EXTRA CREDIT – UNIT I “Building the Body”Spring Semester, 2010

POSTED: 1/19/11…DUE: 2/7/11

Instructions: Answer the following questions by putting your responses on the formatted answer sheet found on pages 33 and 34 of the HUMAN ANATOMY NOTEBOOK. Be sure to include your name and Student ID# at the top right. Your answers must be presented in a brief, concise manner yet be adequate to answer the question. You may use as many resources as necessary to obtain the answers (e.g., Internet, textbooks, journals, clinicians, etc.), but YOU MUST CITE YOUR REFERENCES!

Cytology (2 points)

1. Alterations in membranous organelles of the cell often are the basis of systemic disease. What do Gaucher’s disease; Hurler’s disease; Pompe disease; Niemann Pick disease; and Tay-Sachs disease all have in common?

2. One means of treating cancer is to arrest cell division by chemo-therapeutic drugs. What subcellular component(s) or organelles might such drugs target to be effective in disrupting mitosis and/or causing cell death? Cite two specific chemotherapeutic agents, and their subcellular targets.

3. Why would desmosomes not be suitable as the sole type of cell junction between epithelial cells of the stomach?

4. The neonatal intensive care unit admits an infant suffering from breathing difficulties and confirmed Kartagener’s syndrome. What cell structure is primarily involved in this disorder and briefly, what is the electron microscopic and molecular basis underlying the malfunction?

5. Match the following phases of Mitosis with the correct image:

A. ProphaseB. MetaphaseC. AnaphaseD. Telophase

1. 2.

3. 4.

Histology (1½ points)

1. Microscopic staging and grading of tumors originating in various tissues are important in establishing a prognosis and treatment plan for the cancer patient. Define concisely: neoplastic; dysplastic; desmoplastic; benign; malignant; metastatic. Which two of these terms would most likely appear in a pathologist’s report defining a very serious, aggressive tumor?

2. All tissues can undergo one or more of the following processes: Hypertrophy; hyperplasia; and atrophy. Define each of these terms concisely, and give one example of a physiological or disease state associated with each condition.

3. Tumors (benign or malignant) can arise in each of the four basic tissues and their subdivisions. Give an example/name of a tumor originating from: glandular epithelium; a non-glandular epithelium; nerve supporting cells; skeletal muscle; bone; bone marrow.

4. Using the 4 images seen below, determine what tissue type is NOT shown (circle the correct letter) Now, label the 4 images.

A. BoneB. Dense Regular Connective TissueC. Adipose TissueD. Stratified ColumnarE. Stratified Squamous Epithelium

1. 2.

3. 4.

Development (1/2 point)

1. List three adult derivatives of the embryonic neural crest.

2. All bottled alcoholic beverages sold in the US must carry a warning from the Surgeon General about drinking while pregnant. What is the name of the syndrome, and three major facial signs/symptoms, which may be observed in an infant suffering from this syndrome?

3. Label the image below with the following structures (A-D)— DISREGARD the extra lines: (You may provide a very crude drawing of this or even print and attach this figure to your answer sheet)

A. Pharyngeal archesB. SomitesC. Arm BudD. Leg Bud

Integument (1 point)

1. Painful lesions in the lining of the oral cavity are often experienced by cancer patients undergoing intravenous chemotherapy. Describe briefly why this occurs.

2. With which of the following skin cancers would you prefer to be diagnosed, and likely experience the best treatment outcome, and why?? Melanoma; squamous cell carcinoma; basal cell carcinoma

For the following questions you will need the APR (Anatomy and Physiology Revealed) CD:

3. From the Home screen click the dropdown box on the Select System menu. From the systems listed, click on Integumentary. On the top menu bar you will see a small microscope icon (Hisotology), click on this. Click the dropdown box on the Select Topic menu, select Hair Follicle, press GO. Click the TURN TAGS ON button in the STRUCTURE LIST panel.

The image will now show FIVE green dots. List below (in any order) the 5 structures that have been tagged:

3a. 3b. 3c. 3d. 3e

4. From the Home screen click the dropdown box on the Select System menu. From the systems listed, click on Integumentary. On the top menu bar you will see a small microscope icon (Hisotology), click on this. Click the dropdown box on the Select Topic menu, select Thick Skin, press GO. From the Select magnification menu, select High magnification. Click the TURN TAGS ON button in the STRUCTURE LIST panel.

The image will now show EIGHT green dots. List below (in any order) ANY 5 of the 8 structures that have been tagged:

4a. 4b. 4c. 4d. 4e.