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Principles of Eco-Industrial Development

Strategic Approaches and Best Practice for

Sustainable Industrial Development

ESTP Training Program, Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI)

April 19, 2007 - Taoyuan, Taiwan

Andreas W. Koenig© 2007 Andreas W. Koenig, ecoindustry

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Topics Overview

1. Why EID? New Concepts in Times of Crisis

2. Need for Action: A Global Approach

3. EIP: Getting the Terminology Right

4. Definition of an Eco-Industrial Park / Estate

5. Worldwide EID Initiatives

6. Approaches in Eco-Industrial Development

7. Kalundborg (DK) – The Non-Model EIP

8. Opportunities for Eco-Industrial Parks

9. Future Perspectives of Eco-Industrial Development

10. How to Begin....

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Global Competition for ResourcesRapidly increasing demand for industrial commodities

(oil, gas, steel, copper, skilled workers, containers etc.) higher cost potential shortages

Why EID? New Concepts in Times of Crisis

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Global Climate ChangeIrregular Weather Patterns are causing floods, droughts, storm events higher risk for production safety higher cost for remediation

Why EID? New Concepts in Times of Crisis

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Rapid Economic DevelopmentGlobal economy is changing the rules Industry in competition for natural resources with urban

and rural areas Emerging and old economies are in direct competition for

resources (Europe, USA, Japan, China, India) Pollution will increase dramatically China as example for success and failures

Why EID? New Concepts in Times of Crisis (2)

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Environmental DegradationDespite international environmental efforts, the state of the world is degrading rapidly Fish to be exploited by 2030 Agriculture crop production in peril

Why EID? New Concepts in Times of Crisis (2)

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Circular Economy Maximum cycling of resources and materials ‚Cradle to Grave‘ stewardship of products National Policy in Germany, Scandinavia, Japan and

China

Eco-Industrial Development Industrial Ecology as principle for the new economy Eco-Industrial Parks and Networks as strategy to

innovate industrial systems National EID Programs in UK, China, Korea

Need for Action: A Global Approach

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Mechanisms:

• Industrial metabolism

• Industrial symbiosis

• ‚Greening‘ of supply chains and customer nets

• Flexible manufacturing networks

• Ecological design  

EIP: Getting the Terminology Right (1)

The Goal: Eco-Industrial Development

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Types of Development:

• Networking of industries in parks, estates and clusters

• Focus is local or regional, involve SMEs

• Eco-industrial clusters usually involve companies linked to one sector such as Information technology, petrochemicals or food processing

• Eco-industrial Parks are planned as industrial parks, zones or districts and often involve multiple sectors

EIP: Getting the Terminology Right (2)

The Goal: Eco-Industrial Development

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Definition of an Eco-Industrial Park / Estate

A community of manufacturing and service enterprises

located together on a common property.

Members seek enhanced environmental, economic, and social

performance through collaboration in managing resources,

environmental and social issues.

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Worldwide EID Initiatives

Great Britain

U S A

Australia

Philippines

Indonesia

India

Canada

Cape Charles, VA

Mexico

Kalundborg, DK

ItalyAustriaGermanyNetherlands

France

Scandinavia

Taiwan

Japan

FijiThailand

ChinaLondonderry, NHMinneapolis, MI

Devens, MA

Halifax. CAN

Puerto RicoVietnam

KoreaSpain

Tunisia

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Approaches in Eco-Industrial Development

Planning of New (Eco)-Industrial Estates

Participatory Planning with community involvement

Planning of ‘best practices’ and build-in synergies

Selling at a premium for first-class work and living environment

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Approaches in Eco-Industrial Development

Redevelopment of Existing Industrial Estates

Zoning

Brownfield Rehabilitation

Business Incubators

Service Centers

Link to Regional

Development

Link to Local Economy

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Approaches in Eco-Industrial Development

Resource Recovery Parks (Recycling Clusters)

recycling and processing facilities

service area part of an industrial park

or in close proximity

up-cycling and waste diversion

energy recovery (Waste-to-Energy)

waste minimization and recycling

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Kalundborg (DK) – The Non-Model EIP

Industrial Ecology in Practice

Input - Output analysis at the systems level

By-product exchange and energy cascading

Physical connections between production units

– close proximity of industry on one site

Systems approach outside an Industrial estate

No management and formal research involved

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Kalundborg (DK) – The Non-Model EIP

GreenhousesSulphuric acidmaker sulfur hot water

surplusgases

Statoil Refinery . One of Denmark‘s largest refineries with a capacity of 3-4 million tons / year

processsteam

sulphurgases

coolingwater

Asnaes Power Station

gypsum

condensate

Cementmaker Fly ash

hot water

City of KalundborgProvides district heatingservices to 500 Kalundbotrghomes

process steam

Novo Nordisk Produces a significant amountof the world`s insulin supplyand certain industrial enzymes

ASNEAS fish farm.

warmwater

fertilizer

Local farmersHundreds of farms producing a variety of crops arelocated within the area

sludge fertilizer

Gyproc Manufactures gypsum-basedwall board

Commissioned in 1959, the coal-firedplant has a capacity of 1,500 MW

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Opportunities for Eco-Industrial Parks

Management by Infrastructure

• efficient energy supply• common effluent plants• waste collection and disposal• hazardous waste treatment center• common chemical storage• waste exchange, recycling center,

effluent and water recovery• estate-based emergency services• public transport• estate-wide logistics systems• recreation, health and social services

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Opportunities for Eco-Industrial Parks

Management by Standards: Londonderry EIP, Manchester, USA

• environmental services for industries• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)• technology assessment• Environmental Management Systems

(EMS – ISO 14001)• energy audits & standards• supply chain management• Global Reporting Initiative• discharge & emission limits, safety

standards• emergency preparedness – APELL• Chemical Industry - Responsible Care

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Opportunities for Eco-Industrial Parks

Management by Design: Phillips Eco-Enterprise Center, Minneapolis

• Green Buildings, greening the supply chain• Zero-Emission Concepts• minimizing the ecological footprint

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Opportunities for Eco-Industrial Parks

Management by Cooperation: Map Ta Phut, Thailand

• information exchange: EID Center / local CP Center• Managers Club• EID-Forum as platform for networking• Joint activities: collective landscaping, training, health care,

transportation & logistics, linked emergency services• Waste / by-product exchange systems

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Need for definition, labeling, development of missing links and coordination of EID approaches:

Work in Progress !

Industrial Ecology and Eco-Industrial Development are evolving fields of research and practice

Need for combined implementation of proven tools at company and estate level

Beyond Environmental Management & Cleaner Production

Future Perspectives of Eco-Industrial Development

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How to Begin....

Use common sense and innovation

“Nice idea, but it’s not possible” as an excuse to

overcome barriers

Technology is never the problem

80-90 % of the tools are out there, and

researchers are willing to close the gap

look for the low-hanging fruits

many synergies can be implemented by simple

change of procedure & management

...and

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Always start with a Vision ...