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ECOLOGY
• Def’n: Scientific studies of the interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms
BIOME • Major terrestrial and aquatic life zones
usually named after the dominant vegetation of the region.
ECOSYSTEM
Def’n: unique communities of organisms that interact with one another and their surrounding environments in a given area
ECOSYSTEM COMPONENTS
• Abiotic resources • Abiotic conditions • Primary producers • Consumers • Decomposers
ANOTHER COMMUNITY DESCRIPTOR
• ni = number of individuals in species i, N = total number of individuals in the entire community, M = number of species in the community
D =niN
⎛⎝⎜
⎞⎠⎟i
M
∑2
AN EXAMPLE • Compare Community A with 1 species, 100
individuals
• Community B with 3 species, 50, 30 and 20 individuals of each
D =100100
⎛⎝⎜
⎞⎠⎟i
1
∑2
= 1
D =50100
⎛⎝⎜
⎞⎠⎟2⎛
⎝⎜⎞
⎠⎟+
30100
⎛⎝⎜
⎞⎠⎟2⎛
⎝⎜⎞
⎠⎟+
20100
⎛⎝⎜
⎞⎠⎟2⎛
⎝⎜⎞
⎠⎟= 0.38
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE���3 DETERMINANTS
• Historical processes • Resource utilization and tolerance • Interactions:
– Competition – Predation – Symbiotic