
2/83

I( GROUND FOR"II( SOIL AND GEOLOG)III( *ATER RESOURCES

IV( "ICROCLI"ATEV( ORIENTATION

CONTENT


3/83

An ecosystem is a complex system with many parts, both and non-living. All parts of the system are important. If one part of the system is removed, lots ofother parts can be affected.

If a part of ecosystem is missing may continue for a while but in time wouldstart falling apart.

All of the parts of the ecosystem work together. If you do not think about howyour work will affect the land, water or air where you are working, you coulddamage that ecosystem by poisoning the land or water, removing plants andtrees or killing the fish, insects, birds and animals that live there.

I !"#$%&!I#


4/83

A +or,ation or geologi'al +or,ation is t%e +un a,entalunit o+ lit%ostratigra#%&( A +or,ation 'onsists o+ a

'ertain nu,!er o+ ro'$ strata C t%at %ave a'o,#ara!le lit%olog&- +a'ies or ot%er si,ilar#ro#erties( For,ations are not e.ne on t%e t%i'$nesso+ t%e ro'$ strata t%e& 'onsist o+ an t%e t%i'$ness o+

i/erent +or,ations 'an t%ere+ore var& 0i el&(

T%e 'on'e#t o+ +or,all& e.ne la&ers or strata is'entral to t%e geologi' is'i#line o+ stratigra#%&(For,ations 'an !e ivi e into ,e,!ers an aret%e,selves +re uentl& #ar'elle toget%er in grou#s(

GROUND FOR"


5/83

A geologi' 'ross se'tion o+ t%e Gran Can&on(2la'$ nu,!ers 'orres#on to grou#s o+

+or,ations an 0%ite nu,!ers 'orres#on to+or,ations


6/83

Groun +or,ation is to !e 'onsi ere in sitesele'tion or regar ing t%e evelo#,ent o+ an&

site( T%e sur+a'e +eatures o+ a #lot o+ lan - 0%i'%in3uen'es 0%ere an %o0 to !uil aevelo#e,ent site(


7/83

To stu & t%e res#onse o+ a !uil ing esign to t%eto#ogra#%& o+ a site se'tions or a site- 0e 'an

use a series i+ site sele'tion or a site #lan 0it%'ontour lines(

Contour lines are i,iginar& lines 4oining #oints o+

e ual elevation a!ove a atu, or !en'% ,ar$t%e tra4e'tor& o+ ea'% 'ontour lines in i'ates t%es%a#e o+ t%e lan +or,ation at t%at elevation(


8/83

Patterned Ground is t%e istin't- an o+ten s&,,etri'al geo,etri' s%a#es

+or,e !& groun ,aterial in #erigla'ial regions(


9/83

Tes o+ #atterne

grounPatterne groun 'an !e +oun in a variet& o+ +or,s(

Pol&gons6 'an +or, eit%er in #er,a+rost areas or in areast%at are a/e'te !& seasonal +rost(Cir'les range in si7e +ro, a +e0 'enti,eters to several,eters in ia,eter(Ste#s 'an !e evelo#e +ro, 'ir'les an #ol&gons( T%is

+or, o+ #atterne groun is generall& a terra'e6li$e+eature t%at %as a !or er o+ eit%er larger stones orvegetation on t%e o0nslo#e si e- an 'an 'onsist o+eit%er sorte or unsorte ,aterial( Stripes are lines o+ stones- vegetation- an 8or soil


10/83

POL)GONCIRCLE


11/83

Soil

Soil is t%e ,i9ture o+ ,inerals- organi',atter- gases- li ui s- an t%e ,&ria o+

organis,s t%at toget%er su##ort #lant li+e(


12/83

Soil

Soil serves as a +oun ation +or ,ost'onstru'tion #ro4e'ts(

Soil is inti,atel& tie to our urgent nee to#rovi e +oo +or ourselves an +orage +or ourani,als(


13/83

TesSan - Silt- Cla&- an Loa,(


14/83


15/83

Iloilo


16/83


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25/83

RELEVANT SOILSPECIFICATION SECTIONS:


26/83

Su!sur+a'e

Investigation

Si Cl i


27/83

Site Clearing;stri##ing s #resent an to 'ure t%e tur!i taste or,u taste- re,ove 'la&- salts- iron et'( 'o,,onl& use '%e,i'alis '%lorine(FILTRATION6 0ater are .ltere on various #ro'esses- so as to

re,ove t%e #arti'les o+ vegeta!le ,atter- ,u - an ot%er#arti'les o+ ,atter #resent in t%e 0ater- ,ost 'o,,onl& use,aterials are san an gravel(AERATION6 ra0 0ater is ,a e to #ass on #i#es o+ tin& sieves ane9#ose to air o+ .ne ,ist(

"ET?ODS OF PURIFICATION AND TREAT"ENT OF *ATER


50/83

A sour'es o+ 0ater t%at areuse+ul or #otentiall& use+ul(Uses o+ 0aterin'lu e agri'ultural-in ustri

al- %ouse%ol - re'reationalan environ,ental a'tivities( T%e ,a4orit& o+ %u,anuses re uire +res% 0ater(It is #er'ent o+ t%e0ater on t%e Eart% is salt

0ater an onl& t%ree#er'ent is +res% 0ater@slig%tl& over t0o t%ir s o+t%is is +ro7enin gla'iers an #olar i'e'a#s(

*ATER RESOURCES

A gra#%i'al istri!ution o+ t%e lo'ations o+0ater on Eart%( Onl& H o+ t%e eart% s 0ateris +res% 0ater( "ost o+ it in i'e'a#s angla'iers ; H= an groun 0ater ; H=-0%ile all la$es- rivers an s0a,#s 'o,!ineonl& a''ount +or a s,all +ra'tion o+ ( H o+t%e Eart% s total +res%0ater reserves(


51/83

Under ri,er 1o& T%roug%out t%e 'ourse o+ a river- t%e total

volu,e o+ 0ater trans#orte o0nstrea, 0illo+ten !e a 'o,!ination o+ t%e visi!le +ree 0ater3o0 toget%er 0it% a su!stantial 'ontri!ution3o0ing t%roug% su!6sur+a'e ro'$s an gravels

t%at un erlie t%e river an its 3oo #lain 'allet%e %or%ei' 7one (

SOURCES OF FRES? *ATER

/ORLD /ATER SUPPL! AND
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyporheic_zonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyporheic_zonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyporheic_zonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyporheic_zone


52/83

Foo an 0ater are t0o !asi' %u,an nee s( ?o0ever- glo!al 'overage +ro,K K in i'ate t%at- o+ ever& 1 #eo#le:

roug%l& %ave a 'onne'tion to a #i#e 0ater su##l& at %o,e

,a$e use o+ so,e ot%er sort o+ i,#rove 0ater su##l&- su'% as a#rote'te 0ell or #u!li' stan #i#e@K are unserve @In a ition- M out o+ ever& 1 #eo#le live 0it%out i,#rove sanitation(At Eart% Su,,it K K govern,ents a##rove a Plan o+ A'tion to:?alve !& K 1 t%e #ro#ortion o+ #eo#le una!le to rea'% or a/or sa+e

rin$ing 0ater( T%e Glo!al *ater Su##l& an Sanitation Assess,ent KRe#ort ;G*SSAR= e.nes Reasona!le a''ess to 0ater as at least K liters#er #erson #er a& +ro, a sour'e 0it%in one $ilo,eter o+ t%e user>s %o,e(?alve t%e #ro#ortion o+ #eo#le 0it%out a''ess to !asi' sanitation( T%eG*SSR e.nes 2asi' sanitation as #rivate or s%are !ut not #u!li'

is#osal s&ste,s t%at se#arate 0aste +ro, %u,an 'onta't(

/ORLD /ATER SUPPL! ANDDISTRI0UTION


53/83

"i'ro'li,ate re+ers to ver& lo'alise 0eat%er'on itions aroun !uil ings or s,all

neig%!our%oo 'lusters(A %i)ro)li%ate is a lo'al at,os#%eri' 7one0%ere t%e 'li,ate i/ers +ro, t%e surroun ingarea(

"i'ro'li,ati' #%eno,ena are lo'alise at t%es'ale o+ !uil ing or !uil ing 'luster an in'lu eair ,ove,ent- #re'i#itation- an te,#erature(

ICROCLI ATE


54/83

2uil ing lo'ation an geo,etr& 'an a/e't,i'ro'li,ate es#e'iall& in ense ur!an areas0%ere air ,ove,ent 'an !e istorte to +or,0a$e an o0n0as% #%eno,ena t%at re u'e t%elivea!ilit& o+ e9ternal s#a'e(

Tall !uil ings 'reate t%eir o0n ,i'ro'li,ate- !ot%!& overs%a o0ing large areas an !& '%annelling

strong 0in s to groun level( *in e/e'ts arountall !uil ings are assesse as #art o+ a,i'ro'li,ate stu &(

T%e te o+ soil +oun in an area 'an also a/e't

,i'ro'li,ates( For e9a,#le- soils %eav& in 'la&'an a't li$e #ave,ent- ,o erating t%e neargroun te,#erature( On t%e ot%er %an @ i+ soil%as ,an& air #o'$ets- t%en t%e %eat 'oul !etra##e un erneat% t%e to#soil- resulting in t%ein'rease #ossi!ilit& o+ +rost at groun level(


55/83

U#lan regionsU#lan areas %ave a s#e'i.' te o+ 'li,ate

t%at is nota!l& i/erent +ro, t%e surroun inglo0er levels( Te,#erature usuall& +alls 0it%%eig%t at a rate o+ !et0een an 1 C #er1- ,etres- e#en ing on t%e %u,i it& o+ t%eair(

T)PES OF ENVIRON"ENT ON T?EEART?>S SURFACE

*inter s'ene on Dart,oor- Devon


56/83

Coastal regions T%e 'oastal 'li,ate is in3uen'e !& !ot% t%e

lan an sea !et0een 0%i'% t%e 'oast +or,s a!oun ar&( T%e t%er,al #ro#erties o+ 0ater are su'%t%at t%e sea ,aintains a relativel& 'onstant a& to

a& te,#erature 'o,#are 0it% t%e lan ( T%e seaalso ta$es a long ti,e to %eat u# uring t%e

su,,er ,ont%s an - 'onversel&- a long ti,e to'ool o0n uring t%e 0inter(

Coastal ,i'ro'li,ates is#la& i/erent'%ara'teristi's e#en ing on 0%ere t%e& o''ur on

t%e eart%>s sur+a'e(


57/83

In t%e tro#i'sSea te,#eratures '%ange little an t%e

'oastal 'li,ate e#en s on t%e e/e'ts 'ause!& t%e a&ti,e %eating an nig%t6ti,e 'ooling o+t%e lan ( T%is involves t%e evelo#,ent o+ a!ree7e +ro, o/ t%e sea ;sea !ree7e= +ro, late

,orning an +ro, o/ t%e lan ;lan !ree7e=uring t%e nig%t( T%e tro#i'al 'li,ate iso,inate !& 'onve'tive s%o0ers an

t%un erstor,s t%at 'ontinue to +or, over t%esea !ut onl& evelo# over lan uring t%e a&(As a 'onse uen'e- s%o0ers are less li$el& to +allon 'oasts t%an eit%er t%e sea or t%e lan (


58/83

Forest Tro#i'al rain+orests 'over onl& a!out H o+

Eart%>s lan sur+a'e- !ut it is !elieve t%e& %ave asigni.'ant e/e't on t%e trans+er o+ 0ater va#our tot%e at,os#%ere( T%is is ue to a #ro'ess $no0n aseva#otrans#iration +ro, t%e leaves o+ t%e +oresttrees(

Te,#erate +orest inGer,an&

U ! i


59/83

Ur!an regions*%at is an ur!an ,i'ro'li,ate T%e ta!le !elo0

su,,arises so,e o+ t%e i/eren'es in various

0eat%er ele,ents in ur!an areas 'o,#are 0it%rural lo'ations(

Co,#arisons o+ ur!an an rural

,i'ro'li,ates(


60/83

Ur!an 0in s

Tall !uil ings 'an signi.'antl& istur! air3o0sover ur!an areas- an even a !uil ing 1 ,etres orso %ig% 'an e3e't an slo0 o0n t%e +aster u##er6at,os#%ere 0in s( T%e net result is t%at ur!anareas- in general- are less 0in & t%an surroun ingrural areas(

?o0ever- t%e Qo 'e uarter> o+ larger'onur!ations 'an !e 0in ier- 0it% uite ,ar$egusts( T%is is t%e result o+ t%e in'rease sur+a'eroug%ness t%at t%e ur!an s$&line 'reates- lea ing to

strong vorti'es an e ies( In so,e 'ases- t%ese+aster- tur!ulent 0in s are +unnelle in !et0een!uil ings- #ro u'ing a venturi e/e't- s0irling u#litter an ,a$ing 0al$ing along t%e #ave,ents

uite i 'ul


61/83

A 0ell6'onsi ere ,i'ro'li,ati' strateg& in t%e esign o+!uil ings an ur!an s#a'e- %el# re u'e e9#osure an to'ontri!ute to t%e su''ess o+ 0ell use e9ternal s#a'e(

Care+ul attention to !uil ing +or, 'an ensure t%at #otentiall&%ar,+ul 0in e/e'ts are ,itigate aroun tall !uil ings(

T%e use o+ s%elter !elts- !ot% natural an 'onstru'te re u'ee9#osure to t%e +a'es o+ !uil ings t%ere+ore re u'inge9'essive %eat loss an #rote'ting e9ternal .nis%es +ro,#re,ature eterioration("i'ro'li,ate is a 'riti'al esign issue +or !ot% ar'%ite'turean lan s'a#e ar'%ite'ture is'i#lines an a s%aresensi!ilit& en'ourages e/e'tive trans i'i#linar& an'ross is'i#linar& 'olla!oration(

/H! USE ICROCLI ATEDESIGN2

/HEN TO USE A


62/83

Designing +or ,i'ro'li,ate is relevant #arti'ularl&in is#erse - lo0 ensit& settle,ents(Conversel&- it is also vital to 'onsi er in enseur!an areas 0it% a 0i e variet& o+ !uil ing #lan+or, an %eig%t( Pro#osals t%at in'lu e e9ternala,enit& an re'reational s#a'e are relevant(

/HEN TO USE AICROCLI ATIC STRATEG!2


63/83

3ey (oints4Consi er !uil ing +or, to #rote't e9ternal s#a'es in'lu ing 'ourt&ar

'on.gurationsTall !uil ings 'an !ene.t +ro, an aero &na,i' +or, in'lu ing si,#le

,easures su'% as s,oot%e o/ 'orners( Fa'a es t%at are ,o elle re u'et%e i,#a't o+ o0n0as% vorte9 e/e't(

Plante 0in !rea$s are ,ost e/e'tive in re u'ing e9#osure to anaroun !uil ings(

Avoi $ata!ati' ; o0n%ill= 0in s 'arr&ing %ig% ensit& air o0n a slo#e(Avoi #la'ing a !uil ing eit%er in +rost #o'$ets or alternativel& on

e9#ose %illto# lo'ations( Use to#ogra#%& to s%elter a !uil ing(Avoi #la'ing a !uil ing eit%er in +rost #o'$ets or alternativel& on

e9#ose %illto# lo'ations( Use to#ogra#%& to s%elter a !uil ing(Use te'%ni ues su'% as #lante +a'a es an eart% !er,ing to #rote't

!uil ings +or, 0in e9#osure(

Ho& to use i)ro)li%ate Design2

Rules o+ t%u,!

Gui an'e on t%e siting o+ !uil ings innon ur!an lo'ations(


64/83

Using !uil ing ele,ents to #rote'tagainst e9#osure(


65/83

Ste# 1: T%ere is no single esign #ro'e ure to esign+or ,i'ro'li,ate( ?o0ever- etaile $no0le ge o+ site-'onte9t an surroun ing environ,ental 'on itions is

'riti'al( Designers s%oul 'olle't in+or,ation regar ingto#ogra#%&- %& rolog&- e9isting #lanting- sun #at%s-an t%e +or, an #osition o+ e9isting !uil ings( T%e#rogra,,e o+ t%e #ro#osal s%oul !e 'learl&

evelo#e to as'ertain t%e i,#ortan'e o+ e9ternal

s#a'e +or a,enit& an re'reational use(Ste# K: Criti'al ,i'ro'li,ati' e/e'ts s%oul !ei enti.e an #rioritise ( T%e ar'%ite'tural #ro#osals%oul res#on to t%is(

Design Pro'e ure:


66/83

Ste# : Res#onses var& 0i el& e#en ing onlo'ation an #rogra,,e( ?o0ever- 'onsi erations%oul !e given to t%e use o+ !uil ing +or, to a/or#rote'tion +or e9a,#le in t%e +or,ation o+'ourt&ar s- or o#enings to lee0ar si e o+!uil ings( To#ogra#%& an #lanting s%oul !e'onsi ere to ,itigate t%e e/e'ts o+ e9#osurearoun !uil ings t%roug% t%e use o+ s%elter !eltsan eart% !er,ing an ,oun ing(Ste# M: In ense ur!an areas- #rote'te 7ones to !e+or,e !& 'ano#ies at groun level( 2uil ing +or,ss%oul !e esigne to retar e/e'ts su'% as

o0n0as% vorte9 an 0a$e e/e'ts t%at 'ana''elerate 0in s#ee ( T%is 'an !e a'%ievet%roug% so+tening 'orners o+ !uil ings an#ro u'ing %ig%l& ,o elle +a'a es(

Ar'%aeolin$ !& E 0ar Cullinan Ar'%ite'ts is a goo e9a,#le o+ s%eltering e9#osee9ternal s#a'e 0it% groun 0or$s(

So,e straig%t+or0ar #rin'i#les +or t%e esign o+a si,#le !uil ing(


67/83

Design +or orientation is a +un a,ental ste# toensure t%at !uil ings 0or$ 0it% t%e #assage o+

t%e sun a'ross t%e s$&( Bno0le ge o+ sun#at%s+or an& site is +un a,ental in esign !uil ing+a'a es to let in lig%t an #assive solar gain-as 0ell as re u'ing glare an over%eating tot%e !uil ing interior( It is i,#ortant tore,e,!er t%at t%e #osition o+ t%e sun in t%es$& is &na,i'- '%anging a''or ing to ti,e o+

a&- ti,e o+ &ear an t%e site>s latitu e(

ORIENTATION


68/83

*ell6orientate !uil ings ,a9i,i7e a& lig%tingt%roug% !uil ing +a'a es re u'ing t%e nee +or

arti.'ial lig%ting(So,e tologies es#e'iall& %ousing 'an !e7one to ensure i/erent +un'tional uses re'eivesunlig%t at i/erent ti,es o+ t%e a&(A 'are+ul strateg& 'an also ,itigate over%eatingan glare 0%en sunlig%t is e9'essive( )ou s%oul$no0 %o0 t%e sun intera'ts 0it% &our !uil ing in%ig% su,,er an t%e e#t%s o+ 0inter(

*?) CONSIDER 2UILDINGORIENTATION

LA)OUT AND ORIENTATION "UST 2E


69/83

On t%is #age:Orientation +or #assive %eating an 'ooling

C%oosing a site2uil ing lo'ationLa&outOver'o,ing o!sta'les

Orientation- la&out an lo'ation on site 0ill allin3uen'e t%e a,ount o+ sun a !uil ing re'eives ant%ere+ore its &ear6roun te,#eratures an 'o,+ort(

Ot%er 'onsi erations in'lu e a''ess to vie0s an'ooling !ree7es(

LA)OUT AND ORIENTATION UST 2ECONSIDERED FRO" T?E 2EGINNING OF T?E

DESIGN PROCESS


70/83

Orientation an la&out 0ill also !e in3uen'e!& to#ogra#%&- 0in s#ee an ire'tion- t%esite>s relations%i# 0it% t%e street- t%e lo'ationo+ s%a e ele,ents su'% as trees anneig%!oring !uil ingsan ve%i'le a''ess an#ar$ing(


71/83

For ,a9i,u, solar gain- a !uil ing 0ill !e lo'ate -oriente an esigne to ,a9i,i7e 0in o0 area+a'ing nort% ;or 0it%in K egrees o+ nort%=Orientation +or solar gain 0ill also e#en on ot%er+a'tors su'% as #ro9i,it& to neig%!oring !uil ingsan trees t%at s%a e t%e site(For solar gain- as 0ell as 'onsi ering lo'ation-

orientation an 0in o0 si7e an #la'e,ent- it is alsoi,#ortant to 'onsi er t%e t%er,al #er+or,an'e ansolar %eat gain e 'ien'& o+ t%e gla7ing unit itsel+

ORIENTATION FOR PASSIVE?EATING AND COOLING


72/83

I%(ortant )onsiderations o$ solar gain $or(assi,e heating is i%(ortant

NoiseDa&lig%ting#rote'tion +ro, #revailing 0in sa''ess to !ree7es +or ventilations%a e to #revent su,,er over%eating an glareVie0sPriva'&A''ess

in oor8out oor 3o0o0ners> #re+eren'es'ovenants an #lanning restri'tions(


73/83

Passi,e )ooling is %ore o$ a (riority than(assi,e heating - t%e !uil ing s%oul !e

oriente to ta$e a vantage o+ #revailing !ree7es(

E/e'tive solar orientation re uires a gooun erstan ing o+ sun #at%s at t%e site at

i/erent ti,es o+ t%e &ear(


74/83

I+ a site is not suita!le +or #assive esign- so,eele,ents o+ t%e #assive esign et%os ,a& not 0or$in +avour o+ e 'ien'& an 'o,+ort(

T%e ,ost i,#ortant +a'tor is t%e a,ount o+ sun t%esite re'eives- as a site t%at re'eives little or nosunlig%t 'annot !e use +or #assive solar esign(A 3at site 0ill generall& %ave goo sunlig%t a''ess

an&0%ere- !ut a sout%6+a'ing slo#e or a sitea 4a'ent to a tall !uil ing or su!stantial #lantingon t%e nort%ern si e- 0ill not re'eive goo solara''ess(

C?OOSING A SITE


75/83

AN IDEAL SITE FOR PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN *ILL:

2e 3at or nort%6slo#ing2e +ree o+ o!stru'tions to t%e nort% ;an !eunli$el& to !e !uilt out in +uture=2e a!le to a''o,,o ate a !uil ing 0it% a

relativel& large nort%6+a'ing 0all or 0alls +or,a9i,u, solar gain ;as 0ell as nort%6+a'ingout oor areas i+ t%ose are 0ante =(A site 0it% nort%6sout% align,ent is li$el& tore'eive ,i a& sun an 0it% ,ini,alovers%a o0ing- !ut ,a& %ave li,ite ,orningor evening sun( A site 0it% east60est align,entis ,ore li$el& to !e overs%a o0e to t%e nort%(


76/83

A !uil ing s%oul in general !e lo'ate near t%e site>ssout%ern !oun ar& +or ,a9i,u, solar gain(In ,ost 'ases- t%is is li$el& to re u'e t%e ris$ o+ s%a ing +ro,

neig%!oring #ro#erties- an also #rovi e sunn& out oor s#a'e( T%e !est lo'ation +or solar a''ess 0ill var& +ro, site to site

e#en ing on site s%a#e- orientation an to#ogra#%&@ ans%a ing +ro, trees an neig%!oring !uil ings ;or +uture!uil ings=(Ot%er +a'tors su'% as vie0s- 0in - to#ogra#%&- an t%elo'ation o+ trees an neig%!oring !uil ings 0ill also in3uen'ea !uil ing>s lo'ation on t%e site(In areas 0%ere 'ooling is ,ore o+ a #riorit& t%an %eating-+a'tors su'% as a''ess to !ree7es ,ig%t !e ,ore i,#ortantt%an solar a''ess(

2UILDING LOCATION


77/83

Roo,s an out oor s#a'es s%oul !e lo'ateto ,a9i,i7e 'o,+ort uring use( In general-t%is ,eans living areas an out oor s#a'es+a'ing nort%- an servi'e areas su'% asgarages- laun ries an !at%roo,s to t%e

sout%(

LA)OUT


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It is o+ten not #ossi!le to o!tain t%e i eal

!uil ing orientation on a site ;#arti'ularl& inur!an areas= an 'o,#ro,ise 0ill !ene'essar& +or e9a,#le- 0%ere t%e vie0 is tot%e sout%- t%e site %as a sout%6+a'ing slo#e-t%ere is a sour'e o+ noise on t%e nort% si e- ort%e vie0 an sun +a'e into strong #revailing0in s(

O"ERCO ING O0STACLES


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BE) POINTS:

In t%e #ast t%e #assage o+ t%e sun a'ross t%es$& 0as #lotte 0it% #re #rinte sun#at%

iagra,s +or s#e'i.' latitu es( T%an$+ull& CAD#a'$ages 'an o t%is +or &ou( S#e'i.'all& GoogleS$et'%U# is e/e'tive in setting u# a ,o el inan& glo!al lo'ation an t%en a!le to si,ulate asun#at% a'ross a !uil ing(

?O* TO DESIGN FOR2UILDING ORIENTATION

Google S$et'%U# ,o el s%o0ing !uil ingesign orientate to ,a9i,ise sout% lig%t( Jo%n 2rennan


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?ousing in te,#erate regions 'an !ene.t +ro,a ,itting t%e sun into t%e !uil ing interior(

O#enings s%oul !e #ri,aril& orientatesout%0ar s- 'onsi er t%e use o+'onservatories an !u/er s#a'es( Bit'%ens are!etter +a'ing east- living roo,s to t%e sout%an 0est( 2e roo,s are o+ten !etter to t%enort% to avoi lig%t istur!an'e(

Si,#le 'riteria +or t%e organisation o+s#a'es in %ousing to ,a9i,ise #ositive

e/e'ts o+ orientation( Jo%n 2rennan


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O 'e !uil ings ti'all& are a!out t%ere u'tion o+ e9'essive solar gain an glare(

T%is is !e'ause o+ a greater #re#on eran'e o+gla7e +a'a es an also %ig%er internal gains+ro, #eo#le- 'o,#uters et'( Use gla7ing uesout% s#aringl& an in'or#orate s%a ing

evi'es(

Bno0le ge o+ !uil ing orientation 'an #rioritise 0%ere to#rovi e #rote'tion +or gla7e +a'a es( S'ottis% National?eritage !uil ing Inverness( Ar'%ite'ts: Be##ie( Jo%n2rennan


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Ste# 1: T%ere is no single esign #ro'e ure to esign +or

orientation( ?o0ever- &ou nee to ,o el &our #ro#osal in a#a'$age su'% as Google S$et'%U#(

Ste# K:Ensure t%e !uil ing is #ro#erl& #la'e on its site in relation

to nort% an t%e lo'ation eit%er geogra#%i'all& or in ter,s o+latitu e or longitu e is entere (

Ste# :Use a sun or s%a o0 tool to ,o el t%e !uil ing at seasonal

e9tre,ities(Ste# M: 2e 'onservative in t%e use o+ gla7ing to %eavil&

e9#ose si es(

Design Pro'e ure:

Ste# :


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Ste# :"o el t%e use o+ solar s%a ing evi'es(

Ste# : )ou 'an uanti+& solar gain 'o,ing t%roug%

gla7ing over a &ear using in a o,esti' 'onte9t-reall& si,#le SAP tools(

Ot%er #a'$ages su'% as Auto es$ E'ote't an IESVE60are 'an ,o el solar gain an #ossi!leover%eating o+ a !uil ing ,o el(

Ste# :Re,e,!er orientation is a!out #rote'tion an,itigation o+ sunlig%t in !uil ings as 0ell asa''o,,o ating solar gain(

Documents

Ecological Consideration of Site