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Ecosystem Review
Succession
Succession= replacement of one type of community by another over time.
Primary Succession
Primary Succession=community growing in an area where organisms have never lived.
Primary Succession starts with bare rock
Primary Succession
The Wetland succession that you saw at camp is an example of primary succession.
Jackson lake was formed by glaciers 12,000 years ago.
Lake -> Fen -> Bog -> Quaking Bog -> Forest
Secondary Succession
Secondary Succession= a community growing in an area affected by a disturbance.Examples of disturbances are fire, flood,
clearing land for farming or lumber.
Secondary Succession starts with soil
Secondary Succession
The Old Field succession you saw on the prairie walk is an example of secondary succession.
Old Field -> Hardwood Forest
Pioneer Species
Pioneer Species are the first organisms to live in an area.
Examples of Pioneer Species Old Field: Bunch Grass,
Milkweed, Queen Anne’s Lace
Wetland: Sphagnum Moss, Sedge, Pitcher Plant
Climax Species
Climax Species = well adapted species in a mature community
Examples of Climax Species: Old Field: Maple, Oak Wetlands: Maple, Oak
Duckweed Problem
Duckweed can grow so thick it blocks sunlight from reaching plants growing at the bottom of the lake.
These plants die and are decomposed by bacteria.
The bacteria use up oxygen in the water, which limits aquatic life in the lake.
Carrying Capacity
Carrying Capacity is the largest population an environment can support.
Example: When we were playing the food chain game, the carrying capacity was the greatest number individuals that were able to survive.
Limiting Factors
Limiting factors are the factors that control carrying capacity (they limit the population / community size).
Examples are: sunlight, water, food, shelter, space
Competition
Competition occurs when two or more individuals or populations try to use the same resource, such as food, water, shelter, space or sunlight.Happens within a population (Hawks in Food
Chain Game)Happens between populations (Duckweed
and submergent plants)