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8/8/2019 Eco Friendly Processing 1
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Protection of environment. Protection of the wearer.
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A management tool comprising a systematic, documented,
periodic & objective evaluation of how well environmentorganization, management & equipment are performing with
the aim of contributing to safeguarding the environment.
Eco-Auditing Advantage:
Systematic evolution of the status.
Cost reduction due to systematic analysis-material input and
reduction in wastage.
Legal safety.
Improvement of the environmental protection within the
industry.
Improvement of reliability.
Optimal use of resource and raw material
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Metalcontaining
dyes
Surfactants
phosphates
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Desizing-
It is carried out by using amylase type of enzyme by
pad batch method.
Recipe:
Amylase enzyme -- 2-5 gpl
Acetic acid [30%] -- to maintain pH 4.5 to 5.5
Common salt -- 10 gpl
Anionic wetting agent -- 0.5-1 gpl
Temperature -- 600C
Expression -- 95-100%
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No risk of mildew on cloth.
It hydrolyzes starch but does not tender the cellulose.
It is safe method.
This method is method is faster than other methods of
desizing.
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Bioscouring-
Only non-cellulosic impurities are removed without
damaging the fiber.
Recipe:
Baylase EVO -- 0.5% (w/v)
pH -- 8-10
Temperature -- 550C
Time -- 4-6 hr
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Test parameter Bio-scouring Conventionalscouring
pH 8 9.5 13 14
Temperature 50 - 600C [exact 75 - 900C] 95-1000C [ 1300C]
Weight loss < 1.5% 3 8%
Handle Very soft Harsh, rough
TDS [ Total Dissolved
Solids]
25 50% 100%
BOD 20 40% 100%
COD 20 45% 100%
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Milder process, no damage to cellulose.
Readily biodegradable byproducts.
Less load on ETP. Softer handle.
Less weight loss.
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Biopolishing-Following is the recipe,
Enzyme -- Cellulase
Equipment -- jet dyeing or garment dyeing m/c
pH -- 4.5 6
Temperature -- 45 600
CTime -- 30 60 min.
Advantages of Biopolishing:
Increase resistance to pilling.
Gives clear surface.
Improved drape ability.
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Techniques of conservation Counter-current washing
Use of standing bath
Reuse of final rinse water from dyeing for dye bath
make-up Reuse of soaper waste water
Reuse of scouring rinses for desizing
Reuse of mercerizing or bleach wash water for
scouring or desizing
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Following are some of the contaminants,
Carcinogenic amines
Heavy metals
Pesticides
Pentachloro phenol
Formaldehyde
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Contaminants Sources Substitutes
Carcinogenic amines 20% of azo dyes. Natural dyes.Dyes purchased from
reputed manufacturer.
Heavy metals Metal complex dyes Cr,Co, Cu and NiDye stripping agent.
Eco friendly mordantslike alum, FeSO4Direct dyes should notused for baby cloth.
Pesticides Cotton plantation. Organic cotton.Neem oil.
Pentachlorophenol Preservative in sizingand printing.
Thiazole derivatives likemercapto benzothiazole.
Formaldehyde Urea- formaldehyde
type of resin in finishing.Reactive softener, Mfg ofsynthetic dyes.
Free formaldehyde resin
like DMDHEU.Zinc suphoxylateformaldehyde replacedby rongolite in printing.
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1) Formaldehyde-
equipments used are,
UV-VIS spectrometer
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
2) Pesticides-
Extraction &analysis by Gas Chromatography with
Electron Capture Detector (ECD)
Mass Spectrometer
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Parameters Max limit, mg/kg in ppm
Babyclothing
Close to skin Outer wear
20 75 300
0.1 0.1 0.110 10 10
0.5 0.5 0.5
150 150 150
1 1 1
50 50 50
Free formaldehyde
Heavy metalsLead
PCP
Volatile hydrocarbons
PesticidesAmines released from azo-dyes
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When whole world is concerned about taking care of
the environment, eco-friendly processing will alsohelp in playing a major role in doing so.
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