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Ecology: The Biosphere. Mrs. Yanac. Origin of the word…”Ecology”. Greek origin Oikos = household/home Logos = study of “Study of household/home” Real meaning Study of organisms & their environment or surroundings. What is the Biosphere?. All the life on the planet PLUS - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ECOLOGY: THE BIOSPHERE
Mrs. Yanac
ORIGIN OF THE WORD…”ECOLOGY” Greek origin
Oikos = household/homeLogos = study of“Study of household/home”
Real meaningStudy of organisms & their environment or
surroundings
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATIONS “Ida, please come eat baked beans”
WHAT IS THE BIOSPHERE? All the life on the
planet PLUSthe land
(lithosphere)the water
(hydrosphere)the air
(atmosphere)
BIOTIC VS ABIOTIC FACTORS Biotic (Living)
PlantsAnimals FungiMicroorganisms
Abiotic FactorsLightWaterWindSoil Heat Atmosphere
ENERGY FLOW Sunlight is the main energy source for
all life on EarthProducers (AUTOTROPHS)
Green plants & Photosynthetic organismsConsumers (HETEROTROPHS)
Herbivores & CarnivoresDecomposers (HETEROTROPHS)
Fungi & Bacteria
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Autotrophs
(plants & some microorganisms) use light to make food
These producers are found at the beginning of the food chain
FOOD CHAINS Shows a one-
way flow of energy
FOOD WEBS Links or connects ALL the food chains in
an ecosystem together.
ANOTHER FOOD WEB
TROPHIC LEVELS Producers
Get energy from the sun or chemicals
Primary Consumers Consumes producers
Secondary Consumers Consumes primary
consumers Tertiary Consumers
Consumes Secondary/Primary Consumers
RULE OF 10 Only 10% of
the energy is passed on to the next trophic level
The remaining 90% of energy is lost as heat
BIOMASS PYRAMID
PYRAMID OF NUMBERS
RECYCLING IN THE BIOSPHERE All major components of life are neither
created nor destroyed, they are just recycled.Water – all living things need water to
surviveCarbon – key component of living tissueNitrogen – used to make amino acids, which
are the building blocks of proteinsPhosphorous – essential to living organisms
because it forms part of DNA & RNA
THE WATER CYCLE
THE CARBON CYCLE
THE NITROGEN CYCLE
THE PHOSPHOROUS CYCLE
LIMITING NUTRIENT A chemical needed for growth that is
either missing or only available in a small amount
Algae needs both phosphorous and nitrogen to grow if one of these is limited the algae can not
continue to grow If one of these is abundant the algae will
grow until resources are used up Algal blooms deplete oxygen levels in water &
toxic to aquatic life
ALGAL BLOOMS
RECAP1. What are the levels of organization in
the biosphere?2. What are the trophic levels found in a
food chain?3. What are ABIOTIC factors in the
environment? BIOTIC factors? 4. Where does all energy flow begin?5. How much energy is transferred to the
next trophic level?6. What is a limiting nutrient?
THE END