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Ecological SuccessionEcological Succession
Ecological SuccessionEcological Succession
• Definition of succession: The regular progression of species replacement in a changing ecosystem (= stages/steps of an ecosystem changing as different species replace others)
• http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/climate.htm
Types of SuccessionTypes of Succession
• Primary Succession
• Takes place in areas that have not supported communities before or no life exists anymore
• Secondary Succession
• Takes place in an area that had once supported communities
Primary SuccessionPrimary Succession
• Starts with:– Bare Rock
– Lava Flows
– Sand Dunes
– Clear/cold Lakes
• http://www.hawaiipictures.com/pictures/volcano_lava.html
Primary SuccessionPrimary Succession
• First species to show up in the community is called the Pioneer Species
Lichens and Moss
Native Prairie Grass
SuccessionSuccession
• Each intermediate community that appears after the pioneer species is called a Seral Community.
• Each seral community alters the physical factors of the area
• May have small shrubs, start to have trees such as Jack Pine and Aspen
• May have small animals such as rabbits, squirrels, deer
SuccessionSuccession
• The last community to show up in an area is called the Climax Community.
• This community is stable and permanent. A state of homeostasis has been met.
• May have large trees such as Balsam Fir and White Spruce
• May have animals such as elk, bear, wolves, owls. http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/deciduous_forest.htm
Secondary SuccessionSecondary Succession
• Usually occurs after a disturbance or natural disaster
• EX: fire, landslides, floods, wind, farming
• http://www.sover.net/~kenandeb/fire/hotshot.html
Primary Vs. Secondary Primary Vs. Secondary SuccessionSuccession
• Secondary Succession tend to develop faster because typically there is already a soil or nutrient base present – there may even be some seeds or other dormant life.
• Both types of succession go through similar phases of pioneer, seral, and climax communities.
Primary SuccessionPrimary Succession
Time
Small herbsand shrubs
Heath mat
Jack pine,black spruce,
and aspen
Balsam fir,paper birch, and
white spruceclimax community
Exposedrocks
Lichensand mosses
Fig. 8.15, p. 188
Secondary SuccessionSecondary Succession
Time
Annualweeds
Perennialweeds and
grasses
ShrubsYoung pine forest
Mature oak-hickory forest
Fig. 8.16, p. 189
Oligotrophic LakeOligotrophic Lake
• Succession of lake starts with a lake that does not have a lot of nutrients in it.
• Characteristics:– Cold, Clear water
– Support few Species
– Not much biomass• http://www.satirewire.com/news/july02/viagra.shtml
Eutrophic lakeEutrophic lake
• Process of adding nutrients to a water ecosystem is called Eutrophication. This results in a lake that
• has a lot of nutrients • Is Warm• Looks “Dirty” or “Cloudy”• Supports many species• Lots of Biomass
© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
Fig 10.7 Diagram of bog Fig 10.7 Diagram of bog succession.succession.