enterprises and investment 6.00 6.00 6.00


(i) Top marginal income tax rate 9.00 10.00 () 10.00 ()

(ii) Top marginal income and payroll tax rates 8.00 8.00 () 8.00 ()










A. Money growth 7.60 (.) 8.14 (.) 9.46 (.)






(i) Revenues rom trade taxes (% o trade sector) 9.40 (.) 8.75 (.) 8.91 (.)

(ii) Mean tari rate 9.40 (.) 9.44 (.) 9.44 (.)






















(i) Price controls 5.00 5.00 5.00








7/142


Australia1980 1985 1990 1995 000 005 008 009








6.96(11)

7.28(10)

7.29(9)

7.26(12)

8.03(15)

7.91(14)

7.89(14)









(ii) Top marginal income and payroll tax rates 3.00 () 4.00 () 3.00 () 4.00 () 5.00 () 5.00 ()

. Legal Structure and Security of Property Rights 7.6 7.88 7.86 8.96 9.49 8.60 8.31 8.









A. Money growth 8.57 (.) 9.50 (.) 8.06 (.) 8.43 (.) 9.19 (.) 8.60 (.) 8.71 (.) 8.94 (.)







(ii) Mean tari rate 7.10 (.) 7.34 (.) 7.16 (.) 8.36 (.) 8.84 (.) 9.10 (.) 9.30 (.) 9.30 (.)









5. Regulation of Credit, Labor, and Business 6.53 6.6 6.56 7.34 7.6 8.40 8.4 8.






B. Labor market regulations 6.56 5.43 5.57 8.40 8.48 8.39



(iv) Hours regulations 3.88 4.68 10.00 10.00 10.00


(vi) Conscription 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00


(i) Price controls 6.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00








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Austria1980 1985 1990 1995 000 005 008 009


Summary Rating (Rank) 6.76 (16) 6.7 (20) 7. (20) 7.04 (28) 7.37 (21) 7.70 (15) 7.57 (14) 7.48 (15)






6.26(27)

6.21(34)

5.91(52)

6.59(37)

7.40(27)

7.28(26)

7.33(25)



1. Size of Government 3.14 3.05 3.11 .8 .77 5.0 5.07 4.85



C. Government enterp ri ses and i nve stment 2.00 (.) 2.00 (.) 2.00 (.) 2.00 (.) 2.00 (.) 10.00 (.) 10.00 (.) 10.00 (.)













A. Money growth 9.97 (.) 9.36 (.) 9.46 (.) 8.92 (.) 9.18 (.) 8.80 (.) 8.96 (.) 8.67 (.)







(ii) Mean tari rate 7.68 (.) 8.00 (.) 8.26 (.) 8.66 (.) 9.52 (.) 9.50 (.) 8.88 (.) 8.94 (.)




















(vi) Conscription 5.00 5.00 5.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00


(i) Price controls 5.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 9.00 9.00








9/142


Azerbaijan1980 1985 1990 1995 000 005 008 009









Rating Data Rating Data Rating Data Rating Data Rating Data



B. Transers and subsidies 7.09 (.) 7.10 (.) 9.44 (.) 9.44 (.)














A. Money growth 8.60 (.) 6.88 (.) 7.58 (.)






(i) Revenues rom trade taxes (% o trade sector) 9.19 (.) 9.19 (.)

(ii) Mean tari rate 7.90 (.) 8.18 (.) 8.22 (.)













(iii) Private sector credit 7.66 6.52 6.50 10.00 10.00









(i) Price controls 6.00 6.00 6.00








10/142


Bahamas1980 1985 1990 1995 000 005 008 009




Area . Legal Structure & Security of Property Rights 6.08 (39) 6.06 (43) 5.19 (74) 6.35 (46) 7.85 (18) 7.64 (20) 7.49 (21)




6.70(14)

6.82(12)

6.90(14)

6.90(23)

8.32(7)

8.49(5)

8.50(4)

UnadjustedSummary Rating (Rank) 6.63 (15) 6.57 (19) 6.49 (31) 6.41 (46) 6.63 (50) 7. (42) 7.4 (40) 7. (40)





C. Government enterp ri ses and i nve stment 7.00 (.) 7.00 (.) 7.00 (.) 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00



(ii) Top marginal income and payroll tax rates 10.00 () 10.00 () 10.00 () 10.00 ()


A. Judicial independence 5.00 5.00


C. Protection o property rights 3.00 3.00



F. Legal enorcement o contracts 5.49 5.49

G. Regulatory restrictions on sale o real property 4.98 4.98


A. Money growth 8.43 (.) 9.72 (.) 9.38 (.) 9.40 (.) 8.05 (.) 8.60 (.) 8.99 (.) 9.47 (.)







(ii) Mean tari rate 4.04 (.) 3.54 (.) 3.00 (.) 4.00 (.) 4.02 (.) 2.84 (.)


B. Regulatory trade barriers 8.01 7.76(i) Non-tari trade barriers

(ii) Compliance cost o importing and exporting 8.01 7.76




(i) Foreign ownership / investment restrictions





(ii) Foreign bank competition



B. Labor market regulations 9.40 9.44

(i) Hiring regulations and minimum wage 10.00 10.00(ii) Hiring and ring regulations

(iii) Centralized collective bargaining

(iv) Hours regulations 10.00 10.00

(v) Mandated cost o worker dismissal 7.59 7.78

(vi) Conscription 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

C. Business regulations 7.40 7.39

(i) Price controls 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

(ii) Administrative requirements

(iii) Bureaucracy costs

(iv) Starting a business 8.92 8.91

(v) Extra payments / bribes / avoritism

(vi) Licensing restrictions 7.33 7.30

(vii) Cost o tax compliance 9.35 9.35


11/142


Bahrain1980 1985 1990 1995 000 005 008 009








6.59(20)

6.54(20)

6.33(34)

6.90(23)

6.50(63)

6.77(49)

6.80(50)






C. Gove rnment enterprise s a nd investment 6.00 (.) 4.00 (.) 4.00 (.) 4.00 (.) 4.00 (.) 4.00 4.00 4.00



(ii) Top marginal income and payroll tax rates 10.00 () 10.00 () 10.00 () 10.00 ()







F. Legal enorcement o contracts 4.79 4.79

G. Regulatory restrictions on sale o real property 9.12 8.53


A. Money growth 6.38 (.) 8.46 (.) 9.60 (.) 9.24 (.) 9.71 (.) 8.40 (.) 7.71 (.) 8.05 (.)







(ii) Mean tari rate 8.80 (.) 9.00 (.) 8.96 (.) 8.96 (.)



(ii) Compliance cost o importing and exporting 8.05 8.31











(iv) Interest rate controls / negative real interest rates 10.00 8.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 9.00


(i) Hiring regulations and minimum wage 10.00 10.00(ii) Hiring and ring regulations 3.20 4.26 4.15


(iv) Hours regulations 10.00 10.00

(v) Mandated cost o worker dismissal 9.63 10.00

(vi) Conscription 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00


(i) Price controls 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00



(iv) Starting a business 9.07 8.81


(vi) Licensing restrictions 9.90 9.86

(vii) Cost o tax compliance 9.60 9.60


12/142


13/142


14/142


Belgium1980 1985 1990 1995 000 005 008 009








5.56(48)

5.66(49)

6.34(32)

7.28(10)

7.24(33)

7.12(35)

7.15(33)

UnadjustedSummary Rating (Rank) 7.06 (8) 7.09 (10) 7.30 (13) 7.3 (23) 7.74 (13) 7.3 (36) 7. (41) 7.15 (43)







(i) Top marginal income tax rate 0.00 () 0.00 () 2.00 (-) 1.00 (-) 2.00 (-.) 2.00 (-) 2.00 (-) 2.00 (-)

(ii) Top marginal income and payroll tax rates 0.00 () 1.00 (-) 0.00 () 0.00 (-) 0.00 (-) 0.00 (-)










A. Money growth 9.78 (.) 9.78 (.) 9.97 (.) 9.63 (.) 9.10 (.) 8.80 (.) 8.94 (.) 8.73 (.)







(ii) Mean tari rate 8.24 (.) 8.50 (.) 8.52 (.) 8.66 (.) 9.52 (.) 9.50 (.) 8.88 (.) 8.94 (.)




















(vi) Conscription 3.00 3.00 3.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00


(i) Price controls 2.00 5.00 6.00 5.00 6.00 6.00








15/142


Belize1980 1985 1990 1995 000 005 008 009




Area . Legal Structure and Security of Property Rights 5.35 (68) 6.19 (48) 5.34 (74) 5.23 (78) 5.04 (81)




5.88(39)

6.48(24)

6.95(12)

6.85(27)

8.79(1)

8.68(2)

8.84(1)






C. Gove rnment enterprise s a nd investment 0.00 (.) 2.00 (.) 0.00 (.) 4.00 (.) 4.00 (.) 4.00 (.) 4.00 4.00




. Legal Structure and Security of Property Rights 5.6 6.19 5.80 5.71 5.50

A. Judicial independence


C. Protection o property rights

D. Military intererence in rule o law and politics 7.15 7.10 7.00 6.50

E. Integrity o the legal system




A. Money growth 8.50 (.) 9.12 (.) 9.29 (.) 9.83 (.) 8.46 (.) 9.70 (.) 9.29 (.) 9.14 (.)







(ii) Mean tari rate 6.60 (.) 7.80 (.) 7.84 (.) 7.80 (.)


B. Regulatory trade barriers 7.10 7.09 7.09(i) Non-tari trade barriers





(i) Foreign ownership / investment restrictions









(i) Hiring regulations and minimum wage 8.90 7.80 8.90(ii) Hiring and ring regulations

(iii) Centralized collective bargaining



(vi) Conscription 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00


(i) Price controls 0.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00

(ii) Administrative requirements

(iii) Bureaucracy costs


(v) Extra payments / bribes / avoritism




16/142


Benin1980 1985 1990 1995 000 005 008 009






Area 4. Freedom to Trade Internationally 5.36 (111) 5.00 (115) 4.95 (114) 4.83 (114)


4.83(69)

4.96(73)

4.94(89)

5.22(99)

5.79(97)

5.87(98)

6.05(96)







D. Top marginal tax rate 7.00 7.00

(i) Top marginal income tax rate 7.00 () 7.00 ()







E. Integrity o the legal system 5.18 4.00




A. Money growth 8.22 (.) 9.32 (.) 9.18 (.) 9.11 (.) 8.05 (.) 8.40 (.) 7.13 (.) 8.30 (.)




4. Freedom to Trade Internationally 5.0 5.04 5.36 5.0 5.1 5.00

A. Taxes on international trade 2.93 2.52 7.60 5.90 6.30 6.35

(i) Revenues rom trade taxes (% o trade sector) 2.93 (.) 3.20 (.) 3.98 (.) 4.14 (.)

(ii) Mean tari rate 2.52 (.) 7.60 (.) 7.10 (.) 7.62 (.) 7.62 (.)









5. Regulation of Credit, Labor, and Business 5.15 4.83 4.96 4.65 5. 6.40 6.46 6.64



(ii) Foreign bank competition


(iv) Interest rate controls / negative real interest rates 6.00 8.00 8.00 2.00 8.00 8.00 8.00






(vi) Conscription 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00


(i) Price controls 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00








17/142


Bolivia1980 1985 1990 1995 000 005 008 009








5.72(59)

6.00(61)

5.80(96)

5.53(106)

5.79(102)









(ii) Top marginal income and payroll tax rates 10.00 () 9.00 () 10.00 () 10.00 () 10.00 ()

. Legal Structure and Security of Property Rights .3 1.67 3.17 5.43 3.43 4.0 3.77 3.76

A. Judicial independence 2.17 2.50 1.77 2.19


C. Protection o property rights 1.65 3.50 1.98 1.99






A. Money growth 7.19 (.) 0.00 (.) 5.62 (.) 6.28 (.) 9.54 (.) 7.70 (.) 5.80 (.) 7.88 (.)

B. Standard deviation o infation 3.81 (.) 0.00 (4769.22) 0.00 (.) 8.42 (.) 8.66 (.) 9.00 (.) 8.90 (.) 7.72 (.)

C. Infation: most recent year 0.54 (.) 0.00 (12336.70) 6.75 (.) 7.71 (.) 9.08 (.) 8.90 (.) 7.20 (.) 9.33 (.)





(ii) Mean tari rate 6.04 (.) 6.66 (.) 8.06 (.) 8.10 (.) 8.60 (.) 8.34 (.) 7.94 (.)

(iii) Standard deviation o tari rates 9.56 (.) 9.36 (.) 8.80 (.) 8.80 (.) 7.61 (.)

B. Regulatory trade barriers 5.49 4.90 5.35 5.70(i) Non-tari trade barriers 4.82 3.90 3.57 4.26





(i) Foreign ownership / investment restrictions 8.63 4.90 4.29 4.02


5. Regulation of Credit, Labor, and Business 3.81 6.0 6.16 6.00 5.70 5.5 5.70



(ii) Foreign bank competition 5.07 5.00 5.00 5.00

(iii) Private sector credit 4.97 10.00 9.65 9.63 9.10 10.00 10.00


B. Labor market regulations 4.73 4.60 3.62 4.60

(i) Hiring regulations and minimum wage 3.09 2.20 2.20 2.23(ii) Hiring and ring regulations 4.90 5.40 2.46 3.66

(iii) Centralized collective bargaining 7.13 7.50 5.74 6.09

(iv) Hours regulations 5.51 4.70 4.70 8.00

(v) Mandated cost o worker dismissal

(vi) Conscription 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00

C. Business regulations 5.47 4.80 4.93 4.49

(i) Price controls 6.00 8.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 4.00


(iii) Bureaucracy costs 3.85 4.00 6.75 6.43

(iv) Starting a business 3.87 6.80 7.35 7.33

(v) Extra payments / bribes / avoritism 5.14 4.70 2.83 3.33




18/142


Bosnia and Herzegovenia1980 1985 1990 1995 000 005 008 009






















E. Integrity o the legal system




A. Money growth 9.80 (.) 9.11 (.) 9.59 (.)






(i) Revenues rom trade taxes (% o trade sector) 3.90 (.) 9.99 (.) 10.00 (.)

(ii) Mean tari rate 8.60 (.) 8.64 (.) 8.68 (.)






















(i) Price controls 6.00 6.00








19/142


Botswana1980 1985 1990 1995 000 005 008 009








6.33(23)

6.00(39)

6.20(40)

7.10(18)

6.98(42)

7.07(36)

7.19(31)



















A. Money growth 9.32 (.) 9.91 (.) 8.00 (.) 9.98 (.) 9.86 (.) 8.50 (.) 8.93 (.) 8.83 (.)







(ii) Mean tari rate 8.12 (.) 8.80 (.) 7.80 (.) 6.06 (.) 8.56 (.) 8.00 (.) 8.44 (.) 8.46 (.)




















(vi) Conscription 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00


(i) Price controls 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00








20/142


Brazil1980 1985 1990 1995 000 005 008 009








4.84(67)

5.02(70)

5.14(76)

5.71(75)

5.09(114)

5.00(116)

5.13(116)






C. Government enterp ri ses and i nve stment 2.00 (.) 4.00 (.) 7.00 (.) 8.00 (.) 8.00 (.) 8.00 (.) 8.00 8.00













A. Money growth 3.26 (.) 0.00 (.) 0.00 (.) 0.00 (.) 8.07 (.) 7.90 (.) 8.32 (.) 8.27 (.)


C. Infation: most recent year 0.00 (.) 0.00 (.) 0.00 (2509.47) 0.00 (.) 8.59 (.) 8.60 (.) 8.87 (.) 9.02 (.)


4. Freedom to Trade Internationally 4.48 .97 4.5 5.60 6.06 6.60 6.39 5.98



(ii) Mean tari rate 0.00 (.) 4.00 (.) 7.60 (.) 7.12 (.) 7.50 (.) 7.28 (.) 7.28 (.)

(iii) Standard deviation o tari rates 0.00 (.) 3.00 (.) 7.24 (.) 7.20 (.) 6.90 (.) 6.08 (.) 6.08 (.)














B. Labor market regulations 4.78 5.30 4.65 3.80 3.91 4.43



(iv) Hours regulations 5.47 6.01 4.00 4.00 6.00


(vi) Conscription 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00


(i) Price controls 0.00 6.00 7.00 6.00 7.00 8.00








21/142


Bulgaria1980 1985 1990 1995 000 005 008 009

Chain-Linked Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank)

Summary Rating (Rank) 5.51 (49) 4.3 (101) 4.58 (107) 5.7 (109) 6.94 (54) 7.18 (39) 7.1 (35)

Area 1. Size of

Documents

Economic Freedom in the World