Easy Selection Xenoiala

EASY SELECTIONS

ADAPTED FROM XENOPHON

VOCABULABYNOTES AND MAP

BY

J. SURTEES PHILLPOTTS, B.C.L.Head Afaster of Bedford Schoel

Editor qf' Selections Adapted from Xenofhon

'

C. S. JERRAM, M.A.Late Scholar of Trinity College, Oxford

faint Editor of the 'London Series of English Classics'

PRELIMINARY PART

SCENES FROM THE ANABASIS

OXFORDAT THE CLARENDON PRESS

Oxford University Press

London Edinburgh Glasgow CopenhagenNew York Toronto Melbourne Cape Town

Bombay Calcutta Madras Shanghai

Humphrey Milford Publisher to the UNIVERSITY

Printed in England

PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.

THE object of such adapted Selections as these has some-

times been misunderstood. It has been supposed that the aim

is to save boys' thought ;the real aim is the reverse. It is to

get boys to think and to use their minds on the language at

a stage when otherwise they would either have had their

attention confined to Grammar or Delectus- work, or have

had to struggle at translating authors whose style is really

beyond them. Such a struggle does not, I believe, educate the

boy or make him think. He is simply baffled and bewildered

by having too many difficulties thrust on him at once, and

either buys a word for word translation, or simply looks out

the words without trying to connect them and discover a

meaning. The essence of good teaching seems to me to lie

in presenting to boys an infinite succession of problems

carefully graduated according to the exact stage of their

progress. Power is what we-'want;and the feeling of getting

on, the feeling of doing something with one's knowledge, the

pleasure of following a connected story all this awakens

interest, makes brain and heart work with eye and ear, in-

telligence with memory, and gives in fact that sense of powerwhich is one of the chief sources of power itself.

These '

Easy Selections'are adapted for boys who are only

just beginning Greek. They are somewhat graduated, so

that the beginning is made still easier than the rest;

in the

first hundred lines there are no augmented tenses, in the first

three hundred none which are not specially explained in the

notes. All through, the words are, as far as possible, put in

the order in which they should be taken;the sentences are

very short, and there is a Vocabulary containing not only all

the words, but all the more difficult forms of words used.

The whole is intended as a Preliminary Part to ' Selections

iv PREFACE.

Adapted from Xenophon1,' which has now reached a third

edition. Since those ' Selections' were published I have been

so much engaged with other work that I should never have

been able to complete this Preliminary Part without the

welcome assistance of Mr. Jerram, who I found had already

prepared an edition of the Anabasis on his own account.

At my suggestion he kindly gave up this for an '

Adapted'

edition, to act as a First Greek Construing-book. Besides

his knowledge of the Anabasis, he brought to the work the

freshest acquaintance with the actual wants of boys beginning

Greek, from his experience in directing the classical teaching

of a large preparatory school. Though I am responsible for

the plan of the book, the main burden of the work has fallen

on his shoulders, and if these '

Easy Selections' should in any

way meet the wants of teachers, I hope the credit will be

given where it is due. We owe thanks to Mr. Beuttler for

preparing the first draught of the Vocabulary.

J. S. PHILLPOTTS.Jan. 1877.

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

THE principal change in the Second Edition is that the

First Chapter has been made still easier than before. This

improvement has been effected, not by altering the text

(which might have caused inconvenience in schools where

the former Edition was already in use), but by additions

to the notes. The verb-forms are the great stumbling-

block to beginners, and throughout the first 300 lines everysuch form likely to cause any difficulty has been 'parsed.'

The aim of these Easy Selections is to enable a boy to

1If variety is desired, the 'Stories of Rhampsinitus and Marathon'

(Rivington, 2nd ed. 1877) may be used as a bridge between the two.

PREFACE. V

begin construing at once, without the intervention of any

Greek Reader or Delectus. At the request of the boys

themselves the book was introduced into a form, where manyhad begun their Greek Grammar but two or three weeks

previously ;and the experiment was found thoroughly suc-

cessful. Should it^be thought that a reading-book is out

of place at so early a stage, it must be remembered that

by the time boys begin Greek, the chief difficulties of trans-

lation from a foreign language have been already mastered

in Latin, if not in French as well. With Grammar and

Vocabulary a boy can begin construing almost as soon as

he knows the alphabet. The need of constant reference to

the Accidence to help him in this task makes an intelligent

boy look upon his Grammar as a friend rather than as a

foe; whereas, if he learns paradigms alone for several weeks

or months, he soon loses the interest of novelty in disgust

at the dryness of the method. The standard of accuracy

need not be lowered, but the required amount of accuracy

may be achieved as completely with a more ready coopera-

tion on the part of the learner. After all, we educate non

scholae sect vitae; and if, as we profess, our chief aim is to

develope intelligence, we cannot afford to dispense with the

exercise of it at any stage.

The First Edition was not stereotyped, on purpose to leave

room for alterations. Several minor additions are now intro-

duced, and the whole has been most carefully revised and

corrected. Should any errata still have escaped detection,

the Editors will be greatly obliged to any one who will send

a line to either of them.

J. S. PHILLPOTTS, GRAMMAR SCHOOL, BEDFORD.

C. S. JERRAM, WINDLESHAM, SURREY.

July, 1878.

CONTENTS.PAGE

SECT. I. The March towards Babylon .... i

Notes 107

II. The Battle of Cunaxa and its Results . . 14

Notes 118

,. III. Beginning of the Retreat 20

Notes 121

IV. The March to Kurdistan 29

Notes 126

V. The March through Armenia 44

Notes . .' 136

VI. Trapezus and Sinope 57

Notes 145

VII. Sinope to Chrysopolis 7>

Notes 155

VIII. Concluding Scenes of the Retreat ... 84

Notes 164

Vocabulary 179

Grammatical Register . c ajj

Map shewing the route of the Greeks.

DATES OF

GREEK AND PERSIAN HISTORY.

B.C.

Cyrus the Great founds the Persian Empire . . . 559

Subdues Croesus and Asiatic Greeks, and takes Babylon 546-538

Cambyses his son succeeds . . . . . . . 529Darius I (Hystaspes) . . . . . . . 521

Ionian towns revolt from Persia ..... 500

Sardis burnt by the Athenians 499

First Persian Invasion of Greece. Marathon . . . 490

Xerxes succeeds to the throne 485

Second Persian Invasion. Salamis 480

[Athenian Ascendancy 480-430]

Artaxerxes I succeeds ....... 465

Peloponnesian "War begins 431

Darius II (Nothus) succeeds . . . . . 424

Tissaphernes made Satrap of Asia Minor . . . 413

Tissaphernes makes treaty with Sparta . . . . 411

Cyrus the Younger, son of Darius, supersedes Tissaphernes 407

Artaxerxes II (Mnemon) succeeds to the throne . . 405

Peloponnesian "War ends. Athens taken by Lysander . 404

Cyrus rebels against his brother Artaxerxes . 401

EXPEDITION OF CYRUS.

Departure from Sardis .... March 6th 401

Arrival at the Maeander .... ,, 9th ,.

Celaenae 2oth

Caystri Pedion .... May ist

Tyriaeum 8th ,,

Tarsus June 6th

Issus ...... 28th

Myriandrus .... July 6th

Through the Arabian Desert . . . Aug. 8th I3th

Butt] ft of Cunaxa ..... Sept. 7th

viii DATES OF GREEK AND PERSIAN HISTORY.

THE RETREAT.

B.C.

The Greeks begin their Retreat . . Sept. 8th 401

Truce made with the king .... loth

Arrival at Sittace Oct. nth

Murder of the five generals .... 29th

They cross the mountains into Kurdistan . Nov. 2oth

Enter Armenia 29th

First fall of snow Dec. 6th

In the Armenian villages .... ,, i8th 2ist

Arrive at the Harpasus .... Jan. I9th 400

First view of the sea Feb. ist

Arrive at Trapezus ..... 1 3th ,,

Cotyora April I3th

Sinope June 24th

Ileraclea July ist

Chrysopolis Aug. Jth

The Greeks take service with Seuthes . . Dec. 5th

They join Thibron,.the Spartan geueral March 5th 309

SUCCEEDING HISTORY.

Agesilaus is made king of Sparta ..... 898He defeats Tissaphemes at Sardis ..... 395

Battle of Coronea 394Peace of A utalcidas 387

Philip becomes King of Macedon 359

Philip prepares Greek expedition against Darius III

(Codomannus) King of Persia, but dies. Alexander

succeeds Philip 330

Battle of the Granlcus 334

Defeat of Darius at Issus 833

Final defeat at Arbela. Alexander takes Babylon . . 88O

Death of Darius 331

Persian Empire completely subjugated . . . 828

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

HOPLITES ARMING (from an Attic Vase

Painting) frontispiece

ITTTTCISAND Toô-n/s (from an AtticVase Painting) p. x

THE BATTLE OF Issus (from a Mosaic at

Pompeii) toface p. 14

NIKE OF BRESCIA 16

CHARIOT AND SATRAP (from a Sidon Sarco-

phagus) ,,35COINS WITH Zeus SwT^p (Agrigentum). COINS

WITH 2^>v8ov^r^s (Aspendus)... ,,41poi (from the Parthenon Frieze) . ,, 48

(from the Parthenon Frieze) . . 59

a (from a Sidon Sarcophagus) . ,,72PERSIANS IN BATTLE (from a Sidon Sarco-

phagus) go

E. s.

!,- AND Toon/J

(FROM AN ATTIC VASE PAINUWO')

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

CHAPTER I.

THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

The two brothers. Their father dies. Artaxerxes succeeds.

Aapet'ou KOI napwanbos ylyvovrai TraiSes bvo, KO!

Trpeo-pvTfpos \iiv eoriv 'ApTaepq?, vcvrfpos bf Kupos.

Aapeu)? 6e dcrfleixSy, KCU ijbr] jueAXcoy davetv, /SovAerai

ap.(j)OTep(a rw TrcuSf Trap-eii/at. 6 fxey oSy Ttpefffivrepos

i. Aapeios 6e KeAevct rov Kvpoi> ava-fiaii'tiv 5

? ^ (7T ' o-aT-paTTJ]?. o 6' ovv Kvpos

rpiaKOcriovs OTrAtVas raiy'

ei Tiffaafytpvriv crvv

0i'Aoy. dra-jSas 6 KCpos In eortv ey rots

ore 6 fxev Aapeios reAeura 'Apra^f'p^s 8e yiyrerai 10

M disgraced. He courts popularity, intending revolt.

uTo-aê'pyrjs 8ia-j3aAAet TOV Kvpor, (pavKatv

rc5 'Apraep|r; on o Kvpos e7Tt-j3ovAevi avr<S. o 8^

'Aprae'p]s Trei'êrai re Kal (rv\-\afj.ftavei Kvpov KOI

B


15 /3ovAerat jj.\v a-rro-KTflvai. avrov, rje juTjr?]p e^-

O.VTOV aTTo-Tre'/xirei TrdAiy em T?/I> apx^y. o ê Kvpos OTT-

e'pxfrai, KOI "fir] fjMTfl TOV abeXfyov, KOL /3of/\ewerai OTTO)?

(3acrL\fv(Tfi. avr' e/cetVou. KCU Ilapvfrarts re?; M^rrjp $tAet

roy KCpoy /xaA\oi> f; TOV (3a<n\evovTa 'Apra^fp^v KOI

200 Kpos airos \ap[^Tai rols Flepcrat?, ocrot afy-iKVovvrai

Trapa âaiAe'coj Trpo? avrbv, cocrre Kat ovrot yiyfoj/rat juaAAov

eaura) ^>tAoi 17 /3a<nAei. j(apt^TOt 8e xai TO?? /3ap/3apuis

rot9 Trap' eavra), tâ aJaty ewrof Kai e7rt-/ieAeirat ai/raiy, tW

e,UTretptay ro?) TroAefxety *at aOpoifa orpancoTas

Cyrus collects officers and troops secretly.

SvA-Ae'yet 5e orpdrev/ia ei^ XeppoyTjcro) <58e. KAe'apôs

CTTI <f)vya ra XPWaTa cruA-Ae'yei arpdrev/ua, xat cruA-Ae'âs

3 TToAe/jtei TO?? 0pat ftoi]6u>v TCUS Tro'Aecri rwy 'EAA^&jy.

avrat oe at Tro'Aeis itap-txovaiv aijra) ^pr/nara i? r?/y rpo-

<^T)V TWi' OTpari(rc5y. TOUTO 6e TO crrpdrei/ia rpe'0erai

T(S Kvpw \dOpa. eTretra 6 KCpos iceAeyei rTpo'êvov TOV

Botwrioj; KOI dAAovs dvA-Ae'yeti' orpartcora?, (pdcrK<av on

35 ySovAerai <rTpareve(T0ai ets Dio-tSas' ovroi yap

r eaurou &. xal ovroi TIOIOVCTIV

Cyrus begins his march, lissaphernes warns the king.

Kvpos 8e 7/8/7 /3ouAd/xeros ava-fiaivtw aOpoifci TO

fiapfiapiKov KOI TO 'EAArjfiKoj; orpdYev/ua. cai

TOV Te KAe'apxoj; KOI TOVV aAAovj, Aa/SoVra? Ta e

40 crTpOTcv/iaTa, Trap-eirai awrw eis SdpSfty. OVTOI

7. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. 3

a(f>-iKvovvT<u. "TKra-a^pvrjs Se aKOvcras ravra, Kat tyofiov-

TO ir\ijQo'i TTJS irapaaKfVTJs, iropeveTat Trpos /3ao"tAea

fVTaKoa-iovs tTrWas. Kai /3a<rtAev9 /xei> 8rj,

Trapa Tio-craêpz'ous on 6 Kupo? afa-/3au>ei, xat

d^rt-7rapa-o-/cei;aê7ai. Kw/aos 8e e^wy roCro ro 45

va-fiaivei. airb 2dpêwf, /cat

AvSt'a? em ro^ Matavbpov -n

Menon and Clearchus join. A halt. A review.

TOVTOV 8e TOV Trorajiou TO fvpos eari fivo itXiQpa.'

6e 7r-eo-rt rw TTOTOJUO) eTn-Keijuanj TrAotots 7rra. Kat 8ia-

/3as roi' Tiorajuof e^-eAawei 8ta $>pvyas ets KoAo<r(rds. 50

/cai evTCLvOa jueVfi ^jue'pa? eTrrd' (cat MeVcou 6 erraAos irdp-

)(i\iovs oTrAtra? xat Tre^ra/com'ous TTeArao-rds.

6 KOpos e^-eAawet ets KeAatra?, Tro'Aty T^S

t'as. (vravOd eort /3ao-i'Aeta Kvpw Kai 7Tapa8ei<ros

/jtf yas 7rA?/pi;$ aypiwv Orjpiutv, a avros dijpevei CLTTO iwiroVj 55

(3uv\r]Ta.i yvn.va.crai kavrov re /cat TOI/S IT

Kpo? /xeVet rptd/coi'ra ^p.epas* /cat

6 AoKeSat/xoVtos cpuyas Trdp-eo-rtf, e';(Ctu> oTiAtras x^ 1

'

01* 5

xat TreAraoras Kat roo'ray. /cat kvravOa KCpo? Troiet

l^ratrtv xat apidnov rS>v 'EAArjywy ei/ rai 7rapa8eta<o. 60

(cat ytycoirat oTrAtrat /xef juv/)toi KOI x i/ôi, TreAraorat 8e

8ts-xtAtot.

Arrival of Cilician Queen. Another review,

'Ei'Tfvdfv e^-eAaui'et ets Kepa/icoy ayopav, KOI fVTevOfv

ets KancrTpoi; TreStor, Kat jueVet 7/juepa? Tre'/'re. (vravOa

'ETrvafa // yuyjj TOV KiAtKow /3aatAe'a>s dc/)-tKrerrai Trapa 65

KCpof Kat 8t8co(Tt Kvpco \pr]fj.aTa TroAAd. cvrfvOfv f-\avvfi eis Tuptatoy. Kat e^TaiJâ

77Kt'Atcro-a Setrai

B 2

4 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

Kvpov e7ri-8etai TO or/sdrev/xa ayri)' 6 8e audis troieirai

r /cat TO

70 AfXewei Se rovs "EXXj/yas ra^^rai ourcoj, a>? flu>da.(ri

Ta,TT(r6ai. as nid^jjy. rdrro^rai ovv em TfTTapW KCU

TO b(iov Ke'pas, KXe'apôs 5e TO evwry-

',ot 5' aAXoi orparTjyot exoutri TO

Review. Manoeuvres, Orders to charge.

'O 5e KSpos fleoopet -np&Tov ^(v TOUS fiapfidpovs' ol

75 Se Trap-eXawovo-i TCTayp.e'roi *caTa Tacts' eiTa 8e 6(a>pti

TOWS "EXXTjras, avToy irap-eXayz^cov f<^> ap/xaTO?, /cat?/

KiXtaaa e^)' ap/xa/ia;s. -Trd^Tes 5e exoucrt ifpavf) \a\Ka/cat 17"^^^? coti'iKious /cat K^jutSas Kat TOS ao-Trt'Sa? e/c-

80 TO ap/xa irpo T^S ^)dXayyos, we/jiTrci TOI> eppirjve'a irapa

Toi;y cTTpaTT^you? Ttoy(

EA\i}l>a>l>. Kat /ceXcuet aurov? Trpo-

/3aX(T0at ra o~Xa /cat oXrjy T?)I> <âXayya e^-teVat. ol

8e Xe'youat Tawa TOI? <TTpaTtwTats* /cat 7/5rj ?/

ol 5e 7rpo-/3aXXo'juerot Ta orrXa e7r-cp\oj/Tat.

7/v mock-charge terrifies the barbarians.

85 'Ec 8e TOVTOU ot aTpaTtomu, Trpo-tdrre?

Kpavyfj, xcopovai Spo'/xa) (TTI Tas cntrjvds' iro\vs Sc ^>o'/3os

TOIS /3ap/3dpois. KOI17

Te KtXio-<ra (bfvyfi (K Tijf

s, cai ol e/c TTJS dyopas c/>evyov<ri /caTa-Xtirdrrcs Ta

covta* ol 6e*EXXijvey <ri/i> ye'Xwrt epôvTat e::! TOS a/cr/pas.

90 ?; 8c Ki'Xtoro-a t5ou<ra Tr)f Xa/^TTpoTrjTa KOI TTJV Taiv roO

ei. Kvpos 5c ?/5Tat tfiwv TOWS "EX-

TaOôvs iroXXoi5 ety Tapaous TJJS KtXt/cta;,

7//xpas

7. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

The army refuses to proceed. Clcarchus holds a meeting

ith bis men.

ol orpanamH OVK (6t\ov<nv ttvai TrpoVaT 7/877 95

yap vop.Lôv(n rov aroXov tirat firl /3acnAea. Trpa/ros 8e

KAe'apôy /Staêrai TOTJS eavroO arpartcoTas uvai* 01 8e

/3aAAoTj<ru; CLVTOV Allots, ooare OTJ Swarai Trpo-tc'i'cu. 6 8

eavrou

ol 8

re /cai crtcoTiaimi'. eTra 8e Aeyei

Speech of Clearchus. \.'I'ow compel me to choose between

betraying the cause of Cyrus and deserting you!

oTpariarai, /XT av/xcTe on

rots Ttap-oiaL Tipdy/xam. Kvpos yap eyeVero

xat Irtfujtr^ ê (pewyot-ra e*c r^s 7rarpi8oy, *cat

noAAa \pri\j.aia. eyw 8e Aa/3wy raCra eSaTrd/'coy OVK eis 105

ffj.avToi> dAA' ew v/ias. xat Trpwroi'

roi/j 0pa<cas, xai a></>e'Aouj> TOVS "EAAr/vas

fTTfibi] 8e Kupos CKaAet /-te, ro're Aa/3a>y v/xa?

tya &(f)f\oir)V avrbv dirt ra)y Trpos

8e v/xeis viJy ov fiovXfaOf (rvfj.-nop(v((r6ai fjiot, avaynr] p.oi no

eoriv17 7rpo-8oVn vjuas \pijcrOai. ry Kvpov </>tAt'a, f;

8oVri avrov aTT-uVat /xe^' VfJi&v."

ii.' / choose the former alternative!

u Et /Liey 87^ 8t/caia Trouycroo, OWK ol8a*

OVTWV, atp77<ro/Jtai OTJ KiSpoi; dAA' v/jtas* /cat,

OTJ fle'Aere 7recrât e/iot, eyco ttyo/icu o-vyTjju,t2;.

iis

yap v/xas e?i/ai //oi KOI Trarpi'Sa xai cpi\ovs KOI

KCU (Tvi' TJ/XII; juev oio/Aat cu> eiât rtjuios, OTTOU


av u/ ai'fv bf vp-wv OVK av bvvai^v ovre wfrcXfjaai </>iAot>,

ovTf a\eacr6ai fÔpov. tore ovv e/ue toVra, OTTOI av /cat

20 j'/ms t?/r." raura et7;ei>' ol bf orpanamu aKovcr

eTT-7/recray amov' irapa 6e "Etviov Kal

7) 8ts-xt'Atot A.a/3oWes ra o?rAa

Trapa

Clearcbus pretends to break with Cyrus. Second address to

the soldiers. \.'

Cyrus is justly angry with us a/L'

'Eii'Tavda Kvpos /ler-eW/xTrero TOV KAe'a^xo^' <^ Se OJ/K

125 f]0e\(v Uvai, TTffj.T[u>v 8e ai/rw ayyeAov eAeye 0appt.lv tifpl

TOVTMV' fKt\(ve 8e roy KCpoy |ueTa-7T/^77e<r0ai avrov

bfVTfpov' Kvpov 5e /xera-Trejuxâ/jteVov, TraAif ou/c ?/0eAft/

iVrai. /uera 5e raura (rvr-ayaywr TOUS crrpaTKoras e

Tota8e* " Nu^ ovi>, ar8pes (Trpartwrat, oi!re

130 etr/uey o-rpartwrat row KV/JOU, OUTC e/cetvos en

c<mi> ^/xiy. ou 8e vopifa tavrov abiKflrrOati>if) fjf

olio.' wore oufc eêAco eAê?^ Trap' avrbv, Kaiitfp

TTffj.Ti6iJ.fv6v jue. al(T^vvo\j.aL re yap ort ex/feuoyxai avrbv,

KOI bfbotKO.fJLT]

blO. TOVTO flTl-Ofl fXOt biK1]V, On VOjJ.lfl

'35 r}8iK7](râi tiir'e'/

ii.'/ff a therefore in an awkward position. What is

to be done?'

'E/jtol ouj; OOK? OVK tTâi Katpbv i][j.lv KaO-fvbav, aAAa

(3ov\fVf<r0at, o TI XP^ Troieir j/8j/. xat ews re

xa e?;

ao-<pa\e'(Trara air-fonfv, Kal OTTCOS f^wfjifv ra eTTir7/8eia'

yap TOVTMV ovre (rrparTjyos oi/re t8twr?;s ato's ea-rtf

6 8e Kuos )TfrlMOJ /ue

'

i; *"ri </>''Aos row-

I. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

rots, ot ay (ptAos 77,

bs 17' eêi yap bvvafj.i.v Kal 7re?/i> Kai iTTTTi/c^f KOI

7/y mures rêls opw/LttV re /cat eTriarap-ffla' M5

ware Kaipo's cart Ae'yeti' o TI rts rop.<'ei apicnov elvai.'

The army send to Cyrus to ask his intentions. His answer.

Mera ravra avfj.-flov\fV(TdiJ.fVoi Tifp-irovaiv avbpas arvv

w, ot ?}pajrcoy Kvpov o TI ^SowAoiro Troteii'. 6 6e

" 'Axovco 'A/3poKo'/uat', fyOpbv ai'bpa, eti'at

iorafiu)- /3ovA8juai ovv eA0eu> Trpos 150

y 77 eKi, rt/jtcop?j(rofi6â avrbv, Zav 8e

vXfvcroÔa ri XP'J iroieiy e* roi/rcor."

(cat 06 /^tev TrfjijUpfleVres af-ayyeAAoucri zawra TOIS arpa-

rtaJracs' ot 8e VTr-wTTrevoi1

ju,ef on 6 KCpos ayot ai)roi;s

^SatrtAe'a, o/xcos 8e eSo'xet tireaât avrw. dAA ov8e 155

6 Kvpos ârepws etTTty on ayot TO

March into Cilicia. Cbeirisophus joins. Two captains desert.

'EvrevOev e-eAawei ts "lo-crovs ea-âTJ/f TTO'AIJ; TTJS

KiAtKtas' xat evravda e&jKovTa vfjes ex IleXoTrorwjCTOU

Tiap-T/aai; Kvpw. Tiap-ijv 5e xat Xetptaoôs AaKcSat/xoVtov 160

CTU TCOV yewi', e^coi; eTjrafcoai'ovs OTrAtVas. at 8e r?;es ajp/xow

Trapa TTJ^ Kupou (rnr]in]v. 'A/3poKo'|uas 8e, CTTCI ijKovaf Kvpov

WTO. ey KtAt/cia, dâ-o-Tpex/âj CK c&ou'tfcqs a7r-?/Aawe Trapd

/Sao-tAe'a' eTê 8e, ws eAe'yero, rpiaKovra //vptd8as. er-

Kfpo? e^-eAawet 8ta 2uptas ets Mnpta^Spoy, Tio'Ati; 165

vub QoiviKtov fTilrfj 0aAarr?/' xat evravda

6 'Apxas, (7Tpar?jyos, xat Flaatcoy 6 Meyapevs

ets TrAotov a


Generosity of Cyrus.

(pxovro, Trdvres eAeyov <m Kvpos

avrovs rpo/pfcri. 6 8e (rvy-KaAeWs row? arpanjyovs

tiTTfi''" Eem'as Kat ITa<nW a7ro-AeAoi7rafriz> 7;/uas. dA.X'

OVK atro-btbpa.Ka<nv (o78a yap oirr] otôrrat), ovoe arro-

fx * y^P rpiT/pei?, (oarf 8wao-0ai eAeu> TO

irAotoj').aAA' oi>/c eycoye Stw^w avrovs, ov8e

175 KCIKWS TTonyaca TOVJ (^lAouj, o*t ay ôvAwyrai

aAA a tr&xrav ol avOp^not, etSo'res ort KO.KIOVS ciat

?//â?, ^ ê?9 e<rp.v Trept eKeiVouj." ât 6 f>ty Kvposravra* ol 8e

<

'EAA?/ês, aKOvoi^res r^y Kvpou a

o-vy-C7ropevoi'ro avrw TrpoOvpoTtpov CK rovrov.

Cyrus declares the real object of the expedition.

180 M<ra ravra Kvpos f^-eAavyei k~n\ TOV Ev^pdrr/v

Kol evravOa /ixfra-7rep.\^dju.eyos rovs orpaTi/yovs

'E\\^vd)V eAcyev on ?; ooos laotro irpos /SaatAea

eis Ba/3vA<St>a' Kat efce'Aevo'ei' avrovs Aeycty ravra

rots orpartwrais, icai -neidftv avrovs CTrccrâi. ol e

85 orpanwrai f\a\f-rraivov rois orparTjyois Kai OVK ?/0eAoi>

Ze't-ai, ei /UT) Kvpos 80117 avroty TrAetco x/3T/luaTa - &

8e arparryyot aTT-r/yyeAAoy ravra Kvpa>' 6 8' V7r-e

Sovvai. 01 p.ev 8^ TrAeroroi raif 'EAATjpcoy ovrcos CT

cross the Euphrates, and enter Arabia. Description of

the desert. Hunting wild animals.

190 Aia-/3dz>res 8e TOV Ev0pdr;i/ irora/xof iropfvovrai 8ia

rovrw 8e ra5 roTrw

8e

I. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

et> ovoi ayptot, iroAAot 8e arpovOol

oi //eydAof Tycraz; 5e Kat a>Tt'8es KOI 8op/caSes. ot 8e iTTTreT?

fbiu>Kov TO.VTO. TO. 6r]pia. KCU oi /xev ot'ot, ewei 195

8iw/cot avrovs, 77po-8pa/>ioWes eoratrav* erpeôr yap

TU)V LTTTTCDV' KOL TTaXu>, TTfl ol 17T7TOI TT\r)rnd-

vTov' KO.I ov pqbiov i]V Xofiflv TOVS

orovs* ra 6e Kpea rwy O.\LUKO^VWV ovuv o'/xcua ?}y TOIS

Kpe'acrt, cbraAwrepa 8e. 2

Ostriches. Bustards. Scarcity offood.

ot

oi yap vrpovdol e-e'<euyof TrpoVco,

juey Trocrt Tjpos TO Spa/.ieii;, raw 8e irrtpvfyv atpo/xe-

s, (oa-Trep lom'ois. ras 8e wriSas Siâroy j^y Xafj.(3dveiv,

rts raxv ay-tarat?; avras' Tre'royrai yap /3pa\v, coawep 205

s, KOI ra\v a77o-Ka/zi>owi êvyovaai. ra 8e Kpe'a

7j8tora f/y. *cai ey ravrr/ r^ fp^jjuw iroAAa Twy

aTT-wAero WTTO Ai/xov' ov yap TJI> x '/97

"

05' Ka '

o o-tros 7r-e'Ai7rez; avro TO (TTpaTef/jta, Kat ov/c eSvâfTo

npiacrdai.2l

Forced marches. Energy of Cyrus1

staff.

FIoAAaKtj 8e 6 Kvpos 7/Aavi-e Tois a-radfj-ovs Tfdvv /xa-

/cpous, oTTOTe /SovAotTo aty-LKtaOat. rj 7rp6s vStop rj irpos xtAoy.

al a/xaât OVK eSvt'ayTo 77po-j((opeti' 8ta T^y

TC at T0i irri\ov. 6 ovv KCpos e7rt-o-Tas fri/f

TO?S wept avrov dptcrTot? eKc'Aeuae TOWS lauTov (TTpaTtcoTas 215

0uv-fK-(BLf3detv TO.S a/xaâs. eTrct 8e e8o'KOiy OVTO) o"X"

Aai'co? Troterf TOUTO, eKe'Aev(re TOI;? KpaTtrrrovs TW^ Ilepacliy

o-w-tTri-oTrewai TOS ctjuaâs. eVâ 8^ tSoi av Tt? /ue'pos

Tt TT/S evTa^ta? avTcof pivâ^Tes yap TOS TropQvpas xâ *

IO SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

p.u'5as Zcmevbov Spa/xoyres Kara TOV Xorpov, ov ZTV\OV

tan/Ko'res. el)(ov 8e ccat TroAvrcAets xiT <*> t>as Ka ' TOlKlXos

draupt'8as" eytoi 8e axoy xat orpeTrrovs Trept rots rpa-

X>/Aois KOI \j/\ia jrept rats \epaiv' o/iws 8e criy rowrois

s ts roy TTI\OI> c-fKOfj.iaai> ras

Traces of the king's troops, treachery of Orontes.

Tioptvop.troi'i avTos

at KOTrpoy 6 5e art/Sos eiKaêro elrat

i'7r7ra)f. ovroi TTpo-iorres eKaiof KOI \iAoj; Kat ra aAAa V

rf; x^/'? XP7/flrlMa ' 'OpoVr7S 8e a/'j;p Oepa-jj?, orvyycvqs

coy /SamAe?, ewi-/3ovAtuct Kwpw* ouros 5e etTrey on, fi

30 Kvpos doi'fj atrip iTTTrt'as )(tAtot;9j KwAyo-fiev ay roj>> rwy

TioAe/xuoy iTTTitas row Kaiew roy x 1^'

17 - TaOra 8e e5oKi

rai Kupa) eti'ai a)(/)A(jua, at eKtAevaey avroy Aa/m/3ayty

Trap' tKaorou ra)y ?;y/xo'rcoy. 6 5e 'Opo'yrr;s ypa(/>ei

irapa /3a<riAa, Ae'ycoy on

235'

Orontes is discovered and arrested*

Tawrrjy r^y cTrurroATjy didaxrt ircorw dy5pt, ws wero.

6 5e KPpos dya-yyovy TT)J

cal avy-KaAci fts r?/y

eaurov o-K?jyjjy eTrra TOI/S dptaroi/s raiy Ilep(rd)i'. /cat

240 exeAeuire rois roiy 'EAATjyajy (rrporrjyovs dyayeiy oTrAtras,

e tVeAevcre QiaQo.1 TO. oir\a irepi TT)y eavroi)

oi 8e e7roi;a-ay TaOra, dyayoyres a>s Tpis-x'Ai'ofy

oTrAtra?. Trap-CKaAetre 8e Kal KAe'apxoy (rvôvAoy' 6

0y, c-r/yyfiAf rots </n'Aots TTjy (cpt'aiy row

eye'yro. c</>; 8

7. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. II

Cyrus conducts the trial. 'Twice already has Oroutes turned

traitor to me.'

(<flap-eKaAeo-a tyzas, avbpes 0t'Aot, OTTCOS

criiv VIJ.LV 7rpda) o TL 5i/caioV eon Trept 'OpoWov TOUTOIH.

ikv yap 6 e/xos irarrip eSco/ce roCroy inrrjuoov flvai

fTiel 6e KeAeua0is ^TTO TOV ffj.ov dSeAôu ovros 250

e/ioi, eya> Trpos-TroAe/xaiy avrw eTrotJjaa Traw-

cracrOai TOV -TroAfîou, KCU e\af3ov beiav Kal e8a>Ka."

" Mera rarra/3

ec/)r;,

"3> 'OpoWa, ri 7}5u?jad ae ;

"6 8e

a7r-K/jt;'aro on Kvpos o^Sey r/5ur](re. TraAt^ 5e 6 KCpos

?}/KoTa,"

Ot'/coCi> vcrrepov dTro-oras eis Muaoi/s KOKWS 255

CTroiets r?jy e/urji1 \topav;" f(f)r)

6 'OpoWrjs TreTrou/KtWi

ruura. "OVKOVI;," e^r; 6 KW/JOS,

f '

varepov e\0(>)V eifl TOV

TIJS 'Apre'/xt8os (3(t)fj.ov TraAty ca>Kas /uoi Tiicrra, Kat

Aa/3es raura Trap' e/xou ;

"6 8e 'O/'o^r?;s a>/xoAoyei cat

rouro. 260

1 This is now the third time. What shall we do with him ?'

"*Ap* ovi>"f(f)r]

6 KCpos,"

d8iKTjêis UJT' ejuou yOi/ TO

ri-^3oi;Acveis e/xot;" 6 8e 'OpoVrrjs etTrev ort ov8e^

j)8iKr/^. itrai>0a o KCpoy ^/wr^<rei; OVTOV "'O/uoAoyeis

ovi^ yeyev^crât a8txos mpt f/xe;""'O/ôAoyw," (/; 6

'OpozTT/s. TrdAty 6 Kupos 7/pwrrjirei' avroV " BovAet ow 265

en yefeVât TO> f/ey ejuuS d8fA(/)ai TioAe'f/tos, e//oi.8e ^>(Aos

at TTIOTOS j" 6 8e aTT-e/cptVaro," O^8e ei yeôt/XTjy <TOI

0iAos, 5) Ki^pe, (rot y' d,y Trore Sofai/txt elyat." Trpos raCra

Kvpos twe TOIS Trap-oixru;," 'O /xei> di'?;p A'yet rotaOra 1

ail 5e JT/WTOSj w KAt'apê, a7ro-07]i;at ryl> (reauroi) yvu>[j.j]i> 270

rrept TOUTOV."


Orontes disappears from the scene.

KAf'apxoj 5e etê rd6V "'Eya>

TOVTOV rov ai'&pa &>s ra^tora, u

rorroz', dAA ua o~xoA?/ j) I]\JA

275 ol 5e aAAot eAeyoj; raurd. /xera ravra aâirrey dra-

(TrotTCs eAa,;3or TT)J C(^' 1??^ ro^ Opovrov CTTI ârdra)' *ra

ol Trpos ToCro reray/^teVoi (^-fr/ov avrov. fTrei 5e 6

-rjre'x^'7 as TJ;V 'ApraTrdrov o-xrji'j/r, rou

oii' KV/JOU or

KTj7iroyxa)f> /^cra rcara ovSeis

280 TrwTTOTe ftSey amov ovTf (s>iTa ovre Te^rr/Ko'ra' rciôs 6e

oidec? avrov etpani mar, ore.

Ne<ws from the kings army. Cyrus encourages bis Greek

soldiers.

Kvpos (-fXavi'd 8id TT/S

vs rpeis. TT/ 5e CTT-IOVO-?; ^p-fpa avrd/ioA.01

/3a(TiAe'a>s a7r-7/yyeAAov Kt}pa> Trepi TJJS

285 j3a(riAe'a)S CTTparias. Kv/ios 5e o-vy-KoAe'tras roi/s arpa-

TT/yov? >cai Aoâyovs rcSi' EAA7jva)i/ (Odpo-vvev CLVTOVS,

Aeycov Totd5e.<<TH aV6"pes "EAXrjres, ov 8ia TOUTO v/xa?

dya), on dôpai avOpdnnav /3ap/3dp&>i', aAA' on vop.C(i)

v/uas etrai dpctfOfas TroAAaii' fiapfidptav. yivtqfle ovv

290 dr5ps dîoi T>/S eAevflcpi'as 7/5 exer6> c^ VP tare, on

/cat a?)r6s eAoi'ju7?^ " T^V' c^fvdfpiav aiTi Tidi'Twv 3>v <l\<a.

cyat 5f, eu eiScoj eis olov dyaira fpêo-ê, 5i5da> v/xds.

ol f*ey yap iroAf/xioi laoiTai TroAAot, icat cn-iWt TroAAf/

Kpavyfi' cav 5e dfd-(rx';o-ê raCra, ovSef dAAo <f)o(3tpov

*95 carat" <cal yap aio-^vroîai 6?) Aeya>i> a>s 5ei/\oi uVir ot V

TT} X */5? av0piioi. eav Se V/LICIS dvSpes ytv^rrOf KO.I

tvroA/jtoi, eyw iroiTjaw TOVJ fzei/ /3ovAo/Vous d7r-

I. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. 13

ou<a8e jÂcorous rois otKOf otojucu 5e TroAAoi/s vju<2i' alp//-

irap' fôl /xe'rar."

^ objector silenced. Fresh promises.

'EvravOa FavAtTTjs ris 7rap-a)i> dire TW Kup&>*" Km JLUJV, 300

a> Kpe, Ae'youcri rivey on î;y VTr-ta

Tra/3-oVra lih&wov' eav 6e ri u yeVijrat, ov

ae (f)a(nv' ertot 8e Aeyovcrty ort oS' ei (3ov\oto, bvvaio

av a7ro-8om'ai oaa iw-lrj(l.'i. o 6e Kvpos ati-iKpivaro'

tori fxt^ iVf^, 2> ai-Spe?, ?; ap^'/ *; Trarpwa, Trpos 305

iav /xe'xpt ov 5ta xaCjua avOpooiroi ov bvuavrat

ot/cea', wpos Se apuTov ê'xpt oS 5ta îfj.&va ov bvvavrai

OLKefv' ol 8e TOU e/îov d8eA<ôi/ <î'Aoi apôvcri Tracrjjs r^s

cf jueVa) \atpas. fav 8e yiKTjo-wê/^ Sei âs jroiâ'ai

rows ?;/xTpovs 0iAov5 apôvras TOVTMV. SWTCO 8e Kat 310

TU>V 'EAArj^cov (TTf(f>ai'ov

rai/ra avroi re ?)o-av jroAv

v rai5ra rots aAAois.

Doubt (whether the king ivill fght. Numbers on both sides.

'EvTavda KA'apx? 7)pf'0 ror KCpov"Otei, ai Kvpe,

Toy d8eA(|)oy fjia^flndaC trot; "Nat, l^)?/ 6 Kvpos, 315"

etTrep ye epio'? eorty dSeAô?, OVK arev /A^X'?5 ^X''1

A?jô//,at Tavrrjv Trjv ap^rfv." evravOa o?) dpi^/xos

eyeWro, raiy /iey 'EAAjjvcov o'TrATrai fjivpioi Kal rerpa-

//era Kvpov /3ap/3up&>y 5eKa /xuptd8es eye'rot'ro. TaJy oe 320

TToAe/ziW eAtyo^ro etrai e/caroj; KOI etico<ri /muptdSes" KOI

Trapa TOVTOVS ?j(raf eÔKis-xiAioi 1777:^19, wf 'ApTayep<r?js

KSpos ef-eAam'ei araQiwv fi>a Ttavrl


raj orpareiJ/ian vvi -reray/^tVa)' a>ero yap /3a(riXea

325 fjia^flaOaL raur?/ r?) iy/jiepa. CTret 8e /SaaiXevs OVK

e/xuxero Sia 7roXAa>i> jy/uiepwy, oi "EAArjrcs (oofro avrbv

OVK fOtXeiv fjid^faOaC uxrre TTJ vvrfpaia Kupov CTTO-

pewero

CHAPTER II.

BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS.

T>{v ^/'w^ coming ! Preparations for the battle.

Tf; Se rpt'rT; ?;//f'pa 6 Kupoj f-nopfVfTO *ca<?-jj//froj eut

roi; apjizaro?, xat ex601"

oAt'yovs e^ raei Trpo eauroC. cat

7y8rj o aradfjios, evOa e/xeAXey dz'a-Traweo-âi, TrXrjcriov i]V.

TOTC br) OarTjyua?, an/p riep(77js, ?rpo-(/)aa'erat eXawcov

5 aua Kpdros* Kai ev^vs (/3oa, Xe'ycov ort /3ao-tXei/j Trpos-

<rvv (rrparfvân TroXXaJ, Trap-eo-Keuaa/xc'ros' ws as

fi*'da> 8^ 7ro\i/s rdpaxoy eyerero. Kvpos 8e *rara-

OTTO roC apfiaros ef-t'8v roi> dtopana, KOI dra-/3as

CTTI roi> iTTTroy eAo/3e ra TraXra eis ras xe^Pas'

7retTa 5e

10 eKcXeuo-e xal TOUS aXXovs e-07rXie<r#cu re cai /ca^-

iara(T0ai ets rd^ci-'. ol 5e ev^v? Kafl-iorarro. Kai

ro Se^toi; xepas Trpos r<S Ev^pdrr;

8e juera Tourov* MeVtov 8e t<rxe TO

cvu>vvfj.ov jfepas ra>y V^XX^wj;. KCpos 8e co"xe ro ptaov

15 KOI unreis 7j(raf (ryy avrw eaKoVioi, (LirXKr/xefoi 0<apa.i'

KOpos

11. BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS. 15

Near approach of the enemy. Their array.

Kat >/8?7 re i\v /xe'<roi> ?/ju,epas, Kal ot TtoAe/xtot OVTTO)

7/rt/ca 8e oei'Ajj eyiyyero, tfyavr] Kortopros

V<f>lht]' vaTfpov oe coaTiep /ue'Aatfd Tts

tfya.ivc.TO eV ra> ireSt'a) Trpo'crco. ore 8e 01 iroAe/xtoi 20

eyy^repoi", raâ 8^ /ecu )(aAKo's ns eAa/XTre, KOI

at Ao'y)(at *cai at raêts Kar-eâtVotro. Kat 170-01; iTTTTeT?

fxey \evKo-6u>pa.Kcs em roC eucow/xov raiy TroAejuiW,

8e rowrwi' yeppoô'pof eô'/jtei'ot 8e Tjtray oTrAtrat

cnriGLv. irpo 8e a^r<Sj; ap//ara ^r, iroAv 25

OTT' dAA?;Aa)i'> raCra 8e ra ap/xara eTx.^ Spe'iraya

K T dô'fcor, ajare 8ta-/co7ireiv rds raets

Tactics of Cyrus frustrated by Clearchus.

Ot 8e /3dp/3apot Trpos-êcraz; aty^ xat /3pa8e'a)?. /cat ey

vro) Ki/pos, Tjap-iXavvwv <rvv rw ep/xijêi /cat aAAots 30

rpwlv rj TtTTopau', e/ce'Aeue ror KAt'apôv ayety ro

orpdYev/xa Kara TO jj.f<rov T&V 7roAe/xuoj>, 6Vt /SacrtAevs

etj e/ce? "'Edy yap roCro," e^>?j," ftKco/xey, Tiavro.

TreTTOtrjKa/jier." 6 8e KAe'cpôs OVK ijOeXev cnro-a-ndaai

TO beiov Ke'pas aTio roi; TTOTOJUOU, <po(3oviJ,evos p.T)KVK\<I)- 35

0ei'?7 eKaTf'pcoêz;* aTr-eKpa'aro 8e r<5 Kvpco,"

'Ejuoi,"

co Kupe,<f

/xeA?j(ret OTTCOS ravra KaAcos ex/." Kat evTavda

o Kvpos en irap-\avvv Kar-eêaro TO o-TpaTeu/xa, 0770-

ets TC TOVS TroAe/xtous Kat et's TOVS

First appearance of Xenophon. Prosperous omens.

Zfvoty&v 8e 'A^fji'aros, t8a>y avTov OLTTO TOV 'EXXrjinKov 40

o-Tparei;/xaros KOI 7rpo$-eA0u>r airw, ?/peTo ei Tt Trap-

1 6 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPFION.

ayye'AAoi. 6 Sc KCpo? (KeXevcrev avrov Xeyeiv Ttaanv on

TO, lepa /caAatJ/. Aeycoy be ravra, fjKovfft dopvftov

toi'Tos Sta T<J> rae&>f, /cat 7/pero ri's o dopv(3o<} etrj. 6 5e

45 zevo<j)>v eiTTev on <n;y(??j/xa Tiap-lpyjETai btvrepov

"fir], /cat 6 KCpos ?;pcro o ri etr; TO <rvvdr]fjia' 6 8^

ait-fKplvaTO, ZET2 2&THP KAI NIKH. 6 5e KSpos

etTTf,"

Ae'xo/xat rof oicorov, KOI rovro eara)."

Tawra a7r-7/\aui'cy eis TO fj.e(rov Trpos T^y eauToC

Victorious onset of the Grecian right wing.

50 Kcu avTiKa ol /uey "EAATjre? eTratdft^by, Kal irpo-

rip\oiTo O.VTIOI TOIS TToAe/^tiots. oi 8e fidpfiapoi (frofiov-

fJLCl'Ot K-K\LVOV<n Kttt <f)VyOV(TI,. KO.I fVTO.v9a br] 01

btuKov (JLCV Kara /cpdroj, tfiowv 8e d\A?;Aois

8po'/ji<>, dAAa eirfcrdai fv Taêt. ra 8e ap/xara

55 17877 r^v Kera rjvio^(av, KCU ol ITTTTOI (fapov CLVTO. bid re

TU>V TroXe/xicof KOI 8ia TW^ 'EAA^ycoi'. ot 8e "EAAryyes,

C7r irpo-t'Soiey Ta apâra, 8i-i0Tafro. dAiyot 8e /cat

Ka.T-tKr\fydr)(iav e/c-TrAayeVrfS* dAAa ov8e OUTOI HiraOov

ovbfv, ovbe aAAos oiSeis ru>v'

E,\\r)i'a)v (TraOfv ovbei' ti>

60 ravTTj rr\ p.d^r)' eAe'yero 8e TIS

Cyrus defeats the king's guard of six thousand.

Kupo? b% 6pS>v TOVS

into r>v ap-tyl avrbv, o/xco? owe auros ovi;-

65 fdMMCCy" dAAa eyj&v TOU? <ri/^ cavroi efafcoo-t'ovs Ivrêas

CO-KO'TTCI o TI /SacrtAevs irotTjo-ot. /cat yap 17861 on f/ceu-os

l)(0t TO /xe'ffoy TOU Ilep<nKo{5 aTpaTev/^.aTos. >cat

8r/ TOTe, eâjv TO nicruv TT}S lauTou (TToaTias, o/ia)9

NIKE OF BRESCIA

77. BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS. I?

tyevcro TOV ciHavvpov Keparos TOV Kvpov. eVet b*

ovo'eis TUIV 'EAAr/z'ooy e/xa^TO avrw, fn-fKajj-TTTCV a>s 70

<vK\w<T(i>v TOWS "EAA7;z>as. eVfla 8?) KCpos eXavvei cu'rioy,

Kai jn/ca rows (âKLS-îXiovs rovs ^po /SatriXe'cos reTay-

(j.4vovs' KOI &ir-fKTivfV 'AprayepcrT/j; ror upôvra ain&v

TJ] (O.VTOV

Cyrus pays the penalty o/ rashness.

rowra) ot Kvpov eaKoViot, opiJ.i]<TavTs eis ro 75

t-eo-7TetpoiTo' 7rA7jy Trai'v &/vlya>i>, 01 <car-

fX.fL(f)drj(rav a^l aiirov. fvravfla<!/?j

o KSpos KaO-opa.

/SacrtAea /cat ro djm^t fKetvov <TTI(|)OS' at ewî/s ftTrwy, "Toy

ai'bpa 6p>," eAawet em CLVTOV, KOL Traiet Kara TO crrepvov,

Kttl TLTptoCfK.fi 8ta TOU 6ti>pO.KOS. (V bf TOUT(i) CLKOVT^fi TtS 80

rw WTTO TOI> 6(f>OaXfj.6v' KOL K?pos re avros

,.KCU o/crw ot apto-roi rwv Trepi avTov eiceu'TO CTT'

6 /Liev ouy KOpos ovrtos creAevTTjtre^' ot 8e

/3ap/3apoi aTT-erajuot1

njy KetyaXyv avrov KOL r?)y Xe *Pa ^J"

beidv. 85

Artaxerxes plunders the camp of Cyrus. He returns to the

attack, and is defeated.

BcunAei/s 8e *at ot avy avrw 8t<oKoz;re

ets TO Kvpou (rrparoTreSoi'. KOI ot fj.cv tv T&>

/êra 'Aptatou, TOU Kwpou VTrdpxov, <pevyou(ri 8ta

roO laurwi; ffrparoTre'Sou ets roy o-raôy, <-v9fV <5p-

fj.r]vro' /3acrtAei/5 8e <cat ot (rui-1 awrw o"t-ap7rabv(ri ro 90

(TTparoTTeSof. Iwetra 8e ot /txey "EAAjjycs r\crQovTO on

j3acriAei)s etr; o-w r<5 crrpare^juart ey rots eavraiy

<|)opots, jSacrtAevs 8e J7Kouo~ey ort ot EAA?jycs yiKw

r? eyayrtovs. fVTavda brj ^SacrtAeus rj6poi.( TOVS

C

l8 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

95 tavTov, no! avv-era.TT(To. is 5e ol "EAATjves tlbov TOVS

TTO\[J.[OVS tyyvs re oWas Kat 7rapa-TTayp.e'rovs, e7r-Jjra

CTT' ai>TOi;s. ol 8e /3ap/3apot ecpevyov* Kat ol "EAAjjres

K&''M 77 S TU>OS. eiraCâ 6e ol "EA-

yap r^

too ol /3aatA(os li

The Greeks, ignorant of the fate of Cyrus, return to their camp.

e olv

EAAj7i>es h'TavOa f.\(apovv, ol iTTTrets Aa-

Toy Ao'</)0i/.6 oe KAe'apx ? W^fMTCt ayyt'Aous cirt

roy \6<f)OV, /cat KeAfvet avrovs d--ayyetAai ra VTiep TO{!

Xu(f}ov ytyro'/ueâ. ol 6t aTr-ayyeAAovfny ort ol TroAf'/xiot

'5 favyovcriv ava Kparos' Kat cy rovro) TyAtos Syero. ef-

6e ol "EAA?^cs eo-Tr/aa^ KOI dj-'-eTravoiTo' KOI

on Kt'pos oySa/AOU âtVotro* ov yap r/5ecra^

CLVTUV Te.Qvr]K.6ra. cSofev oSj' avrois aTT-ieVaf /cat d$-iK-

CTTI ra? aKrjvds. Kara-Aa/jt/3dVoucri 8e ra TrAetora

\pr]iLaTU>v bi-rjpiracriJLtva' KOI ct Tt airiov i] TIOTOV

ill', TOVTO ol aw /SacrtAer 8t-7/p7rao-ay. wore ol Tr

TWf 'EAA?^^^ aSetTrrot T/crav Tyrrav 8e Kat dya

7Tpu> yap TO aTpciTi///a

Greets learn the death of Cyrus, and offer to make

Ariaeus king.

o

H50TI KCpo? OI/TTCO fyaivoiTO' <ibo(v ovv airots Trpo-ieVai

6is TO Tipoffdfv, /cat orv/i-jui'âi TO)

IIpOKA^s KOI FAoCs cA(?oWcs eAeyov OTI KCpoj /xev

KOt, 'Apiatbs 8e TTf(/)vya)s ej; TOJ ffTafytcp et?;, 0^61; w

TT) TipoTfpata. KAeapô? 8f a/coi5o"as TaCra ctT

t Ki^pos Ttdi'ijKd', aTT-ayyt'AAer* 'Aptat'y, OTI, etu

//. BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS. 19

fA0//, 7T(w/<rop;ci> avrbv /3ao-iXea." TO.VTO. etTrc

jj.lv TOWS dyye'Xouy, CLVTUS Se

Jlrtaxerxes calls upon the Greeks to surrender their arms

They refuse.

Mera ravra KijpVKis epôvrai Ttapa âatAews' ?]z/ oe

avT&v aXu;os 'EXX^y. oSrot 8e irpoj-eAô^rfs

on /SatfiAfi/s KeAewei TOVS EAAi/â? Trapa-SiSoVat 125

ra oTrAa. 01 8e "EAArjfes /5apf'cus juei

u/zco? Se, KeAewrraj'ros rou

o n 8tot ano-Kpivacrdai /3ao-tXet. o 8e ctTrey

u Ei /xej' /xt'a rts (<TTIV eXTrts ijua? <r(adijvai TroXejuioSiraj 130

/3a<riAet, eya> avii-fiovXcva) i/jias /îr; Trapa-bibovat TO.

i, OTTTJ JJLOVOI' bvvarov eort." KXeapôs 6c

traro'"'A77-dyye\Xe Trap' ijfj.u>v raSe' ort, eaj>

xer 8e'rj 7//xay cptXovs eiVai /3ao-iXei, TrXet'oi'os a^toi etro- 135

ra oTrXa, 77 napa-8ot.'Tes tiXXw* eay 8e 807

oXep:?/rTO/xey exoz;Tes T" oiXa, ?} aXAa>

7ra/)a-8o'rres.

' Shall it be fence or it-nr ?' Clearchus gives a guarded ansiuer.

'() 8e (I>aXu'os et/ie"" Tafira /jtey 8?) a7r-ayyeXoi5/xi''

dAAu ^3amAevs tK(\fVcrev ?//jias etTrerv v/xt^ Kat rd8e' on, iô

ta^ fiet' p.(v>]T (vQdfe, ff-novbal HcrovTat, fav 8e cnr-ujre r}

Trpo-tTjre, 77oAfp.os IcTTat. curare ovr Kat ?rept TOVTOV avep

vpilv 8oKt." KAe'apxos 8e eAe^cf"'ATT-dyyeAAe TOIVVV

on TO.VTU 8oKi 7)p.ti>, aTiep KOI /3a<nAei 8oct." " Tt ovy

can ravra j

"f<pq o âXtvos. o 8e KAeapxos air-fKpt- 1^5

C 2


varo' " 'Ear p.ev fteVco/xfr, (movbal errorrat, (uv

i1

i) 7I/JO-ICO/X6J1

, Tjo'Ae/jio? carat. o 8e

TrjGC'"SirorSaj ?} 77o'Ae//oy aTT-

e cm-(Kpii>a.TO'"Sirovbal fjifv fjiu

cnr-ioOtriiJ ?; TT/JO-iioCcrti;."o ri o irou/aoi

Armetis advises the Greeks to retreat, and offers to conduct them.

(v/Kai ot avv avrut MÔVTO. na

01 TTf^ê'i'Tej Trpos'

Apiatov Tia\iv iJKoV IWTOI Se

V </;cri TroAAous tlvai ITe'paas

155 TOW, 01 OJ;K ea<roucrtv CLVTOV f3a<TL\tveiV ei

77a/)-U>ai>

, aiiros <JH]<JIV air-i^vat evOvs." o b'

ovv KAt'apôs }yctTo rols aAAoi?, ol 6e ciVoj/ro airoj'

KOI a<l>- IKVOVVTO napa 'ApLcuov afj.<pl /ae''ms iruKTas. Kai

160 ot r'

EAAî'ey KCU o 'A/nates &JJ.O<JQV aAA?/Aois (rt'/ajuaôi

t<T(cr6ai' ol bf fidpfiapot 7rpos-cu/iO(raj> ij-yrjcrfaOm TOIS

CHAPTER III.

BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT.

Greets approach the king's troops, <who retreat in fear.

t 5e ?//mepa tyevero, (iropevovTO, expires TOV ij\iov

iv 8cta' KOI a/xa f/Ata) SWOVTI d(/)-uoiro eis Koj

777. BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 11

Tivas rfjs Ba/3uAoWa? x^Pas - evTwQa t&ofay opav TTO-

\t[uovs CTTTieas' ol 6e 77po-7re/^$0eW CTKOTTOI ~na\iv

r*/coi', Aeyorres on ov^ iTTTms tier, dA/V inrovyia ye/ôjuera. S

xai eu0is Trdyre? Hyvuxrav on /3ant/\ei;s eyyvs TTOV (.arpa-

ro7re5et'ero' xai yap KCLTTVOS ec/jatVero ei> KW//CIS ou

TTp6(ru>. rfi8e vrrrepaLq ovrf virofuytoi; oi/6e^, oure

KnTTr'os, ovre crrparoTreSoz' (j>avr]. jSaatAevs- 8e,ww5 eoixe,

(<lw(3r)di] rfi Z(p6bu> TOV o-Tparewjuaros' eSy/Aaxre 6e TOTO 10

TJ/ v(TT(paiqf

a/j,a yap Try r;/xepa e7re/x\//e KT/

T/Sr >f/g- proposes a truce, and offers guides to help them to

get pro-visions. 'Ihe Greeks accept both.

*O 8e KAe'apxos dou(ras T

"'ATr-ayye'AAere /Sao-tAet OT6 5

ov yap eô/xey apiarov' oi5e ToA/xrycret rts Ae'yeiv rots 15

"EAArjcri Trept o-TTo^Swy, ay /XT) irp&Tov TropiV?] airors

apurrov" ol 8e ayyeAoi a7r-?/Aauj'oi', /cat TraAiy f//coi>

v. eAeyoi' 8e ort iJKOifV <-\OVTC$ ^yejuoVa?, ot

O.VTOVS eKeicre, oêy Aa/3otev ra einri/Seta. 6 5e

&WffCV avrov? ?/yet(rât Trpos rd 7rtTr^8eta. 20

i ol /uer r/yoCi/ro* KAe'apxos 8e ewopevero, ex<o^ TO

e^ Taêt, (cat avros oTna-do-

Crossing the trenches. Activity of Clearchus. The Greeks eat

the fruit of the date-palm.

Kat evpoy Tar/)povs TiAr/pets vSaros, ofo OVK cSyt

bia-fiaii'tiv eTioiovvTO ovv 8ta/3dcreis ex Twy

ot 7/<ray er T/J yj&pa. Kol Iv TOVTUI TW epyp o KAeapôs 2s

rots a-rpartcorats, ei' fxcy TT) dpttrTepa x etP'

TO 8o'pu, /; 6e TTJ 5tîa /3a/crrjptaf. cat et Tts


ii] aurw /SAa/cei/eir, eiraie TOV /SAaiceovirra' *at

CLVTOS eitovei (rw airois e/ji-ySau'coy eis rw TrrjAoV a>(rre

TrdWas at<rx i'

l 'ea$at fuj crv-(n;oubdei.v aura). *ai -np&Tov

p.h> ol re&jtepot erdÔrfâv npbs TOVTO TO ZpyoV fird be

TOV KXeapôv crKovbaôvTa, /ecu ol

a^(/3ayoi'. Tropero'/xet'ot 6e afp-inovTO els Kw/

ey at? TrtfXvs (Ttros -?/y /cai otros (ftoii'iKW ouros 8e ?/f

35 ?/6us jj.ev Triveiv, Ke0aAa\y?/s 6e. evTavda ol orpari&irai

npwrov e<pa.yov TOV ey/ce'(aA.oi> roi) (ftoiviKOS' cai oi

i eOavfj.a<Tav TO re et8os KCU r?/y f)bovi]v O.VTOV. i]v

TitsapberxtJ returns with a message from the king. Reply

of Clearchui.

e/uietraz; ?//>ie'pas rpeis' xai TKracupepvrjs T]K.U>V

40 Trapa picyaAou /Sao-iAe'oos lAfye roiaSf,"'Ey^ S arSpcj

"EAA?;fes, yeiVcof oiK<S r?/ 'EAAdSi' >cai <77Ci ciSoj; v/uas

etj TroAAa Kaxa 7re7;ra)foras, T/TOU/ITJV /SacrtAe'a SoCrai c/ziu

aTro-awfrai v/xas ei? T7/y EAAa6a, oiop-ai yap ai i'/xas xai

77<irras rovs "EAAr/ras e^fif ptot \dpiv 8ia rai/ra. xat

45 Trept yikv TOVTOH' /3acriAei/s vTr-ecr^fTO pot

ejct'Aevo-f 5e /xe eptvOai v/îas 5ia TI e

avroz'." Trpo? raOra KAeapôy aTr-e/cpiVaro*"'

oure crvv-ri^dop.ev ws 7roA6p:?/<r(HTe9 j3a<riAet, cure TTO-

pevofjifda (irl /3a(riAea* aAAa Kfpoy a^-7;yayef ?;/ias

50 ei'0a5c. <Vel 6e eoopaifiey avrw ez' dôpois orra, rivyvv-

Oij^LfV irpo-bovvai avrov. vvv be, enel Kvpos redvrjK^v

cure /3oi>Ao/i0a /ca*cws Troiciv n/y /SauiAtais x<apav, ovrf

aiio-KTfirai avrov' iropevoifêda 8' aj> oixaSe, <i rts JXT)

AuTrot'r; T/îas* ^dv 8e ris

.5 ap-ircMtfcu O.VTOV"

III. BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 2$

Tissaphernes engages to conduct the Greeks home in safety.

'O Se Ti<j<ra<l)pvr]$ dfcowas enre'" TaOra eyo> an-

ayyfAw (3a<n\el' at 8e cnrovbal [Acvdvrwv, jê'xpt av TrdAty

7jKo>." 'O 8' ovv wxero'

Tf/

^ Tpti">l W*P<t t'lîav eAeye

rotciSe," BamAev? juef 8t5coa-i />toi aa>eu; i>juas ei? T^y

'EAAaSa* tâs 8' a3 8e?j(ret djuoVai fffuv, T) p/y iro- 60

pevecrOai w? 8ta (/)tAtaj x^Pa? ) Aa/xjSayoyraj o-ira Kat

Trora, oTiorav JMJJ Trap-e'xw/xey ayopdv fav 8e ayopav

^wreicTât ra e7rtT?/8eta." TaCra I6ofe rots

xat Ttcraaêpy//? w/xoo-e re cai 8eftay !&)

rots rajyc

EAA?/i'(oi' orpanjyot? KCU Aoâyots. fxera oe 65

etTre'" Nw ju,ei> 8r) aTT-ei/^t Trpo?

Aty, Kat aTT-a^co vîas ets r^y 'EAAaSa."

'f Greeks begin to mistrust Tissaphernes and Ariaeus. Advice

of ClearchuSy' !./ KJ wa^f /^ Af <2/" or situation.'

Mera raura ot re EAA?jyes Kat 'Aptatos irfpt.-eiJ.tvov

pj>/7i' j;^te'pas TrAetous ^ etKo<rt^. eiret 8e ov^ 7

ot o-rpartwrat dxô'/xeyot, KUI vzr-OTrrevovres roy

'AptaToy, ju^ ou Trttrroj et>], Trpos-rfecray rw KAetip^w, Kat

i}iovi> aTT-teyat v^vs. 6 8e a-n-eKpCvaro avrots rotaSe,"'Ey&> ey-û/xoC/xai jixey raCra Trdyra' eay 8f y{)y OTT-

t'co/jiey, 8o'o/jiey Trotety -Trapa raj o-7roi-8a?. eirttra ovSets 75

7;ap-e'êt 7;/xty ayopav, o^Se ^yTJcrerat ?//xty; Kai 'Aptatos

eiiîi? a7ro-^3?j(rerai, wore owSets (pi'Aos AeAft\/A6rai r//Ary.

Kat et juey rts KOI aAAos Trora/xos 8ta-/3are'os eorty, OVK

ot8a* ta/uey 8e ort d8vi'aro'y eart 8ta-/3^yat roy Ev^pcirrjy,

77oAe/^.ta)y KcoAuo'yrwy. Kai ?)jUfrs /xey o^x \o^.cv tTTTrea?, 80

rots 8e iroAejutots iTniets etcn TfAeto-rof aiare I'tK&iyres /xey


ovbtva o.v a-no-K.Te[va,i[j.ev, vuuapevoL be

a. el fj.ev ovv /3a<nAei/s /3ovAerat

,TI bel avTov fin-opKrjaai KOL \l/ev(ra(rdai, KOL irotT/rrai

ra 77tora eavTov aTrtoraw

EAA)jirt re /cat /3ap/3dpots ;

"

^ Greeks begin their retreat, cross the Tigris, and continue

their march through Media.

'El' 8e TGI/TO) ?//ce Ticrcra(f>tpi>ris

6 8e ?;yetro ro?? *EAA)/(

ayopaz>. eTropewero 8e KOI Apiatos (rvi>

roTreSevero crw air<3. ot 8e

rourovj, x^P'5 Iwo/jevoiTO*

a.[j.(f)6Tfpoi be etyvX&TTovTo dAA?/Aous c3<T7rep -TroAc/Atov?.

ovrw TTopevoêvoL cKp-iKovro f-nl TO MrjSias reives, fat

nap-f)\.0ov fl(ra) avrov. evrevOev 5' (iropevOijaav eirl TOV

Tiypjjra iroTa[j.oi>) Tipo? <o TroAis rjv jueydA?;, ^

95 SITTOKT]' Kat fvravOa efjLevov Ti]V VVKTCL.

rouror toy Trorajuor, fTTopfvOrjrrav 8ta r^s M?j8ias araO-

TToAAoi/s, exoi'res ror Tt'ypj/ra "noraôv ev dptorepa.

be TOV TroTa.fj.ov aAArj ^y TTO'AI?, ovop.a Katrat, f 7)5

01 j8dp/3apot Si-7/yor rots "EAA?;(riy aprous, rvpois, oa-or.

Increasing mistrust. Clearchus addresses Tissaphernes. i. '5T

</o wrong in suspecting us, for all our dependence is upon you'

too Mcra raCra aty-LKVovvTat. errt TO^ ZaTrdray Trora/xor, KOI

evTavda eêivav ^/ae'pas rpets* ey 8e ravrais ^jue'paiy

{/nonfat rjcsav aAA?jAa>i^ Sxritep TO Trpo&Oev. eboev ovt?

T(J) K\cdpx<) <Tvy-yevecrQai ra> Tiaaafyepvet.

rj\6ov, 6 KAcapôs Ae'yet rd8e, "'Eya>,

105 oZ8a fity opKovs ijp.lv ytyevrmtvovs, (J.TI abiKrjcreiv dAAr/Aous.

///. BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 25

e 6p<3 (re (puAarro'/xeyoy 7/p.as a>s

upcoyre? raura dyri-</>uAaTTo'//e0a. /3ovAo'ju.eyos ovt>

ras rotavra? i>7ro\|uas, TJ'KW 8t5aa>y ere ws OVK

7//ny. ol juey yap 6tG>v op/cot KcoAvofcrty

TU>V 8e av6Tru'u>v no

ae eyw i>oîa> /xeytcrroy ez/ai ey T< irap-wn,

yap aot Tratra juef 65os t^Tropo's eort, Tras 5e

8ta-âro's' arev Se aoi) Tratra fxev ?;65os 6ta

ay yeVotro, was 8e Tiorajuos 8va7ropos, Tras 8e

ox^^ 0o/3epo'j. c/)o/3epcorarrj 5' ay et'/ ep^/xta" ep)?/xoi 115

yap oVres ey TroAAfj diropta ajua etro'/xeâ.

y or ô^fJ /5?</ jours are frustrated, should any

misunderstanding arise between us.'

Ae'co 8e Kat oo-coy eATTt'8<o^ e/xaurov ay o-repr/ffatjuii, ei

Tioitiv (re TI KaKoV. eyw yap TO'TC e?r-

Kvpov <f>{\ov /xcu yeveffQat, vopifav avrov

eiv ?yp.as' au e wy fXety T771' re I2

Kupou bvvafj.iv Kat rr)y o-eaurcw apyj]v a/x,a* r)8e /3acriAe'cos

8'Jraf>ii9; r^ TroAejata r]y ra> Ki^pw, (rot yeyeV?]rat (Tvmj.a\os.

rts oSy OI/K ay ^3ovAotro <î'Aos eiyat (rot; e^co 8e /cat

TroAAas eAvriSas feat ae /3ouA7;<re(r0ai (/>i'Aoz;eu-at 7^/xty.

aKoww yap jcat Mycrous (cat aAAa e$y?7 iroAAa ey-oÂely 125

det, oi/s pa8tco? ay Ttjucopr/cratcrê, )(pwp.eyot rf; ?/p.erepa

-rjperrj(rojue'y crot, ov /xo'roy TOJ

, aAAa Kat TT/S )(aptroSj ?/y (rwê'yres WTTO (rou

ay (rot 8tKaicov." KAe'apxos juey ow e?7ie

8e w8e aTreKptyaro* 130


Reply of Tusapbernej.' We could destroy you if ive chose, and

yet ive refrain. Why then should you distrust us ?'

" AAA ?'/'8o/jtat fj.v <roi, cio KAe'apxe> ovrco <|>pozn'/>co0s

Aeyoyrt* eya> 8e' ere 8t8doo, on ov8' vjuei? SiKaiws az>

aTrtoTotTjre ovre /3acriAer, ovre e/xot. et yap ffiovXonfOa

a.7i-oAeVcu v/xa?, fôfj-fv TroAAovs /zey biTre'aj, Kat TTfôi;?,

135 Kat oTiAtVa?, ots bwdtfteQa av vp.as fSXcnrTfiv. TroAAa 8e

Xcopt'a eortv eVtr/joeta, oêy ~i-Ti9u>[j.da. vfj.iv. roaavra

lLf.v yap 7re'8ta eany 7/^ty <t'Ata, a v/xeTs cri/y TroAAaJ iroVa)

fi/y bt,a-iTOpVf(rdc roaaura 8e op?; v/Aif errt TtopfVTta, a

?//xei$ Trpo-Kara-Aa/So'iTes Trap-e'xot/xef ay v/x?f aitupa'

140 rotrouroi 6' eio-1 Trora/not, 0115 ov8a/xc3s ay 5ta-/3airjre, ei

ta-Tropevoiêy v//as. ei 8e /U7;8ey TOJJT&>y VT;-

IILUV, aAAa TO ye irup Kpfirrov ecrn roO Kapirov, ov

KaTa-Kavo-arres bvvaifj-tda av

ra> e Atjuw, ov8' ei Trd/'f dyaôi

145 drrt-OTj'/rai. exoyres ouy rocroi;rous 7rpou9 Trpos ro

TroAf/Lteii' vpiry, TTois ToCroy TW rponov av e^-eAoiêâ, os

/uo'ros do-e^Sj/s ecrn /cat aiaxpos ; ?//xe iy, <Ib KAe'apxf, o^x

oi/rco /uaipot ovre dAoyiVrot ea/xtV."

TtssapLvrnes invites a conference. A piece of Persian

treachery.

Taura eiTrwy e8oê TW KAedpxw dAj/^fj Ae'yeiy* KOI 6

150 Ti(T(Ta0e'pi>Tj9 TrdAiy elTrei;'" Ei /3ouAe0-0e 01 Tf arpan/-

yol *ai cl Aox^yoi eAêty fioi ei? Tf\v <TKr]VT]v, Ae'â) v/iu(

ra dyo'/xara raiy Aeyo'yTtD^, <a$ <rv îrt-^3ovAeveis e/xoi re

Kat TTJ aw e/jtoi (TTparta/'"'Eya> 8e," e^>?j 6 KAe'apxos,

"a^ci) TrdtTa?/' TT/ 8' vorepai'a TjAê rapa Tio-aaê'ptTjy

155 ayoop ireWe o-rparr/yous *cai euoo-i \o\ayovy. CTTCI 8e

///. BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 2J

eTTt ral? Oupcus rats Tt<T(ra<epj>oi;s, ot /uet> arparrjyot

Tiap-fK\i]0îrav eicrco, ot 8e Aox^y ' ipfvov firl rats

(Wpats. ov TToAAw 8e vcrrepoy ot re e^Sor o-w-eAap./3di>oz>ro

Kal ol efa> KaT-Ko<j)6r)<jav. fiera 6e raura TW^ /3ap-

/Sdpcoy rifes iTiTre'coyj eAavrorres 8ta rov TreSiou, HKTZLVOV 160

f/

EAA?/ra9, ots ev-

Consternation of the Greeks. The foe generals are murdered.

'E(C rourov 817 ot "EAArjres tdtov k~nl ra onAa,

{bi'rts rows fiapfidpovs avTiKa i]eiu (irl TO

ot 8e 7rdi;res juey OVK i]KOov, 'A/)tatos 5e KOI aAAoi, ot

?)<ray Kvpa) Trto-ro'rarof KCU 6 'Aptaios etTie rd8c," KAe- 165

aPX0? /z^' ^ arbpes

r

'EAA?]f e9, re^fJjKei', eTret eAixre ras

a7roi'8as /cat Tr-fj3ov\fv<T Tiaffa<t>4pvr

McVwy, on Kar-?;yyetAai' r^y fTTifiovXr)i> avroi 1

,f

rijur; fltriv," enl rot/rots ztvotp&v dire'"

ct eAve ras erTrot'Sa?, e^ft r^v biKr]V evret 5e rjpo'ez;os KOI 170

MeVcoy eto-ty vp-irepoi /uey ei'epyerat, êre/sot 8e

yot, irefj.\l/aT avrovs bevpo' <i'Aoi yap

/iovAewoucrt Kat vp.iv Kai ^p.tr ra /3e'Ari0ra." Trpos raura

ot p,ev /3dp/3apot, 5ia-Aexê'

i;'

rfs dAA7]Aots TroAuv x/70'

1-' â-n-YfXQov ovbev aTio-Kpti'dp.ei'of ot 8e orparjjyot ar- 175

i]\Qr}<rav Trpos /3aaiAe'a, Kat ai K((jja\al avrwv cbr-

Character of Clearcbus. His warlike tastes and love ofadventure.

TOVTCOV be TWV o-rparqywf 6 /xer KAe'ap)(o$ wju

vno vavTUiv ytviaQai avrjp KOI 7roAep.iKos Kat p.aAto-ra

(/)tAo7ro'A6p.os. Kat yap 8?), eW p.e^ 7ro'Atp.os JJi> rots


iois wpos rovs 'Aflrjyatovs, VTr-riperei rTj eaurou

Trarpi'Sf eVei 8e flpijvrj eye'yero, Tretcra? rovs Aa*ce8at-

(jioi'iovs a>9 ot paKes dSticoref rovs "EAAtâs, e^-e'-T

oj? 7roAeju7/fT6oi' rots 0paiV. eVet Se 01 e(/>opot

185 a-o-crTp(f)(ii> avrbv f 'Io-0/xou, h'Tavda OVKCT

a^roi?, aAV aTT-cTiAet ets 'EAXô-Troi/roy KOI e* TOI/TOV

VTTO r<Sy ei> STraprr; apxcVraiy. T/fir;5e cpvya?

Kvpo^, 6 8e Kvpos 8t8w<Ttp aj;Tai TroAAa

Xp7/p.ara. 6 8e KAe'apô?, Aa/3wi> raSra Kal (ruA-Ae'âs

190 (rrparev/xa, eTroAe/aet TO?S 0pa^t, /xe'xP 1 K?"pos e8e?/^rj roi;

(rrparfvjuaro?' Tore 8e a7r-?/A5e ffi/y eKett'w. ourco /jiei'

ow 6 KAeapôs (ptAoTro'Ae/xos 77^.

severity of bis discipline secures the obedience; but not

the attachment of his soldiers.

Et? 8e ro ap\eiv rwr ai'0pu>Ti(i)v Uavo? /xey j)y napa-

rrj orparta ra 67Ttrr;8eta, uavos 8e KOI e/x-

195 7rot?j(Tat rr)i yvw^riv roi? crrpartwrai?, a>? ireUTTfuV fir]

roi;ro 8' CTrotei ex row eu>ai aAeTro's* cat

yap orvyuoj ry opa^ >cat rpa^vs TT (wv' eKoae re et

i ez'tore opyT/* T^yerro* yap ov8ei> oêAos elfai

orparevjuaros. dAAa KOI eAeyey <w? 8e'oi TOV

200 (TrpartwrTji' </)o^3ci(T0ai roy apôyra /xaAAoy 7) TOI/S 710-

Ae/xtovs, et /ixe'AAot 7^ ev <j>v\dciv 0iAKas, 7^ âppaAe'cos

teVai Trpos roi/s TroAe/îoi;?. ei; /uei> vi; TOIS Kir'8wois ot

orpanan-ai 7;êAov TieiOeo-Oai. avra), KOI OT}K aAAov fjpovvro

(TTparriyov' ore 8e ye'roifro ev dorcpaAe?, xai e-euj avrois

^05 aTT-ie'i'ai Trpos aAAovs apxot^ras, TroAAol aTr-e'AetTroi' avro'y

ou yap txev 7/8i/v rov TpoTrov, dAA' del xaAe?7os 7]j; /cat

coco's* cuo-r ol (rrpariairai St-e'/ceuro Trpos airo//

IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 2Q

s, </u\ta 5e KCU

t vruia oi<5ets Trore ow-eiVero ai/rco. TpioSros /xey 8y

))V' up^trOai Oe iô u\Ao)i' eAtyero oi

CHAPTER IV.

THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN.

Extreme dejection of the Greets.

Se ot "EAA?jj'es T/aa^ ev TroAA?) Sr)

Kal adv[j.<i)s eTôy /vtdAtora* Kat oAtyoi /a.er avrwv eyev-

aQ2'To OITOU fis r^v faiifpai', oAtyot 8e Trwp di'-eKaixiav

TroAAot 8e OWK ?]\duv fm TO. oTrAa rairnqv rryv VVK.TO.,

av-eT>a.vovTO 8 OTTOU e/caoros erwyâi'ef a>y, ov Sura/êiôt 5

<ca^-^8eiy tiTro AwTrrjs xat Ttodov TrorptSwi', yovtutv,

/waiKum, Tiafoav, ovs kvopiôv ju?/7rore ert o\//ecrât.

uer S?) Sta-Kfi/xerot dv-

//o<u; Xenophon came to join the expedition.

"llv 8e rts ev 77] orpana Zfvoty&v 'AOrjvaios, os ovre

OT/aartjyos ovre Aoâyos oi/re orpartcorrj? coy crw- jo

r/KoAowêf dAAd n/3o'ei>o?, ê'vos wj; dpxaws, /xer-

cnt(j.\l/a.To UVTOV olnodcv vTT-ta-^v^TO 8e aura), et

Trotr/aeiv avrov <i'Aoz> TW Kvpw. 6 8e HevoâJy d

raura cri;|u,-^3ouAej;rat 2a)Kpdri TW 'A^/jâta) irept


15 770pftaj. Kat 6 2a)Kp<m;s <ru//,-/3oj;Aej;et rw Eas AeA0oi/j Kat am-KOi

o 8e Hero</;tot> \6<i)i> f-n-ijptro rov'

$i'ot KOI ei/ôiTo, wore K

oSur Kat KaAwj Trpdât. Kat 6 'A77o'AAa)# (n']fj.r]vev avrut

20 (?eoi)?, ol? eSet Qvf.iv. e/rei 8e TraAtv Â^cy, lAf^c rj/y

iav ra> 2coxparei. 6 6e 7/riaro avrov, on ov ir

TTorepov etrj afj.fi.vov ai/rai Tropeverrât T)

aAA' ort avros (nL-9v^(ra Sr/ Hei'cx/xSy, ^(rd/jieyos roi^rots rots 0eot? ot? o

eAevrrf dufiv, 1^-eirAet r?ys 'EAAdô?, Kat Kar-

i> SdpSeî ripo'^roy Kai Kupo^ jUc'AAovras j/^rj

at avv-eTayOi] KW/JO)' 6 8e Kpos (KeXev(T(i>

30 avjov [j-flvai Trap'' eai'ra). elTre 5e ort, eirel TaîcrTa 57

arpareta A?/êtey, a7ro-7re'p:v|/oi avrov otKaSe' 6 6e oroAos

cu'at ctv Dta-t'oas. 6 |uei> 8?j "Eevo^wv fcrrpa-

vfTo o{5rto9 f^-a7rarr;êts, ov^ i* 710 ITpof&ov* ovSets yap

3? /3amAea ftz'at. CTTCI Se yXOov fls KtAtKtav, aatfifs 7/0"??

f8o/cei elyat Traa-tr, on o oro'Aos cu; eiri ^3a<riAea. </>o/3ou-

fJifVOt bf T1]V OOOV K0.i CLKOVTfS, O/XWS Ol TToAAot Toif

CTrpaTicoraij;, at<rxwo/xw'ot ?/or; TrpoSoDzâi Kwpov, ovi>-

rjKo\ovdi](rav avraj* wv cts Kat "E(vo<f)<t)V r/v.

Xtnophon has a dream.

ot r/yey v aTropia rrav.

ri/i> rois aAAois, cat ov*

IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 31

vaTfpov Se Xayjuv VTTVOV el$ti> oi-ap. Zboêv avrw

/3poi>riii> [j.V yfVfadai, (TK^TtTov 8e TTfrrf'iv eis TT)V Trarpwai1

OLKiar, Kai K TOVTOV Tiavav Aa/.'.7Tca-$ai. (f)Oj3oviJ.evo KtrSwots coy fboev tSeif

tK Aio's' o/xcos 8e tyofielTO, p.rj ov bvvairo

ex r?]s x^pa? T^S /3aa-i\ecos, ort TO orap

UTTO Atos /âcrtAeais, TO 8e TTvp e8oK6t Xa

/w reflections. Meeting of the officers. Five new commanders

chosen.

"ETrao^; 8e ai'-rjyepOr], irp&rov (j.h< tvvoia e/x-TTtirrft 50

VTTO /3cunAe'cos, 8et ?//jias TtaQovras iravra TO. beivdrara Kal

' aAAa Kara-Ket//eâ evâSe, wa-jrep e^-oy 55

f]crv\iav ayfiv." fK TOVTOV ai'-urTaTai feat o-yy-

TU

eKaAov^ rows aAAoi>9 Aoxayois (cat

Trai'Tes avv-iiKOov, fnaOôvro' Kal ol avv-tX6uvT(<s 60

orparrjyot Kat \o\ayol tyivovro a^l efcaroV. av^-be et'

Council of <war and speech of Xenopbon. \.' T^ ^-o^j <n,'/V/

be on our side, for we have kept our oaths'

'E?ret 8e ol &p\pVTfS fiprjVTO, t8oev avTots crvy-Ka\fii>

rovs cTTpaTttoras. eirei 8e oi <rTpaTiwTai (rvv-i)\dov, 65

32 SELECTIONS FROM XEXOPHON.

fj.(i< Xei/n<To</o? dr-eVr?;, KCU fiera TOVTOV KXedi'wp

7ovru>i> bf fiTiui'Tw, Eeroâu; uriararat,

/cat tAttf* 1' ^ 6' fl

T'/r /yer r<2i; fiapfidpwv iiuopniav T6

*at aTrurriav têts, ot/jiai, e77t(rra<rê. ei j^tey oS

r, op&vTas oa o orparr;yoi ?;/a<f apri

ci

CLVTOVS KO.I TO \OLTTOV TT

cat KaXat eXTTi'Ses (rcorr/pias. -prov fj.ev yap

75 efi-TrcSor/iey TOWS raif 0ewi' opKovs, ol bf -xoXt'

XiXvuacri ras (TTrorSas Trapa roi/s opKOus. ouro>

eari rouj Ofovs rols (JLCV TroXe/it'oiy cirai eravri'ovs, ?/

oe

ii.' Let uj emulate the valour of our fathers and maintain

our own.'

bf ava-p-vijcra) v/xa? ray T&V itpoyovtav ra>j>

go f)fj.(Ttp(av dperas, tra t5fjre wj irpos-T]K(i vp.lv etrai

aya&ns. IXQowriav yap Hfpcruv 7ra/x7rX7j0ei oro'Xa> 7rl

ray 'A^/Jt'ay, ol 'A0?jt>aun irp&Tov TO\p.r)cravT($ (I'lKr/aav

avrovs. l-Treira, ore He'p^r/y Zarepov i]\6ev 6m r^y

'EXXd8a, xat rare ol T/ju'repot Tipoyovoi (vtKutv TOVS

85 rowrajv Trpoydrou? KOI Kara yijv Kal Kara

ovrw bf KOI v/i6is avTL-Tadp.fvoi apri rot?

c/cydrois 6ftKare avrous auv rois ^6ois. xat rdr6 [Mfv

vpou /3a<riXei'as 7;r6 arSpey ayaOoi' vvv b(,

?Jy v/A6Tepay awrr/piay 8ei /adêaâi, Trpoy-

90 f/i vfias etrai iroXu xai ap.tivovas not irpo6vp.oTfpov$.


ili.' Our want of cavalry Is no disadvantage, rather a gain.

Ihe rivers are fordable near their sources?

Et 8e TIS v\s.S>v adv[j.l on yiuv peit OVK flcrlv

rolf 8e 7roAep.iois TroAAot iimris Trdp-etortv, fv-

on ot fj.vptoi tTnrets ov8y aAAo eta-tv rj pvpioi

ol yap avbpes elvlv ol TioiovvTfs o n av yiyvr]Tai tv TCUS

Wets S' fr/îey CTT' dcrâXea-repon oxâros rcov 95

ot /xev yap /cpejixatrai a^)' tTnrwy, (j)0ôvfj.fvoi

?;/jias /ao'i'Of, aAAa <at TO Kara-Treo-eu'1

jy/.ietj 8e eTrt

eorrjKo're? TroAv la-^yporfpov naicronfv rous

Trpos-t'&xriy ^ju.rv. cw uxoVa) ol iTnrer? Ti

f)vy>fiv a<T<a\(TTep6v ecrnv avro?s f; ^/xa*. t too

8^ TOV? TTOTO/XOVS yo/xiêre eu>at aTro'povs, (TKt\l/a<r6( /cat

rovro. TraWas yap TOV? irorajixoi'?, et /cat TrpoVa) r<3i/

aTTopot etcri, 77po-i'o'rres TTOOS ra? 77?jyas paStcos

iv.* As a last resource we can settle ourselves in the king's

country'

Et 8e ^re ol Trora/nol ye^Tjo-oyrai Sta-/3aroi, ^yf/xcoy 105

re /xrjSets fyaveirai. ^/u,ri>, ov Se^ jy/xas adv^M 8ta TOUTO.

ot re yap Mucrot Kat aAAa C^^TJ, /3a<TiAea>s a/coiros

otKoSfrtv ei> rrj /3ao-iAe'a>? X^Pa Tro^â? re Ka i e8aijuoi>as

Tro'Aets. oiJrco 8e Kal T^mas, ws e/xotye 8o/cet, XP^ Kara-

cr/ceuaÊcrât &>s ot/cô'oi'Tas e^^dSe. ot8a yap on ^SacnAei/s no

8067 av iroAAovs ^ye/xoyas rots MIKTOIS, /cat ort 770t7J<rtei'

ay 68ous avrots, ei fiovXoivTo aTr-teWt e/c T^S x^Pa?> Ka'

ye rpt$-d(r/jiei'09 erroiet av raSra, et twpa âs Trapa-

Kara-fxeVeti'. rovro 8e /cat 8e'8ot/ca, /uuj

a TTJS ot/ca8e 68oC, ecu> pdOtofjifv rjv dpyoi, 1 15

D


KOI pLOTfvttv fv afydoviq. coxa oiiv /jot Succuoy etvcu

tipaaOai. a^-LKi'dcrOai. ets r?)i> *EXXd8a, *ai (iri-

TOLS "EXA?j<rir, on e-e<rri roiy

v.' Above all let us observe the strictest discipline, and help

each other to maintain it.'

120 AoiTroy lorijuuu ctTTfiy o/rep KCU fo/X(û etrai /xe

upare yap on ot TroAf/^tot oi) npoadei' ero'A/xTjaai1

yap

avap\tq /cat arai'a. 5ei ovy TOV? /xe

raj eTrt/ieXcoTepovs yeveaOai. TWV TtpocrOev apxovTMV, rovs 8e

apxpulvovs T7o\i> tvTaKTOTfpovs eu'at jnSi; f/ Trpoodtv. fav

Se nj aTretO?), 8e?}(rci TOJ; dci v/âii' ey-Tuyxavovra KoXdêi^

avTov avv TO) apôvn. aXX' ?/5^ a>/ja eon Vfpalvov TOV

\6yov i<7a)s ya/> ot TroXe/iioi airiKa irap-fcrovrai, 6Ya>

130 oyj' raOra 00x6?

Order of march. The Greeks cross the Zab and are harassed

by Mitbridates.

TOUTOV oj aTra^rcs av~fT(ii'av TO?

eTropcvoiro TroiTjcrapiti-oi vhafffWV (K T&V OTT-

j', lxoj;r$ T^ V770ûyia xat Toy o^Xoi; ev /xeVw. icai

ju,f yyeiTO, bvo 8c roSv Trpffr/SuraTwy aTpcm;-

'35 y^v eV-e/ifXouyTo TWV TrXeupaif cKaTepcur, s,fvo$>u>v be

Kal Tijutaauoz/ &)7ri<Tô-</)uXaKOuy. KaTa-/cauda^res 8e ras

a/Kias Kat ras o-*CTjras bi-((3i](rav TOV Za-ndrav irora/io'v

Kai rovrou Mt0pi8aT7js ciri-câ^rerai, ex^y iTrireas KCU

rofo'ras cai a</)ez'8on/Tas. 7Tt 8 yyis eyeVero, oi /ley


CLVT&V (To(vov' ol S tcrfavbovwv /cat eTiTpcocncov rows 140

A force of cavalrv and slingers is hastily organized.

'Ex TOVTOV eSo/cet 5,evo(f>>VTi. Sico/creou u>ai roi/s TTO-

Ae/ztous' SiwKOjres Se /car-eAd|u/3arot> oiibeva' ovre -yap

rots "EAXrjo-ij;, ovre ol weôt eSvâfTo xara-

TOV? K(Li'a)i> Tre^byj. cvâ 8?) TidAiy advîa 145

6e rots or/aaTTjyois <cara-crKudêii; o-

a>? rd)(t(TTa. axowaiTes 8e PoStovs

TO) orparcv/xan emorajueVous o^cvfiovSv, TOVTOVS TC

f-eXtavTO Ko.1 aXAouy, oinres IdAotCV rdrreo-âi irpos

rouro TO Ipyor, is 8ta*coo-iovs. /car-eo-/cevacray 8e c^s 150

Imre'as ITTTTOVS (TKvoopovvTaii ws jrevrTjKoirra* /cat IJT-

7r-ecrTQ^(7 avrot? AUKIOS'

Tusaphernes attacks the Greeks, but is forced to retreat.

Mera raCra a$-iK.QVTo eiri roy Tiypjjra TroTap.6v.

<cai cr0i;8oi)

?;Ttts KOI Too'ra9. eTici o' eyyi/j fyevero, 155

e/>z-/3aAeu> /êv OVK eroA/iTjo-ez;, o-^trSoj-'Si1 8e Trap-^yyeiAe

TOUS eavrou /cat roeueu>. CTret 8e 01 'Po'Stoi e(T(pevbovr)<Tav

/cat ot roôVai ero'êwcrar, 6 Tt<ro-a0ep t''?

? dir-e^wpet e^co

/3eA<2r, /cat at aAAat rdêtj aTT-ex^P 7?

"

''' <at TO AotTrof

r^s f)fj.epas ol ptv firopevovTo ol 6' et~oyro' /cat ol 160

f3dp(3apoi ov/ceri taivovro rows "EXArjâs* ol yap 'Po'Stoi

(crfavbovtov /xa/cporepoy raJy Ofprroit;. T^ 8e vorepat'a ol

"EAAr/res (Ttopfvovro Sid roG ireSt'ov, KOI

D 2


Disadvantages of marching in a square.

165 "Ev9a bi] oT'EAArjyes tyvu>aav on TrAaunoy laoi

Trovrjpa rais dr] TOIS into TroAe/xitof SicoKojua'ois' di'dy/o;

yap eon TOI/S oTiAiras e/c-0At/3ea0ai /cat Tropevecrdai

,eay ra Ke'para TOV TrAatcriou (rvy-KVTTTp, 77

68ou

ovarj?, 17 ope'cov dj'ayKaôyTa)!; 17 yeî/pas* wcrrc

1 70 8u<rxp/<JTovs Zâi, drctKTOus o/'ray. oray 8' ay rd xepara

8id-(7^7/, avayKt] earl TOVS Tore 6\i(Bofj.evovs 8ta-o-7ra-

aOai, Kal TO fjLfcrov Tooy /ceparwi; Ktvov yiyvtaQai, nal

TOU? rawra -7rd<Txoyras aOvpfli', TroAejixicoi' k-noî'<av. KOI

'75 e/caoros tcnrcwSf, (3ov\6(j.(i-oa (KCLTOV df8pa9, cat

avrots, Kal aAAous TievriiKovTijpas Kal aAAous e

180 dpâs. ovYft) 8e Tropeuo'/iffoi, OTTOTC yîcy ra Kf'para

(Tvy-KVTtrot, ol Aoâyot -v-n-iptvov vcrrtpov, cuore Ta

/cepara /UT) Tapdrrea-âi* Tore 8 Tiap-riyov e(D0v T&V

Kfpdrtav. OTToVe 8e ai TrAevpat rou TrAato-iow 8id-crxoifv,

ourot dz'-f^-eTTi/UTrAaaav TO ê'tro^, <o(TT TO /bieaov dei

185 fK-ir\((av flvat. ei 8e <cat Se'oi

r^ yttyvpav, OUK crapaTTOi'TO, aAAd ol

(V T<S fJLfpfi. rovT(a T(5 rpoTiy (tiOptvdt}crai TioAAas

8ia


the enemy occupy a mountain pass. The Greeks prepare to

dislodge them.

Mia 8e r&v ?;//ep<3v ol /3dp/3apoi

ioy ri v\lsr]\bv inrep avrrjs TTJS oSou, $ ol "EAAqres

iia.p-i.svai. (vravOa Sero^wp opcou rrjy KOpvipyv

TOV opovs ovcrav vTtfp TOV tavT&v orparev/xaroy, KOI OTJO

' oSaay CTTI Toy Aoôy, tvâ ol

, Ae'yei TW Xeipiao'^xi)'"

Kpariaroi; effriy, a>

(T0(/>e, ^/xiv leaâi ws rdxiora TH ro axpov' cay yap 195

roi/To Aa/3co/xey, ol vvrep T^S 68o{! TroAe'juioi ov 8uf?y(royrai

IMtveiv. av be, ei /3ovAci, /xeW CTTI rw orpaTev/xan, eyw

8' efc'Aco Tropeveaât." KOI 6 Xetpioxxpo?, tT

Tre/xTrei TOUS Trap* taimo oiras

KOI aAAov9 rpiaKOJious (rw-sW(T0otl

o$s aoo

7TtAe'(crovs avbpas.

Race for the summit.

f-rropevovTo ws ifivvavro raîora. 01 SC'CTTI

rou \6(pov TToAe/xioi, ws eVo'rjcray avrovs TropevojueVous CTTI

TO axpov, fvOvs Kal avrol u>pfj,r]o-av firl TO a/cpoy. /cat

^ juey Kpav/i] r\v T>V 'EAA^cor 8ia- 205

TOIS 4avT(Sy, TroAA^ 8e Kpauy^ T<WI> ap,</>i

urwy 8ia-KeAei/op.e'i>a>i>. sfvo(f)Sn> 8e

TOU ITTTTOU Tiap-eKcAeweTo1

""At'8pcs, t-Oy

Tt T^y 'EAAaSa ajuiAAao-ê, rw TTpos TOUS TraiSay xai Tas

aiKas" fuy o\iyov iroô-ayrej d/viaxet Tropevo-oVe&i T^y aio

ITTJJI; 68o'y.n


A grumbler silenced, Ihe Greeks <win the summit.

2coT7jpt8^s oe ns eiTref " QVK * laov, o> Eero

(crjj.fi'' crv /xei> yap GX '*<j> nnrov, eya> 5e j(aA

tapi'd) (ptpwv ri]V acnriba." 6 5e "Eevo<pu>u d*ovcras recura,

Kara-TT^Sf/cras OTTO rot) ITTTTOV, coêirat roy 2o)rjjpi8?;j; CK

e /cat

du>paKa rov iirTriKoV cuore eTruêro. at Tra

rots /xey (fj.TTpo(r6(v V7i-ayeir, rot's 5e oiricrdev Tiap-t4vai.

no ol 5' aAAot arpartwrat iTratoy feat eAoi8o'pouy rov ^wr?;-

e<rre TJ/'tiyKaaa^ avrov Kaftovra TTJV affiriba nopcu-

i. 6 5e Hero(/)a)y ara-/3as, ecos /xei> ra x^p'a ô-ffifjLa

raJ tTTTTw, ?)yfy 7rt rov ITTTIOU' CTTCI 8e a/Sara ryr,

roz; l-mrov to-7ri5e Tre^T/. *at ol

rovs TroAe/^tous ytro'juei'oi CTTI r<5 aK/>a>.

^ serious dilemma. Proposal of a Rhodian soldier.

'Evda bi] ol juey fidpfiapoi <rrpa0rres tyewyov, ol bk

etxov ro anpov. CTTCI 6e Kar-e'âay ts TO

ioy, fvravda TroAAr) anopia r}v. iivdev yikv yap TJV

opt] i>T!fp-v\lfi]\a, evOev 8e Trora/jios ou 8ta-^3aro's. *cat cv

230 rovrw drr/p rts'Po'Sto? 7r/)os-eAâ>i' (lircv"'Eya) de\<a, S)

avbpes, 8ia-/3i/3aVai v/âs Kara rrpaKts-xîois oTrAtras,

iav TToptffrjTf e/xot raCra cDy 8eo'/xai, KOI cTrt-Swrc /ioi

rdAarrov p.iadov." epwrwîeros oe oroy Se'otro,"'Ao-KWf,"

e0;,"8ts-xlî'a)'/ 8eT/fro//af opS> 5e TroAAa "npoftara Kat

35 atyas KOI /3ous, &v ra 8e'/)/xara (f)vo-r]d(vra paStws av 7ra/>-

e'xoi T)V 5ta^3aoii;. 8er/<Toâi 5e KOI rwy beafj.>v, ots

\j)ijcrOf Tiepi, ra vTro^vyta' rourots ^yâs roi/s


Trpos dAA;/Aovs, /cat op/xiVas fKacrrov At0ots, uxrirep

dy/cupats, bi]<no TOVS dcr/covs dp,(pOTepco0ei> rou TrorajMOU'

/cat e7ri-/3aAa> i'Ar/i' rot? dolors, /cat yjjv e?ri TTJ vAi/. 240

TOVTOIS 8e eTrt-^dzres ov /caTa-ouo-eo-fc- TTO? yap

ot(Tfi bvo avbpas' fj5e v'A?j Kai

f) yrj KcoAvcroucri

They decide to march over the mountains into Kurdistan.

Tois 8e orpOTJ/yois aKowatri rai;ra TO [j.tv ei'^y^jua

\apUv ttvcu, TO b3

epyoy ddwaroV i](rav yap ntpav 245

rou -norafj-ov TroAAoi tTTTrers rwy TroAe/xtajy, 01 OVK ay eir-

tTptTTOv rot'sr

'EA\T7<n TTOiety Tai;Ta. /cat 8ta Tai;Ta eSo'Kei

Tots (rrpaTtiyois avaynaiov eii'at e/î-âAe?y 8ta TW^ ope'coi*

eis KapSouôvs, KOI hTv0ev Ot-eAêif ets 'Ap/xei'iar,

iJ.fyaA.rjv Kal evbatjJjova, ?/s Opo'yT?;? ?/p^f. ev- 250

a^-iKovro <iv9a 6 /xey Ttypjjs Trora/jtos TraiTdTrao-if

T)/', TidpoSos 8e ov/cT]*.'*

aAAa Ta KapSov^coy op?7

virep avrov TOV -norafj-ov c/cp///aro. tvravOa 8o'/Ct TOIS

(TTpaTTjyors TTopevr6ai 5ia TW^ dpewy* /cat Tropewo'/xerot

T^S i-'v/CTOs d<^-iKyoCyrai ajua r) ?'/p-epa irpos TO opoy. 255

Order of march. Attacks from the Kurds.

"EvOa bij Xetpt'tToôs |tzei> j;yiTo TOU (TTpaTeup-aTos,

s,d'0()><av 8e ftTreTO oTrivOcHpvXaKwv. Kal OVTW irap-

tyevovro ets Tas /cwp:as T<Sz> Kap8oyxwi'. a-â 8^ ot /uep

Kap5oi>xot e^-eAtTTOf Tas ot/ctas, /cat e<pevyov CTTI Ta op/,

eXi'7"fs Ka' yuâi/cas /cat 7rat8as' ot 8e "EAA?ês eAd/x- 260

flavov TroAAa e7rtT7/8eia e/c TWV Ku>p.u>i'. eTret 8e ot TC-

AeuTaibi TW^ 'EAA?/z'a)i' Kar-fflaii'ov ets Tas /cw/zas, ToVe

5^ (Ti/A-AeyeVrcs rtêy Toiy Kap8ovxa)y (ir-fTi0evTo aiirols'


KGLI aTT-fKTfLvdv rivets Koi aAAovs cTpcocrav. KOI

265 fjifv TT]v iWKTd j]v\L(rdr]crav tv rats KWJUCUS' a/jia 8erfj J/jue'

Forced rapidity of march. *Is there no other road?

1

Kai TO.VTIJV pev rqv 7//xe'pay ourcos Ttopev6i]<rav' rg

8e vartpaiq yiyvtrai \(L[j.(t)V TioXvs, avayK.OA.ov 5' 7/y

nopevevdai.' ov yap Tjv luava ra eTTtnjSeta, Kat ot fxey

270 TroAe'îoi id^fpcos eTT-ertêiro avror?. 6 8t Xf ipicroôs ovx

,aAA.' ?)ye raxecos, ojarf ^ iropcta eytyrero 6/xot'a

v0o(pv\ai.. kvravOa o s,tvo<pu>v (\0(i)V

iipbs TOV Xtipiaotyov Tjrtaro avrov on o^x VTT-(}J.IVV' 6

8e ct7ro-fcpti/o'/*evo9,*'

BXe^roi'," ^T;,"

Trpo? ra opr/, KOI

275 i5e is Tiavra eort a/3ara' jut'a 8e avrrj eoriy 080?, 771*

opqs, opQia' KOI eiri ravTrj avOparnoi KaO-ijvTai TroAAot,

TJ^ (.Kfiaaw ol 8' r/ye]uoVes, ovs exo/xey, ou

tlvai a\\rjv 68oy." 6 8e Sfi'ocp&v ttuzv U 'AAA'

8vo avbpas, ovs eAa/3oy

280 r/pirr TT^S 68o!."

refractory prisoner. Another road discovered, Volunteer

party formed.

K.al evOvs dyayo'fres rows avOpu>Ttovs riputTuv awroi/j ct

aAAr;^ 6801;, 17 r^y fyavtpav. 6 /uey oSy erpo?

aAAr/y riva eiSeVai' eTret. 8e eAeyev ov8ey

opwfTos ToC (Tfpov Kar-6(T0ayjj. 6 8e AOITTOS

185 lAeêy on ovros ov 0atr; ei8eWt, on eir/ avrw Ovydrrjp

e/cei (K-b(bofj.fVri Trap avbpi' airo? 8'l(/>r/ fiyfoevdai TW

cpcorco/iei/os 8e et CIT/ ri cy rr^ 68ai 8us-

fay, <pr]ctvai atipov ft 8e /XT) -npo-Kara-

COINS WITH ZeC?

(AGRIGENTUM)

COINS WITH


TOVTO, dSiWroy cffeaOai. 7rap-eA0ety. fvravOa

ol orpaTJjyoi <7t>y-KaAeaayTes Aoxayovs rS>v re TreATacrrcSy 29

Kat T<5y oTrAtrwy, i7pwTcoy atiTovs ei us etr?, ocms efle'Aoi

ay yeyeV$at dyr/p ayaOos, Kat ^Tro-

cat v<j[-oTai>rai 8?) ws S

Preconcerted arrangement. The start.

Kat ^y /t>iev 8etA?; 7/8;, ot 8e orpar/jyoi fKfXfvov TOWS

eêAoyras -nopevfcrOai. /cat 8?jrraj/Tes Toy ^ye//,o'ra irapa- 295

6l8odcrtV avrors. cat avv-TiOtVTai rrjv fjitv VVKTO.

TO \u>piov, tav \a[3<t)(TL TO a/cpor, a/xa 8e TT) ?}j

TT) o-aATTtyyf Kat TOVS /xey a^co o^Tas le'yat eirt

rous TroAe/xi'ovs TOV? KaT-e')(oyTas TT)I; (pavfpav K/3a<riv.

<rvfji-(3ori6r](reLV (K-fiaiVOVTes, <ws 300

Kat v8a)/) TroAv f}y e ovpavov. He

8e, e}((oy TOVS oincrdotyvkaKas r/yetro 77/30$ TTjy tyavipav

Kj8a(rty, OTTO)? ot TroAe'jutot TTpos-fx.oi.ev rov vovv ravrp T|)

68&), Kat OTTCOS ot 77ept-to'yT$ juaAtcrra Adôtey awovs. 305

Night attacks. The Greeks surprise a guard of the enemy.

'Eire! 8e ot dmo-ôÂaKes r](ray CTTI âpabpa, r}y e'8et

TTpoYepoy 8ta-/3r;yat, ToVe ol /Sapâpot eKvAtySovy Atôus

Kat juetôvs Kat eAaYrov?, ot (pepo'jueyot Trpos Tas TreVpas

TrratoyTes 8t-eo-<pey8oycoyTo-

Kat TrayTaTraaty oi 8vyaToy ?jy

TreAdo-at TT) etcro'8a>. CTTCI 8e CTKOTOS eye'yeTO, Kat WOPTO 310

A?7(reiy TOVS TroAe/itovs a77-to'yTe?, TOTC a-n-ij\6ov CTTI TO

ot 8e 7roAe'jw,tot ovSey CTrava-ayTO 81' oATjs TT^S

rovs Atôus. ot 8e lxo ';TC? rot>

(pvh.aK.as


315 T&V TToAe/xtooi' d/jic/H -nvp KaO-rjfjLfVovs' Kal TOWS fJLfV Kara-

KTfivavTfs, TOJJS Se naTa-biwâvrfs aiirol t^tvov tvravOa,

o)i Kar-eô^re? TO aKpov. ol 8e ou Kar-eixo;-' avTo, aAAa

Aocpos ?}y VTrep avTwy, Trap' oz> 7/y ?; crTey^ avrrf obbs, e(/>'

7^ ol (^jJActKes tK.aOi}VTo. e</)o5os (LteVrot avrodev r/y CTTI

320 TOUS TroAe/xtovs, 0*1 (udOtivro CTTI T^ (fravfpq 68(3.

enemy are dislodged from their Jirst position.

6e?y/x,e'pa fyeVero, cTropevorro

CTTI TOUS TioAfjutous' /cat yap

O.VTOVS

325 [gyro tTTi TOI/S cu'0/>w7royj. ol 8e ovx eê

aAAa AtTrorTey T/y oooi' !$evyW oAtyot 8' aTT-t

(ijfavoi yap T/aay. ol 5' aync/H Xeipunxjbov, aKovr

TJ/S aaATriyyos, evî/s U'fTo arco /caTa T^y <bavtpav bbov.

aAAoi oe Twy O-TpartlyS)v f-noptvovTo KCLTO. dTpt/3eis 0801)?,

330 /CKaaTOt tTvyjov ovTfs, Kal ava-fiavrts <ws fbvvavro av-

d\Kov dAA?jAous TOW So'pacrt.

rots 7rpo-KaTa-Aa/3ou(H TO

A second and a third eminence captured.

T) OUT?) 66a),

335 e

TaJy TroAe/xtcor, xai 7rpo?-/3aAAou<n irpos TOV \6(poi>. ol 8e

/3ap/3apot tro^tvov /cat e/3aAAov, eyyv? 8' ou Trpos-te^To,

aAAa</>vyf/

eAet-nroi; ro \<ap(oi'. Kal ol "EAA^ves, Trap-

cATjAvôVes TOVTOV TOV Ao(/>or, opuxnv cTepov \6<pov e/x-

340 TtpOffOfV, KaT-tXOfJ.VOV VTiO TWf TToAf/^tW* KCt


oTro) alpovai KOI TOVTOV. In 8t rptVos Ao'</>os 77^ iroAi;

opfltcoraros' eVet Se ol "EAAqyes eyyvs tytvovro, ol fidp-

fiapoi eAemw TOVTOV djuaêt'. Kai Zfvo(f)>v fJ-ev wvTOIS I'ecorarots av-tfiaivev km TO OLKQOV, rovs be aAAovs

crâi )3pa8e'&>?. /cat ey rovrw ayycAos JjA^c 345

wy, KOI eAeêv 009 ol / r<5 Trpcorw Ao'0a) XtifyOtv-

res aii-rjh.dOrja'av, nai on TroAAot air-tdavov.

A tract concluded. Treachery~of the Kurds. Final success

of the Greeks.

by ol /3dp/3apot, rj\0ov CTTI Ivai'Tiov TWO.

6 Hcyo0<Sy 8i-eAe'yero avTots Trepi <T7rov8wv,

at aii-fiTti TOVS vtKpovs. ol 8' ec/>ao-ay a7ro-8a)(reiy CTTI 35

rovrw OJOTC ;u^ dStKC^ ras K&jjixas* Kai 6 Zfvoôtv o~vv-

renrra. er w 5e 8t-eAeyoyro rara, Tiai'res 01

K TOI^TOI; TOU TO'TTOJ; (rur-T/Aô/'. et'Tawâ ol

t'orarro* xat eTre: olafj.<j)l Hevocpwyra ?/parro

/cara-/3atVetj; euro rov \6(f>ov Trpos roi)s aAAov9, ItVro 8?j 355

ol TroAe/xiot 77oAA(j) TrAêt Kat 0opv/3(p. feat 7it eyeVoiro

tTTi T^S Kopvfyrjs TOV \6(f)ov } d^)' ov Etvoc/xSi' KaT-e(3aivev,

Trerpas' Kat 4ro? /jtey Kar-e'aây ro a/ceAos,

8e 6 VTrao-Trior^s

8e oTrAi'rrj? irpos-e.bpaiJiev avraJ, *cai

y lavrov do-7rt'8a Trpo aôlv e^wptc /cai ol

aAAot (Tvv-îâv rots ?/8r; aw-

Rest in good quarters. The Greeks reach the borders ofArmenia.

E/c 8e TOWTOU Tray TO 'EAA7jj;tKoy 6/ôu eyeWro, /cai

tv TroAAats KOI KaAais OIKUHS Kai


eTrmjSeuoi;' KOI yap euros woAvs 171', bv tl\ov ev AOKKOIS

Koriarois. sZtvoty&v 8e KCU Xeipurocôs Aa/3jVres TOWS

TOI> ?/ye/zoVa, KCU e~oh](rav TOIS ciTro-

TO vo^.iôfjifi'a, a>s eSyravro. T^ 8e

varepata eTropevorro areu ijyfuovos' KOI a0-iKo/ieroi CTTI

37 roy Ke^TptTTji; Trora/xor, os 6pi' TJ/V 'Ap/êfiav *cai TT/V

TWI; Kap8ovx wi; X (^Pavifvravda av-fifavcravTo ev ry

OUTCOS d~-/jAA.a/ê'i'oi navratv rol'

CHAPTER V.

THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA.

Stoppage at the Centritet, Xenopbon's dream.

TT; 8' varepata 01 "EAXr/ves opSxriv iTTTrc'as rcSv

-Trepan roi; irora/noO c^-wrrAioTuVou?, coy

aurovs 8ia-/3atVeif 6/

fitVof? CTTI raty oâi? ava) TOW iTnre'coy. 7rci 8e twpcov

5 Toy ^v TTOTO.IJ.OV bvo~TtOpov ozTa, Tovj 8e Kap8ovj(ovs

ev TOIS 077X015, a>s CTri-KfiffO/xeVovs avrois

8^ TroAA^ T/I> aOv[j.ia rots "EAArjcri.

TJ; t'iKri Hci'o^wi; eiSev oi>ap' 8o^f ei WSat?

i, at/rai 8e (boav avro'/xarai avru) TTfpi-ppwjvai,

10 toore Ai/0^rai avroy KCU bia-Baivfiv OTTOV /3ovAero. eiret

5e opOpos î', Ipxerai wpos rov Xipt(ro</)oy, KCU Ae'yet

on A.Tu'8as fl "ir -l'Ta

V. THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA. 45

vrif TO ovap. 6 8e ^f8ero, Kal o>s Taîora Tiavres ol

l IQvovro' Kal rd lepd caAd77y.

yf ford discovered.

Kal d^-iwres d~o T&V lepSiv ol oTpaTtjyol KOI Aoâ- 15

yot ira/>-?;yyeAAoy TT] orpana dpio-TOTroteio-âi. *cai dpt-

T(S ZfVO(f)ti>VTI. blJO VfaVltTKW TTf)0$-Tp(XOV KOI

roidSe,"'Ervxo/êy (rvA-Aeyoires typvyava, KOL

fv ra) Ttlpav TOU -jrora/jou yipovTa re <cai yuraiKas

OfiJ-tvovs SxJiTfp /zapcTtTTOvs ijuaTicoy ey Titrpq av- ao

coSet. iSo'yres 8e evo/xt^b/xef do-âAe? eu-at bta-jB^vai.

rov Trora/xoV ravrrj yap TOVS T>V TroAe/itcoi' urTre'a? OVK

, cos i

peât. TOVS fxrjpovs* xai 8ta-/3dfTes Kai Aa/3o'ires 25

ra

The first detachment under Cbeirisophus crosses the river.

'A/cowras rai/ra 6 Eefo</>ooi> eenreySf, KOI eKcAeue TOVS

oT/jarioijras evxco"âi T0^ êo?s. orTreiVas 8' v0us ?jye

rois veai'WKOVs' napa. TOV Xeipi<ro^)oy 01 8e 8i-rjyo{5iTo

avra) ravrd. aKovcras 8^ icat 6 Xeip/aoôs o-TrovSds 30

cTrotei. /cat Soc rots orparjjyors XeiptVoôv juey ^yet-

(iât, KOI bia-j3aivcLV TOV TioTayibv \OVTO. TO T/fiiau TOU

(TTpa.Tfvp,a.Tos' TO 8e rjîcrv ITI vno-p,Vfi.v crvv Hero^wi/ri,

TO 8e vTTo^vyia icai TOJ; oÂci; Sia-(3aiveiv tv //eaa)

TouTtoi'. i>Ta0a 8?) fTiopevovTO' ol 8e vtavlaKOi yyovvTo 35

f\ovTfs TOV TfOTanbv tv apio-Tepq. Kal Xcipicroôs /xev

TiputTov ev-efiaivcv eis TOV TTorajuov xat ol oa/v avTw* ol

8e TroAe'/xtoi bp&VTes awovs 8ia-/3aiVovras favyovcriv ava

icpaTOS Trpos ro opos.


The Carduchi advance to attack the rear. Xenophon prepare!to receive them.

40 AVKIOS 8e (%<i)V rows tinre'as Kat Atcr^^f/s fytov TOVS

TreAraoras etTim'ro. Xetpurocpos 8e, eTret St-e'/Sr/ rof TTO-

rajuo^ rovs p.ei> tTTTre'as OVK lotwKfV, (vOvs 8e f-f(3(uvfv

cm TOVS TroXe/xtovs TOU? ey rots aKpois reray/zeVous. ol

8e opaj^res raSra eK-AenroiKri ra a/cpa. Hefoc^cov 8e,

45 eTret ecapa row? d/x0i Xet/no-ocjW Tttpav 7/8/7

aTT-ex^P t <*>? r()(tgTO irpos TO viJ^ 8ta-/3au>oi>

xat yap 01 Kap8o{i)(oi cpavepol 7/8r;

et? TO TreSior, w^ fi:i-dr]cr6pLfi'oi rots TfAeuratots. /cat

Xetpt(ro0o? /xey Kar-e?xf rtt axpa, ATJKIOS 8e o-iy dAtyots

50 e7ri-8i(oas rows TroAejutovs eAa/3e ra vTro-AetTro'juefa r&iy

(TKCvo(p6pu>v tKat juera rovrcoy ecr^r^ra re KaA^ xat fK-

TTw/xara. Kat ez> rovra) ra jue^ <TKvo(p6pa T&V 'E\\îxav

KOI 6 o)(Aos 8t-e')Satve, Eevcxpatv 8e orpe\âs irpos roi/s

KapSoôus eêro d^rta avrots ra oirXa, KOI Trap-TjyyetAe

55 rots Aoxayots 7rot7jo-aa-âi rois Ao'xovs, Kat leWt 77pos

rwy KapBovx0011'

ovpayois 8e eKeAeucre Kara-^rTjcrao-âi

irpos roi; Trora/uoi;. ol 8e KapSovôt, ws cwpcoi; roi/s

oAtyous 7/87; -ycvo^vovs, darrov br) tn-

wSds rtias a

Arrangements for the passage of the rear-guard. A ruse.

60 'O 8e Xetpt(TO(/)os Tre'/xTiet Trapa tzfvocp&vra TOVS TreA-

raoras KOI (TfavSovrJTas K<U rofora?, Kat KeAevet avrois

Trotcty o rt &v fKca-os Trap-ayye'AA?/. 6 8e stvoty&v

avrovs 7/877 8ta-/3atVoyras, 7r^/x\âs ayyeAov KeAev

fxerât ?rt rou 7rora/Lto?3 KOI /XT

S

/ bia-fiafofiv orav 8e oi

65 Trap' eavr<3 ap^covrat 8ta-/3ati/tz', rore f^-ftaCvav a>s 8ta-


8e TOT; TioTa\j.ov /JTJ Trpo-fiaivciv. rots

6"e Trap' eaimji Trap-T/yyaAey, e7rei8^ crfpevbovr) f-iKVolro

irpos avrovs Kal awls \ô0(u, 6f.lv eis TOVS TroAejiuovs'

fTTfl 8e ol -noXf/JLLOL ava-arptyfiav, KCU 6 craAmy/cr?)s

TO iroAejuiKov K TOW irora/iou, Tore -navTas 7

/cat bia-jBaLVfiv a>s Ta^tcrTa, 7y e(caoro9 et^c

TT/V Ta^tf lAeye 8e OTI ovros etrotTO O/JKTTOS, ocrrts

7r/)wros ei> TO) irepav y4voi.ro.

The ruse succeeds. All cross safely.

Ot 8e Kap5oi)xotj opwi/TCS roi/s Aonrovs oXtyou? 7/rj

8?j eTT-exetfTO ^pacrews /cat rip\ovro atyev- 75

ot 8e "EAATjz'es Trata^tcrai/res u>pfj.i](rav

ot 8e OVK (beavTO. ev TOUTW 6 o-a\-

Kal ol fj^v TroAe/xioi Ufavyov iroXv ITI

OO.TTOV' ol 8e "EAAryyes ava-(TTpe\(/avTfs e</>euyoy 8ia ToO

cos Taîora. TcSy 8e TroAe/uiajy ot /xey Ttves 80

ravra TtdXiv fbpajj.ov eirl TOV irorafJibv Kal rofv-

OVT(S Irpoocrai; oAtyov? T&U 'EAA^ycoy ot 8e TroAAot

avr&v ert (pavepol tfcrav (pevyovres' ol 8e ^TTO Xftptao'-

(/>ou Tjporepov Tre/x^êfTes uapa zevofp&VTa TTpo-ijtcrav cts

TOI> 7roTa/i6j TrpocrajTe'po) 17 eSet, Kat vcrrepov r&v juera 85

Het'o(/jcoi>Tos 8t-e^3rjffay TraAtv TOVT&V 8e

<rav VTIO T>

Greeks enter Armenia. Great fall of snow.

fTropfvOrjaav 8ta TTys 'Ap/uertas CTTI Toy T?j-

Xffioav TrorajUoV. 7rapxos 8' ?/v TawTijs T^9 x^Pa? Ttpt-

âôj, os Kat fiaaiXcl ^)t'Aos eyeVeTO. OVTOS elTrey on 90

a"nti<ra(T0at TOIS "EAArjov Kal ravra tSoê Tots


orpa? qycus, KOI tcmtlaavTO. oTpaTOTreoevojueWi' 5' avTu>i>

(V T?) x (<V)(? y'^yv^.ro.1 rr)s VVKTOS \t<>>v TroXX?/, wore aTT-

fKpv\l/t /cat ra oVXa KOI TOVS avdpwirovs Kara-Kîp-fVovs'

95 KCU?/ x1^' cn;y-e7ro8io-e ra v-notyyia. KOI 7roXi/s ocro9 ^v

av-iffraaOai.' eTret 8e Heô^wv eroA/i7](r6v av-LaTaadai KOI

crîîv v\a, raâ uâ-oras ns xat aXXos d^-cXoVfi'os

(KCLVOV TO. u\a (T)(l(V. fK TOWTOU KOI 01 aXXoi

cwa-orapres TrS

March continued. Effects of long fasting.

Mera raCra eSoxei Sia-crKr/j/fJo-ai ets ore'yas Kara ras

8r) ol crrpartaiTai (rly TroXX^ jfiovfj fifaav errt

ras areyas KOI ra e7riT?;8eta' Kai evravOa 8i-rjyayoi> T?/J;

rwKra. T^ 8' wrepcua eTroptvovro 8ia xt(>ros TroXX^j eiri

rof E,v<ppa.Tr)v TTora/xoi', xat 8i-e'/3ati>oj> awrov* al 8^

105 TTTjyai avrov eXtyotro ov Trpocrw elzxu. evrei^^cy Se

fjfjiepav oXrjv 8ta ^'oôs, cai TroXXoi raw

/3ovXtfitairav. Hero^wy 8e 7/yyo'ei o rt TO

t?j.etTre 8e ris avrw art ol avQpw-noi. fiov\i[J.iev,

KOI OTI (âyorres ri dya-orâ-otfro. 6 8e "Eevo^wv

no aKovcras ravra Ticpi-i]t<. -nepl TO. VTro^vyia, KOI ei TTOU TI

rois

They reach an Armenian village, but some are left behind.

cai

115 Ko'pas vbpofpopovffas irpos Tt̂ Kp?']Vfl epTrpoffOev TOV

e/w/xaros. aur.ai iJpcoTcoy avrou? rtVes fief. 6 8^

(pp.r)i<vs e^Tre Repo-ior! ort iropfvoivro Trapa


rrpos TOV o-arpd-TT/jy. at 8e air-eicpivavTO ort OVK etrj

fvravOa, a\\' a7r-e')(0t oaov Trapaadyyrjy. ot 8e, firet

dê r]y, a-wy-ets-epô^rat Trpos roy K.w^.ap\r]v ets ro epv/xa 120

(ruy rais vfipo'popois. Xetptcroôs /xey ow, KOI oaot rcov

(TTpaTL&TUtv (bvvr]0ri(Ta.v, fvravOa fc

r&v 8e dAAcoy ot JUT) Siwd/zeyoi d0-iKfetaât

fi>VKTepev(rav datrot Kat d^w Trypo's' Kai eyrai

raiy aTpartcoraJy aTT-wAoiro. ' 2 5

Sufferings in the snow.

'EAenroi>ro 8e Kat ru'es, ot /^f bi-ttpOapplvot rovs

{TTTO TOV \|/vôus. ?jy 8e rots (Jitv

d(j)da\}j.OLS eniKOupiip.a rrjy ^LOVOS, et TIS /xt'Aay rt Ix* ^

Trpo TU>I> d(p0a\iJ.<i)i> Tropevotro, rots 8e iroa-iy, el rts Ktvorro 130

/cat /i?]8e77OTe eôt riwyJLav, Kat et ^Tro-Avotro ra ^TroSr;-

/xara rr)y rv/cra. t 8e rtês fKOip.S>vTo vTro-bebe^vot, ol

ets-ewoi>ro ets rous TroSas, Kat TO inrobrJuaTa' Kat yap, C7rei8r) ra dpâta V7ro8^juara eTT-

airois, e?Totrjcray Kap/3artVas c/c rwy fco8apTajv 135

&<r j/r^ refuse to proceed. The enemy follow in pursuit, but

are put to flight.

Ata raura ovv vTT-eAetTro^ro rives T&V crrpartwrcSz;' KOI

rt yupiov etKa^by rTJy x.'oi'a avrodi rerrj-

Vaf Kat ercr?;Ket 8ta OepfjLTjv TWO. Kprfvrjv, fj -n^rjaiov r/v

rj. (vravda ovv eKadrjvTO, Kal OVK 140

6 8e "Efvoty&v ebeiro avr&vp.rj

, Aeycoy ort TroAAoi TroAejutot eTroiyro* re'Aos


be KOI fyaXfTraivcv. ol Se fK\evov KTfii'civ' ov yap

fyaaav bvracrdai 7ropei>0j/rai. fvravda to"oe Kparicnov

145 eu-at (po/3?}(rat roi>$ e-ofteVous iroA.tyiiov?, t-a>s /xi) eir-

toiei.' rots na[j.i'ovcn. nal fjv fj.(v CTKOTOS J/5/;, 01 8e

7?o\([j.toi. 7Tpos-j](Tav roAAai Oopvftto. Zvda 6?; 01 OTTKTÔ-

-araorarre? (bpa.fj.ov ets TOVS T7oAe/itovs' ol 8e

di'a-KpayoVrcs ocrov 8yratTO, Unpovvav ras

150 aa-TTi'Saj 77/)os TO So'para. ol Se 77oAe'/iiot SeiVaiTe? 7/ai'

eauroi/s Kara TJ/f xto'

ros ^s Tnv vditiji', nal ovSets trt

Cbeirisopbus conducts the sick to the villages. All Jind

quarters.

Kat Hero<pa>y \ikv /cat ol avv aur<j> firopfvovro' rrj 8

155 roi/s vaTa.Tovs eiceAeuev drayfcd^ti' avroi/5 Trpo-icVai,

Xipt(To0os 8e TtffjLTTfi rifds e/c TJJ? KW/IJJS (rutôiitvovi

TTWJ ol rtAeurauK looter, ol 8c wap-&<xrap /ucy roi/roty

out'Ceti' eTTt TO orpaTo'ircSor' avTot 8c

KOI 7/or eis r;j

160 T]v\ifTO. KOI Xeipi(ro</)os ficy avrou e/xcrey, ol 5e uAAoi

arpaTrjyol 8i-e'Aaxoi> dA\7/Aois ray KW/IUJ,

c)(oyTf5 row? cairraJv arfipas.

Armenian bouses. Barley-<wine and manner of drinking.

'Ev bf Tai/rats rats /cco/iatj at oixtat r/o-ai; Kard-yeioi,

Xovffai TO fiev ord/ia axrirfp <^pearos, xdra) 8e cvptlai'

165 Kat TOIS /icy vjrovyi'oi5 at tiaoooi dpvxrai 7/o-av, ol 8

i Kar-tfiaivov firl icAifiaro?. ^y 8^ rats oiKiats

atyes, oiey, /3o'cs, opi'idfs, KCU ra (icyova TOVTW


ra e KTi]vr] ma eov epecpeTO X 1 -]ffQ-V e cai

TTiipot /cat Kptdal Kai ocnrpta KOI otros KpiOwos fv KpaTrjp(ni>'

fi> ots /cat airat at ttpiQai (V-ijaav. Kai KaAa/u.ot Iv-tRflVTQ

aurors, ol juev fjLfiôvS) ol 8e fXarrovs* TOVTOUS 8e \

ets TO trTOfj.a fj.vôv} Kai o olvos ?]v navv UKparos, ct

rts 7ri-)(eoi iJScop' CTTCI 8e TIS avv-fdicrOeir) avra),

Arrival at the Phash. Ihe enemy occupy the heights.

'EvTavOa f-fjLeivav ?;/^/?as iroAAas* fiera 8e TOUTO CTTO- 175

piiO^(Tav Ttapa TOV (I)acrii' Trora/ôy. cm 8e rrj eis TO

TreStoy virepftoXT] uTT-rjvTriaav avroT? XaAvês xat Taoj(oi

Kai tycunavoL XetptVoôs 8t, CTTCI Kar-et8e TOVS iroAe-

pitovs em TT; vnpj3o\f}, (irava-aTo Tropeuo/nei-os* Kat <rvy-

Ka\tcras TOI/S rrrparriyovs Kai Xoxayoiis eAeê^ w8e' " Oi 180

/xey -TToAe/xtoi, ws opare, KaT-e'xou<n Tas vêp/SoAas TOU

opous' cp.ot juey ouy Soxel Trap-ayyerAat p.er TO!S arpa-

Tiwrais dptoro>Toiero-ât, r/p.aj 8e flovXtvfcrdai fire TT;-

fj.(poi> ctre avpiov 8oKe? vir(p-(3d\\iv TO opos.""

'E/iot

8e ye," e<p?j 6 KAetircop,"

8o/cet a)? TaxiTTa te'vai ewt 185

rous a^8pas. ei yap &ta-rptyojuKl> T?ji;8e TTJV i)[j.epai>, 01

TC rCv ?/p.as opwvres iroAe'/xtoi Hvovrai âppaAecoTepoi, Kat

aAAot TrAetous TOUTWJ;

'Z,rf KJ j/ra/ a u'^ry o-v^r //>f mountain.'

MeTa Toi^TOi; Hevo^xSj; etTrey "'Eyw 8e OVTCO yt-

ywocr/ca>. ct /xey dyayjcij eori fj-dxeaOai, Set Toi)ro irapa- 190

ff/ceuao-ao-flai, OTTCOS ws KpaTurra â\ov^6a' ft 8e /3ou-

\6fJLfOa ws p'aora VTrep-âAAeiv TO opoy, TOUTO Set

E 2

,52 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

TIO\V ovv KpeiTTov P.OL boKel TTfipcuTOai. KAo/rat n TOV

'95 (pr/fJiov opovs Aa0oWay, rj fj.d^fffOai. npbs to^vpa x&)pi'a

Kal avbpas TTap-f<TKevacr[j.6i>ov$. /cat K\e\l/ai 5e OVK abv-

VQ.TQVfjioi,

8oKi elvai, evret l^-eorti' iûv Uvai VVKTOS,

/JIT; upatrOai. V

Mutual banter between Cheirisopbus and Xenophon.

"'Ara/3 rt eya> a-v/A-/3aAAo/xat Aoyovs TTfpl K\OTTT]S ;

200 eycoyf yap, a> Xe(ptTO(/)e, OKOVCO v/xas rovs Aa/ce5at//ojn'ois

evî;? /c TratScoy /jteAcrai' /cAeTrret^ <cat OVK altr^pov tlvai

tv i>fuv} dAAa KaAoy /cAe'7rreu> oaa v6y.o<$ /x?/ KcoAvei.

ws Kpartora /cAeTTTTjrf, yo'jixi/xof toriy v/^ juaort-

,eav A^^^f/rc KAeTrrovrfj. fi;y ouy Katpo? (rot

205 eorty eTrt-Setârrât rr/v TratSetay, *cat (f)V\aa<jOat jj.^

KKlvrovris TL TOV opovs, OTTWS ^ TrATjyas Aa-u 'AAAa fj-furoi.," tyri 6 Xa/)uro(/K>?,

"/cat eyw

u/xas rovs 'A^âtous 8eivoi>s etyat (cAeTrreiy ra 8/j/xo-

<ria' ware copa orl (cat aot TTi-be{KVU(rOai ri]v iraibfiav."

'The enemy must be dislodged. Volunteert for the work.1

JIG"'Eyw /îey Totnv" I0ry o "Ewoty&v,

"erotjuo'y ei/^ti,

Toi/5 oTTt(rô0vAaKas, icVat /cara-Ajjô/jiei'os TO opos.

8e Kal ?;yep;ovas* rovrwv 8e Tivi'ddvofUU on TO

opos OVK a/3aroV eort. l\Tr(a) be TOVS TroAeîovs ovjceri

fMtvelv, 7T6t8av ificoo-u; ^juas eiri rwy aKpcov ouS^ yap i>ui>

215 tO(\ov<n KaTa-fiaCvftv els TO laov f)iuv." 6 be

" Kat r 8ei ere leVat *cat AtTreiV rryy

;dAAa TTfôv aAAous, eay ^ rtyes

t." CK TOVTOV eOfXovTcu efyatvovro iioXXoL' K.O!

vvdiiiJia, OTTOTC H\OKV TO. aKpa, Ttvpa KO.UIV

TroAAd.


Greeks gain the heights. Comfortable quarters.

eyerero, o

Kal Kar-eXafiov TO opos' ol 8e aAAoi di>-eTraiWro. ajua

5e Tfl fintpq Xeipicro(/>os /â> 7/ye Kara Trji 68oy, ol 8e

KaTa-\a/36i'Tts TO opos eir-ifievav Kara Ta aicpa. *cal

ovrot (TviJi-fjuyvvacn /ue'pet raiy 7roXe/xi&)^, KOI 01 "EAX^ês 335

avroi/s. ei> rovru) ol p,tv TreATaarai

e/c TOU ire8tou Trpos TOU? 7ra/)a-rTay-

6e e(/)-ei7rTO aw rois OTrAtrats, 01 5e

oy, e7ret8r; kwpmv rovrovs j/rrca/xeVovs,

01 5er

'EAA]i>e5, Qixravrt.* KOA. aTi](ra^voi Tpo- 230

, Kar-f^rjcrav naKiv ets TO TifSiof, Kat i\\dov ets

/^cecrras TroAAwy &

Mountain fortresses of the Taochi.

cs

r?)8eta eTT-e'AtTTfi'* ol yap Taoxoi &KOVV yu>pia

is a dy-eKo/xiVairo Tiavra ra e7rtr?y5eta. ciret 8e a<p-iKovTO 235

jupiov Tt, ^v(j>

xat ar5pes ^<rai; Kat yui>auces >cat

iroAAa, XetpiVoôs Ae'yet rw Hero^w^n'" Touro

ro \u>piov alpereoy eorti' 57/^1^* TT) yap orparta OVK eart

ra e7TiT?/8eta, et /m^ \r;\|/o'//â TO \<optov.n

fvravda brj

Kal TOV Hero^wiros epcoTw^Tos Tt KcoAvoi 240

;, 6 XapiVo(oj eiTiey"AVTIJ /ut'a ear!

TrapoSoj, ^y opas' oTay 5e TIS TretpaTai TavTp -nap-itvai,

ol iroAe/xtot /cuAii/SoOo-i Atôvs VTrep TOUTT/? T?Js TreVpas,

cat crvv-Tptpovoi Kal (TKeArj Kai irAeupas TcSy orpaTice-

Twr." 245


Preparations for storming the fort.

"'AAAa/' f(pi] 6 Eez>o<<Sz>,

" TO yjapiov, 6 8ei r/juas

&)(tbbv rpia T/jouVAeflpd tori' TOVTOV 8e oaov

8aav eari TiLrvvi //eyciAai?, v<f> als lorrjjcores

8ej> ay 7rdcrxoiez> VTTO T>V KV\ivbovjj,fi'(t)V \i6u>v.

350 TO 8e AoiTroy -^capiov yiyvtrai a>s ij^Lir^fOpov, 6 5ei Ttapa-

bpa.iJ.elit, orav ol TroAe'îot A7/y(oo^t /3aAAoi>Tes TOWS Atôu?.

ouy fVTavOa, <-v0ei> 8eô- ?;ju?j; ita.pa-bpaiJ.tlv

ov TI, fcal pabiov ecTTai aTr-eAêu', ear /3ouAw;uâ."

ciropevovTo Xetpt(TO</)os Kat Hefo^wy Kat KaAAt-

255 /xaôs Aoxayo's' KOI /ICTO TOVTO avdputTToi air-f]\0ov imo

TO. bcvbpa w? fj38o^>coirra, ov aOpoot, dAAa Ka^' t'a,

Stratagem of Callimachus. The fort taken. A dreadful scene.

"Evda 8r) KaXAi/zaxos fii}X<waroi u. Trpo-erpf^f bvo rj

rpia /3///xaTa aTro TOU bevbpov, v</>'a> OVTOS ^v' e7rei87j 8e

260 ot Aiôi <pepoiVTO, av-fx<api cvTreTws" CTTCI 8e TTpo-bpdp.oi,

TrAeoyr)

Sexa a/iaâi TtfTp&v (Kaarorf av-ri\icrKOvro. o

8e 'Ayacrtaj, 8et<ras JU,T)ov TTp&ros avrbs Ttapa-bpa\j.oi cis

TO \topiov, 6pp.a.Tai fj.6vos, Kai Trap-fp\CTai "navras TOVS

traipovs. 6 8e KaAAt/jiaxos, opwy auTor 7ra/)-ioVra, 7ri-

265 Aa///3afTai avrou TT/S ITUOS' ey 8e TOVTO) 'ApioTtoWfzos

napa-Tpiyjti avrovs, KOI fj.era TOVTOV Evpv\oxos' nal

ovT(as alpovffi TO yj&piov. fvravOa 8^ Seivoy T/V deapa.

al yap yuyaues tppmrov TO, re waiSia Kai cauTas KOTO

Twy itfTp&v, Kal ol avbpes (TToCovv TOVTO.. IvQa. 8?)

270 Aoxayo's TIS lbd>v nva rS>v TroAe/xtwy naTa-pptyovra

ov, o-ToAy/v fôvra KoA;r, eTK-Aa/u/Saêrai avT^j* 6


e fTn-airarai TOV Xoâyov' Kal d/ixcpoYepoi coôrro Kara

TMV ii(TpS>i> (pfpop.fi'oi, Kal aTt-eOavov. evrevdev avQpowoi

fjifi' ndvv oAtyoi tXr\fydi](Tav, /So'es 8e Kai ovoi TroAAoi Kai

a. 375

Arrival at Gymntas. 'The sen, the sea!'

zv9r)(rav 8ta Xa\v/3a)/', Kal acp

erri "Apiraaov -noraôv' evrtvOtv 8e i]\6ov Trpos

//yaAr;t', ?'}eKaAeiro Ff/xz/ta?. e/c TavrTys T?}S Tro'Af cos

o rjjs ^copas ap^(ai> 7if{j.~fi T/ye/xoVa rois EIAX^criv* e\0tav

8e exei'i'os elTrey ort atu avroi/s TreWe i](j,fpS>v ets yjupiov 280

oêy o\\roivro OaXa.TT<3.v. 6 8e rjyelTO avrois' KOI dc/>-

tKi'ouvrai eTTt ro tTpos TI) Tre/xTTTTj rji^fpa' ofo/xa 8e r<5 opei

?]y 0?/)(f/?. eirei 8e ol Trpwroi eyeVorro ewi TOV opovs

Kai Kar-eI8oy rrjy tfaAarrav, Kpavyrj -noXXr] cyeVcro. 6

8e "Ed'cxp&v Kal ol oTrtcrô^vAaKes aKOvcraires wr/OrifTav 285

a6ai. rois e/XTrpocrêy. e7rc(8f/ 8e /3o?/

,xat ol det CTT-tbVres eêoy Spo'/ixw ewl

rois del (3oG>i>Tas, eSoVet 8?) TW Eero0<3iTi jueiôf rt

t ava-@as e<p' iTTTroy /cat dya-Aa/3a)f rows iTTTre'a?

êu Kai rdâ 8?/ aKOvofo't rwy orpartcoTaiy 290"^dAarra, âAarra," Kai Trapa-KeAevojueVcoi;

Joy o/" /ê Greets. A guide <weH rewarded.

"EvOa br) -navrfs Zdeov, Kal ra vtioûyia KOI 01 ITTTTOI

TjAaworro. 7rei 8e Trdyres a<p-iKovTo CTTI TO aKpov,

fvravOa 8^ 7repi-e'/3aAAoz; dAAÂous Kai aTpaTrjyovs Kai 295

vs SaKpvofTes* Kai ewûs ol ffTpariwTai êpouai

Kai TTOIOWI KoAcoror /u,eyay. /^CTa TaCra ol "EAA?;-


Kal (f>id\r]v dpyvpav Kal 07cevi)i> HepaiKrjv Kal xp?;//ara'

300 6 8e 8eias avror$ Kcop.qi', oil e8ei crK.rjvf'iv, Kal TIJV obov

rjv TiopevaoivTo fts Md/cpcoyas, wêro TT

Colchians bar the ivciy. A pithy address to the soldiers.

ol "EAX?;i'es eTiopevoiTo 6ta MaKpvvW oi

8e McLKpwvts Ttap-riyayov avrovs ev Tpunv 7//bte'paisf-nl

TO. K.6\\<t>v opia. (.vravOa r\v opo<s ptya, Kal CTTI TOVTOV

35 ot Ko'A)(ot Trapa-rerayjueVot rjvai'. Kal TO ^fv irp&rov ol

ap-traâi'To 0aAayya eTretra 8e 5oe rots

TrotTJcrai opOlovs TOI/S Ao'ôi1?. Hero^wr 8e

dir-twy CTTI TO evwwuov OTTO TOV 8etoG eAeye rots crrpa-

ncorat?'""Avbpfs, ouroc ovs oparc /uoVot Tt

310 ///jiasTO

fj.1) y'lbi] (U'at, erâ TraAcu etrTrey

eay mos ovvtop-eOa, 5ei /cat w/xoi/s-

Rout of the enemy. Effects of poisonous honey.

cyeorro e^ rais x&)/>cus, cai

dp^tovs TOUS Aoôvs, ol orpaTT/yoi 7ra/)-j;yyeiAay

rots Otols. evdfj.evoi 5e KCU Tiaiavifravrfs (vo-

315 pfvovro. ol 8e TroAe'juiot, ws ciSoi' avrovs Spo/xw Oeovras,

Zfavyov. ol 8e "EAA^res virep-fldvTes TO opos earpaTo-

s TroAAais KCU /xeorai? tTH.Trjbfi<ar.

iroAAa 7/y avro'î' Kat ocrot rG>v (TTpaTitoTwv

Kr/picav, TrdfTcs tyiyvovro a^pore?, xai ow8ets

320 e'8vâTo to-Tarrâi opdos. o{/rw 8e TroAAot

yeyeznj/xeVrj?, *cat iroAAry TJV advîa' Trj

/êr atr-tOavc, d/x(pt 8e TT/V avT//f a>paf av-e(f>p6vovv'

Tpinj 8e xai TtTdpTy T//W.CP? av-iaravTo, uxrirtp <pdp/xacoj;

VI. TRAPEZttS AND SINOPE. 57

Arrival at Trapezus. Festival games.

6e ij\0ov eiu Baârrav ets TpaTreôwra, 325

'EAA?7/n8a ey TT/ Ko'A^

ciy<3i'a yv^VLK.ov fv rw opt,

5e ApaKoVrtoy ^Traprcar/jj; Ka^-torai'at roy aywra, feat

aiirbv 8etât OTTOV 8t'ot rpe'xetf. 6 8e 8eiâ? TOP

V a) i(Tr?/Ke(Tay, etTref" Oro>s 6 Ad(ô? KaA- 330

Ataros eorat rw dywrt."

FIcos oSi'," tc/jafraf,"

5ur?j-

TtaXaUiv V \(opa oi'rco crKATypa Kat bacreiq ;" 6 8e

^,

" 'O Kara-7T(r&)y /uaAAov ri di-'tao-erat." KCU TratSe?

vroAAot rwi' cuxjuaAcdrajy Tjywyt^bi'ro, Kp?JTe? 8e

17 tî/Koi'ra tQtov TraAr/ 8e TJV KOI wvyp,^ Kat 335

eêoy 8e Kai tTTTrof KCU e8et avrovs eAa-

crairas Kara TOU Ao'ôv ava-arptyai. (V ^r^ OaXdrrrf KOL

~a\iv avut f\0iv Trpos Toy /3oj/xdr. /cat ot p.ey 7ioA\oi

eKvAtySoOyro Karw, ol 8e LTTKOI jixo'Ats enopevovTo Trpos TO

opQiov' cv6a TroAA^ jcpawy?) Kat ye'Acos Kat TrapaKt'Aeuats 340

CHAPTER VI.

TRAPEZUS AND SiNOPE.

TAf Greeks vote for going home by sea. Cheirisophus goes to

Byzantium for ships.

MeTa TaiiTa ot"EAATjres (fiovXevovro nepl TTJS

*'

- KOI


'

"Eycoye, oo avbpes, a-no-KafjiVd) r/5q fiabifav KCU rpi

Kal (pfpwv TO. oVAa KOI (pv\aTT<av 0uAa/cas /cat //aôjuei'os1

5 CTret 8e vvv f\ojj.fi> daXarrav, e77t-$i;//,<3 7rAeu> TO Xonrov

T?]? TTopcias, Kal oiirco? d(/)-t/cecrâi ets T?/V 'EAAaSa." ol

5e crrparuorat aKowarres raCra av-edopvfirjfrav ws ev

Aeyoi, (cat Traires 01 irap-o^res eAtyof ravra. eTretra 5

Xi/it(ro(/)os dw-OTJ] KOI eiTrey wc* "4>tAo?

10 avbpts, 'Ara^toy 6 ei>

ear' af eyw \6u>." aKovcravrfs raura 01

ijcrOrjrrav re /cat (^(pivavTo avrbv TrAety ws

Foraging. Attack on a fortress of the Drilae.

15 'Ey<j>

5e av-fyfvov rbv XetptVoô^, ot "EAAr/ê? e^-

CTTI AetW* Sero^wf 8e, Aa/3wy ^yt/ixovas TOW

bufTtcoi;, f^-7Jye ro rjîav TOV frrparev/xaros ets

A/)tAas, ro 8e TJ'jutrru Kar-e'AiTre <|)uAarrety TO or/mTo'Tre-

8oy. e?ret 8c ot "EAA?7j;es ^(ray e^ rr] az'a> \(opa, ol ApiAat

20 f/J-TTLirpavTcs TToAAa Twy %u>pMV aTT-ytcrav. $v Se 7/y

fjLrjTpoTToXis avrStv' ets TOVTO Tra^Tes <rvv-fp-

. -nepl 8e TOVTO ^y yjapabpa Ivyvptos fiadfla, Kal

TTpocroboi )(aAc7rat TT/JOS TO \u>piov. ot 5e TreATaorai 5ta-

fidi'TCs Ti]V \apdbpav Trpoj-eâAAoy irpos TO yjupiov'

25 TroAAot 5e xat bopv(f>dpoi avv-fiirovTo avTots, (So-T ol 8ta-

awkward predicament. Xenophon to the rescue t

Aa/3eif TO

VI. TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 59

irpbs KevcHp&vra' 6 8e ?/yeiro TOIS

KOI 6 Eeyo(p<Sy, irpos-ayayur TOVS ojrAiYas 30

Trpos TT)I> xapaSpay, eWAeutrer avrovs dtaQai ra oVAa'

airos 5e 8ta-/3as o-vz; TOIS Aoxayois ecrKOTmro ro ^(apiov.

KOI TOVS fj.fi> Aoxayous eTre/^Tre TraAtf, OTTCOS 8ia-/3i/3acmay

rouj OTrAtras' avros 5e e/xevty at-a-)(wpta-as awa^ras TOVS

TreAraaras, KCU ov/c eta auroyy aKpo(3o\Cf(T9ai. CTTCI 5e 35

ot oTrAtrat ^KOIJ, eKe'Aeucrei' eKaorof rwf Aoâywi; TrotTjcrai

Vigorous assault. Temporary repulse of the enemy.

Kat ol fj.lv faoiavv raura' 6 8e Scô^wrous TreAracrras uWt Si-^yxvAco/xeyous, Kat TOUJ

teWi eTn-ê/SA^/zeVous em rai? vevpcur eKe'Aeucre 8e KOI 40

TOVS yv^vrJTas ^X lv Tas î-^fpas pteo-Tas XiQ&v. eTrel 5e

navra Trap-eo-xevaoTo, *cat17 o-aA7riy e(/>#e'yaTO, ol

oTrAtrai Traiafio-avTes eêoy Spo'^w' Kal Ta /ye'A?/ 6/zoS

e<pe'peTO, Ao'yât, Toêv/xaTa, o-(pef8o'j;at, TrAetaToi 8e e/c

TWJ; xeipwv XiQov ycrav 8e ot Kai Trwp irpos-efpepov. VTIO 45

8e TOV TrAôvs TV /3eAwy 01 iroAe'/xioi f\nrov TO. re

crravp(afj.ara nal ras Tvpo-eis* COO-TC 'Ayao-tas Kat <f>iAo'feros,

KaTa-ê'êfOt Ta OTrAa, ey x 1 1'1 IJ-ovov df-e'ySrjaai', Kai

aAAoi jxeTa TOVTOVS* Kat TO yapiov fjXwKfi, ws e8o'a.

7/&e Greeks begin to plunder, but are forced to beat a retreat.

Kat ol /nev TreATaoral Kat ol \/uAoi eis-SpajuoVre? 50

rjpiraôv o TI exaaros e8waTO* 6 8e ztvofpwv crras KOTO

Tas Trv'Aas KaT-eKwAvae TOVS OTrAtVas e^w TroAe'/xtoi yapaAAot (<paivovTo eir' aKpots Tiaty io-)(upors. /ueTa 8e

yjpovov upavyri Tf tyevero evbov, KOI ol "EA\j;res

6O SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

55 efavyov, 01 n(v ex VTfS a e\aftov, ol be Kal

Kal TroAus 77 1> &>0ioyios dfi(/H TO Ovperpa. Kal ol ex-

eAyor on a*pd re etr; eV8or, *ai TroAAoi Tr

tTTj, 01 e/c-8eSpap.r;Ko'rfs Traioief rows

Attack upon the inner fort, at first unsuccessful.

E,vravOa eKeAeuo'c roi/ K?/puKa d^-ciTrerr, TOUJ /

60 rovs TI Aa/M/3areu> teVat eio-co. al TroAAot et5-/ecray, ai

Kar-exAeKTay TOV? TroAf/iiovs 77aAiy cty r?/y attpav. xai

ra /lei; e^co TT)S aKpas Trarra bi-rjpirdaOri, KOI ot'EAAr/res

f-KOfj.L<Tai'To ri]i> Xelav' ol 8e OTrAirat lêrro ra oTrAa,

ot /uey a/z(/>i rd oraupw/xara, ol 5e Kara rrji' 656y TT/V

65 <f>tpov<rav cirl rrjv axpav. 6 8e Hero</)5f KOI 01 Aoxayoi

fffKOJiovv fl bwaTov fi/ Aa/3eiv r^y anpav' 8oc 8' au-

rots TO yjuplov ov \rjTTrlov ett'cu. (vravOa ol "EAA?;i'es

a7ro-xc)/>eti'i

\u>povvT(av 8' avT&v TroAAot rwv

70 ai'-t{3aivoir em ras oiKi'as, xai eif-eppntTov v\a

aviaQev, ajore xaAfTroj; Jjv tat pfveiv Kal a

Greeks set fire to the bouses. Tlx fortress taken.

<j)8c fn

fj.\ovTo KOI i}-nopovvro, QeStv ris

p.rj\ai'TjV rairr;ptas. eâirivrjs yap ointa TIS c

75 8eta otKtwf. a>j 8e 6 Heroôiy efjiade roCro,

ev-aTrreii; xai ray er apivrepq oiKia?, at ^crar

eoore cot Ta\u CKaioiTo. ol 8' oyv 770\e'îioi efyevyov Kal

aito rovTOiv T&V OLKMV. evravOa eKe\ev<re (pepeiv v\a

is TO (jLfvov eavrStv Kal rS>v TroAe/iiwi'. CTTCI be v\a

80 txardTJI/, fv-fi^rav Kal oi/ra) /xdAi; a7j-j/A0oi> aTro rou

VI. TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 6 1

XO>/HOI>, iroirja^fvoi Tfp tv /xtu) OVTV Ka TV7:oAe/xiW. Kal Ttacra

57 TroAts KaT-eKavOrj, Kal al OIKUU

Kal al rvpfftis Kal TO. (TTavptouara KOI TO. dAAa "n

Ka,T-f.Kavdr)(ravt TrA?)*.' ai'rijs r?)s ctKpas.

No ne<ws of Cheirisophui. The Greeks leave Trafezus for

Cerasus.

T^ 8e vcrTfpaiq ol "EXXrjves aTT-fffcrav exoyres ra 85

. eTret 5e oure Xet/nVo(/>os ?êy, ovr

,ovre Irt ?jy Aa/x/Sdyfiv Ta C7rir?j8eta, e8o

airotj aTT-treoy dlvai TTJS TpaTreôi/i'roj. Kai eis /xey ra

TrAota cv-fftL/BacTaif TOVS re aatfevowras Kat roi/? v;rep

rcrrapd/coyra erTj, Kai TraiSas /cat ywauca9, Kat rSi' 9

or/ccuaiy ocra pi] avaynr] rjv f\iv' ol 8e aAAot (TTOpevovro

Kara yrjv. Kal a(p-iKVovi>To Tropeuo/xerot eis KepacroS^ra,

Tro'Aty 'EAAiji'iSa em OaXarrrj kv ri] KoA)(t8i XPa -

(vravda e/ixetyay ^/xe'pas Se'fca* xat eê'raai? eyiyêro Kal

os r?}s o-rparias' Kai eyeVopro oKraKts-x'Atot Kat 95

Among the Mossynoeci, Their barbarous manners.

'Ex Kepao-ou^ros 8e Tropevovrat CTTI ra Mo<r<ri;iw6ca>i>

opta, Kai atpowi yjupiov rt v\l/r]\bv fv rfj eKetWy

ra Se TrAeio-ra rovrcov rwy \(ap((av roidfie ^y. al

OTT dAAijAwv OCTOV oySo^Koyra ardSia* ava- 100

8e aAA?jAa)y (nif-TjKouov eK r% ere'pas TroAecos

ets r?)y krtpav' ovrajs v\l/r]\ri re Kat

8e ol "EAAjjês eZ8oi>

aireurou?, re^pa/zjue'yovs Kapwots ftpOois, air-

aAow Kat (r<j)6bpa ACUKOI;?, iroiKiAous 5e ra i/aira Kat 105


TO. e/u,7rpO(T0ev TIO.VTO. eoriy/Ae'rovs. v&VTCS 8e ol oVSpes

KOI at yufauces T/rrar \evjcot. rovrous ol orparei'o'a/jtfi'oi

tAeyoy /3ap/3apamiTous etvat 7rdVra)/>, ovs 8i-eA0otey. ef

re yap oxAw o^res ^ffofow airep avOpMiroi ev epjj/xta ay

1 10 TToaya-etai', juo'rot re oi>res eTrparrof airep /xer'

paêiay a^' 8i-eAeyorro re eavrois, xai eye'

eavrois, /cat

Cotyora. Embassy from Sinope. The Greeks enquire about

their route.

Ata ra^TJjs r?js \u>pas ol "EAAjy^'e? knopfiidr](Tav OKTO>

115 orafytoi;?, xat afy-iKvovvrai ets XaAv/3a9. evrevOev a0-

et? Tt/SapTjôiis, <cat îera raSra Tropevo/xei'ot Syo

CL^-LKOVTO ets Korvwpa Tro'Atj; 'EAA;vt8a. e^raPâ

f/j.ii>av 7y/u,e'pas rerrapaKO^ra ireVre. eV 8e ravrats

lip&Tov fjitv <!6v(Tav rots 0eots, *at firoirja-av Tro/xTras Kat

1 20 ayaii>as yvnvLKOvs. ra 8 ^Trtr/8eta eAa/x/3az>oj> ra /xy ex

riys rTa</)Aayoytas, ra 8e e/c rair \(apMV ru>v KorucoptrcSf.

ex 2trwTr?js irpeVySets, irpo->jyo'pei 8e

8etvos oaf Ae'yeu1. ovrot 8e eiTroi; on

OVK rJKoifV iroiTjao'/xei'oi TroAffioy, aAAa e7H-8ei'oz>re? on

<^)iAoi e7ev. rourou 01 re Korwcopirat CTre/XTrov ê'z'ta,

xai ol arparr/yoi raii; 'EAATjrcoy (ei>i.(flv TOWS rwy

SuxoTreW TipeV/Sets* *cai eTrwi'âi'o^ro aurwz; TTfpt T^J

\oi7r//s TTopetas, i)<cara âAarra/.1

Se'oi


Answer of Hecatonymns.' A land journey is impossible ; you

must go by sea to Heraclea.'

*O Se 'E/carco/'u/xo? aya-crra? fltifV" OtSa /ier on 130

^/Aas eojj.v TroAu irAa'co Trpdy/xara, eav /cara 0dAarrav

KO[j.l^]ffOc SeTjaet yap r//xas iropifciv ra TrAoia' eaf 8e

Kara y?]i> Trope^crfle, t>p,a? 8e?/cret tu'at roi/s âôn^vovs.

o/xwj oe 8e? Aeyeiy a yiyrwo-Kco* e/XTretpoj yap ei/xt TTJS

8e xat TreSt'a KaAAtora '35

no\jj.uov, ot>8e 01 Trdyres avQpwTioi bvvaiVTO av bi-e

ei 8e /cat bvva.L(r6 v-nep-p^vai ra. oprj, KOL KparijtraL rutv

kv rai TCC&I'O, êre CTTI TOVS 7rorap:oi;y,

yikv Toy &(pjj.(abovTa, bevrepov 8e 'Iptr, rpirov 8e 140

"AAw, aiy ovbeva av bvvaurOc bia-flijvai avev TtXoiatV rt's

5e Tiap-{(t iiiuv TO. TrAota; eav 8e 8ta-/3^

CTrt TOV flapO^vtov, os a/3aro's eoriv w

v o5v vofJ.i(a TTJV Kara yTjy "noptiav eiâi <aa.VT&-

abvvarov' cay 8^ TrAeJjre, fi'dfi'be /xey Trapa- 145

cts îvwTrrjr, e* 2iyw7rrjs 8e eis'

woAAa 8e TiAoid earii^ ev 'Hpa/cAeia/' 01 8e

ravra, tyt}$t<TainQ Ui'ai Kara QaXarrav,

Xenophon's grand project. Silanus creates an alarm.

'Ev 8e rovrw TO> \pov<a e8d/cet Heroâirn naXbv elvai

ar-oiKiVai y TO) ndi>Ta>, /cat OVT&> irpos-KTâandai 150

Kal bvvafj.iv ry 'EAAdot. KOI fm rowrois eGvero

XaOpa rutv crTparnarSti'^ 7rapa-/caAeo-as ^.iXavov, rov Kvpov

fjMVTtv yfvofjLfvov. 6 8e 2tAayos, 88i(bs p.^ ravra yeVoiro

Kai ^ orparia Kara-p.fiVLV (ffiovXero yap <Ls rdxtora

eis TJ)J>

c

EAAd8a), eAeye Trpos TO orpdVeufia 155


on Eeôc/jaif fiovXoiTo oltiivai iioXiv avrdOi, KOI TTOU;-

(TaarOai ovoô. KCU bvvaptv eourw. roTs Se TroAAcns T&V

orpaTicorcoi;, 7ret ^Kovtrav ravra, eSoxei /3e'ArioToz>

/m?7 Kara-/mi>ai fV TW

160 f(b6fli]crav e/xiro'pous rtms Trap-otras rwy 'HpaKAewraii' /cat

v, \eyovTes on KiySuyoj CIT^ TroAvy, ci rocravrr)

fj.(iveiev (V TW

Timaston offers to settle the Greeks in Troas.

Ol 8e e/XTTOpoi aKowai'Tts raCra a7r-?jyyeA.Aoi>

165 TovTinacriutva, /cat KcAevovaty avrbv iTfideiv ri)v crTpanav

e^-eXOtlv eic TOV HOVTOV. 6 8e cruA-Ae'â? TOUS orpa-

nwray Aeyet ra8e - " Ov bti ^p.as ey^dSe /xe'/'ety, cu'Spf s,

dAAa ws ra^tora a-n-itvai CTTI rrjf 'EAAdSa. a/cowo 5^

nyas Ovtadai (itl royro) \dOpa I/IJL&V. {m-KT^yovyLai 8e

170 ii/ztV, âf eK-TrAtrjre, Trap-tet.v v^w [ucrdoV KCU a^ft) v//a9

is T?/y TpwaSa, e^êv et/xt (pvyas, KOIrj /j,r) TTO\LS VTT-

ap. I>IMV ?}y?/(ro/xat 8e Vjuas /cat

iroAAa

Xenopborii defence, i. *M)/ o/y oA/Vr/ is your welfare ; if

Silanus says otherwise, be speaks falsely.'

*O 8e Eero(/><5j; ev TOVTW /aev eatya' vorepop 8e dâ-

175 (TTas etTTe TaSe' "'Eyw /uey, S dj'8pej, Ovo/jiai /cat vucp

KOI virep fp.avTov, OTTOHS Tavra Ae'â) Kat voTycra) /cai

),& eorai KclAAiora vj^rv T xal ffJioL /cat vCv

6pLr]v Trepl CLVTOV rovrou, ci a^fivov flrj Ae'yeiy f^s

ra> e^w irpdrreiy, ^ .navranaai. aiyav Ttepl

^ 6 /udiris a7r-e/cptWrd îot ra /xev


a etmt KaAa' eAee Se on v TO?S tepots QatvoiTO rt?

Oo'Ao? Kat Tn(3ov\i] e/xot* eytyyaxnce yap on avros eV-

fftovXeve 8ta-/3aAAeti> /îe Trpos i/nas, Aeywy w? eyw 8ta-

voot[j.riv Ttparrtiv ravra XdOpa v\j.G>v"

ii.' / wow j'/'Ui? up my project ; let us return to Greece*

"'Eya> Se, et /xey ewpwy âs aTropovfras raiy eTTtrrj- 185

ovv av rowro, OTTWS ip-els Aa/3oVres

rtz/a aTTO-TrAeô-atre 7)817, e ' fSovXoicrOt' ei 8^ jtx^

Aotcrê aTr-teWt, ea-KOTtovv OTTCOS er0a8e jueVo^r

CTret 8e opw 'MpaKAecora? K

/xr^ TrAora, /cat a^8pas rti'aj vir-ta^yov/xefoi/s 190

jj.ia6ov, KaAoV /xoi Sofce? cTrai ^/xas

aTTO-TrAfri'' KOI airo's re Trawojuai eKeiV?js T

TOVS aAAovj xjirjvai </>?^t navtaOai, oaoi avv e/xot 8t-

cfooCyro raura. yiyz>co<TKGO yap ori GJUOU /xey ovres

iroAAot, ajffTTfp fwy lore, Kat I^Tt//ot eaeo-ê /cat eêre ra 195

f7rtT?/8eta> ear 8e Sta-cnraaflijre Kat oAtyot ye'jô-ê, owre

8i>i>?jo-e<T0e Xafj-Pdveiv rpo^rjv, ovre KaAws aTto-yjuptlv,

Tavra ovv 8oKft f/îot cbrep v//u^, eK-7ropevecrât ts TT)J>

'EAAa8a' Kat edy rts diro-Xforj) //jua?, Trptv Trav TO arpd-

rev/xa etrat ei &cr<âAe7, rouroi' KpivtcrQai a>s a8i<com'ra." 200

Silanus foiled in his object. Neiv project of Timasion

and Thorax,

TU Tovrots airafres av-trfivav ras

2iAay6s e/Qoa, Ae'yaJf ws 8tKatov ei?j ati-itvai rov jSouAo-

fjLevov. ol 8e orpariwrat ?}7retAowv avrw on, ei A?jvôtfro

a7To-8t8pao-Koyra, KoAdaetai' avrov. fvrtvOtv ol 'Hpa-ra p.e^ TrAota wfjntov<ri}

ra 8e xP r]âTa) ^7r~ 205

Ti/xaaicort cat wpaja, OVK tyacray


(vravda Sfj Tt/xacraoy ical 0a5pa, 7rapa-Aa/3oWes

uAAous orpanjyovs, 7rA?jy Neau'os rov 'Aatfotbv, epôyrat

,/cat \*yov<Flv on boK.fl avrols ijbi]

7;Aeu> ts 'I'ao-iy, /cat /cara-o-^tij; T7/f

\utpai'. Zfvoty&v 8t cnr-CKpivaTO on OUK ay

et770t rawra ets r/jy aTpanav"v^cis be" e^,

"<ryA-

TOUS arpartcoraj, ct

Dissatisfaction of the army. Xenophon calls a meeting'

O! 8e or/jaTtwrat evrvôrro raura TipaTToiJ.fi>a.' KCU o

21 5 NW cAeyey a)i" Hey(K/)wy Sta-rootro ayety TOVS <rr/iartw-

ras TraAiv ei? <lj acrty.<uKowrrat'res oe ol oT/iariairai

e</>epoy ravra* xai crwAAoyot eytyt'orro avrwr

CTret 5e Heroâiy 7/o-^(iyeTO,

rw-ayayU> rou? or/sancoras,

eacrai auroi/s o-t/A-AeyJ/z'cu avro/uarous* cat exe-

TOV xr/pv/ca avA-Ae'yeiy erKAâ-iay. ot 8f, eiret

TOU Kr/pVK09, (Tvi'-lbpaôv fj.u.\a. eroi

o Heroâiy eAe^fy cS8e*

Xenophon's second defence. \.' The reports against me are

false ;I could not deceive you if I ivoitld?

8ia-/3aAAety e/ue, w uy5p<s, ws eya> e^-

225 aTranJ<Tas i/^ta? jueAAoo ayety ei? (l>aa-iy. d/<oi;(raT oyy

Aeyoyros' jcat ear /iey fya> </;aiy&)/xai d8t/ceu', eirt-

y 5e ol 6//e 8ta-/3aAAoyres ^>atWyrat

eir, ourw xpifrrOe avrols, axntfp aidv eori.

5e, o?/xat, lore 6'0ey ?;Aios dy-tV^ft, Kat OTTOU dvcrat*

230 Kai on fay \t.iv ns eis TJ)y 'EAAdoa /ieAA?j u'yat, wpos

bfl TTOp(v(crOai, eai> b^ ris /3ovArjTat tet-ai iy


rovs ftapfidpovs, 6Vt Set nopfveaOai -Trpos eo).

8e Kat rouro, on /3opeas /zef <pepet eo> rou FIoWou ets

r?)z> 'EAAdSa, VO'TOS 8e (/>epet et<To> eis a<ny Kat Ae'yere,

orai; /3ope'as TTê'?/, a>$ xaAoi 77X01 eto-ti" ety rr/i' 'EAAd8a. 235

rt's oSy ooiâiTo ay e-a7Tar?}a-(H v/xas ?/

OTO.V VOTOS"

i\. 'Neither could I force you to accompany me. These

calumnies proceed from pure jealousy.'

" 'AAAa Kat eay e/^-/3t/3d(ra) ^//as, orav yaA?yr>j ?], eyw

fzey ev fi irAota) TrAewo/xat, vêls 8e e*> ejcaToV. TTWS

fttvovs ; >cai 8^ eay e-a7rar?j<ras dyco vp.as eis âcrtr,

/cat aTro-jSaiW/xel' ets TT)I \u>pav, yz>c6<recr0e OTI ov/c eore

er TT; 'EAAdStj Kat eyw /xey eo-o/xat ets, vjueTs 8e

(oires oTrAa. aAAa ourot etaty ol Ao'yot ai

oi fyOoi'ovaLV f\j.oi} ort eya> rt/îcoât v0' v/xwy. 245

Katrot ov StKatcos ye af /xoi (f>0ovoiv' eya> yap K<wAi;a>

ov&va auT&v r] Aeyety irept TOU Kot/'ou dyaôv / fj.d-

X(rOai i'Titp v^S>v re Kat eawoO. dAAa raCra /.cey dpKet

e^xot, a et/))/Ka Trept TOVTMV' et 8e rt^t vju,wy uAAo ri SoKet^

Ae^dra)." 250

Xenophon accused of harsh dealing. A (witness examined.

'EK TOVTOV Trdires dy-tordp:eyot eAeyoy TOWS roy Hero-

8ta-/3aAdi,ras Sowat biKi)V e8oê 8e KOI roi/s

wy ey r<

eVcoi'. fVTavda brj KaT-rjyoprjcrdv rives Heyo-

, (f)d(TKOVTo</>a)i> eKÂeuae toy Trp&rov Ae'ârra eiTretv TTOIJ

F 2


icat e7r\?;y/7. 6 8e aTT-eKpiva.ro' ""Oirov a77-a)XX7Jp.e0a ra>

/n'yet, Kal %iu>v 7rXeioT7j 7/f." 6 8e ECPO^WP el-jre^'

" 'AXXa p.7ii>,a eV Toiovra) ncnp oj/cof o/xcus 8e *at Xtov, 8ta

ri cTrX?/"/?^' TroTfpov fl-row ri ae, KCU fTrato'r (re,

(Ttfl 8e 6 avijp ei-e^ ov8cv cirai TOTJTCOV, 6 Hero^wy

(Tr-rjpfTO CLVTOV ft 6ir\LTfvoi. OVK </7 6 dzn/p. ir(iXtv

265 *ip(TO avTov 6i ireXra^bt. oii8e rouro c^)f/, dAXa e\avi

Barbarity of a soldier to<warJs his comrade. Xenofbon

amply justified.

'Ej>rav0a 8?; 6 Bei>o(Tj<2i> av-eyiyvwcrKev av" *H (TV 7 6 TOV (cd/iyofra dyaycor ;

" "Nal," 0rj 6

" av yap ?}rdyKa^*s /ie TOVTO voujffat' 8i-cppi\â5 8e ra

270 re3i> e/xwi* <7uo-/c7;i;a)y (TKCVT;."" ""AXXd

77 /xe

$77 6 Het'oâJi',f{

aJ8e ircos eye'rero* 8t-'8a)ca Ta

dXXots dyeiv, xat /ce'Xe?j(ra aTr-ayaycty aOra Trpoy e^te'

<cai diro-XajSuiy a7r-e'8a>K<i aoi aTtavra (Twa, cireiSJ) cai av

a7r-e8eias c/ioi TOV di-bpa. v/xcts 8e dfcoTJo-are oTov TO^

375 TTpayfj-a tyevero. di'7)p /car-eXeiTrero 8ia TO fXTjKeVi 8v-

pao-flat TiopV(rdai' KOI ey&) TjfdyKafrd (re ayeiv avrbv,

OTTO)? ^ aTT-oXoiTO' xai yap TroXc/xioi ^)-ct7rotTo û/.eTrei 8e efceXevad ere vpo-t&ai, vcrrepov KaT-eXaySov <re

opvTTovra (360pov, a>s Kar-opvôvra TOV &vdpu>irov. eiret

280 8e, wap-eorrjKOTcoi' ruiCtv, 6 a.vr\p <riy-e*ca/xvê TO

ol Trap-oVres (rvi'-tupayov OTI fa)??* oa> 8e eiTres,' Eire

etTe Tf.Ovi]Ktv, eycoye OVK aco auToV.' tf

<r* eSofas yap fxoi ei8e'rai on 6 dt^p ef/j." "Ti'oui>;':

fad i<a aot


avToV;"" Kai yap ly/ms," ecpq 6 Hefo^wf,

<f7rcu>TS OTTO- 285

Oai'ov^fda' TOVTOV ovi> eVeKa 8a ///las {"<Sfras K

vcu. ;" ej'Tai>0a Traires av-tKpayov a>s 6 "EtvofyGtv Trat

avrov oAtyas TrAjjyay.

Xenophon continues his defence, i.'

Af^ seeming harshness was

justified by circumstances,1

'O 8e Hero</)wy c/ceAever aAAovs Aeyeiy Sta T^ eKao-ro?

7rA?/y^. eTTtt 8e o^Sets d^-tVraro, avros eAeyei>*"''Eyw, 290

co ct/;5/3ey, ojuoAoyw Tiarcrai 5?) dfSpas eiuore, oirot AtTroWes

ras rciêts /cat Trpo-fle'oyres f]6e\ov ap-na&iv re Kat

eKreiy ^/xwy. ei Se -jrayTes eTrotoC/xej; rovro,

ay aTr-coAo'/xeâ. e7iai(ra 5e Ka^ riz/as ava-navo^vovsKat ov/c eêAorras av-wravOai, xal e/3ta(ra/x7jy TOIO^JTOUS 295

KOI yap ev TW layvpu yjEiij.G>vi \a\cnov i]v

/cat e/jiavTw, Ka^-e{"o/x,eVto 7roAi;y \povov, ai>a-<rTrjvai Kat

ra o-Ke'Ary. 8ta TOUTO oSv, OTTOTC t5ot/xt aAAoi;

rJiJ.CVOV KCU jSAaKevovra, r/Aawoy airoV TO |y,ey

yap KU'etaât Trap-etê depfiaffiaff nva KCU vypJrjjTa, VTCO 300

5e rou K.o.Q-rj(fdai TO re at/xa CTrrjyyvro xat o! Sci/cruAot TWI;

77080)^ aTT-eo'TjTroi'To' cnrep iroAAot KOI v/^wy fTiaOov.

aAAous 8e ye tcrcos aTTO-Aenro/xeVows ey rfj 68<5 Kat KW-

Awo^ras TO arpar^vâ -nopevt&Oai eTratcra TTI>, OTTWS /x?

v

;

Tratoti'TO Tats TWJ; TroAe/xtcoy Aoy)(aty. 305

ii.' Aô^y /^<7/ <ii;f are oa/ o/" danger, I am no longer severe?

iii.' / demand justice at your hands.'

" Kat a fxey kiil dya^w eKo'Aatrci Ttva, d^t&i

bovvai 8tKjjy, otar Kat yovtis bibovcnv viols Kat

Trai<rt. et 8e yo/xt^Te /xe TavTa TTpdrTdv v^Spe

OijTf OTI yCy eya) dparrvTfpos t/xt ?/ TO'TC, Kat TTU'CD TrAetco


310 oli'ov, Q.AA' o;*s 7raio> ov8eW' 6p5> yap vfj.as oWas ev

tvbiq. orav 8e ^fifjL<av 77, tore on KCU pLKpov fVfxev

ana.pTiifj.aTos 6 fj.lv irpwpfvs \a\eiraivei ro?s cv irptapq,

6 Se KvfiepirfTrjs \a\tTiaiveL rots ey Ttpvfj.vri' cv yap TW

T06oyrw xaipw /cat /xupa d/xa/)T?y/uara

315 <rufj.<f)opas. davfj-dfa 8e on, et /xe'y nTOVTOV, (I be riva tv CTrotT/o-a ^ (TT-fiv&ra rj

, ov5ets //.e'/xyjjrai rovrcov. aAAa jurjv /caAoy ye

tori /cat biKaiov fj.ffj.irij<rOai r&v ayaQStv fj,a\\ov rj rwi

KaK&i-." fK TOVTOV fj.lv br] av-[<TTai'To Kal ir-fivovv TOI

32 Eew>0a)i>ra' Kal iravra Tre/n-eyeVero wore

Embassy of the Paphlagoniaru. The Greeks entertain the

ambassadors.

Kat ol fj.(v

v na<f)\ayoviav' ol 8e ITaÂaydVes fKaKovpyovv TOWS

arrt TOVTW. KopvXas 5^ 6 ITa(/)Aayorias

TrpecrySeis irapa TOI/S "EAArjyay, Ae'yovras

on KopvAas eroijuos t?j <f)t\os (Ivai TOLS "EAAr/o-t^, wore

î^re dSiKeli; /x^re a8iKeur0ai. ol 8e crrparrjyot aTr-eKpi-

vavTo on irept /xer TOVTMV (3ov\v<rourro avv r^ orpana,

(bfôvTo bf avrous w? *vovs. dvvavTfs b% (3ovs Kal

aAAa iepeta eSei'ufovy *cai t-nivov (rvv avrois.

7Zv entertainment begins ivitb a Tkracian pantomime.

330 'ETTCI 5e (TTrofSai re tyevovTo Kal (iraiavicrav^ irpS>Tov

fj.ev Qpqufs o.v-t<mt}(rav Kal vpyjivavTo Ttpbs avAov oi/y

rots oTrAois, cccu TJfAAoin-o KOV^WS, at expwpro rots

fxaxai/>ais. re'Aos 8^ 6 erepos eTiaio-e TW erepoy, /cat

ira<Ttv (boKfi rov avbpa TfOvrjK^vaL' 6 b% e7re<r

VI. TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. Jl

7TC09, KOI ol Oa^Xayofes av-tKpayov feat 6 \ikv Aa/3a>t' 335

TO OTrAa TOV erepov f-'/t acoi> TOV SiraAfcaf* aAAoi

be rG>v QpqK&v e-e'(/>epoy TOV trepov a>s Te6vi]KoTa'

8e

Tfo '

Carpaian'

//<7Wff described.

Mera roCro aAAoi o.v-i(TTr]<Jo.v, KCH w

t'ay op^rjcnv tv rots oi:\ots' 6 5e rpoTros TJ]S 340

. 6 /xei' 7rapa-0e//eros ra OTrAa

r, TroAAa/cis orpe<d|uez>os ws (ôftov

erepos 5e ws A?/or^s Trpos-epxerai. 6 Se t5coy ror

XyffTTjv apTtafa TO. OTrAa, KOI /iaxeTctt êp TOV fevyovs'

jcat re'Aos 6 ATJOTT)? yj(ras TW avbpa cnr-ayei avrov re 345

Kut TO e{!yo?. CVIOTC be KCU 6 êvyTjAciTr/s I'txa Toy

\yarijv flra 8770-05 oTTtVa) TOJ xe'Pe OTT-eAawei avroV.

y^ Mys'tan performance. War dances. The Pyrrhic dance.

Mera TOUTO Mvaos (h-ijXOfv (\wv Tit^rrfv ev tKarepa*

vTai, Tore 8e e^p^To Taw ir'Arais ws irpoy tva, TO'TC 8e 350

KOI t-(Kvfii(TTa. tyjuv Tas Tre'ATas* Kal o\l/is xaA?)

Te'Aos 8e wpxerro TO Hcpo'tKOi', Kpov&v

Tas TreATO?, >cai wxAafe KOI ^-avio~raro' KOL f-noiei

ravra Ttdvra (V pu^/xw Trpos Toy avAov. cVTaiifla ets-

ol MarTirers KCU aAAoi rives T&V 'ApKaScof e- 355

i, rjeaay Te eV pv9p.<$, KOI eTtaidvivav Kal

ol 8e OaÂayoye? opwyres fOavjj.aôv

Trdtras TOS opx^creis eTvai ei> oirAoi?. 6 8e Murros opG>v

aiTois âu/xa^bfras eis-ayi op^rjarpiba, o-Kevacras

aurrji' ws eSut'aro KaAAtcrra, xal bovs ai>Tfl aaiiiba 360


Kovfyiji'. ?/ be<j)[)yji<

pws. et-raOâ Kpo'ros1

7/t> TroAus' KOI rorro TO re'Aos

vnj TT/ j'l'Kri eye'rero.

Terms of peace concluded. The Greeks sail to Sinope.

Tjy 5e varepcua ol orpaT>;yoi 7rpos-?/yov TOI/J 7J7V/3eis

5 eis ro orparev/jia' A.CU e8oe rots or/iaTKorais /^J/re citKU>

fIa(/)Aayo't'as /jti/te ddiKei(rât VTT* avrcGv. jutra TO^TO

ol xef 77pt'<Tets WÔVTO' ol 6e "EAAijres, e7Tt5)/ TrAoia

)-eti'at, ara-/3ar7es en\eov ijfjifpav KCU

fcaAw. KOI a0-uo'/jirot eiy SU'WT

370 hjpfjLiarai'To iy*

ApiirfVijlff At/xe'm T/}S Sti'wTrrjy

77615 6 TTt/iTTOUCTl ^fZ'lU TOW "EAATJCTl^, ttA0lTtt KOI

CHAPTER VII.

SINOPE TO CEIRYSOPOLIS.

Cbeirisopbus returns. Xenopbon is offered the sole command.

Kat ev ravrp T>) 'ApurjVfl ol "E\\r}Vfs ffj.cwav ij^fp

/p?;. 01 8f orpaTiairai, w? eSo'xow ?/8rj yiyviaOaiis TT)S 'EA\a5os, fii-fOvfjiovv fj.a\\ov r) -npoarOtv cup-

5 uto-flai oiKaSe. efioêv ouy curois ekeaOat Zva apxpvra,KOI rpa-Tro'/xcfot Vt TOJ; H evo<p<avra Hittidov amov 5e-

^f apxyv. 6 8e e/SouAero /xcv ap^ftv, vopifav

* 2

i:

VII. S1NOPE TO CHRVSOPOLIS. 73

rtfxr)y 4auro> êifco oimws ay yevfffOai* oTrore 5' au ey-

GVHOITO on TO jueAAoy a8rjAo'y tan Trawl dyflpcoTrw, KOI

ore 8ta roiiro Kt'ySwos euj //?/ a770-/3aAoi Kat r?/y ?rpo- 10

etpyaoyze'yjjy o'ay, TjTropetro.

Xenopbon interprets the omens, and refuses the command.

eVw oe avrw I8oê Kpariorop elât ara-

TOIS Otots' Kat e^ytro ra) Att r<5 /SacrtAei, ort

rourov TOV 0eo3 (v6fj.ifi> ecopa/ceVat ro 6Vap, o

ore Trpwroy yptOr] apyjuv rrjs orpartas. feat ore 15

wp/xaro c^ 'Eêrrou o-y/^-juaxov/xeros Kvpw, ay-

e* at ori 6 /xa^rts ro'rc eAeye /txe'yay /êj; Toy ol<avov

i, tniiiovov fj-evroi, TO. yap opêa Ic^r/ /îdAto-ra CTTI-

rQ> derw KaO-rj/xeVo)' rov Se olwvov OVK cu'at 20

\pri{j.aTL(TTLKoi>, TOV yap deroy TI^TO^VQV nzdA.tora Aa^t-

TO. C7rir75eta. o{!ra) 8 yi/v 6

Cheirisophus is elected. Voyage to Heraclea.

et 8e 6 Hfrocâif ov/c cSeâro r?yy apîjv, ol crrpa-

rtwrai ei'Aovro XeipiVoôv. 6 8e Trap-cA^cby eiTref 25

"'AAAa, ai ai>8pes, roCro /xey To-fe, on OVK ay eycoye

ecrra(Tta{"oy, et aAAoy et'Aeo-ê' 7ret 8e e/x^ eiXecrfle, KOI

cya) Tretpdo-o/xat vrotety v/îas o n ay Swtoîai dyaflor.

Kat v/xer? ovrco Trapa-aKeuaCecrê eis avpiov, ws TrAeu-

aoiJLfvoi. 6 8e 7rAoi5s etrrat ets 'HpaKAeiay* eTrctSay 8e 30

tX6(i)fj.v eKeure, ôuAevcro'jueâ Trept rwy aAAcoy.' ey-

TtvOfv Trapa-TrAcwcrayres d(/)-txoyro ets 'HpaKAeiay KOI

ol 'HpaKAeairat 7rep.7rovcrt e'yia rots "EAA?jo-ty, aA0iraKat oTyoy Kat ^3ous etKoo-t KOI ots e


Ungracious conduct of some of the Greeks. The Heracleant

menace <war.

35 Ol 8e orpariwrai ai/A-AeyeWes e/3ou/\evofro ittpl TTys

AOITTT;? 770pe/'a?, irorepov Kara y7jy 17/cara 0aAarray

a/? e*c rov Ylovrov. AVKMV 5e'

) //ey, a> ar8pey, on ol (rrpar?7

///xty xPâra' raura yap ra

40 aerai criria rpicoy i]^pS>v TTJ orparta. e/iot

atrely rows 'Hpa/cXewras ju,^ eAarroy

KOI Tre/iTreir 7rpe'(r/3eis Trpoy r^v TroAty irept

vrcvOev Trffj-irovcn A.VK(OVCL KOI

KOI 'Ayao-iW* ouroi eAôyres eAeyov ra

45 01 6e 'Hpa/cAewrai aKouo-at'Tes raOra ffpaaav

creaOai, KOI tvdvs crvi'-fjyov ra XPW07" ^* T^

>cai a! TTvAai eKexAetrro xat 6VAa ((aivero f.m rS>v

Threefold partition of the army. Numbers in each division.

'E TOVTOV ol 'Apa8s /cai ol 'Amatol o-uy

5 eAcyov, w? alcr^pov CITJ era 'A^^faiof ap\civ

vij(rL(t)v KOI AaKfbaifj,ovi(v. r\v 5e rp a\r)0ei

TOV oAov orparcv/îaros 'ApKaSes Kai 'Aâiot. ovroi ovv

(\cyov ws 5eoi eAeVâi kavrS>v o-rpar^yous, /cai KO^' eav-

TOVS 7roiei(T0at r^j; -noptiav. raura e8oe' /cat ol'

55 *ai 'Axatot, aTro-Anro/'Tfs XetpiVoc/joy cat z

avv-tarria-av, Kal eiAorro rrrpar?;yous cavraii; 6e*ca. e/c

rovrou ro o-rparev/ia yiyverat rpi^Tj, 'ApxaSey /êy xat

l TiAetous ^ rtrpa/cts-)(iAioi, oTrAtrai Tra/^res' Xet-

6e 7}(rai/ oTiAirai /xei' rerpaKocrioi icai %(\ini,

60 TreAratrrai 8e inroMîtot' sZevotyuvri 5^ 7]<rai' oTrAtrai

VII. SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. 75

eTiTaKoVioi, TreAraarat 8e rptaKoVtof ovros Se

tTTTrtKov, d/ji(pt rerrapaKO^ra"

The Arcadians attack the natives, and are defeated fyr them.

Kat ol fj.V 'ApKaSes Trpwrot TrAe'owt, KOI ci7ro-/3ai-

voviriv cis KdAmjs XijueVa, Kara fxeVov T^S ey 'Acrta

0/)(iKrjs. ez/reuêf tTTopcvovro eis ray -rrpwras Kw/xas* 65

Kai eTrt-Treo-o'yres TCHS 0paî r?) vorepaia eAa/3oy TroAAvjv

ol 8e 0paKc? ol 8ia-(/>uyoVres r]9poiovTo' KCU

fxey eTri-Ttêyrat TW 2/xiKp?jros Aox^, ei>6s rwy

y arpaTriywv, Kat a.7ro-KretVoncrty avroy re roy

Kat rovs aAAous Trd^ras. aAAou 8e Aoxou, 70

of 'Hyr/(ray8pos e?Xei; >oKrw /xorovs Kar-eAtTrof ^cS^ras'

xat avros 'HyTjo-afSpos ecrco^jj. Kat ol /ney aAAot Ao)(ayot

rrvv-riXQov' ol 8e 0pa<ces o-w-eAeyovro r^? VVKTOS TroAAot.

Kat a/xa fjfJ-epq eYarroj>ro KVKAa) vrept roi' \6(j)ov, tvOa ol

"EAAjjês ecrrparoireSevoyro, KOI 7rpos-e'/3aAAov Trpos rows 75

TWZ; 'EAA?jz>a)i> ovrAtras, Kat ertrpaxTKOv iroAAovs' re'Aos 8e

ol 0paKes et/jyoi; avroi/s KOI d:ro rou vSaro?. ciret 8e

aTropta ?]y, 8t-eAe'yo^ro irept o-7roz;8oi>y. ITTCI 8e ol "EAAryres

IJTOVV 6p.r;povs, ol paKes OUK ci'5o(rav. ol fxey 8^

Xenophon marches to their relief.

Xetpto-o(pos 8, 7re{^ Tropeuojixevoj 8ta r^s

^dAarrar, d^-tKêtrai ets KdA77?js At/xeVa* sevofp&v 8e,

Aa/3wy irAota, a7ro-^3aiêi cut ra opta r^s paKr;? Kat

r?)s 'HpaKAewrtSo?. epreufley Tropevo/jifôs 8ta rfj? ju(ro-

yai'a? ey-ruyxdêt 7rpe'cr/3ea-t Tropeuo/xcVots TTOI' Kat ^pcora 85

avrovj, ci TTOV ataôtrro aAAov o-rparev/xaros 'EAA?ji'iKoiJ.


ol 8e eAeyoy on ol 'ApKa8es noXiopKolvTO eirl \6(pov} ol

8e 0pa*es Trarres t7pL-KKVK\<afj.evot. etev avTovs. tv-

ravOa e8oei> avTui floriOt.lv rots d^Spci'Tif eVe/xê 8e

90 Tt/jiCKnau'a cri/v TOIS brTrevVi (TK07reu> TO e/

^rj5ey Aaôi avrovs. 7ra/)-e7Tf/i^c 8e xai

as eis ra cifcpa, e/ce'Xeue 6e xatetr airavra, o<ra 6pS>tv

. ol 8e t-noiovv ravra' cocrTe Tiatra?/ xâ ^So/

t, xal ro orpdreujua eli/at

Aro tiding} of either army. All meet again at Cafpe.

95 "Afj.a 8e ry i)fJ.fpa (rvv-raâ^voi. ws ets l*-ayj]

OITO ?} eSvfayro Taîora. Ti/xacricoy 6e Kat ol lintels

irpo-(\avvovTfs a<J)-iKovTo em ror Xofyov, ZvOa ol "K\\rj-

V6S (TIoXiOpKOVVTO' KOt OVK OpSxTlV OVT <f)l\lOV OVTf

TroXe'/xtov orpdrcv/ia. ca4 TO fxey Trpwroy eâv/xa^by TI

100 eoj ro yryfvrmevov' euetra 5e titwOavovto ori ol /xey

paxes aTT-Tjeo-aj; TT/S eaTre'pas, ol 8e "EAArjyes a/xa T^'

OTTOI 8e oiotiro ou5ets /8ei. ol 8e d/u<)t Hero-

ravra

x-juttfai rot's aAAois eis KaATrrjs At/ê'ra. *cat

105 Tropeudpievoi tu>pu>v TOV trri(3ov rwy 'Ap/cdSwy /cat'

Kara r^y 68of. CTTCI 8e o-vv-Âôy, aap.fvo.1 re 8

dAA?jAovs cat ?)cr7rd^bi'To

rrfv f}fj.epav rjvAt'foirro CTTI TOV aiytaXou Trpos TO> At/ueVt

Description of the harbour of Calpe.

'O 5e KaATrrjs Ai^y KetTat ey /Lte'tra)

no BufavTiou* effTi 8e ef TT; âAaTTjj tipo-KtiiJ.tvov

TO fxev OVTOV eis TTJ^ 0aAaTTaz> KaO-ijKov TitVpa effTt

a.Ttopp<a' 6 8c avxyv TOV \<t>piov, 6 ets T^

VIJ. SINOPE TO CHRFSOPOLIS.

TTTapa>v it\tdpu>v eorl TO evpOS' TO b% evTos

TOV avêvos yjApiov fcrrlv IK.O.VOV /xvptots avOptamiis

oi/cT/rrat. XifJL^v be Ketrai virb avrfj Trj TrcVpa, e%wv JI 5

aiytaXcu' irpbs ecnrepav. Kpi]vr) be fjbeos vbaros pet fifl

avrrjv Ti]v 6a\aTrav viibrr) em/cpata'a TOV \(apiov.

^yAa 8e ecrrt TroXXa Kat caAa vavTTTjy^cnjixa cm avrfj

r?) OaXaTTr). TO 6e o)oos ct? /xeo-o'yaiay êr av-rJKei

CTTI et/coai oraStoi/s, cai rovro eort yewSes /cai aXiôi^' 120

Trapa be Oa.Ka.TTav irap-^Ket nKeov r]em eiKoai. oraSious,

KOI baav COTI TroXXoTs Kat jueyaXots ^vXots. ^ 8e aXX?;

X^pa KaX^ eort, >cai K&^.aC elviv cv avTrj TroXXat <cat

ei> oiKovpevai' fj yap yi] </>e'peiKOI KpiOas KOI iivpovs Kal

otTTrpta /cat }j.e\ivas KOI OTjo-ajua icat (rCxa KOI ap.7re\ovs 125

/cat ra aXXa Trdvra, TtX.r)V eXatwy. ^ /lev X^/30 tfv rotavrrj'

oi 8e "EXXiji'es t(TK.i}vovv ev T<5 atytaXw Trpos TT)

Resolution passed not to divide the army again. Want

of pro-visions. Sacrifices unfavourable.

'EvravOa efj.et.vav f]fj.epas bvo' TT/ 8e rptrjj êpa ot

(rrpartwrai TrdVres (rvv-rj\6ov, /cat eTrotrjcratTO boyâ, et

TIS vvTepov fj.vr)(rde[ri biâ noie'iv TO orparen/xa, (T?M I"130

U.VTOV davaTto. KOL Xetpt(ro(/)os /j,e/> ?/8rj ere-

/cef Necoy S 'AerwaTos irap-e'Xa^Se T7)y eneivov

Jjf. //era rawra ot orpar^yot edvovro eirl TT) Tropeia'

Ta 5e tepa ov/c eyiyvero KaXa. e/c TOIJTOU ol (TTpaTioiTat

T^XÔI'T'O' /cai yap ra CTrtTT/Seta eir-e\nrev avTots, xat 135

dyopa ov8e/xta iiap-rjv. <rvv-e\66i>Tu>v be avT&v 6 EeJ>o-

^)wy eTnei''K'il ar8pes, em pen Ty Ttopeiq, is opare,

TO lepa OTJTTO) ytyrcTat /caXa, opw 8e t5/xa? beoptvovs

T&V CTriTTjSeôf So/cei oSi; juot dmy/cTj eTvat 6vev6ai wept

7 8 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

140 TOVTOV." Kttl Ttd\lV t0VfTO CIS TptS, KO.I TO. IcpO. OVK fyiy-

vfTo KaXd, 6 5e "Etvofy&v OVK(/)jj e-ayayeu> ay TOWS

orpana/ras, ei fx?) yiyvoiro TO. icpa KaAa. nal -nd

r?} vvrepaiq (OuovTo, fcai o-xeSoy iratra?} orparta

AoCro Trept ra lepd' Kai 7rpo/3ara ftev oi/ceVt ?}y,

145 p-ef'oi 8e /3oOs (OuovTo' uAA' oi/5e oilrw ra upa<caAa.

Unsuccessful expedition cf Neon to procure provisions.

ro/s

e/3ouAfro \api(ff6ai aurots* Kai eipwy

IpaicAewTT;^, o? e^)jj Kw/xas eiiât fyyuj,

150 Aa/3oiei/ ra

levai tm ra

i. CTTCI Se Tjo-ar er rals xca/xais >cat St-ctnref-

ro a/i/ry, o

aurois, KOI aTro-Kreii'ovdiv ou fxetov /

155 Koatous' ol 8e Aoi-ôi av-ttfivyov CTTI TO opos. e/c

aTT-ayye'AAei rts raura TO) Heroâiyn* 6 5e /3oGi> <r</>a-

yiao-a/êro? (fioi'jOei, /cat o-i/v avTw 7riAc/cToi at'5pc$'

ol Se aira-Xafiovrcs TOUS ireêvyoTa? afp-iKvowrai ets

TO orpaToTreSov. KOI J/8/j /zej> a/x^)t ?;Aiou Sutr/xas 7/y*

160 Kat eâTriV/js Tajf Bi^t/i'wv Tires fTn-Ti6efjiCvoi TOIS Trpo-

0vAafi TOVS /xev /caT-exreiyay, Toi/s

TOV (TTpaTOTre'Sou. Kat ol'

EAArji-es 8pap.oy eis Ta oT

KOI 8ia>eii' p.ey TOUS iroAfpuous WKTOS OVK arrcâAes e8o'Kf t

eu>ar ^v 8e TOIS oirAoij Si-?;yayoi> TJ)

165 fxci'ot

VII. SINOPE TO CHRVSOPOLIS. 79

The Greeks fortify their position. An excursion determined upon.

Neon is left to guard the camp.

oe TI) r/jue'pa ol oTpctT^yoi i]yovvro eis TO

ioi>' ol 8e ftltovro dra-Aa/3oVres ra oVAa Kai ra

Trplv Se dpiorou u>pav eiWu, aTT-crd^pfvcrav

TI]V euroooy eis TO \(ap[ov, Kai aTr-fcrTavpwcrav airav,

Kara-AiTroVres rpcls TrvAas. Kat TrAoroy rJKfv e^ 'Ilpa- 170

tas uyoy aA^nra Kat le/oera KOI ou>oi>. 8ia-/3avre?

VTO TO. OTtXd, KOI K1]pvdV TOVS

avv rots oVAots, Toy 8t oxXoy *ai

TU ai'bpairoSa Kara-êvetf awoi. ot juty 8^ aAAoi

f-?'e<7az', Ne'coi' oe ov/c -$1' tooKet yap /cdA- 1/5

eti'at KaTa-Aixreu.' TOVTOV ())V\aKa rutv & Toi

e'Sa). Kai OVTOI /mev (fj.d'ov, ol 8e aAAoi eiro-

The Greeks hesitate about crossing a ravine. Xenophon exhorts

them to proceed.

8e 7/0/7 *<*> T&V Kco/xwy tXa^fiavov Ta

Kai laitt.VTj$ o/>aifrt TOUS iroAcjutous virep- 180

KaTa Aoc/)0i/j Ttj'a? eK TOV fvavriov, iT

Te iroAAovs Kai 7rebvs. CTrei 8e ol TroAe/xtot

TOUS "EAArji'as, taTrjtrav' ol 5e "EAArj/'es TT

(nel oe ol riyov^voi eyeVo^ro CTTI fdTrei /ueydAa) Kat

oiyffTro'pw, Iffrrfffav, ayvoovvTfs ei TO I'aTros bia-fiaTtov 185

(fy. Kai TTap-fyyvSxri roi/s (TTpaTTjyovs KOI Ao)(ayoi/s

Trap-teVat cZs TO irpoadev. Kai o Hcro^wy, 0a?j//d<ras

o rt icrxot T?)f -jropeiav, eAavêt ws Taxto-Ta, eTrei 8e ol

Aôr, eAefe ToidSe* "NiJy IO-TC, a>

OTI a/xaxci M^v ^K corrij; tvOevtie air-e\0fiv' 190


cay yap fj.r] fjfj.t'is u)p.ev eTrt TOVS TroXe/novs, OVTOL

Kal TO fjifv cur-teVai euro iroXe

eon, TO oe ty-tTttcrOai

Odppos Kal TOIS ncaKôcri. 6av[j.d^(a be ei ns vo/jtt

195 roDro TO raTros /laXAoy (frofifpov elvai. TU>V

Ta tepa

ou Set

n/rrcu OTTOV a

Preparations for the attack, the watchword.

Victorious charge.

aoo TatSra enrobe T/yetro, Trap-ayyei'Xas bia-(Baiveiv TO

fcnros rj e/caoros Tvy\avtv &v. CTTCI bf navres bi-

;, evropevorTO CTTI TOVS

7rap-?7yye'XXeTo 8e TO /uey bopara *X iv ^ l̂ T0^

205 ai/jiou, e'cos arifjiaivot TTJ (rdXTTtyyi' eVeiTa 8e Ka^'

avTa ei? 7rpo/3oX?)y eTreo-ât ^dSrjy,

e/c TOVTOU <rvV%ia irap-7J ZET^ SliTHP, 'HPAKAH2'HTEMflN. ol 8e 7roXe//tot ba-tfjievov TOVS "EXXr/ras

Trpos-ioi'Tas, 7rci 8e TrX7jo'iay)i', 01 irtXTacrTat aXa-

210 Xaai>Tes tOeov citl TOVS TroXfpttous* ol 8e TroXe/xioi

di/riot, Kat eTpeTTOVTO TOI/S TreXTacrTas. dXXa

17 $dXay Ttot oTrXtTwz; vTr-rjirtaîs Taxi*

*ai a/xa naQ-Uvav TO. bopara, evravOa ol TroXe'/xiot OVKC'T

'5 fbeavro avTovs, dXXa eêvyov. Kat Tip.ao-uov

TOVS liTTreas ((b-ffafTo* Kal aTt-fKTfivav T>V

vii. SINOPE TO crmrsoroLis. 81

Complete rout of the enemy. The Greeks raise a trophy.

Twy 8e voX.fjJ.LUiV TO p.(i> evd>vvp.ov evOvs bi-e(mdpr],

TO be b(iov avv-enrrr] em X6(j>ov. evel be ot "EXXiji'es

eloov O.VTOVS UTro-jzeyoi'Tas, eboKei paorov etvai. levai. ?/8rj 220

eV avTovs. Traiaimraj'Tes ovv evdvs eTT-eKeirro avrois'

ol o ov)( inr-f^fLvav. Kdl VTavda ot TreXTaarat fbiuxov

Kal 8i-e'<nreipay TO Se^toy avrajii' oAtyoi 8e ait-edavov'

ol yap iTnrets raiy TroAffuooi', TroXXot oyres, <f)6[Bov Tiap-

eTzet 8e ot "E\X?ji'es ctSoz; TO' TC âpya/Saôy 225

ITI o-uy-eTrrjKoy, Kat TOUS Bt0vz>oi)s iTrireas 7/8r;

(Tvv-a6poto[j.vovs em Xotyov Tiros, eSoxei avTots teVat

/cat em TOVTOWJ, a>? ^t^ TfâppTjKoVes ai>a-irav(TaivTO.

(Tvv-TaaiJ.voi bi) nopfvovTai.. h'TcvOev ot TroAe'fiiot ITT-

TTf ts (frevyovai Kara TOV Xo(/)ov, axnrfp Sico/cojuerot VTTO 230

tTTTrecoy VUT70? yap vTr-eSe'êTO OVTOI/?, o ot "EXXrjres

OWK ijbeaav. ol 8e e7r-ar-eX0oVres Kat o-Tr/o-ajuei'ot Tpo-

a77-?]e<rav eTTt âXuTTar ircpi ?yXiou

Oleander arrives from Byzantium. Dispute about the spoil.

Ol be "EXXijê? ci^raCâ e/ueyoy KXt'arSpoi' Toy ev Bv-

{aj'Ttw ap[JLO<TTi]V, Kat TOS rptr/pets Kat Ta TrXoIa. Kat ews 235

/mev TO ffTpcirevp-a KO.Ta-fj.evot ava.-iravoiJ.fvov, (-rjv TO?S

ffTpari(oTats teVat CTTI Xetav, feat ot i-t6vr& eXa/x/Sayof

aurryy' oTTOTe 8^ Tray TO CTTpaTew/xa e-i'ot, et Tt? x<wpts aTr-

eX0wi> Xa/3ot TI, tbo^cv flvat brnj.6o-tov. Kat cy TOVTW 6

KAeWSpos a^-tKi'erTat H^wv bvo Tptr/pet?, irXolov be ovbev. 240

TO be crTpdrevfJia eTvyyjavev e(t> ov, ore oxp-uceTO' KOI

uXXot Ttfes (pxovTo \topls eni \etav, oi elXrjtyevav TroXXa

npdfiaTa' <ô/3ov/xei'0t 8e f/j) crrepridelfv TOVTM, Xeyovvt

G


Aft7777<o 70) AczKcoi'i TO lipcr/fAdy Kal KcXcuovcnv ai>Tov

? 2ia-cra>(rai 01)70?^ ra -po'âra, *cai ra /xey eauroi Aa/3eu !

,

ru e rriaiv a7ro-5omu.

Sfrici/J disturbance in the army. Cleander threatens

extreme measures.

EvOvs 8e 6 Ae't-77os aTr-eAayrei roi/s

Kat At'yoj'ra? OTI raira flrj bi][j.6aia' KOI \eyei rut

KAfapx&), on ot urpariajrai 67:i-)(etpoi!(Tii; apTrd^cu'.

6 6e KfAeyft ayetv Trpo? eauroj/ TOV ap-dbi;ra. Kai

6 /utev Ae'^t--o? Xafitav ?/ye nra' 'Ayacrta? 6e d(/>-

atpftrai airor. ol 5e aAAoi orpanairai e/ri-)(etpoGai

TOV Ae'i7T770i.'' 77oAAot 8e xat Tody rptripiT^v

tyvyov eis TJJV flaAarraz.1' avros 5e 6 KAe-

*55 arSpos Htpcv/f, Kal ai>o--Xf.i>(TaQa(. ((pr/, KOI

Hi)b(fj.Lav Tro'Air Se'êcrâi airoi/s, w? OVTO.S T

(016e AaKcSaipioriot TO'TC T/PXO^ 7rdi'Ta>i>

(1'To.vda ol "EAAf/yes eSe'oiTo airrou/ÎT)

Trouly raCra.

6 6c OVK!(/)?; yfi'taOai ay dAAtoj, et /^T) tK-bolcv rov

*f>ap^dfjievov fiaXXdv rov AfTiTTTrof /cat Toy

TUI' urbpa.

Agastas offers, to surrender himself.

Kal (irrevOev ol a.p%oi-T(s crvv~t]yayov TO

>cai 'Aytwias dra-o-ray ciTrev"'Tfzeij n^v, S> avbpts,

IJLIItK-b&Tf /it' eya> 5c irapa-o-x'/<ra> ([J.avTov KAtdrS/uo,

265 ôi^<rai o TI av /SoyATjrai." fzera TaDra (ifopcuoitTo

Trpos KAar5por Ayacriay xat ol drpaT;yot Kal 6 dt^p

6 d</>-aipe0els VTTO 'Ayaaiou. /cat 6 'Ayacrias et

"'Eyw ft/oil, S KAf'ai>8pe, 6 d(/)-eAd/jieros TOU

TOUTOV Tor urbpa. TOVTOV pcv yap olba ai'bpa OVTQ,

VII. STNOPE TO CHRYSOPOL1S. 83

~ov 6e ot5a SeiAoV re orra K.a.1 ifovrjpoi'. 270

yap virb TTJS orparta? apîv Tif.vri]K.ovr6pov, ?/s

fiTrj(rdfJida napa TpaTre^bufTtajj', 6 Ae'^tTTTios a7r-e'5pa,

KOt TTpO-f'StoKe rOVS OTpaTltitTCLS. TOU70U oSy, TOCOVTOV

oyro?, a(^)-L\ofJLT]V rov avbpa. et 8e au a77-f/ycs avrov,

?/ uAXos TIS Twy ?rapa aoiS, OVK ay eTrotTjaa ovSey TOW- 275

roof. eaz> 8e i>Sv dô-Kreii'jjs ep.e, aTro-Kre/'ets ai'8pa

6t' ai'fia 8eiAoi re KOI

cause pleaded. Cleander reserves h'n decision.

rairra 6 KXe'ar5pos etTrci/'"

Eya> fxei> OVK

roi;, i 7re7rot/j/ce raura' oi< \itvroi. \pi)

CLVTOV 7;aa)((iv /3ta/', dAAa KpirfaOai. rvv ovv ctTT-ire 280

Kara-AtTToVres roV8e roy ai>bpa' orav fie eya> /ceAeyaco,

Trdp-eore Tipo? rr/y Kpiaiv. atrtw/xat 8e ovre n)i> <rrpa-

rtai' oiJre dAAor ot'5e'ra, e77 ovros o/xoAoyet avros d(|>-

rov df8pa." o 6e cup-aipeOds (IndV "'Eyw,

KAe'arSpe, ovre tTratoy ovbeva ovre 1/SaAAoi', aAA' 285

on ra Trpo'jSara eir; STjjudfria' 171; yap So'y/za rwy

iwrajy, edf TIS iSt'a ATji^Tjrai, OTTOTCLVr] <rrpana

e-ir], i]Aeta eo~rai 8rjp.ocrta. raCra elTro/ 1

' ex roy-

rou ouros \af3utv /xe vyey, ira Aa/3o>y ro eavrou /uep09

6ia-oxi>o'fie rols Aj/arais ra XP7//-107

"

01 âpa ro So'yjua. 290

Trpos rawra 6 KAeWSpos etTiei;'ft 'Ewet rotwv 7re7roir//caj

rawra, Kard-//et'e, u>a (cat Trept (r

Successful intervention of Xenophon,

Mera rairra 6 Hei'oôiy eA^coy wpos roy KXtavbpov

Ae'yei'" v

E)(eis M^'^ ^ KAe'arSpe, roi/s d^Spas, xal e-

ecrri aoi -Troi^rrai ir^pt TOVTMV o rt /3ouAet* in;j; 8e ol 295

G a


(TTpaTi&Tai aiTow'Tai ere Sovran (rtyim. ro> ai'bpf, nal

IJLIJ aito-KTfivfiv. KCU \m-i.ayyovvTa.i aoi avr\ TOVTUV, fav

POV\T] fjyelo-Oai avruu', iiu-beiêiv trot *at cos Kocr/uot

eurt Kat caj OeXoviTL TTfiOeaOai TO) apôvTi. aicomras

300 raDra o KAeayO/Jos ei7rei>*" 'AAXa KOI a7ro-5iSw)ui rw

ti^S/ie icui auTos Trap-eVo/xai v/nj>' xai, cay ol

/3ov\wrrai } fjyiic

Cleander departs. T/x army reach Cbrysopolis.

'Ex Tourou 6 KAe'ai'Spoj (Ovfro (irlrf} liopfiq, not

(|>iAoj tye'rero "EtvofyGnrri. (ntl Se ew/>a roi/s arpa-

305 rtciras eiruKroi;? UVTO.S, Kat fxaAAoi' (7^-edvfj.fi

jiy(fj.ii)v avT&v. eVet /xeWoi OvofJLtvtp awrw ra Upa

cyiyi'TO KaAa, auy-KoAecras TOV? orpanjyoi/s"

'E/xot /xer ra tepa ow ytyi/erat, (Sore f-ayfiz> v/

i^cis 2e /ZT) aOvp.e'iTC TOVTOV (VfKa, aAAa

310 jy/jiet?Se bfô^fOa v/jtas

>Bi/âi'Tia), wy av

/caAAiora. o 8 oSf KAe'a^Spos dir-^nAet' ol 8c arpa-

ncSrat f-fitopevovTO bia T>V ]$idvi'>v' Kat atp-iKOVTO ets

Kat

CHAPTER VIII.

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

/v Greeks cross to Byxantitontand are disappointed by

Anaxibius. Xenopbon confers with Cleander.

'Ex TOVTOV 4>apvaftaôs, <pof3ov[j.i'os /IT) ol

fTTt Tip (dVTov apx^1'*

fSetto'

Avaij3iov

VIII. CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. % 85

s

8ia-/3t/3a<rat TO oTpaYet>p;a CK TTJS 'Acrtas. /cat 6 'Avaft-

flios /êr-e7re'/,i\/raro rovs arpar?jyovs Kai Aoâ/ow?, KCU 5

VTr-KT^vetro avro??, ei bia-j3ui(v eis Bvâirioy, iMLvObv

(arecrOat. rols or/jartwrats. ex 8e TOVTOU Travres ot arpa-

rtwrai bta-j3au>ov<nv et? Buârrtoy. KOI 6 'Avai(Bios

OVK fbibov avrols fjitvObv, e/ceAfuae 8e TOVS orpariwras

ex T?/S Tro'Aecos, <us aTro-7re/x\â)i' atrovs otKa5c. 10

ot arpancorai ?/^ôz;ro, on OVK etôf apyvpiov

eo-ât ets T7/f Tropetay* 6 8e Zeuocpwv

y T<5 dp/xooTTj etTrey aircj) ort /xe'AAoi aTro-T

?/S?;' 6 8e KAe'ai'Spos Ae'yet airw' "Mr) 7rotr/(TJ/s

dAAa e^-eA0e /êi> ws (ru^-TTopeufroV-eôs rots 15

8e TO 0-TpaTfVfj.a yeV?jrai ea), TO'TC

aTr-aAAciTrov." evTaCâ 6 Het'o^wy Kai 6

y eAeyoy aiiT(3 Tairra.

ourco Trotety, cai e^-teVat

T(3 aTpa.TfviJ.aTi.

Discontent of the army. Tumult at the gates.

ot TC aTpaTTjyot Kal ot aAAot ef-Tje

Kat iratTe?, TrA^y oAtyooy, e^co ?)(raf 6 8e

s cruy-KaAtVas TOI/S orpaTr/yous Kat Tois

yous eAeye'" Ta /xev e7itTj;8eta Aa///3ayeTe ec

&pqKt(ov KCOJU.WI;' Aa/3oVres 8e Tropeyeaê ts \eppovr]- 25

ow, e\-et 8e Kui^tcrKos 8co<m vp;Ty pMrQov" aKovrravTts 8e

Tires T<Sy arpaTUtirStv 8t-ayyeAAou(ri TaTa TW orpaTeu-

/âri. Kat ot orpaTtairai dy-apTrao-atTes Ta OTrAa dtovai.

8po'juw Trpo? TOS TivAas, ws TraAtf ets-toWes ets T?/y TioAt^.

8e AaKeSat/jtortos Kat ot o~w avT(5 (ruy-xAet- 30

TOS TTvAas* ol 8e aTpaTtwrai Aeyovcrtv airot KOTU-

86|f


<r)(urai> ras TrwAas, ei JUT) ol TroXTrai eKoWes av-oiôvaiv.

uAAoi Se e0oi> CTTI flaAarray, at VTiep-j3aii'ov(Ti -napa

Ti]v yjiî}v TOV Tet'xovs cis rr)i> Tro'Aif. _ aAAoi 8e T<Sv

35 0rpaTta;rd>;', ot eryy>(ai'0f tvbov oyres, Sta-KOTTTO^res ra

K\tWpa rats a^tVat? dya-Trerai'i'vovm ras TivAas, ol 8<

eâ) orres ets-TuVroufrii' cts 77)2;

General panic. AnaxlbiUi sends for reinforcements.

'O 5e E(vo(f)<ai>, is et6e ra yiyz'o'/xtra, SeiVas fxrjTO

arparev/Lxa T/iciTrotTo e^1

ap7rayj/y, truy-cts-TriiTTet a~vv TW

40 o\A(o etrrco T<3i> TrvAwc. 01 8e Bu^drrtoi favyovviv CK

TT/S dyopa?, ol ^(v cts Ta TrAota, ol 8e ot/caSf oo-ot 8e

f Tiiyyjzvov oires cf ToTs otKOts ZOfov f^co. ol 8e xa^-tAKOi'

ras T/3t?ypets, ws (rcoôtiro cy Tats Tpn'ipetrC Trd^res 8e

loovro ri]u Tro'Aiy ?}A60Ke'i'at. 6 Se 'EreoVtKos a7

45 fts T^fy aKpav. 6 8e 'Ava^t)3tos /cara-8paju.a)i' eVi â

'

o yap e*> T

uTol etyat U-arol e/c-^SaAetf TOUS "EAArjvas.

Xcnophorfs device to restore order.

Ol 8e orpartwrat, cos ciooy zfvotyiavTa,

50 awTu) Kal Ae'youffi*" Ni;v aoi e-faTiv,

, e\cis aySpas Toa-ouTovs. I'Sr, i ^SoyAoto, 01;

TC af drj/aais âs, xat ?//xf is ay Trou/o-ai/uev ae ptyav."6 8e dTT-6fcptVaTo*

"'AA,Aa eu TC AeyeTe, jcai

55 TaC'Ta* ei 7Ti-0u/ierre TOUT&H', BiaQe. TO. owAa e

&)$ Ta)(i<TTa." TauTa 8e (tire, /SouAo'/xeyos K

auroi/s' Kai e/ce'Aevtrt TOVS Aoxayoi/s Trap-ayyeAAeiy

VIII. CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 87

rot? orpartcdTcus. ot 8e fvOvs erdrroyro' eVel Se ra oTrAa

e/cetro, 6 Eerofpaiy crvy-Ka\tl TTJV arpariav feat Ae'yet

rdSe' 60

His advice to the army.'Z,f/ ?/j not ruin our cause

by our own rashness?

"On fj.V opyi&aQe, Z> avbpes orparujrai, ov

eâ rovs

s, /cai 8t-ap7ra(ra)/>iei' ravTYjv rr/y

(L>-dv(j.tlfr9( a earai evrtvOev. TroAe/xtoi jixey f

rois re AaKeSat/ixoiHots xat rots avrCtv (ruju/xdôts' rots 65

8e AaKeSatjuo^tots ol 'Axatot VTi-apyjavai avfj.fj.a)ôi, 'A9rj-

vaioi 8e 7Tpos-yeye'i'7;i'rat fKetyots' ovroi 8e -naures eo-ov-

rai TToAe/xtot ?//juy. Ttfr(7a0e'pi'r;s 8e /cat aAAot /3ap/3apoi

vroAAot 7ioAep,tot 7)877 1(112; ^r^, aijros 8e 6 ]8a(7(Aei/s

- 7

avrov, e

|U7

V

/, Trpos êwi', ovrw /ixcuwo/xefla, /ix,7;8e

aTT-oAco/xeâ, TroAe'jutot ovres KOI TOLS TrarptVt

/cat rots f]fJ.eTepois 0TAots re xat ot/cetots. Travres yap

ot (^t'Aot etatf ey rats TroAeo-ty, at aTparevcrovTaL e0' 75

7/fxas* Kat 8uai'a>s ro?jro 7rot7/(70)j(Tiz;, et e^-aAaTrdôp.ei'

7ro'Aty 'EAAfj/'t'Sa, et? 77^ TT-pwrTjp ?/A0o|uey. ep:ot TOLVVV

8o/cet etTrety 'Ayai/3t, on Trap-eAiiAyâ/xey ets rT^y

Tro'Aiv 7rot7i(Toz'res oiiSey /3t'atoy, dAAa 7retpw//et'ot rvy-

)(difety rwy StKatcoy* eay 8e JUT) rTJ^cojixey, 877Awfrop,ey 80

avra) on OVK e-a7rarcop.eyot, dAAa 7re:0d/ievoi, e^-

$ SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

Order restored. Xcnuphon takes leave of the army.

Many soldiers desert.

TavTa e'8oe, /cat 7rejU770tmz> dyye'Aovs TOO 'Ayat/3to)

u Tovrojr. 6 5e aTT-e/cptVaro, on ov /êra-/meAr/croi

85 avrots TT(i6op.Voi^ dAA' on /cat airos /SovAeycrotro Tiept

o TI Syj-atTo ayaQov. K TOVTOV ot

KAe'a/'Spor, e/ce'Aevey avrbv OLa-TrpaârrOai, Joi

awroy TraAty tts-e'Aôt ets TT)I> Tro'Aty xat aTro-TrAeJo-eif;1

90 CK Buârriov. f\du>v 5e 6 KAe'arSpo? ?7re*" MdAa

jwdAts 8ta-7rpao'/êi'os I'/KCO. Ae'yet yap 'Ayaft'/^to?, on

ov/c . cTrtri/Oeto'i' eart rows //ey orpancoras TrAi/m'oi' etfat

^wrra 5e eubov ri/9 TroAecos* o/xws 8

t, et jut'AAft? e/c-TrAeiy o-i/y avrw." 6

95 p-fy Si/ "E(vo(j)0)i> dvr-i/et etaco rou retôus avv KAed/'Spw.

Nf'wt1 8e Kat dAAot orpurijyot ^n-i^vov CTTI ri) crrpana'

/cat ot (Trpari/yot St-et/^'po^ro dAAi/Aots TTfpt ri/s AOITTT/S

oD 8e \povov 8ta-Tpt^3op.eVou, TioAAot rwy

a7ro-8t5o'p;ej>oi rd owAa a7r-e7rAeoy ws (bv-

ot 8e bi-wneLpovTo /card ray TroAets.

raura 1 To^rioy yd/)

/idAiora

Arrival of Aristarchus. Xenofhon rejoins the army.

Avaifii<a 5e diro-TrXeovri CK Bvâinrôv crvv-avrq

ApCarap\oyt 8id8oxos KAedrSpw Biâyn'ou dpjuorrn/y.

105 KOI AvafcifilOf eTrt-ore'AAei rul 'Aptordpâ) a7ro-8o'(/ât

TcSf Kvpou orpantoTcoj/ oTroVovs ay evpj; e

6 8e, CTret r]A(?ef is Bu^dyrtoy, a7r-e'8oro OVK cAd

VIII. CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT, 89

rerpaKocricoz.' e/c TOVTOV 'Ayai/3tos, Trapa-TrAewcras eis

riaptoj.', KeAevet Eewxâura TrAeCfrai eni TO arparev/â

ws Ta^tcrra, Kat ffvv-a0poifiv TOVS Si-etTTrap/Aeyoiis r<Sy

ets ri]v 'Aaiav. Kal 6 pev Eez'0(/>&H> 8ta-7rAw(ras els

HtpivOov dc/>-tK/>etTat CTTI TO oTpdYevjua' ot 8e orpariw-

rat eoeâi'To O.VTOV ^8ecos, Kat ev^vs ctTroyro avTai

acrjuei'oi, cos 8ia-/3îTo'^fvot CK TJ;S 0paK?jy ets T?/f 115

'Acriaf.

Arlstarchus forbids the Greeks to cross into Asia.

Xenophon goes to Seuthes.

6 &pq, Tre/xxâs M>;8o<Ta8f;z; Trpos

avrov ayety Tj;y orpaTtav Trpos

Kat vTT-tTyi'ovufj'os TroAAa OVK

ei>

/s, t\9<i)i> e-Trt TO aTpftTeu/xa, etTie TOI^V

fx?j TifpaLovaOai ts T//y 'Acriay. o 8e Eôart *Avalj3ios fKe'Afucrey avTovs 5ta-7rAeii(rai. 6 8'

'AptWapxos eAeyevf<

'Az'a^t'iStos /^.e/; OVKCTI vavapxo's

errTt, eyw 8e eyTav^cz et/xi ap/jtoar?/?* et 8e Tira v/xw^ 125

A?/\//op.ai ef T?} 0aAaTT?;, KaTa-8vcrco avTo'y."

y (pxero '? r^ y woAty. 6 oi> Hei'or^

êots, eTTft Ta tepa eyeVeTo Ka\a, TTap-e'Aa/3e IIoAu-

TOV 'Adiivaiov \oâybv KOI aAAou?, *cat 4>X TO

TJ/S VVKTOS (Tfl TO 2evôu OTpaTeup-a. e?7et 8e ?/<ray 130

eyyv? avTou, Trpo-Tre/xTret eppjê'a, Kat KeAevet etT

ortHet-'or/xSj; Trap-earl /3ouAo'/izei>os

9O SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

Conference ivith Seutbes.

'O 8e Sfvtfrjj aKovrras eKe'Afurre "Efvo^Stfra ets-eA0eu',

'35 (\ovra 8vo dj>5paj, os /3ovAoi70. fTret 8e eis-TJAôi*,

np&Tov zevoip&v eTT-T/pero 2ev#rjz; o TI fiovXono \prjrr9at.

77} orparta. 6 8e flnev w8f "Mat(ra87js /xey 6 e/jios

7/pX 6 wwr re /cat aAAojf rwy yetroVwy. orao-ta-

8e rciiy^

/SarrtAei. eret 8e f

iji'cbr' aAAorptas

Kal LKfTfVov CLVTOV bovvai /lot OTTOCTOVS Syratro

'45 /cat /ji)1?'/

KVCDV (K TOVTOV 5lCO(Tt p.01 TOVS avftpd? KOU TOV?

\jfffrdf. Kal v\iv eyci) <3 rovrous fxwvi^ r

?tCo~

e/xaurov Tiarpuav \<apav. d Se v/xer? T>apa-

t /uot, oco/îat p'a5tcos ay a

150 dpx^- raCrd ôrii; a

Setithej states his terms, and makes liberal promises.

" Ti our," efpTj 6 Hf2'O(/)wi'," au a/> Sviâto, ei f\doifj.fif,

TT) 7e (TTpaTia Kal rols Aoxayoi? cai TOIS (T7pa7/-

yois;" 6 8' i/77-'rêro airots /utaôf, Kat

'55 l*tvov. are, e<^r; eroc/xSy,"

fi ia

Taura troi, dAAa TIS ^>o'/3as 77aTio AaKeSat/xoi'icor, apa

<ri/ 8e'ei ?/juas eis r^y aeaurov x^P ^ o*7"

01 /SovAw/jtcâ

Trapd (re;" 6 8' eiTre' ""Eorai raura* uat


av bvvb)^(.Qa uraadai. trot Se, 3> EeycKpou', Swcra) rr]v 160

Ovyarepa, Kal ct ri's aoi eort Ov/dr^p, (oznjtro/ât avTi]V

paKUd vo'juw, Kai 8co(Ta) <TCH Bio-di^y oueiv, OTrep KaA-

Ataro'r earty e/jtot roii' CTII 6a\a.TTr]

Xenophon'l

s address to the army.'Let us jirst get provisions,

and then settle what to do.'

'AKOWCHTS raura a,Tt-i]h.avvov' Kal eA0o'/.Tes CTTI ro

aTT-^yyetAay Trdrra rots rrrpartwraty. KOI 165

dra-aras cnre rdSe' ""Ai'Spes, 8ta-7rAetr /ley

'ô /3ouAo'/xeâ, ov 8i;yaro'f ecrrty, 'Apurrapôj

yap KcoAvet r;/u.as. 2ev'6fys 8e ^criv eS Troujo-ety vjuaj, edv

tr;re Trpos avrov. vvv ovv (TKtycxrOf, Tiortpov Z'0d8e

jueYorres /3ou/\eweo-0e, T) i-n-av-(.\06vr^s ets rd 7Ttr?/8ta. 170

e/xot jixej; ow Soxet e7r-ar-eA0et^ ets rd? /cco/xas, o^y

rd firm/Seta* exet 8e lxOI'rf? Td

oÔa 6 n av SOKT) KpaTKrrov etrat.

'(p?j,

" ravra 8o/cei, dra-retfdra) TT)I> ^tpa.

airaires."'Aw-iorres TOIVVV," l(/)?j,

"trv- 175

Kat eTretSaf 7rap-ayye'AA?j rts, luecrê roi

Seuthes repeats bis proposals and promises to the army,

Mrd rayra Hero^wy /uy ?/yerro, ol 8

i'\vrrj(jv avTois' Kal eiTre rotdSe*"'Eyw, S dz'Spes, 180

(TTpaTevfaOai avv ejuot, Kat VTr-to-^t'oC/xat

fjuadov' criTa Se Kat Trord, cocrTrep KOI*>{)*>,

\i'l\l/e(r6e K r^? \(apas. oTnxra 8' ay a\CcrKr]Tat avros

e'^co, tfa 8ta-rtêju,eyos raura'ttopifta vp,lv rov

92 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON

185 6 8e Heô^wf eTr-rjpero avrov' "Flocroi' be airo 0aAdrr?7s

aets TO orparei'/Ma ;" 6 8e aTT-e/cpiV

eTjra r/fzepwv, TroAAaxr) 8e meww." em TOVTOLS

Tracrt o-

Seutbei entertains the Greeks. Heraclides gives Xenophan

sage counsel.

Mtra ravra ol yêf aAAot faKijinjvav Kara ra^tts, arpa-

190 T?/yovs e cat Aoxayow 2ev^/;s e/caAea-ey ewt SeiTrôt1.

el 6e ?}(raf em Oupais, ws Trap-to^res eirt 8et77i>oi>, ^v

'IIpa/cAei8js Map<yiTr;s' ovros Trpos-eA^wy rw Sero-

eAeye*"

2)u /cat Tro'Aecos /xeyiarTj? et, xal irapa

TO o-oy 01'ofj.d errTi ptyurTov. aior ouy <roi C

195 /ze'yiara Ti/x^rrat Stvdqv, 8ovs avrw o TI ay exj?

atof. evrous 5e aot wv irap-au'<2 TOI^TO* ev yap

OTI OCTw af fj.dov 8cup^(T7/ Tovrw, TOO-OVTO) jueiô) ayaâ

Treiêi VTTO rowrou. aKoi;coy TauTa Hct'ocpwy 7)71 o'pei" oi

yap eixe^ ot>y, TrA?/^ ^ p.iKpov TI

T^f banquet begins. Thracian manners. A great eater.

200 'ETT/ye'x^/<Tay -nacriv' OVTOI 5'

ixav, KOI aproi /êyaAoi

Trpos TO?? Kpe'aat. Kat

TOIS cavTai Trapa-Ket/xeVou

5 e'xAa <caTa ii.LK.pov, K.OL cppiTiTe rot's 5ei7rroOo-i, KOI Ta /cpta

axravTcoy. Kat ol aAAot, Trap' ols ot Tpt7ro6es

. Apxa? 5e Tty, 'Apy(TTas ovojj.a t

Aa/3cay 81 ets T?/y

apTor oo-ov Tpt-xotVtKOf, Kat depevos Kpe'a 7it TO yoVara


-jrepi-e<pepoi> be Kepara otvov, KCU -navTzs eSe- 210

XOVTO' 6 bf 'Apvoray, eTrei 6 olvo\6o$ tt/jepe Trap' avrov

TO K^pas, Ibtov rov Eejw/xSi'ra ouKeYi 8ei7rz>owra elTre'

<f Aus eKeti'O) TOP oiôy eyw yap OUTT&) cr)/oXa^co." aK-

$i]s rr)i <l>(i>in}v ?)'p<ura roy OU'OXO'GV ri Aeyot.

otroô'os erTrey avr(j> o rt Aeyot* r/7rt'crraro yap eAA7j- 215

V. Ivravda p.(i> bi) ye'Aa>s eyeWro.

Xenophon extricates himselffrom a dilemma. The banquet

concluded.

K e TOVTOV ei9-eKOI Aa^3cby xe'pas ftecrroy oti'ou elTrf

"ITpo-Tru'a) rrot,

d) ê^ry, KOI 5to)p.i <roi roCroy TOI; "TJITOV, e<p' ou KOI

bi.u>Ku>v alprja-eis TOV 7ro/\e'p;io^, Kat a.itf>-\uif>G>v paStco?220

uiTo-(f)fv^(L. aAAo? TraiSa ct5-ayaya)y eSajpr/craro, KOI

aAAos i/xarta r?) yvvoMcl. 6 5e "Etvo^&v ?}7TOpeiro o rt

Troto? fKadtjTo yap, wj ri/mco/xei'os, ev r<57rA?/ffiatrar(j)

8u/>p<o StvOij' 6 8e oa'côos evravOa Tipos-i'ii'fyKfv ai/rw

ro Kt'pas. o 8e HefO(/)(3y &v-fOTH âppaAecos, 8ea/iei'o? 225

ro /ce'pas, KOI eiTrev'u'Eyw 6e (rot, a>

rov xat TOV? ep:oi;s rovrov? eraipous, (fuAov? etfat

Kai vw Trpos-airoCo-i' ere ovSef, dAAa eêAoucri xai -novtiv

vitfp aov Kai irpo-KtvbwftieiV KCU juera TOVTU>V rr\v fj.lv

TTarpway ^(apav airo-A?j\//ei, 7roAA7jy 5e aAArjv Krjjtrei* 230

TToAAous 8e ITTTTOVS, TroAAovs 8e ar8pa9 /cat yv/'aTKas KOTO-

KTTjo-et, ot avrot 7rap-e'(ro^rat </)e'poircs Trpo's ae 8wpa."

aâ-o-ras 6 2ev^>js avv-ZTti*. rw Heroc/jwirf Kat p.era

raCra ds-i)\0ov rtvcs aÂovvrts /cepaa-t re /cat <raA7nyt.

/cat avros 2ei;^?;s ai/-e'(cpaye' re TroAe/xtKor, KOI ef-?/Aaro23S

juaAa (\a(f)p>s. ds-fifaav b( KOI yeAwroTrotot.


Seutbes proposes to strike a sudden /j/o-iu. He goes to

reconnoitre the enemy.

'fls ce 7/Atos eSJerOj 6 2eu0>;s dm-oras et/re Trpos roi/s

Tajy 'EAA?}i>Ci>if aTpdTrjyovs' "*Ii di'Spes, ot 77oAe//

oi>/c taacrt TTCO T?)I' ?//xere'pai> avâîav' kav ovv

240 CTT' avroi/j 7rpa(

(fwXdâ'rOat, p-aAiora ay Aa/Sot/iei1 Kat

ar^pcoTTODS KOI xp?;/jtara." 01 6e arpaTr/yol avv-tTi-fivovv

raCra (cm 6/ce'Aeuoy OLVTOV iiyftnOai. 6 5e etTre'<(

FTapa-

KCU'

245 'Hi't/ca 5' 7yj> a/i^)t fifcray vvxras, Se^/j? -napT]v

iirireas <cat TreAraoras /cat oTrAtraj. KOI ol /aey j^

ot Se TreATaff-rat etTro^ro, ot 8' tTTTrers w7rt(Tôf/)i;Aa/coi;y.

fVet 8e ry/jte'pa T/V, 6 2ev^?;s exeAevae TOVS "EAArjyas Tr

Uti'dv /cat cu'a-Trawecr&H' ai;ros 5'

250 <TK(\l/ap.fro$ be T/KC TrdAtv /cat eAfyey1

f orat, ea^ êos Ot\y \i'](rofj.(v yap roi/s TroAe/itous eTrt-

7r<ToVTes. dAA' eya> /ii' ?/yj/o-op:at rots I-TJVHS' ii/xers 5e

tirfvde. inrep-fiavTes 5e ra op>; r/ô/jiey cts Kwp.as TroAAa?

re /cat eCSai'/

TZv enemy are taken by surprise. Seuthes burns their villages.

55 'Hvi'jca 8' 17^ a/i(/H ptaov ?}/xe'pas, 6 2ev^?j? /8r; T}V ciri

rot? a/cpots* <cat Kar-t8a)V ras Kw/^tas Tyxev cAayôav wpos

roi>5 oirAtVas icat H\tycv"

'A<p-7/aa) ?y8?j rovs /xcv tTTTrt'as

KaTa-êty ts TO irtbiov, roi/s 8e weAracrras CTTI Tas /cco/xas'

t'fXftj 8 ZitvO( <Ls Ta^tora. /xera raDra wêro, /cat ol

26o"EAA>ji'es fiirovTO. 7rct 8e T/crav ^v rats K<^MU9

X^v TpiaKovra iTTTreas, Trpos-cAdo-as etTre TW E" Ol fit avOpwiToi fyovTai tv rats /cco/xats, dAA' ov


dAuiKoyraf 01 ydp tTTTrei? ofyovrai StcoKorres, *at 8e-

botKa p.1) ol TroAe'/jitot ari-orrdyres KCU yfvofjifvoi aOpooi

fpydcrooyrat ;pids KCLKOV TL. et o5y rims ?;//coy Kara- 265

/ze'yety ey ra? Karats, /ue'orat yap etcriy dr^pcoTrcoy."" 'AAA' eya) /xef," e'(^j o Heyo^wy,

"Kara-A?]\//Ojixai ra

a/cpa' crw 8e Ke'Aeue KAedfopa Trapa-rea-ai r?)y 0dAayya6ia rou TreSt'ou Trapa rd? Kw/xas.

'

ro're /jiev 8?y T]\)\l(rQr](Tav

O.VTOV'rfi

5' vaTfpaia 6 SfvOtis, /cara-Kavaa? ras Kw/aas, 270

a77-?/a TrdAiy.

Encampment in the plain. Intense cold.

'EK roi;rov 2ei50)/? uTT-eTTf/axl/ej; 'llpaKXfibr]^ et? Ile-

piv&ov aTTo-ôcrOaL ri]i> Aetap, OTTCOS fj.i<T0o$ yeWtro rou

arpartwrats' aCros 6e xat ot "EAAfji'ts eirrparoTreSeuorro

e/.'rep ui'w^ 7re8to). ot 8e 0wot eK-AtTroVrcs ras KW/XOS 275

ecfcevyov ets ra op?;. ?)y Se ^tw^ TroAA?/ /cat

ror, (ware ro {!5wp, o tyfpovTO 7rt 6tirrov, 7

o otfos 6 eV TCHS dyyetots' Kat rcoy EAA?â)y TroAAaiy Kai

ptres Kat cora ctTr-eKaiWro. eoê 8e

avroC, ?â ot CTTI roS opovs /x?j r'KOI awros fxey eo-K?/ret ey raj TreStw' o 8e H

, errKrjyet y r?/ ^wrra) KCO/XTJ VTTO ro*

01 8e dAAot"

opetVots

y^ // attach from the Thracians.

Ets 8e r?/y eTr-towcray yyra ot yyot eAôVres fK roD 285

opovs tTTt-rt'tfeyrai ro?s "EAArjcri. CTTCI 5' eye'yorro Kara

ras 0ypas iKacrrov row otKrjjixaros, ot n\v ets-rjK-o'yrt^by, ot

8e fv-fTTLfjiTTpcKTav ras oiKtas' Kat KaAowres Hey

t eKe'Aeuoy aiirov ef-to'yra a7TO-^y?/(T/ceiy. Kat


290 re TTi/p ((j>a(vTO 8ta TOV op6(f)ov, KOL ol Ttfpl TOV Eei'o-

(fr&VTa i}vav ti'bov. fVTavda 5?/ SiAai'o? MaKtVrtos o">;/xat-

ret TT) (ra\Tnyyi' Kal eiiOvs TraWe? oi"EAA?7J>es eK-7T?jSa>o-ti>

(K T<J; olKiiiJ.aT(iii> crTrcio-aiTes Ta ^nj. ot 8e 0/ja/ce? eêu-

yov KOI 01 /uet> avraiy t\ij<f)6iicrav, ot 8e /cat aTi-tOuvov'

95 ot 8e "EAA?7i;9 eStcoxoy roiis Aoi7roi)s ^co r?/s KU>IJLJ]S. T>V

oe ui/w/; Ttres, V7ro-or/)a(/jeWes ev rw O-KO'TCI trpcocray

'EAA?jra>i; CLKOVTIOI.S' ovSetj oe avrutv a-n-e

?*(ce 0-1/2' Iwra iTTTrcCo-i KCU 6/3o?/êt Tot

ji;TO^ Qpatuov.

The Ihracmn tribes mbnut to Senthes. Generous conduct

df Xenophon,

300 "118); oe o 2ejy^/js et^f fat TpnrXaafav bvvaîv' iroAAot

yap T&V 'Qbpvcr&v, CLKOVOVTZS TO. TTfTrpay^va, crvv-eo-Tpa-

Tfvovro avrw. ot 8e urot, eVei etbov anb TOV opovs

TioAAovs nfi> oTrAtra? iroAAous 8e TreAraoras TroAAoy?

oe iTTTre'aj, Kara-^d^res i/ctYeuoy aiieicraadcu. o 5e

305 2ey0q?, KaAeVas TOV He;ô<pa)i'ra, eTT-eSeiKyyey & Ae'yoier,

Kai OVK e^/ o"jmo-ao-#at, et Hevo(/>a>v /3ovAoiro Ti/zcop?/-

aaaOai avTov?. 6 8e etTrev" 'AAA' eycoye voyiifa avrov-i

KCL\ vvv tyfiv tKavrjv biKqv, ei SouAoi (.(TOVTOU avrl e\fv-

deptov. o-v/Lt-/3ouAeyco oSf (toi \afj.f3ai>eiv o^njpous rows

310 Suârcordrovs cacoy TI Troiety, eay 8e TOUJ ye'pozras

ot/coi nfVftv." Trdires ouy ei> TO.VTT) rjj

T/?^ Greeks are not paid in full. Xenopbon unfairly treated.

Mera rai/ra 6 'HpaxAeiST/? irap-ijv etc Ylepivdov, excoy

T7/i> Tinyv rijs Aetaj, ^s aTT-e'Soro. Sev^jjs 8^ O7r-e8i8ou


TOV fjucrdov r<5 orparev/xan etKotrt juoVoy r)fj.(p>V 6 yap 315c

IIpaKAei7js i-Xeyfv on OVK ep>iroA?/(rete irXtlov T?}S Aa'as.

o oSv He/'Of/xSy a^ê<rêts cure'" AoKet? juot, oo Ilpa-

K\eu5?7, ou K>/ea0at Seôv a>? Se? t yap

av <ptp<av ir\ripr) TOV fjuaOdv KOL ftjot?) aAAcos fOw

TOVTOV, Kat a7r-e'8ou ay TO. creavrov tjixdTia.' 320

6 'Hpa/cAei'S^s eSeio-e /XT) e/c-/3A^êi?j e/c r%i'as* Kat ano raw?]? Tr^? r}/iepas 8i-e/3aAAe

Trpos 2ei/6?jy o n eSvi'aro. ol /iev 8?) orpa-

nwrat ey-eKaAour Hfyo^wirt, on OVK eiôf T ^ niadov'

SevOijs 8e ?/x#ero avr<5, on evroi'cov a7r-?/rei TOI> fuodbv 325

rots orpartwroisfj Kat ovKen (^tAtKws Si-eVetro airw, a>(r-

?rep TO

Sparta wants the army. Seuthes entertains the envoys.

'Ei> Tovrw ro) \povto a.(f)-iKvovvTai, Xapiuvds re 6

Kat OoAwtKO? Trapa t^Spcoyos, Kat Aeyoutrty on 01 AaKe-

oaijudVtoi /jieAXoDcrt crrpareveât CTTI Tt(ro~a(/)epy^y, KOI 330

on 6 Qifiptav SftTat ravrjjs r?js orpartas' Kat vTr-icr^-

VOVVTOLI picrOoi'. eTret 8e ot AaKeSatjuo'ytot TÂôi', evî/s

o 'HpaxXe&i)S Ayt TW SevtJrj'" Touro yeytVTjTai KaA-

A.IOTOV* ot juev yap AaKeoai/xoVtot SeWrat TOU orpare?;-

JUOTOS, <n oe OVKCTI 8e?j' eai> 8c d-Tro-StSws ro orpareujua 335

ai/ro??, ot o-rpancorat OTJK^TJ aTT-atrT/aovo-t (re roy fMicrdov,

a\\' aTT-aAAafoiTat eK TTJS ^wpas." aKowcras ravra 6

KeAevct ?7ap-ayeiv TOTJS dyye'Aovj, Kat eAcyez; on

trjro vTpaTf.vn.ci Toly AaKeSai/xoiuots, Kat *tvitv

CLVTOVS /xeyaAoTrpeirais. Hevoâjira 8e OVK CKaAei eTri 340

OTparrjya)i>

II


Xenopbon's character, as drawn by Seuthes and Htradides.

v 7:0105 ns

Eez'ocpajz^ 6 2,ev0i]$ dTT-expiYaro, on ra fj.ei> aAAa eaj

ov Kafco?, (iAooTpartam;s 5e" at ota TCUTO x eVoi; c"?

345 avru). ot 8e etTrof"

'AXA.'?) S^/xayo^yei 6 aj/?/p TOU?

aropas;" xal 6 'HpaxXetSj;?," Haw [jikv ovv," tyr].

" Apa ovi','

<pacrav," OVK (vai'TiwafTai i]\iv Tttpi TT}S

aTraycoy^s T?Js orpaTtas ;"" 'AAA' eai> v/êrs," !(/>?; o

'Hpa/cAet'Sr;?,"crvA-Ae'ârres

1

roi/s o-rpartcoraj vTro-a^rrdf

350 awro?? roy /iicrôr, CKorres aTro-Spa/ôCirat cri/i; {//xtr.

*cat avpiov aô/xey i/xa? Trpo? avrovs' KCU oTSa on, cTrctSai/

iScocrti; v/xay, acr/ifi-oi cruy-S/JCyxouiTat vp.lv." avrr] p.tv ?/

j//iepa

TZv Spartam make tbelr proposals to the army, and promise

pay. Xenopbon accused of unfair dealing.

Tif 6 vcTTepaiq 2ev^?/s re KOI 'MpcuAeiS^s ayouo-i

355 rows AftKtoras ~: TO o-rpdren/xa' ra>

ro?? AaKeoatpiovtois

Tf rov iyj&pov Koi A?j\//crê rov jui<r0dV." ol 8e arpa-

Tiairai aoyiefoi T/xoucraj; ravra* /cat ewûs dv-to-rarai rts

360 rwy 'Ap/cd8cui/, Kar-rjyopTja-wj; rot! Heroâirros, cai Xt'

c58e'"'H/ieis /xer, a> AaxeSaifioVtoi, cat TraAai

Trap' VIMV, (I pr) 'E.tvofy&v aTT-T/yayev ^/xas Seupo* oiv

rovro> 8e orpareno'/^croi KOI VVKTCL KOI fjêpav ovbev TTC-

7rav/i(0a' KOI TOJ> /ier 7/fie'repoy piadov auros exei > 7/M"s

365 6e aTro-orfpei." /zero rouroy uAAos dv-eoTj o/xota>s Kai

aAAos. 5c TOI/TOU "EevoQ&v (\*(v &OC


Xenophon's defence, i.' In all that I have done I have sought

your welfare, and tried to carry out your wishes.'

" 'AAAd -navra p.fv e/Maurw KaKa Set Trpos-SoKoV, e

ye vvv ifi VJJL&V curias ex<o Trept TOVTW, (V ots Trap

lJ.lv ye j)8/; wpjujj/êVos ota8e, aK<wcoi> v/xas eij/at ef OTTO- 370

pot?, at /3ouAo'/zei>os <i^)eA7/(rat v/uas, ei TI bvi'atpjv.

fj.Ta Se raOra 2ei;^?js eTreê Trpos e/xe TroAAows ayye'Aov?,

/cat VTT-tcrêtro' /lot TioAAa, ei TretVat/it v/xa? e\0e'iv TTpos

OLVTQV' dAAa Touro /ief OVK t-n-i\tipr}<ja TIOK'IV, ws en/rot

fTriaTaa-df, e^SovAo'^rjz; 5e cos ra^tora 8ta-/3tâaat 375

ets r?/y 'Acrtaf. raiJra yap Kat &t6p.i(pv /Se'Artora

KatjySeuj v/xaj jSovAo/ieVous. eirel Se 'Apt-

(tiv avv rpt?/pe<7ty e/cwAue^ ^/uas 8ta-7rAety, ec

roi;rou (Tvv-\ea v/xas, OTTWS ^SovAeno-at/aeâ o n Se'ot

7Toteu. fi'TavOa br] Trayres ev^rj^tcrao-ê ieVat ai/i^ 'S.fvOrj. 380

rt ouy eyw evravda ?}St/c;/ca, dyaywy ijuas ez (<?a eSo

ii.'Seitthes has cheated me, as we/I as you.' ill.

' Whatever goodwe have got by entering his service has been of my procuring.'

<(Flept 8e TOV [MicrOov, bv e/xe Ae'yere aTr-eorepjjKeVai

,a ot 385

aAAot orparrjyot e\a/3oi>, //rjSe orra e^tot TOW

tiv 8?/, ei iiro 7roAep,tov ye

Se oWi ato-^to'j; jixoi eu-at SoKet e-a7ra-

raf ^ e-a77aTaaât. 'Aya-p-MJa^r/Te Se rrpos rowrots ev

Trota cnropt'a ?jre, ore eya> df-rjyayof v/xay Trpos Sev^y. 39

II 2


*v o AaKfo'atfJoVios OVK aa vp.as

is T?/I> flepiudov, intai&pioi 8e ea> eorparoir

TO, 8e e7rir?/8eia ?}i> o-7rai>ia, cat

eti> ayo'pdTroSa T) 7rpo'/3ara' OL>

395 V"/3 ^\ojj.fv ovTf iTTTret? owre TreAraora?, ware Aa/Sea?

ravra. fTrei Se eyw i7pos-e'Aa/3oi> ii/xty 2ew^J/v aiiâ^pv,

eôyra KCU iTTTreas *cai TTfAraora?, raCra Tratra irpos-

eytyrero T)p.ry Kai yap ey rats Kw/iats evpitrKo/viey OTTOI*

u<l>Ooi'(t>Tpoi', KOL ovKtri ewpcSftef -noXeiJiiov oiibtva. 6

ôo yap 2ev0fjs Tiap-etê ravTriv TIJV atrâAeiaf i/xiv ovrw$

aiiOpoCfff Kat rw tt/.t?/

TTaj'i; TroAw 7rpos-e8i'8ou 17111'

fj.Lffdoi>} TL e5ei ax^frâi irepi roi/rou; T) rt 8ia rovro

(fj.e aurua aTro 6avf.lv ;

iv. */ ArtT'ir sacrificed all for you; is this your gratitude f*

" Kai ra /xv o/) v/xe'repa irpay/xard OTI roiaura'

405 aycre 8^ 8?;, KUI ra 6/j.a <r/ce'\|/a(r0 Trapa raura. eya>

yap, ore /xey Trporepoy wppiw^j/v oixaSe, erôf /i

Tipos vfj.u>i>, flôif 8e 8Y v/xas Kai VTTO rwy

>K\fiav. C7rioreuop;y 8e VTTO AaKfSatf

aXAco? yap OVK av pte ir(p.T>ov TidAtf Trpos i/xas. i-Sf 8e

410 d?:-epX Mai 8*"j8j8\i;/aA>os êi' irpos AaKe8aijuovioy5 v<^>'

u/ioii', a.tt-ri)(diintvoy y<) raDra TroAAa Tratrâ), roiai/nji' exere yv^'lv

6/ioD. tai; Se Troir^rjjre Trept e/ue a Ae'yere, Tore

uvbpa cnro-KTevelTf TioAAa /uey yap VTrep v/xa>i; xai

415 v/iiv eTro'fjjTa /cat exifSi/i'fuo'a, xat tcsTricsa^v avv

TioAAa /3ap/3cipwj; rpoTiaia* ^TT(ipaa-dp.r]v 8?j Troteij/

ayadov Tipos v/xa?, O(TOV eyci) 7}8uraf>i>jv. 1H5// yap

t-ectTi TtopfVfffOai OTTOI ar ftov\rjrrd KOI xara y7v

jv /cat

KOTO 0aAaTraV up' ov^ vvv 8rj Kaipos VfAiv SOKCI eu>at

VIII. CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. IO1

e/xe eos raîora; ov ^.i]v, ore ye lv TCHS 420

ey TOLOVTO eAe'yere* dAAa ai Trare'pa

fp.e e/caAeire, KOI vTr-icr^rero-ê act jizi;?/<recr0ai e/xou, cos

ou jueWoi otrcu eicrtv dyrw/Jioi'e?, 01 p{5y

v/xas* o^8e, cos eyw oio/ixai, rovrois So/cetre

rotouroi oir^s irept e/xe." 425

Spartans take Xenopbon's part. HeracliJes sboivs his

sagacity. Xenophon leaves Seuthes.

TO.VTO. eiTTcW f-rravaaro. Xapulvos 8e 6 AaK5at/xoVios

dra-oras eTTrey*" 'AAA' Ijixoi /txeWot ou 6tKata>s 8o/cerre

TW d^Spt TOWTW' eyco yap xat avros fj.apTV-

airou. r]^5>v yap epcriTcoiTcoy wept Hez'o^wy-

TOS, Trow? Tts dwyp etr/, Sev^rjs aTT-e^ptVaro ort ou KOKOS 43

fxey etrj, ayav 8e ^tAocrTpaTtcdTTjs/' dya-trras CTTI rovra)

'Aîâro? etTrej;*"

'Op<3, ai ai>5pe?, KOI

eVravfla Trap-oVra, os -7rap-e'Aa/5e ra XP7?"

,a i7/xets eKT](ra//eâ* KCU aTro-So'p.ei'os raura ovre

ovre r//x?f aTr-e'Scoxe T^y TI^V, dAAa ai/ros e/cAex/ê. 435

"ear oj> o-(ti(f)poi'u>fjiv, (Tv\-\i]\lf6iJ.eOa aiirov' ov yap 8j;

ovro'y ye paf ecrrtf, dAA'ff

EAA?ji; a>v "EAA^z/as a

'Axowas ravra, 6 'MpaKAeiSrjs irpos-eA^wf TW

Ae'yef"'H/uwtf, eay crax^poi'iS/êy, a7r-i/xev evrevOfv cos

rax10"

7"

-" Ka ' dâ-/3di;res 7rt rovs I'TTTTOUS (ZôvTo et? 440

TO eavrcoy o-TparoTreSoy. cai efreuêy 2ev0?js

ayyeAoy irpos Heô^wira, Kai KeAevei avroy

Trap' eavreo, exoira x1^ 1

'

0115 oTrAiras* Kat

avru d7ro-6o5o-eiy rci re yjupia ra ewt âAdrrr; KOI Ta

dAAa a VTr-eVxero. 6 8e "EtvofyGtv e^yero TCO Att 445

r<j> ^SaaiAet, -rrorepa afj.fi.vov efy /xeVeiv Trapa 2ei;%, ^


crvv TW orpaTev/xaTl' 6 8e eo^jbujfev avra)

Medosades complains of the Greeks. Xenophon refers'

him

to the Spartans. Their answer.

'Ex TOVTOV 2ev0?;s fj.(v etrpaTo-eSewaro Tro'ppco T<Si>

450'

E\\i]V(av' ol 8e e(TKi]i>r](Tav tv KW.UCUS o0ez> Xityoivro

TO. e7nr?7ta. at/rat 8e al K<S/xai 8e8o/zeVai Tjcrav M?/-

8ocrd87j VTTO Seyôu. o oS^ MrjSoaaSrjs epx erai 7J"pos

Eez>o$<3i>ra >cai Xe'yft*" 'AStKetre , S sevoffi&v, Tiop-

OovvTfs ras ^jUfTe'pas /cw/^tas* Trpo-Xe-yofj.fi> ovv v^lu

455 aTT-ieVat e T^S xwpas." 6 5e z,i>o<pu>v etntv " Ti

Trpos e/^te Ae'yets raCra ; ow yap eywye n ap\u>, dAAa

AaKeSat/JtoViot, ots v/;.ets 7iap-e8o)Kare ro oTpdref/xa, oi/re

f/xe Trapa-KaAeW/'Tf?, ovre Taif aAAwv trrparjjywi' ou-

SeVa." 6 8e M?;8oa-dS)j9 c/ce'Aeue Toy Hei'o^wvra xaXe'crat

460 Toy Xapfuvov KOL noXvviKov. 6 8e Trpos-eAâjy avrois

Aeycy, on M7j8ofrd8?js Trpo-eiTroi ro^s "EAArjo-iz; aTT-ieVai

TTJS )(wpa5. ol -5e AaKooyes cv(?u? TfAôv irpos M>;8o-

adSTjy ai lAeâv*' f

'H/xe?? roivvv air-ioinfv av, OTTOTC

ouroi e\oiev rov \j.wQ6v ei 8e /XT;, ftot]0i](ro[j.fv TOVTOIS

465 K

Xenophon goes to Seuthes, and obtains pay for the army,

*O 6^ M/jSofraSrjs ^KeAeuf Tre'joiTrety Het'o^wira Trapa

SeiJflqi' irepi TOU \ucrQov' cSeiro 8fx?/ KaUiv ray Kco/xa?.

Ivrivdtv -nfp.TTov(Ti "Effo^SiVTa Kcii aAAous cri/y avraJ. 6

8^ f\6(i>v Trapa TOI> 2uî/y eAcye re TroAAa ainwpieyoj,

47 KOI fSctTo avrou a7ro-8i8oVai TOJ orpareân roy fj.i(r06i>.

6 8e Scv^/js air-fKpivaTO'"'Eya> /uey oure bi-fvorjdrjv

liw'OTf aTTO-orfp^crai v/uas TOV fucrObi; diro-Swcrw re*


apyvpiov 8e OVK l^w, irAT)i> y fj-tupov -ri, KOI TOVTO <TOI

rdAai>roi>' /Sou? 8e laKOoioi>s Kat 7rpo/3ara T-

s-xi'Ata fcai drSpaTroSa etKocrt KOI eicaroV. TO.VTO. 475

Aa/3coi> a7r-t0t." rr) Se wrepcua a7r-eo'ci)Kei> CUTO?? ^ VTT-

e'aXeTo' 6 8e Heyo0wy, 7rei e!8e âp\uvov re KOI OoAv-

VLKOV,tlTaDra," CC^TJ,

<c(T^crworai St

1

v/xa? TT} orparia,

/cat eyw 77apa-8t8co/xi atra i//ry i5/xets 8e 8t({-8ore T^

frrpana." ot /êy oSy Trapa-Aa/SofTes kiKa\ovvtKOL 8t- 480

e8t'8oui> rots orrpartwrais' Hero^wy Se Trap-eo-Kevaêro ws

aTT-twy oua8e. 7rpos-eA0oVre9 8e avrw ot orpartwrat e8e-

oz/ro p.^ cm-eXOelv, Ttplv air-aydyoi TO orpciTei'/xa Kai

Trapa-Sotry ra> (

Xenophon sacrifices to Zeuj 'the Gracious.'

ev Si-eTrAeuaaf ets Aa/xxâKov Kat kvravQa Ev- 485

s, \j.avTivTi. OTL ecrefTcoaTO, xat ripcara avrbif

xpvcriov eôt. 6 8e ftTrev ZcreaOai /ixr]8e ffpobiov

IK.O.VOV cSare ait-Ltvai, et JM^ a7ro'-8oiro roy ITTTTOV Kat a

DTo'y. 6 8e Ei/xAetSTj? OVK falcrrfvev avrw* 490

ei 8e Aa/x\âKrjvoi eTreây ê'yia rw Hero^wi/Ti KOI

7(3 'ATToAA&m, EvKAet'Srjs i8wy ra iepeia enrer, on

?/8?7 Tietôiro airwjixrj excty \pr]fj.aTa.

" 'AAA' ot8a/'

e</)77,

" on Kat eay pte'AAjjs irore eêty, eorat n f^Tiobiov

crof KOI on eat' ijufiev dAAo ?) fîrobiov, av (raurw eo-fi 495

6^7ro'8tos. wy 8e 6 Zei/s 6 MetAt^tos ecrri CTOI e/i7ro'8ios."

KOI eTT-Tjpero avrbv ei ?/S?j ^ycrete TOVTW ra> êw. 6 8e

OVK f(pr] Tt6vKvai. rw Att T<5 MetAi)(ta) e^- orov aTT-

e57]p,?j(rei>. 6 oSv EvKAet'Srjs crvy-e/3ovAev(rey carco ^ve-

ffât. T^ 8e vorepai'a Gevo(pG>v e^vero, K06 TO Upa eyiyvero 500

xaAa. Kol rawrjj T


Ttve.s buxrovTfs xpj/p.ara TW (TTparev/xari' KOI 6 Hei'ot/xSv

etHii O.VTOVS. ol 8e air-tbocrav avru> TOV 'iimov, ov

aTT-e'Soro (V Aa/x\//aK(o, vop.ioVTCS avrov TreTrpaKeVat 6t'

55 tvbeiav' Kai OVK ijOt\ov avo-Xafitiv TIJV

The Greeks attack Asidates, but are stoutly resisted.

E,VTv8ev tTtofKiiovTo bia rij-i,KvovvTo cis

S Mvcriay.

6?j Efi'o<f)>v êvi&rai Ttapa rfj ToyyvXov

510 yvrai/ci. av'r/j 8e lAeyei' aurw* "'AfrtSarrjs ris eortr ef

ai'TJp Fle'/xTr;?' roCroy, ct eAOots T?Js

/cat yuraua Kai TratSas >cat Ta

6e avru) TroAAa." 6 ovv Ecôc/jai

Aa/3a>i; TOWS Aoxayovs TOVS /uaAtcrra (/nAous xat TTIOTOVS

5'5 eauTo), OTTCOS tv 7roi?/(T6iey aurouj. CTTCI 8e a<f)-iKOVTo Trepi

ue'craj vuKTas, ra /xey av8pa7ro5a Kal ^pjjjixara TO TrAaora

(twy a7ro-5parai, OTTO)? Aa/3oiey amov TOV 'A<Tiba.TT]V /cat

ra tKfivov. CTrel 8e OWK eSvyavro Aa/3eiv r^y rvpmv Kara

Kparo?, CTr-exeipTjaav 8t-opvTTii' ro TCI'Ô?. a/xa 5e TT)

520 J?MeV? &i-copwpuKTo' ol 8e evbovijcrOovTo. KOI fvOvs eTrarafe

TIS tvboOev o/3eAi(TK(j) 8ia/u.7repS TOI; wpov TOV eyyirraYco'

tTreira 8e ^ro'^fi/ov xal /3aAAoi>, a><TTe /i^ daâAes eZât

ert nap-iivai. clAAoi 8 K-fior]0ov<Ti TrapnroAAoi, Kai ITT-

oTrAirat cat TTeArao-rat ex TWV tt\T}criov

Reinforcements arrive. Asidates taken. The army banded

over to Thibron.

525 'Ej>rav$a 87) oi "EAArjres ^(TKOTroKz; TTWS

KOI Aa/3oire9 ocroi T/rrai' /3oes Kai irpo'/Sara Kat d

8^ Foyyy'Aoj cwpa TOVS


oXiyovs oVras, TOVS be eTri-Ket/êVow avrots iroXXovs, eg-

fp%erai KCU OVTOS, t\u>v rr)v eavrov bvi'afjuv' <rvv-e(3orid(i.

oe KOI UpoKXijs e'

AXurapvris. ot 8e Trepi Hei/ot/xSt'ra, 530

CTrei Tiavv ?/5fj ^me^blTO VTTO rwy To^tv/jiaTwv Kat afav-

lovStv, juo'Ats 8ta-/3aiWxn roy Kai/coy TroraôV TTO\\OI

8e avrwy tTp&B^nav. ovrco 8ta-(rw(b^rat, exoires avbpa-

7ro8a w? 8taKO(ria KCU 7rpo/3ara TioAAa. T^ 8e vorcpata

oHe/'0(/>(3y e^-dyet T^? VVKTOS TTCLV TO crrpdreu/xa' 6 8e 535

vAiêrai V Kw/xais Tio-ty ov Ttpocra)

ot ?7fpt Heô^w^ra ey-Tt>yx (";oi'(ni;

feat Xanffavovviv avrov KCU yvvaiKa KCU Tialbas Kal TOVS

ITTTTOVS Kal TtavTa ra xP>/Mara'

^Tretra TrdAtv aty-iKvovvrai

ets [7^/>yaju0ir. e^raCâ 01 Adxcoês xai ol Aoâyoi Kat 54

ot aAAot (TTparrj-yol KCU ol orpartwrai fbibovv rw Heô-

caipcra TT/S Aeta?, ITTTTOV? /cat êvyrj xat ra aAAa.

roJrw 01/3/ooM Trapa-yero'piet'os 7rap-e'Aa/3e ro orpa-'

xat a^/x-^tâs avro rw aAAa) 'EAA/ji^tK(S eiroAe'/xet

ov. 645

NOTES,

CHAPTER I.

THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

[N.B. In the first loo lines no augmented tenses are used. There is a note

on every augmented tense throughout thefirst chapter. After Chapter 7 there

are notes on such augmented tenses only as present any peculiar difficulty.]

Line i. yiYVOVTal > the present instead of the past t-ytvovro. Tenses

are of two kinds, past or dead, and present or living. History, telling

of the past, should only use past or dead tenses, but it often uses presentor living tenses, to make the story more lively; as if the historian

were looking on at the time the thing happened. Hence the present

tense, when thus used, is called the historical present.

iraiSes S\JQ, instead of naiSt 5vo, because no stress is laid on the fact

that there were only two of them. But further on in 1. 4, where there is

such a stress, we find afifyorfpca rui natSt. Cp. IV. 279 note.

1. 2. Though Artaxerxes was the elder son, he was born before his

father became king. Cyrus was born after Darius had succeeded to the

throne, and this, according to Persian customs, gave him at least someclaim. Darius I had chosen Xerxes to succeed him on the same ground.

Cyrus was not thus chosen by his father ; but he was the favourite of

Parysatis (1. 18), and the queen-mother was powerful in Persia.

1. 3. dcrOsvwv, pres. past nom. masc. sing, of dcrfocecu, contracted

from aaOtvtoav.

Oavetv, 2 aor. infin. of Ovrjcr/coi (stem 0av-).

1. 4. irap-tivat, pres. infin. of irap-fipt,' I am present."

1. 6. opx^s, 'province.' A satrap was a viceroy under the king of

Persia. The satrapy of Cyrus consisted of Lydia, Phrygia, and Cappa-docia; the Ionian towns, or Greek colonies, had been under Tissaphernes,but about this time all of them, except Miletus, revolted to Cyrus.

oOv,' Well then,' continuing the story. [Ovv is probably= bv, the neut.

part, of flfil,'this being so,' like our '

in fact.1

]

108 NOTES.

1. 7. dva-pami,'

goes up,' i. e. inland or up from the coast. [Hencethe expedition of Cyrus is called 'Ava-paats or the March inland. Theretreat of the 10,000 Greeks should properly be called K.a.Ta.-@a<ns, or

the March doiun to the sea] .

1. 9. dva-pds, 2 aor. part. nom. masc. sing, of dra-/3aiVw (stem Pa-).

paaiXeiois, 'palace,' sc. Sw/juiffi. Distinguish rd. Paai\<t&., neut. pi.

of @a<jt\fios, from 7) /3a<j(Aeia, 'queen,' and this again from i) fiaaiKtia,

'kingdom.'1. 10. TXvra, 3 sing. pres. ind. of rt\( vrnoi, contracted for r\(vra(i.

1. 12. 8ia-pdXXi, 'accuses.' Ba\\(iv is' to throw,' Sid, 'indifferent

directions;' hence Sia-0a\\fiv, 'to pull to pieces' a person's character,

i.e. 'slander* or 'accuse.' Thus in the New Test. 6 Aid/3oA.os is a

title of Satan, 'the Accuser,' who tempts us to sin, and then accuses us

before God.

1. 15. diro-KTtivai, 1 aor. infin. act. of a-no-K-rtivca.

f| jff|TTjp, 'his mother,' lit. 'the mother' (of him whom we are talking

about). The Greek article is used for the possessive pronoun (' my,''

thy,''

his,' etc.) when the sense makes the reference clear.

-<HTT)cra}i.VT), I aor. part. mid. nom. fem. sing, of (-aiT(cu.

1. 20. d4>-iKvoi)vT(u, 3 pi. pres. ind of d^-iwto/xat contracted from

Onp-lKvioVTO.1.

1. 21. KCU ovroi. Kai means (i) 'and,' joining two words or clauses

together, (2) 'also' or 'even,' laying a stress on some particular word.

Notliing makes greater nonsense of a Greek sentence than to confoundthese tiw) meanings of KOI. Think which makes sense here.

1. 22. pacnXet, 'the king.' Ba<7tA.vs without the article commonlymeans '

the great king' or ' the king of Persia,' being used like a propername. Sometimes fityas is added, as in 1. 182 of this chapter.

rots Pappdpois TOIS Trap' lavroi. i. e. the Asiatics who were in his

own service, as distinguished from the Persian envoys above mentioned,

who ' came from the king' (1. 20).

1. 23. i<rvv, 3 pi. pres subj. of tltf, I am.' The v is added to wert

because the next word begins with a vowel.

1. 24. TOV iroX(Atv, Lat. bellandi. The article TO is used to make a

declinable noun substantive of the so-called infinitive, so that it can be

declined like the Latin gerund. The usage makes it clear that the

infinitive really is, what it ought to be called, viz. a verb-noun.

1. 25. XApfl, 3 sing. 2 aor. subj. of Xaâvu (stem Xap>).

1. 26. XppovT|<7<$>. The name x(PP~VTlffos (or X /)ff"- |"?'os) 's fr m

\ipoot,'

land,' and rfco*,'

island,' and means ' a peninsula.' It was used

as a sort of proper name for the strip of land which forms part of Thrace,

and runs out along the north side of the Hellespont.1. 27. Yv6nvos, 2 aor. part, of 77'o>u (stem


1. 29. Xapuv, 2 aor. part, of \ap&avca (stem

crvX-Xe'as, i aor. part. nom. masc. sing, of ffv\-\fy(a.

1. 30. Tais iroXeo-i TU>V 'E\X-qva)v, the Greek colonies in Thrace on the

Propontis, such as Byzantium and Perinthus.

1. 35. The Pisidians were a race of mountaineers, inhabiting the high-

lands above Pamphylia, and were very troublesome to the satrapy of

Cyrus.1. 37. dva-paiveiv. Cp. 1. 7 n -

1. 39. Xaj36vras, 2 aor. part. ace. masc. pi. of Ka^nvai (stem

Xap-).

1. 40. imp-tvai els SapSeis. As -nap tifit 'I am come,' it can be

used with a preposition signifying motion lo a place. Sardis was the

capital of Lydia, and Lydia had been made a Persian satrapy by Cyrus

the Great, when he conquered its king Croesus, B.C. 546.

1. 41. oKOiicras, I aor. part. nom. masc. sing, of O.KOV<D.

4>opoiJ|ivcs, pres. part. mid. of tyopiaj, contracted from c/xj/Jfo/ucos.

1. 44. KOU. aurds. Think whether KOI here means ' and'

or ' also.'

Cp. 1. 21 n.

1. 49. ciri-icci|ivT], part. nom. fern. sing, of M'Kttfiat.

8ia-pds, 2 aor. part. nom. masc. sing, of Sta-ftaivca (stem Pa-).

1. 50. KoXooxrds. Colossae was formerly one of the most populoustowns of Phrygia. Its inhabitants were the Colossians, to whom St.

Paul addressed his epistle. .

1. 54. pao-iXeia. Cp. 1. 9 n. Besides this palace of Cyrus at

Cclaenae there was another belonging to the King of Persia, said to have

been built by Xerxes, during his retreat from Greece after the battle of

Sal amis.

1. 56. Yv (AV(iorai i aor. infin. act. of yvfivafa.

1. 61. y'YVOVT I't.'

there become,' i. e.'

there turn out' or ' are found

to be.'

1.64. KauoTpov ireStov, 'the Plain of Cayster' or '

Caystrum.' It

has nothing to do with the river Cayster, which is a long way to the

south-west of this place. See Vocabulary.1. 65. o<j>-tKViTai, 3 sing. pres. ind. of d<p-iKVfoiMt, contracted from

a^-lKVttTCU.

1. 67. SSITCU, 3 sing. pres. ind. of Stofuu, contracted from Stfrcu.

1. 68. tm-Silgat., i aor. infin. act. of tirj-Se/Ki/v/M.

1. 70. TaxO^vai, I aor. infin. pass, of T&TTIU.

cuddaa-i, 3 pi. of ficaOa. (See in Vocabulary.)1. 71. iri TtTTdpwv,

' four deep,' lit. 'on a base of four.' So tm (Mas,' in single file.'

1. 75. Terayiitvot, perf. part. pass. nom. pi. masc. of TO.TTCJ.

1. 78. K-KKaXvp.|Avas, perf. part. pass. ace. pi. fern, of tK-Ka\virT<u.

no NOTES.

It means 'unpacked' from the cases in which the dffiriSts, or large

shields, were always carried on the march.

1. 79. o-TT|oras, i aor. part. act. nom. sing. masc. ofiffTypi (stem OTO-)'

having placed,' or '

placing.' Cp. 1. 205 n.

1. 82. irpo-fjaXecHJat TO. oirXa,'

to advance their arms.' i. e. hold their

shields in front of them, at the same time couching their lances, in

readiness for a charge. Tlpo-fiaXtaQcu is the 2 aor. infin. mid. of

irpo-(3d\\aj (stem |3a\-).

TT-itvai, pres. infin. of eir-fj/ii,'I advance."

1. 85. K TOVJ-OV, sc. XP"VOV < I' 1 -' from this time,' i.e.

'

after this," Lat.

hide. So i ov,' from which (time),'

'

since,' Lat. ex quo ; tvg>,

'

duringwhich (time),'

'

while.'

irpo-iovTts, pres. part. nom. masc. pi. of irp6-tt/.u,'

I go forward.'

I. 88. ol (K TTJS oYopds <j>vYovcn, is short for 01 iv T?I dyopd (fxvyovcriv t

aurfjs,' those who were in the market flee out of it? We cannot translate

'

they flee from the market,' because the article o* makes ol-itt-rrjs-dyopds

all one word. Cp. 1. 109 n.

KaTa-XiirovTts, 2 aor. part. nom. masc. pi. of nara-\( i-ata (stem Xlir-).

II. 90, 91. ISovcra, ISiiv, part. nom. sing. fern, and masc. of tlSov,

the 2 aor. with pres. vpaoj.

1. 92. <j>opfj<rai, i aor. infin. act. of </>o/3'<w.

1. 95. U'vcu, pres infin. of (l/.u,'I go.'

1. 96. paaiXta. Cp. 1. 21 n. %1. 100. opuivTts, pres. part. nom. pi. masc. of opduu, contracted

from updovTu.1. lor. <rico7rujcriv, 3 pi. pres. ind. of atcoirdco contracted from auuirdovaiv,

For the added v cp. 1. 23 n.

1. 103. TTop-ovo-t, dat. pi. masc. of irap-wv, pres. part, of ndp-api

(sum).

t-Yt'v-ero, 2nd aor. of yiyvonat, (stem Y V -)-

1. 104. -TijiT)-r, ist aor. of Tiâ-ta, future rifjaj aca.

-8<o-K, ist aor. of SlSca-fjii (stem So-), future Sw-ff<u, but ist aor. t-Sa-Ka.

[So rl-Orj-fju, ist aor. i-Orj-iea, "i-rj-fju, 1st aor. %-na].

1. 105. i-Bairiv-wv, imperf. of Sairavd-u, contracted from f-8airdva-ov.

1. 106. t-iroX^(XT)-<ra, 1st aor. of iro\f/j.(-<u, future iro\(fj.-f)-aw.

1. 107. Bp^Kas, i. e. the Thracians upon the Hellespont and the

Propontis. Cp. 1. 30.

b>4><X-ow, imperf. of &<p(\i-(u, contracted from uxf>(\(-ov.

1. 108. -KoX-i, imperf. of Ka\(-ca, contracted from -/ca\e-t.

-iropv6-nrjv, imperf. of iroptvo-pai, the middle of noptv-ca.

1. 109. w<^Xoti)v, pres. opt. of <></>A.'ft>, cp. III. 133 n.

Twv-irpos-cp.i-cucpYriwv. All that comes between the article and

its noun (as irput-inl here comes between rSiv and tvtpftaiSiv) is

7. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. Ill

equivalent to an epithet of the noun (cp. 1. 88 n.). There may be onlyone word between, as u TOT* TroAeûos, 'the war at that time,' lit. 'the

then war" (cp. IV. 124 n.); or there may be two or more words, as here.

A Greek could say o-Tuv-'AOrjvaiajv-irpus-Tovs-fi.a/ctSatnoviovs-fi'-IIfôTTOv-

vr)ffw-Tr6\((ios,' the war of the Athenians with the Lacedaemonians in

the Peloponnesus,' where all that conies between o and iro\/xos serves

as a description of the war.

1. ill. irpo-Sovn, dat. sing. masc. of irpoSoiis, 2nd aor. part. act.

of irpo-8ici>m (stem So-).

1. 115. fireuOcu fjAol, 'follow me (as your leader),' but <i|/op,ai avv

tija.iv,' follow on an equality with you.'

1. 117. &v civai,' that I am likely to be.' The direct I'ITJV &/, 'I should

be,' is expressed after olofMi by the infinitive av fivai.

1. 118. uxêX-qcrai, ist aor. infin. act. of d>./>6A'.

1. 119. dXfac70ai., ist aor. infin. mid. of a\tta.

icrre lovra. A participle is used after verbs of knowing or perceiving,

to express a fact ; thus otto, avrw WTO. means,'I know that he is,'

but olSa tivai would mean,'I know how to be." [If the participle

refers to the subject of the verb, it is put in the nom., as olda ui>,' I

know that / am.']

1. 1 20. ciir-ev, 2nd aor. from stem !-. The present is supplied by

<prj(*t. There is a letter lost before fir- which *=fir-, hence the aug-ment does not turn this into r/ir-, but into iftw- = tlir-. So tnofjuu, 'to

follow,' imperf. t'nrofj.i]v.

1. 121. Tr-TJvtrav, 1st aor. of tir-aive-ca, future -taai. The augmented

11stands for + ai, the e combining with a to make

TJ,and the i being

written underneath or '

subscript.'

For Xenias and Pasion cp. 1. 165 and following lines.

1. 122. t-o-Tpa.TOTrt8ev-aa.vTO, ist aor. mid. of arpaTontSfii-u.

1. 124. fiT-e-irnTr-To, imperf. mid. of /j.(ra-n(fiTf-ca.

1. 125. Tj0\-ev, imperf. of iOf\-<u. The augmented rjis here + e.

l-Xey*, imperf. of \fy-ea.

1. 126. -K\eu-, imperf. of K(\ev-<o.

1. 127. oviK-rÔeXcv, to be taken as one word = 'refused.'

1. 128. Distinguish nerd raOra, 'after these things,' from fura TOVTU>V,'

with these.'

ervv-a-yciYtov, 2nd aor. part. act. of aw-aya).

e-X|-, ist aor. of \ey-ca, future \t-ca.

1. 133. t-v|vcr-}jiai ( perf. pass., with an active meaning, of ^tuS-w,future mid. if/fv-ao/tat, perf. pass, (-(f/fvff-ât (

=e-^<u5-â<).

1. 134. m-0TJ p.oi SiKTjv, 'may punish me,' lit. 'place a penalty on me.'

Lat. imponere poenas. @rj, is the subj. of stem Qt-, reduplicated into

present

112 NOTES.

1. 135. ^8iKTJ-o-0ai, perf. pass, infin. of d-Sine-u, future -rfffoa, perf.

fj-8iKT]-Ka, perf. pass. %-8tm)-fuu. Here the augmented tj= t + a. This

is formed from the adjective a5<os; verbs formed from compound

nouns generally end in -a>.

1. 141. cure . . . ouSevos. Two or more negatives in Greek do not make

an affirmative, as in modern English, but a stronger negative. Cp. II. 59 n.

Compare the early or more natural English, which is now vulgar, e.g.

'I don't know nothing;' so this does not mean 'not none' but 'not

nny.'

1. 147. (jura raOra. Cp. 1. 128 n.

1. 148. TIPWT-WV, imperf. of ipcarn-co, contracted from fipura-of. The

augmented T)here = + e.

1. 149. air-icpivaTO, ist aor. mid. of diro-npiv<v, future diro-KpTv-w, 1st

aor. air t-tcpTv-a.

1. 151. Tt[xu;pT)o-op.0a,' we will punish.' Distinguish the active with

the dative n^wplaj aoi, 'I take vengeance for you," i.e. 'defend you,'

from the middle with the accusative rifuapfonai at, 'I avenge myself

upon you,' i. e. 'punish you.' Cp. d^tvvaaOat, III. 55 n.

1. 153. irp.<|>0vTs, ist aor. pass. part. nom. pi. of trffiiru.

1. 154. viiT-ioirrcu-ov, imperf. of vir-oirrfv-a}, (<o= + o).

1. 155. t-8oK-i, imperf. of Sotet-oj, contracted from -8o*-.

1. 156. iirv. Cp 1. laon.

1. 158. i<r\6LTi\v,'

last,' i. e. 'furthermost.' Lat. extremus. Issi was

close to the boundary between Cilicia and Syria.

1. 159. uap-tjaav, 3rd pi. of trap fjv, imperf. of vap-fiî. Lat. ad-sum.

\. 161. wpp.-ow, imperf. of oput-ca, contracted from wppf-ov. Dis-

tinguish upnt-<o,'

I anchor,' from dpftd-u,'I start,' of which the imperf.

is wppa-ov contracted wpp-cav.

\. 162. TJKOV-O-*, ist aor. of UKOV-M, future azov-aw, (rj= + a).

1. 163. air-TiXaw*, imj~>erf. of dir-f\avv-<u, (tj= + ).

1. 164. iX-, imperf. of X'W' F r tne augmented form, cp. il*ov,

\. 1 20 n.

i \ty TO, imperf. pass, of \(y-tu. See 1. 125 n.

I. 168. air-t'irXv-<rav, 1st aor. of dwo-irkt-ca, future drro-ir\fv-aofMi.

Here again the v is the letter lost in the present, for v\t-<u= jrA^-w,i.e. 'plevo' or '

ple/-o.'

1. 169. ^X-OVTO, and aor. of oix-o/xeu, (tp= + oi). Distinguish

y^^rjv 2nd aor. of oi\op.ai,'I am gone,' from O?K ow imperf. of oitciw,

I dwell.*

1. 172. airo-85pdiea<riv, perf. of &vo-Si-Spa-aie<u,' run away* (stem 8pa-).

airo-ir<|>VYa<rlv> 2n<^ perf. of d.iro-<ptvy-<u. 'A.iro-8i5pdaKiv means 'to

get away,' so as not to be found, dvo-tytvyav, 'to get away,' so as not to

be caught. You cannot get hold of either, but you may know where


the one man is, and you don't know where the other is. Hence the one

is used specially of enemies who escape to their own country, the other

of slaves who keep in hiding. .

1. 175. of dv, 'whoever.' *Av added to the relative makes the sense

general and indefinite, so that 6s av= lav ns or OOTIS. As av cannot gowith the subjunctive, it must be considered to belong to the pronoun, not

to the verb. *\v adds the force 'in any case,' expressed by 'ever'

in'

whoever,' etc.

1. 176. tiSores, nom. pi. of tiSws, part, of oi5a.

1. 179. crw-e-iropv-ovro, imperf. of avfi-iropev-o/jtat. The v of avv,

which was changed to \L before the it of the present, to make it easier

to pronounce, is replaced before the augment .

K TOUTOU,'

after this,' lit.' out of this." 'En properly denotes the

result or consequence which proceeds out of or follows an action.

1. I So. fierd. rara. Cp. 1. 128 n.

1. 182. fcroiTO, jrd sing. fut. opt. of tl/ii (sum).

1. 183. Here firyav is added to &acn\ea. Cp. 1. 22 n.

'-KtXtu-o-, I aor. act. of Kt\fv-at.

1. 185. t-xaXtiraiv-ov, imperf. of x *-*vaiv-w.

oviK-fjdeXov,'

refused,' as in 1. 127.

1. 187. VITT-CO-X-6TO, 2nd aor. of inr-iax~v^~flal - 'I^X"40 is another form

of tx~w (originally at\-ta, whence t-ax-ov, axfi-aca, etc.). The syllable

-ve- is added to the present, making -iffx-ff-ofiat, which is only used in

compounds, as \iit-ia\-vt-oiMi. [Presents with v, av, ve, are called

nasalized presents, because the present is distinguished from the stem

by having v added to it, i. e. "being more or less pronounced throughthe nose],

1. 189. -imo-0t]-<rav, 1st aor. pass, from -jrdd-o), future ird-acu (for

ndO-aui), ist aor. pass, l-vtiff-tojv (for l-weiO-0i)v).

1. 195. f-8iu)K-ov, imperf. of Siwtc-ca.

1. 196. trpo-8pa[i6vTs, part. mase. pi. of Trpo-tSpanov, and aor. with

pres. Ttpo-T(>i\<a.

I-crra-o-av, pluperf. of 'i-arrj-m, shortened form from the stem crra-.

Distinguish taraaav from t(m\aav, which may be the ist or 2nd aor.,

according as the meaning is transitive or intransitive. Cp. 1. 204 n.

-Tpex-ov, imperf. of Tpix" *-

1. 198. t'-iroi-ovv, imperf. of irot(-<o, contracted from i-iroie-ov, 'theyused to do,' or ' would do.'

ravrrov, neut. of o aiiros (compressed into avrbs), 'the same.' Thoughthe. neut. of avros is avru, ravrijv is a far commoner form than ravro.

1. 201. Xap-v, 2nd aor. of Aa-/x-y3-dj/-<u, of which the stem is XdfJ-,

but the letter u. and the syllable -av- are inserted in the present,which is thus doubly 'nasalized.' Cp. 1. 187 n.

1

114 NOTES.

1. 202. i-t$tvy-ov, impcrf. of t/f-^tiry-cu, the I* passing into < before

the augment, because it is easier to pronounce.1. 203. cupofu'vais, 'raised,' pass. part. pres. from a"p-ca, agreeing with

xTfpvfyv. Distinguish aip-u, 'I lift up,' future ap-Sj, ist aor. fipa, perf.

%p-K(t, from cup-G>,' I take,' future alpr)-aa). perf. ^prf-Ka.

1. 205. dv-io-TaCi], 'put up' or 'start' them. In 'arrjfn the pres.,

imperf., fut. and ist aor. are transitive tenses, meaning to 'place' or

'make to stand ;' the rest are intransitive, meaning to '

stand.'

1. 208. aTr-io\-TO, 2nd aor. mid. of u\-\vfu (stern 6X-).

I. 209. 7r-'-Xnr-v, 2nd aor. of iiii-\ftw-<u (stem XITT-).

avro TO <rTpaTvp.a, 'the army itself? Lat. ipse exercitus. To avro

aTpdrfvpa would mean ' the same army,' Lat. idem exercitus.

t-Suva-vro, imperf. of Swa-fMi (stem 8wa-).1. 211. TJXaw-. Cp. 1. 163 n.

1. 213. tea! STJ iroTt, 'on one occasion indeed.' The 5^ emphasises this

as a remarkable instance of Cyrus' hurry to get on.

1. 214. tm-crrds, 2 aor. part. act. of (tp-iaTrj/ju.

1. 215. -KXv-cr: cp. 1. 183 n.

1. 216. c-8oK-oviv, imperf. of 8oiet-a>, contracted from l-fi&Kt-ov.

1. 218. 1801, 3 sing. opt. of dSov, 2 aor. with pres. 6pda>.

(Jifpos TV,' a specimen.' Lit.

' a portion'

of anything chosen as a

sample.1. 219. Tf,s vra|ias. Observe the force of the article, 'their usual

good order."

1. 220. !-o"7TtviS-ov, imperf. of anfv5-ca.

8pap.6vrcs. Cp. 1. 196 n.

-TVX-OV, 2nd aor. of Tv-y-x-av-< (stem TUX-)- In the pres. the letter Y(for v before x) and the syllable -ov are inserted ;

in fact the present is

doubly nasalized. Cp. 1. 187 n.

1. 221. <rrr)KOTs. nom. pi. of the perf. part. act. of tarrjfii.

ix-ov. Cp. 1. 164 n.

1. 224. t--KO|ju-o-av, ist aor. act. of K-/K>/'-CJ, fut. iic-KOfu-ooj (contr.

Kofuw). The in becomes If before the vowel .

1. 225. -<|>afv-TO, imperf. mid. of <paiv-o).

1. 226. [Kaf-To, imperf. mid. of dit&-fa. E< sometimes takes the

augmented form 17 (as Tâf-ov), but generally does not change.1. 227. J-KO.V-OV, imperf. of Kai-u.

1. 229. iir-v. Cp. 1. I2on.

1. 230. KuXvacicv, 3rd sing, ist aor. opt. of K<V\VCU.

1. 231. TOW xaiciv, 'from burning.' For the article with the infin.

cp. 1. 24 n.

-8oK-fi. Cp. 1. 155 n.

1. 2J2. -K&V-<TV. Cp. 1. 183 D.

7. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. 1 1.5

1. 234. T](H, 3rd sing. fut. opt. of ij/foa.

1. 23^). w-tro, imperf. of oi-onai. (<p= + oi.)

1. 241. 0'<r0ai TO. oirXa, lit. 'place tlieir arms' (on the ground) i.e.

'to stand under arms.' Whenever Greek soldiers halted, they rested

their heavy shields and spears on the ground ; hence OeaOat oirXa means

not only'

to lay down arms for the night,' but often simply' to ground

arms,'' to halt/ or ' to stand ready.'

1. 242. t-iro-T]crav, 1st aor. of Trot-tta, fut. iroi-ricriu.

1. 243. Trap--KoXcrf, 1st aor. of irapa-Ka\f-03, fut. -fffco.

1. 244. t-fjX0v, 2nd aor. from the stem -eX0-, the pres. being supplied

by -f'pX'Of"11 - [So in English the pres. 'go' has its past 'went'

supplied from 'to wend.']

it--r\yyti\-, ist aor. of -ayyeA\-, fut. t-ayyf\->, 1st aor. (-rjyy(i\-a,

the t being lengthened into a. [The stem is <Lyyt\-, as in ayy(\-os,' a

messenger,' whence our '

angel.']

1. 245. -Yv-TO. Cp. 1. 103 n.

-4>Tj, imperf. of ^y-^ (stem 4>a -)- [Lat. 'fari,' whence fatnm and

fama.]1. 247. irap-KaXo-a. Cp 1 243 n.

1. 248. TOUTOV-I. This final i is called the demonstrative iota ; it

serves to point out a person more distinctly. Cp. Lat. '

hie-*.*,' French

'celui-c/.' The nom. is ovToa-l.

1. 249. !-8<o-K. Cp. 1. 104 n.

1. 251. -7roX [iT]-o-ev. Cp. 1. 106 n.

iroiT]cra. Cp. I. 243 n.

I. 252. e-Xap-ov. Cp. I. 201 n.

I. 253. JASTO. TatiTa. Cp. I- 128 n.

TjSiKTj-o-a, ist aor. of a-SiK(-u, fut. aSucy-aa). (TJ= + a.)

1. 254. air-Kpiv-a.To. Cp. 1. 149 n.

riSiKT]a. Lit. 'injured him,' but in English' had injured him.'

Where one past tense depends on another past tense, in English wemark it as doubly past by using 'had,' the pluperfect. In Greek this is

left to the intelligence of the reader. Here Orontes would say to

Cyrus,' You did me no wrong,' and Clearchus, reporting his words,

leaves the tense unaltered. Cp. II. 118 n.

1. 255. T|pi>T-a. Cp. 1. 148 n.

airo-oTTcLs, 2nd aor. part, of

1. 256. -iro-eis. Cp. 1. 198 n.

!-4>Ti. Cp. 1. 245 n.

7r-iroiTj-K(vai, perf. inf. act.

1. 259. J)|xoXoY-s imperf. of t>no\oy-(w, contracted from

(w = c + o.)

1. 261. d8iKTj0is, lit.'

having been injured,' here '

[through] being

I 2

Il6 NOTES.

injured,' 1. e.' was it because you were injured," etc. A Greek participle,

without the article, must often be translated by a conjunction, such as

'when,' 'if,''

because,' etc., with the indie, mood of the verb; so this

-on ifOiKr/6i)s. What conjunction has to be supplied from the participle

must depend on the sense of the passage.

1. 262. ouStv. The accus. of respect after i]5iKT]Or),' was injured in

nothing,' i.e. 'was not at all injured.'

1. 263. T|8tKi]-6-r), ist aor. pass, of u-Sut-f<a. Cf. 1. 254 n. on fjS'iKtj-at.

i*]pu>TY]-crv, 1st aor. of ipoiT-aca, ftit. ipajTTj-fraj. ()= + .)

1. 264. Y-Y V'l"

<râl ' Per^- Pass - infin. of yi-yv-opai (stem y*v-) fut -

11. 266, 267. ytvia-Qai, ytvoip.r\v, 2nd aor. infin. and opt.

1. 268. 8daifu. ist aor. opt. act. of 8ont<u.

1. 269. irap-ovo-iv. Cp. 1. 103 n.

1. 270. airo-^Tjv-at, ist aor. mid. imper. of airo-<j>aiv-a), fut. avo-tyav-to,

ist aor. dir-f-<f>r)i>-a. [Distinguish by the accent (l) uTr6-<f>r]>>-ai, 1st aor.

mid. imper., (2) airo-(j>TJvai, 1st aor. act. I'M/?;*.]

1. 272. d<t>avljtiv,'

put out of the way," lit.' cause to disappear' (from

a,'

not,' and <j>av- root of (fjaiv-eoOai,' to appear'). Hence a milder way

of saying 'to kill.'

1. 273. St'fl, subjunctive of the impersonal verb S(1. Verbs in -lea of

two syllables only contract the syllables + and + ci, as irXif, ir\i,

ir\(ti, TT\I: but ir\f<u, irKtovcri, rrA'j?, etc., remain uncontracted.

<j>v\aTTo-0ai, act. ' to guard,' mid. ' to guard against'

or ' ward off

[from ourselves],' i.e. 'be on our guard against.' Cp. III. 91 n.

1. 275. Distinguish rav-rd for ra aiircL, from o avrus,'

the same things,'

from Toura, ncut. pi. of OVTOS,' these tilings.'

1. 176. IXapov TTJS EivT]s, 'took hold of the girdle,' (wvtjt being the

gen. of the part laid hold of. 'E\a(Jo>> rfjv ^WVTJV would be ' took'

or'

received the girdle.'

m Oavaro), lit.' with a view to, or "as a sign of" death.' Taking

hold of a man's girdle was a sign that he was doomed to death.

1. 277. TtTa-yn^voi. Cp. 1. 75 n.

i|-T)Y- v. iniperf. of if-ay-u. Distinguish Tjy-ov, the imperf. from

f)y ay-ov, the 2nd aor. of ayo>. (TJ= + a.)

1. 278. is-T)vtx-9i), JS* aor> pass, from the stem -VK-, to which

(tJ)-/^/xu supplies the present.

1. 279. o&ms OWTC. For the multiplied negatives in Greek cp. 1. 141,II. 59 n.

1. 280. ciS-tv, 2nd aor. from stem 15-, i. e. fiS-. Cp. Lat. vtVAeo,

Eng. 'to wit' The augment ct marks the lost letter f (since <rs =

?fS); t'fia-cu supplies the present, meaning the continuous process of

seeing or '

watching'

a thing ;the aorist implying the momentary act

7. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. llj

of seeing, in the sense of ' to catch sight of,''

espy,'' see at a

glance.'

T-0vT)KOTa, perf. part. ace. sing. masc. of OvrjOKta.

1. 281. -<j>av-Tj, 2nd aor. pass, of (f>a.iv-ca (stem <j>av-).

I. 284. p-e-yaXou Paai\i>s. Cp. 11. 182 and 22 n.

a.tr-r\yyi\\-oy, imperf. of air-ayff\\-ca (stem aYY\-). (T]= + a.)

I. 286. l-0dp<rw-v, imperf. of Oapavv-u.II. 289, 296. -ycvcaOE, -ytvYjcrOc, 2nd pi. imperat. and subj. of the 2nd

aor. of yiyvofjiai.

1. 290. TJS, instead of fjv tXT. What is a relative sentence ? It is

simply a long adjective. As adjectives agree in case with their sub-

stantives, the Greeks make the relative do the same. The relative then

is said to be '

attracted'

into the case of its antecedent, i. e. is made to

agree with its antecedent in case, as well as in gender, number, and

person. To avoid confusion, this is only done when the relative would

otherwise have been in the accusative. Cp. avrl wavTwv S>v exw m the

next line, and the English' instead of what I have.'

1. 293. eir-iao-t, 'will advance.' Remember that tlm, though present

in form, has a future meaning,' I will go.' [The u of the stem appears

also in Lat.i-re.~\

1. 294. ava-o'X'qo'Se (2nd aor. subj. mid. of av-txu\ 'endure;' lit.

' hold yourselves up against.' Lat. smtinere.

1. 295. BT| emphasises alaxvvopjai,'I am quite ashamed.'

alo-xwofiai Xrytov,' I am quite ashamed when I tell you ;' [alaxyvofjiai

\-yiv would mean ' I am ashamed to tell you,' and there/ore do not tell

you, or in other words, 'shame prevents me from telling you.'] Cp. note

on aSiKijQtls 1. 261.

1. 298. oiKot, 'at home' (Lat. domi) ; the old locative or 'place-at-which

'

case, answering to the question where ? [Distinguish ot/coi,' at

home,' from o7oi,'

houses,' nom. pi. of o?/>.]1 300. sure. Cp. 1. 156 n.

Ko.1\t.-i\v, 'certainly.' Kal nty is literally 'and indeed:' it generally

introduces something new, and means ' moreover'

or '

yet.' Here it

introduces a new speaker, who has an objection to make.

1. 302. (A-jjtvf|-crcrOat, the panlo-post fut. or fut. perf. of m-funj-aKto

(stem f*.va-), but as the perf. pass, nf-nvrj-fun has a present meaning,' I

remember' (lit. 'I have called to mind'), futp/rfaoâi is used as a simplefuture. In Latin also the perf. memini and the fut. meminero are used

in the same way.1. 303. Svvaio, 2nd sing. pres. opt. of ovvaâi.1. 304. a/ir-Kpiv-aTO. Cp. 1. 149 n.

! 3I3- -T|YYM-ov. Cp. 1. 284 n.

1. 314. T|P-TO, 2nd aor. of ip-oât, 'I ask' (instead of which (p

I 1 8 NOTES.

is used). Distinguish yp-tro, 2nd aor. of fpoftat, 'ask;1

rfptro, imperf.

mid. of atpw, 'lift up;' and yptiro, imperf. mid. of aipfco, 'take.'

1. 315. n.axi(T0cu. What tense of naxofMi is this? See in Voca-

bulary.

t-<f>Tj. Cp. 1. 245 n.

1. 318. --y*v ' TO - Cp. 1. 103 n.

1. 319. Twv-|ATd-Kvpov (Jappdpwv. The article ruv makes an adjective

of the words between it and its noun [iapflapuv. Cp. 1. 109 n.

1. 321. e-Xt-y-vTO. Cp. 1. 164 n.

1. 322. irapd TOVTOVS,' besides these.' HapaL with the accus. signifies

getting beside a thing, or passing by it, and hence '

going beyond it."

Hence napcL ravra means ' besides this,''

moreover,' Lat. fraeterea.

1. 323. TJpx-v, imperf. of apx-, 'I rule' or 'command.' (TJ= + O.)

1. 324. <ruY-TTa,YH.va>. Cp. 1. 75 n.

were. Cp. 1. 236 n.

1. 326. t-jidx-tTO, imperf. of n&x-ofuu.

8ia iroXXuv -fnispoiv,'

during several days.' Aid signifies division into

parts, hence an interval of time.

1. 337. viorspauj. The feminine ending shows that fj^tpa is under-

stood. So TTJ irpoTfpaia,' the day before.'

-iropev-TO. Cp. 1. 1 08 n.

CHAPTER II.

THE BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS.

(The name Cunaxa is given by Plutarch, not by Xenophon. It wason the Euphrates, about forty miles north-west of Babylon.)

1. 5. dvd KpciTos,' at full speed,' lit.

'

according to one's full strength.'

on (3aoru\vis irpos-'pxT<u, 'that the king was coming.' But the

Greeks use on before a direct speech, though we use our correspondingword ' that

*

only before an indirect. "On (o n) is really a relative, so

that \ty<av on, etc. means '

saying that which follows,' viz.' the king is

coming.'1. 13. nerd TO{/TOV,

'

after him' or next to him.' Distinguish this

from fitrcL TOVTOV, which would mean ' with him.'

1. 21. xa^Kos TIS Xa|iir, lit. 'some brass was shining,' i.e. 'there

was a gleaming of brass.' Note the foice of the imperfectsand KaT-e<t>aivovro, 'began to come' and 'began to be visible.'

77. BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS. 119

1. 24. x!A6V01'. 'next to these,' lit. 'holding on to." *Ex<w is'I have

'

or 'hold,' Ix /* ' (with gen.) intrans. 'I hold on to' a thing, i.e. 'I

follow'

or ' am next to.'

1. 27. d-iro-TTap.va, perf. pass. part, from airo-Tfivca. The v of the

stem rtv- is dropped, and the e changed to a, as in e-airap-Ka, f-airap-fiai.

Thus we get Tt-ra-xa, rt-ra-fMi. [Eng.' ten-slon' 'ten-don.']

1. 34. TTTroiT|Ka|ji.v, the perf. instead of the fut., speaking as if the

thing were already done, 'if we beat the centre, we have won the

day.'

OUK TjOeXsv, etc. The Greeks were always afraid of leaving then

right or unshielded side without protection. Here this over-caution on

the part of Clearchus lost the battle.

1. 41. TJpTO, 2nd aor. from epojucu (pres. fpuTaaj). Cp. I. 314 n.

1. 43. OopvfJov, the gen. of the source from which the sound proceeds.When d/foveiv has a double object, it takes the accus. of the thing heard,

and the gen. of the person from whom you hear it; as a.Kov<a ravra ffov,

' I hear these things from you.'

1. 46. OTV irap-epxTai. See note on ort 7rpos-tpx*Tai, 1- 5-

1. 48. Se'xo|j.ui TOV ol(ov6v, Lat. omen accipio, Cyrus accepts the

words ' Preserver'

and '

Victory'

as an omen of success.

1. 50. irpo-T|pxovTO, imperf. of irpo-fpxofjiai. 'HpxofJ-rjv inform mightalso be the imperf. of apxcpai,

' I begin;' the sense decides.

1. 53. Kara. Kpdros,' at full speed,' lit.

'

according to one's (full)

strength,' the same as avci teparos, 1. 5. [Though avcL and Kara have

originally opposite meanings, tip and down, they come to the same

thing, when the idea is simply that of motion along a given line and

towards a given point ; if this point is not local, they both come to mean'in the way of or 'through.']

1. 54. 0iv Sp6|xco,' to run fast,' lit. 'at a run.' The addition of a word

of similar meaning adds force to the verb ; thus <p60ov <po@(iffQat,'

to be

sore afraid.' Cp. the Lat. cnrsim currere.

1. 59. ou8 ovSels oti8v. Two or more negatives in Greek do not

make an affirmative, as in English, but a stronger negative. Thus ovot

ovSfls is 'no/ even a single one.' Cp. I. 141, 279 n. In older English

negatives used to be multiplied thus, as in Chaucer's Prologue 251' There nas (was not) no man nowhere so virtuous.'

1. 70. us KviK\oScra>v,' with intent to enclose,' lit.

' as about to enclose.'

'Cls with the fut. part, denotes a purpose.

1. 77. KaT-eXeiÔrjo-av. Distinguish i\il<pOT)v, 1st aor. pass, of \tin<a,

Irom t\rt (l>0r]v, 1st aor. pass, of Kap-fiavai.

1. 79. Notice the historical presents i\avvti, itaiei, riTpuffna, markingthe rapidity with which all this was done. With this rash act of Cyrus

compare the conduct of Pelopidas at the battle of Cynoscephalae, B. c.

i2o NOTES.

364. when, enraged at the sight of his hated enemy, Alexander of Pherae,

he rushed upon him, and thus met his death (Plutarch, Life of Pelo-

pidas).

1. 83. b p.v ovv Kvpos,'

Cyrus, as we have said.' The p.tv contrasts

Kvpos with 01 5t pdpfiapot following, the ovv,' then

'

or 'in fact,' (cp. 1.

6 n.) refers back to what has been just related. Mtv may often be

translated' while

'

or ' whereas.'

1. 91. jjcrOovro. Distinguish ya06fjir)v, 2nd aor. of alaOavo/Mt,'I per-

ceive," from TjaGrjv, 1st aor. pass, of qoofwi,'I am pleased.'

1. 99. m]crav, 3rd pi. of tar-qv, intrans., and therefore the 2nd aor.

of tarrjui. The same word might also be the 3rd pi. of torijaa, the

ist aor. of tori;//!, and would then mean 'they placed." In tffn;/ the

2nd aor. and the perf. with the pluperf. are intransitive, the other tenses

are transitive.

X6<j>os, probably an artificial mound, as there are no natural hills on

the Babylonian plain.

1. 105. dvd Kpiros. See note on 1. 5.

tv TOVTCO, sc. xpvvy. Cp. note on t TOVTOV, I. 85.

1. 108. TtOvTjKora,'that he was dead.' The Greeks used the participle

after verbs of knowing, feeling, perceiving, and the like, to express the

fact known or felt. In Latin it would be nesciebant eum mortuum esse

(accus. and infin.). [OfSct with theiiifin. means ' I know how to,' as

olSa ("ijf ,

' I know how to live.']

1. 1 1 8. wp(jiT)o-ovTO,' had started.' The Greek aorist in a minor

sentence must often be rendered by the English pluperfect. Here Glus

and Procles would say,' Ariaeus is at the station, whence we started

yesterday;' the Greek historian, reporting their words, keeps the

aorist'

started," where we should alter it to ' had started,' Cp. I.

254 n.

1.125. tirrov OTV KeXcuci, 'that the king commanded.' For on

introducing a direct speech, see note on on Pa<n\tvs irpos-tpxerat,

1-5-

1. 128. Tjpero. Cp. I. 314 n.

1. 133. o-wJcaOai, middle voice,' to save yourselves.

1. 135. irXeiovos aioi, 'more valuable,' lit. 'worth more,' v\tiovos

(comparative of iruXAou) being the gen. of price. The phrase vo\\ov

oftot may generally be translated by one word,'

valuable,''

serviceable,'

or 'useful."

1. 142. tiirare, the imperative of erira, ist aor. The and aor. tixov is

more commonly used.

1. 144. TOUTO. Si-ntp,' the same as,' Lat. eadem qttae, Cp. I. 275 n.

for the difference between ravra and ravra.

1. 149. Remember that îvou<nv may be another part of the verb.

III. BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 121

besides the 3rd pi. pres. indie. So also an-iovai and irpo-iovffiv in the

next line.

1. 158. i-irovTo, imperf. of tir-o/j.at,'I follow.' The augment ei marks

a lost letter, which reappears in Lat. '

seq-uor.' Distinguish this from

tlir-ov, 2nd aor. from stem eir- (pres. (prjpl), 'I say."

CHAPTER III.

BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT.

I. il. KTjpvxas ircpl airovSujv, sc. \ffttv (I. 15). Thus we say, 'I

came about so and so,' i. e.'to talk about it.'

1. 13. KTJPVKIOV. The gen. of the person after atfovoas,'

after hearing

[their statements from] the heralds.' Cp. II. 43 n.

1. 15. apio-TOV. This might be (i) apiarov, 'breakfast,' (2) apiarovneut. of a/wcTTos,

'best." The sense decides.

1. 22. 6mcr6o-<|>uAa,Kfaiv, pres. part, of bma8o-<pv\aKt<a. Compoundsnot made with prepositions are formed from nouns already compounded,and generally end in -e'w. Thus 6mado-<f>v\a.K((a comes from the noun

omaOo-(f)v\a^, vav-paxtoa from va.v-fi.axos, etc. Prepositions usually form

compounds with the simple verbs, as KaTa-fpvhdaaw, npos-ndxofMii.

1. 26. circoTaTci. This is formed from the noun (niffrarrjs, which is

already compounded ; so being formed from a noun it ends in -ecu (see

the last note). 'E<p-lffTTj/ju is the compound of tirl and foTjj/xj.

1. 28. fn-cue, imperf. 'he would strike him,' i.e. as often as there was

occasion to do so.

1. 32. Ktti, 'also' (as well as the younger men). Beware of translating

HOI by'

and,' when it does not couple words or sentences. If so translated

here it would couple rrpos-e\a.fil3avov with tojpcav, and make it governed

by firfl, thus leaving the sentence without any principal verb, which

would make nonsense. Cp. I. 21 n.

1. 36. YK '4>aôv the part [within the Kpa\r] or ' head'],

i. e. the'

cabbage'

(as it is called) of the palm-tree ;a sort of bud at the top of

the tree, containing the rudiments of its future leaves, enclosed in the

foot-stalks of the actual leaves. This part was edible as well as the

fruit or date.

1. 41. ytCrwy,' a neighbour,* as satrap of the west coast of Asia

Minor.

122 NOTES.

1. 42. fj-rovipiv, imperf. mid. of alrtta. [Observe that alrfu is' I ask

for a thing," tpoiraca,'I ask a question.']

1. 44. ?iv p.ot x^P lv 'will thank me.' 'EX*'"' X^PIV >

'* have' or

'feel gratitude.' Lat. habere graliam.

I. 50. tv diropois, neut. plur. adj. used substantively,'in difficul-

ties.'

1. 55. QHUVSIV in the active is 'to ward off a thing, as apvvttv KO.KUV

TIVL. The middle anvvtaffat is'

to ward off an enemy from oneself,' so

generally to 'punish'

an enemy, with ace. of person, as here.

1. 57. nv6vr<ov might be (_i) gen. plur. of participle, (2) jrd person

plur. imperative. The sense decides.

1. 60.-?j (XY|v,

'

in very truth,' used before the words of a solemn

oath.

1. 67. tTm8dv = 7r87> &v, 'as soon as.' Compounds of av (as orav,

tirtibav, fdv, etc.) take the subjunctive ; with the aorist they have the

force of 'shall have.'

1. 72. |iT|ou mcrros eiT),

'lest he should be faithless.' The ov belongs

to iriaros, OU-TTKTTOS being equivalent to arrunos.

1. 75. 86op.ev,' we shall be thought,' lit.

' we shall seem.' The per-

sonal verb Soxtta means (i)'I think,' (2)

' I seem,' i. e.'I ant thought.'

rrapd. Tas arrovSds,'

contrary to the truce." Tlapd,'

by the side of,'

often with ace., means'

passing by,''

going beside the mark,''

neglect-

ing'

or '

transgressing,' hence '

contrary to."

tiTiTa,' then

'

or 'after this.' Distinguish from iirel,

' when.'

1. 77. XcXfiij'tTai, 'will have been left," i.e. 'we shall have no friend

left.' The paulo-post future, or future-perfect, implies that the action or

event will be completed at a future time. Here the idea is, when that

time comes, we shall find ourselves without friends.

1. 85. iroifjaai rd mard amora, lit.' to make his faithful things

faithless,' i. e.'

falsify his pledges.'

1.91. t^ÂaTTovro dXXr]Xovs, 'kept on their guard against each

other.' The act. #vXar-rtiv is'to guard

'

or '

protect'

anyone (lât.

cavere alicui), the mid. <f>v\a.TTfffOai is' to guard oneself against* anyone

(Lat. cavere aliqnein).

1. 92. TO MrjSias TIX<>S,' the wall of Media,' so called because it was

built to keep the Medes out of Babylonia (so the ' Picts" Wall'

was to

prevent incursions of the Picts) : see opposite page. The wall of Media

was situated about 100 miles N.W. of Babylon, and must originally have

extended from the Tigris to the Euphrates ; but at this time there was

a considerable gap in the wall at the western or Euphrates end.

Tissaphemes must therefore have first led the Greeks some sixty miles

in a homeward (or north-westerly) direction, through this gap to the

north side of the wall, then have brought them back through the wall


into Babylonia again (eio-w rov Ttixovs), and lastly led them about

twenty-four miles eastward to Sittace on the Tigrisl.

1. 98. ovojxo,'

by name,' the accus. of respect. Caenae would be onthe right or west bank of the Tigris, since it was the opposite side tothe Greeks, who were marching northwards, with the river on theirleft.

1. loo. Zairdrav (or Zapa.Tav') TrOTa(xov, now the Great Zab, or UpperZab, one of the chief tributaries of the Tigris on the east.

1. 105. H,T| aSiK-fjorciv depends on opxovs, 'oaths not to injure,' i. e'oaths that we will not injure.'

1. 1 06. 4>vXaTTonvov,'

guarding against.' See note on line 91.

1. 108. SiStigcov, the fut. part, denoting purpose,'to show you.'

1. 1 10. tv TC irapovri [xp""9>]i'at the present time.'

1. 112. Tracra 686s, 'every road,' iracra-q 6865, (next line), 'all the

road," i. e.' our whole line of march.'

1 This identifies Mr/Sias rtixos with the Wall of Nimroiid, said to have

been originally built by Nimrod, against the Ninevite invaders from the

north. Another view is that the ' Wall of Media'

was a long way south of

this, between Cunaxa and Babylon, and that Sittace was much lower downthe Tigris than it is placed in the above map. In this case, the Greeks

would have passed only once through the wall, from the north, so as to get

'inside,' i.e. on the south side, of it.

1 24 NOTES,

1. 113. Sid mtoTous, 'through darkness,* i.e. 'uncertain,' as we say'

to be in the dark' about a thing. [2/fJros in Xenophon is generally

declined like reôs with genitive axuTovs. It is also declined like \6yos

with gen. <TKUTOV.~\

I. 1 18. TOT,'

I then' (i. e. at the time when I joined Cyrus, see I. 26)' desired that . . .'

II. 123,4. The first KO.I may be translated 'even,' implying manyreasons to hope ; the second KCU is

'

also,' i. e.' that you also will wish

to be our friend' [as we wish to be yours]. See note on 1. 32.

1. 128. TTJS x<*PlT s fy tX01^^- Xdpjf fx fiv nieans 'feel gratitude/

See note on 1. 44.

1. 129. Here as in 1. 83 the p.v emphasises the subject Clearchus as

opposed to Tissaphemes, the cn)v refers back to what has been related

before.' So while Clearchus . . .'

1. 131. uX\u,'well.' The idea is 'though I am glad to hear you talk

thus, yet 1 will show you that you have no reason to distrust us.'

TJ8o(uu takes the dative, hence we have ' I am pleased with you

speaking,' i. e.' that you speak.'

1. 132. oiiSt,' not even,' i. e.

'

you no more than we.*

1. 133. airuTTOiTjT*, the opt. in -o'njv of contracted verbs is a

peculiar Attic form. It is very common in the singular (cp. So/con/,

\vnoiT), 11. 28, 54 above), but it is not so often used in the 1st and 2nd

persons plural.

1. 135. ols, 'with which." Observe that the Greek dative supplies the

Latin ablative of instrument, while the genitive supplies the Latin

ablative meaning' from.'

1. 139. ira.p-fxoip.sv dv, 'could render.'

1. 141. 8ia.-Tropcuoin.ev,'

put you across.' Tloptvca in the act, is 'to

provide a passage' (rropos) for any one, i. e.' cause to pass ;' in the mid.

' to provide oneself with a passage," i. e. intrans.'to pass,'

'

march,' etc.

1. 144. ouSJ t rravv cVyaOoi,' not even if ever so brave."

1. 145. iropovs rrpos,' means for,' i. e.

'

ways of.*

1. 151. (xoi, not 'to me,' which would be npos fyii, but (literally) 'for

me,' i. e.'to oblige me.' This is called the ethical dative.

1. 152. is depends on TWO Af-ydpTdu','

those who say that.'

1. 153. rfj cruv *[io! arpariî. Cp. I. 109 n.

1. 159. \Lfra. Tatira. Cp. I. 128 n.

1. 164. ot 8 irovTS, etc. Here iravrts is an apposition with ol, which

is not the article but a pronoun,'

they did not all come."

1. 1 70. x l Tinv SIKTJV,' has his just punishment,' lit.

' the punishment

[which he deserves].' The article in Greek is often used for a posses-

sive pronoun. Cp. I. 15 n. Observe the wary form of Xenophon'sanswer. He really means

' even supposing Clearchus deserved his death,


yet, according to your own showing, Proxenus and Menon should come

back.'

1. 175. av-i\x9i](Tav, 'were taken up,' i.e. to the king's court. Cp.I. 7 n.

1. 1 80. KO.I yap St),'for in fact' or '

in proof of this.' The 8?) shows

that what is going to be said confirms the previous assertion that

Clearchus was '

very fond of war.'

1. iSr. tPTTT]pTi (imperfect),' continued to serve.'

1. 183. 0paK, i. e. on the Hellespont. Cp. 1. 30.

1. 185. 'Ia0(AoO, i. e. the isthmus of Corinth. lie probably had to

touch there to take up some of the allies of Sparta.I. 187. t'OavaTwOr),

' was condemned to death.' QavaTow usually means'I put to death,' lit. 'I cause death' to anyone. [Verbs in -oca derived

from the stems of nouns mean to cause or make something, as bov\-6ca

(from SoGAos), 'I make anyone a slave,' iro\f^-uca (noXtpos, 'I cause to

be at war,' i. e.' make hostile."]

II. 188-191. See the account in I. 25-30.1. 191. oimo nv ovv, 'thus as we have said' The /Jtfv prepares for

the St which follows, 'not only fond of war but a good commander.'

1. 193. ts,' with reference to," or ' as regards.'

apxiv with gen. of person,'to rule.'

1. 195. tfA-iroi-fjcrat., etc. 'to instil into the minds of the soldiers,' lit.

1to produce in them the opinion that,' etc.

ws depends on rty yvaifjirjv.

1. 196. oc rot) eivcu,' from the fact that he was . . .' Cp. I. 24 n.

1. 197. o-ruyvos opav, just as we say 'stern to look upon,' i.e. 'of

stern countenance.' ['Opav in Latin would be '

aspectn tristis" (not

aspicere\ but the Greek infinitive far more nearly resembles the Englishin its uses than the Latin does.]

1. 198. TjyeiTo. 'HyttaGcu, like Lat. ducere, may mean either 'to lead'

or '

to think.' When it means ' to lead,' it takes a dative of the personled, when it means '

to think,' it takes accus. and infin.

1. 201. Distinguish by the accent tyvXcucas, ace. pi. fern, of </>t>A.aT7,

'act of watching,' or 'watch' (Lat. vigilias), from </>i/Aa/is, ace. pi.

masc. of <f>v\a,' watchers

'

(Lat. vigiles). The word guard in Englishis ambiguous, having both meanings.

1. 206. T)8tv TOV rpo-iTov, 'a pleasant manner/ lit. 'his manner a

pleasant (one),' i. e. the manner [which] he had [was] not a pleasantone. The article coming between the adj. and the noun makes the adj.

a predicate in apposition to the noun. If it were TOV fj^vv rpoirov, the

ijSi/j'would be merely an epithet of rpuirov. Cp. IV. 269 n.

1. 207. 8i-Kivro, etc., 'were to him in the position of,' etc. AiaKttaOai

acts as the passive of Sia-nOtvai,' to put into a certain state or condition."

126 NOTES.

1. 209. 4>i\ia, dative of cause,'

through friendship.*

I. 210. 8t| sums up the whole description,' such as I have stated.' The

5 in next line contrasts with the ptv, i. e. 'though he was so strict as a

commander, yet he was unwilling to obey others."

CHAPTER IV.

THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN.

1. i. iroXX-Q 8t|. Here 81) emphasises iro\\y, 'in the greatest possible

perplexity.*

1. 2. dOuntos Ixv. "Exftv is often used intransitively with an ad-

verb, like the Lat. se habere, Fr. se tronver, so that dBv^cas dôv implies

the state of being aOvpot, i. e.'

they were in a desponding state of mind.'

So tv (X(tv >"aituis ex*"'

' to be well off,''

to be badly off.'

1. 3. els TT|V Itnrcpav,' for the evening," i. e.

'

throughout the whole

evening."

1. 4. irl rd oirXa,' to their quarters." The heavy arms (oirAa) were

piled in camp in front of the men's quarters, hence rci ov\a meant' the place where the arms were piled."

1. 5. tTvyxavcv wv, lit.'

happened being," i. e. 'happened to be' ' was at

the time.'

1. 6. -iroOow irarpCSwv, objective genitive,'

regret for their fatherlands."

1. 7. H.T|ITOT,' that they would never."

1. 8. p.v 8-f). Cp. III. 210 n. The 5^ sums up the paragraph, while

the fiiv contrasts with ?jv Si ns in the next section.

ovrrcd 8ia-Kt^voi,'in this state." Cp. III. 207 n.

1. 1 2. l X6oi,'if he came." The optative here equals the past sub-

junctive, and the aorist gives the sense of ' have ;' so in Latin it would

be '

pollicitus est, si venisset, se facturum ;' etc.

1. 14. Distinguish the middle <rvjji-pov\vTai, 'takes counsel with,'

from the active <rv(i-pov\Ui (next line),'

gives counsel to."

Xenophon had been a disciple of Socrates from his youth ; Socrates

himself wrote nothing, so we are indebted to his two pupils Xenophonand Plato for what we know of him. Xenophon's Memorabilia

(Reminiscences), or notes of Socrates' sayings, show the teacher's

practical good sense. Plato had a real grasp of philosophy and had

imagination as well, and in his dialogues or '

imaginary conversations'

he depicts Socrates as -a most subtle and humorous arguer on the

deepest questions of philosophy.

IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 12J

1. 17. tir--f)pTO. Cp. II. 41 n.

Distinguish TIVU, 'to whom?" from nvl, 'to anyone.'1. 1 8. fi.v 0i)oi, the optative with ay makes a conditional mood, 'to

whom he should.'

1. 19. KfiXd-s Trpdjjai.. Observe that irparrtiv with an adverb means'

to fare ;' TO aAov npaTTetv would mean ' to do what is honorable.'

1. 21. TJTKJTO, imperf. of cuTta-o/u, 'to blame.' Do not confound this

with any part of the verb ah-tai,'I ask.'

1. 24. ovmus,'in this way.'

rjpov from j]p6^T]v,'

I asked.' ppou would be imperfect mid. of atpu,' I lift up.'

1. 28. tv 2<ip8cri. Sardis was the place appointed for the rendez-vons

(I. 40).

1. 30. ire! raxiarra,' as soon as ever.'

1. 31. \T||eiv. Distinguish A.ij7co, 'I cease,' from \f~fu, 'I say,' and

from Aax<x> 2nd aor. subj. of \ay\nvo3,'I get by lot.'

1. 32. IltaiSas. Cp. I. 35 and note.

1. 37. aitovTs. Distinguish aicoiv, 'unwilling,' from atcovojv, 'hearing.'

ojjiu)S, 'yet' (Lat. tamen). Distinguish this word from upo'icas,'

like-

wise.'

1. 38. atiTxvvoftevoi with infin.' ashamed to betray,* and therefore

not betraying. With a participle it would be ' ashamed at betraying,'

yet doing it.

1. 39. tis,'

one.' Distinguish from ti's,'into.

1. 42. \axwv\jirvov, 'having got some sleep.' "firvov is the partitive

gen., \ayxav(iv means properly' to obtain by lot,' hence generally,

'

to obtain' or ' to get a share of.'

1. 44. irdcrav [rtfy oluiav],'

all the house.'

1. 45. 8id TOVTOjAt'v is answered by ojjitos 8 in 1. 47,

' for this reason

on the one hand . . . still on the other hand,' etc. The good point of the

dream was a light sent by Zeus to shine upon him in his distress,

the bad points were (i) that the dream came from Zeus as King, which

seemed to imply mischief from the king of Persia, (2) that the flames

appeared to encircle the house (Ka^TrtaOai KVK\U>), which implied the

impossibility of escape from the king's power. For op.cos cp. 1. 37 n.

1. 47. JIT)ou SVPVCUTO. Ou goes with Suvairo,

'lest he should be nn-

able.' Cp. ov-iriffTos, III. 72 and n.

1. 52. \T)4>0u)(iv, from Xapfiavta,'

to catch ;' \ttcpd>nfv would be from

Kd-nca,' to leave."

1. 53. rd SeivoTdTa are the actual tortures, vj3pifon'vovs refers to the

mockery of their sufferings by the enemy.1. 54. oirws awa6jji0a,

' how we shall be in safety.' 'Oirens with the

fut. ind. follows words of '

caring' and '

effecting.'

128 NOTES.

1. 55. uicrrrfp t'-6v,' as if it were possible : fov is the accus. (not the

nom.) neuter participle of the impersonal verb t-(an, lit.'

it being

possible.' [The accus. implies' time during which,' hence the use of

these neuter participles expressing what happens at the same time with

something else, as (-uv, nap-uy; 'while it is possible,' &>av (I aor. part.

of SOK(I), 'when it had seemed good' (Lat. yuum visiim esset).~\

1. 60. tKaOt'fovTo. As the compounds Ka9-iof*ai and icdO-ijuai were much

more commonly used than the uncompounded verbs tfrfMi and fjnat, theyceased to be regarded as compounds at all. Hence the augment t was

placed before the preposition Kara, instead of between the Kara and

the tfrfuu.

1. 61. *YVOVTO,'

became,' i. e.' amounted to."

1. 64. -QPTJVTO, plup. pass, of alptta,'I take,' but in settft the passive of

alpiofiai (mid.),'I choose.' So yptOrjv means '

I was chosen' not ' I was

taken.' The passive of alptta,'

I take," is supplied by tenses of a\iaico-

fiat, as idXojv,'I was taken," tdXeu/ra,

'I have been taken.'

1. 66. (jura TOUTOV, 'after him.' Cp. II. 13 n.

1. 69. irio-Taa0. Distinguish (maTajMu,'I know,' from tip-iffTTjui,

I place upon.' Cp. 1. 148 n.

1. 72. ovv TOIS orrXois, alluding to the demand made by the king that

the Greeks should surrender their arms, which demand they had refused

III "5-135)-1. 73. TO Xoiirov, 'during the future,' 'for the future:' accus. of

duration of time.

1. 76. irapd rotis opicovs. Ilapa, 'contrary to.' Cp. III. 75 n.

1. 79. dva-fxijivrjo-KO) takes two accusatives,' remind you of ..."

1. 80. i5f,T from o75a : T5?/r< would be from fTSov.

1. Si. dyaOois,'

it becomes you to be brave;' ayaOois being the dative

in apposition with vfuv, which is governed by vpos-rjKti, since tlvat

takes the same case after it as before. Cp. Horace, Sat. i. i. 19 'licet

[iis] esse beatis,''

they may be happy.' So after a verb governing the

genitive we might say, cSo/Hjv avrov tlvai ayaQov,' I besought him to

be brave.' But see line 90.

11.81-85. ITp<rv . . -irpuiTov . . Indira OT Ept]s. The two events

here alluded to are (i) the invasion of Greece in the time of Darius

llystaspes, ending in the defeat of the Persians at Marathon, B.C. 490,

(2) the expedition led by Xerxes, who was defeated at the battle of

Salamis, B.C. 480.

1. 84. icat, 'also,' not 'and;' iyitctuv being the principal verb in the

sentence. Cp. III. 32 n.

1. 85. K<U . . icai, here ' both . . . and.'

1. 86.* fiprt, 'just now,' i. e. at the battle of Cunaxa, which had been

fought nearly two months previously. See Chap. II.

IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN, 129

1. 90. irpoer-riKti, here with ace. and infin. 'It is fitting that youshould be,' cp. 1. 81.

1.92. v-0virf|0t]T, imperative; iv-fOvurjdrjTf would be indicative.

1. 93. ol (AxJpioi. lirireis,'their ten thousand horse,' lit.

'the ten thou-

sand horse' which we know they have.

1. 94. ol iroioOvTfs,' those who do.' The article with a participle

= a

relative pronoun and verb. Cp. VIII. 356 n.

yiyviTrai,'is done.'

1. 97. TO Kara-irecmv, ace. after <pofiovp.tvoi. Xenophon's is the kind

of humorous argument by which one might make a child laugh

through its tears. Really the Persians were good riders (Cyropaedia,

II. 2) who would not 'be afraid of tumbling off,' and the Greeks soon

found they could not get on without cavalry, see 1. 150. What was

really reassuring was the fact that Xenophon evidently did not despair,

as he could make a joke of their fears.

1. 98. ,l<mjKOTs. "EffTtjKo. means'I am standing.' Cp. II. 99 n.

1. 99. Ivl jtovco,' in one point alone," like Lat. abl. of measure.

1. 100. T|(AWV, gen. after the irpo in npo-lôvaiv, 'are before us,"

'

superior to us.'

1. 101. o-Kci|;a<r0, distinguish from fOKtyaffde : cp. 1. 92.

pacriAccos UKOVTOS,'

against the king's will ;' Lat. invito rege.

1. Iio. ws, 'with the intention of.' Cp. II. 70 n.

1. 113. Tpis-dcrp.vos, to be taken adverbially with (irotet. 'Thrice-

gladly'= '

very, gladly.' [So rpts-d9\ios, 'very wretched,' Tpts-naKap,

'very blest,' or, as we sometimes say, 'thrice blest.' Cp. the Latin

terfelix, etc.]

tiroiti dv.., ti liopa, 'would have done this, if he had seen,' or

more accurately,' would have been (now) doing this, if he were seeing.'

The four forms of a conditional sentence are (i)'if it is, it is,' (2)

'if

(ever) it be, it will be,' (3)'if it were to be, it would be,' (4)

'if it had

been, it would have been' [but it is not]. This is the 4th form, and

implies 'but the king does not see us preparing to settle:' just above

we had the 3rd form 8011) &v . ., l POV\OIVTO,

' he would give, etc.,

if they were to consent," etc.

1. 119. evOciSe belongs to Ko/iitra/iti/ois,'

having come here.'

1. 121. irp6cr0v must be omitted in translation, as irpiv follows in

the next clause. We say (for instance),' I will not do it, before you

come,' the Greeks often said,' I will not first (irpoaO(v) do it, before

(irpiv} you come.'

1. 123. dir-oXe'crStti dv, 'that we should be mined;' the &v, 'in that

case,' always implies an if, so that 'if they took' is implied in \ap6vTts.

1. 124. TOVS vv dpxovTOS,' our present commanders.' Any word or

words coming between the article and its noun stand as an epithet of the

K

1$0 NOTES.

noun (cp. I. 109); hence such phrases as of vvv, ol irpuaOev, etc., are con-

veniently used instead of a longer expression. [So we sometimes say' the then king.' Cp. ist Ep. to Timothy v. 23

'

thine often infirmities.']

1. 125. ytvto-Oai, 'prove themselves,' lit. 'become.' Never translate

ytvtffOat as if it were merely the same as flvai,'to be.'

1. 126. ToJv-irp6cr0v-apx6vTCi)v, gen. of comparison, 'than,' etc. vOv

r\ irpoo-Otv, being without the article, are real adverbs qualifying im$o-

jxtvous :TJmeans '

than.'

av TIS anting, ScY)TCi, this is the 2nd form of conditional sentences :

cp. 1. 113 n. 'If (ever) anyone should disobey.'

1. 127. dei, 'at the time,' or 'from the lime.' Cp. V. 287.

v(xiov is the partitive gen. after TOV,'the man (anyone) of your

number who comes across [the offender] in each case.*

1. 128. o-uv,' with the help of.'

1. 130. dva-reivaTO), 'let him raise.' The subject is understood in

OTU,'

whoever.'

1. 133. ir\aio-tov, 'a square.' The object of the square was that it

had four fronts, and so could fight on any side if an enemy attacked

them. Each face of the square had a separate commander.

1/134. 8uo . . ir-|A\ovvTo, not iir-tn(\tiaOi]v, because there is no

stress laid on the fact of there being two only. Cp. I. \ n.

1. 137. 8i-J3t]o-av. Remember this is the 2 aor.

ZairdTav, 'the Zab.' Cp. III. 100 n.

1. 140. eV6vov . . tV$v8ovuv .. tTirpucTKov. Observe the force of

the imperfects.

1. 142. 8uoKTlov. Verbal adjectives in -rtos imply that somethingmust or ought to be done, as </>JA.JJ-T'OS (Lat. amandus),

' he must be

loved.* These have two constructions, (i) like the Latin gerundive, as

o? iro\(fuoi SuvKTtoi tlffi : (2) as here, like the Latin gerund, as SiuKriov

tarl rovs vo\tiuovt,' we must pursue the enemy.' [f>iA.j;Tos is not the

same as <pi\i)Ttos, but is simply like Lat. amabUis, loveable.']

1. 148. imo-Tantvovs. Do not confound tirurra/taf,'I understand,'

(i) with (tp-iffTanai mid. of ((p-ivrrjfjii, 'I place upon,' or (2) with ITJCTT-

(vta,' I believe,' or with any word derived from vlar-ts,

'faith.'

cr4>ev8ova.v, infin. after iirtaranivovs,'

knowing how to sling.' [Verbsin -aca only contract into a and u, and always contract into o whenno o is present ; -dv is the contraction of the infinitive.]

1. 158. |w pXuiv, 'out of shot' (as we say). B'\ot is lit. 'out of

[range of] missiles.*

1. 160. 01 jicv, i. e. the Greeks, ot 8t, the enemy.For iirovro from tirofuu cp. II. 158 n.

1. 162. iiatcpoTcgov, 'longer,' i.e. 'further than . . .'

1. 165. irXataiov, 'square,' U76ir\vpov, 'equal-sided,' i.e. an exact


'square.' A square is a good form in which to resist a charge of

cavalry, but a very clumsy form to march in.

1. 167. K-0Xipor0ai., 'to be forced out of their rank,' lit. 'squeezed

out.' [Hence in Latin Prosody Ecthlipsis is the 'squeezing out' of

final m when the next word begins with a vowel, as multu(m) ille.]

1. 168. TO. Kepa/ra crvy-KviirTT), 'the outer flanks close in,' lit. 'bend

together,' i. e.' contract by bending.' The opposite, viz.

' to get

separated,' is expressed by Sia-ffxy, below 1. 171.

1. 170. 8us-xpT)CTTous. The subject is TOVS 6ir\lras from 1. 167.

1. 171. TOWS TOT* 0Xipo[juvovs,' those who were squeezed together in

the former case,' i. e. when the wings (Ktpara) had to close in.

1. 172. TO (ju'aov Tuiv Kpa.Tiov, etc.,' the space between the wings be-

came empty of men,' i. e. when there was a gap. Probably it means

here a gap where the flanks of the square joined the front or rear of it.

1. 173. TOVS ravra iracrxovTas,' those who suffered this,' i. e. found a

gap near them.

1. 174. dXXrjv Tivd Siipaaiv, i.e. 'any other crossing-place' except a

bridge, such as a ford, etc.

1. 175. to-irevBe (imperf.), 'would hurry on.' Cp. III. 28 n.

1. 178. Xoxovis dvd. ItcaTov avSpas, 'six companies of 100 meneach.' This is the distributive force of dvd. Kara is similarly used. Cp.

231 n. Distinguish , 'six,' from ef, 'out of.' The aspirate in

represents the s in Lat. sex.

eir-c'o-TTjaav is here the i aor. because it is transitive. Cp. II. 99 n.

1. 1 79- irevTTjKovTrjpas,' leaders of fifty,' i. e. leaders of half-companies,

or 'lieutenants.' A half-company contained fifty men, and two of them

made a \6xos or company. Each half-company was again subdivided

into two sections, these were called Enomotiae (iva/tunai, lit.' a band of

men sworn in,' from ey-o/mi/ut), and their leaders were called tvujioT-

apxai,'

section-commanders,"'

sublieutenants,' or '

ensigns.' The wholenumber amounted to about 10,000 (I. 318) ; these six companies were

only a small division, which could be shifted so as to give elasticity to

the whole. Probably three marched in front, one in the centre of the

front line, and one where each flank joined the front ; and the other

three in the same position^ in the rear.

1. 1 8 1. avY-KviTTOi. Cp. I. 1 68 n.

ol XoxdYo! vir-|jitvov {5<7Tpov,' the captains used to wait behind,'

i.e. made their companies drop out to the rear and give room for the

others.

1. 182. irap-TJYov, 'used to pass outside the wings,' i.e. into line at

the extremities of the wings.1. 184. TO \it<rov does not mean the inside of the square, but the centrt

of the troops in front and rear.

K 2

132 NOTES.

1. 185. Sidpao-iv. Cp. 1. 174 n.

1. 190. Distinguish aurfjs TTJS 68ov,' the road itself,' i. e.

'

right over

the road," from (i) TJJS OVTJJS uSov,' the same road,' and (2) ravrrji TTJS

Joov,'this road.'

1. 192. opwv ov<rav, 'seeing that it was.' Cp. II. 108 n.

1. 196. ol-virfp-Tfjs-68o\)-Tro\'fUOi. Cp. I. 109 n.

1. 199. Tots- /

irap'-!avT<j>-ovTas-iTXTa<rTas. Cp. I. 109 n.

1. 200. tmXtKTOvs,' as [a reserve of] picked troops.'

1. 202. ot-tm-roi)-\64)ov-iToXt(J.ioi. Cp. I. 109 n.

1. 204. copjrrjcrav must be from opuaoj,'I hasten.' 'O/>/*e<,

'I anchor,

has no ist aor., and would not make sense.

1. 205. 8ia.-KtXev3p.wov,'

cheering their own troops.'

1. 209. ini marks the object for which they were striving, i. e. their

return to Greece. So we find twi ri;'for what purpose?' 'Itvai iiri n,

' to go in ques-t of anything.'1. 213. 6xt might be ' he carries,' or 'you are carried." The context

decides.

1. 215. io0iTai. The present makes it graphic, 'shoves out of his

place," then tiroptvtro, the imperf.,' went on marching.'

1. 217. 8J icaC. AJ couples the sentences, eu means 'also.'

Tvyxav ?XWV' had at the time,' lit.

'

happened having.' Cp. 1. 5 n.

1. 218. Ocopaica TOV lirmK6v. The cuirass or breast-plate of a cavalryofficer was much heavier than that of a foot-soldier, and Xenophon had

the infantry-soldier's shield to carry as well.

1. ii<). vrn-aYi.v, 'march slowly' 'Tni, 'under,' hence 'underhand,'

then little by little/

1. 221. ta-rt T|va.YKa<rav, 'till (as a matter of fact) they forced him.'

With the opt. it would mean '

till such time as they should force him.'

1. 222. dva-pds, sc. TOV "ivirov,'

having mounted' again.1. 225. fyQavowi . . Yv6|ivoi, lit. 'anticipate the enemy having

arrived,' i.e. 'arrived before the enemy.'1. 228. evOtv .. vOv,

' on one side and on the other.'

1. 229. opt) tnrp-v4>T)Xa, the great mountain range, which commandsthe principal pass of the Tigris, near Jezireh.

1.231. Kara TfrpoKis-xiXiovs, '4000 at a time.' Kcrni is here

distributive. Cp. drd 1. 1 78 n.

1. 232. m-8u>T, 'give me besides,' i. e. as a present.

1. 333. STOV,'

what,' not 'whatever.' "OffTit is used in an indirect

question like rl$ in a direct.

1. 234. <J>v<rt)0vra,'

if blown up.' The ' if is implied by the &v

which follows.

1. 236. Si&0a<nv, here 'the means of crossing,' not as in 11. 174, 186,

'tiieplact to be crossed.' [Verbal nouns in -ait properly mean the act


of doing a thing, as irotrj-ait,' a producing ;

'

those in -pa signify the

thing done, as noirj-â,' a production

'

(thing produced).']

1. 242. KwXwovcTi(.itj oXurOdveiv, Lat.

'

prohibebunt quominns labantur.'

Where the main verb has a 'not' the Greeks put a 'not* with the

dependent verb as well; so here the /) merely emphasises the 'not'

already contained in Ku\v<a, and therefore must not be translated in

English.

1. 246. OUK av ir-rpirov,' would not have let the Greeks do

this,' i.e. 'if they saw them trying it." The clause to be suppliedwould run tl iwpwv avroiis TWpwêVot/j. For av with the imperf. cp.

1. 113 n.

1. 249. KapB-ovxovs. The root of this word is still preserved in the

modern Kurd, Kurdistan.

1. 250. TJPXV,' was satrap over,' from apx?i,

'

province.' Cp. I. 6 n.

1. 252. irapoSos,'

passage by the side of it,' i. e. between the river and

the cliffs.

1. 253. vnrJp OUTO{) TOV irorajiov,'

right over the river.' For the

distinction between avr&s & and o avros cp. 1. 190 n.

1. 255. TTJS VVKTOS,'

during the night.' The gen. of time is really a

partitive gen. denoting a period within which something takes place, as

finipas,'

by day,' VVKTOS,'

by night." So in older English' he did it>

o' nights.' Observe also that VVKTOS means generally'

by night,' TTJS

VVKTOS,'

during this particular night.'

1. 257. uirero,' was following." Cp. II. 158 n.

1. 260. XOVTS - The part. tx03v may often be translated'

with,' as

ri\9tv Zx<av r v vlov,' he came with his son.'

1. 263. 8r) emphasises Tore,'at that moment,' Lat. turn detnum.

1. 267. oii-rws, 'in this order;' Cheirisophus leading and Xenophonbringing up the rear (cp. 1. 256).

1. 269. iKavo. TO, in.TT|Seia,'the provisions (which they had) were not

sufficient.' The position of the article between the adjective and noun

makes lieava the predicate of the sentence. Cp. III. 206 n.

1. 272. TOIS 6ma0o(j>v\ai. depends on (yi^vcro,' for the rear-guard.'

1. 273. Distinguish gTiaro, imperf. of ama-o/xai, 'I blame,' from

rJTtiTO, imperf. mid. of aire-cu,' I ask.'

1. 278. o\> <}>acriv civai,'

say that there is not,' Lat. negant esse.

Ou-QrjiM is to be taken as one word,'I deny,' not ' I do not say.'

1. 279. 8vio civSpas, not dvSpf, because no stress is laid on the fact of

there being only two. Cp. I. i, V. 17 n.

1. 282. l8iev, 3rd plur. opt. of olSa,' whether they knew.' The opt.

here answers to imperf. subj. of indirect question after past time.

TJ TT|V (j>avr]pcLv,' than (i. e. besides) the apparent one.' See above

1. 275 /xta iffrlv 6So, ^v opds.

134 NOTES.

1. 283. OUK?4>T]. Cp. 1. 278 n. Also for ou

(j>aCr) 1. 285.

1. 284. optovros TOV tTtpov, the gen. absolute,' the other seeing,' i. e.

'

before the eyes of the other.' Cp. fiaviXfajs O.KOVTOS 1. 107 and n.

1. 286. irap' dvSpi, properly'in her husband's house.' Lat.

'

apitd

virum.' 'E/c-S/Sw/xi, 'I give in marriage,' usually takes the simple dative.

auTos<(>T| T]-yir)crecr9ai,

' said that he would guide.' The avros is

the nom. before the infin. When the subject of the infinitive is the

same as that of the principal verb, the Greeks put it in the nominative,

not in the accusative as in Latin. In Latin this would be ' dixit se

ducturum csse,' but(<f>rj

avruv Tj-ffjafaOai would mean that some other

man would guide them.

1. 289. T-po-KaTa \T)4/oivTO. The////, opt. is used in a reported speech,

wherever the speaker himself would have used ih.efnt.ind. Here he

would have said d/.irj npo-vara X-iyfyea-Qt TOVTO, dovvarov carat, etc.

1. 291. oo-ris 0t\oi av,' who would be willing.' Cp. 1. 233 n.

1. 292. tiTrocrTds, 'having undertaken (the work).' Take iropeua0aiafter iOt\oi av understood.

1. 293. s,' as it were," i. e.

'

about."

1. 298. Totis avu ovras,'

that those who were above,' i.e. the 2000

volunteers, who are supposed to have gained the summit.

1. 299. 4>avpav tKpacriv, the same as <l>av(pa.v odijv 1. 282, where see

note. But Xenophon here calls it an e/r/Jaais, or '

egress,' because it was

a way of getting out of their difficulty.

1. 300. auroi, 'themselves,1

i.e. the rest of the army, who were to

remain below till the volunteers had secured the summit.

1. 305. ol irtpi iovres, the 2000, who were taking a circuitous route to

the summit.

1. 309. <{>po|i.tvoi. .. 8i-<T<J>v8ovu>vTO, 'falling against the rocks were

hurled about in fragments,' like stones from a sling (atyfvSwr)). Aisignifies division into parts. [So Euripides (Phoenissae, 1190) says of

a man struck by lightning, <r4>vSovS.To \upls a\\rj\caf /t<Xj,' his limbs

were shot far from one another," as if from a sling.]

1. 311. XTJO-CIV, fut. of \avOavw, which with air-i6vr(t means 'get awayunnoticed by the enemy.'

1. 313. ol 8t tx VT*s, etc. Cp. 11. 295, 305.1. 31 7. cLs,

' as if,' i. e.'

thinking that," etc.

1. 318. irap'ov,'

leading to which.' napd. with acciis. signifies motion

to get alongside of a thing, hence simply motion to it.

1. 320. 4>avtp 68a>. Cp. 11. 282 n, 299 n.

1. 327. 5-{a>voi, lit.'

well-girt,'. or 'girt up for action,' hence 'active.'

Cp. Lat. accinctus.

1. 328. rfj o-AXm-yyos. The trumpet was the signal to let the otheri

know that the 2000 had gained the height. Cp. 1. 298.


1. 330. {|KaorToi trvôv ovTS,

' where each party were at the time,'

lit.* chanced being.' Cp. 1. 5 n. [For this use of the participle compare

the English' I cease speaking' irauo/icu \tywv,

' I begin speaking,' dpxofuit

Xt-yuv, etc.]

1. 333. Ttj av-rji 685, 'the same road;' [aurfj rf? 655 would be 'the

road itself' or ' the very road.' Cp. 1. 190 n.] So rw avrca rpoiry 1. 340,'in the same way.'

1. 346. TW irpumo X6<j)Cj>,' the first of the three crests

'

which

Xcnophon's men had taken, mentioned in 1. 335 as '

overhanging the

road." Some men had been left to guard this, while Xenophon with

the rest of the army went on to attack the next position (1. 340). It

must not be confounded with the first position of all, which the

volunteers took.

\i<j)0tvTs,'

left,' from Xeurw ; distinguish from \rj(f>9fvres,'

taken,'

from \anfiavco.

1. 350. dir-ijTei, imperf. of air-airi<a, 'to ask back.' Distinguish from

alnaoâi, 'I blame.' Cp. 1. 273 n.

ui TOVTCO coo-re[AT) d8iKiv,

' on condition of their not injuring ;

'

lit.' on this (condition) so as not to injure.' 'Em meaning 'upon,' and

the dative implying'rest at ;

' M with dat. means '

resting on a certain

basis,' hence ' on certain terms'

or 'conditions.'

1. 355. 8-r),'at once,' marking the precise moment at which the thing

was done.

1. 356. t-yevovTO,' tneY gt-' Cp. y(v6jt(vx, 1. 225.

1. 358. KaT-f'ajjav, 1st aor. of KaT-d-yvv|ju. Distinguish the tenses oi

ay-pv/tt,' I break," from those of dy-ca,

' I lead.' Both verbs have the

fut. a<u, but the ist aor. of ayvvm is e'aa, that of 0170; (not often used) is

^fa. Also dyca makes its perf. ^xa > while the 2nd perf. of ayvvfu

is e'aya, and means,'I am broken.'

1. 359. tnTao-irio-rfis,'

armour-bearer,' lit.'

shield-supporter.' The

dams, or large shield, was a great encumbrance when not in actual

use.

1. 360. irpo-pa\X6|X6vos,'

putting forward'

as a defence.

1. 362. TOIS i]8Tj crwTTaY|Avois,' those already posted there.' These

were the men whom Xenophon had ordered to march on (1. 345) while

he ascended the hill with a chosen band. They had halted under arms,

and were waiting for Xenophon in the road below.

1. 365. XUKKOI.S KovMvrots,'

plastered cisterns," made by digging holes

in the ground, and plastering the inside with lime (Kovia). Many of

these cisterns have been found in Syria and Kurdistan of the present

day. [Aawcos is the same word as the Latin lacus.~]

1. 368. iravra TO, vo|j.i6p.cva,'all (the funeral rites) which are con-

sidered customary,' i. e. all the regular funeral rites.

136 KOTES.

CHAPTER V.

THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA.

1. 2. is KwXvo-ovras,' as if they meant to hinder them.' So us

intKtioontvovs 1. 6 below. Cp. II. 70 n.

1. 6. <rw-iXYH-<vovs,'collected.' At'-yoi,

'I gather,' has perf. Aox<i,

perf. pass. iAt-y/taj, but only in compounds; A.'-ya>, 'I speak,' has no

perf. act. in use, but perf. pass. \(\tyijat.

1. 9. avrdp-ciToi.,' of their own accord.' Avrtftaros is literally

'self-

moving'

or '

self-acting,' from aiiros,'

self,' and the stemjjia,

'to move,'

found in the old 2nd perf. ju'-jia-a. Hence it means '

acting of one's

own will,' without any external force ; and we call a self-acting machine

an automaton.

irpi-ppVT]vai, 2nd aor. pass, infin. of ittpi-pptoi, fut. f>tv-aonai, perf.

fppv-T]Ka, 2nd aor. pass, kppv-rjv (with active meaning). In verbs begin-

ning with p, the p is doubled (i) after the augment, as tp-peov, (a) after

a preposition ending in a vowel, as -ntpi-ppiia.

avru is the dativus comtnodi, lit.'

slipped roundfor him,' i.e. 'slippedoff him.'

1. 10. Bia-Paivtiv,' he went free,' lit.

' with the legs apart (5m).'

[Usually Sia-Paiydv is' to go through' or '

go across,' as in 11. 21, 23, 24,

25, etc.]

1. 1 7. Why 8uo vcavicrKw (dual) here, but rovs vtaviaKovs and ol

vtaviaKoi (plural) in 11. 29, 35 below? Because on theirs/ mention

of the young men one's attention is directed to the fact of there beingtwo of them, whereas afterwards they are merely alluded to as ' the

young men," without any stress being laid upon this fact. But even in

the former case it was not thought necessary to put the verb in the dual;

so we have irpos-irpfxov, not irpos-iTptxinjv. Cp. I. i n.

1. 20. Sxrittp fiapo-iirovs,' what seemed like bags,' lit.

' as it were

bags ;

'

Lat. quasi or lanquam.

1. 22. ravTfl, sc. X"W>'at tm?s point.' So

i),'in which place

'=' where." Lat. qua. Cp. 1. 71.

1. 23. 8i-|Jaivop.v, imperf.,'tried to cross,' or '

began to cross.' But

8i-^T)(i.cv, 2nd aor. in next line,' we (actually) did cross.'

1. 24. is vv<r6p.voi. 'fl with fut. part, denotes a purpose. Cp. II.

70 n.

For irpoerOtv followed by irpiv in the next clause cp. IV. lain.

L 30. Distinguish ravrd from rovro, Cp. I. 275 m


1. 34. v p.rcp TOVTWV,' between them.' Mfffos means (i) the middle

o/a thing, as p.lar) fjpipa or piaov jj/xt'pas (II. 17) ; (2) a space midway

between, with the gen., as here.

1. 38. dvd KpaTos. Cp. II. 5 n.

1. 40. tire! SI-^PTJ,' when he had crossed.' The aor. in a minor

sentence must often be translated by the pluperfect. Cp. I. 254, II.

118.

, 1. 43. TOVIS iroXejxiovs, etc., the Armenian infantry, who had been

drawn up on the higher ground behind the cavalry. Cp. 1. 4.

1. 48, us t'm-0T)cr6|j,evoi,' in order to attack.' Cp. II. 7 n -

1. 51. <TKvo<j>6pu>v, neuter, as is shown by ra vno-\enr6n(va. Ta

OKtv6<popa are the same as vwo&yia, 'baggage animals;' ot axtvcxpopot

are the sutlers or camp-followers, who helped to carry the baggage.These are also called 6 oxAos (1. 53).

Distinguish fxerd, TOVTWV (gen.),' with these,' or '

among these/ from

UtrcL ravra,'

after these things.' Cp. I. 128 n.

1. 54. 4'0To dvTia avrois TO. oirXa,' drew up (his men) opposite

them.' &to9ai oir\a means 'to pile arms/ or 'halt under arms' (cp.

I. 241 n.) : hence, with avria added,' to take up a position under arms

over against the enemy."1. 55. -n-offiaacrOai TOVS Xoxovs,

' to form their companies* into divi-

sions of so many men each. Here the divisions were of twenty-five

each, called ivoiônai. Cp. IV. 1 79 n.

1. 56. irpos TWV KapSovxwv, 'towards the Carduchi.' Ilpds roiis

KapSovxovs would mean 'to the Carduchi.'

oupayovs, 'leaders of the rear," from ovpcL, 'rear' (lit. 'a tail'), and

fjy-eo/jiai,' I lead.' [The Greeks spoke of an army metaphorically as a

wild beast ; hence crrâ,'

mouth/ i. e.' front ;

'

Ktpas,'

horn/ i. e.

'

wing ;' ir\fvpai,' flanks ;' ovpa,

'tail

'

or '

rear/]1. 59. <{>8as rtvas <j8ovTs ;

so Tacitus describes the ancient Germansas singing while they advanced to battle.

1. 62. CKCIVOS (Lat. ille), referring to Xenophon, who is not the subject

of the sentence. If there were no pronoun it would be doubtful whether

he or Cheirisophus was meant.

1. 65. Ls Sia-pTjcroiitvovs. Cp. II. 70 n.

1. 66. irpoo-a) TOW TTOTajiov,' far into the river/ lit.

' to a further

point of the river/ the partitive genitive.

1. 67. o-<|>ev86vnf], here 'a stone from a sling," though properly it means

the sling itself. Hence enfiS^ atptvSovi) t-iKvotTo ' as soon as they

got within a sling's cast.' Cp. 1. 261 n.

1. 68. dams tj'oôi,' a shield should ring/ i. e. with the missiles from

the slings of the enemy striking on it.

1. 70. TO iroXejxiKov, sc. <jrjp.fiov,' the signal for battle ;' i. e. what was

138 NOTES.

the usual signal for battle, and what the enemy would understand

as such, though the Greeks had orders to take it the contrary wayon this occasion.

1. 71. T},sc. xfy>?

= 'where,' Lat. qua. Cp. 1. 22 n.

1. 72. ri\v TO.|;IV,' his station.' The article in Greek often = a posses-

sive pronoun. Cp. I. 15 n.

1. 75. TJPXOVTO, imperf. of dpxofim,'I begin.' Cp. II. 50 n. [But

the imperf. of tpxapai does not seem to be used except in compounds, as

npor]px"l->rlv < etc.]

1. 76. iopn.T)<rav. Cp. IV. 204 n.

1. 78. ert]|Aaut.. The signal agreed upon to mislead the enemy.

Cp. 1. 70 n.

1. 82. ol iroXXol, 'the greater part." The article with vo\vs gives the

force of a superlative, hence ol iroAAoi = TrAtforoi.

1. 83. ol two Xipi(r64>ov, etc. Cp. 1. 60.

1. 85. T\ 8ei,' than they ought to have done,' according to the instruc-

tions given above in 1. 66.

1. 88. TijXepoav iroTajiov, now the Kara Su, which flows into the

Eastern branch of the Euphrates. The Greeks were now ascending

into the plain which lies below the still higher elevation of Erzroum.

The cold of this district, especially at Erzroum itself, is unusually

severe in winter ; and this was in the beginning of December. See

Table of Dates, p. vii.

1. 93. Tfjs VVKTOS, gen. of time. Cp. IV. 255 n.

wore air-tKp\M|/,' so that it covered

'

(stating a fact) ;WOT* diro

KpvvJ/ai (infin.) would mean ' with the intention of covering.'

1. 97. TIS Kal dXXos. What does /rat mean here? Cp. Lain.1. 98. <rxifv (imperf.), 'began to cleave them,' or 'would cleave them.*

K TOVTOV. Cp. I. 85 n.

1. 100. 8ia-<ricT]VTJ<r<u,' to take up separate quarters.' Atd is connected

with 5i and 8vo, and denotes separation or distribution into parts. Cp.IV. 309 n.

1. 107. povXi(i,la(rav,'suffered from bulimia' or ' became faint from

fasting." Bov-XijxCa is literally' ravenous hunger,' the prefix ov- (from

/3oOi,' an ox,') denoting anything large or excessive. [Thus /3oi>-irais

means ' an overgrown lout of a boy.' We use the prefix horse in the

same way, as in 'Aors-chestnut/'

Aors-laugh.']1. 108. irdOos,

'

complaint,' from iraO- the stem of 7raerx, (= v&9-fffc<u),

'I suffer.' [From the corresponding Latin word patior we get'

patient,'

meaning one who is ill, lit.' a sufferer.

1

]

1. 109. <J>aYovTs = tl (fta-foidf,'

(/"they ate.' Cp. I. 261 n.

1. 116. Distinguish avrai, nom. pi. fern, of QVTOI, 'this,' from aural,

nom. pi. fern, of aiirut,'self.'


rtvs titv,' who they were' the opt. in an indirect question. Cp. IV.

282 n.

1. 1 20. Kcajxapx^v,' head man,' a sort of chief magistrate or bailiff of

the village, responsible of course to the Persian government.1. 123. ol

H.TJ 8wdp,6voi,' whoever were unable/= ti rivts

IJ.TJ Svi'cuvro,

Lat. 'si qni nequirent.'

1. 126. 8i-4>0apjjivoi TOVIS 6<}>0aX(xoiJs, 'having their eyesight de-

stroyed,' lit. 'destroyed in respect of their eyes.' So in next line dno-

aiai]tr<jTfs roiis SOKTV\OVS.

1. 129. rijs x^vos,' from the snow/ lit. 'as regards the snow,' gen. of

respect.

1. 132. -inro-SeSsntvoi,' with their shoes on.' These were sandals,

consisting of a mere sole fastened by straps going round the feet.

Hence viro-btoj (lit. 'I tie below') means 'I put on sandals,' and wrro-

Stdtptvoi, in a middle rather than a passive sense, is'

having their

sandals on their feet.'

1. 134. -yap explains the reason why they suffered in the manner

described, i.e. because their new shoes were made of undressed leather.

1. 140. tKaO-rjvTo, pluperf. of KaO-tjuai, with meaning of imperf. because

KaO-rjfjiai is used as a present. Why is the augment placed before the

preposition in (-KaO-rjutjv ? Cp. IV. 60 n.

1. 141. OUK ?<|>acrav. Cp. IV. 278 n. It was here that the inci-

dent occurred which Xenophon relates in chap. VI. 275, of a soldier

attempting to bury a sick comrade, to save the trouble of carrying

him. .

1. 145. <|>op-?j<rai. Distinguish tpvfiiiv, 'to frighten,' Lat. terrere, from

<po&(?o&m,'to fear,' Lat. timere,

1. 150. fJKo.v, ist aor. of ir)i*i. *E0j;/i, JjKa, and toa/co. are the three

ist aorists which end in -o. Do not confuse Tj/cav with ôv, imperf.

of 7?/ca>,

'

I am come.1

1. 156. o-Kexj/ojitvovs, fut. part, 'to see,' Lat. visuros.

1. 158. irap-cSocrav KO|UCIV. The Greek infin. can be used to ex-

press a purpose or intention, instead of iva or OJTCOS with the subj. and opt.

In Latin you could not say 'aegrotos iis tradiderunt portare,' but 'tit

portarent.' The Greek infin. is much more like the English than the

Latin. Cp. III. 197 n.

1. 169. oivos KpiOivos, probably a sort of 'whisky,' as would appearfrom its effects. Cp. 1. 172.

1. 170. Distinguish aural al KpiOat, 'the grains thenifelves,' from at

aura! npiOal,' the same grains.' Cp. IV. 190 n.

1. 172. aKparos, lit. 'unmixed,' from a, 'not,' and tetpavvvfu (perf.

-Kpa-a),'

I mix.' Hence (of wine)'

strong,' because the ancients

generally mixed their wine with water before drinking.

140 NOTES.

1. 173. tirtC TIS erw-0i<r0iTj, 'as soon as one got used to it.' The optwith tirel implies 'whenever the time might be.'

1. 1 76. *doriv, not the Colchian Phasis, which flows westward into

the Euxine, but the Araxes or modern Aras, which flows eastward into

the Caspian Sea. This latter river also had the name of Phasis, and

Xenophon seems to have confounded the" two. The district is still

called Pasin, and the river Pasin Su.

irapa, not 'to' the river Phasis, but 'along* it.

Tfj-eis-T6-7T5iov-v7rp{3oXTJ. Cp. I. 109 n.

1. 182. TOV opovs. Distinguish opos, gen. optos, -ovs, neut. 'a moun-

tain," from opos, gen. opov, masc. ' a boundary.'1. 185. <*>s Taxio-ra, lit. 'as (anyone would do it) most quickly.'

i.e. 'as quickly as possible.' Lat. qnam celerrime. Cp. us Kpanara1. 191, ws pqij-ra. 1. 192, us (\axt(TTOvs 1. 193.

1. 1 86. The accent on ot does not belong to it, but is thrown back

from the re following. Therefore ot is the article with troAtûoj, and

the intervening words t>w-f)fMs-6put>T(s are taken together as one word=an epithet of JTO\/KO. Cp. I. 109 n.

1. 189. HTCITOVTOV, '// him,' to be distinguished from fifrcLTOvrov,

'with him.' Cp. /T(i ravra I. 128 and n.

I. 190. Y LY vc')crKa) j

'I judge* r

'

decide,' to be distinguished from oiSa,

'I know.' YiywaKtiv means 'to get a notion* of a thing, hence 'to

learn,' 'perceive,' or, 'judge.' [There is much the same difference

between the French connailre and savoir."]

II. 191, 192, 193. us KpAno-TO, us ^9<rra, is Xaxicrrovs.. Cp.1. 185 n.

1. 194. K\i)/ai TV TOW opovs, lit. 'to steal a portion of the mountain,'

i. e. 'steal our way over the mountain.* K\tnr(tv means (i)' to steal,'

(a) 'to do anything by stealth,' just as we speak of stealing a march

upon the ene.my. The point of the '

banter* in the following extract

lies in the double meaning of the word.

1. 196. KCU...SC. When at and 5i come in the same clause, 8

couples the sentence, teal emphasises the word which follows it. Here' and (or but) I think it is not impossible even (fat) to steal our way."

1. 199. ardp,' but yet,' marking a sudden change of thought. The

precise idea is'

but, in consequence of thinking of the matter again,' etc.

<rvix-f3dXXo|juu \6-yovs,'I talk,' lit.

'

put words together," Lat. conferre

sermones.

1. 201. IK -n-aiScov, 'from childhood,' lit. 'from (being) children.' Lat.

a pueris.

1. 202. oo-a vofio; p.T| KwXvci, 'whatever the law does not forbid.' Cp.1. I23n.

1. 203. us KpdnoTa. Cp. 1. 185 n.


1. 2O6. KX*1TTOVTtS Tl TOW OpOVIS. Cp. i. 1 94 H.

TrXrjYns Xd.p&>n,v literally refers to the punishment inflicted at Sparta

upon those who were caught stealing. (Cp. 1. 204.) As applied to the

present circumstances it means being' beaten

'

by the enemy.

[This law of theft was one of the institutions ascribed to Lycurgus.

By it the Spartan boys were not encouraged to steal in all cases, but

only to obtain the necessaries of life; and if caught they were punished,not for the theft itself, but for having done the work badly. By thus

forcing them to depend upon their own exertions for a bare subsistence,

Lycurgus hoped to make them hardy and effective soldiers.]

1. 207. dXXd ficvToi,'

well, as for that.' The fjtiv has its usual force

of 'indeed' or 'certainly;' TOI is perhaps an old form of aoi, and means'

let me tell you.'1.208. Setycvs tcXsirmv, 'clever at stealing.' Afii/o* means (i)

'terrible,* (2)'

wonderful,' (3) 'clever;' compare our expression 'a

terrible hand' at anything, i. e.'

very clever' at doing it.

rd 8i](i6(na,' the public money' sc. xfrntMTa - The readiness of all

public officers to take bribes was a crying evil in the Athenian re-

public.

1. 209. Kal aoi. What does KOI mean here? Cp. I. 21 n.

1. 211. KaTa-XrjvJ'ojJievos, fut. part. Cp. 1. 156 n.

1. 215. tis TO iaov T|}UV, 'to a level with us.* Lat. in aeqvumdescendere.

1. 216. KaC here introduces a sudden and impatient objection, and maybe translated '

but.' [This force of teal is commonly seen in the phraseteat TTWS

;

'bill how ?

'

or,' how then ?']

1. 217. dXXd,'

nay but.'

1. 219. 6iroT ?xovv . the optative depending on the past tense tiroiT|-

aavro ;

'

they made an agreement that as soon as they get possession ofthe heights they should light many fires.' The orders given to the -

volunteers would be OTTOTCIV i?X'rlT* T(* <*pa, irvpa tenure 7roAA.d.

1. 221. dirTT|pxovTO, imperf. of dir-fpxo/Mi, not dir-apxoncu. Cp.1. 75 n.

1. 228. t<j>-eiirTo, imperf. of ecp-e'wo/tcu (tvl and IJTO^CU), cp. II. 258,IV. 160 n.

1. 233. Taoxus, probably the district between the modern Karsand Erzroum, But this part of the route is extremely uncertain l

.

1 Ainsworth (Travels in the Track of the Ten Thousand) places the

Taochi a long way northward in Georgia, and carries the Greeks so far out

of their direct route. But Grote (Hist, of Greece, Appendix to chap. Ixx)takes them only to the level of Erzroum, and argues that the time spent outhe march is "fully accounted for by the difficulties of the way.

142 NOTES.

1. 234. Distinguish OJKOW, imperf. of o?', from <vx6(*r)v> imperf. of

ni \/fi lint

1. 238. aiptTcov, 'must be taken.' Verbal adjectives in -reos imply

necessity (the Lat. gerundive, as amamlits), those in -TUS imply possibility,

(Lat. adj. in -bills, as amabilis). Cp. IV. 142 n.

tern, the />res., not tarai, the future, although tf /x^ \r)i//6nt9a follows.

The sense is 'we have no provisions now, [/tor shall we get any"] unless

we take this fort.'

1. -242. imparai, the subj. (contracted from Trftpaijrai}, not the indie.,

(from irftpafTai.) All compounds of av, as iav, OTO.V, etc. take the sub-

junctive mood. Cp. III. 67 n.

1. 246. Here and in 1. 250 xupiov means 'a space of ground;' else-

where (as in 1. 236) it means 'a fort.' It is properly a diminutive of

Xcupa, i. e. 'a little place.'

1. 247. TpCa T)p,i-ir\0pa, about fifty yards. The ir\f0pov was a

measure of length = 101 English feet.

1. 252. VTavi0a tvOev, 'to a point whence." 'EvravOa properly means

'in this place,' answering to the question where 1 but it is often used

after verbs of motion, answering to the question whither 1 So we com-

monly say here, there, and where for hither, thither, and whither.

1. 255. jiTl TOVTO. Cp. 1. 189, I. 128 n.

1. 260. tirel irpo-Spajxoi,'

every time he ran forward,' Lat. quoties

procurreret. Conjunctions of time with the opt. often denote repeated

action, 'whenever.'

1. 261. a|xag<u,'

waggon-Zoarfs.' *A/jaa is here put for what it con-

tains, just as in 1. 67 a<f>tvS6vrj meant the stone from a sling and not the

sling itself.

1. 262. The ou goes closely with irpuros,'

fearing lest he should not

be the first to run,' etc., Lat. '

veritus ne non primus percurreret.'

1. 265. iri-\a(ip(iviTai,' catches hold of.' \ap.&a.vtiv is

' to take' and

governs the accus., *.afjfidvea0ai (middle), 'to take hold of,' and governsthe genitive (TTJS trvot). But the active \an@avftv also takes the gen.

of ihe part seized, as t\a/3oi' TTJS {UVTJS I. 276.I. 266. fird TOVTOV. Cp. I. 189 n.

1. 269. Distinguish ratrrd,' the same,' from ravra,

' these things.' Cp.I. 275 n.

1. 270. KaTa-pptvJ/ovra. For the doubling of p in compound verbs

cp. 1. 9 n.

1. 271. i iri-XajtpdvTai avrrjs, cp. 1. 265 n.

1. 273. 4>tp6|icvok 'with a rush,' lit. 'being borne along.' Lat. cum

impetu delati.

ivTtvdtv,'

hence,' i. e.' in consequence of this.*

1. 277. "Apiracrov. The Harpasus is possibly a north-western tri-


butary of the Araxes (called Phasis in 1. 1 76.) It has been supposed that

after crossing the latter river the Greeks had marched nearly too miles

out of their way to the north east, and were now returning in a

direction nearly parallel to their former route, through the countryof the Chalybes. (See foot-note on p. 141.) But it is more likely that

the Harpasus is the modern Tchorak Sn, which flows into' the Black Sea

near Batoum. (See Vocabulary.)1. 280. orevT Tipuptov, 'in five days.' The genitive implies dose

connexion, 'a part of,' 'within' a certain period. Cp. TTJS VVKTOS IV.

255 n.

1. 282. Distinguish opos, 'a mountain,' from opos, 'a boundary.* Cp.1. 182 n. Where this Theches was is uncertain

;but it appears to

have been off the direct road to Trapezus, into which the Greeks

returned, after dismissing their guide (1. 300.)1. 287. dei, 'from time to time' or 'in succession.' Cp. rov uu

fv-Tvyxdvovra IV. 127 n. The next dei means 'continually.'

6ov Spojxcp. Cp. II. 54 n.

1.288. ni6v TI, 'something very important,' lit. 'greater (than,

ordinary).'

1. 295. irpi-c|3aXXov. Note the force of the imperf., 'they began to

embrace' or 'fell to embracing.'1. 296. <f>f po-ucri. . . iroioficn. The change to the historical pres. from

the past tenses afp-'tKovro, irfpi-iâKKov marks the rapidity of the action.

[There is a good English example of this change of tenses in the

Pilgrims Progress, in the story of Giant Despair: 'So when he arose, he

gettelh him a cudgel, and goeth down into the dungeons to them . . .

Then he falls upon them, and beats them in such sort that they were not

able to help themselves.']

1. 301. TTJS VVKTOS. Cp. 1. 280, IV. 255 n.

opos |AYa,' a high mountain-range,' running east and west, parallel

to the sea-coast. The Colchi occupied the coast of the Euxine from

Trapezus to the Phasis (beyond Batoum).1. 306. dvTt-irap-6Ta|avTO (JxiXaY'ya,

' drew up against them in line?

The word <t>d\ay does not necessarily mean a compact mass ; it was

only the Macedonian phalanx that was so, and our use of the term

comes from this. The proper meaning is' a line,' Lat. acies, as opposed

to ' a column.' In the present instance the Greeks first formed a line, but

finding this inconvenient for marching up the hill, they'

disposed their

companies in coltimns' (kiroi-fiaavro opQiovs rovs \6xovsl. 313). [Soldiers

cannot march 'in line' (i. e. standing side by side) unless the ground is

quite clear, like a parade ground. Going along roads and all ordinary

marching is done 'in column,' i. e. some four or more abreast, and the

rest following behind in a string.]

T44 NOTES.

1. 310. KwVuoucri TOJIT)

uvai. The Greeks use what is really the

natural method of putting a 'not' in each part of the sentence. We say'

prevent (i.e. 'do not let,') your being.' They say 'prevent your [not]

being.' [Cp. Kon\vcrovffi /J.T)okiaOaveiv IV. 242, and the multiplied

negatives in I. 141 n.]

irdXat crn-ijSop.v,' we have long been desiring.' The Greeks use

jraAai thus with a present or imperfect, where we use a perfect, as rro\a

upSi,'I have long seen," Lat. '

jamdudum* or '

jampridem video.1

1. 311. wjiovs KaTa-4>aYiv, 'eat up alive,' lit. 'eat up raw,' a pro-

verbial expression for the quick and utter destruction of people youhate. [Cp. Homer, Iliad v. 35 ufj.ov fitfipwOois Tlpiapov Tlpianotu rt

naioas,'

mayst thou devour Priam and his sons alive.']

1. 313. opOiovs rotis X6xvs,'in columns.' Cp. 1. 306 n.

1. 315. Spojjuo Ot'ovTas,'

running at full speed.' Cp. II. 54 n.

1. 319. TWV Kijpuov, the partitive genitive, as we say' to eat of a thing.'

Thus mvf.iv rov oivov is' to drink some o/the wine,' but irivav TOV olvov

would be ' to drink up all the wine.'

1. 322. TT|V aunr]v topav, i.e. 'the same hour' at which they were

taken ill the day before.

dv-c4>p6vovv,'

began to recover their senses.* ["Awl, means '

up again,'

as in ava-Oapptiv,' to take heart again,' ava-irvtlv,

' to recover one's

breath.']

! 3 2 3- TP^T) Ka^ TT<pi~rj f||xtpa, 'on the third or fourth day,' lit.

4

(some) on the third and (others) on the fourth day.' So fit ica! Svo,' one or two,' Lat. ' unus ei alter.'

This poisonous honey seems to have been obtained from the flower of

a kind of azalea, still common in those parts.

1. 325. TpawtfoOvra, Trapezus, the modern Trebisond. The nameis from rpdntfa,

' a table,' because of a hill near the town, level at

the top and forming a 'table land.' Cp. the 'Table' Mountain near

the Cape of Good Hope.1. 330. l<TTT|K<rav. As the perf. farrjita is intransitive and means

I am standing,' the plupeif. tlaTijKtiv has the force of an imperf.,'I was standing.' [The perf., pluperf., and 2nd aor. are intransitive,

the other tenses are transitive. Cp. II. 99 n.]

1. 331. TW d/ywyi. Distinguish afwv, -Sivot, 'a contest,' from ay<avt

-ovros, pres. part, of 070;,' I lead.'

1. 336. 5u ourovs,'

they were required'

by the rule of the race ;

lit.'it was necessary for them.'

1. 338. POJJIOV, probably the ' altar' on which the customary sacrifices

bad been offered before the games, and which now served for a goal.

[But /3w/td (from stem pain Baivoa),' a step,' may mean any raised place

to which you go up, Lat. suggestus."]

VI. TRAPEZVS AND STNOPE. 145

CHAPTER VI.

TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE.

1. 4. <j>xiXo.Kas,'

watches," from <f>v\aK?j, not from </>uA.a ,

' a guard,'

which would make ace. pi. c/>i5\a/zs, cp. III. 201 n.

1. 8. \YOU'

'

they applauded [saying] that he spoke well,' the opta-

tive marks an oblique or reported speech after past time.

Distinguish ravrd,' the same,' and ravra,

' these things ;' cp. I. 275 n.

1. 12. irepi.fi.evT may be indie, or imperative. The sense decides.

ta-r' av, i. e. tare av,'

until.' Compounds of av take the subjunctive.

Cp. III. 67 n.

1. 13. TJ<T0T)crav, ist aor. pass, of TJSoât. Distinguish tfaOrjv from

TJaOonrjv, 2nd aor. of aladavonai, which has (i) no aspirate, (2) the i

siibscriptiim.

1. 14. is Taxicrra.,' as quickly as possible.' Cp. V. 185 n.

1. 15. tv<jj,

sc. xpo^y, 'while.' Cp. note on l/f TOVTOV I. 85.

1. 16. irl Xeiav,'to get booty.' 'Em with the accus. signifies motion

towards a thing, hence ' for the purpose of." Cp. IV. 209 n. [In English

upon was once used in the same sense, and we still speak of going upon

an errand.]

I. 21. [ju]Tp6iroXis here means 'chief town' or 'fort,' just as we use

the word '

metropolis.' But it usually means the '

mother-city' of a

colony.

<ruv-ppvT|Ke(rav ) pluperf. of avp-pto) (=

<rw-/>ew). For the tenses of

pica cp. V. 9.

1. 22. ttrxvpus, 'exceedingly,' lit. 'strongly.' So in Latin valde, con-

tracted from valide, means '

very,' as valde magmis, etc.

1. 23. irpoaoSoi, 'approaches [were] difficult.'

1. 25. aw-ei-n-ovTo, imperf. of aw-i-nopai. For the distinction be-

tween dirufjnjv and tlirov cp. II. 158 n.

1. 26. irXeiovs, being for ir\fiovts, is the nominative.

1.31. 8r0a.i Ta oirXa, 'to stand under arms,' or 'to halt.' Cp.I. 241 n.

1. 35. eio, imperf. of taw, contr. for flat, the augment contracting into

ci instead oft\,

because of a lost letter f (the digamma), which came

between the two 's. Cp. I. 280.

1. 36. iroifjaai TOV Xoxov,'to form his company.' Lat. aciem instrvere.

1. 39. 8i-Tj'yKvXw|ivovs, 'having (their fingers) passed through (8(d)

the loop (ayub\Ti) of the javelin,' i. e. ready to hurl it.

L

146 NOTES.

1.40. tm-j3pX-qnvovs m rats vsvpais, 'having (their anows) fixed

on the string," i. e. ready to shoot.

1.41. 8i4>9pa,' a hide,' here a ' leathern bag" or '

pouch' for carrying

stones : it was hung from the slinger's neck.

1. 42. irap-tcrKcuaoTO, plupf. pass., distinguish from vap-fffxtvaaaTo,

ist aor. mid.

1. 44. XoYXal K.T.X. are in apposition to ra &t\T].

1. 45. tjcrav ot, 'some,' lit. 'there were (those) who.' Lat. erant qui.

\Ve have tlalv ot and rjaav ot in the nominative but eorrlv wv for tlalv

wv in the genitive, and so in the other cases.

1. 47. ucrTt . . dvtp-rjcrav,' so that they scaled it,* i. e. in consequence of

the enemy retiring, Agasius and Philoxenus were enabled to scale the

fort unarmed. "Clart when it marks that a result actually did occur

does not affect the mood : when it simply means a probable result,

it takes the infinitive. Compare the English 'so that he did' and

so as to do it.'

1. 48. ficrd TOVPTOVS. For /*rd, 'after,' with the accus. cp. V. 189,

I. I28n.

1. 49. tjXuicci, plupf. of aXiaiconai.

1. 50. The ircXTao-rai,'

targeteers,' were distinguished from the 4-Xoi,

'light-armed* (also called -yi;/-^ra<) by wearing the small shield

(ir('A.T7/). They came therefore between the îXo< and the 6w\ircu or'

heavy-armed." Among the îAoJ were included the '

slingers* (ffftvSo-

VTJTOI) and the 'archers' (TOOT<Z<).

1. 55. & tXoJJov,' what they had taken.' The aor. in a minor sentence

must often be rendered by the English pluperf. Cp. I. 254 n., II. 118 n.

1. 57. K-iriirrovTs, 'driven out.' 'EK-TTIVTIU is used as the passive ot

in-l3d\\(u, especially in the phrase (K-iritrT(tt> rijs irarpiSos,'to be banished

from one's country.' [So xcf/uu ='I am placed' (pass, of riOnfu), dro-

Orr)ait<a,' I am killed' (pass, of diro-/rr<V<u).]

Distinguish dxpd, fern. sing, 'a citadel,* from dicpd, neut. pi. of

oKpov,'

heights/

L 60. The first infin. Xa^dvctv depends on ôuXo^tvovs, the second

infin. Ifvai upon dv-turctv, with TOW 0ov\optvov as the ace. before

it,'to proclaim thai those who wished to take anything should go inside.'

1. 63. ?9vro TO oirXa,'

grounded their shields,'*

posted themselves.'

Cp. 1. 31 n, I. 241 n.

1. 67. X^m-lov, 'to be taken ;' for force of -riot cp. V. 238 n.

1. 7 1 . KCU . . Kai,' either . . or' as we should say ; lit.

'both remaining

and going away were difficult.'

1. 72. v iL, 'while.* Cp. 1. 15 n.

L 76. xa(,'

also,' i. e. as well as those on the right : so 1. 78 *oi <Ui

rovrcav ruiv otKtwy.


1. 77. Kai, 'even,' 'quite,' i. e. the houses not merely 'caught fire' but

did so 'rapidly.' Cp. I. 21 n.

1. 79. TO p.crov IO.UTWV tea! TWV iroXejuuv,' the space between them

and the enemy.' Cp. V. 34 n.

1. 84. Distinguish aur-f\s T-fjs dicpas from TTJS O.VTTJS diepas, cp. IV.

190 n.

1. 88. dir-iTov, Lat. abeundum esse : -rios implies' must.' Cp. V.

238 n.

1. 89. TOVS virtp TSTTapaKOvTO, ITTJ, just as we say' over forty.' The

full phrase would be TOVS vnlp mrapaKovra trrj yeyovoras (' born.*)

1. 91. [rocra-uTa] TWV cnctuuuv ocra(JLTJ.

^Kfvaiv is partitive, offaJJLTJ

means all which were not required : & ov would mean ' those particular

ones which.' Cp. ocra vo/ios pf) KU\V(I V. 202 and n.

1. 92. KepacroOvra, Cerasus or Kerasunt, noted as being the placefrom which cherries were imported into Europe by the Roman general

Lucullus, B.C. 73 ; hence the Lat. name Cerasus.

1. 101. d\\T|\v, the gen. after crw-T]Kovov,'

they could hear each other

shouting.' The imperf. denotes ' whenever they shouted their neighbourscould hear them.' For aicovetv with the gen. cp. II. 43 n.

Koi\T), 'hollow,' i. e. 'full of hills and dales.*

1. 104. TWV eviSaifiovwv, 'the richer sort;' tv-Saifiaw is from tu, 'well,'

and Saincw,'

fortune,' hence literally'blest by fortune,' i. e.

'

prosperous,'1

wealthy.' So in English the notions of weal and wealth, prosperityand riches are closely combined.

crriYp.fvotJS. Herodotus mentions the practice of '

tattooing' as

prevalent among the Thracians of the upper classes.

1. 108. ofls 8i-XOoiv. The opt. here is like the imperfect subjunctive

of a minor sentence in oblique oration. The direct statement would be

OUTOI (iapPapuTaTOi Tjo-av iravrcav, ovs 8i-T|\0oj*ev.

1. in. irpAîav dv, sc. avOpwiroi, from 1. 109, i.e. 'what people in

general would do.*

1. 112. 8t-\YVTO lavTois, etc. 'they would talk to themselves and

laugh at themselves,' i. e. when quit alone.

oirou fuxpitv. The opt. here adds to orrov the sense of '

wherever.'

Cp. V. 173 n.

1. 122. K 2ivwir]s. Sinope was the parent city, of which Cotyorawas a colony.

1. 123. Seivos XYtv, 'clever at speaking,' Lat. habilis ad dicendum.

Cp. V. 208 n.

1. 125. K TOVTOV. Cp. I. 85 n.

1. 126. viov, imperf. of (fvifa. Do not mistake this verb for a

compound with the prep. (.

1. 127. aurwv, 'from them,' 'of them," gen. after nwOavoât,

L 2

148 NOTES.

1. 13 r. ?ofjuv irpct-yp.aTa,' shall have trouble.' Upay^ta is lit. 'a thing

done,' in pi. irpay/Mra, 'affairs,1

'business,' hence 'troublesome business.'

irXeiw, contr. from irXtiova, comp. of iroXvs.

1. 137,. tivou. TOVS p.axop.tvovs, 'you will have to be the fighters' (andwe shall have no trouble).

1. 134. a yi'yvGjcrKu, 'what I think.' For yiyvuffKu, as distinguished

from ol8a, cp. V. 190 n.

1. 136. KaT-exoH*v'ov>

'

'/held,' because of the ap, 'in that case,' which

follows with b'vvaivTo. Cp. IV. 234 n.

1. 137. ouSf, 'not even.'

ol 7rdvTs dvOpoj-iroi,'all men combined? Of iravrts means ' the whole'

or 'all collectively? irdvra means 'every' or 'all distributively?

1. 141. "AXuv, for the Ilalys and the other rivers, see Map at

the end.

1. 142. rcL irXoia. Observe the force of the article, 'the transports'which you will require. 'Who will give?' is a more lively way of

saying' no one will give.'

Biop^r*, the aorist gives the force of a perf. subj.,'shall once have

crossed.'

1. 144. \itv oviv. Ovv means 'in fact I think,' 'in consequence q/'what I

have told you,' the plv really belongs to rrjv-KaTcL-y^v-iruptiav, which is

opposed to lai/ 8t irXtrjTf.

1. 146. 'HpaxXtiav. Heraclea (Pontica), situated on the Lycus in

Bithynia, was a Greek colony from Megara. Its king Lycus was said

to have treated the Argonauts with kindness. The modern Erekli is

only a small part of the ancient city, but there are extensive ruins, and

traces of old walls, to the east and north.

1. 151. irl TOVTOIS, 'with a view to this,' i.e. to see what was the

will of the gods in the matter.

1. 152. XtlOpa orrpanwruiv, Lat. clam militilus; \dOpa with gen.=' without the knowledge of.'

Silanus was an Ambracian prophet, who had foretold to Cyras, before

the battle of Cunaxa, that the king would not fight within ten days.

For this prophecy Cyrus gave him ten talents, which he wanted to

take home safely to Greece (1. 154); hence his opposition to Xeno-

phon's scheme.

1. 1 58. rots iroXAois,' the majority,' lit.

'the many,' the article imply-

ing a division into two parts, of which the other was smaller ;hence

iroAXof,'

many,' but ol troXXoi,'

most,' like a superlative.

1. 160. <}>6|3i](rav. Distinguish between <o/3'a), 'I frighten,' and $0-

(ifoiMt,' I am frightened,' i. e.

' I fear.'

1. 169. Tii Tovrcp, 'with this object.' Cp. note on M TOVTOII

1. 151-


1. 172. vir-Apt,, not merely tffrai, but 'shall be with you to start

with' [and you will get others].

1. 1 74. v TOVTOJ, sc. xP^vVt'meanwhile,'

'for the time.' 'Ev marks

the time within or during which anything takes place. Cp. kv y 11.

15,72.1. 176. OTTWS \*^w. Aew must be i aor. subj. though in form it

might also be the fut. indie.

1. 1 78. ittpi aviTO-G TOVTOV el a[Aivov ITJ,

' about this very point, [to

see] if it were better." AVTOS retains the meaning of ipse not only in

nom. but in gen., dat., and ace. also, when attached to a noun or a pro-noun as here,

1. 181. ort, <{>aCvoiTO. The opt. shows that this was merely whatSilanus said, and that it might not be true. So also us tyui 8ia-vooip,Tjv

below. But it is ort avros lir-tpovXeve (the indicative) in the next line,

because the '

plotting'

of Silanus was a certain fact.

I. 183. 8ia-|3dX\iv. See note on I. 12.

1. 185. et 'topcov .. &v to-Koirouv, 'if I had been observing you, etc.,

... I should have [now] been considering (imperfect).' Aorists would

mean,'if I had seen you, I should have considered.'

1. 191. The stress is on <rcoo[Atvovs,' that we should sail away in

safety.'

\. 194. -yfyvwo-Kw,' I perceive,' or ' I judge,' lit.

'I get knowledge,' as

distinguished from olSa,' I know.'

ojxoti ovTts,'

if you are together,'= lav j$T.

1. 195. KCU ?vTip.oi ecreaOe,' then you will both be held in honour.'

1. 199. TauTa. Cp. II. 143 n.

1. 200. cv a<r4>a\i,'in safety.' Lat. tuto. The adj. is used substan-

tively. Cp. tv dnopois, etc., III. 50 n.

KpivccrOai depends on ooxti.

1. 201. eirl TOVTOIS, lit.' on these conditions,' i. e. 'for this proposal,'

signifying their assent to what had been proposed.1. 202. TOV povXdjxevov, lit.

'

that he who wished,' i.e. 'whoever- wished,'= carts povXoiro.

1. 204. airo-SiSpdo-KovTa,'

trying to run away,' (force of the present").

For the meaning of dTro-SiSpdffKoj cp. I. 272 n.

1. 205. vnr-to-xovTO. Translate by the pluperf.,' had promised,' and

cp. I. 254, II. 118 n.

I. 206. OVPK ?<J>ao-av, in one word, = 'refused.' Cp. IV. 278 n.

I. 210. tls "MoTiv. This is the Colchian Phasis, which rises in

Mount Caucasus and flows westward into the Euxine. It is not the

same Phasis as the one mentioned in V. 176, which was properly called

the Araxes. Cp. V. 176 n.

L 214. tiTvOovro, 'heard,' 2nd aor. of irv(>')0-o>'-o/xai, 'I learn by

150 NOTES.

enquiry.' The pres. is doubly nasalized (like \a(v)Q-dv-<u, etc.) by the

insertion of v and of the syllable ov. Cp. note on rvy\avaj I. 220.

1. 215. Sia-vootro,' was intending,' or 'intended,' not 'would intend;'

for the opt. after t\f-f(v OTI cp. 1. 184 n.

1. 218. icvxAoi,'

circles,' i.e.'

groups."1. 219. <is Tax<-crra,

' as soon as possible.' Cp. V. 185 n.

1. -220. avTOfiaTOvs, 'of their own accord" [lit.'

self-moving']. Cp.V. 9 n.

1. 222. TJKovj-av TOV KTjpuKos. For axovtiv with gen. of the person

cp. II. 43 n.

1. 224. 8ia-pdXXiv. Cp. 1. 183 above, and I. 12 n.

is, supply qaaKOVTa to agree with rtva,'

saving that,' etc.

1. 226. 4>aivttjj.a.i, 'I am shown,' or 'proved;' rather stronger than

SOKUI, which would mean, 'if I seem in your opinion to be doing wrong;'

<paii'oj/j.ai aoiKiiv would mean,''if I am clearly doing wrong.'

1. 227. cTTi-Otre p.ov SIKTJV,'

impose a. penalty on me,' i. e.'

punish me.'

Cp. I. 134 n.

1. 228. \p-r\o-Qt aiiTois, 'deal with them,' lit. 'use them.' [So the

common phrase rl xp<"H<u avru;= '\Vhat am I to do with him?' also

the Lat. titor,'treat

'

as a friend, etc.]

1. 229. o*(j.ai,' I suppose,' contr. from oiopat.

Distinguish o0v, 'from what quarter," from OTTOV,' in what quarter.'

[Adverbs in -6tv are local ablatives, denoting motion from a place, as

TTuOfv,'

whence,' those in -ow are local genitives denoting rest at or in a

place, as irov,'

where.']1. 232. els TOVS Papfjdpovs, 'into [the country of] the barbarians,* i.e.

into Asia. The Greeks contemptuously called all foreigners 0dp0apot.

Distinguish ?&>, accus. of tus,' the morning,' or ' the east,' from iu>,

contr. from taw,' I allow.' Sense and not accent distinguishes tut,

'

until,' from teas,'

morning.'1. 234. 4>dcriv. Cp. 1. 210 n.

1. 235. KaXoi irXoi tlo iv, lit.' there are fair sailings,' i. e. 'the wind

is fair for sailing.' [IlAof, contr. from w\6oi, nom. pi. of wAdos,

1. 240. \LJ\ pov\o|Atvovs,'

if you did not choose,' = tl ^ Pov\otff0t.

Oil 0ov\ofiivov$ would mean, since [as a matter of fact] you do not

choose,"= ot ov 0ov\tffOt.

1. 241. Kal 8t| dv, etc., 'and even supposing that by an act of deceptionI should carry you to the Phasis.*

The *-airaTT|(Tas is contrasted with ^laaai^rjv in the former sentence

(' if I could not force you to go, I might perhaps deceive you into

going *). It literally means '

having deceived you,' i. e.'

by deceiving

you,' like the Latin gerund in -do. Kol BTJ means '

suppose that,''

put


the case that,' so HOI Srj TeQvaffi,' Well suppose they are dead, [what

then] ?'

(Eur. Medea 386).1. 246. Siicaiws Y.

'

justly at least,' i. e.' their jealousy cannot be well

founded whatever else it may be ; it may be real, or well assumed, but

not just.'

1. 252. 8ia-paX6vTas. Cp. I. 12 n.

Bovvai SIKTJV,' to give satisfaction] \. e.

' to be punished,' Lat. dare

foenas ; \afttiv SIKTJV is' to take satisfaction,' i. e.

' to punish/ Lat.

sumere foenas. So also firiOftvai Stictjv 1. 227.1. 253. {nro-<rxiv BIKTJV,

' submit to [give] an account,' i. e. 'be put on

their trial.'

t'v Toi irpdo-fltv xpovw, i. e. since the time when the five new generalswere chosen in place of those murdered by Tissaphernes. See III. i?5i

and IV. 62.

1. 255. irpuTov, neutr. sing, of irptaros, used as an adverb with

\tai>ra.

1. 256. iroO, i.e. at what stage of the journey. The KO.I emphasisesthe verb in question,

' Where was it then that,' etc. ?' Where were you

so struck ?'

1. 257. OITOV air-coXXvfwOa, etc., i. e. during their march throughArmenia (Chap. V. pp. 48, 49).

1. 258. dXXd (iT)v,'well indeed.' Mr)v is a strengthened form of piv,

'

certainly,' often = '

yet.'

1. 260. vppio-TOTtpos,' more vicious.' *T0pis is used of all kinds of

wanton actions, and the ass was proverbial for being wanton even whentired.

Distinguish ojjius, 'nevertheless,' (i) from o/*oG, 'together,' (2) from

opo'iais,'

likewise."

1. 263. ouStv eivai TOUTWV,' that it [the reason he was beaten] was

none of these things.'

1. 264. OUK<j>i),

' denied'

or ' said no.' Cp. 1. 206 n.

1. 265. ouSt TOVTOl<j>T|,

' said he did not do this either.' OiiSt means' not even,'

' nor yet,' or ' not either.'

1. 267. av--yiYvtoo"Kv

'

'

began to recognise,' lit.'

began to perceive

again [who he was].' Cp. 194 n. for meaning of jiywvaKu. [In I. 237

ura-fiyvw<rHw had another meaning,' to read.']

1. 268. TJ trv t, 'surely you are [are you not?].' Distinguish ?J.

surely,' from ^,'

or,''than.'

TOV KO.JJIVOVTO,' the sick man." Kd/wo;,

' I labour ;

'

hence with v6a<u

understood,'I labour under a sickness/ i. e. 'I am ill.' Cp. the Lat.

' morbo laborare.'

1. 2 70. dXXd. ' well but.' Xenophon admits that he did ' throw the

things about,' but is going to explain why.

152 NOTES.

1. 271. 8i-t8wKa,' I distributed." Ai means,

'in different directions,"

or (as here)' to different persons."

KCU <ru,'

you also,''

you on your part."

1. 274. dir-i'8ias,'

you produced.' lie was required to produce the

man committed to his charge at the end of the day's march, as a con-

dition of getting back his goods.

ufxeis. This is said to the assembled soldiers, but Xenophon resumes

his address to the man in the next sentence (fjvayKaaa tre, etc.).

1. 275. KOT-eXeiirtTo, imperf., 'was on the point of being left behind.'

1. 279. us, with the fut. part, signifies a purpose. Cp. II. 70 n.

1. 281. <^t], opt. pres. of faw. Contracted verbs generally have their

opt. in -olrjv, -aijv instead of -otfu, -</. Cp. III. 133 n. [Rememberthat {acu and \paonai contract everywhere into

i\instead of a, hence

f?

from C<', ?^7 fr m *Ca -]

1. 284. ivrfi,'

after," Lat. postquam. He means to say that the sick

man died some time or other, notwithstanding his having been '

pro-

duced" at the end of that day's march. Cp. 1. 274 n. Xenophon points

out the difference between dying in the natural course of things, and

being buried alive.

1. 285. Kal yip, 'well, for the matter of that,' lit. '[yes] for we

also,' etc.

1. 286. TOVTOV ovv VKO,'for this reason therefore,' i.e. 'Is this any

reason why?' The ovv connects 8ff with a-no-OavovÔa. in the precedingsentence,

' Is it therefore necessary ?'

I. 288. irawreuv oXtyas irXtj-yas,'

gave him [too] few blows,' the

cognate accus., or the accus. of a noun of kindred meaning with the verb.

So we say,'I struck him a blow,''

'

they fought a battle,' etc.

II. 289, 290. Note the force of the imperfects iiccXcvev, av-CoToro,

cXY*v>

'

proceeded to command,''

offered to rise,'' went on to say.'

1. 291. irauroi STJ, 'that I certainly have struck.'

1. 293. irXovKTlv, to get the advantage of,' lit.'to have

'

or '

try

to have more than.' Hence it takes the gen. because of the compara-tive iiKiov.

(I Troiovjiv, (imperf.), 'if we had been doing this (as a

habit):

&v air toX6p.0a, (aorist), 'we should (once for all) have been lost.'

1. 295. OVIK 49Xovras, 'refusing.' Cp. I. 127 n. Distinguish (6{-

\ovrai, pres. part, of i0t\a>, from iOf\ovrat, ace. pi. of iOfhovrfy, 'a

volunteer,' (II. 295. p. 41).

1. 297. Kal <|xavT(p, 'even for myself." Cp. I. 21 for the different

senses of xai.

1. 299. tjXawov, (imperf.)' I would urge him on," i. e. used to do so

every time the occasion occurred.

VI. TRAFEZ US AND SINOPE. 153

1. 300. vyportiTa, 'suppleness.' The adj. vypos means (i) 'moist,'

(2) 'soft/ (3) 'pliant,' especially of the limbs. [So Virgil, Georg. iii.

76, speaks of the ' mollia crura,' the 'lithely moving' legs of a high-

stepping colt.]

1. 301. uiro TOV Ko0fj<r0<u, 'by the [act of] sitting down.' The article

with the infin. shows that the verb is used as a gerund or substantive.

Lat. sedendo.

ol SaKxvXoi . . dir-ecTT|irovTO. See the narrative in Chap. V. 127

(p. 49).

1. 303. diro\iiro|itvovs, etc. See the same narrative a little further

on, 11. I37-144-1. 304. ITU!,

' with the fist.' These adverbs in f denote the instru-

ment, as A.a,' with the heel,' 68d,

' with the teeth,' and a few others.

They are probably shortened forms of dative plurals. [For JTU cp. Lat.

'/w--nus;' Germ, fust; Eng.'

fist.']

1. 306. tiri. d-ya0tj>,' for good.' 'Em with the dative implies purpose.

Cp. tvl Qararoi I. 276 n.

1. 307. Sovvat 8iK-nv. Cp. 1. 252 n. The sentence means, 'I amcontent (lit.

' think it right ') to render the same kind of account [to

you], as parents do to their children, etc. [when they have chastised

them].' In other words,'

I claim to stand in the position of a parent or

a master to you."

1. 308. vj3pfi,'

through wantonness,''

wantonly,''

through an over-

bearing spirit.' Cp. 1. 260 n.

1. 310. ojiws. Cp. 1. 260, second note.

1.311. v cvSCa, 'in calm weather,' i.e. 'in prosperity.* All that

follows down to 1. 315 is a metaphor from a ship at sea.

1. 314. icol, 'even.* Cp. 1. 297 n.

'n-irotT|crv,' will involve,' lit.

'will cause in the matter'

1. 315. dir-Tjx06(ii]v, 2 aor. of a.ir-t\()a.voiun. Distinguish it from dir-

nX-6*]v> 1st aor. pass, of dir-ay-iu.

1. 317. dXAd fi-qv, 'but surely.' Cp. 1. 259 n.

1. 320. n-pi-Y v TO >

* turned out in the end,'' came round,' as we

say.

1. 321. tcos means ' while'

or ' as long as,' with a pres. or imperf. as

here; with an aorist 'until:' that is to say, with the continuous tenses"

it has the continuous sense of '

while,' with the momentary tense the

momentary sense of 'until.'

1. 325. wore,' on condition that,' Lat. ea condirione ut.

1. 329. 0vaavTs . . ISetirvovv. The sacrifices were momentary, the

feasts lasted some time.

1. 330. ryvovTo,' had been made ;'. cmudvierav,

' had sung the paean.'The Paean (i) a song of victory, as when Apollo killed the dragon

154 NOTES.

Python; (2) a battle song; (3) as here, 'a festal hymn* to the gods.The aorist in a minor sentence must often be rendered by the pluperf.

Cp. I. 254, II. 118 n.

1. 331. upxTicravTO crtiv TO!S oirXots, i. e. the dancers imitated military

movements by attitudes and gestures. These warlike dances were veryfashionable among the Greeks and Romans ; they resembled the modemballet in many respects.

1. 334. Txvncojs irws, 'in a sort of artistic manner,' lit. 'somehow

artistically." [Distinguish TTOJS, 'somehow,' from irws, 'how?']1. 336. TOV 2iTa\Kav, 'the Sitalcas-song," originally a. song in honour

of Sitalcas, a Thracian king.1. 340. KaprraCav, perhaps the 'wrist-dance,' from Kap-nos, 'a wrist,'

because the hands of the vanquished man were tied behind him (1. 347).

[Others say the' harvest dance

'

from Kapiros,'

fruit,' but (i) the farmer

was sowing and not reaping, and (2) the brigand tried to get the oxen

and not the corn.]1. 342. <riT6ipi Kal fUY1AaT ^> i- e- imitates the motions of one sowing

and driving oxen. The whole performance was in pantomime. [Zevy-

T)\aT-o is compounded of {tvyos,' a yoke (of oxen),' and i\ar(T]p) t

' a

driver," from (\aros, I\avvca,'I drive.']

1. 345. TtXos, 'at last,' lit. 'as regards the end,' accus. of respect,

used adverbially.

1. 347. T&) x e*P*j instead of rci xfip( - 1 Attic (or Athenian) Greek

the feminine forms of the dual in -a and -aiv were seldom used. Thuswe find TW jwatxt, TW tr6\t(, etc.

1- 35. TOT* \i(v, 'at one time,' . . . TOT St,'at another time.'

is,' as if,' Lat. tanqiiam.

1. 352. -KvJ3icrTa, imperf. 3rd sing, of (K-Kv^taraoj. The /cvfiiffTrjpft,

or '

tumblers,' are mentioned both in the Iliad and the Odyssey. Xeno-

phon elsewhere describes the feats of one of them, who turned somer-

saults over a circle of upright swords.

1^353-Tf'Xos. Cp. 1. 345 n.

TO ITtpcrvKov, sc. ijfxrjfjui,' the Persian dance.*

1. 354. uicXa^c,'

kept crouching down.' From the verb uK\a$(iv this

Persian dance was sometimes called oK\afffM. [Hence, also the adverb

<kA(i,' in a crouching posture,' formed like Adf , oSaf, etc.] Cp.

1. 304 n.

]. 361. is i'Svvaro KaXXicrra. This is the full form of the expression,which commonly appears as els KaXXicna, etc. Cp. V. 185 n.

1. 362. njv nvppixT)v. This was one of the great military dances.

It had its origin in Crete and Sparta, and its step was very quick and

light ; hence in prosody a foot consisting of two short syllables (v/w) was

called the Pyrrhic foot. The Pyrrhic dance continued till quite a late


period and was adopted by the Romans. The dance is still kept up and

called the Romaika ; so Byron says' You have the Pyrrhic dance as yet,

Where is the Pyrrhic phalanx gone?'1. 366. H.TJT* d8iKiv, etc. These were the terms which Corylas had

proposed on behalf of the Paphlagonians, and which the Greeks now

accepted. Cp. 1. 325.

fxtTo, TOXJTO. MerA with ace. means ' after ;' cp. I. 128.

1. 367. eimSt),' now that.' The 677 defines ewet more precisely as to

the time.

1. 369. dva-pdivTcs,'

having embarked,' eis TO. n\ota being understood.

1. 370. Sivioinjv. The Sinopians were colonists from Miletus (on the

West coast of Asia Minor), who had settled in Paphlagonia.

CHAPTER VII.

SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS.

1. 4. yiyvfaQa.1, imperf. infm.,' that they were getting near Greece.'

1. 5. IXtaOai, 2nd aor. mid. of alptaa. AtpeicrOai in the middle means,' to choose.' The passive,

' I am taken/ is expressed by dAtV/ro/xai.

1. 6. tireiOov, imperf., 'tried to persuade.'1. 8. neiio, with 7ve<70cu (making the predicate},

' would become

greater,' or ' increase.'

1. i o. Ka(. Cp. I. 2 1 n. Think what KOI must mean here.

TT|V iTpo-eipYCKr^vTjv 86av,' the reputation he had already achieved,

lit.' worked out beforehand (by him).'

L 13. See the account of Xenophon's dream and the way he inter-

preted it in IV. 43 and following lines.

1. 15. n'p* 1!''was chosen.' Cp. 1. 5 n.

1. 16. crv(A-|jiaxovjjivos, the fut. part.,'

intending to join Cyrus.'

1. 19. fxtvTov, 'but,' or 'however,' corresponding to the p.tv in the

previous line \ji\v .. 5 is sometimes piv .. pivToi],

?4>T|, understand o /Jiavrts.

1. 20. tm-TiOea&u, 'attack.' 'Envr/fle/icu (middle) is lit. 'I set upon,'attack.'

1. 21. The stress is on ireTojievov, 'gets its food when flying?L 25. ciXovTo. Cp. 1. 5 n.

156 NOTES.

1. 26. d\Xd, 'well.' Lit. ['I don't refuse it] but for all that.' Cp.VI. 270 n.

IOT. The sense decides whether it is the imperative,' I wish you

to know this,' or the indicative,'

ye know this.'

1. 27. tea! tyo) leads up to KO.I vfttTs.

1. 28. o i% dv, 'whatever.' *Av adds the force of 'ever.' Whencombined with conjunctions or relative pronouns it is always followed

by the subjunctive.

1. 29. For is with fut. part. cp. II. 70 n.

1. 30. TWV dXXcov, neuter,' what remains (to be done),'

'all other

points.' Cp. 1. 35.

1. 34. ois, the contracted ace. pi. of o?s, gen. olos, ace. olv, Lat. ovis.

The ace. />/. of nouns of the 3rd declension, whose stem ends in a vowel,

often becomes, when contracted, the same as the now. sing., as &ovt, ravs,

ijpw$ for 136-a.s, vi)-as, T^JOMZS.

1. 37. iropevrtov tirj,'

they ought to travel.' For verbals in -re'os cp.

VI. 88 n. The optative is the past of the deliberative present subj. iritis

iropfVTfov rj ;

1. 40. eriria rpioiv r)|j.pu>v,'

provision for three days,' or, as we say,' three days provision.'

I. 42. Kvfuc-rjvovs. The mîKT)vos, sc. arar^p, was a gold coin of

Cyzicus, worth about 20 francs, or a Napoleon, 15$. or i6s.

II. 46, 47. Notice the force of the tenses here : O-UV-TJYOV, imperf.,'

began to collect.'

(KitcXiivro, pluperf.'

[had already been shut],'' were kept shut.*

<j>aivTO, imperf.,'

began to appear.'1. 47. oirXa, for oirAfra*,

' armed men.* [So irt\Tal,'

targets,' is some-

times used for irtKraorai,'

targeteers.']

1. 49. 'K TOVTOW, after this.' Cp. I. 85 n.

1. 50. us alaxpov eitj. The opt. marks that this was what the

Arcadians and Achaeans said, whether it were true or not. Cp. VI.

181 n.

1. 51. Ijv 8f, etc. The subject of fjv is vrrtp-Tiniav, the complement

'ApicdScs Kal 'Ax<uoi.' More than half the army consisted of Arcadians

and Achaeans.'

1. 53- <5>s 8<>1' For the opt. cp. 1. 50 n, above.

KaO' lavrovs,'

by themselves,' Lat. seorsutn, lit.' as regards them-

selves.'

1. 55. aw-ttrnjo-av, the 2nd aor. of aw-iffriym, because it is intransi-

tive, 'stood together,' i.e. 'combined.' [In IOTIJJM the 2nd aor., perf.,

and pluperf. are intransitive, the other tenses are transitive.] Cp. II.

99 n.

tlXovro. Cp. L 5 n.

VII. SINOPE TO CURYSOPOLIS. 157

1. 62. iiririKov, sc. arpartvfia,' a cavalry force.'

1. 63. aTTO-paivovorv,'

disembark,' TWV -nXo'toiv understood.

1. 64. TTJS v 'A<ria 0paKT)s, a portion of Bithynia inhabited byTlvracians, and called '

Asiatic Thrace'

to distinguish it from Thrace in

1'lu rope, or Thrace proper. [So we speak of Turkey in Europe and

Turkey in Asia, Russia in Europe and Russia in Asia.]1. 68. tm-Ti0VTai,

'attack.' Cp. 1. 20 n.

1. 69. Distinguish aurov TOV 'SiJ.iKprjra,' Smicres himself,' from TOV

auTov S/xitf/Mjra,'the same Smicres.' [Sometimes the article is omitted

in the former case, as aurds 'HyricravSpos, 1. 72 below.]1. 73. TTJS VUKTOS,

'

during the night,' to be distinguished from VVKTOS,'

by night.' Cp. IV. 255 n.

The stress is on iroXXoC,' assembled in great numbers' Ol no\\ol

Qpaitts would be,' the numerous Thracians,' or ' most of the Thracians.'

'! 74> 75- TaTTOvro . . tarparoueSeijovro .. irpos-*paXXov. Observe

the force of the imperfects.'

[When the day dawned], there they were

drawing themselves up, etc., . . where the Greeks were being encamped,and they began to attack,' etc.

1. 76. Tt'Xos,'

at last.' Cp. VI. 345 n.

1. 77- ipYov. imperf. of tipya), 'I restrain,' 'keep off;' Lat. arceo.

Distinguish ipy-w from cpY-aô/wzi,' I work,' which has perf. pass. ipY-

acr/iai. [There is no such verb as tpycu or tpyofuu from tp~fov,'

work.']Kai. Think what is the sense of nal here. Cp. I. 21 n.

1. 80. O-UTWS irpaav, not 'did* but 'fared thus.' Uparrdv with an

adverb means '

to fare.' [So we say,' he is doing well,'

' how do youdo? 'etc.]

1. 82. irapd. OAXarrav, 'along the coast;' lit. 'alongside of the sea.'

Ilapd with the ace. signifies motion along a given line, as well as motion

to gel alongside of a thing.

1. 83. rfiS 0p<jKT)s, i.e. Asiatic Thrace. Cp. 1. 64 n.

1. 84. 'HpaK\o)Ti5os,' the district of Heraclea,' yfjs or x<*>Pas under-

stood. [So 77 Me-fapis,' the Megarid,' or '

district about Megara,' etc.]

1. 85. Distinguish iroi, 'to some place' (' some-whither '), from irov,

in next line,'in any place

'

(' any-where '). IIo is properly a simple

locative, like otxot, but as wow was used for'

where,' iroi was kept for

'

whither.'

Tjpwra, imperf.,'

proceeded to ask them."

1. 88. irpi-KKVK\w|juvoi ttev, the perf. pass, in a middle sense, 'had

got round them in a circle,' i. e.' had surrounded them.' [So in Latin,

'

circnmfiinduntur hostem Romani,'' the Romans surround the enemy.']

1. 90. o-Koiriv,' to reconnoitre.' The infin. in Greek, as in English,

may express a result very nearly resembling a purpose. In Latin it

would be tit observaret or ad observandum.

158 NOTES.

1. 92. oo-a 6pu>v,' whatever' [lit. 'as many things as'] 'they might

see.' The opt. marks indefmiteness, i. e.' at any time, in any place, in

any way.' We might however use the indicative,' whatever they

Ktw'

1. 93. tiroiow, imperf., 'proceeded to do.' Cp. 1. 85 n.

1.94. aifoaOcu, 'to be on fire' with watchfires. Distinguish from

alaGtaOcu, to '

perceive.'

1.95. s els H-ÔrrV' 'in preparation for fighting;' lit. 'as if for

battle.'

1. 101. rfjs eo-tttpas, 'in the evening,' gen. of time. Cp. 1. 73 n.

1. 102. TjSti, plwperf. 3rd sing, of otSa, 'I know.'

1. 104. <ru|A-p.iai, here 'to join.' Note the two seemingly opposite

meanings of avfi-fufvvfu, (i)' I join" in a friendly way, as here; (2)

' I

join battle with an enemy.'1. 106. do-jivoi., lit.

'

glad,' i.e. 'gladly,' or 'were glad to see;' aaptvoi

being the real predicate.

1. 109. tv jitcrw TIpaKXeias Kal Bvfavriov, 'midway between I leraclea

and Byzantium.' (See the Map.) Literally, in the middle as regardsI leraclea and Byzantium' (gen. of respect).

1. no. irpoKi|Avov, 'jutting out,' lit.'

lying forward.'

1. in. TO n.tv aurov, with Ka9--fjKov, 'that portion of it which reaches

down into the sea.'

1. 112. diroppw, 'precipitous,' lit. 'broken off;' cp. dir-tpptaya, and

perf. of A.rro-pprjyvvfu,' I break off.' *Av-T|Kv,

'

reaching upwards,' as

opposed to Ka9-fJKov,'

reaching downwards.'

1. 113. jioXierra,' at most.'

TO cvipos,'

[in] breadth,' accus. of respect.

1. 115. oiK-fjcrcu, the infm., as in English,'to dwell in.' In Latin it

would be ad habitandum, or ubi habitarent. Cp. 1. 90 n.

Distinguish avrrj TTJ irTp<y,' the rock itself,

'

from TTJ aiirrj TTtrpq,' the

same rock.' Cp. 1. 69 n.

1. 116. irpos ca-n-tpav, '[looking] towards the west.'

T)Sios,'

fresh," lit.'sweet,' as opposed to '

salt,' or '

brackish.' So

'aquae dulces' in Virgil, Aen. i. 167.

1. 117. cmicpaTtta,' under cover of the fort,' i. e.

' commanded by it'

(ivl and Kparot,'

power.')1. 119. dv-T|Ki. Cp. 1. 112 n.

1. 1 20. ir,'

up to,' i.e. 'as much as.'

ycwScs, 'earthy,' lit. 'earth like,' contr. from yt-o-dSrjt, from yt], 'earth,'

and <75o,'

appearance."1. 121. irap-T|Kci, 'extends along.'

1. 122. T| fiXXtj \"PQ . not 'the other district,' but 'the rest of the

district.' [So in Latin summus mom,,' the top of a mountain," medius

VI1. SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. 159

amnis, 'the middle of a river,' etc.] Distinguish \&pa,' a distinct,' from

Xojpiov (its diminutive"),' a place,' or military

'

position.'

1. 1 30. [ivT]cr9iT],' should propose ;

'

lit.' make mention of.' So the

Latin memorare commonly means net ' to remember,' but ' to tell'

or'relate.'

Sixa -iroutv, lit.' to make twofold,' and hence ' to divide,' without

reference to any particular number of parts. The army had actually

split into three divisions (T/H'X??)- Cp. 1. 57.

1. 133. irl TTJ iropeia,' with a view to marching,' i.e. to see whether

they were to march or not.

I. 134. eK TOVTOU, 'in consequence of this.' Cp. 1. 49 n.

1. 135. TJxOovTO. Distinguish rjxd-6ij.r]v, imperf. of axOofiat, 'to be

grieved,' or 'be in trouble,' from ^X^7?"* Is^ a r. pass, of d^ca. It mightalso be the 2nd aor. of ixOavofMi, but that verb is generally used in its

compound a.n-(\0a.vo^w.i. Cp. VI. 315 n.

KCU. yap, 'for in fact:' if 'for both" was meant, we should probablyhave TO. re yap.

1. 140. els TpCs, 'up to thrice,' i.e. 'as many as three times.' [Els

implies going right into anything, hence with numerals it means '

fully,'

as (Is xi^' ovs < 'f"Hy a thousand men.']1. 141. tytyvtTO, sc. KctXd. The phrase ytyvfaOcu rd. Itpa was often

used with the Ka\a, or '

favourable,' understood.

OVIK f$i) v Qayaytlv,' said that he would not lead out,' lit.

'denied

that he would,' etc. The dv goes with f-ayay(Ti>, and the ovK-ttyt] is to

be taken together as one word. Cp. IV. 283 n.

1. 145. ouSJ OVTCO, 'not even so,' i. e.' not even then' after they had

tried so many times.

1. 147. Suvcos txovras, 'in a dreadful state.' 'EX*** with an adverb

means,' to be in a certain condition.' Cp. IV. 2 n.

TJJ t'vSeia, the instrumental dative,'

through their want.'

1. 150. Take iravras TOTJS PO\)\O(JIVOVS as the subject of Uvai after

(icrjpvff,' he proclaimed that all who wished should go.'

1. 153. tVi TO \ap.|3avuv, 'in order to get (provisions),' lit.'for the

getting;' Lat ad rapiendum or rapiendi causa. The article with theinfin. shows that the verb is used as a gerund or a substantive. Cp. I.

24 n.

Phamabazus was the Persian satrap of Bithynia.1. 155. TOUTOV. Cp. 11. 49, 134 n.

1. 16 1. TOVS HSV..TOVS 81,' some .. the others.' The n\v, 'on the

one hand'

prepares the reader for a S, ' on the other hand.'1. 162. ls TO, oirXa, to the place where their arms were piled in camp.

Hence rd on-Aa came to mean generally' the camp,' or '

quarters.'

Cp. 11. 167, 172 n.

1 60 NOTES.

1. 163. wKT6s,'

by night,' gen. of time. [So' of was formerly used,

as Hamlet says (Act i. Scene 5) :

' My custom always of the afternoon.'

Cp. IV. 255 n.

1. 1 66. f'pvp.vov, the 'strong' or 'fortified position,' whose natural

defences were described in 11. 110-114. This the Greeks were about to

strengthen artificially by making a trench and palisade across the 'neck'

of land (1. 1 12).

1. 167. dva-Xap6vrs TO. oirXa, 'having taken up their arms,' or, in

other words,'

moving their camp.' Cp. 1. 162 n.

1. 1 68. -irpiv. . elvai,

' before it was.'

apiorov,'

breakfast,' to be distinguished from apiorov, gen., of

cipiffTos, 'best.' Cp. III. 15 n.

uir-tTa<}>pv(rav . . air-ecrTavipwffav. The airo implies the cutting off"

of the promontory from the mainland by means of the trench and

palisade.

1. 172. ?0VTO TO. oirXa,'

piled their arms,' so as to form a campMntheir newly-fortified position. Cp. 1. 162 n.

1. 1 74. aurov,'

there,'' where they were,' gen. of place used as an

adverb.

1. 183. fo-rqaav. Think whether this is the transitive 1st aor. or

intransitive 2nd aor. of iarr]î. Cp. II. 99 n.

1. 185. 8ia-|3aTov, 'must be crossed.' Aia-Paruv would mean 'possible

to cross.' Either would make sense here, but what the soldiers were

just now doubting was the necessity of crossing the ravine.

1. 186. irap-cyyvwoT., 'pass the word to.' liap-t-^vav (lit. 'to passon as a trust ') is to pass along the word of command. 'Eyyvij is

' a

pledge'

(put iv fviy,'in the hand ').

1. 1 88. s raxwrra. Cp. V. 185 n.

1. 189. o-uv-T]\0ov, had assembled.' The aor. in a minor sentence

must often be rendered by the pluperf. Cp. II. 118 n.

tort,'

know,' the imperative, as it generally is when used alone like

this ; in form it might also be the 2nd pi. indicative ; the sense decides.

Cp. 1. 26 n.

1. 190. dfxaxcl H.V, etc. The p.Jv is answered ty 8J in 1. 196, 'without

fighting we cannot get away. . but still let us attack the foe.' (luifntv 8J

firl rovs avfipat.)

1. 194. fft-troict Odppos KCU, etc., 'puts courage even into,' etc. Forsenses of *aJ cp. I. 21 n.

1. 196. wv, instead of a Sia-ircnopfv/jitOa. In Greek the relative is

often made to agree with its antecedent in case, as well as in gender,

number, and person. But this is only done when the relative wouldotherwise have been in the accusative. Cp. I. 290 n.

VII. SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. l6l

i. 199. STTOV av, 'wherever.' Cp. 1. 28 n.

1. 200. irap-aYYiXas. Notice the force of irapa,'

having passed word

along the line.'

1. 201. Distinguish ^,' where

'

(Lat. qua), fromf/,

the fem. article; i},

nom. fem. of os ; 77,

' or;

'

rj, 3rd sing. subj. of tlfu ;and

77,

'

surely.'

TUYX<IVV 5v. Cp. IV. 5 n.

1. 202. 8i-t'ptjcrav. Remember this is the and aor.

irl 4>d\<vyyos,'in line,' as opposed to em Kepcas,

'in column." *dXa-yf

means ' a rank,' or 'line

'

of heavy armed men, not necessarily a compactmass, which applies only to the later Macedonian phalanx or line of

battle. [The word <pa\ay is probably connected with '

pale,''

pole,'

etc.]

1. 204. irap-T]yyi\\eTO, passive impersonal,' the word was being

passed along.' Cp. 1. 200.

1. 205. cojs tTTjfxaivoi, supply o ffa\TrfyKTT)s, 'until the trumpeter gavea signal.' "Ecus,

'

until,' is generally followed by an aorist, but arntaiva.

is a regular expression for ' the trumpet sounds.' For the opt. cp.

1. 92 n.

1. 206. KaO-itvras ls irpopoX-qv,'

couching (their lances) for the

charge,' lit.'

setting them down [off the shoulders] for a pushingforward.' Cp. our command, '

charge bayonets,' as opposed to '

slopearms

'

on the shoulder.

8pofuo,'

fast,' our 'at the double,' lit.

'at a run.' See note on Otiv

Spuny II- 54-

I. 207. irap-jfci, 'went,' or 'was passed along the ranks.' Cp. 1. 204 n.

II. 212-215. Observe the change of tenses in this passage. Tir-ijvTiaf*

(imperf.), 'began to confront them;' l<j>0Yia.To (aor. after tirt in a

minor sentence, II. 118 n.),' had sounded ;' eiraidvijov (imperf.), 'began

the war-cry;' KaO-Ucrav (imperf.), 'were couching;' tScJavro (aor. in

principal sentence),' sustained ;

*

c<j>evyov (imperf.),'

began to flee.'

1. 217. 4>-iirTo, imperf. of (<j>-(irofMi, 'I follow after." [Distinguish

dirofirjv, imperf. of tirofMi, from ttirov,' I said,' and aor. of <prj/u. Cp. II.

158 n.]

1. 220. TjSt), 'at once.'

1. 221. ir-KivTO, 'attacked.' K/, 'I lie,' with its compounds, is

used for the passive or middle of TiOrjm and its compounds ; but ciri-

Ti&taOat also means,' to attack." Cp. 1. 20 n.

1. 223. d/7r-0avov,' were killed.'

'

Ano-Orr/aiea} is often used for the

passive of diro-urdvoj, 'I kill.'

1. 225. TO 4apvapd{ov lirmicov, sc. ffTpdrtvfM, the same as ol $apva-fl6ov IvirfTs 1. 153.

1. 226. ?TV erw-TTTjKos, 'still unbroken."

L 328. KOI irl TOVTOVS,'

against these also.* Cp. I. 21.

M

I<52 NOTES.

228. <Ls (irj T0appt]ic6TS dva-TravtraiVTO, 'that they might not tnke

courage and recover themselves.' Qapptca is to 'rally,' 'feel confidence;'

avairavofiai, to'

rest,' or ' recover one's strength.'

1. 229. 8r|, 'so then," 'accordingly.'

1. 230. Kara (with gen.),'

down/ronz.'1. 235. ?<os .. Kara-^tvoi, 'as long as the army remained,

1

or 'mightremain.' The optative marks that the length of their stay was uncertain

and variable.

1. 237. irl Xeav, 'for plunder,' i. e. to get it. 'Em with accus. marks

the object of their going. Cp. IV. 209 n.

1. 238. oiroTf, with opt.,'

whenever,' or ' as often as,' followed by the

past tense f8ov, '

it was resolved.' [The actual words of the resolution

would be oirorav TO arparfvpa. -IT],*av ns \a$r\ n, SOKCI (tvai Srj/j.u-

fftov, 'whenever the army goes out, if anyone lakes anything, it 's

resolved that this shall be public property.' Cp. 1. 287.]

1. 240. ruYX<ivv ov. Cp. IV. 5 n.

1. 245. TO. nv, 'some,' or 'a part;' rd 8, 'the others,' or 'the

remainder.' Cp. 1. 161 n.

1.247. irfpi-60-Twras, 2nd perf.=

irept-fffrrjKoras, the perf. part, of

irtpi-iaTTjfu. "EffTrjKo. is used as a pres. and means,'I stand.' [For the

transitive and intransitive tenses of larrjui cp. II. 99 n.]

1. 248. Tavra, sc. TO. irpo&ara, 1. 245.1. 251. d<f>-aiptiTai, 'rescues,' the middle voice. The passive otatpito

is supplied by dXtV/cojuat,'I am taken.'

1. 254. Distinguish airos 6 KXcavSpos,' Cleander himself, from o

avTut KXtavSpot,' the same Cleander.' Cp. 1. 69 n.

1. 259. OVK e4>tj 4v ytvto-Ba.1,' said that it could not be.' Ov-<f>rjnl is

as one word,' I say [a thing] is not,' and the &P goes

Cp. 1. 141 n.

1. 260. TOV d<j>-cX<$|xcvov, 'the rescuer of the prisoner,' ace.

This was Agasias, 1. 251.1. 265. iroifjcrai,

' to do to me,' i. e.' that he may do.' The Greeks,

like ourselves, could express even a purpose by the infinitive mood. In

Latin it would be ' ut faciat.' Cp. 1. 90 n.

o n fiv, 'whatever.' Cp. 1. 28 n.

1. 269. ol8a ovra,' I know that he is.

1 The Greeks used the participleafter verbs of knowing, feeling, etc., where the Latin would require the

accus. and infin., scio hunc esse. OlSa tivai means,' I know how to be.'

Cp. II. 108 n.

1. 271. alpcOcfc, 'having been chosen.' The middle alpfiaOcu means,'to choose,' and the perf. and 1st aor. jjprjfjiai and rjpfOrjv, commonlyhave the same meaning in the passive, since a\iaiconcu is used for '

I amtaken.' Cp. IV. 64 o


wevnrjicovTopov, etc. While the Greeks were at Trapezus, waiting

for the return of Cheirisophus (VI. 10), the Trapezuntines lent them a

fifty-oared galley to collect transports with. Dexippus being put in

command of the vessel made off with it, and thus placed the Greeks in

an awkward position with the Trapezuntines.

TJfor ty, the relative being attracted into the case of its antecedent.

Cp. 1. 196, I. 290 n.

1. 273. TOUTOV, 'from him,' governed by the dn-o in a imperf.,'if you had been taking him off.' Et airqâ^ts

(2nd aor.) would mean, 'if you had taken him off.1

1. 275. OUK .. ouScv. In Greek two or more negatives make the

negation stronger. Here OVK av tiro'iijffa avow is,'I would not have

done nothing.' Cp. II. 59 n.

I. 277. Sidl, with accus., 'for the sake of.' With the gen. it is 'bymeans of,' as 5id aov,

'

by your means.'

II. 278, 279. jxv .. (iVTOi=

/*i' . . S(, only the 5t is replaced by the

stronger word fiivroi,' however.'

1. 281. K\uroj, the ist aor. subj. not the fut. Compounds of &v (as

(av, orav, etc.) always take the subj.,' whenever I give the order.'

1. 282. Distinguish alnwjxav (contr. from amdo/a<),'

I blame,' from

alrfca, 'I ask.' ^1. 283. auros, the nom. in apposition to OVTOS, the subject of 6no\oyti.

In Latin it would be the accus. before the infin.,' confitetur se eripuisse.'

Cp. IV. 286 n.

1. 285. eiratov . . JfjJaXXov, imperfects,' I offered to strike,' etc.

1. 286.ITJ, 'were,' not 'would be.' The opt. is used in Greek after

on, when the principal verb is in the past tense, but we use the pastindicative after '

saying that.'

1. 287. ^dv . . \-]tT|Tai, etc., the actual words of the resolution. Cp.1. 238 n. The present tense means, 'engages in plundering.'

1. 289. TIY*''' imperf.,' was bringing.'

1. 290. TOIS \T)crrals, i. e. the soldiers who wished to keep the bootyfor themselves, and got Dexippus to help them. See 1. 245.

wapd,'

contrary to,' lit. 'beside the mark of.' Cp. III. 75 n.

1. 292. Think before translating KCU here, and cp. I. 21 n.

1. 293. (ACTO. TaVTO,. Cp. I. 128 n.

1. 300. d\Xd, 'well.' Cp. VI. 258, 370 n.

1. 301. irap-cvofiai vijxlv,' will be present to you,' i. e.

' will help you ;'

Lat. 'vobis adero.' [Cp.' a present help in trouble,' Psalm xlvi. i.]

1. 303. K TOUTOV. Cp. I. 85 n.

tirl Tfl TToptui,' with a view to the march,' i. e. to see whether they

were to march. Cp. 1. 1 33 n.

M 2

164 NOTES.

1. 305. Ka( emphasises jidXXov, even more (than before).*

1. 308. ou YiYVTal understand icaXa. Cp. 1. 141 n.

1. 310. cos &v 6vvo>fi.0a KaXXiara, lit.' as we may be able in the best

manner,' i. e.' as well as ever we can.' The Uv adds the meaning of

'ever' to the us. Cp. 1. 28 n.

1. 312. t-iropvovro, imperf.,'

proceeded in their march;' aj>-iKovTo,

2nd aor.,'

arrived.'

CHAPTER VIII.

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

1. 3. rvxv 5v,' was at the time' Cp. IV. 5 n.

1. ro. <>s diro-irljx\|/&)v, 'intending to send away.' 'fls with fut. partdenotes a purpose. Cp. II. 70 n.

1. n. tjxÔVTO - Cp. VII. 135 n.

1. 13. m-<n.Ti<r0(H. The infinitive expresses the purpose for which

they wanted money. Lat. '

quo commeatum facerent.'

1. 13. on (ic'XXoi, 'that he intended,' not 'would intend.' Cp. VII.

28jn.

1. 14. TJ8T), 'at once.' Cp. VII. 220 n.

1. 15. us here means 'as if;' ws avn-Trop(vff6ftd'oi,' under pretence of

going with.*

1. 16. im8Av (= i7rSj) ft?), 'ai soon as ever.' 'Entity is stronger

than (7rf, and the &* adds the force of 'ever.' Cp. VII. 28 n.

ytvTjTai does not simply = 17, 'shall be,' but 'shall have been gotoutside.' Cp. IV. 125 n.

1. 20. J>s Taxitrro. Cp. V. 185 n.

1. 29. Qiovtn Sp6|jMp, 'run fast," lit. 'at a run.' Cp. II. 54 n.

f's-iovrts is the fut. part, (since d/ju = ibo), therefore with us it marks

a purpose. Cp. I. 10 n.

1. 30. Eteonlcus had been posted at the gate, with orders to secure

the bolt as soon as all the soldiers had gone out.

1. 31. aurot, nom. in apposition with the subject of l\fyov. Cp. VII.

283 n. Ot (rrpaTiwrai, i. e. the soldiers outside.

1. 32. dv-o(ov(n, the fut. ind. instead of the opt. in a reported speech.

The soldiers would say,' We will smash the gates, unless you will open

them' (dvo'tffTt), and the Greek historian in repeating their words


keeps the feme and mood, only changing the person from second to

third.

1. 35. t*TVYXavov ovres. Cp. IV. 5 n. There had not been time to

get the whole army out of the town, before those outside began the

disturbance.

1. 36. dva-TrtTavvvov<ri, 3rd pi. pres. ind. of ava-ittravvvni. Verbs in

vvfj.1 often form this person as if from a verb in -v<u, instead of makingit end in -vaari.

1. 38. TO. ylYv fJl6va

> imperf. part., 'what was being done.' [Td

7fo/ifa, 2nd aor., would mean ' what was done.']1. 42. ol 8 KciQeiAxov. O 6e means, 'those who fled to the ships.'

1. 45. TT^V dicpav, the same as rrjv ajcpi>iro\iv in the next line, the'

citadel' or '

castle.'

1. 51. dvSpi d-yaOoi, the dat. in apposition to <rot, which is governed

by i-(ariv. [So in Latin ' Themistocli licuit esse o//oso.']

1. 52. l POV\OIO . . fi,v 6vf|(rais. The opt. means, 'if you were to desire

it, you would benefit.' Cp. IV. 113 n. for the four forms of conditional

sentences, of which this is the third.

1. 54. iXXd, 'well.' Cp. VI. 270, VII. 300 n.

1. 55. 0a0e TO oirXa, lit. 'ground your shields,' i. e. 'fall in, or 'stand

ready under arms,' not 'lay down your arms.' Cp. I. 241 n. Xenophonknew that his only chance of restoring order was to get them to fall in

to their proper position in rank.

1. 56. s Taxurra. Cp. V. 185 n.

1. 57. irap-aYYXXei.v, 'to pass the word along the line (wapd).' Cp.1. 204 n.

1. 59. ?KTO, used as the passive of riOrjfu (VII. 221 n.), therefore TO.

oivXa CKCITO means,' the arms were grounded,' i. e. the soldiers stood

ready. Cp. 1. 55 n.

1. 62. fa 0v[xo>, not '

mind,' but '

your passion.' &V/JLOS (from 0vai,

'I rush'), means the part which feels, and gets excited, i.e. the pas-

sions and emotions (Lat. animus), vovs being the part which thinks,

i. e. the intellect (Lat. me/is).

Tijxti>pirjcrw|A6a, 'punish,' lit. 'avenge ourselves upon.' Cp. I. 151 n.

1. 64. d torai tvTv0v, lit.' what will be thence,' i. e. what will be

the consequences.' 'EvTtv0(v = tK TOVTCOV.

1. 71. d<j>-aipT]cr6p.voi ) fut. part., 'intending to take away;' Lat.

adempturi. So diro-KTevoOvres,'

intending to kill ;' Lat. occisuri.

1. 72. irpos 0wv, lit.'

before,' or ' in presence of the gods ;' hence in

taking an oath,'

by the gods :' Lat. per deos (vos oro).

1. 73. rats iraTpio-i,' to our (respective) fatherlands,' i. e. the several

states in Greece to which we each belong.

1. 77. The stress is onr

EXXT]vi8a and irpwrqv,'the first Greek city we

1 66 NOTES.

entered,' lit.' a Greek city into which (as the) first we came,' irpwrrjv

being in apposition with ffv. [Cotyora is called ' a Greek town' (VI.

1 17), so also were Trapezus and Heraclea ; but being in Asia and under

the king of Persia, they are here ranked as ' barbarian' as comparedwith Byzantium.]

1. 79. iroiY)o-ovTs,' with the intention of doing.' Cp. 1. 71 n.

1. 81. ovic i-aira,TW|Avoi, etc. = ' not because we are deceived, but

because we consent.' A Greek participle must often be translated by a

conjunction and the indicative of the verb. Cp. I. 261 n.

1. 85. imô^c'vots,'

if they obeyed,' lit.'

obeying.' See preceding

note, and reference to I. 261.

1. 86. K TOVTOV. Cp. I. 85 n.

1. 88. 8ia-Trpaacr0ai oircos, etc., lit.' to manage matters (with

Anaxibius) so that,' etc., i. e.' to arrange that,' to get leave from

Anaxibius. Aia gives the force of '

effecting thoroughly.'

1. 91. TJKW, 'I am come,' or ' have come,' = the ferf. of t/?xA<a<. 'I

come,' or ' am coming.'

1. 97. 8i-4>povTO,' were disputing,' lit.

' were going different ways'

(5o). So we say'to have a difference,' i. e. 'a quarrel.'

1. 99. diro-8i86pivoi,. Distinguish airo-bidum (act.),' I give back,'

from airo-SiSopai (mid.),' I sell.'

1. 100. ol 8, ' and others,' besides those who sailed away.Kara TOS iroXus,

'in the different towns.' Kara is here distributive.

Cp. IV. 231 n.

1. 101. Y1YVO FL V(1>V ' imperf. part., 'if this went on.' Cp. 1. 38 n. ; i.e.

by getting this done he would please Pharnabazus.

1. 1 02. xaP^ âi âpvapdfw, because Pharnabazus, the satrap of

Bithynia (VII. 153 n.) was afraid of having the Greek army so near his

province. See 11. i, 2 of this Chapter.

1. 104. apn.ooTT|S, 'as governor,' in apposition to StaSoxos.

1. 105. diro-86<ri)ai,'sell as slaves.' Cp. 1. 99 n.

1. 107. 'XdTTOvs. What is the uncontracted form of this word?

1. 108. irapa-irXv<ras, lit.'

having sailed along (the coast),' i. e.

1

having coasted along.'

1. 109. For Parium and Perinthus (1. 112), see the Map and

Vocabulary.1. no. ws Taxiora. Cp. V. 185 n.

TOVS 8i-criTap|x*vovs TWV arparuoTuJv, lit.' the dispersed (ones) of the

soldiers,' i. e. 'those of the soldiers who had been dispersed' (1. 100).

2rpanearSiv is the partitive gen.

1. in. 8ia-pcf}A{iiv. Kemember that Piflafa and its compounds are

transitive,' to cause to go.*

1. 114. U-ITOVTO, to be distinguished from ttvov. Cp. II. 158 n.

VIII. CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. l6j

1. 115. <is 8ia-{3tj<r6n.voi, lit. 'as about to cross,' i.e. 'because they

were going to cross,' or 'at the thought of crossing' (after a.<r\Lfvoi).

1. 119. vir-icrxvov(jivos, 'though he promised,' the participle, or'

though promising.' Ka'nrfp is usually added to a participle to mark

that it means 'although.' Cp. I. 261 n.

1. 121. itr TOIS crrpa.Titt>Tcus (XTJ irepaiovaOai,' told the soldiers not

to cross ;' Lat. ' militibus imperavit ne trajicerent.' [Eur TOVS o-TpaTtw-

ras o\i -nfpaiovaOat, would be,' said that the soldiers were not crossing ;'

Lat. ' dixit milites non trajicere.']

1. 1 23. K\V<TV, ' had ordered.' The aor. in a minor sense is

generally translated by the pluperf. Cp. II. 118 n.

1. 130. TTJS WKTOS. Cp. IV. 255 n.

1. 135. Svo dvSpas. A dual adj. may always be put with a plural

noun (and vice versa), unless particular stress is laid upon the fact that

two only are meant.' Cp. I. I n.

1. 136. IT-TIPTO. Distinguish (l) fipofnjv, 2nd aor. of fpo/Mi (pies,

tpon-dca'),' I ask,' (2) rjponrjv, imperf. pass, of aipca,

' I raise ;' (3)

Tjpovfjiijv, imperf. of alpeopai,' I choose.'

o TI povXovro xpTJwOai, lit.' in what he wished to use,' i. e.

' what use

he wished to make of.' *O rt is the accus. of respect,' as to what.'

1. 138. 0wwv. The Thyni originally inhabited the Thracian district

near Salmydessus on the Euxine; but were driven into Asia, and

colonised Bithynia, formerly called Bebrycia.1. 1 39. The dominions of Maesades were a dependency of the Odrysian

kingdom. When the power of the Odrysae declined, the whole kingdomwas divided, and then Seuthes lost that portion of it which his father

had ruled. The Odrysae once had a very extensive dominion, on both

sides .of the Hebrus (now the Maritza river). At one time their powerextended beyond the Haemus (Balkan) range to the Danube, and as far

west as the Strymon ; thus including most of the eastern portion of the

modern Roumelia and Bulgaria. It was now on the decline.

ttc-iriiTTEi, lit. 'falls out,' i. e. 'is banished.' 'EK-niirr<u is used as the

passive of (K-@aX\<u,' I cast out.'

1. 141. TW vvv paaiXei, 'the present king.' Any word or words

between the article and its noun = an adjective. Cp. I. 109, IV.

124 n.

1. 142. dXXoTpias. 'A\\6rptos is the possessive of aAAos, 'belongingto another.' Cp. the Lat. alienus from alius.

1. 144. Ti}Jiwpoip,Tjv, middle, 'take vengeance on,' i.e. 'punish.' Cp. I.

151 n.

1. 145. diro-p\trwv, 'looking* for my daily maintenance, as a dogwatches for scraps from the table. 'Airo-fl\etrfii> is lit.

' to look away

from'

everything else towards one object, hence ' to look eagerly.''

1 68 ffOTES.

1. 146. tic TOVTOV, here 'in consequence o/this,' not merely 'after this/

as in former instances (I. 85, etc.).

I. 147. 6\|/co-6c. Observe the tense before translating.

II. 148, 149. cl . . irapa-Yvoia6e, etc., 'if you were to join me, I think

I should,' etc. The opt. marks that the event of the Greeks joining

Seuthes is as yet uncertain, a mere possibility in fact. This is the third

out of the four forms of conditionals, IV. 1130.I. 151. cl cXOoipcv, 'if we were to come.' See the last note.

II. 155-157. av(XT) Sia-irpd|u>|j.cv . . av OE$CI. This is the second

form of conditional (IV. 113 n.) ;'if (by any chance) we shall not have

succeeded in doing this for you, will you receive us,' etc. [When the

principal verb is in the fut. ind., the ' if clause generally has lav with

the subj.]

1. 156. Supply (civ from the former line before ^.

1. 157. povXtofwOa, n t &ov\t>]VTa.i, because the antecedent to 5<roi is

YHJ.OS, 'as many of us as desire.'

1. 160. TT|V OvyaWpa. The article TT)C marks the possessive of the

same person as the verb owacu. Cp. I. 1 5 n.

1. 161. Although its has an accent, it means 'any,* not 'who?' Theaccent does not belong to it, but is thrown back from the <roi following;

'

would not have any accent if it had not the accent thrown back

from TIS.

1. 162. The custom of buying a wife prevailed in other Eastern

nations besides Thrace, and anciently in Greece itself. [Hence one

meaning of the word tdva in Homer is money paid by the suitor to the

parents of the bride.] For Bisanthe see Map and Vocabulary.1. 163. Twv-cVi-0aXaTTn-xwpfo>v. For the article and noun with

words between, cp. I. 109 n.

1. 169. The stress is on tvOaBe pt'vovres, 'whether you will stay here

and consult, or," etc.

1. 175. dir-i<JvTC,/M/. part., lit. 'about to depart,' i.e. '{or departure.'

1. 1 76. av-oxcua{ca0e,'

pack up.' "S.v-aKHia.$taOai is'to collect (and

pack up) one's baggage (rd. a^cw;).' Lat. vasa colligere.

1. 178. nerd ravra. Cp. I. 128 n.

tiiroKTo. Cp. 1. 115, II. 158 n.

1. 182. u<nrcp Kal vw. Supply the 2nd pi. pres. ind. act. of the verb

from which Xij|/cr6e comes.

1. 184. Sia-Ti6l|Atvo, 'disposing of (by sale).' &taTiOt](ii is lit. 'I putin different places,' Lat. dispono, whence our '

dispose.'

iropi(w. Think what mood this must be after iva.

I. 185. Jir-ijpTO. Cp. 1. 136 n.

ir<}<rov, 'how much?' i.e. 'how far?' Lat. quantum.

II. 186, 187. ovSaprj, iroXXaxTJ, properly datives of plact, meaning


'

no-where,*' in many places,' but here rather implying time,

' on no

occasion,'' on many occasions,' i. e.

'often.' [Though these words were

originally datives, the i subscript was dropped when they came to be used

simply as adverbs. So iravraxij, d\\axr), etc.]

1. 187. eir! TOUTOIS, 'on these conditions.' Cp. IV. 350 n.

1. 1 90. Kaicl T<xci9, lit.'

according to ranks,' i. e.' in separate ranks.'

Cp. 1. 100 n.

1. 191. cos irap-iovres. For is with the/?//, part., cp. II. 70 n.

1. 195. (itYiora, superl. of fj.fya\us, adv. of /le'-yas. The superlativeof an adverb is generally only the neut. plur. of the superlative of the

corresponding adjective.

o TI v ?xT|5,' whatewr you have" or '

may have.' Cp. VII. 28 n.

1. 196. The stress is on evi'ovs, 'it is because I am well-disposed to

you that," etc. Cp. I. 261 n.

1. 198. imo-ci. Remember (i) that 7ra<rx<w may mean to 'get good' as

well as to 'get harm ;' (2) that watrxw being used as passive of iroitoi

('to treat well' or 'ill') is followed by viro marking the agent.1. 201. TpiTroSes, 'three-legged tables.' Each guest had a table to

himself, and these were brought in and removed at each course.

1. 204. Trapa-K6i(XVovs,' which were set near him.' Kftfjuu is used for

the passive of riQrjiu. Cp. III. 207, VII. 221 n.

1. 205. KaTo, (UKpov,' in small pieces.' Kard is distributive. Cp.

1. 100 n.

1. 206. ficeivTO. Cp. 1. 204 n.

1. 207. Distinguish raurd, 'the same things,' from ravra,'these things.'

Cp.1.^27511.

Scivo; (fxxyeiv, as we say' a terrible one to eat,' i. e. 'a great cater.'

1. 210. eSciirvci, imperf. 'went on with his supper."1. 214. TI Ae'yoi, 'what he said,' the indirect question after Tjpura.

But in the next line it is o TI \eyot,'

what," i. e.' that which he said.'

1. 216. p.v 8q. The plv leads up to the 5 in the next section, the ST)

winds up this paragraph. The two = ' so then,' and are used to markthe end of one subject and the beginning of another.

1. 218. irpo-irivu aoi, lit. 'I drink before you,' i.e. 'I drink yourhealth.' In asking a man to drink wine with you, the Greek customwas to drinkfirst yourself and then pass on the cup.

1. 2 20. 8tiiicii>v,' when you pursue,' airo-x<p&v,

' when you retreat.' Cp.I. 261 n. Observe icaC . . Kai answering to one another.

1. 221. airo-ijieuêi,. Remember that the fut. of tptvyw is ciiojuai, not

<(>(v<u. 'Awo implies 'get clearoff".'

1. 223. o TI ITOUH, 'what he should do,' the deliberative opt. after

fJ7TOplTO.

1. 223. cKa0T|To. Whyistheaugmentbeforethepreposition? Because

1JO NOTES.

KaO-rjfMi was so much oftener used than the simple verb fjitai, that it

ceased to be treated as a compound at all. Cp. IV. 60 n.

1. 2:7. eivai. the infin. in Greek expressing a result or consequence,where the Latin would require ut or qni with the subj., (qui simus or

futures'). Cp. VII. 90 n.

1. 229. Distinguish (JUTO TOUTOJV, 'with these (men),' from /xra ravra

(\. 234), 'after these (things).'

1. 232. auroi,' of their own accord.'

1. 234. oxiXovlvTs Ktpo.cn, 'playing on horns.' Av\fca is lit. 'I playthe flute,' or '

flageolet,' hence simply'I play (any instrument).'

1. 235. iroXcfiiKov, 'a war-cry,' some neuter word, such as fioapa,' a shout,' being understood.

-T|\aTo, ist aor. of ff-oAAo/toi. Seuthes was performing a mimic

war-dance, like the one described in Chap. VII. 330.

1. 240. <|>vXdaa0ai, middle, 'are on their guard.' Cp. III. 91 n.

1. 243. 6-irorav,' as soon as ever.' Compounds of $LV always take the

subj. ;av when not attached to a conjunction can never go with the subj.

Cp. VII. 28 n.

1. 247. etirovTO. Cp. 11. 114, 1/8 n., also II. 158 n.

1. 249. avros, the nom. in apposition with the subject of ?<f>T).

In Latin it would be 'dixit se ipsum speculaturum esse.' Cp. IV.

286 n.

1. 251. Xijo-ofjiev .. eiri-ireo-c'vrfs, lit. 'we shall escape notice havingfallen upon," i. e.

' we shall fall upon unperceived.' AavOavtiv with a

participle (or a verb with the part, of KayQavoi) may often be translated

by an adverb 'secretly,* 'unawares,' etc., as \a*0cu><u irotaiv or voiu

\aOuiv,' I do it secretly.'

1. 255. tjBTj, 'already,' Lat jam, in 1. 357 'at once,' Lat. jam or

profeclo.

1. 258. Kara Ouv. Remember this has nothing to do with /cora-fltiVai.

1. 259. us Taxicrra. Cp. V. 185 n.

1. 267. aXXa, 'well' Cp. VI. 270. 'E-yw p.v answers to av 8 in

next line.

1. 268. irapa-rttvai TT|V tfxxXa-yYa, 'to extend his line along." 4>a\a-y(

in Xenophon does not mean a compact body of men, but 'a line of battle.*

Cp. VII. 202 n.

1. 270. avrov. Cp. VII. 174 n.

1. 273. diro-SoaOot, the Greek infin. marking design. Lat. ul venderet.

Cp. 1. 227, VII. 90 n.

1. 277. 8 c<|>povTo, imperf., 'which they were carrying' i.e. 'while

they were carrying it.'

1. 278. & olvos, etc. So Ovid, writing from his dreary place of exile

at Tomi, near the mouths of the Danube, says (Tristia, L lo. 23)


'

Udaque consistunt formam servantia testae

Vina, nee hausta meri, sed data frusta bibunt."'

Liquid wine grows solid, keeping the shape of its jar, and they drink

not draughts of wine, but pieces of it.'

1. 279. dir-titatovTa, lit. 'were burnt off," i.e. 'were frost-bitten.' The

imperfect implies the frequency of the occurrence. The expression

'burning' is sometimes used of intense cold, as well as of intense heat.

[So Virgil uses adurere of the north-wind, and Milton in Par. Lost,

ii. 294, says,' The parching air

Burns frore (= frozen) and cold performs the effect of fire.']

1. 280. avroi). Cp. 1. 270 above.

1. 282. dveoraToj, adverb, superl. of avca. Comp. dvoarfpca. Comingbetween the article rfj and its noun /fcw/ij? it has the force of an adjective.

Cp. I. 109 n.

1. 286. tm-Ti9VTai. Cp. VII. 20 n.

1. 289. tjj-iovra duo-OvT|o-Kiv,'to come out and be killed.' 'Airo-

Ofrjaicoj is used for the passive of a-rro-Hrdi CD,'

I kill.'

1. 290. ol irepl TOV Hcvo<f>uvTa, lit.' those about Xenophon (including

himself),' i. e.'

Xenophon and his friends.'

1. 291. 2i\av6s MaKio-rios, a neighbour of Xenophon. This is whyXenophon mentions him here particularly. (See Vocabulary.)

1. 294. ot |iv, 'some.' ol 8t, 'others.' Cp. VII. 161 n.

1. 297. dir-tOave. See note on 1. 284 above.

1. 300. Kot. Think before translating. Cp. I. 21 n.

rpiirXaaCav, i.e. 'three times as much' as he had before the Greeks

joined him.

1. 304. a Xtyoitv, 'what they said,' not 'might say;' the opt. is used

in Greek in a reported speech after a principal verb in the past tense

(tiT-eStiKvvev), where we should use the indicative.

1. 306. OVK-|<}>H, as one word, 'refused.' Cp. IV. 278, 283 n.

aOai,'to avenge himself upon,' i. e.

'

to punish.' Cp. 1.

1. 308. x l-v BIKTJV, lit.' have penalty,' i. e.

' are punished.'

l TOVT<U,'if (as is the case) they will be,' or '

since they will be.'

Cp. VI. 11311.

1. 309. o|XT|povs,' as hostages,' in apposition to TOVS BwaTwrd-

TOVS.

1. 310. KO.KOV TI iroitiv depends on SvvmorraTOVs.

Distinguish tdv, infin. of acu,' I allow,' from lav,

'

if;' also OIKOI,' at

home,' from otvoi,' houses.' Cp. I. 298 n.

1. 314. $js, instead of ty, after air tSoro. The relative is 'attracted'

into the case of its antecedent \tlas. Cp. I. 290 n.

172 NOTES.

1.314. dn-8oTo,' had sold,' being in a minor sentence. Cp. I.

n8n.

Distinguish dno-oiSojfii, 'I give back,''

render/ from dno-SiSonai (mid.),'

I sell.' Cp. 1. 99 n.

1. 316. ir\iov rfjs Xtias, 'more of the spoil* than had produced the

pay for twenty days.

1.319. TrX-ripr) TOV |xur66v, 'the pay in full,1

irkripj), i.e. 'the paywhich you brought would have been in full,

1

being the predicate to ruv

moQuv. Cp. note on TJOVV TOV rpuirov III. 206.

tSvvw, 2nd sing, imperf. of 5iVa/xai, shortened from 5t5nj(a)o.

ECjit] t'Svva),

'if you had not been able.'

1. 320. TOVTOV, sc. TOV fiiaOov.

Kttl dirt'Sou dv, 'you would even have sold.' This is the last of the

four conditional forms given in the note on IV. 113.1. 322. 8i-/3aXX. Cp. I. 12 n.

! 323. o rt, the accus. of respect,'in whatever respect,' i. e.

' as muchas.' on in the next line is

'that.'

1- 3 2 5- *JX0 T<>' From what verb does this come? Cp. VII. 135 n.

1. 326. 8i-KiTO, 'was disposed.' Cp. III. 207 n.

1. 329. irapd ippiovos. The Ionian cities of Asia Minor had sought

Spartan protection from Tissaphemes, who was now avenging himself

upon those who had supported Cyrus in his rebellion (see beginning of

Chap. I.). The Spartans sent out Thibron (or Thimbron) with a large

force to oppose Tissaphemes.! 335- diro-8i8uis, (active voice"*. Cp. 1. 3-14 n.

1. 336. d-n--aiTT|(rov<Ti takes two accusatives, like a factitive verb.

1. 339. diro-8i8oit), was ready to give up.' Cp. 1. 304 n.

t|a{v, imperf. of tvifa. Do not mistake this word for a compoundwith the prep, if .

1. 342. eii),'

was,' not '

might be,' the indirect question of past tense

with irofos after ipajTuvTcuv. Cp. 1. 2140.1- 344- X ^POV "| awry. Understand OTI from the former clause,

'

(that) it was worse for him,' i. e.'

against his interests.' Like tir) in

1. 342, it is opt. of past indirect statement after dirtxpivaro on.

1. 345. Distinguish fj, 'really?' Lat. numl), from fj, 'or,' 'than.' Cp.VII. 201 n.

1. 346. iraw jiv ovv, 'nay, very much (so).' Mtv ovv in answer to a

question states the case more precisely and emphatically, 'nay, rather.'

1. 348. dXXd, 'well, but," i. e. 'well (he may oppose it), but if,' etc.

1. 351. timSdv iSwcriv,' as soon as ever they have seen us.' Cp. VII.

28 n.

1. 355. TOVS AaKwvos, i. e. Charminus and Polynicus (1. 328). As no

stress is laid upon their number, they are spoken of in the plural (cp.


I. i n.) ; but in the next clause, where they form the subject of the verb,

it is T<O AaKwve. This gives a sort of picture of ' the two Laconians'

getting up to speak.1. 356. TU> o8iKT|<ravTi.,

' who has injured.' The article with a participle= a relative pronoun and verb. 'ASi/njcrai'Tj alone would mean,

'

having

injured,' i.e. 'since he has injured.' Cp. I. 261 n.

1. 357. Tifjuop-fjcrco-ee. Cp. 1. 306 above, I. 1510.1. 358. TC . . KO.I. Kat is stronger than ft, 'both., and what is more,'

1 not only . . but more than this.'

1. 360. KaT-T)Ypfyr(dv > /"' part.'to accuse.' Lat. accusatnrus. Cp.

1. 71 n.

1. 361. Kat irdXcu,' even long ago,

1 ' ever so long ago.' Cp. I. 21 n.

1. 363. KO.I vuKTCt KCU -f]fxpav. The stress is on VVKTO.,'

night as well

as day."

1. 364. otiSv, ace. of respect, lit.'

in nothing,' i.e. 'not at all,' 'we

have had no rest at all.'

1. 365. Distinguish \irra, ToOi-ov, 'after him,' from /rd TOVTOV, 'with

him.'

u\Xos Kal aXXos, i. e.' one after another.'

dv-fcmj OJAOUOS,' stood up (and spoke) to the same effect.'

1. 366. tic TOVTOV. Cp. I. 85 n.

1. 367. d\Xd .. (itv, 'well indeed,' or '

nay indeed.' Here the (xv is

not followed by a SJ, because it is connected with dAAd,' but in truth.'

Its position emphasises iravra,' I may well expect any sort of ill- treat-

ment,' etc.

irpos-8oicdv. A compound not of 8o/', ' I seem,' but of an unused

pres. SOK&CO,'

I watch for.' Aovw is the simple verb in use.

1. 368. alrias ?xo,' I have (receive) blame,' i. e. 'I am blamed ;'

hence followed by gen. of agent with viro. As alnao^tai, 'I blame,'. is

itself the middle voice, it can have no pres. pass.

1. 370. The |xv is answered by 81 in /terd S ravra in 1. 372.

y,' at all events I turned back [if I did not show zeal in any other

way].'

Take f\Si\ with J)p|A>i(ivos (perf. pass. part, of opjM<u) t

'

though I had

already started.'

1. 373. ! TTSLcraifAi, 'in case I should persuade,' or ' on condition of

my persuading.'1. 374. OUTOI. Think what this means in the nominative with /?.1. 375. ws Taxio-Ta. Cp. V. 185 n. Xenophon had intended to take

the army across from Perinthus into Asia at the bidding of Anaxibius,

but was prevented by Aristarchus the new governor of Byzantium. See

above, 11. no, 120.

1. 377. wjxds povXojxvovs,' that you were wishing it* The Greeks

174 NOTES.

used the participle after verbs of knowing, etc., to express the fact

known, etc. Cp. II. 108 n.

1. 379. o TI Se'oi, 'what was or might be necessary,' the deliberative opt.

after ôv\tvaai^.fOa, the past of the delib. subj. @ov\tv6nt6a o n Sty.

Cp. 1. 223 n.

1. 380. 8-f| emphasises tvravGa,' then in fine,'

'

then, and not till then.'

Lat. turn demnm.

I. 381. Vrav9a,'

herein,''in this,' = 11* rovrca.

II. 383, 384. "Ov and v|xds are both governed by air-taTfprjKti'ai.

Verbs of depriving in Greek take (i) a double accus., as diro-arfpui at TOI>

HiaOuv, 'I deprive you (o/") your pay;' (2) ace. and gen., as diro-oT(f>u>.

at TOV /j.toduv. Cp. 1. 472.

1. 384. (ATjSc x lv >

' that I have no! even.' The /<7?8e in this and next

sentence should go directly before a.

1. 387. TJcr)(iiv6fAT]v&v 8t|, 'I should (now) certainly (8?)) have been

feeling ashamed,' clif--j\tra.Tr\QT]v,

'

if I had been deceived.' See the four

forms of conditional sentences, IV. 1 1 3 n.

Tro\fii'ou Y - Notice the emphasis, 'if it had been Ity an enemythat.'

1. 388. OVTI, lit.' to me being,' i. e.

'if I am,

1 '

in a case where I

am.'

1. 389. irpos TOVTOIS,' besides this ;' Lat. praeterea, to be distinguished

from Tipus ravra,' therefore ;

'

Lat. propterea.

1. 391. OUK sia, (hnperf. of taw), not merely' would not allow,' but

' was preventing."1. 394. OUK rjv fjp.iv, it was not (possible) for us.'

1. 398. irpos-YtyvTO T\V*V < imperf., lit.' were being added to us,' i. e.

' we found ourselves acquiring.'

1. 399. OUKCTV . . otiBtva,' no longer . . a single enemy.' Two or more

negatives in Greek do not make an affirmative, but a stronger negation.

Cp. II. 59 n.

1. 401. Remember that diropouo-i may be another part of the verb

besides the 3rd pi. pres. ind. Cp. II. 149 n.

cl(jurj

. . ax6c<r6<u,'if he was not giving you so very much pay besides

(irpos), what need was there for you to be distressed ?' i. e.' even putting

aside the question of pay, you had got many advantages from the

alliance with Seuthes.'

1. 405. ayr 8t|,' come now !' Lat. agedum.

KCU;'

also,' not a conjunction joining aytrt with aittyaaOt.

Ttapd ravra,'in comparison with these,' or, as we say,

'

by the side

of these.' [In comparing two things together, you put one beside

the other. Hence wapa-/3oA.^,' a parable? or '

comparison,' in the NewTest.]


1. 406. (Lp[i(6)XT]v, imperf.,' was starting.' Cp. wp^rj/^fvos I. 370 n.

1. 407. KO.I. For the meanings of KOI cp. I. 21 n.

1. 409. OVK dv(i Tr|AiTOv,

'

they would not have been sending me,' the

fourth conditional form, IV. 113 n.

The o\\5,'

otherwise,' = tl /XT) tiriaTtvdp.r]v,'

if I had not been

trusted.'

1. 410. 8ia-pej3\T]n.vos. Cp. I. 12 n.

1. 413. irepl f\ii, lit. 'about me,' i.e. 'in my case,' or '

to me.' Cp.

1.425.1. 414. tnrsp vifiuv KO.I <rvv

vifAiv, etc. Observe Xenophon's tact in his

constant repetition of void's, vpSiv, etc., throughout this speech. Hewished to insist strongly upon the fact that he had been a. fellow-labourer

with them in all their past achievements. [His language in the latter

part of the speech much resembles that of St. Paul to the Corinthians,

in his second Epistle, chap, xii.]

1. 418. OTTOI &v po\iXi](r0, 'wherever you [may] choose ;' lit.' whither-

soever." Compounds of &v have the force of '

ever,' Lat. -cunque, and

always take the subj. Cp. VII. 28 n.

1. 419. STJ emphasises vvv, 'Do you think the present is a fit time?'

etc. Distinguish Kcupos,' a particular time,'

'

occasion," from \p6vos,' time

'

in general.

1.420. ovIATJI', 'certainly not,' goes with t\ty(Tt : ox/'Stv, 'anything

at all.' Cp. 1. 399, II. 59 n.

1. 422. viir-ttrxveia-Ge, the imperf., because it is joined by ical to ticdXei.

Inform it might also be the pres.1. 423. ol vvv TJKovres t^' v^ds, i. c. the Lacedaemonians, Charminus

and Polymcus, who wanted the army. Cp. 1. 331. '</>' v/wis means'

after you,' i.e.' to fetch you.' Cp. VI. 16 n.

1.425. pfArioves, 'any the better' for your treatment of me, by

showing yourselves so ungrateful.

irtpl ep.e. Cp. 1. 413 n.

I. 427. d\X' t|xol [xtv-roi, lit.' well to me however,' i.e.

'in my opinion,

whatever others may think.'

II. 429, 430. For the conversation here "referred to see the section

beginning at 1. 342, p. gS.1. 430. eirj, opt., indirect que&tion, where we use the past ind. Cp.

1. 342 n.

I. 431. eiij, opt., indirect statement, see 1. 344 n.

II. 434, 435. diro-86jxvos, dir-8wKe. Cp. 1. 99 n.

1. 439. cdv o-ioipovcojjLev. Polycrates had said,'

If we are wise, weshall apprehend Heraclides

'

(1. 436). Heraclides, purposely repeatinghis words, says to Seuthes,

' If we are wise, we shall get away as fast as

we can.'

176 NOTES.

I. 440. TOWS IITTTOVS, the article is possessive,'their.' Cp. I. 15 n.

1. 445. \iir-ta-\fro,' had promised.' The aor. in a minor sentence

must often be rendered by the pluperf. Cp. II. 118 n. For the

promises of Seuthes sec above, 11. 154-163.1. 446. iroTspa,

'

[to see] whether,' this being implied in iOvero.

irapd StvOfl. nnpa with dat. = Fr. chez,'

at house of,''

with,' lit.

' beside.'

I. 449. TOVTOV. Cp. I. 85 n.

TToppo), or Trpotrw, lit.' further ;' hence '

far from."

II. 453, 454. d8iKeiT . . vjxiv. Since Medosades is addressing Xeno-

phon as the representative of the army, he uses the plural instead of

uSitfffs and aoi.

1. 458. ov Trapa-KaXto-avTs. Seuthes had not invited Xenophon to

the conference with the Spartan envoys. Cp. 1. 340.

1. 461. irpo-tmoi, opt., in a reported speech, after t\fy(v on, where

we use the indie. Cp. 1. 304 n.

1. 463. uTT-ioijjuv &v . . ?xouv, lit.' we would go away, as soon as

these men should have,' i. e.' we will go away, as soon as these men

have.' The Greeks often employed the opt. with &v as a milder way of

saying' I iw7/,' as \tyoint ar for Aeo>,

' I will speak.' [So also the

2nd pers. of the opt. for the imperative mood, as \(-foi$ iv for \tft,'

speak.'J

1.465. Distinguish the act. n/j.up(ca from the mid. rtftoopfOfMU, 'I

punish.' Cp. I. 151 n.

1. 467. Distinguish eBeiro, imperf. of 5o/tai,'

I ask,' from <8, imperf.of the impers. verb 5f,

'it is necessary.'

1. 469. amwjxevos. Distinguish alriaofiat,'I accuse,' from alrtca,

'

1

ask.'

1. 472. airo-orcp'TJo-ai up,as TOV jiiaOov. For the construction of verbs

of depriving cp. 1. 383 n.

1. 476. a wir-to-xTo. Cp. 1. 445 n.

1. 478. 8.' vjias, 'because of you.' A(' ln&v would be '

by your means?which would also have been true in the present instance, though Xeno-

phon does not exactly say sd.

1.481. us diT-iiiv, 'with intent to depart.' 'Cls with the/;//, part,

denotes a purpose. Cp. II. 70 n.

1. 484. dir-ayayot . . irapa-SoiT],'

they begged him not to depart before

he should have led away the army and delivered it up to Thibron.'

nplv with opt. is used after negative sentences of past time (answeringto irp\v ta> with subj. of present time). The opt. implies it was quiteuncertain when this could be done.

1. 485. Adp-vJ/aKov. See Vocabulary.1. 486. Distinguish dir-avrqi from airavra (i) by the breathing and

VIII. CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. I'J'J

accent, (2) by the i svbscriptum, (3) by the hyphen showing that ait-avra

is a compound of dir6.

1. 488. ?xoi'

had,' not '

might have.' Cp. 1. 342 n.

ccrecrOai p.T)Sc,' that there would not even be.'

1. 489. IKO.VOV WOT* dir-itvai, lit. 'sufficient so as to depart,'1

i.e. 'suf-

ficient to enable him to get away.'ei.Tr6-8oi.To, middle voice. Cp. 1. 99 n.

1. 491. J?Trm|;av, aorist after lircf,' had sent' (II. 118 n.). But ?0vs

(next line), imperf., 'was sacrificing.'

1. 492. I8(ov TO. Upcia, i.e. when Euclides '

inspected the entrails,' he

found unfavourable signs.

1. 493. |AT| X*IV> 'that he had not,' after irtlffoiro.

1. 494. OTI joins oiSo, to tcrrai,'I know that there will be.' The

clause with tav depends on tcrrai, 'there will be, etc., if you intend,' etc.

1. 497. l TJSrj 6v<7i,'

if he had ever sacrificed.' "H8^, Lat. jam,'

already,'' before now.'

1. 498. ovK-?<j)T], as one word, 'denied,' 'said that he had not.' Cp.IV. 270, 283 n.

Ail TO> MeiXixitp,' to Zeus the Gracious.' Though Xenophon had of

course often sacrificed to Zeus, he had never sacrificed to him under

this particular title, and the various attributes of one god were often

personified into separate deities. Thus the dream related in Chap. IV.

42, etc., is said to have come from Zei>s {3acriAetJS, i.e. Zeus under his

title of King.t OTOU, lit. 'from whatever (time),' i.e. 'ever since.'

I. 499. avv-epoijAevio-ev,' advised.' Distinguish the act. trv/ji-fiov-

\(vftv,' to advise,' from the mid. avn-!3ov\tvfff0at,

' to consult.' Cp.IV. 14 n.

II. 503, 504. diT-8orav, act. dir-tSoTO, mid. Cp. 1. 99 n.

1. 508. ITtp-yanov. See Vocabulary.1. 510. Thought-Is has an accent, it means 'a certain one,' not 'who?'

The accent does not belong to it, but is thrown back from O-TVV. Cp.1. 161 n.

1.511. cl c\0ois . . Xd{3ois av,'if you were to come, you might take,'

the third of the four conditional forms given in IV. 1 1 3 n.

1. 515. v iroiT|(Tiv. Eu iTOKiv is to'treat well,' so to '

benefit.'

1. 517. aurov TOV 'Aai8aiT)v,' Asidates himself;'' distinguish this from

TW avTov 'A.<rioaTT)v, 'the same Asidates.* Cp. IV. 190 n.

1. 518. KCLTO. Kpdros, here,'

by storm,' lit. 'according to force.' It

usually means ' at full speed.' Cp. II. 53 n.

1. 520. Si-wpoipvKTo, plup. pass, of Si-opvTT<u,' the breach was com-

pleted.' Distinguish -[lo-OoiAijv,2nd aor. of alaOdvofuii, from ijaOrjv, ist

aor. pass, of 7j8o/ta. Cp. II. 910.N

178 NOTES.

1. 521. TOW t'YYvraTw, sc. ovros, as iyyiis is an adverb. The form of

comparison in -Ttpai and -rarca properly belongs to adverbs ending in

-, as dvu, K&rca (cp. avcararca, 1. 277), but it was used with a few others

besides, as iyyvs, irtpa (irfpairtptu, -Tarca).

1. 522. cocrr IAT|. . ivai,

' so as not to be safe,' i. e.' so as to make it

unsafe.1

"Clare OVK ?jv (indie.) would be,' so that (as a matter offact)

it was not,' or '

therefore it was not.' Cp. VI. 47 n.

1. 523. irdji-iroXXoi, after (K-0or]6ovffi and in apposition with oXXo*,' come to the rescue in great force.'

1. 524. TI-XTIO-IOV, an adverb, but standing between the article and its

noun, it is equivalent to an adjective. Cp. I. 109 ri".

1. 525. diro-xwpoiev,' should get away,' the deliberative opt. after

ffffccnrovv. Cp. 1. 379 n. The direct deliberative would be ITWS dirox<o~

pu>fj.(v (subj.),' how are we to get away ?'

1. 526. Pots, irpopara, dvSpdiroSa, nominatives by attraction into the

relative clause introduced by ocroi, instead of accusatives after Kapuvrts,= \afi6vTfs POVS etc., offoi âav.

1. 528. m-Keijivovs = <7ri-Ti0e/Voi/s. Cp. VII. 20, 221 n.

1. 530. npoxX-fj?. This Procles has been mentioned in Chap. II. 117as having announced the death of Cyrus after the battle of Cunaxa.He was governor of Teuthrania, a district of Mysia, and was descended

from the Spartan Demaratus, who had been driven out by the joint-king

Cleomenes, and had taken refuge at the court of Darius nearly 100 yearsbefore the date of this expedition.

. 534. us (with numerals), lit. 'as it were,' i.e. 'about.'

535- ""1s VVKTOS, gen. of time. Cp. IV. 255 n.

. 542. f-aipcra, 'select portions,' from the mid. al/w'o/xai, 'I choose,'

no from the act. alpica,' I take."

543- 6ipp"v. For Thibron (or Thimbron) cp. 1. 329 n.

. 544. "EXXijviKep, sc. ffTpaTfvftaTt, So TO lirtriK&v, ru Tr(\TaffTtK&y, ri

fltpaiitov, etc.

1. 545. iiroXffxci, imperf.,'

proceeded to make war."

VOCABULARY.

[N.B. Hyphens are used, not on strictly philological principles, but only to drawattention to different elements in the stem of a word, and to show more

clearly the meaning of the compound.]

For lenses of compound verbs not inserted, see the simple verb.

A.

5-po.TOS, -of, impassable, (of a river)

not to be forded, (a, not, andjScuos,verbal adj. of fta-ivta, I go.)

'AppoKop-as, -ov, m. Abrocomas, satrapof Phoenicia, head of Persian troopsbetween the Mediterranean and Eu-

phrates (I. 149).

ofycryciv, ayayuv, 2 aor. infin. and

part, of dyw.ayaOos, -/], -6v, good, brave ; TO,

d-yafld', goods, wealth ; comp. d/te/-

vaiv, f$t\Ti<tiv : superl. apiaros, @f\-TICTOS.

'AYdO-ias, -ov, m. Agasias, a brave

captain from Stymphalus in Arcadia

(VII. 251).

Ayytlov,~ov> n - a vessel, pail.

d-yY^Xo>, I announce, report; fut.

u, I aor. ijyy(i\a, perf. pass.

ayyeXos, -ov, m. a messenger.

d-ytipu, I collect, assemble; i aor.

fjyapa, I aor. pass. tjfipQijV.

d^K-upa, -as, f. an anchor. @a\\(tv

aytcvpav, to cast anchor.

a-yvoa>, / am ignorant; fut. ayvo-

f]ff<a. (a, not, and yvo; root of

fi-yvw-aKW, I learn.)

a-Yvo)(Ji(uv, -ov, senseless, foolish, (a,

not, and yv&fjir], sense.)

iyopa., -as, f. a market-place, pro-visions; a meeting, (aytipu.)

frypios, -fa, -tov, living in the fields,

wild, (d^po*, afield.)

N

uYpos, -ov, m. a field, land; the

country. (Lat. ager.)

aywi I lead, bring; fut. aca, perf.

pass, fjyuat, i aor. pass. Tjx^Vt fut-

pass. dxOriffoiMi, 2 aor. qyayov.

ywatica dytif, to marry (of the

man). (Lat. uxorem ducere.)

ayt, well I come on I

fiiov dyeiv, to lead a life, live.

(Lat. vitam agere.)&v, -wvos, a contest; an assembly.

ai, / contend, rrtpi nvos, for

anything, (ayfav, a contest.)

d-8nrvos, -ov, dinnerless or supperless.

(d, not, and oiimov, dinner or

supper.)

aSeXtf 6s, -ov, m. a brother.

d-8T|\os, -ov, not clear, uncertain.

(a, not, and Sfj\os, clear.)

d-5iKcci>, I do wrong, harm, injure'with ace., fut. d5(ij<ro>, I aor.

TjoiKTjaa, perf. pass. ijS?;/n, I aor.

pass. fjSiKrjdrjv.

d-StKia, -as, f. injustice, wrong, injury.

a-SiKo;, -ov, unjust, unfair, (a, not,

andSlier), justice.)

d-8iKa>s, unjustly, wrongly, (adv. of

aStKO$.)

d-SoXuS) adv. withoutfraud.d-StivaTOs, -ov, unable to do a thing.

(d, not, and ovvarbt, verb. adj. of

Svva/j.a.1, I am able.)

a-Suvorov, impossible; (neut. of dSv-

varos.)

a'Sco, I sing (contracted fromfut. av

i8o VOCABULARY.

oft, (adv.) always, continually ; fromtime to lime.

dTos, -ov, m. an eagle.

'AO-qvui, -uiv, (. Athens, the capital of

Attica.

'AOijvato;, -a., -ov, Athenian.

3.0Xov, -OK, n. a prize.

u0potu, 7 collect, assemble, fut. dO-

ftoiata. (dOpuos.)

alphas, -or, collected, in crowds.

uOdjicu, 7 a?H without courage, I de-

spond ; fut. dOv/tTjffO}. (a, HO/, and

Ovfuus, courage.)

u-OiJfua. -a*, f. ican/ o/ courage, de-

spondency.

a-8up.os, -o>', desponding, (a, o/, and

Ovpos, courage.)

u-0fjp.u>s, despondingly, (adv. of a0D-

jaw.)

aiYiuXds, -oD, m. /Ae sea-shore, beach.

u'l'Ocj, 7 (>/>;<, kindle, (only used in

pres. and imperf. yOov.) (Mid.)

<u0ou,ai, 7 am onfire.

aip.a. -arc*, n. blood.

ai, aly6s, m. and f. a ôaf.

alpe0fis, chosen, I aor. participle pass,

from alpeofiai.

aipcTt'os, !/ t taken, (verb. adj.

from alp(<u).

alpcu, 7 /n/t?, (Mid.) aipt'oiiai, 7

choose; fut. alprfau, perf. yprjica,

perf. pass. rjptjfMi, I aor. pass. TJptOtfv,

2 aor. rAoi>.

aipu), 7 rn/s#, //// /; fut. dpw, I aor.

^pa, perf. ^/)a, perf. pass, fjpftat.

uia0o.vop.ai, 7 perceive, feel, under-

stand; fut. alaOr)ffO(Mt, perf. yaOrjiMi,3 aor. rjaOoiirjv.

Aio-x^s, -on, m. Aeschines, an Acar-

nanian (V. 40).

QicrxCwv, aio'xio'TOS, comp. and superl.of alaxpot.

aiaxpos, -&, -6v, base, disgraceful,

shameful, (alffxoi, shame.)

aiaxvvr), -ijs, f. shame, disgrace, re-

proach, (dlaxo*, shame.)

O'ICTX^VOJ, (Act.) Iput to shame, (Pass.)

cuoxwofxai, 7 am ashamed, withaccus. of the thing: so with infin.

iroifTv, I am ashamed to do it (andtherefore do not do it) ; but with

part, irotui', 7 am ashamed at doingit (but yet do it).

aire'co, 7 ask, request; fut. alrâu,

perf. yrijica, perf. pass. rfrTjfiai.

alxia, -as, f. a canae, a fault, blame;oir/ai/ ex**'' TIVUS, to be accused ofa thing.

aiTiao(j.at, 7 blame, accuse: fut. a?nd-

aop.li (with ace. of person and gen.of thing).

airios, -a, -ov, causing harm, guilty ;

TO ainov, the cause; 6 a'nut, the

accused. (Lat. reus.)

QiXC-ciXojTos. -ov, taken in war,

captive. (al\p:f), a spear, and

d\a>T<5s, verbal adj. of dX/ovro/JOi,7 am taken.)

d-K(5XaoTos, -or, lit. undisciplined,

unpunished* (a, o/, and o\a{<w,7 punish.)

aKovTi, 7 /i/r/ a javelin at one;I aor. j/KuvTiaa.

CIKOVTIOV, -ou, n. a javelin (dim. of

amuy, a rfar/).

UKOVOJ, 7 hear ; diroww cffai, 7 Afar a

report that it is ; d/eovea &v, ovra, 1

hear a report that it (or he) cer-

tainly is; fut. a.KOvaopM.1, I aor.

iJKOvaa, perf. pass. rjKovfffuu.

aKpa, -as, f. a />o//, a/ifa/t-,

a citadel.

a-Kparos, -ov, unmixed, strong (of

wine), (a, not, and xtpavvvfu,! mix )

uKpo-poXitojitti. 7 throw from afar,I skirmish, (dicpos, outermost, and

^dAXoi, 7 throw.)

dxpo-iroXis, -tois, f. /A upper city,

citadel, castle.

, -a, -ov, highest, topmost, TO

aKp6rarov, the highest point, TO,

OKpa, the heights.

, -ou<ra, -ov, unwitting. (&, not,

and iiewv, willing.)

difa), 7 ra/s* the war cry; fut

aXfo>, 7 warrf q^j (with dative) 7

defend; fut. d\fij<rw, I aor. mid.

VOCABULARY. 181

a-\T|0ia, -as, f. truth ; rrj d\r]6(ia, in

truth, in fact. (d\.t)0i)s, trite.)

a-\T)OT)s, -ts, true, (lit. un-concealed,

a, not, and \avOdvta, I escape notice.)

a-Xiflos, -oy, without stones, (a, not,

and \tOvs, a stone.)

'AXio-dpvT), -TJS, f. Halisarne, a townin the Troad.

dXio-Kou;at, 7 am taken (used as the

passiveôf a'tpftu) ; fut. dAicro^cu,

perf. laAcu/m or ffKwita, 2 aor. ta\oiv

or ij\uv.

dXXd, (conjunction), but, well; d\\d

yap, but really ; dAAd ft, but

^still.

a\\T), (adv. really dat. fem. of aKXos,understand 6oS>) in another way.

d\\p Knl O.\\TI, here and there.

o.X\T|\ovs, one another, each other

(wants nom. and sing.).

aXXoflev, (adv.) from another place.

(d'AAos.)

aXXopai, / leap; imperf. f)\\6nr)v,I aor. %\a/j.r)v, 2 aor. f/Ko^riv.

aXXos, -t], -o, another, different. (Lat.

alius.) d\\ot, some others ; oi

aA.Ao, the rest; so rd aAAa, in all

other respects.

oXXoae, (adv.) to another place.

(a\\os.)

dXXoTpius, -a, -ov, belonging to

another, foreign, strange. (a\\ns.)aXXtos, (adv.) (i) in another way,

otherwise : (2) at random.

a.-Koyia'Tos, -ov, unreasoning, (a,

not, and \oyifaiuu, I reason.)

"AXvs, -vos, m. the Halys, the chief

river of Asia Minor (vi. 141).

aX<j>t/rov, -ov, n. barley (generally in

plural a\(f>iTa).

a(i,a, (adv.) at the same time, at once,

together. (Lat. simul.)

ct/ta rj7 fiîpa, at day-break.

afxaâ, -775, f. a waggon.djiaprdva), 7 err, do wrong: with

gen. 7 miss (a mark) ; fut. dfMpTT]-

<ro/j.ai, perf. f)n<zpT7]tca, 2 aor. ^/xa/>-

rov, I aor. pass. -^naprrjOrjv.

, -arc*, n. a fault, mistake.

d-(j.ax', (adv.) without fighting, (a,

not, and fM\r), fight.)

ajxcivov, adv. of dfntivasv.

dfmvcov, better, braver, used as comp.of dyados.

d-|X\crT<pov, comp. of d/j.t\G>s, more

carelessly, somewhat carelessly.

d-jieXdjs, (adv.) carelessly, (d, not,

and /iAf, it is a care.)

d|iiXXdo|xai, 7 contend, struggle: fut.

d/j.i\\rjaofMt. (cifM\\a, a contest.)

elfiireXos, -ov, f. a vine.

d|xi)va), 7 ward off, defend, with dat.

In middle dp.vvojxai, with accus.

7 ward off from myself, punish ;

fut. dfMJvca, I aor. TJ/J.VVO..

dfjKJH, (with gen. and ace., never with

dat. in Attic prose), lit.' on both

sides' (dfjt<po>, Lat. ambo, 'both,' sc

Lat. amb- in amb-ire.) I. with

gen. about, as dia.-(p(p(a0ai d/ûTWOS, to quarrel about a thing.IF. with ace. (i.) around, near, with,

especially of persons, as of du(pl

Kvpov, Cyrus and his attendants

(lit.' those around Cyrus') ; (ii.) of

things, about, concerning; (ill.) of

time, about, as d/i</>i jj.taas vvKrat,about midnight; (iv.) of numbers,as

uf.i<l>lrovs Stff-î\lovs, about

2000. In Composition dfjupl mostlymeans, on both sides, around, about.

du.4>6Tpos, -a, -ov, both. (Lat. ambo.)

d(i<j><m'p9v, (adv.) on both sides.

uiicjju), -oiv, both.

dv, conditional particle, lit. 'in that

case:' I. with opt. AWJ di*, 'hewould loose'' (if something were to

happen). II. with aor. indie. tXvatv

dV, he would have loosed (if some-

thing had happened). III. when

compounded with relatives or rela-

tive particles, as 8s &V, whoever,

or-av, whenever, (dv (for fl b.v),

if ever. Compounds of dv can only

go with the subj.

uvd, (with accus. only), lit. up (cp.

dvoj, 'upwards'): I. of place, along,

throughout, on; dvd TT)V n6îv,

VOCABULARY.

through the city : II. of manner, at

the rate of; dvd itpdrot, up to one's

strength, i.e. at full speed: III. of

numbers, at the rate of; dvd (narov,

100 each. In Composition, up,

again, back.

dva-f3a(vu>, 7 go up, ascend, mount,

go on board ; fut. -&ijo'op.a.i, perf.

-/StflrjKa, 2 aor. dv-ffirjv.

dvd-/3a(n.s, -ecus, f. a going up, an

expedition into the interior.

dva-ôdu, 7 cry aloud, shout; fut.

av-a.YYXAw, 7 bring back news, re-

port ; fut. -ayytXcD, I aor. -r)yyti\a.

dva-YiYvt")'Kw

. I understand, recog-

nise; read; 2 aor. dv-tyvcuv.

dvaYKd(i>, Iforce, compel ; fut. 0^07-Kafftu, I aor. pass. Qvay/caaOTjv.

dvayKaios, -ov, necessary, needful.

dvaYKT), -ijs, f. necessity, need.

dva-Yvovs, 2 aor. participle of dva-

yiyvuffKca.

dv-a-Yu), 7 lead up, bring tip; 2 aor.

dvrjyayov, i a'or. pass. -Tixfy"- (Mid.)

av-d.Yop.ai., 7 put to sea. (dva,, up,and dyoj, I lead.)

dva-Oopvpe'cj, 7 cry o/ loudly, ap-

plaud, (di'd, up, i. e. aloud, and

66pv@as, noise.)

dva-Ka((o, 7 kindle; fut. dva-ffauo'a;.

dva KOIVOCO, I communicate (somethingto another) ; fut. dva-xoivdiaca.

uva-Koptfu), 7 carry /^, s/ore ; I aor.

, 7 cry aloud; fut. apa-

, 2 aor. dv-^Kpayor.va), 7 /n&

t//>, recover; fut.

âi, perf. dv-tiXT/cfa, a aor.

dva-Xd|iiro>, 7 Woze w/, tote /fre;

fut. (ii'fi-Aiiî/'cu.

dv-aXCo-Kw, 7 spend, squander; fut.

op-aAaVo/jat, perf. dV-^XaiKa.

dva-jivw, 7 wait for; fut. dfa-iicva;, I

aor. dv-ifjuiva.

ava-|xi|ivT|(rK(i>, (Act.) I remind, (Mid.)

dva-jxip.vTio-Kop.ai, Iremember; fut.

'Ava|iî,os, -ov, m. Anaxibius, *

Spartan admiral,

dvo|vptScs, trousers, (probably a

Persian word).dva-iravw, (Act.) 7 make to cease,

stop, (Mid.) dva-TraxJo(a.ai, 7 cense,

rest.

dva-ireTavwp.1, 7 spread out, open ;

fut. dva-irtrdcrca.

dv-dpioTos, -ov, without breakfast.

(a, not, and apiarov, breakfast?)

dv-apudjo), 7 snatch up, plunder;fut. dv-apirdftu, or dv-a/JTrdcrcu.

dv-apxii. *, f- /a/ ofgovernment,lawlessness. (a, not, and dpxîrw/e).

dva-rrp<j)to, 7 /; upside down, re-

turn, (of an army) rally; fut. dya-

OTptyu, 2 aor. pass, av-fffrpdfprjv.

dva-Tiv&>, 7 stretch upwards, extend ;

fut. ara-TfP, perf. dva-Ttraxa, perf.

pass. dva-Ttraftai.

dva-Ti0T|p.i, 7 /ny j//>,se/

i//>, deposit ;

fut. dca-0)7<ra>, I aor. dv-tOrjica.

dva-<|>6VY(>>> I escape; fut. dva-<ptv-

o[i.ai, 2 aor. dv-t<f>vyov.

dva-cfipovcci), 7 recover my senses ; fut.

o, 7 retire, retreat, withdraw;fut. d

<iva-x<jjpiu>, 7 cflwse /o retire, draw

off; I aor. av-tx.<jopiaa..

dvSpd-rroSov, -ov, i\. a slave taken in

war. (Lat. mancipium.)

a.v-tyilpd>, I wake up, rouse ; fut.

dv-tyfpSj, i aor. act. dv-riyttpa,1 aor. pass. dv-rjyfpO-qv.

dv-iiriv, to proclaim, (dpd, (iirtiv

2 aor. infin., <prjfu.)

uv-eK-irip.irXT|p.i, IJill up again; fut.

dv-(K-ir\'fi<TQ>.

av-cKpaYOV, 2 aor. indie, from dva-

imperf.

avtv, (prep.) without. (Lat. sine.)

dv-x<<>, / AoW up, put up with, en-

dure; fut. dv-la) or

2 aor.

VOCABULARY. 183

dv-T|KW, 7 come up to, extend up-wards.

dvT|p, dvopos, m. a man, (Lat. vir.)

dvfjp, man, opposed to woman.

dvOpcvTros, human being, opposedto beast.

u.v--f\\fa]v, I aor - Pas$ - of dr-d-yw.

dv0-io-nrjjti, (Act.) 7 se/ against,

(Mid.) dv6-i(rra|xai, 7 oppose; fut.

di/Tt-ffTijtrcy, perf. av&-(ffT7]Ka, 2 aor.

avr-iarrjv, (avrl, against, and

'iffTTjfii, I set up.)

dvOptoTTivos, -ov, (adj.) human (avOpca-

iroi).

dvOpumos, -ov, m. a man. (Lat.Aomo).See dvf|p.

dvido), 7 grieve, hurt; fut. d^-jaaa;,

I aor. pass. TjvtaOijv. (dvta, grief.)

dv-iT)|, 7 send up, let go; fut. d>-

rja<a, I aor. dy-i}tfa, perf. av-tuca.

dv-icrrr](u, (Act.) 7 se/ up, (Mid.)

dv-Urra|uu, 7 rise up, stand up.

So also 2 aor. act. &y-ion\Tftand

perf. and pluperf. act. are intransitive.

dv-iaxw = av-fxca, intrans. 7 rise (as

the sun).

dv-ovyii), or dv-oiYWju, 7 open ; fut.

av-oitu.

'AvravSpos, -ov, f. Antandrus, a cityin the Troad (VIII. 506).

dvTi,(with gen. only), I. over against,opposite ; II. z' return for, instead

of. In Composition, against, ex-

change. (dvrl, against, must be

distinguished from Lat. ante, before;dvrl probably meant originally,'before the face of.')

'AvTi\e'o)v,-oj'Tos, m. Antileon, a soldier

from the Greek colony of Thurii in

Italy (VI. 2).

dvrios, -a, -ov, opposite; often with

itVui, f\avvtiv, etc. ;

' to go, ride,

etc., against the enemy.'

dvTi-irapa-<TKvd5o(i.oi )7 prepare my-

self in turn; fut. -dero/xat, perf,

avTi-irapa-rciTTw, 7 draw up op-

posite, I range in battle against;fut. -T<iw, perf. -Tc

dvTi-4>vXaTTU), (Act.) 7 watch in turn,

(Mid.) 7 am on my guard againstone; fut. -tpv\dca.

dvTp-a>8T)s, -es, cavern-like, full ofcaves, (avrpov, a cave, and tiSos,

form.)dvw, (adv.) upwards. Comp. dva>-

Tfpoi, superl. dvcardro). Sometimesas a prep, with gen. above.

dvutOev, (adv.) from above, from the

interior (of a country).

dia, -as, f. worth, value.

dîvT], -?;s, f. an axe. (dyvvît, I break.)

uios, -a, -ov, worth, worthy ( with

gen.) ; aftov fffri (Lat. operae

pretium est), it is worth while;iro\\ov agios, valuable.

dioo>, 7 think it right, claim, ask,

with gen. of person, (agios, worthy.)

dcov, -ovos, m. an axle.

dir-a-yY^M*** I bring back word,

announce, report; fut. dir-ayyû,1 aor. dir-r)yy(i\a.

dir-aYw, / lead away, bring back;2 aor. dir-rj-yayov.

dir-a'YfoY |]> -^s, f. a leading away,withdrawal.

aTf-airew, 7 demand back : i aor. dtr-

T/TJJO-O.

dir-aXXaTTW, 7 get rid of: (intrans.)

7 get off: (Mid.) 7 depart; fut.

-a\\d(a, perf. pass. -iÂAa-y/wu.

diraXos, -77, -6v, soft to the touch,

tender, (amoral, I touch.)

aTr-avrdw, (with dat.) 7 come to meet,

encounter; fut. 6.v-avrr]<jtu, I aor.

dir-rjvrrjffa.

aira|, (adv.) once. (Lat. semel.)

d-iropdaKevos, -ov, unprepared, (a,

not, and irapaaxfv^, preparation.)

a-iras, -aaa, -av, all together, (dfia,

together, and was, all.)

dir-t8pav, 2 aor. of diro-SiSpdfffcea.

d-ireiOeo), I disobey, (a, not, and irtiffo-

(Mt, I obey.)

direvXtw, 7 threaten; fut. d7riXi7<T<u,

I aor. fiirti\T]ffa.

aTT-eip.i, 7 g-o awa^, depart, (airo, and

t?/ii,

1 84 VOCABULARY.

uir-eiju, 7 am away, am distant, (dir6

and ?/*2, 7 am.)

iTr-eKpivdiJiTjv, I aor. of dno-HpivofMi.d-Tr-cXa-uvw. 7 drive away; (jntrans.)

7 inarch away, ride away,

dir-tpxK.<n, 7 go away, depart; for

the fut. air-tipi, 2 aor. aTr-tjAfloi'.

dir-exOdvojxat., 7 am hated, become

odious; fut. dir-f)(0-f}ao^tai, 3 aor.

o.TT-rjxôfj.rjv, perf. a-n-ri\Or)iJ.ai.

dir-X<>, (with gen.) 7 foe/> o^, (of a

place) am distant front ; 2 aor.

aWtrxoi'.

UTT-TI\Xcvyp.<u, perf. pass, of air-

dir-T|VTT]aa, I aor.

d-irierria), 7 disbelieve, din/rust, (a,

not, and marts, belief.)

d-mcma, -as, f. disbelief, faithlessness.

d-irioros, -os, -ov, untrustworthy, un-

faithful. (a, not, and iriaros, trust-

worthy.)

dir-tTt'ov, oe must go away (verbal

adjective from dn-dfu).

a.ir6, (prep, with gen. only); (Lat. ab):I. of place, off from, away from.II. of time, from, after, since: III.

of origin and cause, proceeding from,as dir6 iro\/W <pofio$, fear caused

by the enemy. Before an aspiratedvowel ano becomes d<j>', as dtp?

fairov, on horseback, lit.' from his

horse.' In Composition, from, off,

away.

a7ro-(3aCva>, (i) 7 away, go off: (2)dismount (iirirov): (3) disembark

(i'(ua) ; 1 aor. drr-iflijv, fut. d>ro-

diTo-piXXo, 7 throw away, lose;

fut. dao-{ia\>, 2 aor. dir-t(ia\ov.

diro-pXirw, 7 look eagerly.

airo-Se'SpaKo, perf. act. of dwo-5i5/?d-ffxta.

iiro-8tiKW(iv, 7 point out, declare,

appoint; fut. diro-o(i<a.

airo-SxH'at>I accept; fut. diro-5-

^w, 7 am abroad, go abroad.

(dito, away, and Sfjôs, home.)

diro-8i5pao-Kw, 7 run away, escapt

(so as not to be found) ; fut.

-Spdffo/j.ai, perf. -SfSpaxa, a aor.

dn-tSpaf.

diro-8i8u>(jii, (Act.) 7 give back,

restore, (Mid.) I sell, fut. -owaai, perf.

-otouHa, 2 aor. mid. dit-toofjiriv.

diro-Spdvai, 2 aor. infiu. of diro-ot-

opdafca).

diro-0vT|crK<i), 7 die, I am put to death ;

fut. -Oavovpat, perf. -rtOvrjiea, 2 aor.

dir-iQavov. It is used instead of

the passive of diro-KTtivco, I kill.

aTr-oiKOs, -ov, away from home, (dirb,

and ofos home) ; hence a colonist.

diro-Katw, 7 burn off; dir-fKaiovTO at

ptvts, their noses were being frozen

off (or frost-bitten) ; fut. -tcavoca.

diro-Ka(A.v(i>, I grow quite weary, faint;fut. -Kafiovpat, perf. -KfKfirjKa, 2

aor. dir-tKa.fi.ov.

d,iro-Kpivop,ai, 7 answer, reply; fut.

-Kpivovpai, I aor. -fKpivaftrjv, perf.

diro-KptiirTa), (Act.) 7 A/rfe /rom(Mid.) I conceal; fut. -K/JI/I/W, I aor

.

diro-KTtivw, 7 />/ /o death, kill; fut.

-/fTtvcu, i aor. aTr-e'/rreii'a, a aor.

air-fKravov. [For the Pass, diro-

6vqaK<a is used.]

diro-Xa|xpdvu, 7 /a^< fcaet, receive

back, recover; fut. -\îf/ofuii. perf.

dn-(i\rj<pa, a aor. a.-n-i\a$ov.

diro-Xi-irw, 7 /esve behind, desert,

abandon ; fut. -\tl\fxu, perf. -Xe'A.ojira,

2 aor. aTr-ÂtTroK.

dir-6XXv|ii, (Act.) 7 destroy, kill,

(Mid.) I perish; fut. dtr-oAd), I aor.

dir-oAtffa, a aor. mid. dir-oa\6fii]v,2 perf. dw-(5Xtu\a, 7 am undone.

'AiroXXwv, -<ovot, ace. 'A7r<5A.Ao>, m.the god Apollo.

airo-TTpir, 7 sendoff, discharge;

fut. -ntfjif/u.

airo-irXtw, 7 sa// away; fut. -jrAtCxro-

/(. I aor. air fn\(Vfra.

d-Tropo>, 7 am without resources, amin difficulties (a-nopot).

VOCABULARY. 185

i-iropCa, -as, f. difficulty, distress.

(rpofpfjs diropta, want offood.)

d-Tropos, -or, (i) without resources;

(2) of rivers, etc., impassable;iv diropois tlvai, to be in difficul-

ties.

dno-ppib|, -ujyos, broken off, steep,

rugged. (OTTO, off, and p'qyvvfu,I break).

diro-(r]iro(Jiat, 7 rot off, am frost-

bitten ; 2 perf. diro-ffttnjna.

onro-tnraco, / draw away, draw off";

fut. atraacu, perf. a-n-iaiiaKa, perf.

pass, -eairaa/mi.

aTro-crTavpou), 7 fence off with a

palisade; fut. -aravpuffa}. (aravpos,a palisade,)

diro-CTTX\w, 7 send away, despatch ;

fut. -ffTt\w, i aor. a7r-o"Te\a.

diro-aTepeco, 7 ro&, deprive of; (withace. and gen. or with double ace.) ;

perf. air-tareprjKa.

d/iro-crTp'4>w, 7 turn back, recall; fut.

-ffTptif/aj, perf. dn-fffTpofpa.

diro-awjluj, 7 sflve or restore again,

bring back safe.

diro-Ta<}>pevco, 7 fence off with aditch, (racppos, a ditch.)

airo-reCvco, I stretch out, extend; fut.

-revw, I aor. dir-tTttva, perf. pass.

diro-Te'fiVw, 7 cw/ q^V fut. -Tf/ia), perf.

-TeT/i?;a, I or. pass. dn-eT/j.T]Or)v,

2 aor. dir-fTa/j.ov.

diro-Tpirco, 7 /z^r 6aci, /

perf. -Tirpo(pa, perf. pass, -re

fiai,

airo-TpXu ^ funoff, run away;

fut. -opapoviMiif a aor.

diro-(j)avo). Ishow, display; fut. -tpavw,I aor. aTT-e'^Tji'o. (Mid.), 7 declare

cLtro-fyevyia, I escape ; fut. -<pevonai,2 aor. dn-t<pvyov.

dir6-<J>T^vai, I aor. imp. middle of diro-

rttreat.

tw, / depart from, retire,

air-toy, -Svrot, distant; pres. part, of

dir-eifu II.

apa, (particle), so, therefore, then.

(Lat. igitur.)

apa, = Lat. HW, in asking a question,as opd IOTJ, zs iV so f

'ApapCa, -as, f. Arabia, used of all

countries inhabited by nomad Arabs,

so even of the south of Mesopota-

mia, still called Irak-al-Arabi.

d-p-yos, -ov, idle, lazy, (d, not, and

ipybv, work.)

dp-yos, -17, -of, white, bright.

dpyvpcos, -a, -ov, made of silver.

dpyupvov, -ov (dim. of dpyvpos), silver,

money. [Cp. the French argent.~\

, -ov, m. silver.

Tj, -rjs, f. virtue, excellence, bravery.

'Apialos, -on, in. Ariaeus, who com-manded under Cyrus, but went over

to the Persians after Cyrus' death.

dpiOfJios, -oO, m. number (of an army),a muster.

'Apurrapxos, -ov, m. Aristarchus, the

Spartan' harmost

'

or governor of

Byzantium (Constantinople).

dpio-Tato, 7 breakfast, lunch ; fut. dpi-

GTr\<j<a. (Lat. prandeo.)

dpi0Tpos, -d, -6v, the left. (iv

dpiffrtpa, on the left hand.)

apiorov, ov, n. the morning or mid-

day meal, breakfast, lunch.

dpi(TTO-irouo>, (Act.) I prepare break-

fast or lunch, (Mid.) 7 breakfast,lunch ; fut. -Trotr/aca.

apio-Tos, best, used as superlative of

dya06s.

'Apio-Tiivujios, -ov, m. Aristonymus,a brave Arcadian captain (V. 265).

"ApKas, -d5os, an Arcadian.

dpKb>, 7 am sufficient, avail; fut.

dprctffoi.

dpKTOS, -ov, m. and f. a bear, the

constellation ' Ursa Major," or the

Great Bear, hence the north.

upjia, -arcs, n, a chariot.

dp|x-ilââ, -rjs, f. a covered carriage,

waggonette.

'Ap(j.tviu, -as, f. Armenia, the cold

i86 VOCABULARF.

mountainous country near the

sources of the Euphrates.

'App.T)VT|, -775, f. Harmene, harbour of

Sinope (VI. 371).

apjioo-njs, -oO, m. an officer sent bythe Spartans to govern their depen-dencies, a governor,

' harmost.' (dp-

pofa, I put in order.)

apTfa-yf], -rjs, f. plunder, booty.

dpirdfu), I seize, plunder, carry off;

fut. ap-naau, perf. pass. TJpnaffnat.

'Apirucros, -ov, m. the river Harpasus,

perhaps a branch of the Armenian

Araxes, now the Arpa-Chai. Orthe Tchoruk-Su, flowing north-

westward into the Euxine near the

modern town of Batouni. (Seenote to V. 277).

'ApraYtpo-qs, -ov, m. Artagerses, a

general of the Persian cavalry whomCyrus killed (II. 73).

'ApTa^t'p^Tjs, -ov, m. Artaxerxes II,

Mnemon, the son of Darius II,

Nothus : king of Persia 405-360,B.C. (Artaxerxes I, Longimanus,preceded Darius II.)

"ApTairaTijs, -ov, m. Artapa/es, one of

Cyrus' attendants (I. 278).

"ApTtjus, -c5os, f. : (i) the Greek

Artemis, Roman Diana, sister of

Apollo, armed with arrows : (2)the Ephesian Artemis, an Asiatic

Venus.

dp-TV, (adv.) just now, lately.

dpros, ov, m. bread, a loaf.

"Apvoras, ov, m. Arystas, an Arca-

dian (VIII. 207).

dpx<uos, -a, -ov, old, ancient; b

apxaios, the elder; TO a.p\<uov,

formerly, (dpx*)> beginning,)

dpXT, -?s, f- (l) beginning; (2) rule,

dominion, government, province.

dpx<, (Act.) I command, (Mid.) 7

begin ; ol dpxovrft, the rulers; fut.

apfa, perf. %>x-d-o-pijs, -it, ungodly, impious, (a,

not, and fft&o/ja.i, I worship.)

d-crOtvt'u), 7 am weak, am sick, am ill.

(a, not, and aOtvita, I am strong.)

'Ao-id, -as, f. Asia, or rather the

western part of Asia then known,divided bv the river Halvs.

'AoT.8cmr]s, -ov, m. Asidales, a Persian

noble (VIII. 510).

'Aowaios, -a, ov, Asinean, or be-

longing to Asine, a town in Laco-nia near Taenarus.

d-criTOS, -ov, without food, (d, not,

and airos,food.)

do-Kos, -ov, m. a leather-bag, a bottle.

dcrjievos, -77, -ov, pleased, glad, joyful.

do*trdo|j.ai, I welcome, embrace, bid

farewell; fut. doTrdao/MU.

do-rrCs, -j'Sos, f. a large shield, coveringthe whole body. (Lat. clypeus.)

d-cr4>a\ict, -as, safely (d-ovpaXjjs).

a-o-4>a\T|S, -is, safe, lit.' not liable to

trip.' (d, not, and o~<f>d\\oa, I trip

up.)

d-cr<f>aAws, safely, (adv. of aff<pa\rii.)

O-TOKTOS , -ov, undisciplined, in disor-

der, (d, not, and rarroi, I arrange.)d-ro|ia, -as, f. want of discipline,

disorder.

drdp, but, however, (conj.) introducinga correction of what has been said

before. (Lat. at.)

d.T(j.i5a), 7 steam or smoke, (arôt,

steam.)

a-rpv{3T|S, -ft, untrodden, lit. 'not

rubbed.* (d, not, and Tpi0cu, I rub.)

ov, (adv.) again; on the contrary;moreover.

ovidts, (adv.) again.ou\c(i>, 7 play on the flute. (av\o,

a flute.)

a\j\io|Aai, 7 am in the courtyard or

the open air, I bivouac. (avAT), a

courtyard); fut. avAiao/iai, pert

fiv\iff(uu, I aor. pass. rju\'iaOrjv.

aOXds, -ov, m. a flute, flageolet.

(nrjfu, I blow.)

audvci>, 7 increase; fat. av 170*0/401,

perf. ijvfaica. (Lat. augeo, in trans-

itive sense.)

avpiov, (adv.) to-morrow.

auruco, (adv.) immediately; avrina

/toAa, instantly.

VOCABULARY. i8 7

avr60v, (adv.) from the spot.

auToOi, (adv.) on the spot.

auTO-jiaros, -77, -ov, acting of oneself,

of one's own account, spontaneous ;

in TOV avro-fidrov, naturally.

auTo-p-oXo?, -ov, m. a deserter.

(O.VTOS, of oneself and no\tiv, 2 aor.

Of 0\aKQ}, I gO.)

O.UTOS, -17, -6, (reflex, pron.) self;

6 avros (atros), the same, neut. TO

avrb, contr. raurov.

atrrov, (adv.) there.

auxV> ~*vos>m - neck, also a neck of

land, isthmus.

a4>-cupsa>. (Act.) 7 lake away, (Mid )

1 rescue ; fut. -aiprjau, perf. -rjprjKa,

2 aor. d<-(Aoi'.

d-4>avifco. / en?/se to disappear, putout of the way. (d, not, and <paivoj,

1 show.)

a.4>-\ccr0ai, d<|>-eX6|j.vos, 2 aor. mid.

infin. and part, of a<p-aipiia.

d(J>-T|cru>, fut. act. of a<p-ir)fju.

d-4>9ovia, -as, f. abundance, plenty.

(a-(pOovos.)

a-4>0ovos, -ov, ungrudging, plentiful.

(a, not, and <f>86vos, grudge.)

d4>- (TJ fit,7 senrf away, dismiss, let go.

(O.TTO, away, and HJ/M, / send) ; fut.

d(p-âa>, I aor. dxf>-rJKa, perf. d^>-

ffAfa, perf. pass. d<p-(?fMi.

d(j>-iKVOfi.ai, 7 come to, arrive, reach ;

fut. a<-<'o;MZ, perf. pass, d^-f-yâj,2 aor. axp-iKOfjajv.

d<j>-icrTqfii, (Act.) 7 />w< away, set

aside; fut. aTro-OTTjuoi, I aor. OTT-

tffrrjaa, Mid. and intrans. tenses of

Act. 7 s/a/rf q^", revolt, 2 aor. dw-

fffrrjv, perf. a<f>-(<TTi)Ka.

d-4>po)v, -o^, without sense, silly, (d,

o/, and </>p/i', sense.)

'Axavos, -d, -w, Achaean, a na'ive of

the north coast of Peloponnesus.

uxOojiai, 7 am displeased, am vexed ;

fut. dx0effo/.iat, perf. ijxOrjuat, I aor.

pass. f)x.6t<jOijv.

B.

Ba.pv\(iv, -wi/os, f. Babylon, on the

Euphrates, the capital of the Persian

Empire.

Baj3vXcovia, -a, f. Babylonia, the

flat country between the Tigris and

Euphrates in their lower course.

BapuXiovtos, -a, -ov, Babylonian.

Pd8r)v, (adv.) slou'ly. (Qaivca, I go.)

(3aSico, 7 walk slowly (opposed to

rpe'xw, 7 run).

Pa6vs, -da, -v, deep.

Paivco, 7 go, depart; fut. $JJ<TO/U,

perf. 0e@rjKa, 2 aor. I/SJJK.

paKTrjpCa, -as, f. astaff".

pdXXco, 7 throw, hit (with stones) ;

fut. /JaAcD, perf. )3e)3Xj;*a, perf. pass.

I3f^\rjfj.at, 2 aor. e0a\ov.

pap{3apiKos, -17, -oJ', barbarian (ap-

plied to all who did not speak

Greek).

Pappapos, -ov, strange, barbarian,

foreigner (not Greek).

Paptcos, (adv.) heavily; fiaptcustyiptiv

TI, to be annoyed at, to take a thingill. /3. dKoixiv, to be annoyed at

hearing.

Pds, 2 aor. part, of fiaivoi.

pacriXeia, -as, f. a queen.

pacriXcia, -as, f. kingly power,

kingdom, sovereignty.

, -ov, of or belonging to a

king, royal (@aai\tvs) ; (3acrtXaov

(5o>/xa), a palace, gen. in plural,

vs, -ecus, m. a king.va), 7 am king, I reign ; fut.

fiao-i\(vff<u.

pdcri|Aos, -ov, passable, (fta-ivo), I go.)

pepXT)p.ai, perf. pass, of /SdAAcy.

pf'Xos, -ovs, n. a missile, dart, arrow.

(/3dA\w, 7 throw.)

PXTWTTOS, best, used as superl. of

dyaOus ; comp. PXTIU>V, better.

Pf||xa, -arcs, n. a step, pace ( = 30inches).

PTJVO.I, 2 aor. infin. act. from paivca.

PIO., -as, f. force, violence; /3ia, by

force.

i88 VOCABULARY.

{3ido|xai, I force, compel; fut. /Stdao-

(Mi ; perf. /3j3/aa><ai.

piaios, -ov, and -a, -ov, forcible,

violent. (j3/a,/orce.)

Bv9woi, -Siv, in. /Ae Bithynians, Thra-

cian colonists in Asia Minor, East of

the Bosporus (VIII. 162).

PIOS, -ov, m. life.

PiOTtuu. / live, pet a living.^

T *o o^

Bio-av&T), -r/s, f. Bisanthe, a town in

Thrace on the Propontis, after-

wards called Rhaedestus, whence its

modern name Rodosto. It is one

of the best harbours on the northern

coast of the Sea of Marmora.

pXaKcucu, 7 am slack, am lazy.

pXdirTW, 7 hurt, injure; fut. /SAa^cu,

perf. pass. /3'/3Aa^/u, I aor. pass.

v, 2 aor. pass, t/SAdySi/f.

o, 7 see, look, behold; fut.

P\i]6iT|v, I aor. pass. opt. of /SdAAcu.

Podu>, 7 shout; fut. fioriaofiai, I aor.

/3o?;cra.

POT), -i}, f. a shout, battle cry.

P<>T]0t(<>, 7 rw to Me rescue, assist;

fut. f3oT)6riau.

Boiumos, -a, -of, Boeotian, or inhabi-

tant of Boeotia.

pdOpos. -ov, in. a <#/eA, trench.

povXevw, (Act.) 7 devise a plan,

(Mid.) 7 ta&e counsel, deliberate,

resolve; fut. ()ov\fvaa). (/3o/A^,

cows/.)Pov-Xiîiato, 7 suffer from ravenous

hunger; fut. /3ow-Aiîd(ra>. (0oCs,a o*, Ai/xus, hunger.)

povXofxai, 7 //sA, desire ; fut. /3oi/Aij-

oo^tai, perf. /3(/3ovAij/M((.

POVS, /Sods, m. and f. an ox, cow.

ppu6tojs, slowly, adv. from (ifxiovs,

slow.

Ppax^s, -<ra, -{/, short. Comp. /3/>a-

\vrtpot, super). ftpaxvraTos.

pptX^, 7 we/; perf. pass,

I aor. pass. it3pf\0i)i>.

Ppovrfj, -^*, f. thunder.

PpiDTOS, -17, -of, eatable; TO

/ooci (verb adj. of j8pwcr*w,

BvavTiov, -ot;, n. Byzantium on the

Bosporus (the modern Constantino-

ple), so called after its founder, Byzasof Megara.

P<S, 2 aor. subj. from patvaj.

P<op.6s, -ov, m. a raised place, an

altar.

r.

YctXTJvTj, -T]S, f. a calm.

yap, /or = 76 apa, never at the be-

ginning of a sentence, like Lat.

enim ; KCU yap, for also, for even.

ravXiTrjs, -ov, m. Gaulites, an exile

from the island of Samos (I. 300).

y, at least, indeed, in truth.

ytyivT]\>.a.i, perf. from yiyvofuu.

YEITWV, -ofos, m. and f. a neighbour.

YeXdio, 7 laugh ; fut. ytAdo'o/iaj, 1

aor. t"yAa(ra.

YfXus, -euros, laughter. (yt\a<u, 1

laugh.)

y*Xa>ro-iroi6s, -of, producing laughter,a buffoon. (yt\cas, laughter, and

rroieoj, 7 make.)

yvos, -ovj, n. 6/r/A, race, descent,

offspring, (yiyvoftat, I am born.)

yppov, of, n. a wicker shield (coveredwith oxhide).

ytptuv, -ofros, m. an old man.

yvw, (Act.) 7 give to taste; (Mid.)7 taste; fut. ytvaopcu.

yifyvpa., -at, f. n bridge.

YW&T|S, '*! earth-like, earthy, (yij,

earth, and tlbos, form.)

YT, 7^s, f. //ie earth, land, country.

YtYvo lJlal

>^ come n/o being, am born,

become; fut. yfvrjffOfMt, perf. -yt-

ytvTjpai, 2 aor. iy(vo^r]v, 2 perf.

yiyova. yfVfaOat, to prove one-

self by act (to be distinguished from

**fa, to be).

YIYVWCTKW, 7 get a knowledge of, learn,

judge ; fut. yvuffoftat, perf. tyvcuKa,3 aor. eyi'cov.

FXoOs, -oD, m. G/K5, the son of

Tamos : he accompanied Cyrus, and

then joined Artaxerxes (II. 117).

us, 2 aor. part, of yiyt>MOK<v.

VOCAEULARY. 189

yvAu,t|, -rjs, {.judgment, sense, opinion,intention.

yvobcrofiai, future of yiyvojOKta.

FoYY^Xos, -ov, m. Gongylus, a Eu-boean from Eretria, who had been

presented with Pergamus by Xerxes

(VIII. 509).

yoveus, -teas, a father. In plural ot

yovtis, parents.

Ypa<j>o>, I write; fut. ypwf/<a, perf.

ytypatya, perf. pass. itypaftficu.

Yvfivaoj, / train, exercise, practise;fut. yv^vaata.

Yup.vT|s, -T?TOS, m. a light-armedfoot-soldier.

rtijivias, Gymnias, the chief city of

the Scythini, probably between the

mountains west of the Taochi (V.

278).

YvjxviKos, -rj, -ov, gymnastic.

Yvp.vos, -'?. -ov, naked, lightly dad.

YWTJ, ywaiieus, f. a woman, wife ;

voc. yvvat, dat. pi. ~fwcul.

A.

8aKpvcL>, 7 weep ; fut. SaKpvaai. (oaicpv,a tear.)

SaKTvXos, -ov, m. afinger.. SaKrv\otTOV TroSos, a toe.

8arravua>, / spend, waste ; fut. Satra-

ff)(j(i). (ScuTari), expense.)

SapeiKos, -ov, m. a Doric, i.e. a

Persian gold coin first coined byDarius, in value about i6s. Coins

are often called after rulers, as'

Napoleon,'' Louis d'or,'

' sove-

reign.'

Aapclcs, -ON, 6, Darius II, Nothus,

king of Persia 423-405, B.C.

(Darius I, Hystaspes, precededXerxes, and sent the expedition to

Marathon. Darius III, Codomannus,was defeated by Alexander the

Great.)

Baoijs, -tia, -rf, thick, hairy, rough,bushy.

8, but (answering to ply) ; and (con-

necting two clauses), now (con-

tinuing a narrative).

St'SfjAQi, pert. pass, of Sfa, I bind.

SeSiws, 2 perf. part, of SeiSca.

Se'SoYfiai, perf. pass, of SoKfca.

ScSoiica, perf. act. of SdSca.

8e'Sop.ai., perf. pass, of SiSufit.

SSpd|XT|Ka, perf. act. with pres.

8T[j, subjunctive of Sd.

8*1, (impers.) it is necessary, (with

gen.) there is need of; fut. 8yfffi.

(TO Sfov, necessity.)

SciSu, I fear; fut. oflffoftai, i aor.

tSfiffa, perf. 5e'8oia, 2 perf. Se5ta.

StSotKo, HT), I fear he will, SiSoiica

H^l ov, Ifear he won't.

SiKW|xi, 7 show, explain; fut. 5fioat

perf. pass. StSd-yfuu.

SeCXij, -jys, f. the hottest part of the day,the afternoon.

SeiXos, -^, -6y, fearful, cowardly.

(0(0$,fear.)

8ivos, -^, ~6, inspiring fear, terrible,

dreadful. Stivos \tytiv, clever at

speaking, a clever speaker.

SeiviLs, adv. of Sttvus, terribly. StivSis

ixfiv, to be in straits. (8os, fear.)Sicu. i aor. infin. act. from SftKvvfu.

Seiirveu, 7 lake dinner or supper ; fut.

8etirvov, -ov, n. dinner, supper (thechief meal of the day).

StKa, ten (indecl.). (Lat. decent.)

AfX(j>oi, -<uv, m. Delphi in Phocis,

celebrated for its oracle (IV. 16).

ScvSpov, -ov, n. a tree.

Sei6s, -a, -ov, on the right hand (Lat.

dexter). 17 SfficL (x/>), the righthand. Sffiav Sovvai or \aii(ti>, to

give or take pledges.

Aliinros, -ov, m. Dexippus, a Spartan,who got the Greeks into trouble

with Cleander (VII. 244).8toi, opt. of dti.

Sco|iai, 7 need, want, ask; fut. 8e^ro-

ftai (with gen.).

Scpp.a, -oros, n. a skin, hide. (Sipta

Iflay.)

Scopes, -ov, m. a bond, fetttr. (StaI bind.)

190 VOCABULARY1

.

8Gpo, (adv.) hither.

Seurepos, -a, *ov, second. (Svo, two.)

8t'xo[Aai, 7 receive, accept ; fut. 5*' o-

/iai, perf. 5e8tyfj.cu.

8ta>, 7 bind, fallen ; fut. Srjaca, perf.

3tSa, perf. pass. St'Se/wzi, I aor.

pass. tStOijv.

Stu, 7 wet/, WON/, request ; fut. Scfjffu.

(Cp. 5f and Seo/xai.)

8f|, /r///y, assuredly ; ri ST), ti'Tiy /fow T

Often emphasises a word, as i/rat/fla

8t|, a/ //us moment, (Lat. /wm

(fernr/m.)

ST)\OS, -;, -ov, c/^nr, certain, evident.

8T]\6a>, 7 maJ-e clear, show, point out,

declare ; fut. SijAeuTw, perf. SeSjj-

AcuKa. (SijAos, clear.)

8T](jLaY<<>Y

'

t0'

f lec"i the people, ampopular with (with accus.). (Hfjôs,

the people, and 0701, 7 lead.)

S-rjiiocnos, , -ov, belonging to the

people, public, rd Srj/jioaia, public

property.

8-qTrov, (adv.) of course, doubtless.

Bid, prep, with gen. and ace. I. with

gea. i. of place, through ; ii. of

time, through, during, as Sia VVKTOS,

during night; iii. of the instru-

ment, by means of. II. with accus.

because of, on account of, as StcL ri,

itihyt lit. 'on account of what?'

[Obs. Sid ffov,'

by your means,' SicL

<jj,' for your sn&e.'] In Composition,

through, thoroughly, separately (Lat.

dis-) as Sta-TiOrjfii,'I place separ-

ately,' i.e. '</'spose' (Lat. dis-pono);

across, as in Oia-fiaivo).

Sia-f3aiv<>>,7 go through, cross ; walk

about ; fut. -j8i7<ro/Mu, perf. -/Je'/Sq/fa,

2 aor. 8t-t@T)v.

8ia-0aAAu, lit. 7 Mrow or carry over;

(metaphorically) 7 tear in pieces a

man's character, i. e. slander.

8iu-pao-is, -to$, f. a going over,

paf$age,ford (of a river).

Sia-|3aT<os, that must be crossed.

oia-f)a.Ttoi> tarl, we must cross.

8ia-paT(5s, -if, -6v, that can be crossed,

passable (verbal adj. of 8ia-/3cuVa;).

caa-|3ipau, 7 carry over, carry across;

fut. -ftifSaffca.

8i-aYY^w >I &e>ld a message, inform;

fut. 5-a77Aw, perf. 5t-^yy(\Ka,I aor. 5-7777f<Aa.

8i-aYKvXdw, 7 hold the javelin by the

thong ready to shoot. (Sid, and

aficvty, the thong of a javelin.)

Si.-a.yta, (i) 7 carry across ; (2)7 pass,

sf>end (my life) ; fut. Si-au, perf.

pass. -777/wu.

Sia-SiSufu, 7 7ve from hand to hand,distribute

;fut. -Swcrw.

8td-8oxos, -o, m. and f. takinganother's place, a successor. (8<d,

and StxofMi, receive.)

Sid-Kcip-ai, 7 am in a certain state, amdisposed. <f>i\mS>s 5jatfff<r0aj, to be

friendly disposed (=pass. of Sia-

, I dispose).

7 exhort, encourage,cheer on ; fut. -K(\evffO(Mt.

Sia-xXdu, / break in pieces ; imperf.

-'*AaiJ', I aor. -t/cAa<ro.

Sia-KoirTw, 7 cut through ; fut. -n6ifta.

Sia-Koaioi, -0,1, -a, two hundred.

8ia-XaYX>vu> I divide by lot; fut.

-\T]o(tat, 2 aor. St-t'Aoxoi'.

Bia-Xryw (Act.), 7 pick out, (Mid.)/ discourse, converse (with dat.);fut. -\(fOfUU.

8i-a|x-ircpcs, (adv.) through and

through, right through. (Sid, avd,and itdpo), I pierce.)

8va-voco|xai, 7 think over, intend, pur-

pose ; fut. -i/oi7<7o/xa, perf. -vtv6i]/jiai,

I aor. pass. Si tvoijOrjv. (Sid, and

vovs, the mind.)

Bid-voia, -a*, f. thought, purpose, in-

tention.

8ia-irXo, 7 sail over, sail across ; fut.

-ir\tvao(Mi, perf. pass. -ir(ir\tv-

9fat,Bio-iropeviw,* (Act.) 7 carry ct/*r,

(Mid.) Ipass across, march through.

8ia-irpd.TT&>, (Act.) / accomplish,

(Mid.) 7 stipulate, manage, nego-tiate; fut. -irpaa>, perf. pass, -irt-

VOCABULARY. 191

Si-apiraju, 7 tear in pieces, spoil,

plunder; fut. -apirdffoj, perf. pass.

-Tjpiraa/Mi.

8ia-ppiTTT<o, 7 throw about, scatter.

Sid-ppu|;is, -ecus, f. a scattering about,

8ia-<TT]|iaCv(i>, 7 point out, indicate;

fut. -ar)/j.avj, 1 nor. Si-tff^fj.rjva.

Sia-(TK7]vc(i), (trans.) 7 place in se-

parate tents, (intrans.) 7 encampseparately.

8ia-o-rrd&), 7 tear asunder, scatter;

fut. -ffnaffOftai.

8ia-oriTipa>, 7 scatter about, disperse ;

fut. -ffirfpta, 2 aor. pass, di-tairaprjv.

8ia-cr<j>v8ovao), (Act.) 7 scatter as bya sling, (Pass.) 7 fly in pieces, as if

burled from a sling. (a<ptvo6vr), a

sling.)

8id-ax l|u

>2 aor - P*' from Si-ex 1"-

Sid-crx* ) 2 aor - s"bj. from oi-t\ca.

Sia-o-ti>co, 7 preserve to the end. (Sid,

throughout, and <Twa>, I preserve.)

8ia-ri0T]jxi, (Act.) 7 place separately,

arrange in order; (Mid.) I dispose

of; fut. -Orjffca.

8ia-rpip<i), 7 w/ear away, spend, waste

[XP^vov], (Lat. tempus terere) ;

delay; fut. -rptycu, 2 aor. pass. 8<e-

8ia-4>avu>s, (adv.) manifestly, plainly.

(5jd, through, and <paivca, I show.)

Sia-<j>pu, (i) 7 carry over; (2) intrans.

7 djêr from, excel ; (impers.)

Sta<f>(p(t, there is a difference;

(Mid.) 7 quarrel about (afupi

TJI/OS) ; fut. Si-oiaai, 2 aor. Si-^t-y-

KOK.

8ia-4>x>Y, 7_/?ee through, escape safe

away ; fut. -<p(vonat.

Sia-<t>0ipci>, 7 destroy, kill; fut.

-<t>0fpu>, perf. pass. 5t-(<p6apiMu.

SiSdû, fut. act. of Si5daK<a.

SiSdo-KoXos, -ov, m. a teacher, mas~ter.

SiSda-Kca, 7 teach, inform, show ; fut.

5t5acu, perf. SeStSaâ, I aor. pass.

8tS6vai. pres. infin. from StSufU.

5iSwp,i, 7 give, offer ; fut. ouuu, perf.

OfSoiKa, perf. pass. SfSo/ât, I aor.

tScaKO, (2 aor. in plural, tSopfv,

fSore, tSoaav), 2 aor. mid. <5o-

AJ'?".

8i-K\wv, imperf. indie, of 5ia-K\a(u.

8i-\aijvw, 7 drive through, charge

through ; fut. -f\daea or -cAfl.

8i-tpxop.ai, 7 g~o or /ass through ;

2 aor. 8i-^X5o'.

8i-4>0app.ai, perf. pass, of Sia-tpOtipca.

8i-xw> 7 divide ; (intrans.) 7 awseparated, am distant ; fut. S*-c<w or

5<a-<Txi77a>, 2 aor. 8<-<rxov.

8i.-T|Yco|jiai, 7 go through a story,

narrate ; fut. -rjyrjffofMi.

f>\.-t\yKv\u>\i.ivos, perf. part, of 5t-

8i-ianjjju., (Act.) 7 divide, (Mid. and

intransitive tenses of Act.) 7 stand

apart; fut. Sia-arrjaoi, 2 aor. 5t-

G.'KULOS, -a, -ov, just, fair.

justice.)

SIKO.ICOS, (adv.) justly, fairly, rightly.

SIKTJ, -Jjs, f. justice, right, also penalty.

O'IKTJV \a.ptiv, or tTrtOeiVai. /o inflict

punishment, (Lat. poenas sumere ;)

OIHIJV Sovvai, or x "'> ' s^*fpunishment (Lat. poenas dare).

Sivew, 7 u/A/r/ round, (oivrj, a whirl.)

8i-op\>TT, 7 rfjg1

through, break

through ; fut. -opuw, perf. pass.

-opupvyiMt, plupf. -ojpcupv'Yurjv.

Sis, (adv.) /f/c. (Lat. bis.)

8is-xtXioi, -ai, -a, /M/O thousand.

8i<t>6tpa, -as, f. a prepared hide,

leather bag, wallet.

8i<j>pos, -ov, m. properly the footboardof a war-chariot, hence a chariot,

seat of a chariot, and generally a

seal.

, (adv.) in two parts, apart ;TIOKIV

a, to divide.

), 7 pursue ; fut. 5iww., -OTOS, n. a resolution, decree.

8oiT)v, 2 aor. opt. act. of StScu/u.

SOKCU, 7 /Ai'nA ; (intrans.) 7 seem,

(impers.) 8or ^xoi, V seems good to

me; TO. StSuyufva, resolutions;

192 rOCABULAKr.

(Safe ravra, these things were de-

cided ; fut. 5o, i aor. 8oa, perf.

86X09, -ov, in. craft, trick, deceit. (Lit.

dolus.)

SOU.EVOS, 2 aor. mid. participle of

86|a, -77$, f. (i) opinion ; (2) renown,

flory

(fioKtoj).:

j>, future of SoKtca.

BopKas, -a5o5, f. a gazelle, so called

from its bright eyes, from StpKOfuu,7s<*.

Sopv, -arot, n. a spear, lance.

Scpv-<{>6pos, -ov, m. a spear-man ;

plur. body-gttards. (Sopv, a spear,and <f>tpa>,

I bear.)

86s. 2 aor. imperative of oiSuf.u.

56<r9ai, 2 aor. intln. mid. of SiSaifu.

SoCXos, -ov, m. a slave.

8ov<u, 2 aor. infin. act. of

Sous, 2 aor. partia'ple of

ApaKovnos, ~ov, m. Dracontitis, a

Spartan, president of the games at

Trapezus (V. 328).

Spau.civ, Spauxdv, 2 aor. inf. and part.

with pres. rpt\<a.

Spa|xovp.ai, fut. with pres. rpi\o).

8piravov, -ov, n. a scythe. (Spfiru,I pluck.)

ApiXai, -Sir, m. the Drilae, a peoplein Pontus, near Trapezus.

5p6(jLos, -ov, m. a race, running ; quick

pace, as in opupw Ottv, to run fast.

(t-8pau.-oK a aor. with pres. rp(-

XOi, I run.)

8uvap.ai, 7 have power, am able, can

fut. SKI jjcrofiai, imperf. iow&pirjv,

(a pers. tovvto,) also -ifivvup.r)v.

Su'vafiis, -(cat, f. (i) power, means; (a)a force, i.e. troops. (Lat. copiae.)

Suvcrros, -17, -OK, powerful. (SvKa/xcu,7 am n6/#.)

8wr)crop.at, fut. of Svvafiai.

Svvco, 7 s/t, set (of the tun); fut.

Svaofiat, 2 aor. coW.

Silo, SVOIK, two. (Lat. <fi/o.)

SwfiT), -ij, f. a sinking, sttting.

(Si/Kw, 7 sc/.)

Svcr-irap-iTOs, -ov, Aarrf /o âss. (Si-AarJ, and -nap-fifii, f pass.)

Bucr-iropos, -ov, Aard /o />ass. (Si's-,

Aarf/, and vopat, a passing.)

8ur-xpT|<rros, -OK, Aard /o ws, MS<*

/ess, unserviceable. (5vt-, hard, and

Xpaoftat, I use.)

8txo, 7 caM5 /o enter; fut. SiJaw;

(Mid. and intrans. tenses) 7 s/ni,

se/; 2 aor. tow.

Su), 2 aor. subj. act. of 67S<u/u.

SuSfKa, twelve.

8b>pEop.ai, 7 present with', fut.

aoftcu. (Suipov, a gift.)

Su>pov, -OK, n. a ^y*/, present.I give.)

Sucru, future of 5'iootfu.

E.

f, gen. ov, dat. of, (Lat. se, svi, sib!)

himself, but used as personal pronoun,him,

dv, (J, &v) iy etf, y (always takes

subj.).

dv, pres. inf. of <J<.

avr6v, -^f, -<5, himself, herself, itself.

caw, 7 /^/, permit, leave alone; fut.

iaffca, I aor. fiacra.

t-âXov. 2 aor. of &<i\\u.

, seventy.

, 2 aor. of paivca.

t P\T|6r)v, i aor. pass, of /3<iXXo>.

t-/3ovXip.Cacra, I aor. act. of /3ot/Xi-

//taoi.

t'-fjocov, impf. ind. of /Soaoj.

YYWS, (adv.) <ir, nearly ; compar.

iyyvTpov and iyfvTtpa) ; super).

lyyirroro and

J-YXwv, impf. ind. of

-Yvop.Tjv, a aor.

c'y KaXcoi, 7 ca// n ; (with dat.) 6n'n

a charge against; fut. -xaXtcrcu.

(tK, and KaXfca, I call.)

*Y-Kct.ftav. 7 //< i, am placed in;

fut. -KtiffOfUU.

Y-K<4>aôS, -OK, within the head, tc.

ftvf\6$, the pith of the palm.

, a aor. of

VOCABULARY.

cyco, pers. pron. 7. Whenever inserted,

it is emphatic, 7 myself (as opposedto some one else) ; epov, tfiol, (fit

are also emphatic : ftov, fj.oi, p.t, are

the usual or non-emphatic forms.

e-yajy*, Ifor my part.

-8airdvuv, impf. act. of Sairavaea.

c-8T|0T]v, i aor. pass, of otoât, I want.

-8ei, impf. of 8i.

t-Seijja, I aor. of ot'tKvvni.

c-Sciora, I aor. of otiSu.

t-Srjcra, I aor. of 5e'o>, / bind.

-8iSow, for toiScav, impf. of SiSw/u.

iSo|xai, fut. with pres. taOica.

-8<5|rr)V,2 aor. mid. of diScufii.

-8oa, i aor. of SoKtca.

-Sotrav, 3 pi. 2 aor. of Si'5cu/x (tSaiKa

is used in the sing.).

f-Spajjiov, i aor. with pres. rptx<u.

(-Svvto, 2 sing. impf. of 8iW/*ai.

t-ScoKa, I aor. of SiScufu.

?-Jt]v,2 aor. of aa>.

l-9avov, 2 aor. of Ov^crKOj.

tOeXov-rris, -ov, m. a volunteer.

cG<Xo>, 7 wish, am willing; fut. 16 t-

\riffca, I aor. TjfleA^ffa.

t-OeiojMjv, impf. ind. of dta.ofj.ai.

-0eupow, impf. ind. of Otoiptca.

tOvos, -ows, n. a nation, tribe.

cl, (conj.) z/(with ind. and opt., never

with the subj.) : after verbs of

deliberating (as Pov\tv(ff9ai), whe-

ther; tl fir), unless.

el8i7]v, opt. of olSa.

eiBtvai, infinitive of olSa.

t8ov, 2 aor. with pres. opao).

cISos, -ov, n. an appearance, form

(lotTv used as 2 aor. of opdcu).

iSb>, subj. of olSa.

clSws, participle of olSa.

iK(i Jco, 7 maie //fc, conjecture, guess ;

fut. fiKacro}.

CIKOS, ('IKOTOS, n. likely, reasonable

(neuter of the participle of eoiKa,

shortened from tombs) ; us finds,

as is probable.

ciKoai, twenty.*

tiKco, see touca.

ci-\T]|X|xat, perf. pass, of \a/j.0t'ivoa.

ti-\i\â, perf. act. of \afif}av<o.

I\KOV, impf. act. of X*cu.

ct\6(XT|v, 7 chose ; 2 aor. mid. with

pres. alpfca.

cIXov, 2 aor. act. with pres. alptai.

ti\ii,7 am ; fut. taofiai, impf. r\v ; tari

fj.oi, I have; OVK tan, it is impossible.

tijju, 7 shall go (Lat. ibo) ; imperf.

rjttv, imperat. Wi, infin. Itvat, verb.

adj. ITtoy, one must go.

Iira, I aor. with pres. 0i?A".

eiir6(Wfiv, impf. of ciro/jcu.

lirov, 2 aor. with pres. ^VA1''

ei'pYacr|j.ai. perf. pass, of ipyafrnai.

tlpyov, imperf. ind. of eipyu.

cipyca, 7 $/// out, exclude ; fut. i/><w.

tiptjKa, / Aat/e sazW, perf. with pres.

<l>ijlJ.i ; pf- pass, ttprinai, I aor. pass.

ciptjvt), -jjs, f. peace.

fls, prep, with accus. only, I. of place,

into, /o ; II. of time, as <f* tairtpav,towards evening ; tls rtjv vartpaiav,

for the next day ; III. with numerals,as tls titaTOV, up to a hundred, i. e.

as much as a hundred; IV. of pur-

pose, for, with regard to, as (Is -r6ot,

for this purpose. In Composition,

into, to.

els, jxia, tv; gen. ti'us, fuds, tvos,

one.

els aycj, 7 /earf tn/o, introduce; fut.

-a^w, 2 aor. -1770701'.

ts-aKovTitd, 7 throw javelins into.

(O.KOVTIOV, a javelin.)

ls-8vo|jiai, 7 enter into ; fut. -SvaofMi,2 aor. tts-tSw.

<is-cip.i,7 go into, enter.

ls-pxop.cu, 7 cowze f'/o, enter; fut.

tktvaonai, 2 aor. -jjAfloi'.

eis-oSos, -ov, f. an entrance. (tl,

/o, and <58(5, way.)

eLs-iTT|8du), 7 leap into; fut. -tnjSiJo'iw.

tls-irCirTw, 7 /a// t'n/o; /a// w/>o/i,

attack; fut. -Mffovpai, 3 aor.

-fireow.

tcrTTiKiv, 7 was standing ; pluperf. of

IffTtjfiu, but intrans. and used as the

imperf. of (arrjKa, I stand.

O

194 VOCABULARY.

S-TPXU> I fun into ; a aor. fla-

cls-4>fpo>, 7 bring into, bring in ; fut.

-oiffa), i aor. -i^f-y/fa, i aor. pass.

,tffw, (adv.) within, (di, info.)

ira, (adv.) afterwards, next, then.

i-T, whether (followed by a second

(i-rt, or, Lat. sive . . sive).

TXOV, imperf. of (xu -

io>9a, I am wont (perfect with present

meaning, from *t6ca).

ciuv,, imperf. of idea (contracted from

t'aov).K

( before a vowel), prep, with gen.

only, I. of place or origin, out of,

from ; II. of time,/ro/, after, since,

as ** rovrov, after this; III. of

result or accordance, in consequence

of, according to, as IK TWV mrovSîv,

according to the truce. In Com-

position, out of, from.

*-Ka0T|fiT|v, imperf. odeaOijtuu (plnperf.in form, but tcaOrjfMi is used as a

pres., 7 sit down}.CKCUTTOS, -17, -ov, each. (Lat. qulsque.)sKacrroTt, (adv.) each time.

eKcvrtpos, -a, -ov, each of two. (Lat.

tUeryut.)

v, (adv.)/rom fro/A sj't/es, o

CKO.TOV, a hundred, indeclinable.

'EKaruwfios, -ov, m. Hecatonymus,an envoy from Sinope (VI. 1 23).

t KavStjv, i aor. pass, of Kaica.

l-Kavaa, I aor. act. of Kaica.

K-paivco, 7 ô ow/, disembark ; fut.

/3^ffo/4<u, 2 aor. if-lfiqv.

cK-pdXXu, 7 <fr/t/ ow/, expel; fat.

-Ba\S>, i aor. jf-e/faAox, I aor. pass.

l-(B\Tj9r]v. ((Kiriirraj is used for

the Pass.)

"K-paCTVs, -taw, f. a going out, egress,a pass, (in, and flairta, I go.)

tK-poY)0o, 7 march out to the rescue ;

fut. -@or/0riaaj.

ln-yovot, -ov, born of, sprung from.(tit, and ftfvofMi, I am born.) TCI

tieyora, the offspring, the young.

i, 7 ^/W M/I, ^/ve a daughter'

marriage.(K-Suco, 7 s/r//> (^(clothing) ;

fut. <c-

Svffw, I aor. ((-tSvaa.

Ki, (adv.) /Awe, yonder. (Lat.

Kct0v, (adv.) thence. (Lat. i

c-K((|iT]v, imperf. of Ktiûu.

CKCIVOS, -77, -o, yonder man, that man.

(Lat. 7k.)

io-, (adv.) thither. (Lat. t'7/ue.)

c-KCK\ci(iT]v, pluperf. pass, of K\ti<a.

(K-9<o), 7 rw ow/, sa//y /or/A, imperf.

iû, I push out, squeeze out.

K-KaXvnT<i), 7 uncover, unpack; fut.

-â>, pf. pass. -/t/MU.

K-K\Tjcria, -as, f. a assembly, meeting.

(in, and xaXfiu, I call.)

K-K\IV<O, 7 6d aside; intrans. (of

soldiers) bend out of line, give way ;

fut. -K\W>.

<K-KO}u, 7 carry out, fetch out;

I aor. ff-tKofUffa.

(K-Kvpio-rdo), 7 throw a somersault;

imperf. ((-(KvftiffTaiv.

K-XYw, 7/>/<: OM/, select; fut. *-

X^w, perf. pass. i[-ti\ffpcu, i aor.

K-Xiirw, trans. 7 /eave OK/, forsake ;

intrans. fail. (Hence Eng. ec-lipse.)

i-KX-i\(rt\v, I aor. pass, of aXf<w.

tK-ir((XTro>, 7 sJ ow/, send away ; fut.

-ôi, I aor. ff-tnfiafla.

K-IT(/U)V, z aor. participle of c-1T/ITTCU.

K-irr|Sao), 7 /#a/> ou/, waZ-tf a sally;

fut. vrj&riaouai.

ttt-irtwTco, 7 /a// OM/, /a// away, rush

out; am driven out, am banished;fut. -vurovfuu, 3 aor. if-tirfaov

(used as pass, of fr-/3dAAo>).

, 2 aor. pass, participle of

cK-irXlci>, 7 .-<!// o/, sniV au/oy ; fut.

-TT\(i'ffon<u, I aor. f(-tir\fvoa.

(K-irXcws, -av, ywV* /w//, complete.

(fK, utterly, and v\fOt,full.)

K-TTXTJTTW, (Act.) / strike out (of

VOCABULARY* 195

one's senses), astonish, (Pass.) 7 amastonished, scared; 2 aor. pass. t-

(ir\dyr)v.

K-iT-opviop.ai, 7 go out, set out (on a

march) ; fut. -iropcvaofuu.

cK-iropifco, 7 contrive, provide,furnish ;

1 aor. (^-(TTopiffa.

?K- mop-a, -aros, n. a drinking cup:

(irivu, perf. rrftruKa, 7 drink.)

e-Kpejj.d[j.ir]v, impf. of ffpejua/iai (usedas pass, of Kptftavvvfu).

t-Kpivdp.T|v, I aor. mid. of Kp'ivu.

?-KTCIVOV, 2 aor. act. of KTtivoj.

f-KTiva, I aor. act. of KTtivoj.

<K-TIVU>, (Act.) 7 stretch out, (Mid.)extend the line of an army ; fut. IK-

Ttvui, i aor. f-fTftva, perf. pass.

fK-rerafjuii, i aor. pass. If-tra^p.

-KTT]<To,jiT|v,T aor. of KTaopai,

(K-Tp<|>to, 7 rear, 6rm^ w/> (a child) ;

fut. -Optyca, 2 aor. pass, l-Tpd-<J7J/.

K-Tpxw ,7 run out, make a sally;

2 aor. ff-fSpa/jiov.

-KiiXiv8ow, imperf. of Kv\tvSta.

IKCOV, -ovoa, -6v, of one's own accord,

willingly.

i-AafJov, 2 aor. of \apfiava).

t-Xoflov, 2 aor. of \avOdvai.

cXaia, -as, f. the olive.

eXdcras, I aor. part, of IXavVcu.

fXaTTOvs, nom. or ace. pi. of i\a.Tr<av,

contr. from (\CLTTOV(S, or tXdr-

rovas.

Xa7T<ov, formed from (\a\vs, used as

comparative of /uxpos.

cXavvo), 7 drive, ride, march; fut.

eXaffa; or IXa), I aor. ^Xacra, perf.

<XJjXaa, I aor. pass. ^\a.6r]v.

tXd<|>i.os, -ov, belonging to a stag.

((\a<pos, a stag;) eAci</>eia Kpia,deer's flefh, venison.

t'Xac^pos. -a, -6v, light, active, nimble.

(Xa<j>puJs, (adv.) lightly, nimbly.

<-Xaxov, 2 aor. of Xa'/X"''*'-

tXiv, 2 aor. infin. with pres. alpita.

-Xi<j)$Tjv, I aor. pass, of Xiro>.

IXcr6ai, 2 aor. infin. mid. with pres.

alpfca.

c'XcvOcpia, -a, {.freedom, liberty.

cXcvOcpo;, -a, -ov,free.

t\-T|Xv)0a, perf. with pres. tp\o/Mi.

-Xr|(j>Oqv, I aor. pass, of \ap.âv(a.

tXOelv, 2 aor. infin. with pres. fpxoâi.tXOwv, 2 aor. part, with pres. tpxopat.

J-Xiirov, 2 aor. of \eiiru.

'EXXas, -d5os, f. Hellas, the name for

Greece amongst the Greeks, whocalled themselves Hellenes.

"EXXrjv, -tjvos, m. a Greek.

TEXXtiviKos, -17, -6v, (adj.) Greek.

4XAT|vio>, / speak Greek.

'EXXT|vCs, -*5os, f. a Greek woman. Asan adj. with fern, nouns, Greek.

r

EXXT|cnrovTOS, -ov, m. ('EXXj;s ir&v-

ros, the sea of Helle), the Hellespont,now the Dardanelles.

Xo((XTjv, 2 aor. opt. mid. with pres,

alptaj.

IX6|Xvos, 2 aor. part. mid. with pres.

alpfcu.

e'Xmu>, 7 hope or expect (used either

of hope or fear).

tXiris, -iSos, f. hope.

IXtov, 2 aor. act. part, with pres. alpto)

l-|Aa0ov, 2 aor. of pavBavw.

<p.avT6v, -ty, myself (reflexive pro-

noun) ; pi. ry/jus avrovt.

i\L-fiaivta, 7 go in, go on board, em-

bark, (tji- for tv- before p and ir. )

ep.-pa.XXo), trans. 7 throw in ; inflict ;

intrans. rush in, invade.

e'p.-pipcifa>, 7 cause to enter, cause to

embark, put on board (transitive of

f(j.-@aivcu).

?-(A6iva. I aor. of fifvw.

t-jAVT|crOT)V, I aor. pass, of /w/U'iytmu.

p.6s, -17, -({', my, mine ; poss. adj. of 7cu.

('p.-ir86o), 7 maie firm, abide firmly

by (opxovs, oaths) ;fut. l/i-ircSwcroo.

cp.-ircipia, -at, f. skill, experience.

((i-impos, -ov, experienced, practised,

(tv, and iriTpa, experience.)

cix-TTiirpas, pres. part, of ip-mirprjui.f p,-7riirpT||xi, 7 6Mrn, set on fire ; fut,

fH-nprjffca, I aor. tv-eirprjaa. (tv,

and mfnrprj/ju, of whichp.

is droppedwhere e/^- precedes.)

O 2

196 KOCAKULARF.

, I fall iipnn, attack; fut.

-TTfaovfMt, 2 aor. iv-iirtaov.

tfi-TToBios, -ov, in the way, a hin-

drance. (iv, and 11011$, afoot.)

(ji-iroi0),I make in, cause ; instil into

the mind. fut. -rfatu.

(|x-iroX(io>, 7 gain by traffic, sell.

((fj.iro\i), traffic.)

<p,-Trcpos, -ov, in. a merchant, trader.

tjx-irpocrOtv, (adv.) before, in front;TO, tftirpoaOev, the fore-parts.

iv, prep., with dat. only : I. of place,

in, on, among; II. of time, in,

during, as iv roirrca, during this

(time), i.e. meanwhile; III. in the

power of (Lat. penes'), as iv 1/ioJ,

in my power; IV. of condition, as

iv <f>6p, in (a stale of) fear. In

Composition, in, at, upon.

tv-avTtos, -a, -ov, opposite, opposed to,

hostile; IK rov ivavriov, opposite

(of place).v avrtoojioi, 7 set myself against,

oppose; fut. ivavrtdiaofuu.

tv-dirrw, 7 kindle, set on fire; fut.

-cuf/tu, perf. -ijnnat (lit.I fasten on,

from iv, and airrca, Ifix).v-8tta, -at, f. want, deficiency.

tvSoOtv, (adv.)/rom the inside (of mo-tion from within).

fvBov, (adv.) inside (of rest in a place).

iv-8ua), trans. I put on (some one else),

2 aor. intrans. iv-iovv, I put on

(myself).

iv-/pT)v, 2 aor.

tv ptpacra, I aor. of

tv-tip.i,

7 am tn ; imperf. IV-TJV.

tvcica, prep, with gen., on account oj,

for the sake of.

v-aAow, imperf. of if-Ka\(oa.

'v-Tri|jLirpao-av, imperf. 3 pi. of ip-

fvtKtv, the same as tvtrta, but used

before a vowel.

v-TJ|/a, I aor. of iv-avru.

v0a, (adv.) (of place) here, there ; (of

time) thereupon, then, also as relative

adv., where, when ; ivOa KOI iv6a,

here and there.

(v0ci.Sc, (adv.) thither, there, here.

fv9airp. where (stronger form of tvOa).

cv0v, thence, hence.

v-0u(Ji0|xai, have in mind, consider;

fut. -yaofMi, I aor. iv-(6\>iJa]6rjv.

(iv, and 0iytos, mind.)

V-0up.rjp.a, -arcs, n. a thought (lit.

something in the mind, from iv and

1-vtKcov, imperf. of viKaca.

VM>I, -0.1, -a, some, = tvi ot, i. e. iv-

ftaiv ot, lit. there are who.

more, sometimes, = Ivi art, i.e. tv-

fanv ort, lit. there is a time

when.

fv-voia, -a, f. thought, design. (Iv,

and vovt, the mind.)

t-votjcra, I aor. of votai.

f.v-o\Xf<a, I give trouble, annoy ; fut.

cvrav9a, (adv.) (i) of place, there, here;

(2) of time, thereupon, then, now.

tvTv6v, (adv.) (i) of place, thence,

hence; (2) of time, henceforth, thence-

forth; (3) therefore.

tv-Tip.os, -ov, held in honour, valuable.

(rifif), honour.)

tv-Tovws, earnestly (lit.' with an effort,*

from iv, and rtivu, I stretch ot

strain).

tvros, (adv.) inside, within (of place 01

time) with gen. (If).

tv-TVYX*vo>, 7 light upon, meet with ;

fut. -T<t5fo/xai, 2 aor. iv-irvxov.

l-WKTcpcvcra, I aor. of wtertptvo).

v-<i)|jioTdpxT|S, -ov, m. a commander

0/25 men; lit. 'a commander of*band of sworn soldiers,' (from iv,

and onvvfju, I swear.)f{ for I* before vowels. See IK.

I|, six.

<0>I report; fut. lf-a-yyfA.3,

I aor. -jyyytiAa.

i-iyw, I lead out; fut. -afu, 2 aor.

-1770701'.

l-atptTOS, -ov, taken out, chosen (Ifand atpfTus, verbal adj. of atptca).

l|aCpcra,choice portions.

'-aipu, (Act.) / take out, i aor.

VOCAEULARY.. I 9 7

ti\ov: (Mid.) / choose, 2 aor.

-fiXo/uji'.

||-aiT<>, (Act.) / demand from (any-

body), (Mid.) I beg off; fut. -ijffw,

I aor. -yrijffa.

t(-aKis-x^lol i'a*i *> six-thousand.

laKooTOi, -a, -a, six-hundred.

^-a\airiJo),-7 sac&, plunder ; fut. -fey.

e-dXXo|iai, 7 /eap o?^ ; (of a horse)

rear; fut. -aXoC/xai, I aor. -^\a-

/7i'. (aXXo^cu is Lat. salio.)

t|-av-Co-TT||U, trans. 7 zae to r/se

(in pres., imperf., fut., I aor.) ; fut.

-dva-ar^ffca ; intrans. I stand up (2

aor., perf., plupf.), 2 aor. -av-farrjv.

t'^-airaTaw, 7 deceive entirely ; fut.

-arraTiJtra;, I aor. pass. -rj-na

lamvT)S, (=

tai<f>i>r)s), suddenly.t a.vXiop.ai, 7 Zeal/* my quarters,

bivouac out of doors. (aiXtj,

resting place for night.)

'-8ov, imperf. of eK-0tca.

t|-eiT|, opt. of. -f(m.

^-i|Xi, I go out, sally forth, (tf, and

(?fu, ibo.) Used as fut. of <-

t'|-Kop.icra. (-CKO|xurap.Tjv, I aor. act.

and mid. of KOfjufa.

t-Kvpi<rra, imperf. 3rd sing, of t/c-

t-Xawa), (trans.) 7 rfr/i/e out, (in-

trans.) nWe o?//, march out; fut.

-fXacrw or -fAw.

^-\iirov, 2 aor. of Ix-Aclm*.

e-^vijov, imperf. of evica.

c-cp)(o|tai, 7 ô ow/, conze OK/; for

the fut. |-CI/M, 2 aor. tf-Â.Ooi'.

fj-(rri, (impers.) /'/ is allowed, or

possible; part t^w, V being possible.

i^-Tacris, -CDS, f. au examination,review (of troops), (troiea' tfiratrtv,to hold a review?)

t^-Tpacj)T|v, 2 aor. pass, of (K-Tpf<pw.

t^T|Kovra, sixty.

-ijv, imperf. of t^-tan.

|-iKVfO|xai, 7 arrive at, reach (with

gen.) ; fut. -igojiai, 2 aor. -iKofirjv.

e{--6v, neut. pres. part, from e-<m.t crrXiJw, 7 arm, (Mid.) / arm

myself, go forth armed. (oirAa,

arms.)?ci>, fut. of lx<M.

f^w, (adv.) without, outside ; also as

prep, with gen. outside of.

?o>0ev, (adv.) from without.

i'oiKd, 2 perf. (formed from *(tK<a,

which is not used). 7 seem likely,

it is probable that I (neut. part.fIKOS, probable] .

f-iraOov, 2 aor. of iraaô).

eir-aivtu, Ipraise; fut. -t'era; or -tffopai,

I aor. -rjvtffa.

firaivos, -of, m. praise.

-Traiov, imperf. of iraioj.

t r-av-tpxo}Aai, 7 come or go back,

return, 2 aor. -Â.ô*'.

mtTaa, I aor. in use with the pres.

iri, (conj.) when, since. [Distinguishfrom liretTa.]

tjiri8dv = l7T(6^ av, whenever, always.with the subjunctive.

timBi], strengthened form of iird.

Tr-ip.i, 7 come upon, advance, attack;

quipa. imovffa, the following day.

(?/, Lat. ibo.)

?ir-ti|u, 7 am upon, am over (a river).

(ti/, Lat. sum.)

[tiripo}i<u], 7 ask besides, ask; fut.

-fpriffonai, i aor. -rjponijv, inf.

-fpfffOat. (Pres. not used in Attic.

See t pojjiai and cpcdrdw.)

7reiTa, (adv.) then, afterwards, there-

upon. [Distinguish from tird.']

ir-(jtXoiL(XT)V, imperf. of (irt-n(\fOfât.

-ir-ir6v0eiv, pluperf. of Trao'x*'. Per f-

to vtTTOvOa,

ir-pxo|xav, 7 come upon, come to,

proceed; 2 aor. -jjA.ôi'. For the

fut. ew-|M is used.

f-ireo-ov, 2 aor. of iri-rrrca.

CTT-ecrraTovv, imperf. of em-ffTareo).

l-inf)YVVjiTjv, imperf. of irfiyvvfju.

tir-gveera, I aor. of tir-aivi<a.

tiri, prep, with gen., dat., and accus.,

I. With gen. of place, on, upon,after verbs of motion towards, lit.

'on the line of,' as itKilv trl 2a

198 VOCABULARY.

ftov, to sail towards Samos; ii.

of time, as IJTI Kvpov, in the time

of Cyrus; iii. with numerals, as CTTI

TfTTapcav, four deep, lit. on a basis

of four. II. With dat. i. of

place, on, upon, at ; ii. of time, at,

on, in ; iii. of purpose, for, with a

view to ; iv. of condition, as Ini

Tovrots, on these conditions, also

'besides this.' III. With accus. i.

of motion, on to, against; ii. of time,

for, during, up to ; iii. of purpose,

for, as firlri; 'for what (purpose) ?'

firl Sffirvov, for supper. In Com-

position, upon, at, by, besides. Before

an aspirated vowel im becomest<j>',

as!</>' iiTirov, on horseback.

cir-tam, 3rd pi. pres. of tir-fiiu.

m-paivco, / go to, go upon; mount.

1 aor. (ir-(0t]v.

eiri-pdXXo>, 7 throw upon ; fut. -/JaA.5,

perf. -l3t{}\r]Ka. iiri-fittftyntvoi

To6rai, archers with arrows on iJie

string. Lit.'

having put [arrows]on their [strings].'

ttri-pov\uw, / plan or plot against ;

fut. ~tvoa>.

iitifiov\-i\, -rjs, (. a plot, treachery.

<m-StiKW|U, / show, display; fut.

-$ticu, I aor. (ir-iofia.

iir-i8tlv, 2 aor. inf. of iir-iISov (pres.

bp-opata).

tm-88oj(jLi, / give besides; fut. kiti-

Siixrai, i aor. iir -tbcaica.

tm-SiK, 7 pursue after; fut.

-8<ia.

i-mJ6|AT]V, imperf. mid. of TTU'^W.

iri-0v|io), 7 desire, covet, with gen.

(f 77i and Ovftvt).

Tri-KaptiTTw, 7 6erf , (of troops)wheel round ; fut. -a/i^cu.

fm-KCip.at, (i) 7 7/e /w, nm placed

upon; (2) I assault, attack (used as

pass, of im-TiOrjiu).

(Tn-Koi'ip^p.a, -UTOS, n. Ae//>, pro-tection.

tTri-Kpareia, -at, f. cover, protection

(lit. power over, from cni, and /xi-

TO, power).

, (Act. and Mid.) 7 /o>AoW o/ sz, with

gen.TTi-\av04vop.ai (or tm-XriOofjieu), 7

forget; fut. eirj-X^ffo/wt, 2 aor.

iir-e\a&6nr]v, perf. iiri-\t\i)(r(Mi.

tTri-Xciirco, (trans.) 7 /eave behind,

(intrans.) I fail, am wanting, 2 aor.

, -oi', chosen, picked, (iirl,

and A.TOS, verbal adj. of \fyoa, I

choose.)

<m-ju.eXfcp.ai., 7 lake charge of, look

after; fut. -êA^cro/iai.

tin.-p.Xi]S, -c's, careful, anxious.

Comp. -fffTfpos.

tiri-fAmo, 7 remain, wait ; fut. -fifvui.

1-iTiov, 2 aor. of wtVw.

tiri-opKco, 7 swear falsely, perjure

myself; fut. -opKrjffu.

tm-opiaa, -as, f. a false oath, perjury.

(opxos, an oath, inl, over (beyond)the truth.)

cm-iriirrw, 7 fall upon, attack (with

dat.) ;2 aor. fir-tirtaov.

eiri-irovos, -ov, laborious, troublesome,

portending trouble. (I Tit, and jnSvot,

tiri-ppiiTTco, 7 throw upon; I aor.

eTTi-criTi5o(jiai., 7 procure provisions;I aor. iir-taiTia'diJTjv. (airos,corn.)

tm-o"iraco, 7 /ra^ or />// after; fut.

perf.

i, 7 know, understand; im-

to), 7 s/a<f oi/er, Aave com-

mand over. (tirtaTdrjjs, one whois set over.)

, 7 send to, send tidings to ;

command; fut. -0reA.w, i aor. tw-

TTioToX'fj, -TJs, f. a letter, injunction.

(iiri-aTt\\u.)

(7riTT|8ios, -a, -ov, suitable, necessary.rci (irir^Sfta, provisions, lit. the

necessariet (of life).

ciri-T(Or)|ii, (Act.) 7 put on, (Mid.) 7

se/ />o, attack ; (iiri-KfifJUu is used

for the passive) ;fut. -ffrjuoi.

VOCABULARY. 1 99

m-Tprw, 7 entrust to, command,

permit; I aor. kir-trpt\l/a.

ciri-âCvopai, I appear (near the

spot), make my appearance; fut.

-(/KJPOC/ICU.

*m-x<4>*w, I put my hand to, attempt;

(liri,and x*'P> a hand) ; fut. -r]ffoj.

tirt-xipijw, the same as (m\fiffoi ;

fut. -xtipivoJ.

tu, I pour on or /.

,i aor. of wAso;.

v, 2 aor. pass, of nXr)TT(,

t-iro\t\Lovv, imperf. of iro\e/*e'o>.

eiro|Aai, Ifollow, pursue; fut. tyo/tat,

imperf. eiTrdjtiî', 2 aor. effirofirjv.

-ircvovv, imperf. of novfca.

turd, seven. (Lat. septem.)

liTTaKocrtoi, -at, -a, seven hundred.

'Einja|a, -17$, f. Epyaxa, queen of

Cilicia, wife of Syennesis (I. 64).

e-irxi0o|XT|v, 2 aor. of irvvOdvoftai.

t'pYU Jofxai, 7 K/or, do ; fut. (pyaffofjat,

perf. fipyaa/Mi. (tpyov, work.)

tp-yov, -ou, "n. M/or&, action. tp"f<y,

in deed, in fact.

epeiv, fut. inf. with pres. tyijpi.

tpT|iua, -as, f. a desert, solitude. (?/?-

pas, lonely.)

tpT||xos, -ov, and-77, -ov, lonely,

desolate (with gen.) ; [hence Eng.

'eremite,' or 'hermit.']

epjjtT]Vus, -fas, m. an interpreter.

('Epjjffjs, Mercury.)

[tpojxai], I ask (a question) ; fut.

(pi](fOfnai, 2 aor. ^pofjirjv. (iporraojis used instead of present.)

<ppti|/a, I aor. of /Surrey.

t'pti[ia, -arcs, n. a defence,fortification.

pvp.v6s, -17, -oj', fortified, strong.

i'pxop.ai, 7 conze, g'o: fut. '/< (I\i5-

aofjMi), perf. \i7\u0a, 2 aor. ?Â.0op.

cpoiToLco, 7 as&; fut. -ijao), I aor.

-o--o-(off(Jit)V, pluperf. pass,

c-<rf||i.T)va,T aor. of ffTjfMwcu.

-^TOS, f. dress, (fi/vvfu, I puton). (Lat. vestis.)

-Ouo, 7 eat; fut. iSofuu, perf. 5^-

5oa, 2 aor. ttpayov.

l-o-Cvcov, imperf. of ffiyaot.

-<nw7r<ov, imperf. of fficuiracu.

-crKOacrp.ai, perf. pass,

I-O-KOTTOWV, imperf. 'of ffKoirtco.

ecrop.ai, fut. of (Ipl. (Lat. sum.)

t-o"jTopT|v, 2 aor. pass, of ffireipot.

e-o-irap(iai, perf. pass, of aiteifxa.

J-o-rratra, I aor. act. of anaw.

-<rira<r0T)v, I aor. pass, of ffirata.

-<nmpa, I aor. act. of airtipco.

t-cr-jTticra, I aor. act. of atiivoca.

Icrircpa, -as, f. evening, (irpos eo~irf-

pav, towards the west.)

-o-Td0i]v, i aor. pass, ofiarrjfjti.

<TTa<rav, 3 pi. pluperf. of iffrijfu (in-

trans.).

tore, (conj.) until, (ear' tar, so long

as.)

1-o-TeuXo, I aor. act. of ffTf\\oj.

?<TTT|Ka, perf. act. of foTjy/xi. (Perf.intrans. 7 stand.)

I-CTTTJV, 2 aor. act. of iffrrjfu (intrans.).

f-orqo-a, I aor. act. ofiffrrjfj.1

(trans.).

t-<TTiY(xai, perf. pass, of ariâ.

|-<rrpa<j>T|v, 2 aor. pass, of aTpf<pca.

-oTpij;a, I aor. act. of arpf<pco.

?<rro>, 3 sing. pres. imperat. of el/u.

l<rTws, perf. participle of iffrrjfu.

t-o-<J)ayr]v, 2 aor. pass, of ffipafa.

t-o-<j)v86vwv, imperf. of fffyivoovav.

IcrxaTos, -ov, last, extreme.

!-crx (VTlv

'2 aor- m'^r f X(W'

?-aXov, 2 aor. act. of ^x03 -

t-o-uOrjv, I aor. pass, of aufa.

cratpog, -ov, m. a companion, com-rade.

l-rafxov, 2 aor. act. of Tfpxa.

t-rdxOTjv, I aor. pass, of rdrroa.

l-reiva, i aor. act. of rfivo).

TErcoviKos, -ov, m. Eteonicus, a Lace-

daemonian general at Byzantium

^ (VIII. 30).

trtpos, -a, -ov, the other, one of two.

t-T-TT|Ki.v ( pluperf. act. of TTJKCU.

?TI, (adv.) still, any longer,no longer.)

t-T'\ki\9i\v, I aor. pass, of rt/jivca.

tToip.os, -T), -ov, ready, prepared.

2OO VOCABULARY.

JTOI^WS, readily (adv. of IroTfiot).

TOS, -ov, n. a year, (inaarov trovs,

every year.)

t-rpairov, 2 aor. act. of rpfnat.

t'-TpuOijv, I aor. pass, of rnpwaKa).

l-rpoxra, I aor. act. of TirpuiaKO).

J-TVXOV, 2 aor. act. of Tvy\av<a.

tv, (adv.) well, prosperously.

u-Sai|ib>v, -ov, happy, prosperous,

wealthy. (y, well, and Saificav,

fate.)

v-8ia, -as, f. fair-weather, a calm.

u-tpYcria, -at, f. good service, kind-

ness.

u-pYrijs, -ov, m. a benefactor.

{i-<ovos, -ov. well girded; hence

active, (tv, well, and<VVTJ, a

twcus, directly, immediately (adv. of

tvOvt).

tuOvs, (adj. used as adv.) straightway,

immediately.

v-K\ia, -at, f. good fame, glory,

((v, well, and K\tos, glory.)

EvcAti5T)S, -ov, m. Euelides, a seer '

from Phlius, in the north of Pelopon-nesus (VIII. 485).

cv-voia, -a*, f. good-will, kindness,

tu-voos, -OK, contr. tvi-vovs, kind, well-

disposed, (tv, well, and vovt,

mind.)ev-eivos, -ov, hospitable ; ndcrot

Evfivos, the Euxine or Black Sea.

cu-ircTws, (adv.) easily.

tv-ircpos, -ov, easy to pass.

ctipioKO), 7 find, discover; a aor.

tvpov, fut. (vpfjffu, perf. tvprjKa,

pass, fvprjfiai, ] aor. pass. tvptOrjv.

cvpos, -ovt, n. width, breadth, (tii/ws,

fcroad.)

EupvXoxos, -ov, m. Eurylochus, a

hoplite from Lusi, a town in Ar-

cadia (IV. 360).cupvs, -fo, -u, wide, broad.

V-TO.ICTOS, -ov, well arranged, in goodorder. (v, well, and TOTTW, 7 or-

range.)

fv-ra|ia, -of, f. ôo<f order, disciplint.

u-roX|ios, -ov, daring, courageous.

, -ov, m. the river Euphrates.The Eastern and Western branches

join in Armenia ; it then flows

west of the Tigris, passes through

Babylon, and joins the Tigris before

it falls into the Persian Gulf.

c\*XO|xai, 7 pray, vow ; fut. tvofjai.

eu-a>w|xos, -ov, lit.' of good name,'

lucky, the left ; especially TO tvwvv-

pov \jctpat\, the left wing of an

army. (5, WO/ML, of good name ;

really an euphemism for the utt-

lucky side, i, e. the left, which it was

unlucky to mention.)

t-^gyov, 1 aor. with pres. iaQica.

-<avT]v, 2 aor. pass, of <paivca.

'<j>-ciTojxat, 7 pursue ; fut. i<p-fyo{MU,

imperf. k<f>-(iir6firjv.

"E4>j-os, -ov, f. Ephesus in Lydia, onthe west coast of Asia Minor.

?-<|>T]v,3 aor. of

(ftrjiii.

-<J>r)vd(jfrjv,i aor. mid. of <paivu.

-4>0Y|d|xtjv, I aor. of ipOfyyofMit.

<4>06s, -77, -6v, boiled (verbal adj. of

?t/>o>, 7 boil).

(J>-i(rnjni, (trans.) 7 make to stop ; set

over; fut. tiri-arrivm ; (intrans.) 7stand by, halt ; 2 aor. itt-tffnjv.

c<f>-oSiov,,ov> n . travelling expenses or

supplies, (iirl, and 6Sos, a road).

<4>-oSos, -ov, f. an approach.

<j>-opos, -ov, in. an overseer ; ol *E</>o-

poi, the Ephors, or Council of Five at

Sparta. (i<p-opdcu, I oversee.)

?-4>vyov, a aor. of <p(vya),

t'xOpos, -&, -ov, hostile; an enemy.

(i\0ot, hatred.)

t-XPy. iniperf. of XP^7-

-XpTJTO, 3 sing, imperf. of xpao/wu.

iXw, I have, hold, possess^ keep; fut.

<a or axfjaca, perf. ffX7*a > imperf.

tlxpv, 2 aor. iaxpv. Impers. xaAws

X*'i '' M veil ; (Pass.) ol dvOpca-iroi t\ovrai, the inhabitants are kept

prisoners, (Mid.) 7 hold on to, so txo-

futvot, next in order.

<f-\{/cv<r|jUU, perf. pass, of ifxvfot.

1-upaKa, perf. act. of updoi.

t-iipwv, imperf. act. of opav.

VOCABULARY. 201

?o>9, ace. ea>, f. morning; irpos fw, to-

wards the east.

us, (conj.) as long as, until, while.

z.

Zairaros, -ov, m. the river Zab in

Assyria, flowing from the East into

the Tigris (III. too).

fdu, 7 live; fut. C'?

'

'. imperf. e^r,infin. fty.

ûYTjXartw, 7 aV/w a yoke of oxen.

(tvyot and (\avvcu.)

fVYvv>|Ai, 7 ôfo, join, attach ; fut.

Cevfa), perf. tfevy/xeu, 2 aor. ((vyrjv.

etJYos >M >

n - a ^*e f oxen - (Lat.

jugum, Eng. .yoe.)

Zevs, Aio's, m. Zffws (Roman Jupiter),

voc. Zeu, ace. Ato.

frjXcoTos, -Tj, -ov, enviable.

I rival.)

t]|uou, 7 punish ; fut.

ffjv, pres. infin. of aw.

cpi)v, pres. opt. of (Jaw.

JWVTJ, -rjs, f. a girdle,

gird on.)

H.

TJ, (conj.) or, than ; r). . j, either . . or.

TJ, (adv.) truly, verily.

n, 3 sing. subj. of tlfii. (Lat. sum.)i (adv.) where, properly dat. sing.

fem. of os, ^, o.

aor - "7W-

J aor- f a77e'AA.w.-"V > -ovos, m. a leader, guide.

f|Y<o|xai, (i) 7 /earf the way; (2) 7

suppose ;fut. fjffiaonat. [Lat> afwco

has also both meanings.]

r|vP 1lv

'r aor - Pass - ^ 7*'/w-

'H -

yino

'avJ>ps, -ow, m. Hegesander, a

Greek captain (VII. 71).

TJyvoow, imperf. of d-yvoe'w.

TJYOV> imperf. of a-ycu.

V|8iv,7 in^w ; pluperf. of oiSa, used

as imperf. olSa having a present

signification.

T|8tws, (adv.) gladly, with pleasure.

Comp. ffiov ; superl. ijoiira.

<j&ij, (adv.) ow, already, by this time.

q8iKT|0Y]v, i aor. pass, of dSiKiai.

TjSiKTjKa, T|SiKT)p;at, perf. act. and

pass, of aSiKtca.

f,8op.ai, 7 am pleased; fut. TjaOriffopai,

i aor. TjaOr/v.

i]86}jiT|v, imperf. of jj8o/iai.

f|8ovT|, -^s, f. sweetness, pleasure.

T|8wdjJU]v, iniperf. of 5iVaâ.

fjSvis,-ffa, -u, /ee/, pleasant, delicious.

Comp. fi^'uav, superl. rjOiaros.

Qiv, 3 pi. r\tcro.v, imperf. of e7/u.

(Lat. ibo.)

TJ0\ov, imperf. of iffiXv.

4]0poicra, I aor. act. of aJOpoifa.

^K, may be 3 sing, imperf. of ijxw or

I aor. ofirj/ju.

TJKOV, imperf. of ^w.f|K6vTiov, imperf. of aKovrlfa.

f|Kovcra, I aor. of aKovta.

TJKW, 7 am come, arrive ; used as perf.

of tpxofiai, fut. ?iu.

f|XA(h]v, I aor. pass, of \\avvw.

TiXdjxrjv, I aor. mid. of aXXo/*a.

fj\a<ra, I aor. act. of \\avvca.

TJXOov, 2 aor. with pres. (p

T|XC9tos, -a, -ov, foolish, silly.

fjXios, -ov, m. the sun.

f)XX6|iT)V, imperf. of aAXoâi.

fjXoJKa, T|XuKiv, perf. and pluperf. of

a\tanoiMi.

I'lfxt'pa, -a*, f. a day; afia TJ) ^fifpa,at day-break.

T]ftTepos, -a, -ov, poss. adj. our.

i||o.iovos, -ov, m. a mule. ($1*1-, half,and ovos, an ass.)

Tjp.iiTX0pov, -ov, n. â//" a pletkron,i. e. 50 feet.

TJfuavs, -<ia, -v, â//.

i]v, for idv, if.

nv, imperf. of tlfu. (Lat. sum.)

qvaYKaera, I aor. act. of ava-fKafa.

f\vi\9T\v, I aor. pass, with pres. tptpw.

fjvCKa, (conj.) when.

qvioxos, -ov, m. a charioteer, drivet

(from fjvia, reins and XW I hold).

vjiow, iniperf. of d^toco.

TJ^W, fut. of 1JKU.

, imperf. of u.i

2O2 VOCABULARY.

, (adv.) where, properly dat. sing.fem. of os-irtp.

rjmordnTjv, imperf. of (niffra^tu.

T|-n-opovv, imperf. of anoptco.

'HpaxXeia, -as, f. Heraclea, a city in

Bithynia, on the Euxine.

"HpaicXi8T)s, -ov, m. Heraclides, an

agent of the Thracian prince Seuthes.

"HpaKXecorrjs, -ov, m. a Heraclean or

inhabitant of Heraclea.

"HpciKtaums, -tSos, f. (sc. 777), the

district of Heraclea.

TIpaKXfjs, -eons, m. Heracles (RomanHercules), son of Zeus and Aloniena.

TJp0T]v, i aor. pass, of alptco.

ypT)|xai, perf. pass, of alpica.

Y|pd|XT]V, I aor. mid. of apxw -

t|p6|iT)v, 2 aor. of ipo/juu ; (pres.

tpwrdca.)

TJpircwra, I aor. act. of apnafa,T)piracr[iai, perf. pass, of d/)irdfco.

TJpx6(iT)v, imperf. (i) of dpôâi :

(2) of tpxofMi.

TJpXov, imperf. of d/>x<w.

fipiirrjo-o, I aor. of ifxardo}.

qpwTUV, imperf. of (pairdta.

rj(70T]v, I aor. pass, of rjSofuu.

lja06p.Tjv, 2 aor. of alaQavoiuu.

f]O-ux"*i -as, f. quietness; aytiv 1j<jv-

\iav, to keep quiet.

ri<rxvv(Hiv, i aor. pass, of ala-xyvai.

Tg-njord|XTjv, I aor. mid. of aiTtoa.

nTM)(XTr]v, imperf. of alTi&oftai.

v, imperf. mid. of airioi.

, imperf. of alreoj.

flTrdojiai, / am less than, i. e. amconquered; fut. ^TTijao/xat, perf.

rJTTTjfMU. (JJTT01V, ItSS.)

JJTTOV, (adv.) less.

TJTTWV, -ov, less, inferior, weaker.

TjuXiaOTjv, i aor. pass, of auA/^w:

i\\9iaQt\v t I aor. pass, of a

HX^lv. l aor- pass, of d-yw.

, imperf.

0.

OoXaTTO, -rjs, f. the sea.

0a.va.Tos, -ov, m. death.

Oa.va.Tocj, / condemn to death; fut.

OavovjJiai, fut. of

Odirrw, I bury; fut. Odtf/ca,2 aor.

pass. (Tcuprjv.

OappaXf'os, -a, -ov, bold. (Bdppos,

courage.) Comp. -wrtpos.

dappaXcw;, (adv.) boldly.

dappcu), I am of good courage.

Odppos, -ous, n. boldness, courage.

0apavva>, 7 make bold, encourage;I aor. kOdpowa.

OaTTov, comp. of TOX^WS, more

quickly.

0avp.a.a>, 7 wonder, marvel; fut.

Oavfjaffca, perf. r(Oav/MKa. (Oavpa,

wonder.)0a, -as, f. a view, a sight.

0ed, -as, f. a goddess.

0tajj.a, -CTOS, n. a s/g'A/, spectacle.

doitat, I see.)

i, 0i9, 2 aor. act. infin. and part.

6<\b>, 7 iw'sA ; fut. Of\riffu.

6<p.cvos, 2 aor. mid. part, of riOrjfu.

06s, -oO, m. a god; avv rots Otoit,

with the gods' help.

Oepfxacria, -as, f. warmth. (Qipo), 1

warm.)0ep|xos, -77, -(Jj/, warm.

OtpjAcoBcuv, -OI/TOS, m. /Ae Thermodon,a river of Pontus, flowing inlo the

Euxine Sea (VI. 140). It still keepsits name as Thirmah Su.

0tr0ai, 2 aor. mid. infin. of riOrjfu.

0*TToX6s, -17, -ov, Thessalian, or

inhabitant of Thessaly in NorthernGreece.

0fw, 7 run ; fut. 0vaofMi.0i>pc, 7 view,inspect,review (troops),

fut. -JJ(T<W.

0^pcvo>, 7 hunt, chase. (Ofo, a wild

beast.)

0Tjpiov, -ov, n. a w/W teas/, (tf^,

Lat./-a.

VOCABULARY. 203

OTJCTU, fut,

rjxTjs, -ov, m. Theches, a mountainnear Trapezus, whence the Greeks

got their first sight of the sea (V.

,283)-0i{Jpwv, -twos, m. Thibron, a. Spartan

commander, sent out to oppose

Tissaphernes (VIII. 543).

OvqcrKto, 7 die; fut. 6avovjj.at, perf.

TtOvrjKa, 1 aor. iQavov.

66pv|3os, -ov t m. noise, confusion,tumult.

Qpa.Ki],-T]s, f. Thrace, now forming the

eastern half of the Turkish province

Rumelia, and containing the capital

Constantinople. Also a district of

Bithynia in Asia Minor, (rpaxvs,

rough.)

pcjKios, -a, -ov, Thracian, or be-

longing to Thrace.

0pa, -a/cos, m. a Thracian.

Opacre'iog, (adv.) boldly.

Opacrus, -tta, -v, bold, venturesome.

0vyaTT]p, -rpos, f. a daughter.0vvoi, -lav, m. the Thyni, a people in

Thrace ; they colonised Bithynia

(VIII. 138).

Ovpa, -as, f. a door. (Lat. /ores.)

OvptTpo, -wv, (neut. plur.) doors.

Ovaia, -as, f. a sacrifice.

0vto, I sacrifice; (Mid.) I sacrifice

for myself, i. e. take the auspices ; fut.

Oiiffcu, perf. TeOvxa.

0u>pa, -O.KOS, m. a breastplate, cors-

let, cuirass.

0wpa, O.KOS, m. Thorax, a Boeotian

general, jealous of Xenophon (VI.

159)-

I.

I8elv, 2 aor. infiii. of dSov, pres. opdca.

iSia, (adv.) privately, on one's ownaccount (dat. fem. of tSjos).

iSios, -a, -ov, private, one's own.

IStw-rrjs, -ov, m. a private person.

iSoi|ju, I8tov, 2 aor. act. opt. and part.of clSov, prcs. iifiaca.

Ujxtjv, imperf. mid. of irjfu.

icvai, pres. infin. of tlfu. (Lat. ibo.)

Icpctov, -of, n. a victim.

Upos, -d, -6v, holy, sacred: rci ItpaKa\a ?

t v, the sacred'

(entrails') were

favourable, i. e. the sacrifice showed

good omens.

iT]Ht, (Act.) 7 throw, shoot, send;

(Mid.) 7 rush, fut. ffffw, I aor. fjna,

perf. flica.

i0i, pres. imperat. of ilpi. (Lat. ibo )

iicavos, -17, -ov, Jit, suitable, sufficient,

able; comp. -urtpos, superl. -ajraros.

iKavtos, (adv.) sufficiently.

iKerevw, 7 supplicate, entreat; fut.

-fvcru. (iK(TT]s, a suppliant.)

tp,ds, -O.VTOS, m. a strap, thong.

lp.o.Tiov, -ov, n. a cloak.

iva, (i) (adv.) where; (2) (conj.)in order that.

urirapxos, -ov, m. a commander of

cavalry. (ITTTTOS, and apxca, I rule.)

iirire-us, -((as, m. a horseman ; pi.

tTTTTf?*, cavalry.

ITTWIKOS, -17, -ov, belonging to a horse;TO iiririKov, the cavalry; Owpa lum-

KOS, a cavalry breastplate.

iiriros, -ov, m. a horse; t<p' 'iirvov, on

horseback.

r<ra<ri, 3 pi. from o75a.

itrOi, imperat. of ofSa.

TcrOjxos, -oO, m. thelsthmus of Corinth,

joining the Peloponnesus to Nor-thern Greece (III. 185).

icrjiev,I pi. from ol8a.

Icr6-ir\vpos, -ov, equal-sided, (taos,and w\evpcl, a side.)

i<ros, -t], -ov, equal; (Is TO "ffov, to

an equality; l iffov, on equalterms.

'lo-o-oC, -5>v, m. Issi. or Issus, a townin Cilicia, in the N. E. corner of the

Levant (I. 158). Seventy yearsafterwards it became famous for

Alexander's victory over the Persians,BC. 333.

icrr*, 2 pi. from ofSa, or imperat.from iaOi.

icmriiu, (trans.) 7 make to stand, stop,set up ; fut. ffTTifftu, 1 aor. tffTijffa :

(intrans.) / stand, halt; perf. 'to-

204 VOCABULARY.

rr]Ka, (part, tarwi,) a aor. iarrjv,

I aor. pass. icrraOrjV.

lerriov, ov, n. a sail.

Icrxvpos, -a, -ov, strong.

io-xupa>s, (adv.) strongly ; hence very,

exceedingly.

urx *' (a form of Ix*"') ^ s'/)

'

hinder.

icroos, (adv.) perhaps, (lit. equally.)

ITOV, verb. adj. from 7/, one /

#-ITVS, -vos, f. the rim of a shield.

iTtocrav, 3 pi. imperat. of 7/. (Lat.

160.)

IXVIDV, -ov, n. a trace, track, (fjpros,

a track.)

ia>, iu>v, pres. subj. and part, of fi/u.

(Lat. 6o.)

K.

KaO-eô^.ai., / sit down, rest, halt;

impf. tKaO-t6fjii)v.

Ka6-cis, 2 aor. part, of KO.O-irjfu.

Kd6-f\Kw, I draw down; fut. -t\a>.

impf. KaO-ffaicov.

Kd9-cu5u>, / sleep ; imperf. ixaOtvSoy.

tcaO-TjKw, 7 reach down ; TO KO.O-T)KOV,

the fart reaching down.

Kd0-T)p.at, / sit down, encamp.

Kd6-rr]|u, 7 send down, let fall ; fut.

-rjaoj, impf. -/iji'. ts irpofio\r)v rti

SJpara KaO-iivTd, couching their

spears, lit.'

letting down their spearsfor attack.'

KoO-tarrjui, (trans.) 7 set in order,

settle, appoint; fut. Kara- arrjaca; (iu-

trans.) / am placed: perf. KaO-iarij-

Ka, 1 aor. itar-fffTrjv.

KaO-opdu, 7 7oo& down upon, behold ;

fut. Knr-oiffOâi, 2 aor. /car-frSuv.

KOI, (couj.) (l) arf; (2) a/.vo, / ;

ai . . . teal, both . . . and.

KdiKos, -ov, in. the Calcus, a river in

Mysia, flowing by Pergainus (VIII.

532.)

Kaivai, -on-, f. Caenae, a town in

Mesopotamia on the Tigris (HI.

98) ; perhaps the ancient Assyrian

Calah, mentioned in Genesis, x. n.

KaCircp, although, (with participle.)

Kaipos, -or, in. a Jit lime, season,

opportunity.

KaiToi, and yet.

Kaiw, 7 burn, kindle; fut. Kavffai, I

aor. (Kavaa, perf. pass. Ktieavfiat.

KdKiovs, nom. pi. of KCLKIOW, contr.

for Kaitiovts.

KaKoq, -jj, -6v, bad, wicked, cowardly ;

comp. Kaic'icav, superl. Kaici<rTO$ :

n. pi. teaKa, evils, misfortunes.

KdKovpYb>, 7 do evil ; with ace. 7 in-

jure; fut. -i7<r<u. (/co/fox, tpyov.)

KaXdjJios, -ov, m. a reed. (Lat. co/a-

mtis.)

KdXtu, 7 ca//, summon, invite; fut.

-taw, perf. KtK\i]iea, perf. pass.

KaX\i|xaxos, -ov, m. Callimachus, an

Arcadian captain (V. 258).

KdXds, -77, -<$', beautiful, fair, noble,

good; comp. KaX\i<av, superl. AtoA.-

Aitrrot.

KaXus, (adv.) fairly, nobly, well,

na\ws txftv > to be well (lit.'in a

good condition ') ; superl. KdX-

XlOTO.

KdXirr], -?;$, f. Calpe, a river and town

in Bithynia : its ruins are marked

by two harbours called Kerpeh.

KaXxiSovta, -as, f. Calchedonia, the

district round Calchedon.

KdXxT]8wv, -ofos, f. Calchedon, a

town in Bithynia.

Kojivw, 7 labour, am weary, am sick;

fut. Kaftovfuii, perf. /ctK/ujjra, 2 aor.

tKafMV. Oi Kafwovrts, the sick.

Kd-rrvos, -ov, m. smoke.

KdppdiTivdi, -uiv, f. pi. dioes (of un-

dressed leather), brogues.

Kap8ouxoi. m. the Carduchians, a

hill tribe in Armenia, now the

Kurds, or Kurdistan.

Kapirdia, -as, f. the Carpaian, a mimic

dance among the Thcssaluns.

Kdpiros, -ov, m.fruit.Kdpvov, -ov, a nut, chestnut.

Kara, prep, with gen. and ace. (root

meaning down). I. with gen. L

VOCABULARY. 205

down from, down in : ii. down upon,

against. II. with ace. i. of place,

down along, along, among, about;

Kara ~ff\v teal KaraL 6d\arrav, byland and sea : ii. of time, as ard

rovrov rbv xpvvov, at this time : iii.

(especially) according to, as regards;Kara Kpdros, by force or at full

speed (see ava Kparos), Kara \6\ovs,

by companies. In Composition, down,

downright or utterly, against. Be-

fore an aspirated vowel Kara becomei

KO.Q', as tcaO' fmipav, daily.

KaTa-j3aivw, / come down, descend,

go down to the sea ; fut. -flrjffoiMt,

2 aor. Kartfinv.

Ka.T-aYYXA, I denounce, disclose;

fut. -ay-ff\S>, -7777<i\a.

KaT<x-Y.os, -oi', underground, subter-

ranean. (Kara, beneath, and 777, the

earth.)

Ka.T-a,YW|u, I break ; fut. -aoi, 2 perf.

-ea^ya.

Ka.T-a.YG>, I bring down, bring home,

restore; fut. -aa>.

Ka/ra-oiuKU), / pursue close ; fut. -Siw-

f.Kara-Svco, (intrans. and Mid.) I sink

down; perf. -SfSvKa, 2 aor . Kar-tSw :

(trans.) in fut. Kara-Svffca, and I aor.

Ka.T-(8vffa, I cause to sink, sink.

Ka.Ta-0edop.ai., / look down upon,

watch, observe; fut. -6(dao(Mi.

Kara-Ocu, 7 run down; fut. -OfvffOfMU.

Kara-Kaito, 7 burn down ; fut. -Kavatu.

KaTa-Ktijiai, 7 lie down; fut. -Ktiffo-

fUU,

K<iTa-K\uu>, I shut in, enclose; fnt.

-K\tiff<a.

Kara-Koirrw, 7 cut down, cut tip ; fut.

-KOÔ).

KaTa-KTaojxai, 7 get or gain for my-self; fut. -ter-fiao/jiai.

Kara-Kxtivw, I kill; {ut.-KTtvw, I aor.

Kar-tKTtiva, 2 aor. -ticravov.

Kara-KuXvio), 7 keep back ; fut. -KcuAv-

ffoo. (iti\v(a, I prevent.)

KaTa-Xap.j3d.vio, 7 seize upon, catch,

overtake, find ; fut. -Xtyopai, perf.

Kar-(i\rj(f>a., I aor. pa^s. Ka

i aor. Kar-t\afiov.

KaTa-\iirw, 7 /eafff behind; fut.

-\etya), 2 aor. nar-i\nrov.

tvw, 7 s/ay behind; fut. -[itvSi,

I aor. tcar-efttiva.

Ta-injSdw, 7 /a/> down; fut.

7 /aW </ow ; fut. -we-

aov/MJt, perf. -irtirrwua, 2 aor. jfar-

JT(TOI'.

Ta-ppiiTTto, 7 Awr/ down, throw

down, scatter ; I aor. tcar-tppuf/a,

-ffKsvdJo), Iprepare,furnish; fut.

-ffKfvaaea. Kara, downright.)

KaTa-aKT)vo), -aw, or -ow, 7 />//cA W2>

/en/, encamp. (Kara, down on the

ground, andfficfjin], tent.)

KaTa-cr<j)dJa), 7 kill, slaughter, 1 aor.

pass. KaT-tff<pdyr]v.

Ka.ra-a")(il<a, I cleave asunder, burst

open (ras irv\as) ; fut. -<j-)(iaa).

KaTa-T(0T)(xi., 7 lay down, establish,

deposit; fut. -Orjffcu, I aor. *ar-

fOrjKa.

KaTa-Tplxw, 7 rw rfown ; fut.

-Spafj.uvfj.ai, 2 aor. Kar-eSpaiiov.

KaTa-câyttv, i aor. infin. with pres.

KaTO-<j>aivo), (Act-) / show, exhibit ;

(Mid.) 7 appear; fut. -(pavu.

Ka,T-taa, I aor. of Kar-ayvvfj.1.

KaT-eiSov, 2 aor. with pres. Kaff-

opata.

KaT-O-0io>, 7 a/ /, devour; fut.

Kar-fSoiJ.ai, 2 aor. -ifpayov.

KaT-xw> -^ AoW, maintain ; reach,

compel; fut. Ka6-tca and aTa-

ffxqcra!, 2 aor. Kar-iexov. (Kard =downright.)

Kar-riY ?***"-^ s#i against, accuse

(with gen.) ; fut. -rjyop-fjffu.

KaT-T)p6p.t5a), 7 ca/m, appease ; i aor .

-rjpepiaa.

KaT-cxi5oj, 7 found (a city) ; fut.

-oiKiau, I aor. -tpKiaa..

KaT-opvTTW, 7 6f/ry ; fut. -opvv, perf.

-op&pvx<*, perf. pass, -op&pvynat., (adv.) down, downwards, below.

206 VOCABULARY.

Ka/Gfxa, -droj, n. heat.

burn.)

Kauai|ios, -ov, fit for burning, con-

btistible.

Kavarpos, -on, m. Cayster, a river in

the little known interior of Phrygia:not to be confounded with the

well-known Cayster, which flows

into the sea at Ephesus.

Kavorpov TrtSt&v, the plain of Cay-

ster, an important town in the

interior of Phrygia : not to be con-

founded with the Cayster-plains near

Ephesus. The northern road from

Byzantium, and the western from

Sardis, joined here on the route to

Iconium and Syria (I. 63).

Kip.ai, I lie; fut. Kflffo/jai. Used as

pass, of ri&rnu,= 7 am placed.

KeXaival, -wi>, f. Celaenae, a town in

Phrygia, east of Colossae (I. 53).

xcXcvib), 7 order, bid, command; fut.

nt\tva<>), I aor. tKt\evffa.

KCVOS, -T), -6v, empty, void.

KtvTpiTtjs, -on, m. the Centrites, an

eastern tributary of the Tigris di-

viding Armenia from the countryof the Carduchi (IV. 370).

Kcpajiciiv 'Ayopa, -as, f. Ceramorum

Agora, a town on the frontiers of

Mysia (I. 63).

Ktpas, Ktpaii (Kfp5.rot), n. a horn ;

the wing of an army, titl Ktpas

ayfiv, to lead in column ; lit.' to

lead towards the wing," f. e. all

facing to the right (or left), instead

of marching with a broad front.

Kcpacrovs, -ovvrot, f. Cerasus, a townin Pontus (VI. pa).

K)>aX-aXYqs, -ft, cawing headache.

(tff(/xiAr), head, and oXyo*, pain.)

K4>a\T), ijt, {. the head.

KT}8op.ai, 7 carefor (with gen.).

KT)piov, -ov, n. a honey-comb.

Kfjpvi{, iiicof, m. a herald.

KT)pVTTw, 7 proclaim, announce; fut.

Kijpvfta, perf. pass. Kderipvyfiat.

KiXiKia, -as, f. Cilicia, the S. E.

coiner of Asia Minor.

KCXio-tra, -rjs, f. a Cilictan woman ; %Kl\iaaa, the Cilician Queen, Epy-axa (I. 67).

Kiv8uvvco, 7 incur danger, run a risk;

= there is a risk that 7 ... (withinfin ; fut. KivSwfvou. (nlvovvos,

danger.)KI; 8iJvos, -on, m. danger, risk.

Kivt'o), 7 move ; fut. Ktvrjffw.

KXcavSpos, -ov, m. Oleander, a Lace-

daemonian ' harmost'

or governor in

Byzantium.

KXcdvcop, -opot, m. Cleanor, an Arca-

dian general (IV. 66).

KXcapxos, -ov, m. Clearchus, chief of

the Greek generals in Cyrus' army:a Spartan commander in the Pelo-

ponnesian war, afterwards condemn-ed to death for disobedience. He

joined Cyrus, and was killed by

treachery of Tissaphernes.

KXctOpov, -ov, n. a bolt, bar, (K\('KU,

I shut.)

K\tio>, 7 shut; fut. *Xff<r, perf.

K(K\dKa, perf. pass. &f\</M and

,7 steal; fut. tc\tycu, perf.

K(K\o<pa, perf. pass. K(ii\(/.ifJ.at.

icXi|xa, -&KOS, f. a ladder.

K\OTTT|, -TJS, f. theft, (XJTTW.)Kvc<)>as, -ao, and -ovs, n. darkness,

twilight. (Cp. ff(pot, a cloud. )

Kvi]|xCs, -iSos, (., in pi. leg armour,

greaves. (KvtjfiTi, the shin-bone.)

KoiXo?, -rj, -ov, hollow.

Koip.da>, (Act.) 7 put to sleep ; (Mid.)Ifall asleep ; fut. Koif^ffea.

icoivos, -17, -6v, common. TO Kotvbv,

the community : euro KOIVOV, at the

public cost.

KOIVUVOS, -ov, m. a sharer, partner.

(KOIVOS, common.)KoXdû, 7 punish ; fut. ico\aff<u, perf.

pass. K(Ku\a<T/jai.

KoXoo-o-ai, -Siv, f. Colossae, a townin Phrygia (I. 50).

KoX\iS, -/5os, f. Colchis, a country at

the eastern extremity of the Black

Sea.

VOCABULARY. 207

K6\xoi, -an>, m. the Colchians or the

people of Colchis.

KoXcovo?, -ov, m. a mound.

Kop.iu, (Act.) I fetch, bring; (Mid.)I return ; i aor. (Koffiaa.

KOVIO.TOS, -(], -6v, plastered. (itovta,

lime-dust.)

KoviopTos, -ov, m. a cloud of dust.

(KOVIS, dust, and opvvfu, I raise.)

Koirpos, -ov, m. dung.KOITTW, I cut down, knock ; fut.

Kojf/<a.

KopvXas, -a, m. Corylas, ruler of

Paphlagonia, and aiming at inde-

pendence from Persia (VI. 323).

Kopv4>T|, -T}S, f. top, summit.

Koo-p.ws, -ov, orderly, under gooddiscipline.

KoTuciipa, -eav, n. Cotyora, a townin Pontus.

Kov4>os, -17, -ov, light, nimble.

Kovcjxds, (adv.) lightly, nimbly.

Kpdvos, -ovs, n. a helmet.

KpuTcu, (with gen.) 7 rule, conquer,

get possession of, (with ace.) hold,

keep; fut. Kpar-fjaea. (tcparos,

strength.)

KpaTTjp, -fjpos, m. a goblet, (ntpav-

vvû, I mix.)

KpaTMrra, adv. of Kpanffrot, most

bravely, best.

KpaTvoros, -rj, -ov, strongest, best,

noblest; used as superl. of a-yaOus.

Kporos, -ovs, n. strength; Kara tcparos,

dvci Kpdros, with all one's might,i.e. at full speed.

Kpa-vyf], -fjs, f. a shout, (xpafa, I

shout.)

Kpcas, aros, n. flesh, meat. Generallyin pi. TO. Kpia.

KptiTTwv, -ov, stronger, better, supe-

rior; from Kparvs, but used as

compar. of a/ya06s.

i, 7 hang (used as Mid. of

fiavvvfii) ; fut. i:pt/.ir;ao/j.ai.

), -T)S, f. a fountain, spring.

-q, -^s, f. barley (often in pi.).

KpiOivos, -rj, -ov, made of barley.olvos KpiOivos, lit.

'

barley wine,' i. e.

beer or whisky.

Kpivci),7 judge, distinguish, consider ;

fut. KptvSi, perf. Kticptita, perf. pass.

KeKptfjuii, I aor. pass. tKpiOrjv.

Kpieris, -us, f. a trial, (Kpivca, I

judge.)

Kporos, -ov, m. a noise (produced by

striking), clapping of hands.

Kpovco, 7 strike, clash ; fut. upovaos.

Kpvirrw, 7 A/rfe, conceal ; fut. Kpfyo),

perf. KtKpvtya, perf. pass. Kt/cpvpnai,I aor. pass. ixpv(p0r]v.

KTaopai, 7 acquire, gain, possess; fut.

KTi7<ro/i(, perf. Kticrrjfiai.

KTcCvu, 7 iti//, s/fly, />w/ /o </z/& ; fut.

KrevSi, i aor. ticTtiva. For the

passive BvrjffKOi), 7 die, is used.

KTTJVOS, -ovs, n. property; (plural)

cattle, beasts of burden. (KTOO/MU,7 acquire.)

KTr|o-op.ai, fut. of KTao/jat.

KvppW|Tr)S, -ou, m. a steersman, pilot,

(Lat. gubernator.)

KvfiKT]v6s, -^, oi', o/ or /rowi Cyzicus,a town in the Propontis.

KvJiKTjvos, sc. ffrarrjp, a Cyzicene, or

gold coin of Cyzicus, worth about a

Napoleon, i6s.

KiJîKog, -ov, f. Cyzicus, a peninsulaand town on the Propontis or Sea of

Marmora.

KiJicXos, -ov, m. a circle, ring ; KVK\O>,all round, lit- in a circle.

KVK\6o>, 7 encircle, surround; fut.

KVK\uffca.

KvXiv8o, 7 roll.

KWIO-KOS, -ov, m. Cyniscus, a Spartan

governor in the Chersonese.

Kvpos, -ov, m. Cyrus the younger, the

second of the two sons of Darius

Nothus; killed at Cunaxa, 8.0.401.

(Cyrus the Great founded the Persian

monarchy, took Babylon, and re-

leased the Jews, 538 B.C.)

KViiiv, KVVOS, m. and f. a dog. (Lat.

canis, Eng. hound.)KCO\VO>, 7 hinder, prevent ; fut

KcaXvao).

KcLjiT), -qs, f. a village.

208 VOCABULARY.

A.

Aaj3Tv, Xafjaov, 2 aor. infin. and part.of \afj.pdvai.

AaYXavu, / obtain by lot, obtain, get ;

ft t. \rjo/juii, perf. (i\r]\a, perf. pass.

(t\rjypai, 2 aor. f\aôv.

Ad6pa, secretly, (with gen.) without

the knowledge of.

AaKtSaipdvios, -a, -ov, Lacedaemo-

nian, or inhabitant of Lacedaemonor Sparta, in Peloponnesus. Thenobles were called Spartans. All

Spartans were Lacedaemonians, but

all Lacedaemonians were not Spar-tans.

XCIKKOS, -ov, m. a hole, pit. (Lat.

locus.)

Adxcov, -uvos, m. a Laconian, a free

citizen of the country near Sparta.

Xap.fjdvu>, 1 take, seize, receive, (with

gen. take hold of): fut.

perf. tt\rj<pa, perf. pass. t"t

2 aor. i\a$ov.

AafxirpoTTjs, -rrros, f. brightness,

splendour (Ka.ft.irpot. bright).

Xdp.ir, I shine, gleam; fut. Kantyw.

Aa|ii|/aKT]v6$, -ov, m. a Lampsacene,or inhabitant of Lampsacus.

AduvJ/aKos, -ov, f. Lampfacns, a townin the north of Mysia on the

Hellespont, now Lamsaki, nearly

opposite Gallipoli (VIII. 485).Xav6dv, (Act.) I lie hid, escape

notice, (with ace.) escape notice of,

hence with part. (I do a thing)unawares; (Mid.) 7 forget; fut.

\$aa), perf. \4\rj0a, perf. pass.

\i\rjafjuii, 2 aor. (\aOov.

Aax<ov, 2 aor. part, of \ayxav >-

XYU I I say, speak ; fut. Aô>, i aor.

Ata, perf. pass.

Xcia, -as, f. booty, spoil.

Xciiroi, 7 leave, forsake, abandon; fut.

Afloat, perf. \t\oina, 2 aor. cAdror.

XcXcivj/Ofjiai, paulo-post fut. of \(iirca.

XtXonra, perf. of \(imu.

XcvKo-0upa|, -a/to, m.' and f. wearinga white breastplati.

XCUKOS, -17, -(5v, white.

XTIYÎ I cease, leave off'; fut. A^w.Xi]i$o|jiav, 7 plunder, ravage. (Ana,

plunder.)

ATJITTOS, -a, -W, wws/ 6e /n^, verbal

adj. of Aa/i/Sdfo;.

-ou, m. a robber. (Aej'a,

XTJO-W, fut.

XT)t|/o(xai, fut. of Aa/x/Sdcw.

XiOos, -ov, m. a stone.

XIJATJV, -vos, m. a harbour, haven.

Xtjios, -oC, in. hunger, famine.

Xoyos, -ov, m. a word, speech, report;in pi. a conference. (A7<u, 7 speak.)

\6f\T], -rjs, f. a spear-head, lance.

XoiSopcw, 7 rail at, abuse; fut. Aoi-

SopTjatu.

Xoiiros, -^, -(5i', remaining, left; TO

\oiitov, (l) (subst.) the remaining

part, (a) (adv.) henceforward; ol

\oiirol, the rest. (Lat. reliqui.)

X64>os, -ov, m. a hill, eminence.

Xoxayos, -oO, a captain, (\6xos, a

company, and ^yiofMt, I lead.)

Xoxos, "Ov, m. a company (generallyof a hundred men).

AvBia, -as, f. Lydia, in Asia Minor.

AVKIOS, -ov, m. Lycius, an Athenian

cavalry officer (IV. 152).

AVKUV, -twos, m. Lycon, an Achaean ;

one of the deputies sent to Heraclea

(VII. 43).

XVTTCOI, I grieve, pain, distress, (\vinj,

grief.)

Xvmrj, -ijt, f. grief, sorrow.

\v<a, I loose, release, (of oaths and

treaties) 7 break; (Mid.) 7 redeem,

ransom; fut. Aww, perf. \f\vKa,

perf. pass. AcAv/MU, i aor. pass.

(\v0rjv.

M.

MaiavSpos, -ov, m. the Maeander, a

river between Lydia and Caria (I.

47)-

ai, 7 am maJ; perf. nt'/^ra

(with pres. meaning), 2 aor. pass.

VOCABULARY. 209

Maio-do'T]s, -ov, in. Maesades, king of

Thrace, father of Seuthes (VIII.

137)-

MaKicrrtos, -ov, m. a Macistian, or

inhabitant of Macistus, a town of

Elis in the N. W. of Peloponnesus.

p.aKp6s, -a, -ov, long, great, large;

comp. (MKpuTfpos, super!. fJUiKpo-

TO.TOS (also ftaaatuv, /j.rjKtffros).

(laKpo-repov, comp. adv. further.

MaKpcoves, -oui/, m. the Macrones, a

tribe of Pontus, bordering on the

Euxine.

p.dXa, much, very; comp. p.a\Xov,

more, superl. |A<iXioTa, most, especi-

ally. With numerals, at most, i. e.

about.

(j.av0dvoj, 7 learn, understand; fut.

fjLa6ri<TOnat, perf. ne^dOrjaa, i aor.

(fM00V.

jxavreia, -as, f. a prediction, oracle.

MavTivtis, -uiv, m. Mantineans, or

natives of Mantinea, in Arcadia.

p,dvns, -(us, m. a prophet, sooth-

sayer.

(Aapcrnros, -ov, m. afcflj'.

(jtaprvplo), 7 a/n a witness, testify,

(pdprvs, a witness.) [Eng. martyr.]

MapwveCTrjS, -ov, m. a Maronean, or

native of Maronea, in Thrace.

liaaTi-yow, 7 scourge, flog; fut. /taa-

Tiyuffw, (i*daTi, a scourge.)

\na\aipa, -as, f. scimetar, sabre.

), -i;s, f. a fight, battle.

7 ./Jg'fa (with dat.) ; fut.

ai, perf. /te^d^/iai.

rpcirus, magnificently; comp.-tarfpov, superl. -fOTara. (Adv.of (ntyaXo-irpcntfS, from

(jit-yas,

great, and irpiirfi, it is conspicu-

ous.)

cYdpcv;, -tais, m. n Megarean, or

native of Megara on the Isthmus,north of Corinth.

uyas, fJ,tya\r), fj.tfa, great, large,

important, (of sound) /ow<f ; comp.fitiûv, superl. niyioros.

icOvco, Iam drunk; fut. -vow. (i*(0v,

pure wine, Lat. mervm.)

|xeij[(i)v, comparative of (ttyas (for

, -a, -OK, m/W, gracious, a

title of Zeus.

p.ivcu, I aor. infin. of /wViw.

(j.eicov, -cw, -ov, smaller, less, inferior.

(Comp. of (impos.)

MeXavBiTcu, m. the Melandltae, or

inhabitants of Melandia in Thrace,N. W. of Byzantium.

p.t\as, fj.f\atva, /xXaf, black; comp.ft(\dvrtpos, superl. /ieXdi/raTO*.

|xc\ci, (impers.) it concerns, is a care to,

(with dat.) as pf\et poi, it is a care

to me, i. e. 7 care ; fut. /uXijfffj.

[xeXfrdcj, 7 practise ; fut. fi(\erâu.

(AcXivrj, -TJS, f. millet, a kind of corn

smaller than maize.

, 7 am about to do, intend,

delay ; fut. /\A.^<r<u : TO fjifKXov,

thefuture.

i, 7 remember ; perf. pass, of

, in middle sense, fut.

p,tv, lit.

'

/Ae _/frs/ place, on the one

hand (answered by 8) ; often

rendered by a stress on the pre-

ceding word. "O uiv, the one . . . &

8, the other, of uiv, some . . . ol

5J, others.

JJUVTOI, however; certainly.

|xcv(o,7 remain, (trans.) waitfor; fut.

Itti/o), perf.

Mcvcov, -twos, m. Menon, one of the

Greek generals, a Thessalian (I.

58).

p.pos, -ofs, n. a part, share ; division

(of army) ; specimen.

p.o-r]p.ppLa, -as, f. mid-day. (Lat.

mertdies.)

(jLecro-Yaios, -a, -oi*, midland, the in-

terior. (ntffos, middle, and 717,

land.)

l-u'cros, -;, -ov, middle, midst, (Lat.

medius) ; rb ptaov, the centre (ofan army), fJ-fffrj fj^tpa, or fifffov

f)H(pas, mid-day., -)J, -6v,full (with gen.)

210 VOCABULARY.

)i(T&, prep, with gen. and ace. [root

meaning, 'in the middle' (/<ros).]I. with gen. with, in company with.

II. with ace. next to, after. Obs.

pera. ravra, after these things, but

ptra, TOVTCUV, with these (men).In Composition, i. sharing with ; ii.

after (with verbs of motion), as

p( ra-Tffpiropai ; iii. change, as ptra-

ftyvuffKO), I change my mind.

|xcra-}xtXci, impers. it repents (with

dat.) ; fut. -p\riffd.

n-irw, generally in Mid. \itra-

irc|xiro|i<u, / send for, summon ;

fut. -TTf^'Ofât.

l. prep. %vith gen., up to, as far

as ; also conjunction, until.

HT|, not, the dependent negative

answering roughly to Lat. ne; i.

not, with other particles, as el pi),

if not, unless; 'iva. pi), di* pi), oirais

pi), that not, or lest ; ii. that not, or

not to with infin. as opvvpi pi) fXtlv pi)

iroKiv, I bid you not to do it; iii.

with participle, if not, as pi) iroiSrv,

if he does not do= tl pi) iroift; iv.

that, or lest, after verbs of fearing,as oiootm pi) iroii7<rjjs, 7 fear that

or lest you may do ; so =from after

verbs of hindering, as muAva> at pi)

wottiv, I hinderyou from doing ; v.

in directly forbidding, with pres.

imper. or aor. subj. as pi) void, donot do it (as a habit), pi) -noways,d? not do it (now).

*T)5, (conj). neither, nor, not even.

iTjStts, -fpla, -iv, no one, (lit. pij&i

(It, not even one.)

p.T)8(iroTt, (adv.) never (lit. not even

ever).

M-qSia, -as, f. Media, south of the

Caspian, west of the Tigris.

M-qSoKos, -ov, m.Meddcus, king of the

Odrysians in Thrace (VIII. 141).

Mi)8o<ra8T)s, -ov, m. Medosddes, a

Thracian, envoy of Scathes (VIII.

117).

JITJKCTV, (adv.) no longer.

p.T|v, truly indeed. (Lat. vero) ; teal

pr)v, moreover.

p.T|v, pt)v6t, a month.

jiT|7roT, (adv.) never, (pi) and TTOT^.)

[XT]pds. -ov, m. the thigh.

(iTjre, (prj, T(), nor; prjrf . . . pjrf,neither . . . nor ; p'qrt . . . Tt, not

only not . . . but.

[XT|r]p, -rput, {. a mother.

p.TjTpo-iroXis, -tews, f. the mother-city ;

capital.

(iT]xavao(jLo.i, 7 contrive, plan, devise;

fut. -rjaopai, perf. ptpj)\dvrjpat.

(pr)\avi), a device.)

(rrjxavT|, -7)s, f. means, device, con-

trivance. (Lat. machina.)

jita, fern, of fls, one.

Mi6pi8drr|S, -ov, m. Mithridates, a

Persian satrap of Cappadocia (IV.

, -<i, -ov, small, little. Comp.pueportpos, (\arTOJV and pticov :

sup. pitcporaros and t\dxtffros,

pixp6v n, some little (money).Kara, ptiepov, in small portions.

|U|xvT|o-K, (Act.) 7 remind, (Mid.) 7

remember, mention, fut. pvf]cropat,

perf.pepvnpat, with present meaning.

|uo-f(i>,7 hate; fut. -j'jatu. (picrot,

hatred.)

(xt<T0o-86Trjs, 'Ov, m. a pay-master.

\ptff6os, pay, and oiSupt, I give).

Hi(r96s, -oC, m. pay, reward.

p.vrioro(iai, fut. of piptrfiffKO}.

p.6\is, (adv.) with difficulty.

jiovov, (adv.) only (properly neot. o/

p6vot).

fiovos, -T), -ov, alone, only.

MocrcrvvoiKoi, -<w, m. the Mossynoeci,a people in Asia Minor, on the Black

Sea, west of Trapezus (p6<rawf

wooden tower, OIKtea, I dwell).

pv, 7 suck in, lit. 'drink in with

closed lips.' (pv, mute.)

MvpiavSpos, -ov, f. Myriandrus, a

town between Issus and Antioch

(I. 165).

pvpicis, -dSoi, f. ten thousand in num-

ber, a myriad.

VOCABULARY.

[0,-upioi, -at, -a, ten thousand; [vupCoi,

countless, numberless. (Distinguish

by accents.)

Mvaia, -as, f. Mysia, the N. W.province of Asia Minor.

jjio)p6s, -d, '6v, foolish.

N.

vat, (adv.) yes.

vain], -77*, f. a woody dell, glen.

vdiros, -ovs, n. = vaiTT).

vaiJ-apôs, ov, ni. the commander ofa fleet, an admiral, (vavs, a ship,

and ap\ca, I command.)

vav-irr)Y11<n

|loS> ' ov

> ustfi'l for ship-

building, (vavs, and wfjyvvfu, I

fasten.)

va(3s, v(dis, pi. vrjts, f. a ship.

vaviriKos, -17, -6v, naval, (vavs, ship.)

vsavicTKo?, -ov, m. a young man, a

youth.

vcxpos, -ov, m. a dead body, corpse.

vt|A, (i) / distribute, (2) divide as

. pasture, hence Pass. v(/j.fffQai, to be

grazed on ; npia v(Vfftr)/j.tva, meat

divided, i.e. slices of meat, fut. vtyaa,

perf. vtvifajKa, I aor. tvet/jia.

veo-Bapros, -ov, newly flayed, (veos,

new, and Septa, Iflay.)vcos, -a, -ov, fresh, young. Comp.

vewrtpos; super), vcairaros.

vcupa, -as, f. a sinew, cord for asling,

bow-string.

vevcrojjuu, fut. of vlo>.

v(j>\T|, -r)s, f. a cloud, mist.

V(o, I swim, fut. vtvaopai.

Nwv, -cavos, m. Neon, an Asinaean,successor of Cheirisophus, and op-

ponent of Xenophon.VIKO.W, 7 conquer, overcome, prevail;

fut. VlK-fjOO).

viKi], -rjs, f. victory, conquest.

void), / perceive, observe ; fut. voiycrw,

I aor. Ivorjffa. (yoos, mind.)

vojAifw, 7 consider, think; I aor.

fv6i*!cra, perf. pass. vtv6ijuafmt.

ra vomtfutva, rites of burial, lit.

' the things considered usual.'

v6|Ufios, ~q, -ov, customary, usual

vojxos, -ov, ni. custom, law.

vdos, -ov, m. contr. voOs, vov, etc

mind, thought, intention.

v6<ros, -ov, f. disease, sickness.

VOTOS, -ov, m. the south wind. (Lat.

Notus.)

WKTcpevia, I pass the night, bivouac ;

fut. -f5o"o. (vv .)

vvv, (adv.) now. (Lat. nunc.) o vvv

Xpovos, the present time.

vvj, VVKTOS, f. night; VVKTOS, by night,

rfjv vvKTa, all night long.VWTOV, -ov, n. the back.

B.

SevCas, -ov, m. Xenias, a general from

Arcadia, who deserted Cyrus (I.

167).EV(CO, 7 entertain, I aor. ((viffa.

(evos, a guest-friend.)

|vu>s, -a, -ov, hospitable ; neut. pi,

tvia,friendly gifts, presents.

vos, -ov, m. a guest-friend, stranger.

Hevo4>uiV, -3>VTOS, m. Xenophon, an

Athenian, born B.C. 444, a pupil of

Socrates, who carried him out of

the battle of Delium (B.C. 424)on his shoulders. Xenophon was

strongly opposed to the popular

government at Athens, and an ad-

mirer of the Spartan oligarchy ; he

was therefore glad to leave Athens

in 401 and join Cyrus, on the in-

vitation of his friend Proxenus, a

Theban, whose acquaintance he had

made when he was a prisoner at

Thebes. After the murder of

Clearchus he was made commanderof the army. In the spring of 399he gave over the army to Thibron

the Spartan and returned to Athens,

Socrates had been put to death, and

Xenophon was banished for havingjoined Cyrus, an ally of the Spartans.He then fought in Asia under the

Spartan king Agesilaus, and on the

P I

112 VOCABULARY.

return of the latter to Greece he

even fought on hit side against his

own countrymen at Coronea, B.C.

394, for which the Spartans rewarded

him with a gift of land near Olym-pia. He lived there till 371, andthen went to Corinth, where he

died, probably about 355. Besides

the Anabasis, his chief works are

(1) the Hellenica, a Greek historyfor forty-eight years, ending with

the battle of Mantinea, B.C. 362 ;

(2) Memorabilia, or memoirs of So-

crates'conversations ; ($)Cyropaedia,or the education of the elder Cyrus,founder of the Persian monarchy.In the Hellenica he attributes the

authorship of the Anabasis to one

Themistogenes of Syracuse, pro-

bably a nom de plume for him-

self.

Hpr]S, -ov, m. Xerxes, king of Persia,

son of Darius I (Hystaspes) ;he in-

vaded Greece, and was defeated at

Salamis, B.C. 480.

i<}>os, -ovs, n. a sword.

v\tvos, -rj, -or, wooden. (fvXov.)

v\ov, -ov, n. wood.

o.

i >), T<5, (i) the def. art. the ; (2) pro-noun he, she, as o 8t tlntv, and he

said.

6|3XCcrKos, -ov, m. a little spit or spear.

6ySoT)KovTa, eighty.

58, %$(, r6S(, this, properly, this one

here. It often refers to what is

coming, as Z\(t raSt , he spoke as

follows.

o86s, -ov, f. a way, road, journey, ex-

pedition.

'O8pv<n)S, -ow, m. an Odrysian, or one

of the Odry&ae, a Thracian tribe

(viii. 139)-50v, (adv.) whence; from whom or

from which.

oitca8, (adv.) homewards. (oticot,

homt.)

olSa, 7 know, perf. used as pres., fromfTSov (2 aor. with pres. opatu).

Plural tffptv, larf, taaffi, imperat."aBi.

oiKelos, -a, -ov, domestic; ot olxfTot,

one's family, lit.' those at home.'

O'IKCCO, 7 dwell, live, (trans.) inhabit ;

fut. oiicfiffu, perf. pass. <aKrjfJ.ai.

oiKT|(ia, -O.TOS, n. a dwelling, house.

oliaa, -as, f. a house.

OIK ifa> 7 found, settle ; I aor. ytciaa,

perf. wKiajj.a.1.

oiKoOev, (adv.) /rowi AOJH*. (of/fos,

home.)OIKOI, (adv.) a/ Aom. Properly a

locative case of ottos.

ottcos, -ov, m. a house, home. (LatV/CKS.)

oT|xai. See oioîai.

olvos, -ov, m. wine. (Lat. vtnum.)

oivoxoos, -ov, m. a cup-bearer. (oTvot,

and X*4*!I pour.)

oiop.ai, contr. otfiai, / think, suppose ;

fut. olrjaofuu, I aor. yrjOrjv, imperf.

olos, -a, -oj', U//U2/ 5or/ p/, (swcA) as.

(Lat. qualis.) ol6s ri tipi, 7 amable ; ol6v ri tan, it is possible.

OLS, oi'ds, f. sheep (Lat. oir/s) ; ace. pi.

oft.

oixopcu, 7 am gone, I depart; fut.

ouovos, -ov, m. (i) a large bird, bird

ofprey : hence (2) an omen.

6xXa<o, 7 bend the knee, crouch down;

OKVOS, -ov, m. a shrinking, reluctance,

unwillingness.

oKxaicis-xtAioi, -at, -a, eight thousand.

OKTU, eight. (Lat. octo.)

oXtcrai, I aor. iuilii. act. of oXAv/u.

6X1705, -17, -ov, few, small; 0X170$

rA.77d na.itiv, to strike too fewblow*.

oXurOdvu, 7 slip; fut. oKiaOrfaca, a

aor. wXtaOov.

oXos, -i), -ov, whole, entire.

6(ia\6s, -^, -(Ji', even, level, smooth.

5(iT)po$, ov, m. a hostage.

VOCABULARY. 213

6p.ixXi], ->;, f. a mist,fog.o(Avv(jn, 7 swear; i aor. uftoffa, perf.

6p.tijjj.oKa, perf. pass. oiiwpoaiuu.

o(j.oios, -a, -ov, //'fo.

6|j.oicos, (adv.) likewise, equally.

opoXoyoj, / acknowledge, confess,

agree ; fut. -7j<r<w.

op-OCTcu, I aor. infin. act. of opwfu.6|xoO, (adv.) together.

o|Xb>s, (adv.) ye/, nevertheless.

dvap, n. a dream ; pi. ovtipara (onlyin nom. and ace.).

6vf|crci>, fut. of OVIVTJ/JU.

6vivT]pa, 7 iewe/?/ ; fut. oj^ffw, I aor.

uvrjffa, I aor. pass. uvrj0T)v.

ovo|xa, -arcs, n. a name.

ovoiiaori, (adv.) by name, (ovop.a.)

ovos, -ov, in. and f. an ass.

oirrj, (adv.) (I) where ; (a) in what

way, as.

6mo-(Uv, (adv.) behind.

6mo-9o-4>vXaKo, / guard the rear ;

fut. -rjffco. (uiriaOtv, and <pv\aaaaj,I guard.)

6iricr0o-4>vXaida, -as, f. the commandof the rear-guard.

6ma6o-<|>vXci, -a/cos, m. commander

of the rear-guard, pi. 6ma0o-4>xiXais, the rear-guard.

OTcicra), (adv.) back.

6irXiu>, / arm; 1 aor. Snr\iaa, perf.

pass. &TT\io~nat. (oirKa, arms.)oTfXiTvtt, fut. -(vatu, I serve as a

hoplite or heavy-armed soldier.

oirXiTtjs, -ot, in. a hoplite, or heavy-armed soldier. (oirXa, arms.)

oirXov, -ov, n. a heavy shield; mostlypi. bir\a, (heavy) arms, tv rofs

on\ois, under arms ; (Is TO, on\a,to the arms, i. e. the place where the

arms were piled in camp.oiroi, (adv.) whither, where.

OTTOtos, -a, -ov, what sort cf. (Lat.

qnalis.)

OTroeros, -77, -ov, how great; in pi.

oTTOffoi, how many, as many as. Neut.

oiroow, as much as, as far as.

otTorav, whenever, with subj. (pnort,dv.)

*, whenever, with opt.

o-irou, (adv.) where, wherever.

OTTOJS, (i) how: (a) in order that, that.

opdco, 7 see : fut. Sif/ofMi, imperf. iw-

poiv, perf. fwpaiea, perf. pass. v///cu,

I aor. pass. w<f>6r)v, fut. pass. 6<pOr]-

aofiat, 2 aor. tloov.

opyr\, -fjs, f. anger, passion.

6p-yio|ji.ai, 7 am enraged; perf. upyia-

fiai, I aor. dipyiaOrjv.

opeivos, -fi, -6v, mountainous, hilly ;

opttvol Qpanfs, the Hill Thracians.

(opos, a mountain.)

opOios, -a, -ov, upright, steep; TO

opfftov, the slope; opOwi \o\oi,

companies in column, as opposed to

</>aA.a"y (troops in line).

6p96s, -17, -6v, straight, upright.

6'pOpos, -ov, m. the dawn.

opOcos, (adv.) rightly. (opQos.)

opijco, 7 bound, limit, define; I aor

uptffa, perf. pass. eupt<r/KU.

opiov, -ov, n. a boundary, frontier.

opKOS, -ov, m. an oath. (Lat. Orcus' the lower world/ by which they

swore.)

6p|xoLo>, (Act.) (i) (trans.) I incite; (2)

(intrans.) rush; (Mid.) 7 set out;

fut. op/xijaeo, perf. SipnqKa, perf. pass.

upny(MI. (oputl, an impulse.)

6p|xcw, 7 lie at anchor ; fut. opurjaca,

imperf. wppow, aorist supplied by

opiu^ca. (op/jiot, a harbour.)

opp-T], -175, f. impulse, movement ; iv

6pt*.rj,on the start.

6p|xio>, (Act.) 7 bring to anchor,

moor ; I aor. &p(uaa, (Mid.) 7 lie

at anchor, (oppos, a harbour.)

opveov, -ov, n. a bird.

opvis, Wos, m. and f. a bird, fowl.

'OpovTt]S, -ov, m. Orontes. (i) a

Persian put to death by Cyrus for

treachery (I. 228). (2) a satrap ol

Armenia (IV. 250).

opos, -ous, n. a mountain.

opo<|>os, -ov, m. thatch, roof.

6pVTTW, 7 dig ; fut. opvca, perf. opca-'

pv\a, perf. pass. opwpvyfMt, vert>.

adj. o

214 VOCABULARY.

5p4>av6s. -TI, -ov, an orphan.

>pX<op.ai, I dance ; fut. b

opxT|(ns, -ecus, f. a dance.

6pxi]OTpis, -iSos, f. a dancing girl.

'Opxofitvios, -a, -ov, Orchomenian,or an inhabitant of Orchomenus, a

town in Arcadia,

os, i], o, (rel. pronoun) who, which ;

often with the antecedent omitted,

he who, that which ; iv $ (sc.

Xpovqi), during which (time), i.e.

while.

oo-os, -??, -ov, howgreat (Lat. quantus),

(pi.) 00-01, how many, as many as,

(Lat. quot).

oo-os-irtp, oatj-vtp, oaov-irtp, as greatas ; in pi. as many as.

os-iip, ij-iT(p, o-Titp, who, which, justthe one who.

6<rirpiov, -ov, n. pulse,

OS-TVS, ij-Tis, o rt, who, which, who-

ever; gen. OTOV for OV-TIVOS, dat.

OTW for UTIVI. if OTOV (sc. \po-

vov), since.

OTOV, (conj.) whenever (always with

subj.).

OT, (conj.) when (with ind. and opt.).

OTV, (conj.) (i) that; (2) because.

o TI, neuter of corn. 6 n is used

like Lat. quam with superl., as o TI

w\tf(TTo, as may as possible.

OTtp. See OS-TIS.

ov, RO/, no (Lat. non) ; before a vowelOVK ; before an aspirate ovx-

ov, dat. of, ace. I, (pers. pron.) ofhim-

*elf.f

ov8a}XT|, (adv.) nowhere, in no way,on no occasion.

ouSap.ws, no-how, by no means.

ovSc, (adv.) (i) but not, nor; ovrt . .

ov$t, neither . . nor, (2) yet, not even.

ou8is, ovotftia., ovoiv, no one, none ;

ovSiv, (adverbially), in no way, not

at all. (ou5t fit, not even one.)

OUK. See ov.

OVKTV, (adv.) no longer.

otitcow, not therefore, surely not.

Distinguish by accent from

OVIKOVV, therefore, then. (Probably

orig.= OVKOW ; interrogative now

distinguished by accent.)

ovv, therefore, then (Lat. igitvr).

ovirort, never.

ouirci), not yet.

oupayos, -ov, m. the leader of the

rear-guard, (ovpti, tail.)

oupaYos, -ov, m. heaven, sky. votop (

ovpavov = rain.

ovs, wros, n. the ear.

OWTC, neither, nor.

OVTOS, avTTj, TOVTO, (dem. pronoun),this.

OUTOS-I, avrrj-i, TOVTI, this here (Lat.

hic-ce).

OUTW, before a vowel ovrus, so, thus.

o\r%. See oi.

o<}>\os, benefit, service, use, (onlyused in nom. and ace.).

64>0oAp.6s, -ov, m. the eye. (fyo/Mi,I shall see; fut. with pres. opaoj.)

6x">, (Act.) 7 carry, (Mid.) 7 ride;

fut. o^ffcw.

6xT|[Aa, -O.TOS, n. a vehicle, support.

c>X^T]> -ns, f. a bank (of a river).

OX^DS, -ov, m. crowd, people, (Lat.

vulgus); campfollowers ofan army,

oÂo? iraptxWt to g'*e trouble.

6\|/^, (adv.) late.

6v|;ios, -a, -ov, in the evening, (oif/ia,

sc. w/w, the evening.)

o4>is, -tow, f. appearance, sight,

spectacle, (oiô/xai.)

i, fut. with pres. op&ta.

n.

v, -ov, n. the pancratium,a contest in wrestling and boxing.

(iray, and Kparos, strength.)

irolOo?, -ovt, n. suffering; (vaffxoi, I

suffer.) o, rt TO itdOot tin, whatwas the matter.

Tra0u>v, -ovaa, -ov, 3 aor. part, of

traiavijo), 7 raise the paean, (warcry or song of victory.) (irotdi',

the paean.)

iraiScia, -a*, f. education, training.

VOCABULARY, 215

iroiSiov, -ot, n. a child; (dim. of

wafs.)

irals, wa<5os, m. and f, a child, (boy or

girl.)

ircuu, 7 strike; fut. naiffoa, I aor.

(iraicfa.

irdXcu, (adv.) long ago. (ird\at 6pS>,

I have long been seeing, and so with

other verbs, like Lat. jamdudumvideo.)

miX.aiw, 7 wrestle, fut. -aiata.

jrdXr], -77$, f. wrestling. (ird\\o>, I

shake.)

iraXiv, (adv.) back, again.jraXrov, -ov, n. a spear, javelin.

(ird\\(u, I shake.)

tranTrXT)0T|s, -'s, very numerous.

n-djnroXvs, --no\\i], -iro\v, very many.

iravTaircKTi^v), (adv.) altogether,

wholly, entirely.

iravToios, -a, -ov, of all sorts, (was.)

irdvv, (adv.) altogether, very, fully.

(Tras.)

Trapd, prep, with gen., dat., and

ace. (root meaning beside). I.

with gen.from, especially of persons,as ol Trapd /3a<r<Xa>s, the (messen-

gers) from the king, [lit.' from

beside']. II. with dat. at, near,

with, especially, at the house of,

[lit.'at the side

'].III. with ace.

i. of motion to a point, to; ii. of

motion along a line, along, on the

side of, as napa, 0d\arrav, alongthe sea (coast) ; nap' damSa, on the

shield side, i.e. on the left; iii. of

time, during; iv. (metaphorically)

compared with, as napa ravra,because of, besides ; hence beside the

mark, i. e. contrary to, as napa rovs

vofjiovs, against the laws. In Com-

position, i. beside, or near, as irdp-

(tfj.1, 'I am near,' or 'present;' ii.

beyond, or 'beside the mark,' as

trapa-fla'tvo}, I transgress.

rmpu [3oT)0fo>, I come to help; fut.-^croj.

wap-<ryyA\a), Icommand, give orders ;

(lit. 'pass the word ofcommand along

d) the line ; ') I aor. -ij77iXa.

i, I come up, am pre-sent ; fut. -7V77<ro/âi, a aor. irap-

irap-d.Y&> >7 bring along, especially

lead from column into line; fut.

-da>, 2 aor. -rjfayov.

irapdSsio-os, -ov, m. a park. (Persian

word, hence Eng. paradise.)

irapa-BiSwfu, 7 hand over, give up,

surrender; fut. -S&ffcu, I aor. irap-

towKa, I aor. pass. -tooQrjv.

irap-aivco), 7 recommend, exhort, ad-

dress ; fut. -atvfffo).

irapa-Ka\ti>, 7 send for, summon,exhort; fut. -na\ecr<u.

irapd-Ki(Jiai, 7 lie beside, or near;fut. -Kficronai. (Used as the passiveof ira/>a-T(0?;/xt.)

irapa-KeXcvofxcu, I exhort, encourage;fut. -Kf\(VffOfMLl.

irapa-KtXeuo-is, gen. -ecus, f. a cheering

on, encouraging.

jrapa-Xa|Apdv, 7 take over, receive,

take to myself; fut. -Xjô/xcu, perf.

trap-fi\rj(f>a, 2 aor. -cXa/Soi/.

Trapa-TT(jnrw, 7 send along, escort;

fut.-irefîf/ea.

irapa-irXcw, 7 sail past, sail along;flit. -TT\(VffOfiai.

irapaaaYYIS, -ov, m. a parasang, or

Persian measured distance = 30stadia, or 3! miles.

Trapa-<rKud, 7 gel ready, prepare ;

so Mid. prepare for (my own) use;

fut. -aietvdffaj, perf. pass. irap-faKfva-

0710.1.

irapa-oxevfi, -JJs, f. preparation.

irapa-TaTTu, 7 <fraw> up, arrange

(irapd, sz'efe 6y side, i. e. m order of

battle) ; fut. -Taa;, perf. pass. -T-

.

irapa-Tttvw, 7 stretch out, extend

(<pd\a.'Yya) ; fut. ^rfvu, I aor.

.

irapa-Ti0Ti|jii, 7 /ay down beside; fut.

-Oriffca, 2 aor. mid. -(OtjJirjt'.

irapa-Tpexu, 7 r// 6y, rww />as/ :

fut. -Sâ/*oi5/iai, 2 aor. irap-tSpa-

pat*

2l6 VOCABULARY.

irap-t yYvdu, ^ /'7SS (the word) /rowAfl/jd /o /tawrf, command.

irdp-eiu.i, 7 cm present, arrive: fut.

-iaonat, impf. irap-^v. (tv T ira-

povn, at the present time.)

irdp-eip.1, / pass by, pass on ; impf.

vap-y'dv.

n-ap-tXaww, 7 march past, ride

past, i aor. -jjAatra.

irap-pxou.ai, 7 ô />as/, pass along,

pass through ; 2 aor. -fi\6ov.

irap-X<>. 7 furnish, supply ; render,

produce (<p6ftov), (with kavrov,

give myself over to ; irpay/j.aTa

irap-t'xtiv, to give trouble); 2 aor.

-tff\ov, impf. -cfxov.

irap-Tjicio, I reach, extend along ;

fut. -ijfcy.

ITapOvios, -ov, m. the Parthenius, a

river dividing Paphlagonia from

Bithynia.

Ildpiov, -ov, n. Parium, a town in

Mysia (VIII. 109).

irap-icmjfJU, (trans.) 7 place by, set

near; (intrans. 2 aor. and perf.)I stand by ; fut. irapa-ffrrjaaj, I aor.

irap-fffTi]ffa, 2 aor. trap-fffTrjv.

irdp-o8os, -ov, f. a passage, (vapd,

alongside, and 6So, a road.)

Tlapvo-QTis, -<8o, f. Parysdtis, motherof Artaxerxes Mnemon, and Cyrusthe younger,

was, iraaa, nav, all, every. (rii

itavra, (i) the whole, everything;

(2) adv. completely.)

ITaauov, -euros, in. Pasion, a generalfrom Megara, who deserted Cyrus

(I. 167).

naaxw, 7 suffer, suffer misfortune;fut. wtiffoftai, 2 perf. vtnoi/Oa, 2

aor. iiraOov. (tv, or KCIKUH vaaxtiv,to be well or ill treated.)

Trardo-o-w, 7 strike; fut. iraraêu,

t aor. iirdraâ. See irXtp-rw.

IlaTi]YW*. *>", rn. Pategyas, a

Persian, in the army of Cyrus (II. 4).

ira-rrip, varpos, m. a father.

irarpts, -loot, f. native country, father-

land. (Lat patria.)

trorpyos, -o, -ov, hereditary, ancestral.

iravKo, (Act.) 7 cause to cease, put a

stop to; (Mid.) 7 cease, stop; fnt.

iravffoi, perf. irtiravKa, perf. pass.

WfTTO.Vfl.at.

ITa<|>XaYovia, -as, f. Paphlagonia, a

district of Asia Minor, on the south

coast of the Euxine, between Bithy-nia and Pontus. It was famous for

its cavalry.

na4>Xa*yuv, -6vos, m. a Paphlago-nian.

n-cSr], -rjs, f. a chain for the feet,

fetter, (jrovs, gen. iro5os, afoot.)irsSiov, -ov, n. a level surface, plain.

irejf), (adv.) OH foot, by land, (prop,dat. of TTtos, with 6oy under-

stood).

ire6s, -17, -ov, on foot (Lat. pedestris).

(ifffa oi'i'a/.tts, infantry force).iTCiOw, (Act.) 7 persuade (with ace.) ;

(Mid.) 7 obey, believe (with dat.) ;

fut. irtioa), I aor. (irttaa, perf. pass.

irtirftfffjiai, 2 perf. irtiroiOa, I trust.

7rcipdo|xai, 7 try, attempt, with infin.,

also with onus and subj. ;with

genitive, I make trial of; fut. ittipd-

ffofiat.

i. fut. of vaaxoi.tov, one must persuade or obey,

verb adj. of irtiOca or TrfiGoftai.

dfw, 7 approach ; fut. jreA.a<ro;.

island of Pelops), the Peloponnesus,

peninsula of Southern Greece, nowthe Morea.

TreXrdJw, 7 serve as a peltast, i. e.

with a light shield (JTC'ATJ;).

irtXraoTTis. -ov, m. a peltast, targe-teer, (because armed with the

TTXTT), -rjt, (. a light shield covered

with leather. The large shield wascalled davit.

ir'u.irro$, -17, -ov, fifth. (irivrf,

five.)

irc'|iirci>,7 send; fut. vifaf/ta, perf.

-rri-nofitpa, I aor. pass. tniÔjji'.

iTvop,ai, 7 am poor, (irt'fijs, poor.)

VOCABULARY. 217

i, -eu, -a, five-hundred.JTVT, five.

TTevTT)Kovra,fifty.

irVTT)Kovnf|p, -rjpos, m. a commander

offifty men, or a half company.

nevi-qKovTOpos, -ov, f. (sc. vavs) a

fifty-oared galley, with one bankof 25 oars on each side.

TT-iTOv0a, perf. of Traa\ca.

ir-irpa-Ka, perf. of irnrpaaKQ).

u--irTa>Ka, perf. of iriirrca.

n^-truica, perf. of vivo).

irepaivco, I finish, accomplish ; fut.

TTtpiivw, perf. pass, ntntpa.ff/j.a.1, I aor.

pass. kttfpavOrjv.

TTspcuoio, (Act.) / convey across ;

(Mid.) I cross ; fut. nfpaiwffca.

ntpav, (adv.) across, on the other

side. (TO irtpav, the opposite

fide.)

HfpYcijxos, -ov, f. Pergamus, a townin Mysia, near the river Caicus (VIII.

508) ;afterwards the head of an

important kingdom under Eumenes

II, and in the second century B.C.

the capital of the Roman provinceof Asia. It was celebrated for its

library and school of literature, as

well as for the invention of parch-ment, which derives its name (throughthe French parchemin) from ' Per-

gamena Charta.' Pergamus wasan early seat of Christianity, and

one of the Seven Churches of Asia

(Rev. ii. 12). [The name means'citadel.' Cp. the Pergamus or'citadel

'

of Troy ; Greek irvpyos

('castle'), Eng. burgh.~\

Tp8i., -IKOS, m. and f. a partridge.

(Lat. perdix.)

irepi, prep, with gen., dat., and ace.;

around, about, 'round the ends of

(cf. vipa, beyond, irfpas, an end).I. with gen. i. about, concerning,

for, like Lat. de; ii. (rarely), above

in old sense of beyond, as irtpl

iravros noittffOai, to consider it

above all, i. e. all-important ; irtpl

vo\\ovf above much, i. e. very

much. II. with dat., around, es-

pecially of parts of the body, as

irfpi rots Tpaxôts, round their

necks. III. with ace., i. around

about, as of irtpl avrov, those about

him, i.e. he and his men; ii. of

time, about; iii. about, concerning,with regard to. In Composition,i. around, about ; ii. above, i. e.

very much, like Lat. per- in per-

magnus.

irpi-j3a.XXw, 7 throw around, sur-

round, embrace ; fut. -/3aA.cD, 2 aor.

-(0a\ov.

irpi-YiYvo(xai, (i) 7 am superior to,

excel; (2) 7 turn out to be; fut.

-yevfiffofjiai, 2 aor. -tytvoiajv.

TrepL-eip.1, 7 go round. ((/, ibo.)

irpi-torTTjn.i, (trans.) 7 place round;

(intrans.) 2 aor. and perf. 7 stand

round; fut. -OTtjaa), 2 aor. -iaTijv.irfpi-KVK\db>, 7 encircle ; fut. -cuercu.

7Tpi-nvwt 7 wait for; fut. -fitvw,

l aor. -(fHfiva..

IIcpivOios, -a, -ov, Perinthian, or

inhabitant of Perinthus.

ITcpivOos, -ov, (. Perinthus, a town in

Thrace on the Propontis, after-

wards called Heraclea, whence its

modern name Erekli.

irpi-TTT|-yvv(u, 7 fix around (Pass.)7 am frozen around.

ir*pi-irX<o, 7 sail round; fut. -ir\tv-

ffoftai.

tttpi-pptca, (i) Iflow around; (2) 7

slip from around, slip off";2 aor.

pass, itfpt-tppvriv.

irepi-ppinjvai, 2 aor. fnfin. pass, of

irept-ppfQ}.

irtpi-<j>fpw, 7 carry round ; fut. -oioca,

I aor. -jj'7o.

npaT)S, -ov, m. a Persian, pi. ot

Ilt'pam. The Persian empire in-

cluded Asia Minor, and extendedfrom it to the North of India,

comprising the modern Persia andAsiatic Turkey. It was divided

into twenty satrapies or provinces.

, -77, -ov, Persian.

2l8 VOCABULARY.

Hepo-iorC, (adv.) in the Persian

language, in Persian.

irecrtiv, 2 aor. infin. of TTJTTTW.

ireaoCfiai, fut. of iriiiTca.

Trcacov, 2 aor. part, of TTJ'TTTW.

irTO|i(H, 7^?y; 2 aor. tirTonyv,

irirpa, -as, f. a rock.

7r'4>evya, 2 perf. of <fxvya>.

Tr-qYT, -Jjs, f. a fountain, spring,source (of a river).

irr\yw\.i, f fix* freeze, (of blood)curdle ; 1 aor. tirr)a, i perf.

irtirrjya, I am fixed, 2 aor. pass.

(itayrjv.

mrjXos, -ou, m. clay, mud.

irufo>, 7 />ress, squeeze ; distress.

trivoj, / drink ; fut. Trio/xai, 2 aor.

(irtov, perf. ntircuica.

mTTpu.o-K&>, /se/^,- perf. nlirpaKa, I

aor. pass. kirpaOrjv. Usual pres.

jrcuXe'cii, for the fut. and 2 aor. aTro-

Saiao/xat andaTT-ttiofATjv are used.

n-iTTTO), 7 /a// ; fut. 7re(roC/xa(, 2 aor.

errfffov, perf. irfnTCUKa.

nuriSTjs, -ov, in., pi. ol ITtaiScu. the

Pisidians, warlike mountaineers of

the Taurus range, between Lyciaand Cilicia, where the robber-tribes

of the Caramanians now live.

mo-Tcvw, 7 trust; fut. -tvao), i aor.

iniaTfVffa (with dat.).

moris, -tcui, {. trust, fidelity, confi-

dence.

m(TT6s, -17, -6v, faithful, trustworthy,rci mffT&, pledges.

JUTWS, -vot, f. a pine-tree.

TrXa(<rvov, -ov, n. an oblong.

rrAfOpov, -ov, n. a plethrum about

34 English yards.

TrXciovs, for vKtiovt* and rrAet'oi/ai,

noin. and ace. pi. of irXeiW, comp.of iroA.v(.

irXtaros, -17, -ov, superl. of iroKvt.

TrXcCw, for ir\tlovo., ace. masc. sing, or

iieut. pi. of irA.<W.

TrXcCojv, -ov, comp. of ttoKvt.

irXOv-KTw, 7 have or gain an ad-

vantage. (ir\fov, more, and xw >

7 havt.)

irXevpd, -S, f. /Ae side ; flank (of an

army).

irXtvtroiJUu, fut. of rr\((ia.

irXw, 7 sa//; fut. 7rA.i5ffo/ii, I aor.

eir\(voa.

n-XTjy^, -fjs, f. a blow. (TTXIJTTW, I

strike. )

irX-fjOos, -ovs, n. a large number, mul-

titude ; extent. (TTO\VS, many.)

irXriv, (adv. as prep, with gen.) except.Also irXt^v T|, except.

-rrXT|pT)S, -es,full (with gen.).

TrXTjcridJo), 7 draw near, approach.

(irXrjaiov, near.)

TrXTjcriov, (adv.) near; (superl. TrX?;-

aiairaros, nearest, next (with gen.).

irXT|TTw, 7 strike; fut. jrAij<w, perf.

pass. irfirXrjffjiat, 2 aor. pass, tir-

\Tjyrjv. For the I aor. act. twarafais used.

irXoiov, -ov, n. a boat, transport, mer-

chant vessel, ship. (jrXt'a),7 sa7.)

irXovs, -oO, m. a sailing, voyage.

(ir\((a, I sail.)

TrXovrifw, 7 make rich ; (Mid.) 7

get rich. (TT\OVTOS, wealth.)

trvtvpa., -aros, n. breath, wind, breeze.

(irvfu, I breathe.)

nvto), 7 blow, breathe ; imperf. tnvtov,

fut. ircetxrojuai.

iroOev, (adv.) whence? irofov, fromsomewhere.

troOos, -ot;, m. a longing, desire, regret.

iroi, (adv.) whither 1 iroi,to someplace,somewhere.

TTOitw, 7 make, do, cause ; fut. -ij<ra>,

perf. rrciroirjKa. iroif.lv ffciraaiv, to

hold a review, tv or naicus iroitiv,

to treat well or ///. (Mid.) (i ) 7 make

for myself; (2)7 make to myself, i. e.

consider.

TioiKiXos, -77, -ov, variegated, tattooed.

TTOIOS, -a, -ov, (interrog.) ofwhat sort?

Lat. qualis. iroi6$ T ; what sort ofman 1

iroXc(j.c(i>, 7 make war upon, with dat.

or prep, irpot. (it6\tôt, war.)

-rroXtfiiKos. -TI, -ov, warlike. iro\(fj.i-

KUV, a war-cry ; TO vo\fiunov, the

VOCABULARY. 219

signal for battle ; rcL vo\(piica t war,

military service.

TroXejuos, -a, -ov, and -os, -ov, hostile,

a (public} enemy (Lat. hostis), as

distinguished from exfyos, a private

enemy (Lat. inimicus).

ir6Xp.os, -ov, m. war.

jroXiopKtw, 7 besiege, blockade ; fut.

-rjffca.

TroXis, -ecus, f. a city, slate = Lat.

citiitas, .whereas aarv = Lat. urbs.

ifoXXdicis, (adv.) q/?e. (TroXvs.)

TToXA.ox'fj, (adv.) /' ma/y places, on

many occasions, often. (iro\vs.)

IToXvKpdTTjs, -eos, ace. -rj or -TJV, m.

Polycrates, an Athenian captain

(VIII. 432).IToXimicos, -ov, m. Polynlcus, a La-

cedaemonian, sent by Thibron to ask

for the services of the Greek armyagainst Tissaphernes (VIII. 329).

woXvs, TroA.A.17, iroKv, much, many ;

also large, long, ol iro\\ol, the

most, the majority. Conipar. v\tiuv,

superl. TrAffoTo*. iroXv, as adv.

much, byfar.

TroXv-TeX-qs, -ts, expensive, (iro\vs,

much, and Tt\os, expense.)

Trop.irT|, -77$, f. a procession. (irtfiiru,

I send.)

irovtto, 7 work, labour; perf. irtirovrjica,

(TTOVOS, labour.)

irovT)p6s, -o, -ov, bad, worthless., wick-

ed; unsuitable; dangerous, hostile.

irovr)pto9, with difficulty.

troves, -ov, m. work, labour, toil; also

result of labour.

WOVTOS, -ov, m. the (deep) sea (especi-

ally the Euxine) ; also the district

of Pontus.

rropeia, -as, f. a march, journey.

tropevrcos, verb. adj. of wopevo/tcu,one must march.

iropevw, (Act.) / convey; (Mid.) 7

march; fut. -tvaofMi.

Trop6cu>, I destroy, sack; fut. -lycrw.

iropi, 7 furnish, provide, supply ;

perf. pass. wtiro/M 07*01, I aor. pass.

(iropot.)

iropos, -ov, m. a passage; hence

means, opportunity.

iropptd, (adv.) farfrom (with gen.).

irop4>ijpeos, -a, -ov, contr. -povs, -pa,

-povv, purple, scarlet.

iroaos, -rj, -ov,howmuchJ how great?iroaov, how far f

TrOTajJios, -ov, m. a river.

ITOT, once upon a time ; iroT, when f

iroTt, if ever.

iroTtpov and iroTepo, whether; fol-

lowed by jj, or. Lat. utrum an.

TTOTOV, -ov, n. drink. (KOTOS, verb.

adj. of irtvca, I drink.)

iroO, (adv.) where, irov, (i) some-

where, (a) somehow, especially per-

haps, I suppose, no doubt.

irovis, iro5o, m. afoot.

irpa-yna, -OTOS, n. a deed, action,

affair, matter ; irpdy^nara itap-

(Xff< to give trouble. (trparTW, 1

do.)

irpaTTW, 7 do, act ; fut. irpa(a, perf.

pass. irfirpay/Mi, I aor. pass. w-

paxOrfV. tv or KCIKUS irpdrrtiv, to

fare well or ill.

irptcrpvs, -vo, or -ecus, m. an old

man; pi. irpecrpc-tc, ambassadors,

comp. irpapvrpos.irpiao-0ai, to buy; from 2 aor. JTT-

pianqv : uvlofMi supplies the other

tenses.

irpiv, (conj.) before. (l) with infin.,

as irpiv t\6(iv, before coming; (2)with indie., as irpiv ?i\6e, before he

came ; (3) after negatives, as irpiv av

IA0J7, and irpiv t\6oi.

irpo, prep, with gen. only. I. of place,

before, in front of; hence of fight-

ing/or, in defence of. II. of time

before. III. instead of, in preferenceto. In Composition, before,forward,

beforehand, in preference to. (Cp.Lat. pro, prae.)

Trpo-ayia, I lead forward; fut. -da>,

irpo-paivo), 7 go forward, advance;fut. -/Sâo^cu.

irpo-pdXXco, (i) 7 throw forward, ad-

220 VOCABULARY.

vance (rcL oirXa). (a) 7 put for-

ward, propose; fut. -/3oAw, 2 aor.

-f0a\ov.

wp6-{3a.Tov, -ov, n. a sheep (properly

any animal that walks, from wpo-

/JaiVoj) .

n-popo\Y|, -77$, f. a putting forward ;

Oopara fit irpnBoXty naditrai, to' couch

'

their lances. (irpo-&d\\o).}

trpo-yovos, -ov, m. a forefather, an-

cestor.

Trpo-8t8cop.i, I give tip, betray ; fut.

-5d'<70>.

irpo-i8ov, 2 aor. with pres. irpo-opdca.

irp6-ip.i, / go forward, advance.

(.r/u.)

irpo eiirov, 2 aor. with fut. npo-tpoi,

pres. -ipTjiJU. See irpo-X^Yw.

irpo-cXauvw, 7 rfrive forward, ride

forward, sc. fmrov.

irpo-tpYiiJojiov, / work beforehand;

perf. pass, -(ipyaffftai. fj irpo-

(ipyaafjiti'T) 8oa, /A gfory before

gained.*rpo-pi>, contr. -npo-tpSi, Isay before-

hand or publicly, order, as fut. of

vpo-tiirov, perf. -tlprjica.

TTpo-tpxop.ai, 7 march on, advance ;

1 aor. -f/Atfoi'.

irpo-fxW) 7 cee/, surpass; fut. -ô>,2 aor. -*<TXO?.

Trpo-T)Yopu), I speak in behalf of{with

gen.).

Trpo-flw, I runforward; fut. -6(vao-

fiai.

TtpoQvpia., -a*, f. readiness, eagerness,zeal.

irpoOvp-os. -OK, ready, eager, zealous,

(irpo, forward, and Ouôs, spirit.)

npoOvjuos, (adv.) eagerly, readily.

Trpo-KaTa-XajAâvw, 7 s'z< before-

hand, preoccupy; i aor. -i\aflov,

fut. -Aô/u, perf. -t&rjtpa.

trp6-Ktt(xai, 7 //> before, extend for-ward ; fut. -Ktiffo/MU.

TTpo-KivSwtvw, 7 ncr danger before-

hand.

npotcXTJs, -<o, m. Procles, governorof Teuthrania, a district of Mysia.

irpo-XYW, 7 tell publicly, give warn-

ing ; fut. -\tcu, for 2 aor. irpo-

triroi'.

npo|vos, -ov, m. Proxenus,* Theban,friend of Cyrus and Xenophon, whoinduced Xenophon to join the ex-

pedition (IV. n).n-po-opdo), 7 see before me; fut.

*>>[/o[Mt, 2 aor. -fioov.

n-po-TTtp.ir<i), 7 ss/jj forward, escort,

accompany ; fut. -ittfj^xa.

irpo-irivw, 7 rfr'i ay owe's health ;

fut. -iriofMi, 2 aor. -iitiov.

npos, prep, with gen., dat., and ace.

Root meaning to the front (from

npo, cp. irpos-Ofr) ; hence near.

I. with gen. i. from, from near ;

hence ii. on the part of, by ; iii. in

the presence of, before, as irpos Of Hav,

before the godf, i. e. by the gods, in

swearing. II. with dat. i. st, near;

ii. besides, as vpos rovroi*, besides

this, moreover, Lat. praelerea. III.

with ace. i. to, towards, sometimes

against ; ii. with regard to, accord-

ing to, as wpuj ravra, therefore. Til

wp^* it6\tfwv, what concerns war,

irpos fliav, by force, vpus ^Sovfjv,

for pleasure, etc. In Composition,i. to or towards ; ii. besides ; iii. near.

Trpos-dyu, 7 /earf OH, lead forward;fut. -ofta, 2 aor. -^ya'yor.

irpos-aiTi>. 7 as/t besides, ask more ;

fut. -aiTTjuu.

irpos-poivci), 7 ô <o, approach, ad-

vance ; fut. -BriffOfMi, 2 aor. -e&r)v.

irpos-pdXXw, 7 attack, charge up ; fut.

-/3oXcD, 2 aor. -(&a\ov.

T|, -^$, f. an attack, assault.

' ^ coff" ô fl"> addedto ; 2 aor. -fyfyofiijv.

trpos-8i5u)p.i, 7 ^/t e besides, add ; fut.

-5oi<70), I aor. -tScuica.

Trpos-SoKau, 7 expect; fut. -So/tqcrai,

I aor. -(60x17(70.

irpos-i|ii., 7 ô /o, approach, comt

up. ((Tfu, Lat. /6o.)

irpos-cXaww, 7 rfri've /o, ritif u/

), marcA ^.

VOCABULARY. 221

irpos-tpxnai, 1 come up, approach;2 aor. -fj\0ov,

irpos-xw . I bring to, apply; (yovv

Trpos-t'xw, I turn my mind to,

attend to ;) imperf. -(i-)(ov, 2 aor.

-ta'xov.

irpos-T|K6j, I extend to, reach. Impers.

irpos-riKti, it becomes, it is fitting.

irpdaOsv, (adv.) (l) of place, in front

of, before. (2) of time, before,

formerly. TO, irp6a0i>, the van of

an army, 6 irpoffdev \povos, the

former time. TO irpocrfcv, for-

merly.

jrpos-iTjfH, (Act.) 7 let come to, admit,

(Mid.) admit (to oneself), approve ;

fut. -riffaj, I aor. -i)Ka.

irpos-KTao(iai, 7 gain besides, gainfor; fut. -KTjjao/iou, i aor. -fttTrj-

irpos-Kvvco), 7 kiss the earth before

any one, i. e. do obeisance, worship,salute; fut. -avvqaca, I aor. -exvvrjffa.

trpos-XajA.p<ivw, 7 receive besides ; with

gen. take part in, kelp ; fut. -\rji{>o-

ftai, 2 aor. -f\a@ov.

irpds-oSos, -ov, f. a going to, approach,

procession.

irpos-dp.vv(u, 7 swear besides; fut.

-Ofj.ovfjuii, I aor. -upoaa.

irpos-iriTpovT]|Avos, perf. pass. part.from irpos-irfpovdu.

irpos-irspovdu, I fasten with a skewer.

(wtpovrj, a skewer.)

irpo$-iro\cfjkc(i>, 7 make war against ;

fut. -ij(r<w.

irpos-Tplx". I run UP 'o ; fut. -Spa-

Hovftai, 2 aor. -45pa/j.ov.

<irpos-<t>(pb>, (Act.) 7 bring to, conduct,

(Mid.) 7 bear myself towards, i. e.

conduct myself.

irpoaco, (adv.) (i) forwards, (2) with

gen. far off. Comp. irpoaoirtpu,

farther.

irp6cr(oirov, -ow, n.face, countenance.

irportpaios, -a, -oj/, adj.. as)J nporf'

pala (^6/w), /ê Joy before.

irpoTtpo?, -a, -ov, earlier, former,

first of two (Lat./r/or) ; irpircpov,

ri irp6rtpov, (adv.) previously, ona former occasion ; comp. of jr/>o,

superl. irpwros.

w, 7 run forward ; fut. -8/)a-

fJLovfMi, 2 aor. -fSpapov.

trpo-<j>aiv(o, (Act.) 7 sôw forth,

(Mid.) appear, become visible.

irpo<|>vXaJ, -O.KOS, m. o advanced

guard, outpost.

irpo-xwpeco, 7 ô o, proceed favour-ably.

irpiifjivo, -jjs, f. /Ae s/er of a ship.

irpupa, -a*, f. the prow or bows of a

ship.

TrpcopciJs, -^cut, m. the man at the

prow, who gave the signal to the

steersman, the look-out man.

irpwros, -77, -ot>, (superl. of irpo) first.

ol irpSnoi, the vanguard. (Adv.

irpwrov, TO irpSiTov, atfirs.!, in the

first place.)

irraiw, 7 strike, dash; I aor. lir-

raiaa.

, -vyos, f. a wing.-n,, -^s, f. a boxing match

iru\T), -i;s, f. a gate, opening ; pass.

irvvOdvofjuu, (i) 7 as*, (2) 7 hear (on

enquiry), learn ; fut. irtvffofMt, perf.

TTtnw/xat 2 aor.

iru^, (adv.) tf//A thefist.

nvp, irwp<$s, n. _/?. In pi. irup&,

watchfires.

irvpos, -ov, m. wheat, mostly in pi.

nvppCxt), -rjs, f. (sc. opxqais), the

Pyrrhic dance, a military dance in

armour.

irw, (adv.) yet. With negatives, as

ovirca, not yet.

rr<oXi>, 7 se//; fut. v<a\-fja<. Othertenses are supplied from other verbs,

as fut. diro-Saiffo/jiai, 2 aor. dir-

tSofjirji' ; perf. vfirpajta (from m-

npaffKca).

ir<iiroT, (adv.) at any time, ever, ov

iT&iroTf, never.

iru>s, (interrogative) howl but TTWS,

somehow, ti was, in any way, ifat

all.

222 VOCABULARY.

P.

pa'Sics, -a, -of, easy; conjp. paw,superl. petards.

paSiujs, (adv.) easily; comp. f>aov,

superl. poTora.

ptu', / flow; fut. ptiiffopcu, 3 aor.

fpptnjy.

ptyos, -ovs, n. cold.

piuTOj, 7 throw, fling, cast, throw off;

fut. p/i/'W, I aor. tpptâ.

>is, pipe's, f. <Ae nose.

T68ios, -a, -ov, Rhodian, or inhabi-

tant of Rhodes, an island in the

Levant, off the S. W. coast of Asia

Minor. The Rhodians were famed

as slingers.

pv8(ios, -ov, m.measure,(m\as\c<L\)time.

2.

o-aXiriYKTl1s ' -ov, m. a trumpeter.

^, -ifyos, f. a trumpet.

s, -tow, pi. f. Sardis, capital of

Lydia ; the starting-point of the

expedition (I. 46).

0-a.TpaiTTjs, -ov, m. satrap, viceroy,

governor of a province of the

Persian Empire.

O-OVTOV, contracted from atavrov.

cra4>T|s, -, clear, manifest. (Adv.

aaijxis, clearly.)

acavro'v, (reflexive pronoun) thyself,

yourself; gen. aeavrov (oavrov),

your own.

Ztv0T)S, -ov, m. Seuthes, a Thracian

prince. His father had been driven

out of his territory on the Propontis,and Seuthes recovered this with the

help of Xenophon's army.

onrju-cuvw, 7 signify, give a sign, givethe signal (in battle) ; fut. arjfiavw,

I aor. iffrinTjva.

OTj^ciov, -ov. n. a sign, signal.

o-T]crap.ov, -ov, n. sesame, a short plantwith a single flower, from the seeds

of which oil cake was made.

criyaw, 7 am silent; fut.

aor. iffiyr/aa.

crr-yT), -rjs, f. silence; dat. <nYD> in

silence, silently.

SiXavo;, -oD, m. Silanus, (i) an Am-bracian prophet (VI. 180), (2) a

native of Macistus, a town of Elis

on the Peloponnesus (VIII. 291).

crivofxai, 7 injure, harass.

vs, -teas, m. a Sinopian ; pi. 01

SIVUTTTJ, -T;S,f. Sinope, a Greek colony

in Paphlagonia on a peninsula run-

ning out into the Black Sea. It

is the finest anchorage for shipson the north coast of Asia Minor ;

a Turkish fleet was destroyed there

by the Russians just before the

breaking out of the Crimean War,in 1853.

5iTa\Kas, -ov, m. Sitalcas, king of the

Odrysae in Thrace.

6 2iTa\Kas, the Sitalcas-song, or songin honour of one of the kings of

that name.

O-ITVTOS, -i\, -6v, fed up, fatted.

(Verb. adj. of ffirtva), from airos,

corn.)

eriTiov, -ov, n.food, provisions. (oTro*,

corn.)

2iTTo.KY], -r;s, f. Siltace, a town in

Babylonia on the Tigris.

oicoirdo), 7 am silent, keep silence;

fut. -i'iffo/j.ii. (cncoTTT), silence.)-

crKtXos, -ovf , n. the leg.

[<TKlirTO|iai], see oxoircw.

afa, f prepare, equip, dress ; fut.

-daw, perf. pass,

<rKirfj, -J?s, f. dress.

o-Ktvos, -ovs, n. a vessel; pi.

baggage. (Lat. impedimenta.)

(TKCvo-ôpcw, 7 carry baggage.(oitfvos, and fyfpu, I carry.)

<rKcuo-<{>6pof, -ov, carrying baggage.TO, ffKtvo<f>opa (sc. KT^VIJ), the beasts

of burden in the train of an army,

baggage train.

<7Ki|/aa9ai,, see CTKOTT'U>.

(TKT|vd(i> and CTKTJVC'O), 7 live in tents,

I am quartered, fut. -fou.

VOCABULARY. 223

(TKTjvT), -i}s, f. a tent.

O-KTJTTTOS, -ov, m. a thunderbolt.

o-icr)iTTOvxos, -ov, ni. the sceptre-

bearer (an attendant on the king).

o-K\T)p6s, -d, -6v, dry, hard.

CTKOirtto, I keep a look out for, watch,

observe,, reconnoitre ; imperf. fffKo-

TTOW, (Mid.) consider, with tenses

from fftceirTOfjuu, fut.

aor. i<TK\l/dnr)v, perf. pass.

fUU,

O-KOITOS, -ov, m. a spy, scout.

O-KOTOS, -ovs, n. darkness.

<r\i.f(vos, -ovs, n. a swarm of bees.

iiiiKpT)?, -rjros, m. Smicres, an Arca-

dian general (VII. 68).

tros, ffi7, crov. (poss. adj.) thy, thine.

crcxJHd, -as, t. wisdom. (<ro(p6s.)

cro<j>6s, -T], -ov, wise, clever.

<Tirdvios, -a, -of, scarce, rare.

SirdpTt], -rj$, f. Sparta, or Lacedae-

mon, capital of Laconia.

SirapTidTTjs, a Spartan, i. e. one of

the Dorian immigrants. Theylooked down upon the Perioeci, or

natives, as the Normans did uponthe Saxons in England.

<nrdci>, 7 draw, drag, pull; fut.

arraffca, I aor. tairacra.

crimpw, 7 scatter, sow seed; fut.

aitfpGi, i aor. eairtipa, perf. ta-

irapita.

o"irci(ro|iai, fut. mid. of airivSta.

trirv8o>, 7 pour a libation; (Mid.)lit.

'

pour libations one with another,'

i. e. make a truce ; fut. ffvdffof/uu,

i aor. effir(iaa,pr)v.

o-n-fviSa), 7 urge on, make haste; fut.

ffir(vffa).

<rTrov8T|, -^s, f. (sing.) a libation, (pi.)

a treaty, (ffirfvocu.)

o-trovSdJto, 7 make Jiaste, am busy,

am in earnest; fut. avovSaaca.

airovS'fj, -^s, f. haste.

o-rdStov, -ov, n. a stade, a furlong,rather more than of an Englishmile. In counting roughly everyIO stades may be taken as an

English mile.

oraOfioS, -ov, m. a station, halting-

place, (hence) a day's march.

orrairjv, 2 aor. opt. ofiffrrjfu.

crrds, 2 aor. part, of 'iarrjfu.

crratnafw, 7 rebel, revolt, raise a

faction, (ffrdais, faction.)

crravpcau.^ -aros, n. a palisade.

o-Teyifj, -^s, f. a roof, tls trreyas, lit.

into roofs,' i.e. under cover.

o-TtXAu, 7 send, equip, (Mid.) 7

march ; fut. are\Si, I aor. tartiXa,2 aor. pass. taraXrjv.

(TTtvos, -17, -6v, narrow; comp.-orfpos, super!, -uraroi (from old

form ffTHv6i),

(TTevo-xupia, -as, f. a narrow pas-

sage.

<rreptu>, 7 deprive ; (Pass.) artptofMior artpofiai, I am deprived of; fut.

ffT(frf)aa), perf. pass, (ffrfpr/nat.

(TTCpvov, -ov, n. the breast.

(TT<j>avos, -ov, m. a wreath, crown,

garland.

orfjvai, 2 aor. inf. ofiffrijfu.

o-rtpos, -ov, m. a track, lit.' trodden

path,' (from areifiaj, I tread.)

crTiJw, 7 prick; perf. pass. {oTfy/iOf,

part. (ffTiyufvos, tattooed.

O-T!<|)OS, -ous, n. a close body of men.

OToXrj, -rjs, f. a robe, dress.

OTO\OS, -ov, (i) a march, (2) array,

army.

0-Top.a, -arot, n. mouth, opening;hence front of an army.

(TTparcta, -at, f. tin expedition.

(arparos, army.)

crTpu.TV)Aa, -arcs, n. an army, com-

pany, division.

<rTpa,Tva>, (Act.) 7 march, (Mid.)7 serve as a soldier, fut. -tvffca.

orrpaTTjY^s, -ov, m. a general.

(ffTparos, army, and jjyfoiMi, 1

lead.)

crrpaTid, -as, f. an army.

o~TpaTi<I)TT]s, -ov, m. a soldier.*

<rrpa,Toir8iJw, 7 encamp; fut. -evaca.

(arparoirfooi', a camp.)

irrpaToireSov, -ov, n. a camp, (arpartis,an army, and -nitiov, a plain.)

224 VOCABULARY.

CTTparos, -ov, m. an army.

CTTpfirTos, -ov, m. a chain, necklace.

Properly verb. adj. of arpi<p<, 1

twin.

CTTp4>u, 7 turn, tu>iit, (Mid.) wheel

about; fut. arptycu, I aor. tarpafa,

pf. pass. (GTpaftfMai, 2 aor. pass.

o~rpov06s, -oC, m. and f. a sparrow,but |xryas arpovOos, a>J ostrich.

(TTvyvos. -17, -ov, disagreeable, gloomy.(aTVffa}, 7 hale.)

o-rw, 2 aor. subj. of Iffrrjfu.

(ru, pers. pron. /Aow.

criry-YvT|q, -t, related, a kinsman.

(ovv, with, and yi~(vofwi, 7 aw bom.)

<rvy-yiyvo\ia\., ^ awl f'fA, Aav<? inter-

course with, associate with, fut.

, 1 aor. -tftvvnijv.

, 7 ca// together ; fut. -a-\iaa>, i aor. {rvr-cx&Ucra.

crwy-Kajiirrw, 7 6iJ together, bend up;fut. -Kaôi, I aor. ffuv-ficafuffa.

tnry-icXcio, 7 sAw/ c/ose ; fut. -Xf(Vw.

<nry-Kpd, 7 cry aloud; 2 aor. ow-

, 7 6i<f together, bend in-

wards ; fut.-Kv\l>a>, I aor. ov*'-

fKVtfrU.

(ruY'XwP*u ^ >iW, (lit.' come to-

gether to terms,') agree ; fut. -yaw,I aor. aw-t\upriaa.

cruicov, -ou, n. a_/f^".

crvX-Xap.p<ivu), 7 seize, lay hold of,

arrest; fut. -Xô/wu, 3 aor. <rw-

cruX-XY<<>, 7 collect, gather, assemble ;

fut. -\({a>. I aor. avv-t\fa, pf.

ru\ Xoyos. -ow, m. a assembly, meet-

ing.

crvu,-po\Xci>, (Act.) 7 throw together;

(Mid.) 7 ar upon. av/j.-ttd\\o-

/zai Aoôtt, 7 converse, talk ; 2 aor.

(ruji-poT|6u), Ijoin in aiding, come to

the rescue ; fut. -f)ff<a.

crv}jL-f3ouXrvw t (Act.) 7 give advice,

advise, counsel ; (Mid.) get advice,

consult; fut. -fvaa>, I aor. arvy*

-ov, m. a counsellor,

adviser.

CTvu.-u,dxia, -as, f. alliance.

CTup.-u.dxop.ai, 7 yfg'A/ along with,

help as an ally ; imperf. a

ovu.-p.axos, -ov, m. an ally.

CTVU.-U.IYVWU* (trans.) 7 mix together,

(intrans.) (i) unite with, (2) join in

battle; I aor. aw-ffua, infin. avp-

>, 7 send along with ; fut

CTVu.-mvo>, 7 Jr/wi with ; fut. -in'o/uu,

2 aor. flw-ts'iov.

CTVu,-Tro8i{&>, 7 entangle, hamper, lit.

'tie the feet together," i aor. <rw-

(vooiaa.

<ruu.-7ropevou.ai, 7 march together,

accompany on a march ; fut. -woptv-

aofiai.

crvjj.-4>pco, 7 bring together, collect.

Impers. avu.-4>fpci, it is profitable,or advantageous.

CTVp.-<|>opd, -a*, f. lit 'a bringing

together,' hence an event, e$p. a

misfortune.

orvv, prep, with dat. only ; the sameword as Lat. cum [(o")vv, vv, aw],I. together with, with, as ol avv

/3affiAef, those with the king, i. e.

his attendants. So of things, avv

Tofs ov\ois, furnished with their

arms, i. e. in arms. II. with the

help of, as o\n> rois 6(oT*. In Com-

position, with, together.

<rw-o.yta, 7 bring together, gather,assemble ; fut. -afa>, 2 aor. -^7070^.

aw-aOpoifoi, 7 collect, or assemble to-

gether ; fut.. -aOpoiaot, I aor.

-^tfpotaa.

CTW-aKoXovO<<o, I follow along with,

follow as a volunteer.

OTW-OKOVU, 7 hear, hear one another.

/t (witho-uv-avrdw, Ifall in with,

dat); fut.

VOCABULARY. 225

jruv-air- iju, 7 go away with, imperf.

-QtlY.

oicb), I join in pursuit ',fut.

aw-6ijo, (Act.) 7 accustom, (Pass.)

become used to, I aor. opt. avv-

i, perf. pass, of av\-\.('y(a.

o-Dv-is-tpx|A<ii, 7 witer wiVA; a

aor. -fjKOov.

<rwv-is-iriirr<o, 7 rwsA together into ;

fut. -vtaovfMt, 2 aor. -tirtaov.

o~uv-cKa|Av|/a, I aor. act. of avy-

o-vv-K-pipd{w, 7 //> wi bringing out,

lit. 'join in making come out.'

onv-tKpaYOv, 2 aor. of ovy-xpafa.<rw cXf'-yjv, a aor. pass, of <rvX-

Xf'"/o>.

<rvv-\Yov . imperf. act. of <rvX-Xyw.

<rw-'Xta, I aor. act. of <rvA.-A.7<u

crvv-fiia. I aor. act. of avu-îfW^t.<rw-iraivt, 7 consent, agree to ; fut.

-ftraivfau, I aor. -tirr/vtaa.

o-uv-tin, O"n-v8w. 7 M/ to force on-

wards; I aor. -lairtvoa.

orvv-Tr66icra, i aor. act. of av/<-

iro8/ôi.

<r\)v-iro|xov, 7 follow along with

(with dat.) ; fut. -tyopat.

<rw-ir-o(A,vv|Ai, 7 swear besides.

ow-tppvqMiv, pluperf. ind. of trvp-

pe<a.

<ruv-fpx<>nai-, 7 comi together, meet ;

a aor. -rjkOov.

(rw-Yi8o(iai, 7 rejoice with one, con-

gratulate.

aOr-0T]n.a, -aroi, n. an agreement; a

watchword,

aw-(on)p.i, (trans.) 7 p/<jw with, in-

troduce; fut. av-OTT)ffai, i aor. <7i;v-

fVrjjffa, (intrans.) stand together,make a stand, 3 aor. -iart\v t perf.

aw-o|AoXoy&>, 7 a^rM /o (with ace.

of thing), 7 aT#< with (with dat.

of person) ; imperf. -wno\6yow.ow-TaTTw, 7 draw up in battle array ;

fut. -Taa>, i aor. aw-irafa.

<rw-Ti0T)(u, (Act.) 7 ^/ together,

(Mid.) make an agreement; fut.

-Or\ff<a.

<rw-Tpx, 7 n/ together; 3 aor.

ow-Tpipft*, 7 crt/sA ; fut. -rpfyv.

2vpia. -as, f. iSyr/'a, on the Levant, or

east end of the Mediterranean. In

Xenophon's time it included the

country east of the Euphrates, whichwas not called Mesopotamia till

after the conquests of Alexander.

crv-ppcb), 7 flfiw or flock together ;

fut. -ffVffUIMH, pf. ffVV-tppVTjKa, 3

aor. pass, aw-tppvijv.

crv-crK6vdi{a>, 7 pack up baggage ; fut.

-aav, perf. pass. aw-faKtvaafiai.

crv-crttTjvos, -ov, dwelling in the sametent, a tea -mate, (aitrjvy, a tent.)

av-crirov8dju>, 7 vnitt in zeal with,

(lit. 'make haste together with,')share in one's zeal.

<ru-o~rpaTcvo(iai, 7 serve in the armywith, join in an expedition ; fut.

*efaofuu.

av-<rrpoTOTTf8c\)ojwLi. 7 encamp alongwith, imperf. ovv-taTpaToitfotv6pr)v,

i, 7 sacrifice; fut. ff<j>a-

, -ov, n. a victim, (ptpaêa,

7 slay.)

cr4><i{a), and CTÎTTW, I sacrifice; fjut.

a$a(<u, pf pass, iafya-fium, i aor.

pass. ka<pa-)(6riv.

<r4>cvSovd. 7.s/j'ng

1

; fut -rjao).

cr<|)iv86vn, -;$, f. a sling, also a stone

from a sling.

o-4>v8ovT]TY|S, -ov, m. a slinger.

a4>68pa, (adv.) very, exceedingly,

ffX86v, (adv.) almost, nearly.

<rxf iv, a aor. infin. of ?xw-

o'X'n '**' fwt- act - f tX**-

jw, 7 cleave ; fut. ffx^ "' P^- P3SI -

leisure; fut.

, (adv.) leisurely, slowly.

rjt, f. leisure; (dat.a/ leisure, leisurely, or slowly.)

<rxo\i((i>, 7

226 VOCABULARY.

crx, ^x^v, 3 aor. subj. and part, of

i\u.aw<o, 7 .<<7W, */> safe, preserve,

(Pass.) I return safely; fut. aojaoi, \

aor. tauaa, perf. pass, atacaaîai, I

aor. pass, iaaj&rjv : au/fiv fit, to

bring safely to a place.

2dJKpciTT)s. -OKI, ni. Socrates, the

philosopher, who taught Xenophouand Plato: he lived through all the

flourishing time of Athens, from

B.C. 469 to 399, when he was un-

justly condemned to drink hemlock.

(rwp.a, -arot, n. a body.

tru/os. (contr. aon, cuiv), safe, *n~

injured.

<ra>TT|p, ripo*, m. a saviour, preserver.

(oaifa, I <ave.)

owrqpia, -a, f. safety, preservation.

2<oTt)pi&()S, -ov, m. Sotfrides, a native

of Sicyon, near Corinth.

<ru>4>pov'u). I am of sound mind, amwist ; behave well, am obedient.

T.

ToXavrov, -ov, n. lit. a balance,'

hence a talent of gold, about

^50. A talent contained sixtyminae (4) ; each mina contained

100 drachmae.

TO|. -), f. order, battle array, al

rdfnt. tht ranks. (Tarro). 1 ar-

rangt).

Taoxoi, -w, m. tht Tnochi, a hill-

iribe to the north of Armenia,now Georgia.

Tapdrrw, I throw into disorder, dis-

turb; fut. rapdfu, perf. past. Trd-

v, m. confusion, disorder.

Tap<ro(, nDv, Tarsi, or Tarsus, the

capital of Cilicia, on a rich plain

by the river Cydnui (1. 93). Here

ShalmantK-r, King of Assyria, it

said to have established himself, after

his conquests in Atia Minor. Tarsus

is best known as the birthplace of

St. Paul, who claimed the freedom

granted to the city by Augustus.It was an important seat of

philosophy and learning from the

second century B.C. downwards.

TOITTW, 7 arrange, draw up in line,

order; fut. TOCU, I aor. trafa,

perf. pass. rtraffMi, I aor. pass.

ravra, n. pi. of OVTO, these things.

Tavrro, for ra aura, the same things.Taurov (instead of Tauri) = To awT<5,

the same.

Ta4>os, -ov, m. a tomb, (dairrai, 7

bury.)

Ta'4>pos, -ov, f. a ditch, trench.

Tax<w*i (adv.) quickly, soon ; comp.Odaaov. super), rdxiffra.

Taxi's, -ra, -v, quick, swift; comp.6daaon>, si:p. raxKffot.

ra\v, quickly, (dit rd\iara as quicklyas possible ; inti rd\iara, as soon

as.)

T. and. (r< . . xai, both . . and.)TC0appT]Ka, perf. act. of ffappiu.

Tf'OvrjKa, perf. act. of Orr/aicoa.

T(dpap.(iai, perf. pass, of Tpi<po}.

Ttivj, 7 stretch, extend; fut. rtvu>,

perf. rtrajta, perf. pass. TTd/xoi

THxiJw, 7 build a wall, fortify.

TIXOS, -ov, n. a wall, fortress.

TXvraio$, -a, -ov, last. (rc'Aai, an

end.}

TXvraw, 7 end, finish, (sc. Qiov, I

dit) ; lit.' end my life.

1

Tc'Xos, -out, n. an tnd. (rAo*. accus.,

at last.)

T<(XVO>, 7 cut ; fut. "rtftSi, perf. r<

Tftrjita, a aor. jrapov.

T'Tayjiai, perf. pass, of rdrrca.

Tra|xat, ptrf. pass, of TiVw.

rirapTOs, "?. -ov, fourth.

TTpais-xiXioi, -ai, -a, four-thou-sand.

TTpaKoo-ioi, -at. -a, four-hundred.

TTpk}icu. perf. pass of nrpwTtrrapQicovTa, forty.

VOCABULARY. 227

T^XVT1> ''? ^ ar' contrivance.

(adv.) artfully, skilfully.

t

TTjKO), 7 wze// ; I aor. TT;<Z, perf.

(intrans.) TtrrjKa, I am melted.

T-rj\p6as, -ov, m. the Teleboas, a river

of Armenia (V. 88).

TT||i.pov, (adv.) to-day.

Ti.papT)voC, -lav. m. Me Tibareni, a

people in Pontus, west of the

Cbalybes.

TiYpujS, -rjros, m. the Tigres or Tigris,one of the great rivers of Assyria,east of the Euphrates. Within the

last 700 years it has changed its

course near its mouth, and joinedthe Euphrates.

Ti0T)(Ai,7 put, set, place; fut. 0r]ffca,

perf. TtOfiKa, I aor. tOrjKa, plur.

from 2 aor. tOfptv, etc. (ridiaOaiTO. oir\a, to ground arms, i. e. halt,

or .take up a position.)

Tijiaaiajv, -owos, m. Timasion, a

native of Dardanus, and an officer

in the Greek army (VI. 159).

Tip.5.0), I honour, esteem, value; fut.

Tiixrjaoj. (7"i/7, honour?)

TijjiT|, -TJS, f. honour, price, estimation.

Ti|xu>s, -a, -ov, valuable. (TI,UT],

price.)

Ti[.iwpo, (Act.) 7 avenge, with dat.

of person; (Mid.) 7 avenge myselfon, punish, with ace., fut. -TJOYW.

Tiptpajos, -on, m. Tiribazus, a satrapof Western Armenia (V. 89).

TIS, TI, gen. TIVOS, (indef. pron.)

one, a certain one, some, (et TIS, if

anyone ; voios TIS ; what sort of

person f TI, at all : lit.' in any-

thing.')

TIS, TI, (interrog. pron.) who? what?

(TI, why f lit. for what'

?)

Tio-<ra4>pvt]s, -ovs, m. Tissaphernes,the wiliest of the Persians. Hewas at first satrap of Lydia, Ionia,and Caria, but had to give overthe Ionian towns to Cyrus ; hence

he was a bitter enemy of Cyrusand his army. The king gave

Q

him his daughter in marriage as

a reward for his services, but he

was eventually executed throughthe influence of Parysatis, the queen-

mother, in revenge for the death of

Cyrus, her favourite son (B.C. 395.)

TiTpwaKw, 7 wound ; fut. rpwcrca,

perf. pass. T(rpcafj.ai, i aor. pass.

trpwfyv.TOI, in truth, verily, assuredly.

TOIVW, therefore, then.

Totoo-8, rotaSf, T0i6v8f, of such kind,

such.

TOlOttTOS, TOtaVTT), TOIOVTO, SUch,

(strengthened form of TOIOS, and not

compounded with OVTOS).

To\p.a.co, 7 dare venture, have the

courage ; fut. -TJCTW, perf. TtTohprjKa.

(r6\(iT], daring.)

Toevp.a, an arrow, lit.' that which is

shot from a bow.' (TO(VOJ.)

TOIJ, 7 shoot with a bow. (TOOV,a bow.)

To6rr)S, -ov, m. a bowman, archer.

(roov, a bow.)

TOTTOS, -ov, m. a place, spot, locality.

TOCTOVTOS, TOffaVTt], TOffOVTO, SO

great, of such a size. rocrovrai,

with comparative, by so much ;

(lengthened form of T<5<ros, not

compounded with OVTOS).

TOT, (adv.) then, at that time, (rare

fifv . . ror\ St, at one time . . at

another.)

rpdirtja, -77$, f. a table.

TpaTreJovs, -owros, m. and f.

Trapezus, a town in Pontus, on the

Euxine, now Trebisond.

, -ov, m. the neck.

-fia, -v, rough, rugged;harsh.

Tpfis, rpta, three. (Lat. (res.)

Tpeiro), 7 turn, put to flight, rout; fut.

rptifxu, I aor. erpttf/a, perf. pass.

Tfrpanfiai, I aor. pass. (TptfjtGyv,2 aor. pass. fTpcnrrjv.

Tp<j>(o, 7 nourish, rear, support; fut.

Opiiptu, perf. pass. T(8pa/J.(j.at, i aor

pass. trpcupTjv.

228 VOCABULARY.

Tp<xu tI riln fut- fipaftovnai, 2 aor.

Zopafiov, perf. otopafirjica.

rpiciKovTa. thirty.

TpiaKocrioi, -ai, -a, three-hundred.

TpiT|ptjs, -otiy, f. (sc. vaCs) a trireme ;

lit. a ship with three banks of oars.

TpitjpiTTjs, -ov, m. a trireme-man,sailor.

rpiirXacrios, -a, -ov, thrice as much.

rpiirovs, -irow, (gen. -iroSos) havingthree feet, a three-legged table (sc.

rpajrtfa).

TpU, (adv.) three times, thrice.

Tpis-dap-tvos=

rpls aapevos, very

glad ; lit.'

thrice-pleased.'

Tpis-x^l l>

-a'i "flj three-thousand.

Tp(ros, -T), -ov, third. (TO rpirov,

for the third time.)

TpiX"i] (adv.) in three divisions, three-

fold.

rpi-xotvlKOS, -ovt containing three

choenices, or quarts. A quart of

flour, or quartern loaf, was a man's

daily allowance.

rpiiravov, -ot, n. a trophy.

Tpoirf), -?}, f. a rout, defeat ; lit.' a

turning to flight.' (See Tpeirw.)

rpoiros, -ov, m. means, manner; dis-

position, character. (j6vSf rov

rp6vov, in this way.)

Tpo<f>T|, -4]*, f. nourishment, food,

support. (rpi<pca, I nourish.)

Tp<pds, -doos, f. Troas, or the Troad,the district round Troy in Mysia.

rvyxivw, f hit, get, obtain (with

gen.) ; fut. rtvfofuu, perf. T(TV-

Xlllta t 3 a r- tTv\ov ; (with part.)

7 happen, am at the time (doing), as

Tvyx&voi wv, I happen to be.

Tvpuuov, -ov, n. Tyriaeum, a townin Phrygia (I. 66).

Tvp<5s, -ov, m. cheese.

ripen.?, -ton, f. a tower. (Lat. turns.)

Tvyp\, -i)t, f.fortunt chance.

T.

dppi^b), 7 act insolently, or brutally;

I aor. vfipiffa, perf. pass, v

(\>Pptt, insolence.)

s, -17, -6v, brutal, insolent,

vicious, (vfipts, insolence.)

v>YpoTT]S, -TJJTOS, f. suppleness. (vyp6s,

moist, hence supple.)

vi8po-4>opeoj, 7 carry water.

vtipo-4>6pos, -ov, m. and f. a water-

carrier, (vooip, water, <f>tpa>, 1

carry.)

vScop, vSuros, n. water.

mos, -ov, m. a sort.

vX-rj, -rjs, (. a wood, forest. (Lat.

silva.)

vjitrtpos, -a, ov, yowr, yours, (poss.

adj. from u^fTs.)

VIT-AYW>-^ êa^ n slowly ; fut. -o^cw,

2 aor. -1770701', perf. pass, -rj-fftai.

vrr-ai0pios, -OK, and -a, -ov, in

the open air. (VITU, beneath, alOrjp,

sky.)

vir-avTiAJw, 7 come, or o /o meet.

vir-apxos, -ov, m. one commandingunder another ; i. e. a lieutenant

governor.

vir-dpxco, (i) 7 am at the beginning,am to start with. (2) with dat.

7 am on the side of. (TO iiir*

apxovra, one's means.)

vir-ao-irt<rrr|s, -oC, m. a shield-bearer.

(vir6, and derm's, lit.' under a

shield.')

VJTP, prep., with gen. and ace. (root

meaning over, Lat. super). I. with

gen. i. over, above, beyond; ii.

in behalf of, for, in the name of.

II. with ace. i. of motion, over, or

beyond; ii. of numbers, beyond,more than. In Composition, over,

overmuch.

vco, 7 cross over; fut. -/Sijcro-

i, i aor. -iftijv.

, (intrans.) 7 or passover ; fut. -/SoXcD, 2 aor. -i&aAov.

virtp-po\i

f|, -, f. a crossing, pass.

(vvip, /SoAAo;.)

v>irtp-T||AWVS, >, fl&ow Afl//", morithan half.

vircp-ii4'T]Xos, -ov, exceeding high.

(See virp in Composition.)

tnr-<rx6(jitjv, 2 aor.

VOCABULARY. 229

vnr-ex (l).1 undergo, submit to ; fut. v<p-

tca, or viro-axn ffea'2 aor - vir-taxov.

vnr-i^KOos, -ov, obedient, subject; lit.

'

giving ear to'

(from viro, and

O.KOVOJ),

{iir-T)peTw, 7 assist (with dat.). (yirrj-

ptrrjs, an assistant ; lit.' an uuder-

rower," from (pirrjs, a rower.)

urr-io~xveo(xai, I promise, undertake;

fut. v-no-axâofMi, perf. vir-iaxn-

H<u, 2 aor. vir-tax<>itriv.

VPWVOS, -ov, m. sfcep.

viro, prep, with gen., dat., and ace.

(same word as Lat. sub). I. with

gen. i. under, hence ii. by, of the

agent after passive verbs; so of

things, by reason of, from, as viro

<p6/3ov, from fear. II. with dat.,

under, hence subject to, as IITTO

#ao"Af. III. with ace. i. of motion,

under, close to ; ii. of time,

towards, as viro vvKra, towards

night, at nightfall. (Lat. subnoctem.)In Composition, under, also secretly,

gradually.

vnro-8xo|iav, I receive, welcome ; fut.

-Ss'fo^mi.

\>Tro-8o, 7 bind or tie under. (viro-

86e/Vo(, ti<A /Ar sAoes o, lit.

'

having their [shoes] bound under

[their feet].')

tnro-Srjjjia, -arcs, n. a sandal, lit.

'

something bound under [the feet].'

urro-fvYlov i -ov, n. lit. 'under the

yoke,' i.e. a beast ofburden,baggage-animal.

xiTTO-Xtitra), (Act.) 7 leave behind,

(Mid.) llagbehind; 2 aor. vir-i\nroi'.

uiro-Xvti), 7 loosen, unfasten ; fut.

-Xvffcu.

viro-v.fvt, 7 stay behind; fut. -/va>.

viir-owTfuo), 7 suspect, Lat. suspicio.

(vvo, and oîs, sight.)

v7ro-crTp<j)co, 7 <wr 6ac^, return;fut. -arptyca, 2 aor. pass, inr-

viir-oij/io, -et, f. suspicion. (i/ir6,and

oîs, sight.)

-a, -of, ^ rfay a//er. rp

vffTfpaia, sc. i7/ip?> " '^ e w^-*

cfcry. (i/oTfpos.)

varepos, -a, -or, /a/er, after, behind.

va-rtpov, (adv.) afterwards.

v4>-i(ju|v, imperf. mid. of v<p-irjni.

vcj>-tT)(xi, (Act.) 7 send or put under,

(Mid.) 7 grant, yield, submit; fut.

iKp-riffa), perf. pass. -]utu.

t<j)-i(rTrjfti, (trans.) 7 place under

(intrans.) 2 aor. vtrfiTTTjv and pass7 undertake, withstand, face thi

enemy, stand my ground.

vv|;Tj\6s, -77, -w, high, lofty.

vxj/os, -oi/$, n. height.

*.

j>aYiv, 2 aor. with pres. taOiu.

4>aiv<i), (Act.) I show; (Mid.) 7 a/>-

pear ; fut. <pavS>, I aor. l^ra^perf.pass, irttpaffât, 2 aor. pass. t<pdvrjv.

(fxuvfrai tlvai, he seems to be; but

0euVTavcpos, -&, -ov, manifest, visible,

clear. (<paivca.)

4>avfp<x>s, (adv.) clearly, evidently.

((xxpfjuucov, -ov, n. medicine, drug,hence poison.

fapvapafos, -ov, m. Pharnabazus,

satrap of Phrygia and Bithynia

(VIII. I).

*a<riavoi, -5iv, pi. m. the Phasiani.

(i) an Armenian tribe dwelling on

the Araxes, which Xenophon calls

the Phasis (V. 178). (2) a tribe

dwelling on the Colchian Phasis

(VI. 211).

4>aai, 3 pi. pres. ind. of <pr]fd.

4>ao-is, -180$, m. the Phasis. (i) a

river in Armenia, flowing into the

Caspian Sea, properly called the

Araxes (V. 176). (2) a river in

Colchis, flowing westwards into the

Euxine (VI. 210).

VOCABULARY.

JxicrKa), I say, assert, only used in

part. <t>aa/c(av and imperf. e<paaKov :

see </"7/.

t>cp,7 6rar, bring, carry; lead {of a

road) ; fut. ofooa, perf. evf)vo\a,

peif. pass, fvrjvtyftat, 1 aor. Tjvtytca,

2 aor. (in I pers. 'ing.) fivtfKov.

(\a\crrws tpfpca, I take it ill, amannoyed.)

4>ev>Y<o, / flee ; am banished, hence& (ptvyoiv, an exile; fut. <f>tvonai,

perf. irf<p(vya, 2 aor. etpvyov.

4>7]|ii,/ say ; fut. (prjffca, 2 aor. ecprjv

and tr^w, perf. ttprjica, perf. pass.

ttprjIMi, I aor. pass. (pprjOrjv. The

part, is often <paffKcuv, and the

imperf. t<paat(ov. See (paaica). (ov

<pr)/j.i,I say no, i.e. 7 Jewy, re-

/'.)4>0ava>, 7 "/ before, anticipate, over-

take ; fut. (pQrjoofjuii, I aor. ((pQaaa.

4>0YYIJI(U> I utter a word, shout, cry,

sound (of a trumpet) ; fut. tpOtyfo-

fj.at, I aor. ((pOtyfafirjv.

4>9ovfw, 7 e/ti/y, grudge, (with dat.),

fut. -77(70;.

<j>io.\T], -?;s, f. a cup, goblet, (hence

phial.)

(juXcco, 7 /ove ; fut. <pi\rioca. (<p&ot,

dear.)

cfiiXia, -a, f. friendship. (^)j'Aos,

rfear.)

4>i\iKos, -17, -6v, friendly.

4>iXiKuis, (adv.) on friendly tern*.

4>iXios, -a, -ov,friendly.

fciXoftvos, -on, m. Philoxenus, a brave

Greek from Pellene in Achaia.

(}>iXo TroXejxos, -oi', /oJ q/" war.

(<f>i\os, and 7roXt/<o, M/nr.)

4>iAos, -77, -ov, dear, beloved, hence

4>iXos, -ov, m. a friend.

4>iXo-cTTpaTiwTT)s, -ov, m. a soldiers'

friend. (<pi\os, and ffrpanwrrjt, a

soldier.)

$Xia<rios, -a, -ov, Phliasian, or

inhabitant of Phlius, a town in

Argolis.

4>oppos, -a, -ov, fearful, dreadful.

<t>opw, (Act.) I frighten; (Mid.) 7

/ear; fut. <po@qff<u.

4>6pos, -ov, m. fear, alarm, fright.cfroiviKT], -171, f. Phoenicia, the coast of

Syria from the river Orontes on the

north to Mount Carmel in the south.

Its two chief towns were Tyre and

Sidon, (lit.'

the palm-country,' from

(/>otVjf , a palm-tree.)

4>oiviKios, -a, -ov, red, purple. (<{>oivt,

purple.)

<|>oivi|, -IKOS, m. the palm-tree, (also

purple).

$ow., -IKOS, a Phoenician (I. 66).

4>pda>, 7 say, tell; fut. <f>paaca, perf.

jre<ppaKa.

<(>pap, -arcs, n. a well.

cj>povt|xojs, (adv.) prudently, sensibly,

(adv. of 4>povi.|Jios, prudent).

4>povpos, -ov, m. a guard.

fypvy&vov, -ov, n. a faggot, in pi.

firewood.

^pvyia, -as, f. Phrygia, originally the

whole interior of the western half

of Asia Minor, but extending on

the North-west to the Hellespontand Propontis. In Xenophon's time

this latter district was known as

Phrygia Minor, or Phrygia on the

Hellespont, while the interior pro-

vince was called Phrygia Major,or simply Phrygia.

4>VYas, -35os, m. an exile, (c^tvyca,

Iflee.)

4>uyf|' -T}, (.flight, banishment.

4>viX&KY|, -77*, f. watch, guard. (ipv\a-K&S <pv\a,TT(tv, to keep watch.)

<|>jXa|, -OKOS, m. a guard, sentinel.

(J>V\ATTW, fut. 0vAd:ai, perf. pass.

irt<p'v\aytMi, (Act.) Iguard; (Mid.)7 am on my guard, am ware of.

4>VT<i&>, 7 blow up, inflate; fut.

(pvff-qow, I aor. pass. i<pvarj0i)v.

<J>vw, 7 produce, beget; fut. <pvaw,

(intrans.) pf. irtyvica, ^ aor. i<pw,I am born, am by nature.

4>covn, -171, f. a voice, speech.

(jiws, 9cuTot, n. (contr. from <pnot),

light.

VOCABULARY. 231

X.

co, 7 rejoice, am glad; fut. \ai-

, perf. xf'P7

?/fa

' 2 aor - pass.

XaXeiraivco, 7 am angry, am provoked,

(with dat.)

XaXt-n-os, -TI, -uv, hard, difficult, (of

character) harsh.

XaXemos, (adv.) with difficulty. (x<*-\cnuis <f>(pfiv, to take it ill.)

XO.XKOS, -a, -of, (contr.) xa^KO^S,-77, -ovv, made of bronze or copper.

XO.XKOS, -oO, m. copper, bronze. .

XdXv|3es, -tav, pi. m. the Chalybcs,a people in Pontus, north of Ar-

menia, famed for their iron mines

(V. 177).

XapdBpa, -as, f. a gully, ravine.

Xapieis, -ecrcra, -tv, graceful, neat,

clever, (x^pis, grace.)

Xapiop.ai, 7 gratify, favour, oblige ;

I aor. (\apiffa.fj.T]V, perf. xa ~

s, -tros, f. favour, thanks, grati-tude. diro8(5(W( XPIV > to return

a favour; txfiv X^PLV, to feel

grateful.

Xapp.ivos, -on, m. Charmimis, a

Lacedaemonian envoy (VII. 328).

Xi[Awv, -cufos, m. (i) winter. (2)

wintry weather, a storm. (Lat.

hiems.)

Xtp, X6'P^S > f- a hand ; dat. pi. x fPa>l -

Xipi(7o4>os, -ov, m. Cheirisophus, a

Spartan general under Cyrus.

Xeipwv, -or, used as comp. of KaK6s,

worse, inferior. (x e<P<w for xfipova,ace. sing, or neut. pi., x f

'

lp vs f r

X^'pofes or x f'P vas-)

Xeppovnrjo-os, or Xfpo'oVô'os, f. the

Chersonese, in Thrace (I. 26, note)

XT|\T|, -ijs, f. a pier, breakwater,

(shaped like a claw).

XiXtoi. -at, -a, a thousand.

XiXos, -oO, m. fodder, grass.

XITWV, -euros, m. an under garment,shirt, tunic. (Lat. tunica.)

Xuov, -ovos, f. snow.

xXajjivs, -voos, f. a cloak.

Xc'pros, -ov, m. grass, provender.

Xpdo(xai, 7 use, employ, treat, deal

w'th, (with dat.); fut. x/"7"' /"1 '!

perf. Ktxprifjiai, I aor. fxp'jffafj.tjv.

XP>J, (impers.) it is necessary, one

must, one ought ; fut. xpfa^t lm~

perf. (XPHV -

XptifAa, -arcs, n. lit.' that which may

be used;' generally in plural Xp~f]-

[xara, property, money, (x/xio/xat, 7

wse.)

XpT)|AaTumKos, -17, -of, (of an omen)par/ending gain. (xpr)i-i.ara, money}~-"~i, infin. of XP1?-

i, pres. infin. of xp^ât -

5, -of, useful, serviceable,

(Xpa.ofJ.ai, I use.)

Xpovos, -ov, m. time; iro\vv xpovov,

for a long fane.

Xpvcreos, -a, -of, (contr.) xpvtrolOS'

-77, -ov*', golden, (xpvffos.)

Xpvaiov, -ov, n. gold-money, (dimin.

XpveroiroXis, -ecus, f. Chrysopolis, a

city of Bithynia on the Bosporus,now Scutari. (Lit. 'the golden

city.')

Xpvo-os, -ov, m. gold.

Xupa, -as, f. a country, district, terri-

tory; also place, position.

Xtopcw, 7 go, march, proceed; fut.

\<upr)a(a.

X&>pov, -ov, n. a place, especially

fortified place, fort, position; also

space of ground, (dimin. of

Cs, (adv.) apart, separately.

\|/<Xiov, -ov, n. a bracelet.

\|/v5co, (Act.) I deceive; (Mid.) 7 lie,

play any one false; fut. ifxvaca,

perf. pass. tiftvfffMt, I aor. pass.

iif/tva6r]v.

\|/r|<|>io|xai,I vole; I aor. (i//T)<piaaftr)v.

(\f/rj<pot, a pebble for voting.

\l/iX6s, -T], -6v, bare ; light-armed.

VOCABULARY.

4/o<t>(o), 7 make a noise, clash (of a

shield). (ifrotyos, noise.)

4>vXrl ">7S > f- 'A so;//, ///(?.

4/vxos, -oi/t, n. cold.

ft.

u>, sign ot the vocative.

iSe, (adv.) thus, as follows (introduc-

ing a speech).

aJS-q, -775, f. a song, (contr. from

aotor], from atiSaj, a5oj, I sing.)

ojT|OTjv, I aor. pass, of OIO/MU.

hidtw, I push; fut. wffca, perf. toiHa,

I aor. tojffa.

uj0io-p.6s, -oO, m. a pushing, jostling.

cpKovv, imperf. of oiKta.

uSXfera, I aor. act. of o\\Vfj.i.

ciXXvpiTjv, imperf. mid. of oAAt>j.

iX6p.Tr]v, 2 aor. mid. of o\\vfj.i.

J>|x6s, -17, -OK, raw/; (of character)

savage, cruel.

iLjios, -ou, m. /Ae shoulder. (Lat.

WTH^rws.)

up.oaa, I aor. act. of oîvvfu.

u)V0(iai, 7 6wji; fut. uiv^trofjuii, 1 aor.

twpia(j.T)v. (See irpiaadai.)

uvios, -a, -or, /or safe. T<i c

commodities.

<p6|AT|V, imperf. of oiofuu.

topa, -as, f. a season, hour, time. (Lat.

Aora.)

cop[j.T]Qro, I aor. act. of op^dca.

upp.i]|jiai, perf. pass, of oppa<a.

wpp,ovv, imperf. act. of o/)/'aj.

J>p)juo|XT]v, imperf. mid. of dp/taw.

b>p(pvY)JtT]v, pluperf. pass, of opvrroi.

u>S, (conj.) (i) AOK/, fls, as j/"; with

infin. so as to. (2) Ma/, t orrfer

/Aa/. (3) s/wcf, because. With

numerals, about, as els câroc, about

a hundred. With superlatives, as

ws Ta^'ora. as quickly as possible.

uxravTws, (adv.) in lite manner.

&o"irtp,just as if,just as.

wcrre, (with Ind.) so that, (with Infin.)so as to.

tiris, -tSo$, f. a bustard.

WTOS, gen. of ov*.

u(}>eX(o>, 7 aia*, help, benefit; imperf.

wtpfKovv, fut. -Tjffu. (Distinguishfrom &<pt\ov, 2 aor, of 6<p(i\o>.)

ui}>fXi}jios, -;, -or, profitable, useful.

, imperf. o

GRAMMATICAL REGISTER.

The references are in all cases to the Notes; the more important are distinguished

by a difference of type.

Article.

Article distinguishing subject from

predicate, iii. 206; iv. 269;viii. 319.

possessive use of, i. 15 ; iii. 1 70 ;

iv. 93 ; viii. 160.

separated from its noun by inter-

vening words, i. 109 ;iv. 1 24 ;

viii. 141, 163.with infinitive, see Mood.with participle, iv. 94; vi. 133,202 ; viii. 356.

with was, iii. 112; vi. 137.with jroXis, v. 82 ; vj. 158.

Pronoun.

avrrj and avrr), v. 1 1 6.

avros o ?.nd 6 OVTOS, i. 209 ; iv. 190 ;

vii. 69, 254.tlaiv 01, vi. 45.

(KtlVOS, V. 62.

17, 77, ?f and fi, %, -g, vi. 268 ; vii. 201.vans in indirect questions, iv. 233.oirroffl, i. 248.ravra and ravrd, i. 275.

ravrtiv, \. 198.ri$ with accent thrown back from fol-

lowing word, viii. 161, 510.

Substantive.

Declension of ols, @ovs, etc., vii. 34.

Distinguish between :

SptffTov, apiarov, iii. 15 ; vii. 168.

Paffi\(iat }affi\(ia, i. 9.

(0t\ovTas, i0f\ovTas, vi.395-

otitot, OIKOI, i. 298.

opos, opos, v. 182.

<pv\andst <f>v\aicas, vi. 4.

Meanings of:

otr\a = t>n\i'Tai, vii. 47.TO. oir\a,

'

quarters,' iv. 4; vii. 162.

ntXraffrai and tf>i\oi, vi. 50.

TrpojSoA^, vii. 206.

<pa\ay(, v. 306 ; vii. 202 ; viii.

268.

Verbal nouns in -ffts and in -fia, iv.

236.

CASE.

Attraction of relative, i. 290; vii.

196; viii. 314.of nominative into relative clause,

viii. 526.Nominative with infinitive, iv. 286 ;

vii. 283 ; vii. 31, 249.Accusative, cognate, vi. 288.

double, viii. 383.of respect, i. 262; iii. 98; v. 126;

vi. 345: viii - I 36 > 364-of time, iv. 73.

Genitive, absolute, iv. IOI.

of respect, v. 129.of time, iv. 255 ; v. 280 ; vii.

101, 163.

partitive, iv. 127 ; v. 66, 319; viii.

no.Dative, as complement in apposition,

iv. 8l ; viii. 51.commodi, v. 9.

instrumental, iii. 135; vii. 147.

Tavry, p, as local adverbs, v. 22, 71.

234 GRAMMATICAL REGISTER.

NUMBER.

Dual for emphasis, v. 17 ;viii. 355.

Dual subject with plural verb, iv. 134;v. 17.

Dual adjective with plural noun, i. 1 ;

iv. 279; viii. 135.

GENDER.

TW as feminine dual, vi. 347.

Adjectives.

aAXos, vii. 122.

avTuparos, v. 9.

Stivos, v. 208 ; viii. 207.

fifaos, iv. 172 ; v. 34.TroAAoC agios, ii. 135.

rj7 vffrtpaiq, etc., with noun omttted,

i. 327.'

Prepositions.

av&, distributive, iv. 1 78.

in composition, i. 7; v. 322.avci Kparos, ii. 5.

iwo, in composition, vii. 273; viii.

145, 221.

8i, in composition, iv. 309 ; v. 10,

loo ; vi. 271 ; viii. 88, 184.with gen. versus ace., vii. 277 J

viii. 478.ds, with numerals, vii. 140.

ftc, of time or consequence, i. 85, 1 79 ;

viii. 146, 498.'

pregnant' use of, i. 88.

IK naifiuv, iv. 2OI.

iv, of time, vi. 15, 72, 174.

firi, with gen. 'on a base of,' i. 71.with dative :

purpose, i. 276 ;vi. 15 ; vii. 133,

33-condition, iv. 350; vi. 2OI.

with ace. :

extent, vii. 130.

object or aim, iv. 209 ; vi. 16 ;

v. 153' *37|viii. 423.

in composition, iv. 232.

KO.T&, with gen., vii. 230.

with ace. (distributive force), IT.

231 ; viii. loo.

Kp6.ro*, ii. 53 ; viii. 518.

,with ace. versus gen., i. ia8j

viii. 229.

Trapd, with dat., iv. 286.

with ace. :

'

beside,' i. 322 ;motion to, iv.

318 ; 'along,' vii. 82.

comparison, viii. 405.'

contrary to,' iii. 75 ; iv. 76 ;vii

290.in composition, vii. 200, 207 ; viii.

1 08.

iTtfii,with ace., of behaviour '

to,' viii.

4I3.ol TTfpl, with ace., viii. 290.

trpos, with gen., v. 56.

irpos Oftav, viii. 72.with dat. versus ace., viii. 389.

ffiiv, iv. 128.

iiiro, in comp., iv. 219.

Verbs.

Compound verbs in -o>, iii. 33 ; in

-6ca, iii. 187.Transitive and Intransitive :

X<*>, iv. 2 ; vii. 1 47.

iffTrint, i. 205 ; ii. 99 ; v. 330.

rtp&TT(a, iv. 19 ; vii. 80.

Passive supplied by other verbs :

atptw, a\iffKonai, vii. 5. 271.

airoKTiivca, duoQvijaicca, vii. 223;viii. 284.

&aj9<jSd<v, 8ta/3aiV<u, viii. III.

(K@a\\aj, (KiriirTcv, vi. 57 ; viii. 139

7ra<rxa>, iroitca, viii. 198.

TiOrjfit, fitiiMi (and compounds), iii

207 ; vii. 221 ; viii. 59.Peculiar meanings :

dvayi'yi'&ffKOJ, i. 237 ; vi 267*dito@\eTTa}, viii. 145.

ota0&\\(a, i. 1 2.

tuxptpopai, viii. 97.oincfo>, iii. 75.

itriTiOffuu, vii. 20.

ifnioi, viii. 274.

K&pvu, vi. 268.

irappfyyvaw, vii. 186.

irpoirivca, viii. 2 1 8.

ffvffieevAfrncu, viii. 176.

vndf>x<u, vi. 172.

GRAMMA TICA L REGISTER. 230

Phrases : ixtiv alnav, viii. 368 ;

X<"/irpayfMra, vi. 131; KKTJV

Sovvai, vi. 252 ; S'mrjv iiriQtlvii,

\. 134; Sint]v t\tiv, viii. 308.Ofiv bpopy, ii. 54 ; vii. 206.

0t<r6ai o-n\a, i. 242 ; v. 54 ; vi.

63; vii. 172; viii. 55.noitiv \6\ov, vi. 36.

irpo@a\tffdat rci on\a, i. 83.

Construction of OKOVU, with gen., ii.

43 ;iii. 13; vi. loi.

XpdofMt, with dat., vi. 338.


ayvvfii, ay<u (in certain tenses), iv.

,35 -

atpa, alpeeu, i. 203.aiTica, alriaofMU, iv. 21, 273.alrfoj. (pwTao), iii. 43.

dnodiSpdffKU, dirofpfvya), i. 172.

SoKta), (paivofucu. vi. 226.

/*i, fiyvofMi, iv. 125 ; viii. 16.

tltrov, tlrrofirjv, ii. 158.

ftpyai, Ipydfanai, vii. 77.

imaraÔLL, (<picrrr]î, iv. 69, 148.ftrr&aav, iarrjaav. i. 196.

â, ^*oi, v. 150.

fj/t>, fpxonai, viii. 91.

1lpopr)v, rjpovfjtTjv, i. 314 ; IT. 34 ;

viii. 136.

tfaOijv, jjaffoni]!', ii. 01 ; vi. 13.

^X^7?". ^X^W".

v - ' 35-

Xt'ô), A.177W, iv. 31.ofSa, yiyvwoKca, v. 190 ; vi. 194.

dv, bpulta, i. 161 ; iv. 204.

xot**)v< ' J 69; v. 334.

VOICE.

Active and Middle (difference of) :

alpf<u, iv. 64; vii. 251. 371.iluwaj. iii. 55.

diro5('5cu/u, viii 99.Xajuj3di/o>, v. 265.

iropfvdj iii. 141.

ovn@ov\<vsa, iv. 145 viii. 499.Tf/jpa>, i. 151; viii. 306.(pofttio, v. 145.

</>vAaTTW, i. 373; iii. QI.Peri", passive in middle sense, v. 1321

*> 39. 4 1 vi>- 88

MOOD.

Indicative for Optative in reported

speech, ii. 5, 125 ; viii. 32.

Subjunctive after compounds of av, iii.

67; v. 243; vii. 38, 310; viii.

243, 418.

Optative in reported speech, vi. 8 ;

viii. 304, 461.= past subjunctive, iv. 13; vi. 108.

deliberative, viii. 22J, 379, 525.in indefinite or uncertain state-

ment, vi. 181 ; vii. 92, 235.indirect question, iv. 282; viii.

214, 343.statement, viii. 344.

for fut. indicative, viii. 463.Fut. Opt. in reported speech, iv. 289.Forms in -oirjv, -<pr)v, iii. 133 ; vi.

38l.

Infinitive with article, i. 24 ; iii. 196 ;

iv. 97; vi. 301 ; vii. 153.with av, i. 117.of purpose, v. 158 ;

vii. 90, 115,

265 ;viii. 227.

Participle with alaxvyofMi, i. 215; iv.

38-

XavGdvea, viii. 251.

Tvyx vu> ^v - *> 330.ofta. etc., i. 119 ; ii. 108 ; vii. 269 ;

viii. 377.= conjunction and verb, i. 261;

viii. 81.

Imperfect, viii. 38, 101 ; Future,vii. 16; viii. 71, 79, 360.

l(6v, iv. 55 ; (xonffot, ii. 24 ?x<uviv. 260; <pfp6fjuvot, v. 273.

Verbal adjective, iv. 142 ; v. 238 ; vii.

185.

TENSE.

Present historical, i. 1; ii. 79; v.

296nasalised, i. 187; vi. 314.with wd\ai, v. 310.

Imperfect, general force, iii. 38 ; iv.

17.5;* 98; vi. 389; vii. 5,74;

viii. 310, 273, 545.wrsMS Aoriit, vii. 21 3, 374, 313

GRAMMATICAL REGISTER.

Aorist rendered by pluperfect, i. 254;ii. 118; v. 40.

Paulo-post Future, iii. 77-Tenses of \tyca =

'

speak,' and 'gather,'v. 6.

Augment in (ica&tôfirjv, etc., iv. 60;

v. 141 ; viii. 223.

Conjunctions.

Combined with civ, see Subjunctive,

ft, tav (forms 'of conditional sentence),

iv.113; viii. 52, 148, 155, 409.Inti, v. 173; ivttSr), vi. 367; viii.

1 6.

tart, iv. 221.

i'a.'s, with pres. and a or., vi. 321 ; vii.

205.iva, viii. 184.iinort, with opt., v. 219.onus, iv. 54.

npiv, with opt., viii. 484.in sentence with vpuaOtv, iv. 121.

t!/, with fut. part., ii. 70 j v. 2 ; viii.

"5-with superlative, v. 185 ; vi. 361.with numerals, iv. 293; viii. 534.= '

as if,' viii. 15.

<rirtp, v. 20.

wart, with indie., v. 93; vi. 47; with

ir.fin., viii. 522.

Adverbs.

Atl, iv. 127 ; v. 287.avrov, vii. 174.

lyyvi, comparison of, viii. 21.

$fy, viii. 355, 497.

oiifapfi, oAAax}, etc., viii. 186.

irXyniov, i. 109; viii. 524.


oâa, &(*oiwt, iv. 37.

irot, TTUV, vii. 85.Adverbs in -Btv, vi. 229; in '(, vi.

3>4. 354-

Particles.

dAXi, iii. 131 ; v. 217 ; vi. 258, 270 ,

vii. 300.d\\d UTIV, vi. 258, 31 7.

dAAa . . . futv, viii. 367.dv, with relative pron., i. 175.

. , ... ) See forms of con--with past indie./

ditionalscm-optatwe.

J

.

v 113with infin., iv. 1 23 ; vii. 141.

drop, v. 199

yt, vi. 246; viii. 372, 387.

817, iii. 210; iv. 8, 263, 355; vfl.

229 ; viii. 419.

i$ HTJV, iii. 60.

Ka't, senses of, i. 21 ; iii. 32 ; iv. 84 ;

vii. 305 ; viii. 320.

='or,' v. 223; vi. 71.KO.I 9ap, vi. 285 ;

vii. 135.Hal . . . 8, iv. 2 1 7 ; v. 1 96.Hal Srj, iii. 180; vi. 241.KOI wv, i. 3CX3.

nal ITUIS, v. 2 1 6.

piv . . . 8(, iv. 45; vii. 161, igojviii. 294.

H\v 817, iv. 8.

ptv ovv, ii. 83; iii. 129; vi. 144;viii. 346.t, v. 207 ; vii. 19. 271 ; viii.

427.oSv, i. 6.

T . . . *eu, viii 358.

Negatives.

H%, after verbs of hindering, etc., iv,

242 ;v. 310.

with participle, v. 123.

^77 versus ov, v. 202 ; vi. 91, 240;viii. 121.

oi'5, vi. 265 ; vii. 145.ov ^r)v, viii. 420.oi'K-iOi\u, i. 127.

ov-<pr)iu. iv. 278 ; vii. 141.

Multiplied negatives, 1141; ii. 59.

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