ECM trucks.pdf

8/11/2019 ECM trucks.pdf

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Table of Contents

Field

Guide

Information

......................................................................................................................

2

TableofContents..................................................................................................................................................2

ListofTables.........................................................................................................................................................3

ListofFigures........................................................................................................................................................3

Acknowledegements.............................................................................................................................................4

EngineCoverage/Identification...........................................................................................................................5

Documentation.....................................................................................................................................................6

PreservingData.....................................................................................................................................................7

Caterpillar................................................................................................................................................ 8AboutCaterpillar...................................................................................................................................................8

SupportedEngines................................................................................................................................................8

EngineIdentification.............................................................................................................................................9

Potential

Data

Loss

..............................................................................................................................................

10

Cummins................................................................................................................................................. 11AboutCummins...................................................................................................................................................11

SupportedEngines..............................................................................................................................................11

EngineIdentification...........................................................................................................................................12

DetroitDiesel........................................................................................................................................ 14AboutDetroitDiesel...........................................................................................................................................14



PotentialDataLoss..............................................................................................................................................17

Mack......................................................................................................................................................... 18

AboutMack

.........................................................................................................................................................

18



Mercedes-Benz..................................................................................................................................... 20AboutMercedesBenz.........................................................................................................................................20



DataReferenceTable......................................................................................................................... 22

FieldGuide

Information

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FieldGuideInforma

List of Tables

FieldGuideInformation...................................................................................................................... 2Table1EnginesUsingECMsCapableofStoringCollisionData.........................................................................5

Caterpillar................................................................................................................................................

8

Table21994and1995CaterpillarEnginesModelsWithoutInternalBatteries..............................................10

DetroitDiesel........................................................................................................................................ 14Table3DDECModelsInstalledBetween1993and2010................................................................................14

Mack......................................................................................................................................................... 18Table4VMACModelsInstalledBetween1998and2010...............................................................................18

DataReferenceTable......................................................................................................................... 22

List of FiguresFieldGuideInformation...................................................................................................................... 2

Figure1SampleEngineIdentificationTag.........................................................................................................5

Figure2SampleSpicerTransmissionIdentificationTag....................................................................................6

Figure3MeasuringRollingRadius.....................................................................................................................6

Caterpillar................................................................................................................................................ 8Figure41994Caterpillar3176EngineIdentificationTag..................................................................................9

Figure51994Caterpillar3176EngineIdentificationTag..................................................................................9

Figure6SampleCaterpillarECMLocation.........................................................................................................9

Figure7Caterpillar3176EngineandECMLocation........................................................................................10

Cummins................................................................................................................................................. 11Figure82001CumminsISXEngineIdentificationTag.....................................................................................12

Figure9ECMLocationonCumminsISXEngine...............................................................................................12

Figure10CelectECMon1994CumminsM11Engine.....................................................................................13

DetroitDiesel........................................................................................................................................ 14Figure112001DetroitDieselSeries60EngineIdentificationDecal...............................................................15

Figure12DetroitDieselDDECIIIandIVLocationandIdentificationLabel.....................................................15

Figure13DDECVLocationandIdentificationLabel........................................................................................16

Figure14DDECVIMCMandCPC.....................................................................................................................16

Figure15SampleDDECIIIIdentification..........................................................................................................17

Mack......................................................................................................................................................... 18Figure16Sample2000MackE7IdentificationTag.........................................................................................19

Figure17MackVehicleElectronicControlUnit(VECU)..................................................................................19

Mercedes-Benz..................................................................................................................................... 20Figure18SampleMBE4000IdentificationDecal............................................................................................21

Figure19SampleMercedesBenzVehicleControlUnit(VCU)........................................................................21

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FieldGuideInforma

ThisFieldGuideisconsideredtheintellectualpropertyoftheWisconsinStatePatrolAcademy.

Itmaybereproducedforeducational,training,orinvestigativepurposesonly.

Acknowledgements

ThisFieldGuidehasbeenpreparedby theWisconsinStatePatrolandMesserschmidtSafety

Consulting based on training and testing completed as of January, 2010. Because of the

dynamicnature

of

the

research

in

this

field,

the

authors

reserve

the

right

to

make

updates

as

additionaldatabecomeavailable. Questionsorcommentsabouttheinformationcontainedin

thisFieldGuideshouldbedirectedto:

TrooperTimothyAustin,M.S.Eng.

ACTARAccreditedReconstructionSpecialist

WisconsinStatePatrolAcademy

95South10th

Avenue

FortMcCoy,WI 54656

6082692500Ext.3253

[email protected]

Mr.WilliamMesserschmidt

ACTARAccreditedPrincipalAnalyst

MesserschmidtSafetyConsulting

9340HelenaRoad,SuiteF166

Birmingham,AL 35244

(205)4440071

[email protected]

Research for thisFieldGuidewascompleted inpartnershipwithFox

Valley Technical College in Appleton, Wisconsin. Special

acknowledgementsaregiventoProgramDirectorRobertBehnkeand

DieselTechnician InstructorMikeFarrell from the schools J. J.Keller

TransportationCenter. Theadvancementofeducation inthis field is

onlypossiblewiththehelpofinstitutionssuchasFoxValleyTechnical

Collegethatarededicatedtothepursuitofacademicresearch.

Recognitionmustalsobegiventothefollowing individualswhoprovided insight,corrections,

andideasforthisGuide. TheirdedicationtothefieldofECMtechnologyiscommendable.

Insprs.BrianAusloos&JohnSorenson

WisconsinStatePatrol

FondduLac,Wisconsin

(920)9293700

[email protected]

Mr.TimothyCheek,P.E.

Delta[v]ForensicEngineering

Charlotte,NorthCarolina

(704)5255700

[email protected]

Mr.DavidPlant,P.E.

D.P.PlantandAssociates

WashingtonD.C.

(202)2328929

[email protected]

Det.GregWilcoxson

WashingtonStatePatrol

Olympia,Washington

(360)8051195

[email protected]

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FieldGuideInforma

Engine Coverage / Identification

At the present time, five enginemanufacturers use Electronic ControlModules (ECMs) that

record data of interest to collision investigators. Inmany cases, this information concerns

suddendeceleration

data

for

given

time

periods

both

before

and

after

the

event.

Table

1lists

theseenginesandtheyearsforwhichcoverageispresentlyavailable. Itshouldbenotedthat

not all enginesmanufactured for the years listedbelow are accessible. Furthermore, some

enginesmanufacturedduringthesemodelyearswillonlyprovideECMconfigurationdata. For

detailedcoverageinformation,itisnecessarytoreviewthemanufacturerpagespresentedlater

inthisFieldGuide. OftheengineslistedinTable1,Mackonlyallowspublicaccesstogeneral

programmingparametersandfaultcode information. Mackcrash information, ifavailable, is

onlyrecoverablebyindividualsspecifiedbythemanufacturer.

EngineManufacturer ConfigurationData IncidentData

Caterpillar

1994

2010

19941

2010

Cummins 19942010 200222010

DetroitDiesel 19932010 19982010

Mack 19982010 19982010

MercedesBenz 20002010 200032010

1OnlyECMswithsoftwarerevisionsafterlate1995havetheabilitytostoreincidentinformation.

2OnlytheISMandISXenginemodelswithsoftwarerevisionsafterlate2004havetheabilitytostoreincidentinformation. Asof2008

(EPA07),allISeriesenginesmaydocumentthisdata.3

OnlyECMshavingsoftwareversion12.09orhigherareaccessible.

Table 1 - Engines Using ECMs Capable of Storing Collision Data

When examining an engine for possible data extraction, it is important to note the engine

modelandyearofmanufacture. Thisinformationisfoundontheidentificationtag,whichcan

beanactualmetalplateoradecal. Inmostcases,thistag isaffixedtoeitherthetopofthe

valvecoverortothe leftsideoftheengine. InFigure1,theengine identificationtag froma

Cumminsengineisshownwithleaderarrowsshowingthemodel(ISB)andbuilddate(1998).

Build Date

Model

Figure 1 Sample Engine Identification Tag

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FieldGuideInforma

Documentation

Transmission

Information

Whencalculating

speed,

the

ECM

uses

the

rear

axle

ratio

as

part

of

its

programming.

Therefore,itisnecessarytoverifythisnumber. Inmostcases,thiscanbedonebyexamining

thetransmissionidentificationtaglocatedonthedifferentialhousing. Anylegibleinformation,

including the ratio and serialnumber, shouldbedocumented andphotographed. A sample

identificationtagisshownbelowinFigure2.

Rolling

Radius

Inadditiontotherearaxleratio,theECMalso

considers the size of the drive tires when

determining the vehicles speed. Therefore,

tire data such asmanufacturer,model, and

size should be recorded. In addition, the

rolling radius of the drive wheels must be

measured. This measurement should be

takenonaflatsurfacewiththevehicleinthe

sameweighted configuration itwas inwhen

theincident

occured.

Tomeasure the rolling radius,usea level to

projectthecenteroftheaxlehubbeyondthe

rim and tire. Then, using a ruler or tape

measure, document the distance from the

hubtothegroundasshowninFigure3.

Figure 2 Sample Spicer Transmission Identification Tag

Figure 3 Measuring Rolling Radius

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FieldGuideInforma

Preserving Data

AfterdeterminingthatanengineandECMaresupportedbyavailablesoftwareasindicatedin

thisFieldGuide,stepsshouldbetakentopreserveanyinformationcontainedintheECM.

Respondingofficersshould:

Turn off the trucks ignition and secure the vehicle keys. This should be done

immediatelyuponarrivingattheincidentscene.

Determine if the ECM should be downloaded at the scene, or if the truckwill be

towedtoasecondarylocation. Thisdecisionshouldbebasedonanticipatedroadway

closure time,availabilityofatechnicianthat istrainedtoperformthe forensicdata

extraction,andtheneedtoobtainconsentorsearchwarrantauthorization.

If the vehicle must be moved, ensure that the key is in the off position, and

disconnect the vehicles battery as a precaution. The battery should not be

disconnectediftheECMisaDetroitDieselDDECIII,oriftheengineisa19941995

Caterpillar3176or3406.

If there is a danger of power being lost on a Detroit DDEC III or a 1994 1995

Caterpillar3176or3406engine,ensurethatasupplemental12Voltsystemisapplied

tothebatteries.

Calibrationdatashouldalwaysbeobtainedinadditiontoincidentdata. Thishelpsto

verifythe

accuracy

of

recorded

speeds

and

incident

timings.

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Caterp

Potential Data Loss

TheECMsinstalledon19941995enginesdonothaveaninternalbattery. Ifpowerislostor

notmaintainedtotheseengines,snapshotdatamaybeerased. Beginning in1996,theECMs

havean

internal

battery,

and

data

will

not

be

lost

if

power

is

removed

from

it.

Affected

engine

modelsandserialnumbersareshowninTable2,andtheECMlocationonaCapterpillar3176is

showninFigure7.

Engine

Model

Affected

Serial

Numbers

3176 9CK00001through9CK27878

3406 5EK00001through5EK66039

Table 2 1994 and 1995 Caterpillar Engine Models Without Internal Batteries

Figure 7 Caterpillar 3176 Engine

and ECM Location

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About Cummins

Two separate software programs are used to access Cummins ECMs. The first of these

programs,Insite,

is

used

by

technicians

to

program

the

modules,

retrieve

trip

data,

and

to

read

faultcode information. Withrespecttofaults,theECMsdocumentsnapshotsatthefirstand

lasttimesafaultcodeistriggered. Codesthatoccurinbetweenareoverwrittenandtherefore

notstored. Faultcodesnapshotsareforasinglemomentintime,andsurroundinginformation

isnotcaptured.

PowerSpec,thesecondCumminssoftwareprogram,alsorecoversconfiguration,trip,andfault

codedata. Inaddition,PowerspecextractssuddendecelerationinformationfromtheECMfor

59 seconds prior to the event and 15 seconds after the event. With Cummins, a sudden

deceleration is defined as a wheel speed change of 9mph/sec. The ability to save such

informationwas

not

programmed

until

late

2004,

and

the

sudden

deceleration

data

will

only

be

availableinspecificECMswithinitialprogrammingorsoftwareupdatessincethattime.

Supported Engines

AllCumminsheavy andmediumdutyonhighwayenginesbuilt in1994or laterwill contain

configurationand fault codedata. However,only the2002 andnewer ISM and ISXengines

have the ability to store sudden deceleration information. Asof 2008 (EPA 07), all ISeries

enginesmay record this information. Celectenginesareonlyaccessibleusing Insiteandare

thuslimited

in

their

data

storage

ability.

Data

can

be

extracted

from

Celect

Plus

engines

using

Powerspec;howeverthesedataarelimitedtotrip,configuration,andfaultinformation.

Some Cummins enginesmay use a secondary Road Relay recording system. This device is

located in the cab,within viewof thedriver. ARoadRelaymodulehas the ability to store

suddendecelerationinformation,eveniftheECMdoesnot. TheRoadRelayisaccessibleusing

PowerSpecsoftware.

1994 2010

Cummins

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Cum

If the engine is not an I Seriesmotor, itwill be necessary to look at the ECM itself to

determinewhichtypeofmoduleitis. Locatedontheleftside,theCelectandCelectPlusECMs

willgenerallybeblackincolorandhavethemodelnameprintedontheface. Figure10shows

thetypicallocationofaCelectECM.

Figure 10 Celect ECM on 1994 Cummins M11 Engine

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About Detroit Diesel

Two separate softwareprogramsareused toaccessDetroitDieselECMs. The firstof these

programs,DetroitDieselElectronicControlsReports,alsoknownasDDECReports,recoversdataconcerningengineoperationforthepreviousthreemonths. Thisincludestripinformationsuch

asdailymilestraveled,timeofoperation,averagespeed,andfueleconomy. Inaddition,data

surrounding the last three fault codes are shown. Referred to as Diagnostic Records, this

informationcontains55secondsofdataconcerningvehicleoperationandengineperformance.

Inadditiontotripdataandfaultcodeinformation,DetroitDieselECMsalsodocumentthelast

twohardbrakeevents,aswellasthelasttimethevehiclecametoastop. WithDetroitDiesel

engines,ahardbrakeisdefinedasawheelspeedchangeof7mph/sec. Datastoredinthese

eventfilesincludevehiclespeedandenginespeed,aswellasbrake,throttle,andcruisecontrol

usagefor

up

to

104

seconds

before

the

event,

and

15

seconds

after

the

event.

The

second

programusedtoaccessDetroitECMs isDetroitDieselDiagnosticLink(DDDL). DDDLretrieves

calibrationdataandadditionalfaultcodedata.

Supported Engines

EngineswithDetroitDieselElectronicControls(DDEC)IIIor

higher ECMswill contain information. The DDEC IIIwill

only

store

trip

and

configuration

data,

while

the

subsequentmodelswillstorethelaststop,hardbrake,and

diagnostic records. In addition, some Detroit Diesel

enginesmayuseasecondaryProDriver recordingsystem.

A ProDriver module has the ability to store hard brake

information,eveniftheECMdoesnot. Beginningwiththe

DDECVIsystem,diagnosticrecordsarenolongeravailable. Table3showstheapplicableDDEC

modelsandinstallationyears.

Table 3 DDEC Models

DDECSeries YearsInstalled

DDEC

III

1993

1997

DDECIV 1998 2003

DDECV 2004 2006

DDECVI 2007 2010

1993 2010

DetroitDiesel

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DetroitD

Engine Identification

Detroitenginesaretypicallygreenincolor,withtheidentificationdecallocatedonthetopleft

sideoftheengine. Thiswillshowtheyear,enginemodel,andserialnumber. Figure11shows

atypical

Series

60

engine

identification

decal.

Afternotingtheengineyear,theECMitselfshouldbeidentified. AllDetroitECMsarelocated

ontheleftsideofthemotor. TheDDECIIIandDDECIVsystemsaresimilarinappearance,with

a

label

on

the

top

surface

identifying

the

exact

unit.

Figure

12

shows

the

DDEC

III

/

IV

location

andidentificationlabel.

Figure 11 2001 Detroit Diesel Series 60 Engine Identification Decal

Figure 12 Detroit Diesel DDEC III and IV Location and Identification Label

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DetroitD

TheDDECVexteriorwasredesignedfromitspredecessorsandhastwolargeplugsonitsface.

ThisECMwilllikelyalsohaveanidentificationlabelaffixedtoitssurface. Figure13showsthe

DDECVlocationandidentificationlabel.

TheDDECVIECMconsistsoftwocomponents,theMotorControlMount(MCM)ontheengine

andtheCommonPowertrainController(CPC)locatedinthecab. Thesecomponentsareshown

inFigure14. IftheECMsystemmustberemovedfromthevehiclefordataextraction,both

theMCMand theCPC shouldbe secured. TheCPC is commonly locatedunder thedashor

behindthe

B

pillar,

while

the

MCM

is

located

on

the

left

side

of

the

engine.

Figure 13 DDEC V Location and Identification Label

Figure 14 DDEC VI Motor Control Mount (MCM) and Common Powertrain Controller (CPC)

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DetroitD

Potential Data Loss

TheDDECIIIECMdoesnothaveaninternalbattery. Ifpowerisinterruptedornotmaintained

totheseengines,datamaybelost. AfteridentifyingaunitasaDDECIII,precautionsshouldbe

takento

ensure

that

the

vehicles

battery

system

is

maintained.

Figure

15

shows

the

decal,

whichistypicallyaffixedtothetopoftheunit,identifyingitasaDDECIII.

Figure 15 Sample DDEC III Identification

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About Mack

TheECMusedbyMackisknownastheVehicleManagementControlSystem(VMAC). In1998,

theV

MAC

III

began

documenting

quick

stop

events

in

addition

to

fault

codes.

In

addition,

as

of

2006,theVMacIValsorecordedlaststopinformation. Althoughconfigurationandfaultcode

information isretrievablebythepublic,quickstopand laststopeventsarenot. Rather,this

information is only accessible by individuals specifically designated by Mack. When an

extractionisperformedtorecoverincidentinformation,upto75secondsmaybedocumented.

Availabledatamayincludewheelspeed,enginespeed,clutchuse,andcruisecontrolstatus.

Publicly available software,which is known as Vehicle ComputerAided Diagnostic Software

(VCADS), will allow the user to retrieve general programming information. Fault code

snapshots are for a singlemoment in time, and surrounding information is not captured.

Therefore,given

the

limitations

of

VCADS,

it

is

recommended

that

precautions

be

taken

to

preservetheECMdataforpreparationtoshipthemodule(s)directlytoMacksdesignee.

Additional information about obtaining a Mack download may be obtained by visiting

www.hvedr.comorbycontactingMr.TimothyCheekofDelta[v]ForensicEngineeringinNorth

Carolinaat(704)5255700orMr.JohnSteinerofKEVAEngineering inCaliforniaat(805)388

6016. TheseindividualshavebeendesignatedbyMackforforensicECMdataextractions.

Supported Engines

Mackenginesbuiltin1998andlaterthatuseVMACIIIandVMACIVECMshavetheabilityto

storeeventinformation(Table4). It ispossiblethatsome1997enginesthatweresold inthe

latterportionof1997mayusetheVMACIIIandthusmayalsocontainaccessibledata.

CoveredVMACSeries YearsInstalled

VMACIII 19982006

VMACIV 20062010

Table 4 VMAC Models Installed

Between 1998 and 2010

1998 2010

Mack

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M


Mack engines are typically grey

or red in color. The

identificationtag

is

generally

foundonthetop leftsideofthe

engine. Thiswill show theyear

and engine model. Figure 16

showsasampleidentificationtag

froma2000MackE7engine. In

thisexample,thetagwasaffixed

tothetopofthevalvecover.

MackECMsconsistoftwocomponents,theEngineElectronicControlUnit(EECU)onthemotor

andtheVehicleElectronicControlUnit(VECU)locatedinthecab. AsampleVECUisshownin

Figure17. WhenforwardingtheMackcomponentstothemanufacturerfordataextraction,it

isnecessarytoremovebothunitsfromthevehicle. VECUsinstalledpriorto2004arelocated

behindthekickpanelontheright(passenger)side. Beginningin2006,theVECUwasmounted

nearthecenterofthedashdoard,behindotherelectroniccomponents. Thesenewermodules

aresomewhatdifficulttoremoveduetotheirposition. Priortodisconnectinganycomponents,

itisrecommendedthattheMackdesigneeslistedonthepreviouspagebecontacted.

Figure 16 - Sample 2000 Mack E7 Identification Tag

Figure 17 - Mack Vehicle Electronic

Control Unit (VECU)

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About MercedesBenz

TheMercedesBenzengine(MBE)usesDetroitDieselECMsoftware. Fordataextraction,two

separateprograms

are

required.

The

first

of

these

programs,

Detroit

Diesel

Electronic

Controls

Reports, also known as DDEC Reports, recovers data concerning engine operation for the

previous threemonths. This includes trip information such as dailymiles traveled, time of

operation,averagespeed,andfueleconomy. Inaddition,datasurroundingthelastthreefault

codesareshown. ReferredtoasDiagnosticRecords,this informationcontainsapproximately

55secondsofdataconcerningvehicleoperationandengineperformance. Thesecondprogram

usedtoaccessMercedesBenzECMs isDetroitDieselDiagnosticLink (DDDL). DDDL retrieves

calibrationdataandadditionalfaultcodedata.

Inaddition to tripdataand faultcode information,MercedesBenzECMswillalsodocument

thelast

two

hard

brake

events,

as

well

as

the

last

time

the

vehicle

came

to

astop.

In

these

engines,ahardbrakeisdefinedasawheelspeedchangeof7mph/sec. Datastoredinthese

eventfilesincludevehiclespeedandenginespeed,aswellasbrake,throttle,andcruisecontrol

usageforupto104secondsbeforetheevent,and15secondsaftertheevent.

Supported Engines

Data canbe extracted from all 2000 andnewer 900 Series and 4000 SeriesMercedesBenz

engines,providedthattheECMisusingsoftwareversion12.09orhigher. Becausetheinternal

softwareversioncannotbedeterminedwithoutactuallyaccessingtheECM,itisrecommended

thatthepresenceofinternal informationbeassumedtoexistandthatstepsbetakentoward

itspreservation. BeginningwiththeuseofDDECVIcontrolsin2007,diagnosticrecordsareno

longeravailable.

2000 2010

MercedesBenz

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Mercedes


MercedesBenz engines are typically silver in

color,with the identificationdecal locatedon

thetop

left

side

of

the

engine.

This

decal

includes the year, make, and enginemodel.

Figure18showsatypicalengineidentification

decal. In this example, a 2004 MBE 4000

engineisshown.

Pre2007MercedesBenzECMsconsistoftwo

components,thePumpeLieneDusse(PLD)on

theengineandtheVehicleControlUnit(VCU)

locatedinthecab. IftheECMsystemmustberemovedfromthevehiclefordataextraction,it

is

recommended

that

both

the

PLD

and

the

VCU

be

secured.

Figure

19

shows

a

VCU

located

under thedashboard,justbelow the ignition key switch. For 2007 andnewer engines, the

similar twocomponentDDECVI system isused. Please see theDDECVI information in the

DetroitDieselsectionofthisFieldGuideformoreinformationonthesenewerengines.

Figure 18 Sample MBE Engine Identification Decal

Figure 19 Sample Mercedes-Benz Vehicle Control Unit (VCU)

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Data Reference Table

Engine

Manufacturer

EngineorECM

Model

Year

Introduced

Configuration

Data

QuickStop

Data

LastSt

Data

Caterpillar ADEMII 1994 Yes SeeNote1 No

Caterpillar ADEMIII 1999 Yes Yes No

Caterpillar ADEMIV SeeNote2 Yes Yes No

Cummins Celect 1994 Yes No No

Cummins CelectPlus 1996 Yes No No

Cummins ISB 1998 Yes SeeNote3 No

Cummins ISC 1998 Yes SeeNote3 No

Cummins ISL 1998 Yes SeeNote3 No

Cummins ISM 1998 Yes SeeNote4 No

Cummins ISX 1998 Yes SeeNote4 No

Detroit DDECIII 1993 Yes No No

Detroit DDECIV 1998 Yes Yes Yes

Detroit DDECV 2004 Yes Yes Yes

Detroit DDECVI 2007 Yes Yes Yes

Mack VMacIII 1998 Yes Yes No

Mack VMacIV 2006 Yes Yes Yes

Mercedes 900and4000 2000 Yes SeeNote5 SeeNot

Mercedes 900and4000 2007 Yes Yes Yes

Note1 ECMMustHaveSoftwareRevisionAfterNovember1995

Note2 TheADEMIVwasIntroducedin2005withtheC15Engineandin2007onAllOtherModels

Note3 SuddenDecelerationDataisAvailableStartingin2008(EPA07)

Note4 SuddenDecelerationDataisAvailableStartingin2002,withECMSoftwareRevisionsfromLate

Note5 DataisavailablewithECMSoftwareRevisions12.09orHigher

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Documents

ECM trucks.pdf