Easy Guide to Chess.pdf

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Easy Guide to Chess



E EE

hiefAdvisr: Gr KapaovEdir ndrew KmanRssian Series Edir Ken Nea

Oher ies f neres inc

LEV ALBURT Tt d Improve Yo Che

AVERBAKHChe Ending: Eeial nowge

JOS CAPABLANCACe Fndamena

WILLIAM HARTSTONHow to Cea a Ce

JULIAN HODGSONChe Tavele Quiz Book

DANL KINGHow Good i Yo Che?

STEWART REUBENCh Onng - Yo Coce

VLADIMIR VUKOVICe of Aack in C

SIMON WEBBChe for Tger

or a compee caalogue of CADOGAN CHESS o (wich

cde e Pergamon Che ad Maxwell Macmlln Ce it) pleae wrie o Cadogn Boo pc, London Hou Pakgae RoadLondon SW 4NQ.

Tel (071) 738 96 ax (07) 924 591



Easy Gude to Chess

J;\ LNN NEW R



ADAN K DTRUTN

UEUROPE/AUSTRALASIASIAFRICA

Dstrbuon: Grnham Book Serve Ld, Iaa Newon ay AmaPak Indal Etate, Granam, L NG1 9S Te 0476) 674 Fax 0476) 590

USCANALATIN AMEICJAPANDistrbution Parmont ibton Cente, on and BownSee Rverde New Jeey 08075 USA

Tel 6 46 6500 Fax 6 64 9

Fr algebrai edon pbed 994 by Cadogan Book p, LondonHoe Pakgate Road London S 1 4NQ

© 994 B H ood Memoal FndF pbied 194

A righs resere N par f his pubicain may reprcesred in a reriea sem r ramied in any frm r anymean eecrnic eecrsaic magneic ape mecnicaphcpying recrding r herwe wihu prir permissin inwriing m he pubishers

Britsh Lbrary Catalogung n Pubcaton DataA CIP aaoge rod for t book avalable om te BrihLbary

ISBN 1 85744 00

Cove d by Ba Rob Typeeing by B B EnepePrned n Grea Brtan by BPC eaon Ld Exee



Contets

Inoduo 7

1 e Men d te Mov 9

Sartg d g e Gme 233 Vlue o te Me 33

4 rt CsGme 4 9

5 Element of Comnon 56

w

7 Te iee d te w 84

8 How o Me Good Move 93

Notton 104

0 Bai Endgme Moti 108

Stndd Opeg 115

roem nd ril y 123

Appedix 138

Index d Goy 140



Introduction

Wat sort of gme i che? Before I do ny ese, let me dspele dea ta it me for te ntellecu few, beyond te powes ofe avere pero. Te ch of a 'maser may be; but so i e sn

n of a C e foobal gme of a Pee.. You cn sl dve mmense plese om playg game badly!Howev obody really enjoys ply ny me badly for year a

e ye here s a pecar eoymen bt people wo ed tobea you, d te m of ttle bk is o show yo not oly owce i played bt lso ow t ca payed well. I ve ted to povde you wh e oys of mpovent n e eses wy pobe Ihave bee to ge ps o condse he expeece of my yeasply may coies to sml bk. A the same me I ve not

voded repetos nd I ve ot srk y detiled expnobecause I w yo to read, not wth despate concenaion, b n esme lazy way s yo read a novel or a ewspa I m hopn sbook will enbe you to pck p c easly, amost csuy bu corectly.

Cs s que so may ways tha I c dy spe spce to recot em. W other ame ca you play by post w oppoenn, say, Austala? Or by teepone wth oppoen maybe fve osnd miles awy - yet s ame n oo? It s the most neatona of l gmes, beatg eve tens ts c t mbsi devoees every civiled coy n Siba, Mexco Id CpeTown d Cactta Vacouv ad Vadvostok The Icedes, athod m No of Eope, e payes. So e e Bailison te Euator. A ma oce wrote to me san ha he had foud nives pyig ch n he cha wds of Cena adasc,mes om nywhee

I mst be one of te ceapest gam A c cub needs o ed or

pavlion, dsn oom goa posts the player msef reques ospecal clotn, bat, racquet, cap or the lke Apa om a room, a fewtbes, it d e gs wc at a pnc, coud esly be sppledby one of the memrs s own ose a chess cub need go o o



8 Gu hess

the expese h a few chep ses d boads. Anyhing moe is mere lury Ecept perha, a few chss cocks

Anothe unque feaue: the leadg chss pyes (o 'mste asthey re nobly amed) have a bigge public h edes y othe

pasime - this may make footbll fics gsp bt it is perfecy e.Games pyed betwee ledg mes e ecoded ad epoduced mgzin d newspps ove he wod Any unusuay bilitgme is quoted om one o ohe, o be plyed ove by milios ofedes nd bg its w fame, ot oy his own couny, btbod; no oly his ow tme bu mybe fo decad to folow

What ohe nd of gme c yo ply, if ecsy whout a scpof appaus of ny nd? Even noughs d cosses nees penci d

ppe Bdfod chess is deveopmen of he gme by no mes soucany o even difcut, s mos people imagine The wo paici pts picue bord ad m hei mds eyes calng out hei moves nd kping he posiios n hei hes roughout It is ot wys the songest pyes who bes at bindfod ch quie medioce pyers ofen have almos stctive cpacty to ean theevechgg positions hei imgaios, ad occasionaly a bege k to bdod ch li a duck to wte

Uque he ieaue of ch Moe books have bn wrt

bot chess h bou y oe gme own among them he second book eve pted in he glish lguage

ee one cosideation whch must men somethg to evey ewcome to the gme A tenis player is od t 40 foobl t a baseba babe at 0 a table-teis chmpion (they sy) 7 Whtsatsfacion he n dg you pows statng to we almos befoe you have ely mseed a game? Wht he but disappoint ment ad eget A chess yo can cotinue to consoidate ad m pove fo a og long time Stetz ws si oly middle cass pyeat 25, bt he suequty becme Wod Chmpio nd etaned thstite fo ove qure of cetuy Laske who succeeded was st playng wel in mase-tomens a he age of seventy Ch is agme of the mind d mental powes coninue o deveop fo longeh physica

Again s chess hs no physical bass, i possibe o eadcateflts of style by diigen sdy whees in sy, tes, a bad stye pckd up i yo youh, when you coud o ffod epesive coach

ig might hamp you fo the es of your ifeSo om this book yo c e gme whch c cotine o povide you with te ejoymen not fo te yers o fo twentyyers but til the end of yo dys



The Men and er Moves

Chess is played on a ordinardraugts (ceckers) bod ofsxty-or squares atetely

cooued ight and dak. The coou cn acaly be ny twocoasng sades but re invaraby caled 'Wte adBlack n dscson. As indagts, he wo paes moveateaey om beging oed All te squa re ande boad mus paced so tat

eac player s a wite sque ine coe et is right and. ('Wte on yo rght i easy to

embe Look at ay completedagm is book, and notetat eac paye a wtesque nerest o at is igt

hnd Eac paye srs with

sixee me whic re o alaike as in daughs but avevaryng powers can move a cean way oter in noter,and so on Cess as manyanaogi wt war and wen payng t, yo can easy magneyorsel s a wa Minister wivarious oces under yor com

mand each with s ow segand limitations; or stance yorfny moves sowy but cancross an sort of grond yor

tanks can coss roug ground btre sopped by rvers you navy powe a but uee on

land, ad so on I ce oe ofe men (te bishop) cn moveay distance diagonay bt notoewise wees ao, eng, can move in ny dtio,

bu oly one sqre a a tme; dso on

Yo oly ea tsk e beginnig i ta o eg wat

each d o cess mn ca adcnnot do and, sce he areoly sx diferent ds o m altold i i not dfcl ac, you hadly d to l ay moe you have had to e e meangs of ounds o diferen words you in coversation

evey day ou play a ew gm- make a ew mistak ke acd in is ak bt soon da you ow ow eac piece moves wihot boterg o abou it

Checkmae

Each play one ma caed a'g The woe aim o chess iso coer you opponens g.



Gu ess

We y 'checate it, or practi-cay always, for shor 'me iYou have mated your opponeskig nd herefore wo he gmewhe yo e eteing to'tae t nd you oppoent cn-

not do nyhg to peve you.A soo you have subjted

your oppot to ts ndigiyhe gme s over. s al yore realy payig fo om begg o ed dnt frge The

whoe aim of he game o getoe paicar m out of hesixtee you oppoet srs thegame wh nmely s g ioyour pow

Yo cn capue your oppo nes oher men nd ovethem om the bod her idraghs. Ts suay helps of

cose b yo mst ever be-come so itereted n he procstht yo forge the e im of hegame

To ake or 'capure at chessyou if he captued mn off he bord ad pce the cprgm on he sque it occupied

Your own m trows o hsadversary nd gbs his b ofteritory Yo re ot compeledto capue wheever yo can oaraly you oppoet (ss a big dffece om draughs aso is he fct ha yo nevermp over n eemy mn) Whea m is pced tt cold be

cptured it is said o be en prisepoouced o preez); m

may of be e en prise for to twey mov nd hen move

awy e ed witout beingcured t ll

There ae vaos pae ofcheme n but one so popu or pen o paywth the Snto I hope,fo your sake, th yo hve ac-uired a set of hese nd I s-sme you have got hem by yo.Exmne hem

Note hat sxtee wte andsixeen back hese are e two

opposg rmes, one payer ta-ng commnd of te white mennd he oh of he bckWhite ma a move t henBack, h Wt aga ad o i sct alteto il hegame is ov

Ech set of sxtee smialycoloued m comprs egh

lite ones, a aie cled paws,ad egh arger oes of vyigdeg ced piec

The two wte piec ad hetwo blac pieces wch look kehe castl wee acay caledcastle a cetry ago bt wehave reverted to n od name de

rived om he Persn roos.These powe peces whichcn move ny dsance pwrdsdownwards o sdewys, but otdagoy. ey ct n oheword aog he ndfiles he ran beng he rowsof suares across he bod fromside to sde nd the the rows

rght ngles to thee crossghe bod om oe payer to n-ot

I printed digms roo re



Mn r Mvs 1

show ik Whte k: Blac Next pick ou he wo piees,

one whie one black which havea scaloped cola round hernec. The ae e qus

Wht 'Bac e queen is the mos powerl

piece on e bord I ca moveany distace horzontaly vert-

cally o diagonaly; tha is to sayalog a rk ie o diagona.The paws ae easy o fmd.They ae pd dag

lk this:Wte pn [Black p: Each player has eig pawn

Thei normal move s oe suare

staight orward but they capureone squae diagonally orwadey cao move backwards bu

have one mendous powewhch i that wheever oe ach the opposie edge o the board unscathed it ca (acualy mus e exchanged no anyohe ma (ecept a g) its

own chooses. A e qun ise most power pece the suc-csl paw s usualy 'po moed o a qun ad we hensay he pawn has b quenedI dosn mate the payersorignal uee is stil on he

boad he can acque a secondquen and even a hrd or ourthi he is so ucky.

The Kghts Move

The nex piece we come to i theight also easiy reco or

both the pece d he prtedsymbo o (which we give wt a a hss ad

Whte ght Blac ght It h a rae pecui move

whch some people gasp at once

ut whch bohes others. caseyou fd i hrd I shal explain itcrelly.

Look a Diagram 1 e ghthere could move a choice to nyo he eght squaes maked wian 'X. I an eny piece pawn sood on ay o hosesqua the gh coud captue

in a che diagrams Whiteges p the bard

Diagram 1

have come aoss ou dent deinitons o he ghts move ad I am going to gve alor Whateve you do don y



12 E G t Ch

to memorie em al Read hemcefuly, make up you mdwhich sms te cleares o you

(it is curious how ases de),make a note of t nd forget het

) A ight mov to the nextbut-one sqe o opposite colouto e sqe on which i standsIt moves fom a white sqe to ablack sqe o from a black to awhite neve from wite o wte

o om black to black Veiyts om te diagram

i) I moves wo squares in onediecton hen one at ght ngesYou may d i easi to undestnd he gts move i yopictre it s tang pace in a ebox of sx sques whch icoss om coer o coer

ii) I moves one squae fowds o sdeways nd en onesque diagonally in e samegeea diection

offcal defnition says hegh can be moved ke a ookone sque and like a bishop onesqe, he squae aly eched

must not adjon he quare saed om, such movementscosttuing one move

iv) It moves o just thosesqes two sques beadthaway to wc the qeen ca ntmove You emembe ha thequeen ca move ay distce up,dow, o diagonaly? ote

wods, the queen cn move nydistce No, South, Eas oWt; or N SE, or SWTe ight cn move to ay of

he eigt inedate compasspoins E EE etcetc not ny distnce bu jus

wo quesImagine he igt in Diagam1 epaced by a qee The queencould move to ny dtination nomoe ha two sqaes away excep hose o which te ighcould move and which we havemked by Xs) T popety ofthe gh is seul t is he only

m whic cn attack te qunwthou g attacked by thequn in e

Read ove eac o tese oexpaaons, consulting Dagam1 eac time, nd comg hthey l descrbe e ightsmoves d that each of heigts moves ilsated on ediagm confoms to em Thendecide wch expnaion youd easit ad forget e ohe or hey will ony muddle you!

We ave now pick ot o ouse of chessmen he quees, hengs, he paws he oos, theghs ad tee sod be ony

fo pieces lef, wo black, twowhie Tese e e sops. Theop is spposed o epren abishops mie

p: Bk p A we have aready mentioned,

e bsop moves dagoaly soat the powerl qun combines

e moves o a bishop d ook,being ae to move ike eih atchoce Te is notg moedeady ha a queen in l gt



Mn and thr Ms 3

Catung

agam 2

Dagm o he capeof a ack bop y a ie ookWe pay i ook ono eqae occpied y e biop

d emov e laer om he bodI rp egne o

a, mong he mae eg i conide e ekof e piec, manly caue oe oe o i age aqee, ook o biop cn coe bod in a inge move, eea a g cnno do i feer a hee

To begie agenoveig evey ohe coideraio o i ohile making a effor o amiie yoef i i move a e vey gg o n dong o, yo ill

e mmediaey enuig youela bg advaage over may elod o go in aj fear of vagr for moh Te

ooe yo eega g o gl place a a uef r om eing piece e

moe qicky yo l come agood payer

Yo ll aedy ave gaereda e ng i a ar pla pec nc a of o'd dend o Yo avealedy le i move, oeqe y diecon Naualy men e cno move like a

ig o yono move nqare NNE o yo od nof p in e mdde of aqare He ca move o ay o eeig qae ex o

ng �B ng •Yo may e cky and ave

go od of a ecodhand e n

c e co ben ockedo e op of i con eg cro eem o e movleabe pa of a ce e ad,a a rog emae I od ayha eny percen o e e e ave e ocked ooe or o o e ng!

May og o e fc a eng maed pell e end ofe gme e ng vrioueccrciie or ce e cannev e cpred; e king e main on he ord om e egg o e end of e gmeHe c never be e a poion ee e cold e caped; e,

f a enemy pece heaen e m mediaely ge aayom e aack Evey oe pla mu go by e boad n i cy



Gi t Chess

o ee heeded O-ten he plye mg the movewc ttc im sys Ceck!A chek is a threat t captre a

kng Any move wc does ommedtey ted o he cecks ilegl cot std nd cn e

pusedTee e tee wys o getig

o o ny tck nd he o chk e:

( Cptng e tcg piece

( Movg the g o(c) teposig pece e

twee he tcg piece d heng

Ony whe e check comeom qee sop o ook ishis lst esuce ville wehe cecke s pw o gh

cptung it o movg he ge e oy esoucThe g cn eve move io

ceck e mke move whicwod low eny pe tocptue i eply. Cose-quenty he two c eveoccpy djct sques ecsehe oe cod cpue he ohe

Some llustaive Positions

Dim 3 te white ook sgvng check sice i could cpte he ck g nex move must now Bcks to move d e ms ted he

ceck oce y cpuing he ook wi e q o movnghe qeen i etween he ng nd

e ook o movng the ng soh it is no loge i ceck.

iagram

To move e g one squee wold ot vi cse wod eve sl sect tocptue y te ook ie stil i

chk No cod he move heg oe sque owds he ooko e sme eson No cod he move o o he ck sqe i etween d he whie kig ecse hee he wod e iceck om the e He codgo o ny o he mked sques

oweve nd e o o

check Digm 4 he ck kig

cn get out o ceck y movig to y o te ck sq next o o y cptig he ishop He cno move to hewhie sqe ove him o e ecse e wod en e lileto cpe y te sop no o

t low on s e e-cuse the he could e cpted y e whie kig He cod move



Mn and thr Ms

away to No-east

agram 4

agram

Here the black g is mated. Te rook is atacg ad prevens his scaping eher Easor Wst. The ight preves s

moving or N and eshop prvens s mong ohor Souh. Fnaly, he we king

prevens om moving SWand he pawn om movg SEHe cano capre he attacgrook so cannot escape ayway. Checte! Whte hs wo

For some oher checteosios to Capter

maios o Moves

mght have spsed you to ow powe he ceare e bishop can ave anydstanc dagonally A rook anydstanc veically or hoizontay. 'Is a woder, murmrs a

draugs player her st anexposo Of couse evey piece, at prac

tcay evey stage of e game isobsuced by oer piec Teac ha capu ae not compulsoy makes a ot o differce.Take or leave s he sloganin cess. A piece or pawn may

rema caprable bu ucapedfor many moves one pyer ssatised al e me a s sto eave t in ta positio, ad heoter ha he gains ohng bycapring it.

atally piece wch is prs (captrable) lke his ally protected by some oer

mn i.e anoer ma of owsde is saioned a to be abeo recapure an ey pece capring . Te next diaamshows a gh protected by a paw. auay he gh s seagain captue by e blackqueen, or he paw woud m mediaely recaptue and Blackwoud ave give away powerful uee or a gh.



6 E G t Ch

agram 6

A man can move on o a squreoccupied by a hosile piece, wehave seen capuring i. Replacethat hosile piece by another ofhis own colour: now e caotmove to tha square. The endy

piece block his acon or movemen in ta drecion Two mencan never occpy he amesqure

agram 7

A ch an cano movehrgh anoter e ight may

apper o do ths b sch is nothe ; it le of acio tween te mmedaely adjacensquar, so tha can pass

tween te bishop ad rook Diagrm 7 o the squre beyond

Hence no other ma can blocka igs move in any drecionIf every mrked sqare onDiagram 1 were occupied byoter piec e ght wod beabe o move to any of thesquar mared wi a 'X.

Let us ake another postion aradom o ilsae the poweof te peces.

agram 8

In s postion(a) The whie rook could at

coice move one sqare to tele; or wo sqares or rsq or four, to the lef or onesqare dow or one sqare up; ortwo squar p or three squar

up n whic lat cse he wouldcapue he blac bsop Theare the only mov legally availabe to the rook in this pition,



Mn and hr Ms

H cann m rgh a a cause the wte pawn - a endly

piece - occup te nex squae.

he were o captre thebshop, e wold give ceck ote black g ad Back woud have to ge is king ou o checkbefoe dog anytng else.

The gt coud also captue te bisop; o i coud moveon o any o the back sqaes justabove e back kg o to the

squae s n ont o the ook oro te back sque o te ghad edge o te boad ad nea t the bottom No o any oesquae. t cold have moved o ote sqae occped by the we

pawn tha ad o en occ ped by a endly ma

(c) Te whe g can ony

move legay to oe squae, tewite squae to Noth-w.On te ig e is sopd by teedge o te boad. I he wee o

move to ethe o te sqar ow e coud be caped byte back kg so canno egaly

move tere a a The ote woblack sqaes by e smay 'coveed and rendeed habtabe o by the blackbisop

(d) Te back bisop ca moveo ay o te in squa onte wo diagoals whch ntetwhee he stads Cot up tesquares o youse, o con

hs(e) Wee can the back kng move? Not o ay o te eesquas s above m o they

e al covered by ete tewte g o te wte gt.Fve othe squa are ope to

he coud move oe uergt e, dow SW o SE I ewee o move one sagt downe wold captue te witegt

Bea mind that: (a) pecescape the oa way o ter

moves ad hat (b) men o tesame colour obsuc one anothe

Ps

Pawns ave seve pecuatis - is us ike he ie elows obe awkwrd To beg wth a

paw can move backwads t ste oly man wch cao Then

nike any piece, captu n adieent way om its odnay

move mv saght orwardb apr oe qae owaddiagonally

�

�

a

i

0 "

�

agram 9

The dagam shows te wo



18 G t Ch

o of move. Have you gothem? A pawn' noal move one quare raght fowar; f twan

to make a capture, however, it ca only o if tere an enemy pece o one of twoqure of te ame coou that whch he occupe an dagnay n ot of whchcae e jump nto he quare occupe by ha pece (or pawn)eectng te atter

If here an enemy man on hequare ecy ot of

en he cano capture t - a ecano move ono at quae eier beng blocke effectvelya t were occupe by oe ofh ow pece f hee a enemy pece on he quare n ontof but o eny pece on he

quare eher e of i, hepawn cano move a al i enext iaam

agram 10

The paw cano move orcapture

The next compcaion aroe

hough impaence Peope foui ow wag for te paw tocome o p wh each oher n

he me of e bor a hebegnng of te game, o heyinouce a rue that a pawhou abe o move twoquare fowr for h t move ee, nea of oneTh appi for any pawn to rt move ony note! Te t move you make wh any paw

ca be one quare fowar or twoqur fowar wichever youprefer afewar, at paicuarpaw may avance one quareony a a time You are never aowe o cape two quareaway ey have never tee ecapung rue o tat a pawnweher on t move o ay

oter can ony cape oequare away agonaly

A al compcaion the npaant ue whc we houc before movng any furter

The wte pawn n te nextagam No 1) coul be captue by he bac oe if t wereto move one quare fowar.

A on he quare where tcommenc he game, t couelect to ump wo quare nteaof oe, an mght hu evae thicape The wte pawn Da

gram 2 migh become a paepawn a a bou umpng to he

quae between te two backone n ituaton uch teea peca rue give Bac he ght o captue he paw a f t



Mn M 19

a avance oy one squesea o e opiona wo.

agram

agram 2

I maing e capue e playsis pawn on o te square wche wie pawn wou ave oc a av n nsqe (i eac o se wo iaams the we squre ono te wie pawn Bac mus

mae te capue at nc o eos e rg o o so i eshou mae any the move eply o Wes oube pawn

avance e wou se or ees o a game e rg oape a partcua pawn

yous w ha pawn o In Diagram eite o theblac pawns cou mae te npaant capue.

Dias 3 an 4 sow poss beoe an ae a ypican paant cape m DiagramI. Diagam 3 shows he posiin ate Wies mve n Dia

14 ae Blacs lycapg n paan!

agram 3

agram 4



Gud Css

It loo cuous to capue this way a pawn which had edto jmp past you, movng yo pawn to a empty squae andremoving one of your opponent's paws fom aoher sqae. t easiest to rememer ike ths: forone move, yo have the ght toact as if your opponent's pawn

had advanced oy one sqaeistead of two

T is caled captrig ps

s (meag in passng) atitle whch expas itself. Only a pawn has power to captue pss the pawn in he nextdiagam coud be capred by the

bishop if it were to advace onesquae; if it were to make a do-

le mp he ishop cod olyook o helplessly for he has no

power to captue pss andhe paw wod have eluded Only on a pawn's frst move

ca it e captured pss

natually snce at no oher timecan it advance two sqaes atonce. To e abe to captue pss a pawn must stad on its p rs rank

It would e neater I sppose ifodd rles like and castingwere elmated ad evey m che had only one sot of moveom egnng to end of thegame t centuies of ia haveevoved the game as we ow ittoday ad as evey iovatiowas timately tted om eview pont Do it make egame more eoyabe?' we not compla.

Dgrm 1

Ds

A we have seen a game of chec won by a checate.Peope often resign to save me

when hey see there is o hope ofavoidng ulmate checate.A game daw(a) W a paye is not ale to

make ay lega move u gis ot in check. T i caledstaemate ad exampes aegiven n iagrams 29 ad Ifthe g of a pay who is

stalemated were check hewould be checated so tat fo of daw is oen haied wha gasp of elief

If te same positio withthe same player to move occs tmes ad a coect cam is made by tat player

(c) f 50 scceive mov oneach side are made wihout acaptue or a paw move

(d) If at ay sage the two



M d r Ms

paye age o al t a awe If one payer a bmi te

oer to a en i ofhe (epetual he)

A omo peeta epoion hown Dagam 16

Digrm

Here te qeen c eiv aenls uson o e byolatig between her preentqure a te whte qae a ower ighha oer

Digrm Daam 1 e ba qeen

marly fore a aw by mov-

ig to an om te qare mare you wl tat ewie g a o oe bt to move o a om te whteqae to rgh

Ranks les an Diagonals

A ran i a ragt row ofqua aro te boar Wite St rn:

Digrm 8

Whte eon ran

Digrm 9



Gu t Css

Diaam how Whte'eigh rak (and i i of coue ate me ime, Black's rak).I i e oppoe edge o e

board' whic we efeed o on page 11 t when one ofWhe paw reache a quarei rak tat it c equeene or ohewie promoted

agam 0

A ie i a aig row oqure up the bor om one player o h opponent (ee Diagram

•

agam

A agonal i a taigh row oquare ack or al wetouchng a e coe oly ahow Dagam 22. Thee

tem rak fie a dagonal ae very ueul cuion

agam

F 'O O

You hou be quie famliar wtthe mov of te piec by now,bu jut n cae you are not uggt you re-red h chapercaely beore movng on o tere of he book

Don' forget e geat am o game t to capue your op ponen men bu o mae hikng Ge ta man!

Al th my have oundeomewh ewieg u whenyou have once graped irchapter, you have ped all he

real eenial From now on you begin o enoy youelf



2 Sang and Finshng he Game

To sta a gme, te men e placed like s:

agram 2

The pieces (ie. al te m butte pawns) ae placed i a denite order alog each player's back rank; e pawns occpy e

two rows or ks ont oftem whch cdenaly, we calthe second aks'. Among e

piec te oos occupy e otermt posito he comgwad fom eihe ig o et

we ave in gts bisops g nd queen The gs aceeach other acros e boad eqns likewse the black qengo on a black sqae te wheqn o a we sqare.

Even owadays a chs set a raged ready o pay is a aacve sight It mst ave looked

even more srrg a osadyea ago, whe e wo ts wereoen elaboaely cved. A g ws a mc more importat pesonage te od days - i hesoud appen to be badempered t migt afect to o his sbjects a s pobaby wy te cstom aose o

mag is ae decde te colic cess The qen' sed to be Grad Vze or meMiniser beoe she somewha uaccoutably ed to a wo; which explains er powerTe game passed trogh n merabe chg in e irt fewcetries of ts exstence nd

whist te qeen's move re mained much te sme te pece movig it chaged se In tesame way he oo were notcasles at all ogially, bt

owdhs on eep wic Peria ad India whee chess was bo were esOme adncts o warae In Rssia te bsops were ships for a wile which is ghy ogica you reect how a bhop ormally gets p the boad



Gu t Css

by 'tacng like a shp advancgagaint the wd. Ad on.There is a story every chem It i said hat the game wasnvented s a substitte for wr,providng a contest with al hethris o warre and mny of heides nd sratagem but none ofthe bloodshed nd misery

Casling

he early hstory of chesspeope often fond it rs toeve the gs on ther orgnalsqres so kept shufg haway to the rght or le s soons neighborng pieces had en

moved Ao they fond hat the roo to be propery uis had

equently to be brought to the midde of the back row whe theng and queen orginally stoodso that in game aer game eachplayer wold waste perhaps six orseven moves echangng hepositio of hs ng nd a rkTo peed up the game a special move ws inoduced by whch

he terchnge cold be considerably speeded up You remem

ber hey sed to ca rookscstes? They ca this pecial

move 'casting to this dy t brngs a rook nto play nd takaway he ng into saey

he ng c caste eih to right or to e colaboratg wthwhchever rook i on he side he mov to and is how it idone:

The ng moves two sqarestowards the chosen rk d the

rk is hen paced on the sqreov which he has pssed

The ng rher om one rook than the oher; does notafct the above re which covers both cs but it do affecthe inal position reched hedams show the stte of afairsaer castlg each case

(a) With the nerer rook

iagam 4Before cstg gside

iagam 2Aft castng ngside



ng and Finshng he Gme

Wt e re stat rk

iagm 26Befr castlg eese

agm 2

After castg qse

Casing is llegala f eth the g r the

rk as prevusly v evenf they ave suequenly ve back ter riginal sqares

If the g is in chck yuca never tise castg t ve f chk

c If te square the g passver r he square it iss n

ner aack fr a eneym; r

If any square bewen theg an te rk s ccupie

Once y ve yu king yucann castle fr te res f tgae if y ve ne f yurks en yu c csew at rk ugh yu aywh yu er Ne tat yc casle save a 'rk atack tere s nthing ilega

asng wen eier e rgalsquare f the rk r a square ips ver but whch the g n s uer stle freNe as ta hwever ayt a king has been ceck fhe has never moved a tececk e s sil e righ tcastle

Me Posos

Nw yu w w se up thepees fr te gae hw teyve an capte an wat yuus sve fr I nee y p a few typca ag psins

t save y te anyacef sg severa pc t teg ye beg uable effec aae wth th an yu wll reay fr yr frs game

te pts wch flwthe kig ate is the black ne

A queen aie by her kigane ca eiver ate Maeve the avese ng he en fe bar a then play the queen te sare in f sup-



6 Guide Chess

poed by you own kg as Diagram 8 wch sould caely examined to vify a

he black ng i atacked whehe stads and as no way ofevading the attack.

agram 2

The quee mus be suppored!Take he whie ng away omhis lte pat of he board, adBlack has one eaven-sen re souce: he cao move to anyuoccped square by because hese ae all covered by hewhite een bu he can capure

he queen herse

Wch O or teme

Wen yng o mae yo opponet wi g and quee guardcaelly against he dage of staemating h as n Dagrams

9 and . If is Black's to move hee he game is daw by stalate Shod Black ave a pawn somewhee else on the

boad whch is fee to moveee wod of couse be no saemae

iagram 2

iagram 30

As epained n Capter staemate is a draw

More ndrd Mes

Anothe typical mae by hequeen is sow n he ext diagam



aring and Fnhng h Gam

iagram

Hee e wte g coves etree squa in ont of e bcng, wlst e qeen covers etree squr plel to em ine e is on A roo would see fo is mte jus s wel as

e qn since e qun s powe ong dgons (wic rell roo lc in con oe) s ot being used fct is e no mting positon ly eced we mte s obe delivered y oo lone

Aoe common mte by roo s sown elow Blc previously csled d pyedwy o is oo om ec , so e s elplgins is sarp s in e sideHs own pwns preven s escpng o any sque o is sond It is occsionly use to

move one of tese pwns n

ely sge o povide escpeole and preven so of decle; on te ote d to bree ine of yo pws in tis wy

as drwbc s we sl te

agram

Hee s mte wc demo srt e powes of e bsopd e ig cse eyre gin ded y lc me

robing e g of two of s possbe cpe sqes:

iagram

And ere s note fycomon cominative mte: Te roo pevens e g m moving o e le or to e wite



8 Gui Chess

sque on he ight, and atacks where he stas; the bshopprevets he g om movg tohe black squae in fon of or (impotat!) captug herook.

agam 34

Oe bshop alone (assed byhe ubiqous g cno de-lver mae Two bshops ca buoly by drvg he advese gnto a co o the boad hus:

agam 35

e Queens o RooksBaie

al he mate positons given upo ow you may oeve t heng maed hs en drven to heedge of he bod It s aturayeaser to adister he ishigtouch when ecape in oe ormore dections is preveted bythe edge o he board. Do not take

this meang hat he g issaer a genera ue in hecene of he boad he woud of be at the mcy of hostiepes here

svig fo a mae isworth oing ha a ook o aqueen ca set up a baie to hepassage of a hostie kig whch

sretche gh across a openbod. Hee he qun commasevey squae on te le (e verica ow of square t stads on

agam 3

Consequenly he bac kgcoud o move to any o he



aing and Finhing he Game 9

squaes on is lef and s, idedcomed to sx squares alog erigh-had edge of he boad aslog as he qun remais whereshe is. Tese are he square he ison and e ive immedately ow Repace e qeen by aok ad he g wod stl beconed o at fle bt e codnow move oe sqare pwads swel

Incdetay n a pion sc

as Dagram 36, don chec wityour qee by movig i to heedge o e boad; would ete blac ng o of hs prsoito he ope board Move pyou whte kig as shown by heX Bac cao e escapeng mated ex move as inDagram 8 Iorance o thslte prciple may wase yomuch tme at the ed of a wongame

A bisop cao set p a bar e :

iagam 37

Here he bac ng ca cross

he bshop's diagoa onto hewhie sqare o his No-wt bishops co-orig ca

om a ba, s n Dagm35 no bac g could cross heboad om Soh-wt to orheas aumg e bshops avodbeng capted Try it!

You shod soo lea ow odever mate befo excangngdown to sc smpe endngs ashe Two or tee pec wor

ig togehe can mae an eemykng comfoabe pecay some of e escapesqas n hsmmedate vicnity ae bocedby hs own me as hey wl befor he ma or pa of every game

Bef Mtng

Combnton

Diagm 38 sws a beatifultough wel own mate whchisaes hs blaty Sttfrom ths pion Bac havngobviousy cased wh he rooorignay he cer to hs g

e whe qeen moves onesquae oward chec Shecaot be capred now btBlac has wo ways o evadngthe chec He can pu he roo wee e qu ad is g,b then e qeen cod caprei gvng chec agan, ad shecould not be captued by he

bac kng case ha wod bemovg nto chec om he witeigh his coao s bad, Blac wi coe he oher



30 Gu o Ch

aeate and moe hi kng ohe coe.

agam 38

Now Whte moe hi ighono the ae n on o heblack ook n dong he heatens o capte he back kng wh

Check agan:

iagam 39

Back can awe hi check by(a) capng the ght wh theook o bngig h gback agan on to he whte suaeto hi le a we hae n n

tepng o coue a checkom a ght ee eable hee ateatie the s dtsteul a st gace foWhite by ecaptng he ookwih h een wold haeganed a ook fo a igh agood bagan o a bad oneo Black (Acally Whe hatonge ep i) So Blackmoe he g back on o hewhte ae b now come a

caaopheWhte mo h igh o heuae n fot of the whte ng dong o he dele a dobecheck wo check at once!(Dagm 40

iagam 4

Fo both hi g ad hght ae theaenng to capuehe black g next moe echeck om he ee o a typeown a the dicoeed checkn gg the ee d notmoe heelf bt ha he lne oe opeed o cleaed a a eltof a moe by a edly pece



ang and Finishing he Game

whch previously obsucted Nowadays we sould nomallycall is a 'covered ceck

had o the te dscoveedceck en adopted cetago, ad perssted.

Bey a dscovered check isthe type gven whenever the pecegiving the check is n the pecemoved

Doble Check

dscovered check s worse aa odary one a ule becasee pece wc cears iself ouof the way to gve the ceck cando a sorts of damage It mgmake a capte bu can be immne om mmediae recaptrebecae he ceck fom e otherpece wose atack ncoveedas o atended to st

doble check s a ceck fomtwo peces a oce. It s a dscovered ceck were the pecewic moves as wel as e pecebehd gves check Ts can

partculary oble Two of theusa esorces fo meeting aceck ae led out at oce: yoobvously caot capture twopeces at e same me no yo nepe a pece so as toscren you kng om two covergng ne of attac So ee only oe resouce e - flghtThe ny anse a dubecheck s a mve f he aackedking

So ee the haplss black king

mst go back to is coer If hewere o move o o he oyother sqa obsuced by s

ow pec the wte square non of s rk, e would stillbe check om bo the qeeand te ght.

ow Whte pays s eenoto e sare te king jstvacaed Check aga and tsime a ceck o whch there isony one reply Tee o oom

for terposion e king canotcapte te quee o te squaeo wic se sads s st commaded by the igt; nor can hemove anywhere ese So te rookmust captre te queen

ow com he cmax heg moves so as to gve mate

depiced Daam

agam 4

Te black king n checkom e ight wch cano captred ad al e tee squato wc he mig move aeblocked by s own peces hss aply emed a smotheed



3 E Gude to Chess

mate te g eg smteredy hs men hch lck esca

yu sudy is ittle le fpay carefuly yu il set esea n yr edge emves e pieces y lave made acquaintance t tspecial ds f ceck ad taed a glimpse the eauty fce terhy is the maner ic jus ee te ed

We deleratey gves p s

quee fr ning ecause e a e can ce mate andtus in e game

ave a game t smedy! Preferaly anther leaerIt t e grea cess t yulleny it O e ther and f yupreer ead n yl ind ext capter very insctive atis stage deas an interestng pc he reative vaesf e vaius peces and the

pas



3 Values of the Men

Diagra 4

Ts diagam shows a rdculousbut no impossible positn,whch eaches n mporn les-son. Wite as lost al but two ofe en wh whch e sarted;

Back has not os one. Ye ege s over and Whie as wonecase the lac g s maed!

We loo o a queen as aoe poweful tha a oo and a f me we apawn ad are jus n dog son the vast majoy of nsnces

u ere Blac as a qeen twoooks wo bisops wo gtsand seven pans more soppoent ye has los the gamee one white paw s supeo o

al of e. Wy? Beause t sspreely well placed wheeasall Back's me very adypaced Noig could show moevividly tha any stmate o elative sengts o he pis sttae the acor o positon noaccount. Rarey ndeed is e dispaiy s ea as ere, thougho a player givs wo or heepieces o give ae wh e e

mande of hs fore. cse yousd regad e abve postionas too aasic owever ere se actua concuson to a gaebetw wo leadg Polish play-ers soe ime ago:

Diagra 43

How any exa pecs dos



34 Ea Guide to Chess

White have? Fo! Ye he haslos because s g is maed

Altough such violenly paradoxical positions ae rare, t s

sae to say that he elative valueso te peces ae lueced byther suaions at evey sage oevey game. Here we may fmd aight so well posed tat i is asseul as a qeen; tee we mayfd a qu so bady placed thati s weaker ha a bishop easly udertadable case is hato a pawn wch ca e pomoted o a qeen i it eaches hethemost ra Wh eveysuare i advances its chaces obecomg a qun cease andas these chances increase dsits value to ts possesor houghto an extent sometimes dcu

to gage I s wo sqaes romthe ueeg' sqae ad completely hed p y enemy piecesit may stll be woth ittle moethan when t stated on its journey has oy one sqare ogo d ca hardy be deredom advacg i may be - oral pracical puose wor a

qe areadyt is tus qe misleadg o

caculate as i every piece retaned he same ateg valueom the irst move to the astad o assme tha he euaion' am gog o give you are as reliable as wce ve are t. Eachrepeens a ough aveage osometg wch is conatyvarying

You wil md he olowg it-

te table vey seul i you neverorge his nd ake the values asapproximae and vrable averages oy:

Tag the value oa pawn as 1 unia bshop or ght s woth 3

nsa rook s woth 412 utsa ueen is woth 9 nitso elaoaeA oo is wot a shopad

ahl or a ghndahal; ora pawandahal more ete a ight o a bishop

The Bshop

A ist glce, tee seems litleto choose twn a oo nd a

sop The ome can move nydstce along te rank o te ileo whose nctio snds; telate can move ny disncealong either o the two diagonalso whose ucon it stands. Wehave aleady pointed out, howev tat a ook can set up abae acoss he board the

same way as te queen Diagram 36 wheas a bishop canno. s o cos

Ftmore, owing o the peculia geometry o the chessboard, a ook commds morequaes as a le th a bishopPlace a rk and a shop, ton oe o he cetra squares ote oard. Yo wil nd ha herook could move, a choice ony o otn dieent sqae,



Values o/the Men 35

wheea he bhp cld ly g hee

Diagram 44

Dagram 4

Repea he c m meqae eae he edge f hebad d yu wll d he d ee ee Pace he pece ce qae ad ywll d ha he bhp cunha ge dw ee wheea

he k ema a fee

Diagram 46

Diagram 47

Oby he umbe fqua c kp de eyea ay me a gd meae fhe ae a pece; we ha abhp fe a h

We hae e meed hebhp chef weae whch ha wg he aue f me daga ced

quae e cl fm begg ed f a game Sag a whe qae d mgdagally ca e ge



36 Guide o Chess

black squae, howeve much ttwsts and t. ong as apaye etas both hs bishops, weaess s not too keenlyfelt; but as sn as one o them sexcnged off, t may become soSuppose yo whte-squae bishop has been exchanged of yoopponent need oly move hismen onto whte squaes to makeyour emang bshop almostuseess

Bishops o OpposieColo

Tis weaess of a bshop onsques o oppote coo totose on whch it move has oneater skng cosequence If a

game daws to conclusion wthevey pece exchanged off but abshop on each sde and thosetwo bshops move on dfeentycooed squaes the game samost nvaaby dawn Even ione paye ha a paw o eventwo paw moe an hs opponent he may be uabe to wn

Nethe paye can acheve anythng One is al-poweful on thewhte sues but weak on theback the othe vice-versa. Hencethe t wl aways d t ighydangeous pehaps impossblewtout oss, to advance any ofhs men onto a back sue sothat they al become stuck onwhte and is opponent wllsmy stuck on back Listenng to te convesation of keen

payes you wl oen hear themfe to bishops of opposie oour; tey ae efeg to thsphenomon o advese bishopsotng on opposite colouedsquares poducng a dw

Te diagm whc olowspovdes a itte pactca demonsaton of Back has vemoe paws thn Whte but uless Whte budes fooshycnnot possby wn Ty t out

take one sde and get a fiend totake e othe Vfy tht aslong as Wite keeps hs ng umoved and hs bshop on the ongdiagona t at pesent occupies,ack canot move a pawn wthout havg t mmedatey captued He canot move is gso can ony sue bshop

about heplesly and aly aeto cal te game a daw

Dagram 4

Ohe nstances of t bshop'weaess on squaes o t othecoo ae gv late

So much o he bishop



Vaues fhe Men 37

The Kigh

gh is ineo o a rookmainy in e sos of isstde; s we ave sn, i dsat least tee mov to cs aboad wereas a ook do i oe. e mddle of a opeboard a g commds eigsquas (eg hose marked whstars in Dagr I) Move to

the side of he board as thenex dagam, and he commnsfou move m o he coer as Diag 50, and he commadsoy two These fg compabadly wi te bsop's andwos wt e rooks proud totalof foutn qr om aywhee o e oad gh sf

e om he campg aco ofe edges o the bord n a waya o o al popoton, soha more th ay ohe pecee should be kept nea to ecene

Dagram 4

Dagram 50

ig has two eements ofsengh. Its ine of aciono boced by ay othe manethe fiendy o hostie(Dagam 7), that as we aves a chk om a gt c

no be aswered by eposionFo the me reason a gcn very se wh a postion is bocked as sown inDiagrm 5 1 .

Dagram 1



38 Ea Gude o Chess

I is the siuaion of the pawnswhich deermnes wheher or nota posito is 'blocked ; sice

pawns can oy move saightforward excep whe captrng,hey jm each others prog-rs ad become so mobile thahey reduce the mobiliy o thepeces oo. I Diagrm 5 howare the we pieces o ge at theback, or the bck o ge at thewe? I sch a posion as his,

ights aceve more oherpieces, becase hey ca ilaeamong he paws where the ohers cnot

O he other had when mosto the paws have been exchaged of or whe they arescatered abo so eey as to notaect the mobiliy o the piecesthe ghts o lte se de tothe shoe o her sde Theymay be lae arivg o the sceea a cica momen a reslt

A we have see a ighmoves from a white sqare to ablack or ve vesa ever om awhte sare to a whie A a re

sult of ths he can ever save orose a move: if he could get to apicuar sqare i oe move hecod ge o i n ree moves orive or any umber ofmov bu ever i an evenmber sch wo or or omater how mch he doblabou This can occasionaly be ansace. Look a he ex dagram

Here Whie only awaits achnce o move s kg ou of

the coer nd ee his paw,when he wod easy wn A themomen he ca not or the back

kig gardg is oy twosares of ext Sppose it weBacks to move howeverhe cod o move on o he blacksqa beow hm becase hecod here be capred by theigh so mst move away omhe whte kig aowg he aero movehe wshes

Dagam 5

Now suppose o he oherhad tha i we Whes o

move Al he wats is o creaethe same siion bt wihBacks o move or ha aswe have seen is dsasos orBac Ca he do ths? ever!Smpy becase he gh cnotmove o save or lose a move,he back ng ca saey oscilatebeween he we suare he is oad he back suare low keepng the whe kg impsoed ad ohing the ght cado w preven The gh



aue /he Men 3

could roam away over he boardbt would always come back atjus the wrong momet.

The 'Exchage

Ths we have see t boh hegh d he bishop ve weak-s wc make hem, as arue, worh less han a rook Ifyou wn a ook exchage for a

bsop or gh, you said to'w the exchange ad yo em-erge om te rasacton teexcage up. Our word is lessogical th mos Conetalangages, whc te the opeton g the quaty.

Sce the bsop nd gh feor to te rook, they ae ofte

refeed to as minor piec, heook ad qee beng 'major orheavy piec

Dagam

Occasoally a seres of checksfrom your oppones gt becomes tag Here s a ip

whic wll eabe you o escapethe beasts unwelcome aetionHe as a bid spo wo squaesaway fom him diagoally, whchhe caot atack fewer ththee moves. Move you kg to spot X on he dagm) andhe ight wil no oube o fora we

Bishop and Kigh aepacically eqa i Vae

Possby he bshops supeormobly vey slghly more hncompsat for his ieffectiveness on sqr ot of colou;but heres little n it. Muc depeds o weher te bishop retas patner workg to

geher your bishops ae sog,for whatever it oe canotattack, the oher can. It s whenoe of them is exchaged off tathe ohers weas becomesmf. For ths reso it s adefie advage to have twobisho agast your opponesbishop ad gt, oter thngs

beng equa (at e sme tme,by too slght advantageto produce a w ou of n oh-erwise absotey leve posito.To have two bishops aganst twoghts s even beter, probablysfficient for a wi i he orty of postos he bshops caise er sperior mobiity,wls eac comds hesqar te oter caot



40 Ea Gud t Ch

he o Bsops

A tis explans noher commonreference in te convesation anditeatue of chess enhusass. Tosay ha one payer as te advanta th tw bhp or simpytat e has th tw bshps mpes that he etaned bohbishops wit which he sarted hegame, bu has maaged o ex

chnge o one or oth of his opponensWen we come o endings

where one playe has os eveyman ut his king and the othhas ony te kng ad a couple ominor pece efw n bhopsupero to ghs Kg d twobishops can mae a king failyeasiy Diagram 5 for thea positon) ; kng bishop andgh ca foce a mae but olywith difculy he fna posoneg as how in the next dagam:

Daram 4Kg nd wo ghs canot

gve mae a al ues te defender comis cess sucde

I s are hat a te paws exchanged of whilst ay pecerema muc more commoly,he whoe gt te concudgsages of a toug game evolvesround te effo of the espectveplays o pomote one o moeo her ew at pawns wih thead o he one o two pie remaining ucaptued on each sde

h ype of ending a sop ssuo to a gh te pawsare scatered aout he board sotat thgs are abe to happen inseveal dieen par of heboad Tus the postion in Dagrm 55 whc occued n a

gme between wo fary evenymached mastes (Stolz andKada, tough t looks even,was won by Black without greatdifficuty mag use o sisop's longe strde

Daram 55

On the ote had if te opposing groups of paws ae in



aus fth Mn 4

one compact mass, there s litletwn gh and bshop adthe foner may even supeor.

In an arag pstn a rks wrth mr than a knght and apawn but ss than a knght andtw paws Substtut 'bhp f 'knght ad y an say sam

A bishop ad gh are equalo a rook and wo pawns; tey areceranly beter a rook ad

oe paw Wth ths typs fbaan f matra t s w tnt that th au f th rkand pawn(s tn t nras att a th gam gs n. A wehave seen wo bishops aresigtly speior to and twogs say sgy erorto a bsop ad a ght

Ope les

A rook is at s s wen stationed o a opn le an 'openle being one on whch stands nopaw o own coo and nowel-proected enemy pawn eer of wch wod camp hisefec O te square e occupesat the commecemet of thegame he is obviosy adyampered by he paw n on o

Naraly he rook is 'saeston e rst rank o an open fe

ie te rank rom wch al hepeces star. He shold be heldtere a re utl e gothrough to te snth rank,

wch is te mt powerul hecan occpy snce t te oe fromwch he eemy pawn sa ot

ad o wch here wl earyalways reman a ew for him toaack:

Dagram 56

I eter of the pawn whicthe rook s here thrateg ocaptre moves forwad o escapethe atack i merely expes anoher pawn now shetering edi Aoher reaSO wy he rook swel tatioed on te seventh rankis tat it oen traps te advsekng on the ak beyod, thudenying acce o veeghhsof he board ju he blackkng Diagram 6 is sht oom he of al bt a ewsquar a rsu o e postiono Wtes queen

Two rooks side by side o heseveth rank (doubed here)

ca exert a murderos effectNatally spa crcmstans a rook may be alwerul on te t sixh or ay



42 Gud o Chss

oer but the power cangenerate on the seventh as o beexperenced o be beieved.

Whether a file s 'open or no

depend eniey on the preenceor aence opn on it doesno mater how ny pic thereae on ha e; s s cosidered open if cea of pawns.T s because pece are soch more obe hn pawnsand coequeny ess key orean on he e for any enghof tme Pec stay put so sedom, n fact ha a qeen or ngon e sme fe as a hose rooki n soe danger even toughere may be wo or even threepeces beongng o one sde orte other on nterveig sqaes. i ofen advsabe o antcpate

the danger o a g or qen sopaced by movig of he e

Digrm 5

Unabe o a se o any

open ie a rook can becomesomewha hepe For ceWhte canno poby wn ro

Daam 5If here ony one open e t

ay pay you o doube yourooks on e. pace one hnd

he other. The en reorceeach others acon :� eneypece sayg on e e can becapured by he st ook whchif recapred, can en beavenged by hs ate coigaong o behind.

ee oughly oho Rook o hree MiorPece

The queen s a er strogest nte dde of he game hemddegame aer he suations been paray smpfed by

te excange o two or heepaws nd two or hree peces oneach sde Se can do ite n heeay stages se too vauabe o be risked o i the hrybury whe a mior pece orpaw may snap her up. Towardste vey end of a ong and doryfought game wen ony perhaps

ve or six men rema on eboard she ay begn o ose hergrp agan She en may be serosy roubed by say a rook or abshop wh a er power sheremans ony one piece ad caoy be n one pace a a tme. one of er pawns can be suaneousy atcked by the two hos

te pieces as n Dagra 5 shemay be unabe o save t as eycan captue twce ad se can



au M 43

oly capure onc.

Dagram 58

The mos impotat facor inthis d o endg is he siatonof e g opposd o her If i isexposd, hen she Ca acque toal intens he ability o be i

seveal places a oce by jud-cioy chcng Te oppos-g payer has to atend o achec ualy by movng ng ad he positio may re-main eenaly ncagedwhist he quee moves o inanote decon havg vr-ay seed te oppotty o

make two moves instead o oneI te advere ng is safeytucked away in a coe so hatshe cano esy chck shemay be elativey efectve andhe oly caces of even maga gh may lie i sacfcing woor mo paw so as o break uphe defences round and expe o e atentos

If every ote ma excep hegs s been excanged of a

queen ao noaly agast a k and a bishop o aook ad a igt o even wobishops; whis agaist a sgeook o aga two gh semay have qute a dcult taske addo of a sgle paw on d o d o type becase adds a totaynew aim (is promoio) to go foad compicatio o the s-ues dimnises to a maked ex-

et e probablity hat he gamewil b dawnTwo oos combg wel to-

geh in an edgame ae ualya lile too good o a queen

A we have said about edawbac o he qe's powe o be tak wt a gra osalt Throughou al eveaies

as a emendosly pow-el pece wch sould be cae-y guaded agais incidenadags but at the Same imeemployed to e lt possibeexet He eect on he game sso grea t he whoe naure ofe combat alters when tequees e exchaged o e

mddegame is said to end adhe edgame to begin

I e oher pieces ae ex-changed o befoe the qushe characte of the game chagesmuch e abply as hey go etasition o he endgame' gmore gadua and hazy but it cabe sad to come abou wh thelst piece but one accompanyingeier que dppears



44 E Gu o Chss

he King In he Endgame

Menion of he trasito om

middlegme o endgame brngs o cosderaion of he gfor s precisely whe the endgame gis hat he ceass to bea hep pager ad becoma use member of he comuity the begig he s a labilty Dager o is dangero the whole case so ha t isfoly o parade him i he opewhen seven hosile piec prowig about he boad eagerfor blood Rsk ou i heop and he may maed i twoor hree caastrophc moves Imy eve py you oppoen osacrce a queen or more o daw

your ng ito he ope A ae he s bes tucked away nsafety by 'castlng e saferway ie tms out of te is wihhe earer rook Tis i the manfor hree reasos:

(a) Castig this side can normaly come eaier sice hereare oy two iteenng peces o

cleaed away sd of b) After caslng he ngproecs al he paws n on of whereas casig wih heoher rook the paw on he edgeof he board is left unpotectedand mgh allow a ery to hosle peces; ad

c) casig wth te frh

rook he mov ov to he sameside of he boad as he hostieueen

T back o pag 24-25(iagrams 2427) where positios before and afer castlng aregve ad ver hese stae

mentsA soo as the edgame is

reached the ng emerg omretremen and gs to pay aposve pa i the stgle is he real defo of the endgame he pa of the game iwch the g ca play a effecve par It is one of he halmks of a good payer o be abeto recogse amos siciveywhe the edgme as ereached may gam therecomes a stage at which the olycoect pa s o brng e gou d advace n tecetre as possibe whe o over

look fac for as much as onemove ad sat his advace oesgle move t ae may jeopardse you chacs

You he g may be apodder movig oe step at atme from gining o ed swo-sue jmp whe castig isoly a scuy for safey) but he

hs ts He can movealong any of the eigh differedecions of he simple compng he oy pece sde theueen which ca do so hismeans tha by choosig he approprae mehod of approach heca go rght up to a rook or abshop or a g or a paw and

capre if alowed even themghty ook is vnerable aog adiagoal He ca move back



Vus o/th Mn 45

wads, and tack about whichmas e suior of apawn. He ca wader al ound

the od and make a eal nuisance of himself It only equsthat there should ot be enoughhotile pieces et to crate reage o mae o

On a srcty statistcal cout ofte numer o sques 'under eye such as we employed incompaing ooks wih bisho

ad ight he comes out assonger than a ght for a esthe conos eight squaes, hesame as a ight and a wos heever coos ewer a heeT is an exaggeraton of his reasegth eve in an edgamebecause o his sestivity o at

tacSo a I have giv you a otof facts bu very ite advice Ifyou only rd betwen the es,howeve you w nd chaper fu o advce There is aleon in amost evy rema

For sce I menoned th ook is woth roughy a shop

and-a-ha other words f youpeceve a chance o capturingoe of you oppoens roo foroe o you bishops, seze it! Ishowed tha two bishops eworth rather moe han wice asmuch as one hop In otherwods, you mst try to presveyou two ho o i oe has toe exchang of hat youexchange it off for one o youopponets bishops or obainome compesaton othwise. I

showed that a pawn gas value s it advances towadspromoto - hece if you

tha one o you pawns has agood chance of getting rghthough to the queg squaepush fowad s had as youc I sowe a smore seu a shop ablocked positon Conequy,f you fe ha the posion s becoming bocked ty to keep you

ight o the oard re you shs and by e sametoken yor opponen has otad he advanage of the twobishops do a you ca to keephe posio lockd so that themoily litle scope. I, theclosg stages, you opponents

oy aining piece s a bishopnd yos s a ight o exchage o al the paws excepthose in one pat of the boad Iyou ae matealy r andighg agast the pobaity odeea, y to exchage off te lastfew pwn leaving pieces ony.Whenevr a exchange of pieces

occ, ask yosef i time ong my g out yet? And soon and so on.

Proecon

I have moe ta once ghlyouched o he pincple ofpotection of one man by another Gurding i just te samehig so s 'defeding teaow sen of he word o



46 Gui to Ch

atack' a man means t smphreaten ake t ee ae sma m n the bard (he ccup haf the squaes t sawih) tha i is s r t avida attacks frm htie pes mving r aacked me awaMre - t wuld be a she mpssi

he sse and unvesacuse s aage u me stha an iabe be caped ae

insued agas dsase thefact ha he hsie ma caping cud imediael e tseecapted ha is sa upr' them Fr insance theext dagram shws a rk aigh and a p each preced b a pawn

I

•

•

o

Digrm 59

An hse piece capugs cud be immediatel ecapte b the pawn I wud tpa ppnen t capteur ght wih an piece greater value han a ight becase recapng u wud

ge the bee f he baga Ifur piece is captured e fequa value sil n harm ma bede a back gh ad a wheigh dsapa gether fmthe ad ad he ttu quo spacica changed Yurpawn will have bee mved frward a rank diagal hat is a

An ma exct the ng mabe pec this wa thecnt-rea capre ad an

man whaev ca suppl thepreci ne ad he Samegame u ma see ngs prtecting pas rks pecingrks quees prtecing ghsghs pecg pawns ishpsprectg r c ec It israe ha a quee s prteced infac n whe she is atacked

he em quee fr a herhstile pe wuld glad akeher and sfer recape Whenatacked she mus usa fleePawns n he h had have te cninusl ped r kepwhere the danger f he eingatacked is smal Mrever t sael gd alcate a piece

he menia task deendg apaw s ha u shud nrmal pan he psining f uwhe d paws nescheme as man h muual prected r safe m atack pssbe

e nrmal ine f pawns ptecing each h s cusediagna An exeme case s haf he lack pas Diaam48, where ever back pawn p-



Vus o/th Mn 47

ects the one in fron of nd tony one u o the s t wh pe coud conmp

cptring n no circusnces is th hndmos of YOu ng cnno be cpted

l under the res so i spone prepre o recpte pece th cpues He scsomry proeced n differen wy by screenng hm from

hos con by wo or three

pwns nd pec As w sw nDms 9-41 we ms no lehe men who r hs sheerng nerfere unduy wih wn mobly or he resu my bedissos

A piec onc cked nd onceprod my e cked by

sond eny piec I ms th b either mved r provded wtn ddion proecr othrwser rpte of cptuer bythe defndng pece here wlcome cpe by the secondcker nd w mn wil hven los n exchnge or oneAnh nd nothr cker nd

nher nd nther dfender my brough o br n nsqure nder dspue nd y qu msscre k plce herene pyr cpu on hsqure th he oth rpthe cps wth ye noherpece his opn cp wih

scond of hs pis nd so onI! s simpl when cclngwhether or no certn squre ssfe or occpon no o try omgn l hese cps kng

pce bu o cun how mnyiendly men nd how ny hosie men ber on h squre

f there re hree m cng gh b only w deending i coud be cpued n h cerny h wh he cpues ndecpus re l ve some mno he rgn cpuers sde wi

remn in possesson nd theowner of he gh wl hve os mn n he ssh Digrm

6 shows such cse - preycomplced one where he wiegh is fo mes defended bve mes ttcked f i isWhies move he mseitr give i ddionl proectin or move i wy If isBlcks , by cpurng he

cn ss of wnnng pece

Dgm 0

Wh rkoning o n opossible cpus lke we

mus never om o k no ccon the qui of the vros

m invoved he gh or the



4 Gu o Ce

ishop n Dgm 59 mgh tcke hee enem pies ime u if hese ee enem

pieces e he qn n the twoooks t wou not p Blck to mke the cpe owg o hegee vle Coseqenthee wol e no n o povethe gh wth e potection

he gres are olyodaos

The lte te we gve on pge4 povies he fontos on clclton on these esWhenev conplg posle echnge o pecs othethn n elemen ghtoght o qeenoqueen o

c mentll efe ck to hs

le Sppose Bk h twoooks eing on o he gh Digm 59. B cping with

one ook hen cp withhe othe he pwn which ecpt the st ook Blck wouotin ght n pwn exchnge o ook Is i wothit? No ecse ook is woth

moe hn ight n pwso th Blck wol ose thetnscton

ote ht I on s fotios! t m que oten pou to give p ook o ightn pw o stnce the ook plce n oth theight n the pwn wel-plce)v ovrlook pool conron o he te on pge4 wll hmp o mch s

help



4 rst Chess Games

och ad Move

It we o culivae, i the vbegnig of yo che cae, aclea-ct ye o play. Do no getito he hat of hoverig overhe pie wih yo had whcoideig what move o makeor til woe pcg p a pieceplacng o a quae ad hoong roud al dron toee afe there eore ettingt go. a mehod ha a gof tity in your t ew gameor il you ecome familiawh the mov o he vaoume, yo wi oten iadvtelypt you where they ca be caped, o that your t cae mt

be o avod mitake ike th; nac, you have o bd up a erve of itnctive cao. Byou houd ran yorf to'magie your man movd ontothe e y ed. Me your mid wheher it i ae thereor no ad whether ha i thebet move yo can make or not,

beoe yo touch t a all allch he mot caua d theouch ad move e iitedo: f yo toch oe of yo ow

men yo m move i youtoch oe o your oppoemen yo m ake it f legay

pble yo ouch more hanoe of you ow m your opponen ca dide whch one yomt move. Aove all, i you dyo have dered, ate maga move, it i mo poig toake back hat move ad makeaothe ntead To aow yoef the xy of geg thepi agey whe payigome ntmate d i o ow thed o may an unexped lso thncatie whe, aer oyou met a ag i a eriogame You may deeop a rooedhbit which condemn you owek of aoyance and maye

npeant ometm hppe hat youcome up aga omebody whodo ot tick to 'ouch admove repatdy achbk ee j y e o take advaage of ome nder What e yo o do? Here my tdied advce. the game

a cua one ay nohng cotiue to adhere rgidy to here yoel Yo oppoe oy hadcappng hme y



Gui Chss

self-indulgence and before veyong you wll d the sictertang you ae gvg yoebeging o pay ts dvdends inhe fo of wo game. If, on heothe had t is a matc or tounament game or any contet of aseros naue you shod puckup yor courage ad inis gtlybu quie nly o observace ohe rle A al, if you oppoent were o move a bishop ike a

ght you would eel pefeclyjustfed n poesting ey sayNapoleon a kee chess-payeused o esot o his sily ckwen geng e wost of t!)Wy hen fee difide appying nothe ule whch amongthe laws o ches is gven jt asimporan a place as a egulat

ing he moves o the vaouspecs? I you ae gong to payc then pay accordng to teres al o whch ae equalybndg.

do no mean at youmus si hroughou wth yourha yor pockes in motaleo es you accidenaly

a pece or pawn w your mgeror cuf. Not even h mtdeadlykn chmaser woudy o penalise you for a meremsap. Aga a caelely-execued move o a jar o he ablemigh leave a ma placed on teedge of a squae intead of emddle.

it to rema thee fo

he rest of he game disubnghe calculaions o both contetans because eac fears o adjus

le he caled upon o moveor take Obviously this wodbe absurd Under suc circumstaces as the mumredpassword ub (pononced'jadoob and meang 'I adjus)gives you e ght to co hepositons o as may men as youpease Say clearly ad youcan make any adjusment.

Tough you wll win and oemany gam in your eay ch

expeence hough you o youoppoent leaving odd men o becapr o oting you shouldnever assume at che cosiso ltle more tha a 'picng upo consideed rles EdgaAa Poe made this mtake ing che le subte hadaug Ve soon you shod

sa to evolve pans and e fsme one of te owever cdesuccees you will a a impof e rapuos attacto a egame sore o you.

The meCotrol

Oce upon a me any payercould ake a ong a he idove any move Wver go ewo o e ealer sage of agame mig by delberatelyspndg ordnae amonts otme ov every subsequentmove recover lost grond bysubjectng his opponent to seeboredom and weane It s awonder ad a everasing rbueto s iic cham hat ce



Fr G 51

ever sived.Aut a cenuy ago, he idea

of conroling the tme aowance

for each player was adoped irssad-gasses the specia cloccoming o use. These revolutiosed e game

A mode chess cock realycosists of wo cks each ofwhich woks independey of eoher Each records the me consumed by one of he wo payes.

When you have made you moveyou press down he o on heop of he cock on the side nearest to you This auomaicalyraises e oher sde sops yorow cock and sas you oppones. long as he is egaged g ou epy movehis cock goes on wst yos

rains sationay As soo as hemakes move, he prdowhis ob, sopping own clockand re-sttg yos wch cou o ck whis you n cogiae on you eply

The ime egistered on ethe ofthe coc a any omen thusrepresents the oal me expended by the payer whose tmeit is measrg over a emoves he has made up o en. Ifyou ake a minute over yor smo two ute oer yorsecond and e minues overyou hd then yor clock as youpess e ob on mang you

thd move shoud sand attweve minues (one pls woplus e) pas the hour. Nauay he minute-had is he oe

you watch, and t maers iewhere e hor hand stand a ecomencement of a game as ong

as e minue-hads coectlyadjused a the appropiate zeromk.

There may e a see-sawng bnstead of wo os

he ag

Each clock has a ie ed 'agsuspended near he weveocock mark which s slowlyased to a horzona posio byhe mute hand as he aer approach ht mk, d falsaga he momen i pass. Afary como tme schedue iswenty moves per hor wch

means a each play is aowedan hor for ech wenty mov hemakes. the majorty of cases,boh playes make the wentymov wel e aotedhou bu i occasionally hapnswhen e game has en uusaly difficut or compicated, aone or oth ave dficuty indong so f a payer fs o make wentieh move before his agdops for e s time, he automatcay foreis he game eventhouh he ay ae a oerwhelmgy superor posion andmay compee quoa of movn insta aer. Each playe mus

kewise have made foy movesbefore fag fas again at theed of a ther hor of meand so on.



52 E Gue o he

Raely ae more 24 movesto te hour called for. O teoher hand, oament andmatch games e sualy payedto a slowe schede say 18 or 20moves o he ou; or even otymoves o two-anda-alf os,whc i in some ways a improvemen since i minimise theinererence of me wih thegame - you can forget abou youcock o or ous or moe by

when e game may overYou can, o coe, space outyo mealowance as yoplese. e onng moves ofamlia opegs ae usalyplayed quickly by bot sides soha hey c ulie e tmegained for a good ong when e positon becomes n

volved I here s no me controluni he end o e second our, aplaye may take ee-qute oan hou, or eve an or over asgle move wod avesow e seeds o boredom in heold days but can eve anoyanybody ow If you ave o wat-quater o an ou fo a

move, you ow at yo winever ave to wat so long again ha game, aso ha your opponen saddled ime wh heask o makng mny more movesin a vey sot tme

Yo Ca Ge U

There not e least need or yoto remain you sea o tis

peod ac is no a procede to be recomended stangedly at te same objec orhree or fou ous is enough tohypnoise anybody ino supidity.Leading masers wak away aeramost evey move; eiqee onlydemands tha you sould om ad re to you seatqely so as ot o disb youroppone Te average oame or mac room i troged

by players wandeng om boado board havig a glce a eposions eaced oer gamewhst eir opponen is busy onte ow I he ain on e wayback om a mac yo may discover at practcaly everymembe o e eam owssomethg abo wa as hap

peed on te oher boards Wistwaking abou the room yo canexchnge mny a es go andhave a ske p a new acquaance; ces i no antsocial Natual y you keep a eyeo your game toghou heewandergs and i is a ndestd conveion tat wen you

oppoent move, you may breako ay covesaio a a moments noice wio ofence toe to yor gam

You mg ask 'How am I toow wen I ave mde 20moves? 1is qeson is answed in ou chapte on notato you supposed to keep

a score of e game as you goalong. ave explained e mod system o ime cono a tis



it Ch am 53

stage to coec he popula msconcepion unfouately qutewidspread, that ch-payersequety go of o seep or growberds whis her oppone ecosderig a snge move. Thestato is vasy othewse. Imny games yo wl ong fomoe me you ae alowedto uave a te pepexigcompexies; yo may batngaganst shoage of tme from he

rst move to the ast. Ths maye neve wackng and certailymakes te game exctng. A Ionce menioned a roadcast Ihave dangled om a monancrag wth a 50eet dop eowme nd ound a prey teseexperiece bu no enser tnmany a gueig game of cess

whee every decson had o emade agais me.

Che cocks are not essentamos of iedy gmes epayed wtou tem. Sold youever md yose becomngbored by opponent's slownssowever yo wi d comfo he owedge that n seos

c hey am unvesa.

Seed Chess.

Te cock has made che a gameor he yong. The tmealowances ae geerous eougno to dscont patece nd tenaciy ut sucety sriget orewad enerprse.

The speedgup o chess hs

not sopped a tis rotne clockcono u as pssed o to vio fos of quck cess. Onefo o tis s lghng chess'n wich oly a few secods areallowed r move, wh istatdisqalifcato or any payer ato o seond too te wtany move A uzzer sounds orone secod at regar ntevasve or te secods apart ddurg the second t s soundg

he player whose t s omove ms pick up hs piecemove t to te cose square admove hs fnger om t He hashe evenng ve o en seconds o cosider ad decde o move. Nauay ighngchess has notg lke te sandng of the onal game but one or

wo sesios hed dugsome chess congrs n wichquie amous payers may parcipae w gusto Te gtheredss o payers nd specaos alike a ts seos s aneyeopener o nonchssplayersNatally the play s far from corec, good playes n her hste

mag eemetary bnderswhich aou ucoolae gstsof laUgter.

No chess cub shoud omtlging ch om its nnaprogae, or t a mosly successfu dversion. If s not pactcabe o obtan ormake one of te special uzzngcloc equred one selfsacfcng memer can equphmself wh a cheap electc



54 Gu o Chss

buzzer nd watch with a secndshnd nd provde the noses-off.Or he cn even bng a t canAher member shuld act asumpre dsqualng wthtmercy all players wh vesteptheir timealwce

Thee is anther, even meppulr type f quick chss:'five-minte chss n whch eachplayer s alltted just five mnutesn his clck.

The mves re n cnted.The game may be wn r sti te rdinay way f play befre either player exceeds tme; but f nt the f whselag falls hs lst

The drawback t veminutechess s hat if bt playssht f tme a wid scambe

may develp With each in ttyg t make a mve nd presshis clck b in a actin f asecnd I have mre thn nceSeen the clck cked ff hetable r terws damaged.

The grat advntage f fivemnte chess is that time c ften saved ver smpe psi

tins (fr istance the frst fewmves f the game can be payedin a flash) which cn then be devted t mre cmple situatinswhch met deeper attentin tprduces a game f higher qatythan 'buzzer chss

Natuly te ccks can be sett ten r any her number fmnutes f prefered but fve smre ppar. A snger payermay handicapped by beng

allwed y say fur minutes this opponents ve.

Bt fDS f lighng chesshave advnced csideraby inppulrity n ecent yers. Oncethey were ust w natnal champinshi are fghtut.

In ew Yrk ighng chis wn as 'rapid anst Bens Ais as 'pingpng

wadays pd che events

in which players pay five r sixgames n a sngle day with atmelmt f 30 r 40 mnutesech fr the whe game re extremely ppulr at wkends upand dwn the cuny.

Unished Gmes

If a game has t be brken ff frresmptin later he lst paicipnt befre te adent dsnt discls mve t ppnent r even make it n ebad bt tes it n a pece fpaper seals t p in an envelpeand hands it t n indendent

pesn fr safe kpg. s iscalled sealg a mve In theMiddle Ages travelg chessplaye ud t accmpny farsand engage in matches aganstcal cac uninished gameswee aded and mv sealedn the psence f lawyes specficaly sned t attest epsits and take chage f thesealed mves

Nwadays when clc ae



r Cess Gmes 55

usd a no of h t a ccopans h ov h sssurs a sp wa that no

pr s th canc o sesssanc o o ov h pcsbout pva t a sawhs dcdn hs xt ov

I wd oas th ospopur o of concud a ha hs on bond h

t-coo s h quica s, n whc ac pr aocad a 15 or 20 utso cop



5 Em f Cmba

he ok

Ery i y creer chepyer y my le gme withnyg eency rugh wig frk See the dimmed pti ee theght c cpte the pwgivig check t he kng whchh t mve d hen cprng

the rk Nly hi i upped t repreet y prt fthe whe pi there enghe piece nd pw nhwn

gm 61

A mve ie cn wn hegme nce We g pwn

d rk fr thng Even fBc mnge t cptue theght lter (d t i re ht

e lte metme f it lite diicult t mke wy utf he cer gi) he ihewth nly ght r k d pw which i vey bd rgi

i ptin very eyreched m he pitin he

me t the cmeceme f hegme Se hem p n Digm23 d erve th er twmve by ech plye he lwig pi pible

gm 6

I diffc ee hWite w mve were mde



Eeme o omo 57

with hs gh nd Back's wha paw ad hs queen. Wite ise n a poson to wn

Blacks rook by a move exaclylke that shown aboe Oce youare really famil wth theights moe you will neve ecaug nappg y ck; un a moe oled orm it occursn mny a mse game nd lsats a heme o he greaestmpoace, called a dierget

aack or ork. Te ight aterit as captred e pawn atackng and ook smulneously tis said o fok hem.

Hee s aohe example of eighs fok, where t noes aook and a queen insead o aook ad a kig. Te eect sagan grea; the quee mus move

or she would capured henhe rook may e captured

gm 63

The gs fork has a ceransdosness wic oher mesor lack, parly cau eg s no a ery aluale

pece in ie u any and eveypece can ok, e simultneosly atack two ostie pieces at

once. So c a paw ere s aexample of a paw orkng a ookand a ig:

gm

One of the aacked pieces camoe away the othe must beaadoned or capure. I enex dagam oo, e rg-ndpawn cn ork he shop ndqueen y advacng oe squae.

gm 65



Gu o Ce

Although eiher e bsop orthe qeen cold the capte hm,s felow-paw, wo is coectlypaced to proect cold therecapte so tha a worst Whtewll ga a bishop in re forwo paws.

A bishop can also 'fork Forisance, ere a bishop is orgwo roo (Dagram 66)

gm 66

Diagram 6 sows anoterkind o bsop ork:

gm 67

The rook in the nex dagram isforg a ght and a bsopOwing to he hig vale o therook, is ork has ot qie esame eror many cases ecoverse eect o the ghtwose ork is deadly becase othe gs low vaue) Whitewold be il-advised to cape abshop or g wi a rook hisoppone cold recapue. So thathere for nsace eher e

bsop or the ght were aeadyprotected, Black wold ony needo aend to the hreat to the oherWhereas n Daam 6 woldot mater a jo f e qee or herook were protected, or thegh wod gladly gve ie p exchange for eiher

gm 68

The qees ork is oublesome, spite o her eat vauebase i can be set p easiy a resu of er mobliy. Tequee can fork aog a rank le as n e case o the rookfork; alog two diagonas as



Eeme o Como 9

e c of the bishop (a qeennstead of he shop Dagrams66 and 6, or nsead o e k

Daam 6, wod atack tetwo forked pieces jst e me)or aong a ank o fle and a dagona Dagram 69 lsa thet of ese Diagam 0 thesecond and Dagrams 1 and 72he ird. e ird knd s themost deadl and e one fowich ou must most caeful

wac s e knd at neerthe bisop no the rook can se gm 70p for makes se o oth theirpowers Don' orget hat heqeen ma ork like a ook nDaam 6; o ke a shopDaam 0.

gm 69

he ea o aac like thsom a qn is so great t oshod take cae to ensure tha man of our men possle

(and he mportant on o cetan) are poeced wheneer ouropponens qeen has reedom

gm 7

gm



60 Gu o Css

In one of Dagas 6 o 72as a aaked a bn theg Sbstue he kg fo anyof the ataked pees ad efok gans powe fo thee now o qon wh of heattaked pees o ove ow t s advsable o potetThe kng st be seen o heohe ataked a beng ef ne uh. Ts s oe of e ayeasons wy e ng sold o

be bog ot no he dde ofe boad at an ealy sage hegae he gh sbjeed osoe ek fo whh e oudeasy esape on hs ow aobut tough he heg peesutaeously atakg anoea tat an ay ost

Whls e effe of a fok geae e oe valable he eataked ad he less vauable hean 'fokng ay so of fokwhateve a fuene and evedede e esl of a gae Thefok of wo npoeed paws bya queen by eadg o he oss ofone of e ght dede a gae

betwee asesTe kng as the os sensveof all the en ad he oe whodae no oe o nto he on soe of e ohe peeshave e eanged of� saely abe to fok wo tepees b whe he s the veyay ad needness of the

apnng ay pode a edous effe. Fo sane awod aposp gae wasone won n hs way te pos-

o Daa 7 geaed.

gm 3

He te whte kg fonghe bak ook and g one ofw ust sh

A the oe pee ea of

sa o the endgae thekng ofe gets an oppounty ofok wo p o a pawn ad ape as shown the ne wodagas

gm 4



lemens jmn 6

gm 7

Playig against weak or inexenced opponents, you wloften have a oppony o sagea decsve ok Agas asonger opponen you ave o'manace yo own opportniti - yo wil aely e presented wi em. Here is a ypical example of maufactngyou own oppony:

gm 6

Eac side as eacy e samenumr and qualiy of piees and

paws Whie h a spectacamove a dspol He capute g wt qeen givng

check o he back king and asotheaening e black queen Tisis a fork of he ack kng andqueen by he white queen On e k lk s mdness or the whie qeen unpoteced and can captured ye lack; this naualy a recty good wy fo Back o ge

out of check (y 'capue oe checkng piece) and, face So Back takes he wequeen Now comes he eal 'fokwch e manufacued fomsel Can you it? Set otte piec s Dagam 76 on aboad ad pay Ut queen takgh ceck for he and then'qeen tak queen fo Black inry Do youtha now hte manoevred e ack queento suc a posiion a he ca'fok Blacks king and qunwith ight? Te esulingposiion is as Dagam 77

gm



2 Gu o Ch

Boh he black king and heback qu e atacked; he kngmst move ou of check and henhe qeen is captued White gaveup hs qeen or one tle ghto sat with b has now regaed i or nog so tha bythe whoe ransacio he hasgaed a gh is intertgto noe hat Dagra 77 if thewhie ght wee o o capthe quee e qun cold mae

Whie nex move by playngdown o the st ak he matngposo beng of he same ypeha show Dagam 2 Howexacty the whoe thg had o becalcuaed! To win a pece Whiesked e loss of hs qe adbeing mated - o pehaps hat isputg oo songy for

woud ot have daed o sacricehis quee had he no caclateda he mst recover he extmove.

gm 78

Hee is aoher poson whichoffes a ypcal chace of wnng

by means o a ork ceverlybrough abou (Dag 78)Back appea o have the teo for he a extra pawnB Whe pays 'ook akespawn I Back recapres wihhe paw whch was protectghe one captud he resutingposition is as shown in Da78 Now Whte aks the ecaprng paw wih hs bshop athe same me fokg boh

back ooks one o whch hepcks up for nohng next moveWhe gves up a rook but obtnsn re wo paws ad a ook tha he wo paws p as aresut o the srmish and hased a appey los gento a probabe win Black woud fac do t no o recape

o his firs move a a

gm

Al al he fork is by fathe mos powel hemaicweapon in che



emen oCominaion 63

The 'Skewe

That great chess teacher, EdgPel, vened a pefectkitchen aalogy to he 'forkwhen e appled e teskewe o e sor o ng thaca om he nex diagram.Here e wte rook can caphe paw, gvg check o hekg which mst move ad let he

rook houg o capture he queenyond Jst as a ok is some-thng wth moe ta oe pongwhc c sck no wo lumps omeat o yo plate a e sametme, e skewer is somethigthat psh ght thogh a mpof mea and o te othe side

Daam 80

Skewes ae encotered morerey tha forks, s ey equrea bigger ee aea o he bord ortheir operaion and cano be seup by gs, paws or kigsMoreove, or a skewer o be eective, he mddle ma has o

o a value greaer a he skeweg ma, which is seldom the as e ceast ma wich

ca up a skewer i e bishopHee i a o of bishop skewerwch is casoally encotered:

Daam 81

is te se movng the atacked rk, becase te is aother behid

The next css o mauvrewe sa exame i of paramompoance I a veredskewer, whic the ieediae

man ot wo s muc as eone behd

The 'Pi

When a man i deered ommovg by the ac tha, dongso he woud o p a lie or aeemy piece o capre a vaablema o ow sde, he i said tobe pnned o to be sffengom a p exampe or two



64 E u Ch

w make cearer than ayamon of explanaon. Here, foriance, an eample of theeare pn whch occur in aactua game Each ide ha madeoe pawn move ad one piecemove, ad now e ght wchBack ha moved ou om orgna quare 'pned by awhite bihop agan Blackqeen If e g we to movenow i woud ope e way for

the whe op to capure thelack quee, wc woud e darou for Black

gm 8

Conequenty te gh i under reran in fac in nnetynne cae out of a huded i immobed; he oe ecepoalcae where w e free o move when ha e opportuy odo ome rla piece of workwch jue givng up thequee Now ook a aother potion wch ca likewe are afer wo move on each de:

gm 83

Here it a whte gh wch pned by a black bhop andow i te we king whichl e pted f the gmove But te kng cano becaptred! Qute e thi i a

omewhat naier ype of pin ate r for werea Diagrm82 the gh cold move theeceptional were i adrlian work to do gh preveed y te rl of hegme om moving any circmance whatever Yo areno alowed o put yor ow kng

nto check at i wha Whewoud be dong f he were omove the ght

Tere no 'faal danger in thewo pn we have luated eycan be eay neutraed, for ance by aackng te bihop bypawn o a o dve t off thetreatg dagonal or (beter aa ue) by moving a minor peceuch a a op in bewe thepied pie and the g or



lmnt oComnaton 65

quen aganst whch it s pnned. ng by a wie isopTe dager s patly psychoogca You ecome so accsomd

to egardng a pice as beng aeto move suc-adsuch a wayta yo are lae o overlook tefact ta, wen ped, cannotmv u yu (pyngWte) may i ta yoisop n Dagm 4, s poeced y yor gh Yo oppoent akes he isop wt is

que and yo eaise o yooo tat you canno ecpe -yor g s as useess as a Diaam 8ump o wood i annot move

Daram 84

It annot mov! Ta s tesecond weaess of te pnedpece 'He wo ighs ad away may ve o fg anoteday ut a pned piece cano away and oe succms, as

a consequece to some atackwich woud otewise e qieharmlss ere is a poson(Daam 5 in whc te ackgt s pned agas te ack

The gh cao moveWhte ca advace hs paw atacg te g, ad tatwetched pece whc coud

nomay evade a pawns aackw ese sccms wtho aigh

Diaram 86

Dagram 6 shows aote exampe o a p Back dare nomove te pawn away om teatack o e woud lose hs queen



66 E Gue o Ce

All ese hae een pns ysops a ype of pin wch smos dangeous ecase o heishops smal alue whch ofe

maes i proale to exchangehm or the ma e pns eoos p ca e roesomeoo one o te most commoypes eing show in Diagam were Whe as qclymoed ou the gh ad sopnea hs g and casledwhereas Blac hs eglected omoe hs ing o safety ut msaey grad a paw i themiddle of he oad

Daram 87

Yo may d i interestg toy o wo o the sx moes oeac side y whc this posiowas reaced.

We can now win a pece in acople of moes. He moes sfree oo one square o the lepinning the lac g agaist

te ac g ad heaeing ocapue t. Whicheer way Bacchooses o poec White ca

futer atac t w oe of hspaws next moe and captue with ha pawn the moe afterBlac cold protect wi hs

qeen y moing ta piece inont of his ing his would noeee the pin since he ghf it now moes wod exposete quee

The nex dagram shows piny a qee along ot he lines oorce a oe

Daram 88

Te white queen is pning teroo again the ing te ghtagaint her oite umr

You must aai yorsef o pnad gh agas tem Seize aychance yo ca of seng up aproae pn; if younot wina enemy pece yo can hsender it emporarly selsswch is he nex es hg

If one of yor own men ispned i s ot always adsale

to tae hrried seps to eiee tepi tere may e oher more porant things o e done st



lement oCominaton 67

Where there is dager tat yorpinned pece may soon fheraacked, e.g by a paw, mme-

dae atenon s requed ofcor. Dagram teaches sone ncdeal spect of a pnwhch mus neve overlookedSuppose you are Whie andBlack has js played s shopo t pn post pnng yoigh By ths, e atacks yorhop more tan you gt fo

e deprves i of te poeconte igh ws offeg by rendeng te gh uess If youoverlook te fact tat i is realythe bisop whch is aacked, youmay come o gief You may foexampe, seek o releve te pnby dvg the black bisop away

by advancng you exeme eft-and pawn one squae with theteat o captre i Ts woudlose a pece, ecase Back woudcape yo gh wit bisop 'check! desoying theproecon o yor own shopYou would have o recaptue teshop with your pawn and Black

would th captue you now -proeced bisop with hs queen,ganng a piece in e snsh

te case of a fok, wenup againt a good payer you wlv t yr woppotui fo ps A ypicalcanc in the posion of

Dagam 9, whc ter resembls Dagam 7 HereBlacks g safe, begonce atacked nd once proecedWhte captu i owev and

Black then realses tat f ecapures, s quen ca pnedagans is kng y te we

rooks movng one sque o ele; afe wic the mos Blackcould ever oain, n exchagefor s qun would a rook.Noe tat Wes rook must besuppored wen i gs to p tequn, otewise t coud becaptued by te very pece t spg and aackng

Diaram 89

Daam 90



68 u to Ch

a bishop next move - one of thenastes ps magale.

Dagram 9, s ook spned agast que. each

of te hree te s aoto w some peasa prze ad apot s, that h houl hav bnlln n ah a to aranythn l n th pvouplay to bn th tuaton aboutFo sance, Dagram 90whee e s abot o a roofo og, he wod have ee

Dam 91 perfecy jed sacrfcng agh o a bshop ad a pawn tooan ts son; Dagam e s oly gog o w aght the weakes pece tee s,bu eve fo ths ppose t mghave pad o gve up oe ofhs ow ghts, f geneal

poton wee mpoved by thewhole smshWe meoned that a pece

ped agas a ee ca, excepoay' move whee ca dobran wok whc fes

Daam 92 gvng away he qun.

To hep famase yo wth

ps whehe maufaced ous le avaale hrog weakmoves y yo opponet dagams 90-92 sow h moep y bshops, each of whchpove dsasros fo oe playe

Dagam 92 Black dae notmove hs g becase s oowod then caped I Da

gam 91 Bacs qee s pedagast hs ng ad Whte shreaenng to capre fo only Daam 93



mn o Cmn 9

Diagam 93 depcts a siuaonwhch s an excelen example ofs type.

Ths positon ca aerfour moves on each sde ( s aneesig icidental eecse towok out what ey mgh haven)

hit kniht an tak thpawn

Now, Back's bisop gabs

Wes qee Whes bishopcan capte the paw whch s Blacks kng gvng check

Daam 94

Thee is oly oe lega eplyfor Black: hs g ms comeoe suae down he boad -wherepo Wes oe gmoves i ad a the alposo eg as o ext agram

Afte Whes move iDagam 93 Black s no compeled to ake e qn bt anyateave move eaves hm aleas one pawn down

The HPn

The alf-pn only occ aely ipay bu is common i chesspobems Once yo ndesandthe n the half-n explains t ere are now to men betwee the vauable piece and hosile pie o ts ne; for nstance Daga 03, the ook

is alfpnnig Blacks ightad bshop agas kng epon beg tha f eh sholdmove o tha le, he oherwould be pinned

Diaam 95

Oebdened Me

each o e nex ee agmsWie o move can wn a pecebecau one of ack me sovebuded .In Diagam 96 Whe capeshe bishop with hs gh; f heback pawn recapues he can



70 Gu to Cess

capte e ook with his kg fornotng.

Daam 96

Diaam 97

Diagam 97 e capes eig wih he queen; if heblack rook then recapes eqn, Whie can move rookog to e opmos rankchecang Black in a waysmilr o Diagram 3.

Dagam 98 We wouddealy ike o move s bishopone sqae to the Nor-wesBlack's qn wold hen be

pinned agans he ng, and lmaey lost i exchange for ebshop lke the qeen in Diagam9 - only Black's g weeno so placed as o be ready ocapure e bshop wen moveshat one sqae Noth-w

te ctues te ook IBack now recaptues with eigh, he pes White o se ptha aal pin ae all, since eigh has been decoyed away

and no longer covers e cricalsqe

Daam 98

eac o the three diagrams, a

back man had more duies than cold cope wih n Dagram the pawn cold no protect bohthe bishop and e rook Diagam 97 the back rook ad ogd he igh and aso peventWhie from mating wth is rookon the back rank n Dagam 98e black igh had o protectthe rook and aso o peven twte bishop om pinig eque.



lmnt /Comntion 7 1

I sol e oios enogfrom he exles, wh ismen y n oeue

iece or wnf one o Y oponen's enhs oo much o o ry o expo

his Conesely on' oeworny o Y own en ry o isrie he wor mong hem.

Oerwork sells rekown incess s o rel life!



6 Pawns

A ea playe once stated thepaw ae the ol o cess spe o he wea hey ae

mpotnt we have aeadyseen hey can do nobe sevice ne potection o pece heivey weaess someimes aids. one o yo ihts ataced ya qun yo ca ioe e eaaloehe i potected sceyo oppoent wold illy ocapte he ih wen yo ae

eady o capte e queen n exchane A iht ataced by apawn howeve us movewhee potected o no o otewise be los in excane o tepawn a ad aain

Yo mi considein tisthin t peasa to case youoppoents pieces aou wh

you paws You cold chivvyhe om qae to quae oevey lie tst hey coud eue ony i hi pocede soo ecomes npoabeo he aace because pawnsca neve et o ay oay a pawn ca oy move owadneve bacwad. Hence i aaced te ac he eatesoce open o a piece iht.I o evade a atac t mt

move i can ony o owad andevey tep a t eae to theenemy e is pl tipyin

n a ceasin aio the vatajoty o ca a paw wheattaced ust say wee it isad see poecio i hat ca euppied by a elowpawn teham ay e done bu i a piecehas o be pssd to sevice othe ob tha pawn is beco anuisance o it poeso Pece

ae oo vauabe to e wased ote mena tas o poectn apa t e a ihin veelain o special poecon oa batesip

To He to Protect Pwnsby Pieces s Bd

Now do yo see he dawbac otoo much cvvyin o you oppoen pece w you pawns?Vey soon you athe cappyatac wil pee ou a the piecesinaly each aey. Ten youwi sddeny md yo pawady scaeed about e boadoe o the a aied Youopponen wl theae st oethen anohe wil al e



Paw 3

eaier, becase ey e so nhs lnes. You cot eettem ou may mnge o defedone o wo by oer pwns, butesewhe pieces wl ave osoude e task; moeove, emember h singe paw maybe aacked by more han one eemy pece ta wo, , oeven moe men ve o go to isecue At be, you wil mageo potect evey eaeed poin

bu e ll yo peces wll beed down o defence no oewil be ee to move uil youroppot pemis. o oppoenwil be be to cll te tue ndconol he cose of e gme ewould ve o be a bad player notto d some chance of convertings bg itve into w

ypcal mehod is o sh he tc sddey om oe side ofhe board o he ohe, sg ohs pecs whch e moe mobie a e coesponding deending piece o yo side Awos you wil met wt immedae dsser Two of you scteed pwns may be forked by eemy piece so at one as ogo; or one my so awkwdlyplaced you canot potect tas muc s you oppoen canac it so ha i fls ino isad le a ipe pm You maeis sort of ing easy o youroppoet we you ps pawns

rgt ude is nose.Picully dageou s to advance e pawns fo of yourkng, weter he s remined in

e cee o migd, by casng to a wg Nvr moveese pawns wiou good reaso- if your oppone's peces oncege bed tem you king may t is mecy. We have poedou he dnger o exposing in mle w e oe piec, forince by movg ou, oeven by evg , in he mdde of he bord By moving wyte paws whc ognaly

you expose almost s bdly as you wee topus him out o e middle ohe bord. I once go od of very vlube che boo, pubised in 162 Even a t eydte they had discoved admenioned pciple - butgood pyes ose games

daly by ogetg it and ecsariy moving e paws ttscreen ther ing.

As pawns co move bacwrd evey pawn move is apemnent comitm Lieholy wedock you undeake ifor bete o wose fo he remader of he gme In he erlystag move no pwns exceptose you must in ode o e tepeces out o ply Alow youse wo, or at most tree, pawmoves among e ist dozemov you me. Aer a, aways coose piece move inpefeence to a pawn move uess

he er pomises some asingpofi.In wo cicusances oy c

paws be t wel foward



74 E ue o Che

wtout too mch sk:(a) When they advance in an

ubroke lne side by sde, lkenfantry n a wel-ordered atack

When hs happens, hey can sriosly trouble your oppoent byappng hs peces wihn a moead more cramped space. Theadvcig le s called a 'pawroller

Whe oe or two ca bethst so f owrd tat tere ia eal teat at oe wl qeenand at t same tme can beadeqatey protected

Bot h e dict oratos, mak o mstake! The stespecaly so; te advntage ofconrolg the greater area of heboad ca easy be oveetimated Soone o later te

csh mst come wen your eof pawns meets you oppoentsTwo o hree pawns on either sidewill be excaged f and diagoal beng opened whch wereclosed befoe so hat e piecsre suddenly eed You shoudneve allow breakup to occu until yo have cely sta

toed all yor pieces n readessto take te lest advatage of t ts wl be easer or you hator you opponet as you havemore oom to maoeuvre n Ifyo neglect to do ths, yor oppoents peces wl become asmoble as you own d yo wilbe te worse of becaue by you

geera paw-advnce, yo have exposed yor own ngMany rstate payers go asay

n ts of posto and t ssuctve to obseve he pastang, almost faatica cautonwh whch a real master me

odicaly cshes any attempt bys opponet to gai anytigom he beak-up We shall soonexpa why he pawns souldadvace 'le abeast

The second case as not qitete same ptfals A we shallater here s a way of testngwheter a pawn has a goodchnce of becomng a queenEve hs stace howeve,you may sddely d yor advanc pawn sck and becomg a abilty stead of an astas hostle pecs faste on to toe by oe o make oblesome o te squae front o it

Pwn Fomions: Gene

A pawn ca rarely come to mucn if not too fa advaced adprotected by aoth pawn, tetwo occpyg adjog sqaesalong e same diagoal as te

back pawns n Dagram 48 Adda third paw ad a four aloghe same dagoa, and each protecs he one befoe t a eemecase of ths beng he backpaws Dagrm 99 Ths s astrog fomatio and a safe oe,but saety tactcs raely pay sowel as enteprse The t de

fence s attack and the st elemet in atack s mobility tee o paws sragt across te



Pw 5

bord, s n Diagam , whchwe recomended above s a'paw-roer, s a supeio formaton, because it s more mobeand elstc.

Compre te two gops ofou paws, one n eac ormato:

Drm 99Sae (Dagonal) oaton

Daa 1Mobie (Paw-roler omaton

(a) How may paws re protected at e moment? O te'sa, o e oter, none.

e 'sfes wn(b) How may pawns coud

acqre addtiona protecton by amove, at need Of te sanone; of te roers any (bymoving one sqre orwrd eer of te inner pawns so movedwoud medatey come dobly potected n ts wy). e'olles are sprior respect

c How many sqars r u

der cono? (We fod ausfl gde wi te pec Amaxmm o fve n e 'sfesix n t 'rolr formaton wecaot cont te squre a pawarady stand on, bcau t snot avalae or ny pece thatmit ue protctio

Two of e oer" squres

r protctd wc ove so tey on too(d) What happ f a pawn

mst move? I e case o tesa, e wole omato isboken p ad at est one oepaw becom nprotectedAgan a wn o the 'ols or'roler paws acay gan po

tecton we they moveA frther advantage o te sec

ond ormaton tat it sets up abrie across e bord just kee quns bre down tebod n Diagram 36 (or te �ookwhch coud epace her) Eeyoe of te sqs n ront o te

le nder fe om a pawn,some twce over eny kngcomng om te ont Dagm wold be deed te us o



6 u to Ch

te whole of te pat of te rdsow, except e op rank. I ekng ot appoach, oerpieces r ot Presee your

pawn-oler itact whlst you canWhe te ime s rpe, move onepawn forwrd oe sqare, eanote he a trd each takg up sation one ak urheowad t the lne s efoedon hs ank nd he eemy pecesae s up to a stl smalepa of te bord than eoe

t s fod n practce a nfato y enemy peces i easeagast the 'sae ormato

Owng to s campng effecto e eemy game and ts elascy, the oe foao ste fo al genea crcumsances

The oe foaon s ochess fo te lazy man; oe ofhe paws beg poteced, yomust keep you ws aout you andng the role o yo wlle pawns, t s effecvechess ad, elgety hadedwl oe any oppoe moe tha he easygog sae

forato payThog he pawns occupy formato at he comecemenof te gme, you wl o ofen beae to presee a pawn-rolegt acoss e board t akesegh moves a ak and you haveto be very lucky or cever to keyou oppoen qe o eght

moves at a ime The deal s oget the two pawns whch youaowed to move o he

openng sages to te fourth ksand ten sar using you 'pes. Dagam 3 . f a thrd adforh pawn can ten on e par

e mdde akng advantageof a 'jab o wo at osie pieces dong so you ave a menacgpaw oe te makng

Weever yo have te prad, o hold the ntave or reo e attack y to get youpawns sde y sde on adacetsques of one rk as Daam 1 Look on te foatowee one pawn protects anothe a deesve esoce to beadopted oly a sector weeyou opponet has te better ofhgs. apples o a par ofegoug paws just the me o a group o or fo or

fve Needles to say, neve stayon e defesive onge an yo ep

An Isolated Pawn

Drm 101



Pan

Look at i poiton:Back' paw re two

oup of thee Wite areouped two, one ad thee Teoe n e mdde a pecial kndof paw; t ad to be olatedbecaue on each de of ape fle - fe whchpaw of ow de have dappeaed Never could a eopan come o ecue at eappoited tato for protecto

(oe qur beind dagonaly) ft were atacked t wod ave ocall upon a piee fo help Bcae paw c oy moveagh fowrd excep o toecompravely e occaonwee tey make a capte, teynot exed ter help furheaway a te next le

I t good o t bad a olaed paw mght ave to callpon pec for protectio? Wehave oy o rcall te batehpand te fig vel to reaea bad I bad fo a pawto have to ca on a pece o protect t iolaed paw aweae T o avoid olang

you ow pawn ad y to olateyou oppoen

Not oy when atacked edadvatage of your olaedpaw made mnifet Te qui o of he oe on towhc e woud advace f ewee to move a wek pot n

yo game a poit of whc youropponent ca make good fotatoig pec Wy? caue a o pan of yo

atack a pece tatoed ere a obvo whe we remembertat yo have o pawn o eieof te adjacet fe ad b ofe piee whc mght atack aote o tatoed eoget you qee ad twork wuld be able t d om e eiet drecto - up tee becaue yo ow fle e way Coeqenly aqare i afe for eemy m

an i oewie woud be fyo oppoen ha an olaedpaw y to work out whc willbeet yo moe o aack t ota you te dow h piece to tedefence of , o to pt a pece agh i aly bet fo onte quae n ont of If teatter ce yo pece i capured,

ry o range ecaptue by apee ecapng wt a pawnpracicay emia te iolatepaw wea If you ae ufortunate eough to get oe ofyou ow paw olated try toexchage i off o to bng anoter of you paw o to one ofte e ex o i by mea of a

capu, o a to end olaton

A Doubled Pa

Whe two paw belogg toe ame de re on e mefe ey ae ad to be dobled

Thi too dadvatageou Thetwo paw o te ght n Dagam 12 ae doubled Tepcpa dadvantage te



8 Gu to Che

early tage of he game i tefac at, tead of tere engone pawn avaable o each defo poteco cae of need (ahee fo evey pawn, excepthe o te eeme wng, e poto from whch te gameart) tere now ony oepaw avaae to proect thedoued two.

Daram 12

If eter of te doubled pawbe atacked ony oe pawn avalable o prtect - ntead ofthe two there wee gnaly Ife ote doubled paw be now

atacd a well t mt eekpotecton om a pece Bad!Alo the two paw o e amee get nto each oter' way -e hnder of toe on te rgh Dagram 0 cao move a allThe dadvantage may be ouweged early o a game byhe fact a comg doubled a paw alway ope a fe;whe a paw make a capue, tgoe oto te ne fle, leavng t

orgal fe opeNoe Whe' doubed pawn,

ne h kng O to te reulngope fle e ould get a ook aoon a poble, placg wereh g td ow

Daram 13

A rook vey happy f t haan open fe a we have dcated Therefore eary on t maybee a paye o double hpaw a he ca uually epoth ook well by playg tem oo te open l thu created

e edgame he rook mayave en exchaged off Paw

wll certany have exchanged off, ad there wl be omy open fle a a rle tha oemore or le wl make tle dfferece Te the doubled pawecome a wea wtout aymtgatg ccumtac ad, na mple endgame wt onykng o kng ad one morpece ade e fact at you avedoubled paw wherea you oppone no, may ely loe



Pa 9

you he gme. So if you opponet ges doubled (or solated)paw, y o exchange pec off

so

to spd poge to theendgmeRooks e mch bette than

ghs o bshops o expoighe pawn weas I pawo you ow re dobed ty tomake e of he open e or lesceated to gain you ome compesating advantage o - st

better o w the game atogethe befoe the edgame age eached O y o echage ofone o the doubed paws

When paws boh doubedand solated the next diagam they re very weak deed pawfoation cold ariseom Whe capg a blac

ght d Blac ecaprgwith the protecting paw

Daram 104

f you acqre such a iabity dobed o isoaed paws(Dam ) you ony hope o create dveos vros

pas of the bord Ma t a'scappy game; be ready to sacrce matea o ese you

oppone g y for al you worh to conjue up dscoved checs pns fo etc

f the game take a uetcor you pawweaes wurey prove fata in the ed

A Pssed Pwn

sad thee ws a way o testgwhethe a pawn had a goodchance to qeen and hee we A pawn s caed pssed whenhere o enemy paw on theme fle o o ehe of the woeghbog le The advacedwhte paw the mdde o a

1 i a 'passed oe

Daram 105

To eaie why ch a paw

bsed o i pr ad dangerous o his opponet coside:how can a pawn, in genera preven a enemy pawn om pass



8 u to Che

ng it? On the se me, byblockng (as he bsop ds nDaga o either of he ad-

jace mes by captung edaely co no range. Apae paw canno be nderedn eier o tese ways, so hapee ave o be deputed for theob ad here we ave a isgvessel wc ak the eneyeploy a batlesp to keep ihess Soe sng vessel!

When a pawn becoes'passed s cances o queenngand is value o ts owner, rsewi a jup

If yo alow oe o your oppones paw o becoe paedy o pln a piece secuey ohe sqe to whic it s eady toadvnce oeraon s teed

blockadng i e btblockder is a g or absop because he pawn ibockdes do o ntefere withts acto A qeen or rook losests orwad power wen sed abockader and s also oo val-able Becase s ove awaywhen aacked by a nor peceor paw s less eectve ipreveng he paws advance

I the passed pawn s n soaed one s blockade ay coe a nusce o he pawspoor as wl be obvousfro wat we sad nder soatedpawn I t as a copaion o

an adacen fle s songer be-cause he copaion ght beable o coe up d dve awayhe bockader; Dagr

the hider o Whies wo ad-vnced paws rase heblockade a once

a copano as wel s apassed paw hey said o beed psd pawns nd re apoe wing facor at ny sagein ay gae

Two uied pasd pawn onthe sixh gh even songer t a rook f i canopreven oe o the ro qee-

ng ee Dagr 6

Daram 16

e he e ou like hs on aboard, the pawn ad get afried o ake e rook gvg rs ove Co a,wherever he ook goes and eveif it atacks a paw a once oeo e paws can always qeenver t pawns ustps he forwrd a evey opruny and s always be

ready o allow one o be capturedso o qee he oe le ay o course no hold f akng s near enoug o efere)



Pa 8

A Bckwd Pwn

A paw wich s lagged asquare o mo beind it neigbos on eter sde s a 'backwd pawn and s ome of hewea of soated paw.

Daram 17

Daram

See he midde pawn of Dagrams and 8 and noehow, js s it wee an soatedpawn, t cano be proeced, norcan the sqae n on of t be

atacked by ay of ts felowpa ts sqre i caled ahoe and a kn opponen wl

lo no oppouny o png amnor pece ee A backwrdpawn s not quite a bad a ansolat pawn becase (a) f tadvance s wea s competey elimnated and t comp of a good paw-roler; and the riendy paws aheadscn it om atack to some ex

ent

ne Pw oding Two

Daram 19

The diagram shows one paiculstuation n whic a backwdpawn can disstos Te oneback paw on the ef prvensboth oppng wie pws ommovng the hinder he

backwd pawn advanc t canbe captred and, thog ths ethe othe, he back paw queess Wites ea pawn s sele and Back can draw esy



8 u o C

he Pwn-Skeeton

Your skeleton changes ess thanyor esh.

A fa man on a slmming dietcan sed muc a in a fewweeks, bu is skeleton remansaffected and h bones weighe same before as aer A oneamed man migt pu on pondsof es bu he could no gow a

new arm e pawns, causeey move so sowy orm a sorto skeleton around whc hewole game deveops Or, if youike a sow changing maze inwose open spaces, he liveierpieces play ide and seek - onyoccasionaly amping down twals

a rut of e conas nhe mobility of yor pieces andyor pawns, weas n aplayer's posiion can be o woquite diferen typs: (a) Apositional weae or pawnweaess ; or a pieceweaess' The most cleancutexample of e frst is a doubed

and soaed pawn of he seconda piece paced in suc a posiionthat i coud be captued fornohng. Te greaes contras isn me if you opponent wereo overook you blunder in, you could undo all the harmby movng your piece awayagan wereas only a big piece ofuck could srigten ou againyour doubled and isoaed pawns(ys I ow a suitable capre

could but no opponen in hsses would ligly alow it).

Piece-weaess is a hing of momen soon rectied i e"chance be alowed bu suceptible to drasic punisment Forexamples look at Diagrms 6 o63 where Black loss at leas arook for a gt In eier case,if e had placed h rook andqun or king on amos anyoter suae, te wte g

could no ave orked temLook at Diagram 84 wereWie may ose is bisop if eleaves i defended but c easy save it by wihdawing iCreating a piece-weaessmigh sem merey anoher nameor mang a blunder' Bu lookat Diagam were Wte can

win a piece roug a pieceweae simply becaseBacks ng, un and igthappen o stand where hey do Itmigh be oo swpng o say thatBlack ad bldered' o allowWhites very neat bit o play

Piece-play and combinaion ofte pis are he very ence of

chess. Ony peny of practiceagais many opponents wleac you e maniold possibilitis of inerpay of he piecs bua ew principls wil elp, as Ishal sow Jus now i s wihpawns hat I am many conceed and wan to psiseta pawn-weaees ae insome ways more impotan, astey ceranly moe pesisentthan piecewes. A pawn



a

weae w dscribd b onefamos player as a 'chroic ine whch, if you dot take

dasic steps, wl slowly butsuey kl you. we ave sehey may persis and become ncreasigy toublesome as hegame gs o - very fac mayforce you o play the wole gamen a way que differe om yoorgnal ntton If you havebad pawn-weaes, you must

ry o avod excagng pecoff; y to kep he game complcaed vey doueedgd, do a

ou ca o provoke pceweakn ha may save you yleadig o a sudde ed. Obvi

ousy you wn a pe by afork, o a pn or a discoveedchk, you can s ack ad augat a oppone wose ony consoaon s that oe of your paws sweaky paced u h sme lecome moe ad moe smug fyou mss aout dong nohig npacula, wt he effects of

ths weak pacig ecome moead moe serous.



Th Ps an th Pawns

e Pawn n e Endgame

an endgame where all but afew of te piece have been excanged of, e pawn (and hetength and weaee) gainmmeely in mpoance. Forintance uppoe one player left w ng and ght teoer wth ng and paw Teight coud only wn n a mot

exceptional cae a ght and aking alone cannot gve mate)wherea e owner o e pawnmigt abe to pomote it toqueen which could cecateeven agant e ght

Kngs and Paws

To md wether a paed pawncan be caugt n a ng and pawnendgame before it ucceed nqueening imagine a quaedawn on he boad one o whoeide i he path fored by hepawn going n to queen andwhic on the ame de of pa a the oppong king f theoppoing king i n thi quare or,havng te move can ente it,

en it can top e pawn omqueeing otherwe not.

Dgam 110

Diagram 0 ow magnary 'queng-quare Do notovlook he fact that if the pawnand i orgina quae it

cod move two quare foradon it f move; e imaginaryqueening-qua m be formed ough the pawn ood onequare in ont of it eal potione on it por thd rDiaam

Again i e other ng i thereto elp e pawn in t may pobe to prevent e pawnqunng I a paed pawn a tobe bockaded n an endgame give



e ees a he a 85

te job to the g rater tan anyohe pece; t s beter to teohe pice fo geneal dute tanto ass tee o te ng.

Dara 111

Dara 112

A g can sop two untedpassed pawn bt cnnot capeeer. They are 'sel-protecnge typcal posion eached sshown on the ght-hand sde of

Daam 1 whe he backpawns are comng dow eboard. te ont pawn anot becaptured, beig protected by ts

companon whlst f e hnderone were captrd he oherwod mmediatey foradto qen te ng beg unabe ocach it.

The pawns on e le of Daam 1 ae smarly selfpotetn a n be veed btial. I he bac ng pays on tothe sqae n ont of one oftem, eatenng it te oteradvances and ten Bac cap

tres can go on o qeen

Te Distnt Pssed Pwn

When each side has a pssedpan n a ngandqapawnsonly dgame, te advanage belongs o e player whose paed

paw fter om hs opponents g. A canct exampleof shown n Diaam 13 e postion oos even butWhie has an easy caue hehas e dstant or emotepaed pawn. He pushe orward two o te squaes tebac ig must wiy-nly

coss te board o stop and capue t and because i is so aaway Wte has me to capture Bacs ped pawn andthen te emainng blac pansbefoe the blac ng can geback W h wo remanngpans Whe ten wns easly.

oug a dstant pd paw ase weapon most crcumstane a deady wngfacor when te slow-movng



86 Gue hess

ngs are he ony pieces left; fyou opponent oe, avodexchangng off he las piece atall costs.

Dagam 113

Te Queenslde PwnMJoi

Wen on one sde of e boardyou have moe pawns than youopponet yo ca sually obtaia paed paw here

Dagram 114

I Diaam 14 the is acompleey ope e ear themddle. On e lef of his Whtes paws o oppoenstwo and could oban a passedpawn om among hem

Te proc is smple and smla when the two opposigse of paws sar ter apathe paws advance sde by sideunl hey achieve cotact as nDiagam we Whie ob

a paed pawn a ocewete Black captes or not. oe precation to be obseved i 'never to let the pawnwhch has o eemy paw diecly facig t ag beid itsneghbo o Black may eze acnce to se up a posion s iDiagam 16 where Whe s

two backwad paws (compaeDagm ad h advanages nulfied

Dgram 115

O the ig-hand side of Dagam 4, Bac as fou pawto Whites and cold us



e ees a he a 87

obtain a paed pawn imelf onhs side You mgt hecnc are qua, bu tey ae

not - they are n Whte's favoucau hs paed pawn wl be adsan one.

Daram 116

mos games each payercass' wit e rook nearer kng e Whe h ght,Back on te same sde of eboard (s e) Conseqelywhoeve obtas a majoy ofpawns on he oppote sde of heboad - the ueenside' as weexpan elswhere - obains alo apotenial dstan passed pawnand h hu secured a subte btrea posiona advantage Aqeensde pawn majoity asoexemel usel befoe e dgame i reachd and whlt thereare sl a few pce on each sideno excanged off Woeve pos

t, can push foard hspawns to make a passed pawwot undue anxey wheeashs opponen wl have to be cau

tios because te pawn he musadvance are tose scenng hsown kng, whch may become

exposd n conseqenceDo yo follow ? To have amajorty of pawns on he wngdistant om te kngs s goodb yu v pawns wtout far of exposingyou king n e poess and becase te pased pawn eveuayobained rom em w be a

ditant oeDobed pawns have a curoueffect They mnmse al the advantage of a pawn majoty for tis hadly ever possbe o poducea passed pawn ot of a pawnmajoity contanng them; but indefence they are qte good Thsn Daam 117, Back has a cea

advaage Whites 3 to majoity te e or qeenide wl ul wheeas Backs majoiy on te opposite wing wldly podce a pased pawn

Daram 117



88 E Guide o hess

Te bt aemp Whte canmake s o arive a a posiion ikeDiagram 8 wen Back moves

is atacked pawn one square andWhe can ge nowere

grm 118

Knghts nd Pwns

If yo are trying o poec a onepawn wt a one g agansa one king ge e gt hhe pawn Ten i the ig capured the pawn can qeen

grm 119

Whereas in Diagrm 6were Back paying n teboard as mstak y poeced

is pawn om in fron We asime o capte s ig andten pawn

Rooks nd Pwns

A good re wenever you areconceed many wi rooks and

pawns, i o pos e rook f possibe behind a pawn ie so ate pawn if moved gs awayom i Ts appies n a paso e game, eqay for atackand defence wether e rookand the pawn beong o e samepayer or no

Rook and pawn rook psngs, of couse a commonending wc isa e eperecty

grm 10

Diagram 0 as ong as teback rook can say were i wi bockade he wite pawn,



P a Pa 89

wch is stvng to go up tebord to queen. Bu f Blackshoud have to move ook t

must gve way step by step, tlfaly when t gets to Black'sack rak, t cnot move at alwtot alowng te paw toqueen. Meawhie he wte rookas eedom of acton end thepaw beng able to move to anysquae on the e ad st protectte paw ad teaten ts ad-

vance; freedom of acton whchncreas wt every successveadvace te pawn mak.

Daa 121

Dagrm 2 the postonsre reversed Wte can play srook to the fr edge of te oadad advance the paw afer t towtn oe square of ung.Now e s stck he cnot movete pawn ad any move of hsrook ev te paw protted

so t ca e take. (See Dagram22).Black can safeguad the draw

by smpy movg rook p

and dow the le it stds o.Te whte kg c render o effectve assstance snce decty

t approaches hs paw so toprotect t ad release s rook, theback rook c dive hn away bya se of cecks from the dsace whh e verescape as there s asoutey oselter for owng to teplacng of rook and paw)reg to the paws fe

soon as the whte kg s onceagan out of touch wth the paw

Daa 122

Ths helplesse of the wteng ae the pawn s advacedto te sevet rak teach us alesson Whte shoud not advance paw qute so fa, bt soudstop t oe squae sot of tsposto Dagrm 22 eaves a empty sque tweethe wte rook d te wte

pawn ad f te wte kng cantake rege tere from te backrooks dstat chec the pawnca ofte be queeed n a few



9 Gud o hss

movs.If he ook s st placed be

hnd the passed paw, he opposite is tue of the ng, whch s

usualy of more se ont of thepaw fac, the gea majortyof ook-andpawn verss rookedigs deped on whether thedefedng kig can get i fo ofthe pawn If he ca the game sfeqetly daw If i canot itis almost certaily lost

e most coon type ofedig is that i which each sidehas kig one rook ad seveapaws this edng, he goldenmaxim is 'Use he rook fo atack not defece If yor oppoet shoud eae to ake oneof yo paw eiher defend wiha paw o you kig or oen

bes coteratack oe of yoroppoets paws with yo owook, usng the ook for defceony the last rort Occasoaly t may pay to defendwth a rook as a scty tempoay measre utl aothe mcan eieve hm Ulise he rooksbarier as mch as possible

ctng o he hostile kg fromctcal areas of he boad aogethe whe yo ca

Get you rook bhnd anypad paw neang its qnngsqare It s ofe moe urgethat he ng hrry to he crticalscee of affars tha the ook; heate by vite of its greatermobilty ca sally come atoce when reqied bt hesowe g to make a eay

sta

Bshos nd Pws

Dirm 123

Diagam 3 shows a obviousexampe of he effec of paws o

a bishop whch h be appedby hem ad is ost Moblpaws ca usally dscoce aopposng bishop most by worngon sqaes of the same color ashe occupis (as he) You wlhave to keep the satio welude cool for f hey c atack he ca atack them! A

log as they reman mobile they aways ake ege on opposie-coored squaes whee theyare safe, whe conte-atacked

Whe he pawn siuatio sbocked the whole satio maybe evesed ad is sualy fatalo have pawns fxed o sqaeswhee they ae vnerable to aenemy bishop

ee s o savig the backpaw i Dagam 31 ; he



The ees nd he ns 9

bihop mply chew tem up.

grm 12

Good nd Bd Bsho

We cn regard lt itionom oer agle, ang i for

gated tat te paw arebock and ig te mertof te ihop i e igh o act Obvoly he hop iDagram 4 a good lpe I he were a back-quaeihop however he wold eee; own paw wod geti wa ad agat te emy

paw he coud do ogI a gme ecome bocked te

paw mt ave cogegaone de' on we quar heot ide on black I oneplayer wtequae biop agd piece oppoent whiequre bihop a bd one

Whe two bihop are exchged o tey re amo ivariaby oe movig o milay coo qa a whte-

quae bihop c be excangedor a lackqure ihop o inome rodabout way nce obvou oe ca ever caprehe other

gm 125

What a humdm ex

chage o iop or biop maybe in relty e excge o a pece or a e one, adbeef oe of he paye a o

For tnce i he wo opmoving o white qure i Da wee removed Whiewoud have an ey Removethe other two bio tead ad

Back old w Ovoly i no impora codeaionthough it ay eem a litle nvoved pehap at rt readng

The eess sho wihthe Rooks Pwn

Diagram 6 i perhap te mottrkig uaio of the hop one weae Wte a



9 Gu to Che

bhop and a pawn to the goodbunot win - must concda draw, Black s stalemad as hestands and if Wite rteas hs

g e lack king com otonly to ob ack agan nxtmov. Black's salvaton s hfact that is king can nvr attaced on a bk square. Neiter the bishop nor e pawn(now that he later is on a witequre) can ever do so and ofcoe the wite g canot bythe rles of the gam

gm 126

Te ncy conditions for

is peculiar draw are: th pawnmus be on on of the roos lesthe fle at the xtrme edge ofhe board); th dfndng ingmu abl o rec and h

bsop mst e nab to command is eenng squ. If onof ts condions fals ther sno draw th owner of the pawn

c wn.

Ting PwSnche

erly common inplayof isops and pawns is sown inDiagm .

gm 12

On of Blacs pawns s ataced y e shop and uproected t would e fata for

Whte o cape it for then thenext pawn wold mov onesqur fowrd - and th isopwould b appd; th lac ingcoud com up and capue



8 How to Make ood Moes

The monce of heCene

Every pece is mos effecve nhe cene of he od nd leseffecve on he edg. Queen,shop o rook cross cleod om sde o sde n oneep u he od neve s cend n he vs mjoy ofwhen pice s ugenly requed

picr spo i wil hve oevde o ovecome one o moreoscles on he wy here Apece soned on wng my eoo le for opeions on he opposie sde of he ord. Is verysence fom he cene is nnvon o you opponen os n con on e opsewng where rough hvng disposed h forcs more cenlyhe my e le o ng n exrpece no he e he cuclmomen

Wih eve succeedng yer inhe ong hisoy of che he profound mponce of he cene

hs een moe nd moe clerlyecognd he cose of everygme hng on he son onhe fou cenl sqes Nm

zowisch of Rg he somypee' of he chewold whofly condicd s predeces

sos on mny poins could nocondc hem on s, n fcwen even he hn hey,minnng h he cene s ofprmoun mponce

pecilly should gsneve e lowed o sy fr mhe cene owing o he shoof he sde s wel s o he

wy in whch hey e cmpedy he edges of he od (pge)

Dagm 12

e sme pplies o pwnswih he even shoer sride.en you re offered he le-



9 E Gue to hess

ti ve of mang he same capturewh eithe o wo pawn. Whents happe, ness there aredefinite ason agans i, yoshold capre with the pawwhich, in so doing, moves to-wads the cene (See he diaams) White can captre thebishop with eithe of wo pawns

Dagam 129Poion aer capture owards

cenre (usaly good)

Dagam 10Posion ae capte away

om cee (usaly bad)Seg the impoance of he

cene does not mea that yoshould pace al yo pieces the;this woud produce a sod bocko men whch mgh badly ham-pe each othe It dos mean thayo shoud cotinuay drect theacton o yo piece owads theour ciica tre sqares adkp hem al as nea to he cent you can, coisent with therinteg as litte as poibewith each others' feedom

How to Ply the Oenng

A piece is a moe mobile ha apawn A rook can go as far onemove as a pawn ive Coneuenty it is dagerous to titoo many of you s for paw

moves paiclary in the open-ng stages Whilt you ae labori-ousy pushing o your pawn oesuare a a time, yo oppoenspec, i he plays wel, will ashn ad amog them and do re-mediabe damage Some pawnmove yo mus naturaly mak

as wih the pawns o a sod ine their orgina ak, ony yourights coud come ou youhold keep pawn moves to amnmum, howeve, for at eastthe rs nine o te move movg ony o many pawn as youmus to et al the pieces ou As are wo pawn move ot of the

is eight you mak are scientand three ae he most hat youshold eve aow yourself

As a genera e you shoud



H Mk Gd Ms 5

bring ou st oe or wo paws,then yo ights, then youbishops; he yo should castlead advance yor qeen a ltte

asly bg you rooks o hemdde o yo back rank. 'Nevermove any pece wce, n yohave moved evey piece once, sa od-fashoned maxim fo heopeg whch has much o recommed it Fd a good squaeo each of yor peces ,

where it cases yo opponet asmch oble as possbe havngpaced t thee, leave t or tmeing ess s aaced or diecty threateed he toanohe piece and fd a goodsure or tat ege reoe aaly tempted to move onepece here, hee and evewere

ovr the boad who bnggte others o a al Ts sclearly a mstan polcy, fo ooe pece ca be so woderlywepaced ha as good asou or ve hostle peces alfay wel-paced - howevmay tmes you move t, it canoy end p on oe sae om

which it adaes oe se of powes, wheeas ines o effec omthe more nmeous hosle peceswll crissco the board lelin of from machine soon ederg it dangerous oryo emag pec o veeou at all Look a Dagram 58whee a q is helpess agasa roo ad a bshop becahee s oly one o her

'de Deeopme

The olowing diagram is themos mat in his b. Itrepesen he dea posito yoreach f you oppon aowsyo o pay al the moves recommeded above Se p t piecesas o he sa o he game adconfim ha, movig he vaiospieces in the oder suggesed,

they can podce ths posio ten movs

Dm 131

Dagram 13 1 reveals he idea

deveopmet o he me in whichhey ineee eas with eachothers acto b command thebgges m o mpotasquas Bt oe he worddea Wa is an idea?Somehing always worth stivingo, bt aey ataiabe Thisdea poson ike ha Not oe game ou o a hudred wlyo abe o obain i hdeed, becas yo have a op



6 E Gu o he

ponen sy fog you plans. Ife wee so supd as o alow yoto otan ta deal poson ewoud ave a ey dclgame e woud even ave o evey ulcky no o make a easone move wc unnenonalycompeled some modcaon oyor plns Usualy e wl makesevea You w usaly e aleo place you wo gts yoqueen kng and ooks on e

deal squaes. You sopsmay mee wt oule ut teac a eac as a good alteave pos as expaned ude aeow w ep Yo wl oenave oue w you paws andmay ave o pospone ngnge second p aeas of te sFo exampe suppose yo play

ou e pawn n fon of yorqeen wo squaes st moveand you opponen aswes wa smla move

grm 132

f you now pay ou e secondpawn unngly o poduce

Dagam 3 yo opponen cancape w s.

Yo s udeded; you canno capue so you ave los apawn fo nog s asuaon as ts yo ms sstte some oe move o te panalways seekg fo a cance oge ak o e plan n ts puesto ate on. Sometms yowl ave to pu up w movngone of yo men o a ovosly

no sqae so as o poceedowads e dea w ohemovs wc coud no e madent ma s moved somewee.

Wte as te advanage o hefs move an can usualy getneae o he dea Backwo wl ave to e sasfed w

moe makes and nfeo aeaves.

ust fo Vety

Yo can alow yousef wo depatus om ts deveopmen

a Ee o te wo sopsca go o one sqae futeaway om s ognal staton e can tus sey p a ostlegt as n Dagams 83 and 84

You ca add one moepaw to yor cenral pawnole y payng o ehe of tepaws ed you gs n

Dagam 3 to a squae eeoccuped y a sop s exapaw move mus e made efoeha g comes ou ovousy



H M Gd Ms 97

- ad the bhop whch wouldave occupied hat sue must,f t caot tave (aong i dagoa) oe square beyond, stopoe squae shot.

I songy advie you not tobothe about b unt you havepayed nmeros games based oDagam 1 3 1 wth (a) as te oneand oy xry depare permitted. Te exa pawn move bs jutifed y e p you get o

the cena suaes but eads to aueter, moe dicut and possily less eoyabe game.

The Wee Adms Method

Natraly at every move of everygame yo play, yo mst make

se that you ae ot commgsome eementay lder such asleavng a piece were can betake is s ovou. Moeoverat every move you shold makeas eact ad deep a cacuatio asyou ca to detee what youopponets most lkely epymove wl e, ow you wl an

swe t ad so o cacuaton eveas ceary at yo caw a pee, or may lose a piece,o mate you opponets king, orsometing eqaly dastc, youine of actio s ceay dicated,bt the vast maoty of cases,decsive 'combations lke

these wi e lacking and yo we adrit o a mmee sea ofpossblties May geat payeshave attempted to suppy a dder

fo you boat ad of these I thkhat of a weow Amercanpayer, Weave Adams, s smplest

He ods at for hgs aewot stivig fo: Powe, Molty Optos, and he avodance ofWea P, M, 0, W! tese four lee ad you wlaly foget what they stad for(I fond hem ease to ememras a poouceabe wod

'POWMPow. Easy he moe sqaeand e mo mpotant squaes apiee ommands o the moe mportant the hte men t attackshe geate s i powe Ty to

pla pe o swhere heya most eeve, e. mos powe

Yo men ga n powe asthey dn closer to mpotantenemy u (ee two statements ae ampy exemplfed bythe cocky ittle paw Diagam4 wch y trowg tsef atthe enemy ng, has wo thegame)

A cde asct of powe, bt

oe wch t s poble to foget abactos, s he fact hat apawn is a paw, and a hop s ashop To have won one of yoopponets paw s a soidacievemet ad has itsefoght yo ear to vctory Aa e begnes md it muchmoe diffcult to apprecate ptioal factos suc as welpaedpeces an exposed ng, and suchlike a matea factos sch as



8 E Gude hess

oss of a piece or pawn; so alelementary text books deiberately stress e foer at the expense of the ate. Occasonay

they swing the penduum oo fa,ad he leer acques a mistake disda of maerial power;he ges ino he habt of sacricing a paw o a piee for almostothing A posional advanageis no a advanage a all untiyo have ea wha o do wth

it and my cosideed advie(wch I shold prepared oarge ot wi anybody ogh rns conay o the geneal of ex-book instrction) s tohsband yor men pety parmonousy i you have go 'ge e fl of hem ad havehad a few chans to exploi

positonal advaages whist ffrom disurbg nevos tensioengendered by sarting the whoeoperaio a piece o a pawn o thebad Oherwise whis yourgames may be bold orga adineresing yo may loe fa toomay

A pawns a pawn fo a ha No this dicutA man is welplaced whe hehas feedom of acio, badlypaced when he is hampered andcramped by othe men whetheiends o foe Te effec of ackof mobiiy can be drasic asDiagram 133 ilusates Here

Whie with ook agais igwold ormaly win Bu he acaly lose on accon of e ackof mobiity of his rook which

mpeded by the paws canno besaved fom the atack of eigh

grm 133

Remember o ode emobly of other me besdes one moved

grm 134

Fo inane Whie decides, inDiagram 13 to develop hs

bshop I wold acaly have egreaes mobliy on the squaremad wh an from whchit coud move off again o any of



o o Mak Good Mos

ten differen squares; bu on thaquare t would rob te wherook o ac to ive impoat

squares.A

beter square fo it isthe one ma ked wit a irewhere, houg it has no quite hesame mobiiy itlf, i does notdea rom he mobly of nyfiendy piee

Otons pays to onservevauable opons unt you ae in apositon to make the best of

them Fo nstane one of yourpiees migt ave the optio ofmoving in eiter of two ways,eah of wh migt ause youoppoen roube Either o tesemigh be a bette move han ayohe you ould make bu imight yet pay to od he oponin reseve for the moment o

keep you oppoen o tenterook Perhaps o he vey nex to play, you may d thaone of hem ow wis outright -you would fee sly i you hadmade te oter and aevednohing by !

Converey f hee is aymove you obvously m makesooer or aer it usualy pays odo a oe oterwse you mghhave o make late on when youwould desaey ke to makeanoe In doin this you wil beoseving optonl mov

eknesses This should beear A move howeve good

oter rese mgh have to beavoided f it reates a weain you game, or aows you opponent to ore one

These ou fatos mut beweged up oe agains te otheand also onidered rom your

opponen's poin o view Thus you an fore weasss, o estit he mobiliy of his me orob hem of some or par of teirwr yo ar dong j s was you would be regiseing positve mpovemens in you own P,M, 0, W fators

hus to Diaam 34

aga. In that positon he bakbiop s pned (om this) fWhie moves his bshop o thesquae maked wih an X heunpn the bak bishop ie elea i fo the pin eabing piee whh previousy oud notmove a a, to go on at wil toany o te ive dien squaes

On oe o tese squas, Whiesquee sands and ould ow beaptured We ta a wethedly bad move might be made,qu unsuspetingly throughailg to take the wide vewConsde yo fores as a whole

Conside e situaion quenty and habiualy om youopponens view as we as youown Whit waiting fo him omove, ie from you sea ad ahis as unobrively as possibeof oue o ound d mand have a uiet look at he gamefom side You may at agane stengths or weaesses

his game you ad not previousysuspeed Wa his demeanour a wored ook may revea thahe has difulties you had no



1 E Gui o Che

noced.Above all, keep an l out

look Tose P, 0, M W facosae to be conidered only n he

ig o evey oher pobliy. Dagam 3 Wte's obvi

ou seecion for eithe Powe orMoily would a move wh rook on to one of the openiles. Ths would give he ookseven moe squaes o operae onan he has now. Bu e seiouswea would alow Backo foce y ang e ght nextmove sadding Whie on recaping wih doued and isoatedpawns, compels posponement oe ook move i avou of movng he ig so as o avoid thiscapure

Dgrm 13

In anothe cae he oppostemigh hold; t migh wortwhile sumiting o a smal pemanent weaess o seize thechance o getng in a movewhich epesens a great ncement of power.

Te Weave Adams oulaappies wheneve clean-cut combinaions ae not dscele.

at s i seem a i hazy to

you o you canno see exaclyhow wo, don wory; use i you play acal games and youwl gadaly realse wha a helpi can be.

Even a skechy udetandngof t pnciples oulined in ook wll give you an enseadvanage ove the nauralpayer and aer a few dozengames you may d yourseleang peope who have payedchess haf a lfeme

Some Rndom Good Adice

Neve orget you have an opponen and come so enoed inyou ow plan hat you overlookwa he up o. Always askyoursef when you opponentmake a move Why dd he dotha? You may md you can ignoe hreas fo t momenon the oer and you may have

o atend o them a once.Dont let you opponent dis

trac you y ivial ofs. Ateyou ave won a pawn even f positon is oerwise even youae sil a long wa y from a winheeas, i your peces ae weland powerly placed you canon cash thoug to vicoryquckly Develop your peces ogood squaes n begin to hinko capg maeal!



H M Gd Ms 11

Havg decided on your moveand when jt about to a it,ta a quck glan roud te

board to mae sur you

notcommiing soe sipe blunderleaving a piece to be captred fornotg or overlookg soethg rgent.

Do't play too many gam insuccession specialy i yo losing te d becoing discouraged.

Always to play agastsomeone sightly better thanyourself. Hard yor oppoento coure; you wil sometimeshave to diverge o this plan otof politess. Bt what a goldmm is in ny game

Wht waiting or your oppoent to decide o hs move dont

gaze vacantly into space Doton e oer hnd go into a azeo vage coplicatios on teboard - calculations which cahave ittle vaue if yor opponenths (s is oen he cse) a doegood psibe oves at dispoa

D examine he position in adetached sort o way om tie totie for gnrl charactersticsyo may have overooked in yorprevous precise aaysis. See ithe ast ew ove have introdced soe nexpected actorto he position which yo maybo have overlooed.

ree hings beides orskewer ps overbrdeedpieces etc. to sk or are:

(a) Unguarded or su

ciently guarded pieces Discovered atacs smlar

to dscoverd checks page 3),

where you ucover an aacom oe of your men by ovganother and

c Posble wePlay a e ope ae If you

have jst oved a man at nitself is sually a good reson ornot oving it again or a whie.Use ll yor forcs not jut a par

o them.To beg with you wil wqite a nber o gam by simpy tang advatage o glaringbld on he part of yor opponent you may atack a piecead he ay altogether overlookyour attack allowing yo tocapr it or noth. You wll

not get ar like however andshod always strve to delve sdeepy into the pion s psibe

Aways have soe deniteaim I nybody were to ak yoat ny time Why did yo akethat move? you shold always beable to give n answer.

Given two ovs start a aster cod w every game. Tieis an all-mporant factor. oucn waste time by brnging otyor qee too early in the rayso tat your opponet ca bringout one minor piece aer aotherattacg her all she ca do s to

move away rom te atack eachtme whist your opponet ismobilising his whoe ay aby a. ou ca gn me by



0 Gud hss

fnding useul moves or yoursewhch copel your opponet oake seless ones.

Tie is suc an imporaactor a considered bad owin a pawn akes ore thanree oves to do so. The paw sjst no wor the tme wastedwhc you oppoen, i e owsh business may utlise to movetre oe pieces to theateningpositions o wch tey can

delve a elling blow.Remebe Weave Adams'

ou pots especaly PoweMoblity d Weaess. Playyou me to squaes whee eyae powerul as possbe.Avd w yr wgme. Conveey, y to prvenyou opponets en o gettg to good squares; try to crampis game and ceate and expoweaesses among is en.

t is the ggrhy o a poson whc couns o its hryI yo ave been on the deenceor an ou o oe tha is noeason o eaining on the de

ensive i you oppoen alowsyou a openg or a atack.Dot let depsson aect yourkeenness. Convesely i yo avebeen atacking biliatly tha isno eason o contuing te attack i e best he suatio caealy oe is o gain a sae pawand traspose into a won edgame.

When, nd When oo Exchnge

You wll requeny be oeredte cace o ake a ig in e o a ight o your ow oa pawn o a paw o a quen oa quen o so on. Tis is caedexcanging and it is not awayseasy o decide wee is advsable o not.

Evey excage o sbgs you neare to the endgameconsqueny yo should welcoe excangs on the wholeyou are we-paced or t endgame ad ght sy o e n. Pw cng v aw resul they welcome we you ging toavod ls

general it sogly advisable to seize every sae chance oexcaging pieces wen (a) yoae ateray to te good e.g. apawn p 2-1 bete odds a; o (b) yo are a campedpositio o wen you ave oy

a ew squaes a you disposlte ewer pieces thee eain tose te the less you ee tesotage

Coversely you have eee gme o are maerial downyou sod avoid excagingpieces as a le.

Oter obvously advanageousexcages (a) wen te eemy n s bete placed thanyos b) when the excangeceaes a waess in your oppo



How to Make Good Move 03

ne s posion or emnates oefom yous; or (c) whe you 'gantme by exchangng.

If you ae under aack, you

can often reeve te pressure byechanges a echange ofquees s paticulary ecacou,oe obbng a atack o ssng

As a geera rle when youano mae up your mid at alechange! To go ou o your way

o aod echangig may mea owase tme ad fiter away aniiaie.

Csllg

I oen asked r adce onow and whe o case. A safe

geera e : Case as ey s

coeien o the gsdeVery occasonaly i pays o case on he ueeside usualy wa ew to leang ones bac-rakngside squaes aca for useby peces engaged n a drect atack an opposng g wichhas castled on the kigsde. Slmre rarely i pays o stponecaslng delberaey retanng eopion o casng eter side sohat your oppoent kep n

doub how to dspo hs piecesfor te eenua aaut. geera aod castg wen youroppoent has an open le or dagonal eang o o one or moreo e pawns wch would e ifn o your casd) ng. nne cas ou of en howeeryou sould case py eary

the ngse



9 Chess Ntatin

How o Recod Gmes

When you read ewspaper ormagze col yo wl encounter weird-loo

�

sybolssch as and xf+, ec.ese ae exaples of he noation by wch he mov of agme of chess can be recordedand pesered, n e same way asthe not and chords of a piece of

msic A cess master pays agae; a usca plays a tune each c the aty cn be preserved on par so that teone ca can be conjed upaga by mes of a chessboardand en in e othe by a pao.

Understandng of e system ofnottion is no absoutey essen

tal o an enoymen of ce buit os p sch a faryland ofdeight ta no cess player can excsed for faiing to ea tearly is ceer The syboseable you to crysalise yourideas prsions ad opnonsd o delve easly to the richness of te vs literatue ofchess Every book on chess empoys notation of soe nd adte stdad fo used nowadays

througo he wod is own as'algebaic notaton. Dont be ptoff f yo wee no too ho on

algeb at scl tere is ltleoe nvolved n notationtan thee in eading a A-Zsee ap!

Fs eac piece i epesenedby a sybo s follows:

King Qee

Rook Bishop Kngt

No symbo i sed fo a paw.

Dgrm 135

So ch for e peces Te



Ch Nottion 05

sqr on wic ey ave reidentied y smple grd eeencs if we tke n empyord (Digram 135) he sqe

t e oto ef is , e sqeove tht a2 e nex gong pa3 nd so on ti we ge to hetop let-nd sqe (a8) Movingo h cond fle aong fo hele own he -ilend conan te squas o (at he oto) to 8 t e top)

Moving ong o he le tsold now e esy o idetifye c-e d-ile e-file f-fie, gfie and le You wil noticet te ottom rightnd sqres d he top rg 8 Alat emi now s to pt esymols o he piece togeew te sqes. in te nex

diga f Wte open wih (eac move is preceded y ne of ta move) en we seehat h pwn moves o itsogl postion wo sqowad

Dgrm 13

I Bck were o epy . . 6hen e ollowing pion woude reced w te wte pawhving moved o e2 to e4 dhe ck ig om g8 to 6

Digrm 137

Now le sy ht White de

fended h pw y movg isig om to c3, wten as 2c3 nd Blck ponded yadvncing te pawn in on ofh qen wo sqar fowad 2. . d We woud now ec efolowng positon

Digrm 13



06 E to hss

If Whte were to exchangepaws ere ths would be wrtenas 3 exd5 te piece or pawmaking he capture s dened a

capture sign ( inserted and hesqure on whch e capture smade identied

Reay tht is al ere is to al-geraic nottion O occsionyo ay d tht two whteigts or exampe migh eae to trave to e sae sqarein wic cae they are dsn

gised y the addtion of he ileon wic ey stred off egd or bd or i ey start onte same fe the nber of herank ey depart rom s sed n-stead eg 2d or 6d

Oher sybos are oen sdas sandard abreviatons:

+ CeckGood move

Brat ove? Bad ove?? Blunder ? neresting move? Dbos oveep en passat

= Te posiion eqal« Te position s ncear Wte stads sgly etter± Wite stas mc t+- Wite is wing Back sads sgl ter+ Back stds mc ter+ Back is wig

Now e s examine two compee (albeit very short) gaes inagebrac noaon Usay

We's moves are printed avertcal comn on he e andBacks n anoer com on herght Even i ere are whoe

paragraps o notes and comens etween te moves yocan aways see wheter a move isone o Wites or Blacks y o-rving weer i s placed to erg or he left o he com oprin Fit a ridco gae(the sortest possie in wichWite cos sucde

White move he pawn ront

o is kngs shop owrd onesqua

Tis is a ove by Back o

corse since t is prted o heright o e column o prin

Back ove e pawn ront oh ng forwrd one square2 ?? 4 me

Dgr 13

Verify hat We is nowmated H kg is aacked by eqeen e canot ake e qeen



Ce Notaton

or inepose oe of s own en twn her ad h ng eanno ove hs king o f sinehe queen ould sti aptre hee ad he anot ove theng to any of he oter ousquaes next o hi on e boadbea tey ae eh oupedby on of hs own e Nex weshal give aother be gaewhih ilusrates the dager abeier s avod

e is oe of the wo vey besovs whh Whte an ake toope e ae I a oe he way for either hs qu o hiskngs bshop (on ) to oe inoatio; ad i prees on tosquares in e ee of the boardw ost poat as we

ave aeady Sn Probaby Baks bt response

or uh th sae easons2 c d63 5

Not realy a good ove or equeen s too vaable a piee totrow to he gae at su aneary stage bt it does hatensoething vry npleasant whak overooks here

3 c6??This is ofen a exelet

ove but not ere ma

This ate (sown Diaga

140) is ow as fls(sors) ate ad you souldlea ow to avoid i Ataly i

s qie siple o bak to heseond ove (af e4 e 24) ad pay 2 f6 This san eeet ove fo ak ineynin gaes out of a hn-dd ad you should aways akt a a early stage unless ter isa powef o why o toNow Whie anot play 3 asyou woud aptre e qeen d3 ds not thrate e f-pawn beause he way is bloked

by e ight.

Dagram 140

I he r of this book algebra oaon s eely sd. Yousod patie t ad it inyo own ga patularly iyo re playg agains te lokand requir a reord of he nber o ov ta have beeplayd Mh pleasure and stion a be gaed by payg yor ga over again ate-

wards and rejoig ove yourbriis or ding where youwet wrog



1 0 Basc Endgame Moti

Nw we can acle me tcwhch wuld hae en dct exla befre we uded

he

The Oosion

Dgrm 141

i an een nbut it Bck s trn t mveWhite cn wn Al the awn arebced and immabe, anly e k can me r hemment and hweer Backme h ki he n reent Whe kn hereun adancn a black quare bede ne f the black aw, andcauri that aw et me I

the black n rerea theih he whte e adace the ef and vice vers he w

m cme a flw �e62 �S �d73 �xbS �d6 �b6 �d7 5 bS �d86 �a7

and Black cant ree ewhte aw queenn wt ree

m567

bS�a6b6

�dS�e�x

and he whe awn qeen tw mre me, werea Bacreq e e w the n,

et the way the awn,and fr w he aw

On the her hand iWhte t t me e whmut e (a b ande cannt bly wn unleBac make me bad bldhi lae he , arelae tua the w nwhc able e ne wh nt t me make rd ward e er



Bc Egme M

Dgrm 12

Dgrm 13

Dgrm 1

T wo aic optiopitio a hown diag42 ad 43 To av o mov

o ho poito i ohav o giv goud sng xio o t

ida own Daa 44,wh whov ha o mov muvtally giv gound cawhav owad mov mak i oppo ca ga hoppoiio y tng p a po

io c a Diaga 14 Sppos i Whi Ih play1 �3 Back pl 1 �5 i pay �d3 Black pli �d5 O �c3 coms �c5 ach c Whit o h xmov ms gv way ad alowBack o advac capt a pawnst ad win Whv a oddum o a a tkg ( ne n Diag 41ad hree n Dagam 144, whov movd last p toppoitio ad h oppot a at o y to movmu oo o la giv goud

Th c o h oppoio

diappas mov a availaly oth pc o paw it powl (ad dcid th o gam a w av) wh oy kig mov ao

Queenng Sole SuingPw

H i a ypical ad mpoaxamp o oppotio



1 E t hess

(Diagram 1) Obviosly Whteis stving to force hs paw onwads to te back ank o po

mote it to a qun and en wBack s tryg to preven hisand, i e sould succeed wouddaw the game. Whoeve can'gain te oppositon achev isam If i is Whes move heplays � and ca win Backcan only eply move to eS ogS

Dagram 14

I e goes to eS Wite pays 2�g7; if he goes to gS Whepays 2 �e7 eithe Blackca do noting ereafe o prevnt the pawn marchng sagog to pomoion Noe haafe f, Whe woud be nofoader if ony Back were nocompeled o move te weking coud not advance o any ofe tee squrs n on of him

fo ey ae a gurded by eback kng Back smply because e as to move must gveup conol o one o em and

alow Wite to pus aduppose t s Blacks move

sead of Whites te dia

grammed sition. Now he

seize the oppostion nd dog sos eog wi ce subseqenty to secue the draw: �g! The pay is a ite moecompcated bu the foowingpossbe seues show how Backas awys a defence if he tkescre to kp te opposion nd

never aows Wie to gain teoppostion agast a) 2 + < 3 5 !

� �8 5 �Ay oer egal move wod

aow Back to capte the pawnbu ps taemaeDrawn game! Had Black moved3 �gS? stead of 3 � he

woud ave os �g � �e7 (e ony move �g7 andWite ueens e pawn nexmove

Oen s gven a maximat e deende aways sece is eav-sen staemate inhs of ending f e pawngves check to im as i gets oe seventh ank i e pawn getssaely on to e seven wthoutchecng as in e ast ineof pay sown e is ost Bu tsis ony anoer way of saying ate is safe wist e keps te oppositon fo the paw can onyge ely on to te sevent rank

wou checkng him i e asost te opposion. Verify isNow o eamine nothe e

of play wic migt ase fom



Bac Endgame Mts 1 1

e darammdostion af

Black's ial I . �g7 :

() 2 hS 6 (atenngo ak he pw, so a Whte'srepy forced 3 g (theone move whch eabes m ogan e opposo g, by4 .g7 f Whe com fowdo g5) 5 e ! 6eS e7 nd Whe s hepe; he advanc e pawn e onypay s smar o that o varaton

(): 7 6 8 s (othwsethe pawn s capued ad weave reached exactly the sameposo aer move 3 of vaon (

If e ave s not cer, wqucky become so f yo s upe poston o Dgrm 145 andke eac sde n aganst a

id g ou your movescarefuly d each yg o makee most of chacs

Queenng Lone Pwn

I you are e t he end of agame wth sge paw, eveyoher man o eer sde (exceptof cose, e wo kgs havgbn echged off never mveyur awn unil yu hae ushedur kn asarward as ssble with safe I pshngyour kng fowrd, you gan theopposon wel nd good yo

mus w ules you make a badsp On he other hnd, f youroppoent gas e oppostonyou sl have a chnce of wn-

g f you c e ke uepw mv r sts ebude of he move back to youopponen You ae sad o hveregaed e opposo' now ts e wo has o make he eang kng moe f you mde oeeesy pw moe ealy o,yo may hve os e cnce ofths or f he paw oo coseo he gs wen they cash nopposon as n vao (a

above movg t does ot help

Th Unqueenble RooksPwn

soltry ook's pwn cn never qun f he defedng kgcn reach e qnig sqae

e atckng kng canot pvet te deender fom pygbckwrds nd forws fom hequg squre o the exsquare o the rak Faly, f hepw s broug p we ge poson suc s h of Dagram6, were Whe must ethergve up hs paw or concede

slemae If e wee otherle o e ght o e blck kngthe g woud have to move onto nd wold ose, as the whekng cold en mve forwrdnd he pwn cold be qeeeb there s no fe o go to, Blck ges drw by salemae

Nor ca rooks pawn quee fhe deendng g can rap eoher ont of , Dagram47 Back, to pay goes I ...



12 Guide hess

cs and now 2 would alow2 . bS d . aS wh adraw a in the tion o theigt wl 2 aS cs wouldleave te whte king rapped exactly efore.

Dagam 1

Dagram 1

King nd een v King ndPwn on the Seenh Rn

Ealier we aw ow eay it wa togive mae wit a qu Ev if

Black (a Diagam 14S) a apawn oly one move of iqug quare, a whte qu ualy preven it queening, and then delver mate Exact play i necey ce yogve Black e eat cace ewll qeen h paw and enwt kig and qu o each deog ut a daw coud eexcept i exaordy circumanc

Dagram 18

Diag S Whe ca wa olow: 1 4 b d3�1 3 "3 �d; ow Wte

a a move to pare a Blackcnnot qeen paw wioutt geting e king ou of eway, o 4 �b7! e 5 "4 6 d3 �e 7 e3 �dad ow oce again the whtekg can aey come a quareeaer y 8 6. We e witeking tmaely ave i i allover

Th wing metod faiagaint a r's awn r a



Bic ndgame Mt

bish's awn, w pove eoal as Agas a pawnon any ohe le e qee

wn b see wa appens n hease o a oos pawn (Dagam9

Dagram 19

1 .0 �b b3 �a anow e bla ng s saemaeso ha We maes a movewh ng e oees a awTee s no way o wng

Te ase o e bsops pawn sown e e agam

Dagram 150

Hee 1 �a 3+�b 3 b3+ �a! an Weap e pawn Ba s sae

ma

A Lone Knight Cn Sto Pwn

A solay g we one neaenog an peven a pawn sppoe by a ng om qeeg

To ape e paw i e mBla an ope o a galone an neve mae weease qn w We wooban e we aow o pomoe pawn ol mae Blaeven agas he g Weano n any way avane hepawn wo s beng ap

Ts s e eve agans a pawno e oos le wh emos sope bease e gsmovemens ae mpee by eege o he boa

Diagram 151

In Dagam 5 We an



14 E Gu to he

rv g frm th mm f 6 by �b5 f ftrth rpy , th pwnwr vnc kng npwn wu b frk by 2 c7+ Wrvr Wht pys sg h g lwysmmn squr n n f

th pwn r k, r rtn frk th kng n pwn f h lttr vns Ts s t ppyf pw n rk's f slry r svnt rfr r s squr frm wt g frk th wsqurs b7 8



1 1 Stanar Openngs

Mo ato has b dvotdto h opngs tha to ay othpar o chs th cors o

ctres ltaly o caslsspmt can opgshav crysalsd ot as th bestad y hn ls th alatacto o h gm sch ath ndlss possblts o varato o vry mov ha w rstll ab o say hat any partcua o s the b

Fo nsac a play opnswth 1 e4 ad h oppot rpls kws wth 1 •• eS thgeal consess o opo sthat th olowg s h st coato o boh Black adWht: 2 c6 3 bS a6 4a4 6 5 0-0 e7 6 e 7

b3 6 Ts opnng s ownas th Cosd vaao o th RyLopz Spash Og

O th ohr had atr 1 4th olowng ar estmd to be : • 5 2 4 6 6 4 gS e7 5 e3 b7 6 0-0 7 c c6 8 3 xc4 xc4 S 10 xe7 xe7 1

xc3 2 xc3 eS 3 xeS xeS14 xeS xeS 5 4 ad so o s cald th Ohodoxvaato o the Qus Gamb

ced Ev thogh thesmov wold pobably gt a goodmb o votes n a popuay

cmpag ot o tclagam a housad olows hmal h way ad may ladgmasts wold vot o ohstad Why s ? Smpy bc chss hods sch ntl yvard poblt so may opp o dvgc

ar ov 72,0 drtways o playg h t oumoves ao two o ach sd)Ts s a magc thng I ww v ab to pont to ay onpatcua a o movs ad sayTs b mathmacallysabshed as h bt wouldbe a bad day o chss bt th

s sk o ths vr happg

The Nmes of he Oenngs

T prcpl o opg playoed Chap 8 wl akyou alog way b, as h op

gs thmsvs sm o hav agea ascao o ls adyou wl soo wa o study hmmo mthodcaly I shall go o



116 E Gude hess

soe deaiRy Loe (or Sanish) O

g 1 eS 2 c6 3 bSVery sond and olar forWe a a leves.

Goco Piao 1 eS 2 c6 3 c4 Sond u sodgyfashoale at gradaserleve

or Fo Kghs Oeng 1 e4 eS 2 c6 3 c3.Unl reny considered vey

dl b ow fashoabe de ohe ngish grandmastes ShorN ad Chader.

Scoch Oeing 1 eS 2 c6 3 4. We ges ieceso wel b offers tle hindrace o Black dong likewserecey ansfoed as an aackng weaon y word chamio

Gay KasarovPeof s Defence 1 e4 eS 2 6 Prevousy houghdawish u ow ayed by mayeersing ayes

Greco Couer-Ga 1 eS2 S. vey u very rs

Viena Oeg 1 eS 2c3 Cocaed bu no ofe

ayed by grandmasersKgs Gabi 1 eS 2 4.

Doubfu u ectng has somerlia offshoos

French Defence 1 e6 Backs sighy cramed u wil sooanch a coneratack

Sician Defence 1 cS Themos livey !gs awn oegsua choce of Kasarov forerwold chaio Boby Fischerad mos of he words eadng

aackng ayes.Co-Ka Defence 1 c6.

Fary soud but stodgy.Prc Defece 1 6 2 4

3 g6 Coneraackingfancheo oeg.

Mode Defence 1 e4 g6 2 4g7. Vey slar to Prc Defece o whch t often sos

Cee-Couer Game 1 S.Soid u no vy ouar

amongs adases.Alekhines Defce 1 6Ingeous u aga o ofenlayed a he hgest eve

ach of ese is characersedy he as ove give hus i Whe wh decides wheher agame sha be a Ry oe or aGoco Pano by moving 3 �5

or 3 �c4 as hemay bBlack who choos a Sicilia Defence y laying . .. c5 orFech Defece y aying

e6Of he aove e Ruy oez

Frech Caro-Kann and Scianare eae oegs givg eceen rosecs o he ayer

who ados th The others areerhas sghy inferor bu hedifferences are sgh ad youhave o e a sog layer o arecae e oely Ooted coens gve a roghdea of the gera characer ofeach oening hey shoud n beake oo serosly For stancehe sodgies oeng may avesome brilia lnes of lay ad asoud oening ay be r



trd Oenngs 7

fey good aga any but oneatilar ely.

If he ove d4 we

veQue Gabt DeinedOodo Deene 1 4 2 c4e6 3 c3 6 Sound on hd

Qun Gambit Deed Trra Defene 1 4 2 c4 e6 3c3 c. Ideal for aye whoke oen oiio.

Quen Gambi DedSlav Defee: 4 2 c4 c6Sligly iveer fo Blak the Oodo.

Qeen Gambit A 4 2 c4 xc4 A ie dobtor Bak he coned omeono of the ene

Alb oune Gabt 4

2 c4 e eting bu with aate ay Blak hold ge ieo he aw aried

o-dian Defene 1 46 2 c4 e6 3 c3 �4 Qiteoibly te b ine fo Bakvery our.

Queen Idian Defene 46 2 c4 e6 3 6 A oid

hoe vey olr amongaater

Kng Idian Deene 1 46 2 c4 g6 3 c3 �7 oidered totaly nond for deadhe beae the mo olrdeene o Favoued by ayer g o avod a draw a iroduce bokd ito wih

ofe o or manoeuvred Deene 1 4 6 2

c4 g6 3 c3 5 A omliaed

bu wel regrd deeneMode Boni Deene 1 4

2 c4 3 Blak

ghty ramd b h anof ave ounelayko Gabi 4 6 2 c4

3 Vey aggrsive buterha no qute oud

Bda Gabi 4 6 2c4 Good for Blak oy fte e o ke he gabaw

Dut Defene 4 Aonter-atak ending hargde ay deveoent oBlak unide end ag

Of ee, the oud e udoubedly e Queen GambitDeclined Orhodo Deene eQen Gamb Din SlavDefene e NoIdin D

fee he Qe India Defee t King dia Defenead e Grned Defee TheAb oner-Gambt i heo ound or e ayer whomak e haraerti oe ofcoe)

Tere e oer quite ondaleve fir ov or te

egEgh Oenig 1 c4. Often

ayed by Karov nd foerwod haion Aaoly Kaovad

R Oening 1 A omewha vague oening 24 d2-d4 or e2-e4 i ualy ayed aewa o he ame oion ofte eahd a when heawn move cded he ghtmove



1 8 Gu t e

There s also he none toosound but vely

Bd's Opeing: 4 ad its

even veier ofshooFom's Gmbt 4 whichwoud bete be named FomsConte-Gamb as we usualycal i a cuntergambit whe t sBack wo sacfcs

So we have outied some ofte mos popua openngs buttere ae s many offshoos of

te openngs to be caaloguedAough i woud obviousy beouside te scope of lebook o examne any deai weshal biey decribe a fewpopula on, takn at radom

The Kings Gmbi(1 e4 e5 2 f4)

Back do s to accep egamb by 2 " ex4 Now Whiteypcaly go a out o quckdevelopmen uualy playngf3 c4 00, a ful speed hed4 ad captung t gambtpaw on f4 wh his quee'sbishop His quee goes to e2 ond s quees ook sualy toe I Te basc dea o he openigs an atack on he paw on byWtes kngs bhop on c4 adhis kig's ook, o s kngs rookand quee n coaborao aloge on fe

Back has a choce of wo costig systems of defece Hecan ty o potect e gmbpaw by g7 g5 n whch case

Whe ote chalege he potecig paw by 24; o he capay d7-d5 couesaifcng

ts paw f necessay ad secrng a e mobe deveopme of a s pieces

The Sicin Defence(1 e4 c5)

If We oms o pay d2d4, he

gme takes o a sow rae soidchaacte whch eed no toubeBack much Bu if Whte paysd2d4 Black capes w s cpaw ad ow as an open cfewhich he shoud eloit engecaly as poble by pacngh qu s rook and quee o tmanuvrng a ig o c4 ad

o Hs kng' s bsop s oenwel deveoped on g7 (ate g7g6) h ohe bihop ca go ethe to b o o e6 s kngsgh o 6 h ngs rk (aer00 to d8

Dagram 15



tandard Oenng 119

Black suld pay d7 d5wen he ca d s saey Da-gram 152 shws a typcal devel-pmet f

and a sasac

ty ne n te case whch re-quetly ccrs, whe he can t

White usualy strves r c2c4; e ca ay ts saey s tepaw can sualy held tereand caps Black's efts n tecfle grppg hm n what sw as he Maczy Bd'

naed afer the Hugaan mas-ter wh discvered is pwer)We cases te gside lkeBack ad attacks te ceneand n te kng s wg te mve4f5 ng a ypcal clat s preparans

The Queens Gmbi(1 d4 d5 2 c4)

he Queen's Gabit Accepedas te dsadvanage ( Black)f petng White ge e2 wel d2d4 al wt-u hndrance hg We bespreced e2e4 by 3 f3 pre-

ven 3 . e5 a cnersacrce effective as Black's ... d5 he Kg's Gabt etinedabve) In the Gambt DeclnedBlacks eary ... e6 rathe b-strcts he develpent hisqueens bsp the ateative .c6 he lav Deence eav te

way clea fr Blacks qeensbshp bu is t significantlysuperi.

Why Blck Cnno Kee theQueens Gmbi Pwn

T cal hs penng a gabt' snt sctly cect, r ay atemp by Black t ean tea aw ees wh dsehs (aer 1 d4 d5 2 c4 dxc4

3 bS

Bette than 4 e4 f he speca

purps f pnshng Black'swng meds c6

e best way prepangaganst Whtes next

5 5 . bxa4 wud leave all fu

Backs qeensde ptly islated ad wea

6 xbS cxbS6 . xb5 wuld islae te cpaw leavng weak and expse the qeen t atac

7 s

Dagram 1

7



120 Gu t he

Dected agast he possibiyof 8 f3 which would simtaneously reaen 9 xa8 and 9x7+. 7 .. 6 deveops a pieceand screes e -paw. I 7 .b to scee he ook instead,Wie poceeds 8 b3 cxb3 9b3 as n e game

S b3 cxb3

Obviously foced, for paw was atacked ree imover d even wee i give etra

poecion now (eg by 8 . e6)i would on y

protected wice b3

Dagram 154

Treaeig 0 xb5 + and 0x7+; Black canot preventboh of hese so ms re hepawn He has herefoe loosenedhis position fo o good reason

The Nlzondn Defence(1 d4 2 c4 e6 3 c3

The mai idea of his defece iso iefere seosy with

Wie's playg e2-e4 By 3b4, ping Wes qsgh, Black redes lsory heghs guard over e4 - do yoremember our rem abo thepied igh Diagram 8? -so tha 4 e4 would be answeedby 4 e4, smply and saeyBlack oen ollows up wh .b7-b6 and . b7, o get a urherpchase on Wies esqareHe mus be prepared to echange

s g's bshop fo he gh itis ping, exriece havigshow hat the eec (in e cen) o this exchange justi ispatg wth one of is bshops.

Trs

evey oig here exis a fewexraordinay raps' wherebycetain mov receve drscpnishmen. As a ule, is asightly bad move whch s puishabe in way bu occasionaly a move wich odycould ccise on geneal goundsca ruthessly exploited by a

sees of orced mves A aeample, ake the Noahs Ark'tap, so called beleve) o accoun o is niquiy

This occrs i he weowopeg ow as e Ruy Lopez,aer a great Spsh payer ohat ame who lived in he fieen ceury. We have areadygiven oe vaiation of the RuyLoz We now dverge aWies ifh move



tad enng 1 2 1

2 lo3 .bS

a5 l 6 d4

7 b3

c6a66bS

sees a vey natalmove here, but as a coequeceof he ap we re goig to showWie woud be ter advised toplay 7 dxe5 ead couteg

Back's hrea to is bisop wa heat o Blacks ght.7 ex8 x

Ohewse he jut loes a paw.8 x9 x

Thgs do o look too bad. c5

Daam 1

B ow Whies quee s attacked; wherever e reeats i,

Back cotues wh 0 ... c4ext ove ad e bshop owatacked has o escap ad lost

To avod dsaster througtraps sly cvae a sodstye of play. s w co

aualy to you yo ave assiated te advce Capers6 7 ad 8 ad yo w be preseed om he maoriy of tps.Scondy wen yo ecoertess d wt o rse aboveDagram ad its accompyg m, sudy boo oche opegs l by ha

waever few stock raps exs he ptcur ogs yo adopt.

The Psychological Factor

Betwee best lie i oig ad scores f vriatosaisg it here may be oy

e sghes derece. Becaeyour oppoet a hua begcodemed to d a good eplyto each of you move wt aiied te a ieror movewic catch awares mayroube o a perfectygood move e s prepr for.

Oher factors come . dvdua sye s o uch accout ches. Yo c pick p a gamescore yo ve eer e beorepay ove d say ' hk thts oe o Alekes games ustas you cold ideify a owpiece of music as Debys. Oepayer wl aways fee pper

wih peces sug abot he boardi a wld atack other whoprefers solid quiet play, will eelprofoudy comortable st



122 y Gue to Che

such a piton, even hough haackg chances mig be suficieny good o gve hm hebeter prospecs. openingwhich s good agais the tmay be bad agas e second. fyou opponen is il-aease because of e whole 'fee of aposion is ie conoaion ohm o ow vaguely ha somewhere in some book whose namehe cannot ecal eve we e

alowed o leave he boad oconsu i some master as demonsated tha ae the pecsemove you ave jus played i ispossle o gan a deinite advantage y jus one paticula ta ofsix or seven seect moves. Eventhe mases ae from omnscien on te opngs they ae

ony uman (a fac wch occasionay eems to cause surprise.Te famous maser Taasch once'caugh ou an opponen in heopening w a vaiaion he adpreviouy anaysed prvatey fowee wg a piece and egame. Te game won grea publiciy and Taaschs Tap became famous ovegh. spteof his a ew yeas ater anothemase fel headong into he

same ap and los a piece n theexac same way. No maserows evy opeg some owsisingly few. Oer aewaking encycopaedias on hesujec bu have os as wel asgaed thoug concentag soehauively on one pacuapa o he game



(

2C

qevo

12 Poes a acca Pay

Chess rbems

Chess probems fo a bach othe game so dsinct a keenpoblemiss may not pay apope game o yeas. Mostche addics, howeve intespese poem-sovg witgae play d ge al e moeou of chss heeby. On hewhole poblems eceive moe

suppo om the newspape cesscoluss che play moe fomhe cus.

A che poblem cossts of adiagamed postion in wichby saring wh one paricmove Whe ca cecae hoppoent within a stpulatedmbe o moves in e face owaev dece e ate maypu up. That oe ina move the 4so1ution' o key-move okey o he pobl. No othemove wil do

The a o che poeconss making key hevey las move you would expeco inodcing beauful o sbtlepay Black aking ceve atemps a defece whch Whiebllany fstaes. Hee is a

v smple pobl: Whe toplay nd mate in wo moves.

Diagam 56

Note by e way ha poems Wte is amost aways egded as playg up the boad

The key is I c2; thee olows

I ... bxc2 2 mate You wodno expec tha the only way ohie o foce mate in two movesis o allow Black o cape his pece. Bu i s so Oemoves by he ook wold allleave Black saeaed moves bythe wte kng o bop woldeihe allow e black kg o aain feedom the ppe pa ofhe boad o eve if they wee okeep him moe o ss conined



126 Gud to h

to goT baty o h problm is

ca Wi maks two appaly sial moves sccessio Oy hus ca h gv mato h h if h aopts ay ot mros appaly saralttivs offr hm h lossa chac o attig his goal

Th try or aly-asoltoby 1 �b5 s ptcaly aactiv a v pr sovs might ta ths is thkymov ovlookg th actha Blak y o sprsbrsorc ca postpo mat bya almpott mov

Dot ack ay mat r prm tl yo havsolv orty o ffty mat wo' Yo wl oly rak yor

at a goo hmov mayak v a xpr two ours tosov th t-movr w havst al wth h w myotr atatv possblis wav ot toch o Yo al lo by wog h ot atls or og h sam whotr poblms, of wich yoow t kymovs

Do his wt Dagams 175 a17 at o Do't b asha oflkg p th ky-mov f yo to sov o wih hf or or so ot too azyto gv i horogh xmatioa tat Rmr tht tre sa aqat rpy o ry movBlck mak aswr to thkymov so ak t om m

that o otr t mov by Wh

apa om h gv kymovwill solv h polm A sco

solo or cook' as t s calis rga s a sos blmirrig th poblm worthls

Waing Pobems

h xt ag shows a sg typ o prom cal awatg problm o war

ompod J A W Huntr n18.

Dagram 159

Sppos fo a momt tha

wr Baks to play sof ts w wl o amao tat whatv mov wr o mak Wht ol mathm py g

I . . mov 2 J4 mat 1 . c+ 2 3 mat 1 . . J2 2 Jx2 ma (t

ck bshop g p)

1 . J3 2 c mat



Probl a Practical Py 17

f 1 ... 2 f5 mate.If .. :(f)anywhere ee 2

f mae.f 1 ... 2 f mate. ... 5 2 xg5 mae.If aywere 2 :e7 mate.f ... d4 2 7 mate.

ee eadymade matng vation ae caled 'et mat.

No moe ove fo Black aepsibe and o appany al

Wie d o do i to d omewatng me wic eav eituato enaly uateed.What about c2 o, theewould te be o mate afe I . .d4. Sly fai to povide fo 1 .. 7 nd 1 a o Ic3 fo 1 ... d.

Te move wich olve the co

undm ad conequey ekeymove of the pobem i 8! A glnce it mightem exraordiy at ti bahfuookg etemet ito hecoe whch threatens nthng,aciev omeing wic oeof te mny ioe aeaiveca ecomp Black down

fa two mov. Thi i excelet exmpe of e riciaity nd beauy of ce pobem.

omeim i a pobem eveyBlack move i he ogial pitio wi ave been pvded foa above but ee i o perecwaitig move by Wite; e keymove wil abado oe omoe of e oga atigcombiatio eplacig themuualy by moe pecacula oe.

eve a moe beau tof pobem caled a mutate

O mat cn be ateredby e keymove i a probemwich ot a wae a al tey al cae canged maad e pobem a cagemate.

Zugng

Tough o ave he move i ch

i, ie uded nd nnetyietim out of a ound a advanage exceptioal piionexit wee i i a liabiliy deve we ave ee wen codeg diag 11 nd 4, afaa liabty. A paye who nthe uonae uatio of avig to accelee own down

fal by makng a move i aid obe 'movebound o 'n Zugzwag a Gema wod menng'movecompuio. Ude du i aote good tem. Teext diag ow a caic tance of i tate of affarwic occued i a mae gamein 92. Black ow we I ... 6

leavg Wite movebound.Wite qu ha evea

psible move ow but al aeobvouy uicida. Let u exe Whie ohe poibe moveoe by oe; we a a ecn oy bg about owndownfal

2 c3 o 2 a3 2 .. bxc3 o 2... bxa wn a piece.

2 c3 bxc3 a piece.2 c1 xb win a piece.



128 Easy Gude o he

2 e I-anywhere, 2 . e2 winsthe queen

2 g �x win a pece the ed

2 W 5f3 whic, siceWhite's ngs bishop is owpied, wins the queen

2 �f 5f wns he queen2 g4 5 and wis he queen,

snce 2 �x would alow mateby 2 Jh2

2 h 5f �xf xf; Blackws quee and bishop fo woooks, sice te atacked queenhs ow no cape

2 �xb4 �xb wns a pece

Dagram

Te esson of ese posions save a mena ook a evey

posiion om your oonent'ont of vew He may be suffeig fom diculties of which, bufo s suey, you would obecome awae this, as i manyoe ways, chs s a mavelous

raiig fo e problems of oudaily fe

How many fightfu bunders,

of neatoal magiude coudave bee avoded i he pas, only omeboy ha ut hmse nthe othe man oston

A Typic Scificil Ackgins he Csled Kng

his book, have dea maiywh smpe pcipe voviga few peces a a time, becausetey are he easies o undesadand he pcples ivoved i themos compicated postio aeoen compounded of vey smpleeemes Bu shoud disappot, were not o gve a leasone exampe of the beautiposibities hat arse toug hecoordiaion of severa peces

Dagam

Hee a ather more compcated type of hng a aackwhich can easiy develop ou of

he opeg and whic itoducea bishop-sacrifce payable suprsgy oen we Backs



12 Probles and Pactcal Pay

Chess Probems

Chess prbs fr brh fhe ge s sn h keepbess y n ply pper ge r yes. Msss s, wever nerspese prbesvng wge py ge l he reu ess hereby O hewe, prbes reeve re

supp he ewspp hessss he py re rhe ubs

A hss prle sss f ge psn n whby srtg wt e prturve Whe n hee ppne whn spler f ves n the fe f

whever eene he er ypu p. ne n ve she sl r keyve' rkey' e prle. terve w

e rt f ess prbesnsss n g ths key heve ls ve yu wl expe

r ng befu r sulepy Blk kg ever eps eene whh Webrlnly rsres Here s

very spe prb We py n e w v

Dagram 16

e y e wy, h n pbes Wh s s wys regre s pyg up he br

he key s I 2 here fws

I ... x 4 e. Yu wul expe h the ny wy frWhe re e n w vs lw Blk pure hs ee Bu s s Oherves y te rk wl leve Blk see ves bye whe kng r bsp wueer w e bk kg e he upper p fhe br r even hey were keep h re r ss fne



124 Gd to

towards he lower par, neverrender t possibe to mate nex move. For ntance: �d3a 2 h+ a5 etc or c64 2 h+ a5 In s later'varation White cn now matey 3 a4 ut as he has akenthee movs insead of he stpuated wo he has no solved theprobem.

A Comlex Tree-Move

roblem

Space beng rescted, I cannogo nto probems at ength btwil pass on at once to a typicalycompex thee-mover. Dagram57 s no ordnary prolem bone of the ever composed.

Whie has to play nd mateBack n thee moves.Examining te position as f

had been reched n an ordnaygame wethat Back s theatenng to queen pawn nexmove the oer hand hs ngs n a coer, where any piece sa a dadvntage, and may re

ceve a dicovered check om theshop at any moment hroghthe ght, which now scrns from e bshop, movng awayTwo peces sch as ths ghtand bishop which re postedready to deliver a dscoveredcheck, are said to fom aate.

omposd Kppng

Diagram 1

From hese s advanagesWhte can uld p a rilianforced mate

Sppose we cape te pawnwhen eens d4+ a7 2

f3 xa6 what now? d4 a 2 c2 g and Blacis theating to recapte teight which capues his pomoted pawn

neither of ee cas, nd inno way y nterferng wth eng of te pawn can Whehope o wn the game at al et

aone mae Bac wihn a fewmoves Nor is it any se discoverg the bhop chec on the smove in any oher way Tral these statemens Wemight al so of other movey the ishop or ghts and mdhem al wantng For nsnce �xg2 e ges nowhere Whe might acaly os

What of a move y he whiteking such b5. Ths threa



Problms and Pratal Play 12S

s 2 �b6 ar which Black istretened by mte in no fewrth nin dret was, amly c7 or y ny one of theight dirt pil mov othe oher ight whch discovrcheck om th ishop.

W sould v o vywide-awk to discovr the onedrawck to I �bS s a keymov: the rply I . Jg8 Now i2 �6 %c8 terfeng wth

every oe o the hetenedmats or i c7+ %xc7; d the othr ight mov to discovr chck he rook cn intrpos postpong h mat or omov (hr is an esential drnc twe pay and prols player wod sy 'Wht s thedierence? mate next mov iy cs whs a probemtwod reply t s mat in the moves, no o, and hr isall th drnce the worldNor wold ay ohr scondmove by Whit aer I .. g8vai so I �S cnot be thkmov

t is ! apprnt thmost scida mov on th bord allowing Black to qee hs pawwih check Now aer I ...e()+ White mst ot nevos and rply with 2 4+ orther wold thn e no mat r2 <a7 He mst camly proceed 2 6 invtng or mor

diferet checks from the lckn and one om the rooevthing is nt and hrmonios.

W ld to or dlight hathe weter of thats w mtond whn considrng I �S possle y mov s nowsicient to cop wh thnghe ew-o qn can achievT (ing h moves I S+ 2 6 av n mdwheher th nw qe chcksalog i or a dagonl Whitecan intpose h ght discovig check and mte ch brl

iant contersrokes ar rr ingms Oe o th positonswhch mght rlt is show inthe xt digrm.

Dagram 8

Gong bck to he originalposton o Dgrm IS7 ocos Blck in reply to the keymove I aS nd not promotethe paw W ond ht g8saved him t I <bS Does itnow? No! I S Jg8 2 d4<7 5 mt W cold notgive this mat beo cas thwhit kg stood on he sre towhich th ight ly wantd



26 Gud t hss

to go.Te beuy of e probem s

cer. White mes two ppr-enty scil moves in succes-

sio. Only thus cn he give mteon te t if e opts ny ofhe neos ppenly sfeleives offere m he lesl cnce of tg s gol.

Te y o nerlysoto'by \b s pculry tctive n even experience sov-es mght sse h ts s theeymove overlooing he fcttht Bc by one supersbteresouce cn postpone me byn llimportt move

Don tcle ny mte nthee problem ntl you hvesolve foy or fty mte two. Yo wil oy bre your

he; goo tmove myte eve n exper two ours tosolve. e teemover we hvejst e wh, he were myohe ltetve possibiiies wehve not touce o. You cnl ot by wog he o lesre o ong te sme wthothe problems of wc yo

ow he keymoves.Do wit Digms 7 n6 lter on. Don't be sme ofooking up he eymove if youfi o sove one wthin hlf nour or S bu ot too zyto give t thorogh exonfter h. Remember ht ere sn eqte reply o v move

Bc cn me swer o eeymove Aso te om met no other fst move by Wte

prt om the given keymovewil solve e poblem. A seconsolutio or coo s it is clles rege s serios blemish,

renerg the poblem worth.

Waiig Poblms

The next igrm shows n ter-esng type of problem cle witg probl or witer

msd by J A W Huntr n18

Dagram 159

uppe, for momet ht iwee Blcks to ply inseof Whies we wil n on ex-mition h whtev move hewere o me Wte co mem n ry, eg.

If . � moves 2 4 me.If .. c+ 2 x mte.

If . e2 2 xe2 me theblc bsop being pne.

If . e 2 c mte.



Prblm and Praal Pl 2

If . 3 2 f5 mate.If 1 :(f)-aywhere ee 2

f maeIf 1 . 2 f5 mae.

I .. 5 2 xg5 mate.If anywhere 2 :e7 mate.If d4 2 mae

Thee readymade mating varation are caed 'e mae

No more move for Back arepoibe ad o apparenty aWte eed to do i o fd omewang mv wc eave heatio eentay nedWhat about c2 o, therewod hen o mate afer . d4 Smary J8 fa to provde for e ad la or c3 for . d4.

The move wch ove he co

ndrum ad coequy hekeymove of the probem i ! A gance it migteem extaordny that bahfooking reemen o ecoer whch hrans nhngaceve ometg which noeof e mny voent atavecan encompa Back dow

fa in two move Thi an exceen exampe of he arificiaiy ad beauy of che probem

Someme a probem everyBack move i e oga ptio wi ave been provided fora above bt here i o pefectwaiting move by White; en ekeymove wi abado one ormore of the orga matgcombinatio repacg temay by more pectacar oe.

i even a more beautu ypeof probem, ced a 'mutate

'et mat ateredby e keymove a probemwch i no a waiter a a they a caed 'chaged mateand he probem a cagemae.

Zgag

Toug to have te move che

i, ne udred ad eyninetm o of a touad an advantage exceptioa potoex were i a abity adeven a we ave ee whe coiderng diagram 41 ad 45, afaa iabiy A payer who he orate iuatio o avng o acceerate ow down

fa by makng a move i aid o moveboud or 'n Zgzwang (a Germa word meaningmovecompon). 'Under dr i anoer good term Theext daam how a caic ice of ti tate of affairwch occued n a mater gmei 923 Back ow wen . h6,

eaving Wte movedWte qn ha everapibe move now but a areobvouy ucda Let u examine We oer pobe movoe by one we ha ee at hecan ony brig about h owdowfa

2 c3 or 2 a3 2 . bxc3 or 2. bxa3 w a piece

2 c3 bxc3 win a pece2 xb wn a piece



128 E Gu he

2 el-anywhere, 2 . e2 winsthe queen

2 g xl wins a pece nthe end

2 2 53 wc sinceWte's king's bishop s nowpinned win he qun

2 l 5f3 win the qun2 g4 53 and wn the queen

since 2 x woud aow mateby 2 . . .

2 5f3 xf3 xf3; Backwns queen and bshop o twoook since e atacked qeenas now no escape

2 xb4 xb wis a piece

Dagram

Te esson o the postions is have a men ook at eveyposion m yur nenn f vew He may sueing om dcuies of which butfor this suvey you woud nobecome awae ts as n manyothe ways ces a maveous

aining for te pobems o oudaiy e

How mny ightu bude

of ineaona magnde codave bn avoided in e ps ny meb ha hme nhe her man n

A Typical Sacicial Aackagans e Casled Kig

n ths book I ave dea manywh simpe pcipes vovga few piec a a me becasethey ae he esies to udetandand te principes voved in emos compcaed siion reoen compouded o very simpeeement But oud dappo were no o give a esoe exampe o e beauupobiies ha aise ough thecoordination o severa pieces

Dagram

Hee is a aer more compicaed ype o thing n atackwhic can easy deveop ou of

the opening and whic inroducesa bishopsacce payabe srpisingy oen wh Back's



Prblms and Praal Play 29

kngs ig s bn dvnwy om is id osion t 6(by dvnc of Whits ngsw to 5 o stc)

Wt pla

y

s:

.xh7+ �xh72 S+ S

g o m by 4 7Nth 3 g6 or 3 6 woudv this in ct t onymovs o oson 3

xg5 (which givs wy qunfo ght s h q c bcrd) d 3 8 o 3 d8 wch ony oston tmt o on mov g 4 1 5 8 m

hus Whs scric o bso o s fs mov s wrd f Bck wr to dc o

k bso ying �8isd Wt coud ocd 25 jst h sm nd ow thrt s to div dcovdcck om h n by 3 g6nd m by 4 Agins sBck cn do othig

iagram

A simir scric s otnyb wh Ws q ndquns bso st o tirog sqs s m162 Wi ys 1 h+ dBck wh I �h sbo in , 2 g5+oms bor 5 nd f Bcknsws gt cck

b

2 g6 std o 2 g8 3 g

isnow mos s wfu s ws5 th n giv bov (i

hn 3 f5 4 4!

Winning Pacce

o cocud gv fw ostios ch of wch Wcv somtg ffctv ch cs, incs isd in

doing so discosd in brcks o ohrws vry xmods som dd tws f youcn sov h of thm you cncogrtt yours on vingrdy gind btr s ocss tn h indvdu who sbn yg for y wthoutboring o rd book bo t

Sns a n ags 37

Obviosy th win or W inDigrm 63 is ony mt oftim Yo ot skd to go ino qt vov y wcmy cd vitb ndb my o s which s t

s mov by Whit hon wch wi b om Bck t ck ndwy? (Qun s barrr acrss



130 Ea Guide Chess

bard Whe wise lay d. ?

iagram iagram

Te posion in e nex digm c ise ve nlom Qeens Gmit opeg,s I d d 2 e 3 c3 g bd7 cxd exd.

iagram

Tis cold be regrded s tp in te opening te migel empted o pl 6 xd s

te gt on Blcks f6, wicpprent potects te pwn, ispinned ginst is een Wuld

B iit qeen sciiceite cn is e gme tee moves. ow ublechec

iagram

impott pendn to tenotes on rook nd pwn endgmes on pges 889 t llsrtes two spec dngers to te

defendng sde were e smnged to compenste o eing pwn down b getg is rook



Prbl and Pal Pl 13I

e del p behnd tepssed pw Bcs pw s esue qeeg We cdrw b by e mve yW s ve d wy?Skewer

Dagram 67

gr 1 shws ccase f caeless p Bc hasjs pyed g4 g hs nnbles Wes gsg Bu culy lwsWhe w pw Hw?( Manufacured' frk

Dagram 68

O pge 1 5 we gve he ves f he Ruy Lpe Afteh ve ech sde tefllwg ps l as fWe cd w pw by 4c (desyg he prec Blcs epw) lwed by 5e Bu Bl s w dffee wys ecveg e pwe usg f d the h hlfp d eplyg te sepece f te b ec e Wh

re eye e eple s rthee Bc ve ca wWhes w v ec sde g se fr f dscveed c and e f verburdeed an e fc te we qee s pecedls pys s pa

Diagram 69

e e s s re e Iep a veburdeed a dcveed tc ad a nprec pece We ve adw es pece



132 Ea Gu hss

Dagram 170 Dagram 12

he e s a quant eample ofwo bak men beg equallyoebdeed w e samedy ha of peven mae onthe bak ak of e ype sownn Dagam 32 Whe o moe

ad wn a pawn a one

Dagram 171

In e et eample Blak awn by a billan sees ofhe He empoys a dobehek, a fok and a skewe

Wies pawn s we atakedby ook and igh) but onlyone defeded by bshop) Canhe heefoe safey aptue whis gh? nfrk.)

Dagram 13

A smpe poston, wh oeas etaoday ombnaepobtes Whte o play, awn hee moes foe andedgame n wh e lea adatage of wo pawns ensestoy Remem a a paw



Prm nd Pri P 33

reacng e egh ak eed onecealy become a queenMnrd'rk

Dagram

Faly wo robems by heauho

msed by B H Wd

Dgram

Whe o ay ad mae o ssecod move agas any defece

msed B H. Wd

Diagram

We o ay d mae heemoves agans any deence

Concluson

yo ake chess vey seousy,you may derve a eme of enoyme om he sdy of he oer and e genera rncl have oed wh enyo acce cold mke you asong aye wo sdyg

any oe book on chess a aDo no udeesmae Dagram13 Lea by hea Foowedegey, e sysem based o wold gve you no he veybes bu a sasfacory oenngagas e soges ayer n hewold Wa moe coud you asko a a sysem whch enabesyo o emege om e oegsages wh a efecy sasfacoy game ad a sysem readyundersood and, deed e



14 E Gu t hss

poudabe in s broad ouineswihn a ew paragraph? s swha I have given you.

In brngng out your forcesnever move any piece utl youhave moved every piece once san excellen general maxm Isaid general!)

On te oter and you wi ofcourse beneit om a close sudyof the exact opening ines givenearlier the prevous capter.

A all mes be on the aer oake advantage of blunds byyou opponent, also o expoincidetal weaesses by orpns skewes discovered atac,etc In the may postions whicofer no such clea-cut chaces,ad which could oherwse bepuzzlng o you, you can mate

te value o potena moves byWeaver Adas mehod wchensues that you consisteny improve he genera dispositon oyou men and stand hereoreever prepared for any suddenchance the game may ofer Doesmovng his man give t exrapower or mobility or rob enemymen of power or mobiiy? Doesit create weaees in the enemycamp or do remove one ofyou own? Does t produce apased paw? Or over-burdensome man? Or eave wo pecesprone o a fork? stat a pawnroler? Soon hese quesons

should become abitualhough I wish could havespared space or more exampilstrag he varos prciples

every game you pay wll providescores of such examples ad iluratons i you ony keep youreyes open for hem. Advice youdo not uderstand now may comebac to you in a blding ightsome day wen you suddenlyrease how easly you ca wn agame wih is aid

You are only on te threshodo he delghs of chess. Paypeny o games, re-read this ittle

boo occasionally - every tmeyou do it soud convey a littlemore rea your games serouslyand you wll soon beg o develop a new menal power. Someobs in life once mastered, neverrealy test your teligence aganbut chess in your esure me canbrush away the cobwebs, give

you a new aleess keep you upo scrach menaly and developn you year aer year a keenerbrgter outlook on lie.

I s game to revel wen youare on top of the world; t is agame to provde inestimable solace when you feel rebued anddsprted.

Soons

Daga 63 f

On his square, by means of thebarres it ses up along a ra

and a le he queen at once conmes te back king o foursquares n the cente of te board tha Whte can brng up his



Prbms and Prata Py 135

n confdent n he owedetat he black n cannot away

Dagm 6No 6 xd5 woud ose a ece:Back can rey 6 d5! for d8 ten b 8 d2(th ny ga mv 8 x+ 9 �xd2 �xd8

Dagm 65

d8 �xd8No choce2 g5

and now on 2 .. �e8 3 d8 mate 2 ... �c 3 d8 mate

Diagam 66Black s hreaenn 1 . c + 2� mov and now theback rook and queen roteceach other So te whe nmust o o he second rank, norder o cature te black rook fte later checks Aer 1 �c2 or �d2 Black cod lay 1 . a2 a2+ and w te whe

rook by a skewer. ence Whemus lay b2 leave te ntere and ten exlaned aerDaram 1 0 Black s helless

Dagam 6I sad ha a ece nned aansa queen mmoblsed unss thas brant wr t d. ere

Wtes kns t as brlant work o do: x �xoherwse Black loses a awnwtout a fh 2 + (setn

u he ork manufactured by 1x+ 2 � moves 3 xgxg xg and Whte has wona awn

e5 at once s layable andood (f 1 xd? 2 xfmae bu Black can lay

e6 2 xe6 fe6 and, houBacks nsde aws havebeen broken u e as no actualy ost a awn

Dagam 68Black recares wt he d-awn(4 xc6 dxc6 5 xe5 andnow lays 5 d! forn thewhte n s t and nawn and catrn one of themnext move.

Or e recatures wt he bawn (4 xc6 bxc6 5 xe5and sets u a haf-n of he whteh and e-awn aas sn by e f Whte nowmoves te h Back lays 6. xe4 I Whte rotects theht must rst be drvenaway by 6 .. d6

Dagam 69Back lays g3+ hs asuncovered an attack by Blacsqueen onto Whte so Whte asno me or 2 3 or 2 x3 ecan lay 2 >n rotectn thequeen but now Black sets u amurderous n by 2 b5 (ecould aso wn te queen or the

rook by 2 . +

Dagam 0Whe smy lays xe6 and f



36 E u t h

Back o jdcou a o ecapue xe6 e oe hquee b g6 hxg6 o �move 3 lxa3 Back fpaw ovebdeed wth the doubetak o poecng te bhop adpevetg g6+ b We w dcoveed atack o he uuppoed back quee

Diagam 7Whe pa xb7 ad a

tough both Whte ook aeuppoted ehe of he backook ca capte o he otew be capted wh mate o teback ak e act tha oe of apece dte to pevet a maeo te back nk ca ea beoveooked

Diagram 72 + 2 x a a uble check the kg mut moveeg. xc5 woud t eave ceck 2 "

3+ 3 e e3+ �d e2+ 5

Wel e+ 6 �2xe+ 7 a ote movewod aow Back to take equee fo og 7 e2+

ad ow te quee o s awa d xb+ 9'x 2

xb2+ad Back oud w ea

Diagram 73Ye We ca the p hegh aga e back ook be but h appaet powemove a agat Back eouce ft pa te mov xe5 2 e 2 ,0 6! o tat Whte ow take te ook 3

xe6? Back ega the ook adte bop awe b 3 xf+ move xe6.

Diagram 7 + x

If .. xb7 xd2 xa7+ �xa73 bx()+

comg a gt gvgceck ad the xe7.

Diagam 75 d6If cxd6 e . d c3. . e6 d5 ... �5 o . f le

Diaam 76 e3

eateg g e5 3e mateIf . o . e5 �e6

a watg move; otg eateed but Back caotmove wtout eg a mate

If e5 g eat 3 emate ... o .. f topeve h 3 d mae

Weaee of pobem e te ecst o povde agate theaeed ceck to he weg ao he da cotuato ae . o bmove each of wch howeveead o eat mate

te ethe g�e5 3 g5 mae o g+ �3 d mate

te .. b mov ehe g+ ad 3 e mae o



Problm a Prctical Play 37

d5 and 3 g5 ate.Atatve eature f te

pe are te gd e (gvg

e bla g a flgt qae)ad te qe seod moves su 2 �e6 r 2 g4.



Appendx

The World Chamonshi

Through he cetuie, nbero plyer were geerly cowlege te worl beeg Ruy Lopez (Sp), bout1575 Phlor (Frnce) bou1750, folowe by couryme Dechpele n e L

Bouoni, hen EglStuo orpy om Amec Anersen from Geny,

but Seinitz w he rt to berecoge Wo CmpionSce ten here hve en umerou mtce for the tle: ech ce he evenul wnerme i gven )

1886 -Zukertot 12-7

889 -Tchigor 10'-6890/1 -Guberg 0'·8892 Tcgor 210894 -Steiniz 2-7

896/7 Steiniz 2'4907 -rl '-3j908

Trrch 0'5 910 -Schlechter 5-5910 -Jnowki 9j'92 -Ler 9-5192 -Cpblnc 8'-15'929 -Bogolyubov 5 '-9j934 Bogo1yubov 5 '10'935 -A1ekhine 5'-14'93 -Euwe 5'9

Aln dd March 19

New Yor, St Loui

n New OrleHvnNew YorHvnNew Yor, Phlephn onrelcowUSA

Duelorf unicVenn BerlinBerinHvnBueo AireGermy HolnGermyHonHol

1948 (DE Tomen The Hgue ocow 14,Smy1v 1 Kere n Rehevky 10', Euwe 4)

1951 -Bontein 12-2 ocow



1951957195819601961196319661969191975

A

B-Sm 11 MoscowBovink 19 MoscowB-Sm 110 Moscow-Bovi 1'-8 MoscowB- 138 Moscow-Bovik 1-9 MoscowSky 11 MoscowPerosi 1'-10' Moscow-Sss '-8' Reykvk

139

(Kov bece cion e Fiscer refused o defend ile

198 -Korchoi

1981 -Korchoi198/5 KovKsrov

6'5

1753

Bguio

MenoMoscow (c nonedwihou decison)

1985986987990

993993

-Kov 131 MoscowKov -1 LonoLgd-Kov - Sevle-Kv '- 1 New YoLyons(Ksrov nd Sho rok fro DE in 993 o o heCA Kov nd i cone he vcn DE ie)

-Sho -' London (CAi 8' Zwoe e A-se k O E



Index and Glossa

Here is an alphabetica is ofchess tes used this booktogehe with ohes you may en

coner. Figues refer o pageswhee the e queson s deed or elaoraed I have omed soe es as self-evden orastuse. The oigina verso ofis goary was he first ABC ofces on hs cae eve aemped.

For defno of nmes of ra, es, ov pesetc 'qus bhop gpawn ngs igt �a-pawn'eIe, ' cCaper 9.

T acs are pecular oprobems

Atv ss: See Rapd Chess

Adjornmn: p 54Adjudaon: Examination by astrog payer of te posoneached in a game whic canote finished to decide ow hegae woud poaby have terminatedAdjust Coec he positiongof a piece on its suae.

Advand pawn: Pawn o sfih rank or beyondAdvanag: To od the bettepostion

Aapn Onng: I e e5 2 e2Rote!Albn ountr-gambt p 117.

Alkns Dfn: p 1 16.Algbra noton Te ineaional sandard system of oatio explaed Chapte 9. Teboard is regarded exclsveyom Whes sde; he fromeft to gt ettered a to hand te o otom to topare nmbered 1 to 8 The fact hateac squae has oly one eaids dscussio thus insead ofWhtes K6 o Blacks K wesay simpy 'e6Alplayal: Toaen fo divduas in which eac paysevery other once or occsioalywice or fou times

Amran ornamn: Sae asa-pay-aAnalyss (of a postio): Seacfo te best suseen oves byeach sdeAnnoon: Commenary on agameAntuty of ss: The eaiestatenticaed eferences o chessoccur Pesian manscriptsaout 600A Recs of gamespayed by men wh dffeetiaedfunctions on a ceered oad



Ix and Glossa 4

have been found Egyptantoms, 3000 yeas old. Thegreaes development of he

gae have been successivey inInda, au 600AD, the PeiaAaa Spa Ialy WeEuope. Today the leadg chcoy Ruia.Any?: Abreviaon Kriegspieor 'Ca make ay pawn capures?Arbe Superisor wo ensues

a e ules of chess ae obeyedArcay oated awn: Apaw suppoable only y anoerpaw wc beg adly ockedby a hosile an is unlkely oeve e able o come to its aidAttac: (a To threate o ake;() oesve action one

par of the oadAutomaon (chessplayg Aspoof echaca cessplayerwhch caused a senaton morean oce when exhibied in eninetee ceury. The body oft oe conceaed a duve expet who operated ehads which made he oves

wi the hep of a syste of agnesBac ran (A players Therank on whic hi peces star hegaeBac-an mate: Cecae ya quee o ook o he last rankBacward awn p 81

Bad bo: p 91Barrer (se up by ook orquee p 28Battey: p 124BF: (he Bis Ce Fed-

eration Te official Bis goveg body eaders wsg oconact e BCF should wre o

BCF 9a Grad Parade S LeonardsonSea Eas Susex TN38ODDBM: Briish Chs Magaze aonhy oe 1881 ofurher detais wrte to BCM 69Mabo oad ondon W 14 OLSB: Briish Chess ProbleSoey

Beauty e Pre awaded fora outstading gaeBeno Gambt: p 17Brd Onn: p 118Bo: p eBo o oote coou p36Bte on rane o aack by

meas of a pee a enemy pawnhooughy wel defended y aothe pawBnd ot of a ngt: p 39.Bndod ce Che withousigt of a oadBz ce: Very quick games(usually ve mues pe playerfo he whoe game

Block (a o deny the use of asquae by putg a man on i (bA problem whic Whie canotmae il Black as weakenedhs posion y movingBadng (a pawn p 79Bed oton: p 3Bunder: Disastous ove

B (descg play ora

moe) equey adopted famiaBoo (dito: seeoypedunnsped



Guid h

BPC ( Bt PoaCh FatoBrekthrough p 7.Bevty Short cv gam

Brlacy: Brany paygamBrlacy Pre A prz gvnfo h mot batypaygam a ot rpctv of t wn tota acoBUCA: (Th Brth Unr

C AocaonBuchhol (co Tbrakgmho o Sw Sym toam A Bcocor a payr cor mtp by h m o h oppont coudpe Gambt p 1Cable match: Sma to t

phon match. Thr hav bva mach btw ooa Nw Yok or t cabShowav rao ha b mary ov ac p to60 m Hoywoo oncpayg Hoo h wayCadae' cycle Emnaon to c who w cha

ng th wo champoCapue p .Caro-a Defece p 6.Catle: O am fo ookCale log (o To ca o q 00-0Cate ho (o To ca onth kng 00Catlg pp 5.Caual game Noncomptvcott.Caerplar dpay' A mu

tano pay wch worog pay tak on a nmbro wakr pay ach o tng pay makg aatmov n ach gam.Cetre-Couter Game p 16Cetre Game: Th opg 5 Wak at .. Wht qun bcomga objc of attackhang-mat p 7Chatuaga an pat

gam of c.Cck: pp .Cckmate pp 9 56C clk p 5 C Fetval Gatg ofc pay whch w ogan by th auto o okaay o may yaCHE Motly Popuar mo

ty magazn For fhr awrt to Chs an Brg 69 Eton Roa onon NIARCoed game On n whch hpc ar vop bn hpaw an com oy owy ntocotact w ach ot.Cole ytem (of opnng

Wht pay cc(f nc � b g00 an c tn bra opnt poon wt a t faouab momn wt a vw oa rct kng atack. Smpbt qt rogCombato: A r o movvng o pcc amCommad A qa comma wn a hotman occupyg mgt b cap



Indx and Glossa 4

rd Tr i an alatvonr anin, avod yConinnal wi a no n

y a would dar o ov ono ta qarompention: Advaag aay o o of opponnonneced awn: A pawn aay guad or guardd y aor on a adjac ilook p 2oespondence cess: C

y poounteamt: p 18ountecice: Wn aplayr a acfcd aial forpoiton acrfic ru y opn of aal o wi an ovral advanag - vprap on! y a al prioriy

poio A powl wap oiing an aacamped Rtrcd in pac orovn.oss-ceck I awring acck y poing a payril divr chc. O oro cc ay 'dicovrdDans Gamit: 4 5 2 d4

xd4 3 c3 Back rfu y captg pawn a offd ad mmdiay conr-acriicing apaw y ". d-d5Deaults I a payr rir froan alplayall oa gog ila Bfor coplg af hga al i rul hould anulld. Afr coping hal hga h co hould nd ndh raing ga cord o

i oppon y dfa potal c i uch a dfaula ad o ov again al

or participan in vn, hd gam hould addicadDeence: a opg caacid a v Bak Opraion again an opponnwo od iaiv.end: a poc orgard pcial conduc a d

fc.Descipive notaton: A yo oaion a wa popular inEgpaking cou ntl 90 Nowaday nary aloo and prodical appar inalgrac noaioDevelo: To g o a pic; o

ov i o ogal poiono on or avoual or aacor dfc.Diaona: p 22Dscoved attack: p 29Discoved ceck: p 29.Dssolved douled pawns: Tlaton of a dould pawn ycaging.

Disnt assed pawn: p 85.Diveent aack o Doule atck p 5.Doule ceck: p 29Douled pawns: p .Douled ks: p 42Daw, Dwn ame: p 20Dual Coc of aing ov AlDus: p 2Dutc Deence: p 1.EO: Encycopaeda of hessOpenngs.



144 E Guid t hss

Eighh rn: The ak fhestfo a ae his awns eachingwhich can be ooedaga 0)

Elo ring: Sse of agchess laes used b FIE andan natona bodiesEmpress A ece in fai chesscobg e owers of ookand gh.Encycopedi of he Opening Coehensive suve ofal own chess oeningsEndgme, Ending: 44Endgme tudy see SdEnglih Opening: 1.En pnt: 18.En prie: 10.Ecpe hoe fo kng) 7Etblih a iece o aw) Tolace i a ositon fo wch

i cao ofiab be disodgedEvn Gmbit: 1 e5 3c6 3 �c5 �c5 4 b4 obablsond ceainl livelExchnging 10Exchnge o win the: To w aook fo bisho o ighFa ch exensio ofobe ch o he eams of

fanas to include all tes ofboads en ag coditonsand ais of la.Fbeer oune-gmbi: 1 e4e5 f4 d5 Qe goodFmiy o: Huoous aegive b ogolubov o e fokb a igh siulaneousl ofseveal ee eces a onceesecal g qeen and ook.Finchetto: eveloent of abisho o g g7) afe gg3

(g7g6) o b (b7) afte bb3(b-b6)Finchetd: So deveoedFDE: The Inteaioal ChessFedeaio (Fedeaon nteaionale des Echecs) a bodfonded 194 Fo 1948 untithe foaio of e CA 1993FIE exclusive adinsteedthe wold caonshiFDE mter: nteaioaecogsed ie ow gandaste and ineaonal aseFIDE rting: neaonal aingbased o sse develoed bAad EloFie 1Finger-lip: icg u anoean tha that inededFlg of chess clock) 51.Fln: see Side

Flight, Flight qure: Squae owhich a kng is fee toove.Foo mte: ae given on 10Forced move: The oe ovewhich can be ade wiho iediae disaseFo: 56Fortre: unassaiable

soghold a esults in a dawngae.Four-hnded che as ofarers la seaed as at whiso a secial lage boad Each hasa l se of en A lae aedcan coe back into e gae ifhis ane elieves he aeFour night Oning: 16.

French Deence: 16From Gmbi: 18Gmbit: 16



Ix an Gla 5

Giuo Pano p 5Goo bso p 9Graing ssm: Mehod ofcafg perGrnmar A hgher rath teo mer whquco requreme mr defndGnmastr raw Shot dwwhout fghGrahopp A r che pecemovg the me drecto

quee but o b jumpgover pece of ether coor tote et que beodGro onr-gambi p 6Grnl Dn: p 7Guaring: p 5Hal-on l A fe cotgo fred pw bu oe ormore hoe pwHapn p 69.Haniaping See OddHanging awns Uted pwepec whe o te th 5hor 6t r wthou compaoo ether dcet eHav i: p 39.Hlpmat A probem whch

Wte d Bck copre togeter to p he oe ere omov edg o mte.Hol p Horrit bisops Two feow

bhop o eghborg dgo Dgrm 35 medfer per fmo or epog ther power.

Hprmo Scoo of cett deveoped he 9. TeNod Defece dKg d Defece are two

permode opegllgal: Ag he w ofche.Inan Dfn: A deece whch Bc deveop h gght before cee pw heter beg hed bck for fewov u he be obecome evde Oe vovfachetog t et oe bhop.Inormator (he fom:Thrce er ure o te bet

gme of the precedg moh.Initiaiv: Te bt to pehe ueqe coure of thegme to oe choce more ore.Intfnc A m movgfor ome prpoe de teefectvee of feowm ome w

Intrmiat mov: A movewhch ke pce of dpopo or oe u evtbe move uc recpueo ow zchnzug)Introsing p Intaonal mastr: Ttewrded b FD for outdg

reu teo tome oe tep beow GradmterIntros: Move pece o tt erere wt te co of oppog pece og e rkor dgoaIntonal ouamnt: Qfco tomet to decde who

w go forwrd to the ddte cce.Invrsion o movs To nvrtmovs: Sme poto



Gu to Ch

transpose.Iolani isolated pawnIolated awn p Jadobe p 50Jam boree' A system by wchsevera teams can mee, ad herelative scores be deterned after only one game by each payerEach tem's opponens ae daws equaly as possible om theohe teams Ts wih foureams A B C D of sx payer

each A's srongest playe mighmeet B s stronges As secondplayer might mee Cs second;As third mgh meet Ds thdAs foh Bs forh ad so on.Each payer hs one game hente teams score s totted upnd that s al!Ky ky-move: p .

Kbitzer': Specator prone tooffeng pestent adviceKing p ecKing' eld: te sqaes towch a king cold egaly moveassg no other men were onthe boardKng' Gambit pp King' Indian Defence: p

Knight p ec.Kregie' amusg offshoot of che whch eachplayer is kept i igorance of teposiions of his opponents menapa from such infomaion as hecan glean e.g from s g nobeing peted o move on to aceran squre Each plays wit abod and men of his own onythe pe stg between hemwih a td boad and men can

see more than one board and playhe aca compete gameKn-o ornament Aoen n whic any competo osng a game is ockedou' om he cotestLadder' comettion: A conos contest in which successes bng ascens in a veicals of names of contestns oftenhg p in a clb roomLighning che p 53Litte combinaon'

Capabancas half horou ter for asimpe operaon (eg givngaway a piece to recover it nexmove) ecing a slight mpovemen in positonLiving che: Acto robed aschess pieces move on sqremaked out on a evel patch of

gond. Atactive pageaty.Long diagonal: Kegspee longe of the wo diagonalson which a king eceves check ordiny che one of thedagonals om coe to coerof the boardLoe ': The sstainedpostonal advantage gaed by

Wte in he Ry Lopez openingsometme caled Spsh orreLt exand': Nmowischs te for te tendency ofa pawn o advance and in doingso incease in powerMaor iece p Man p 9

Manacting a fok in etcp etcMarz Bind: p



Ix an lossa 1

Mast ng playe cmpeiti etweentw playe etween tw

team f paye te attecae it huld e igaty each team t i tei paye de playing ength ae snges ye n e semee te tget n the ead n.M pp 9 252Mang nt Cmmading

mt f te quae a ingfield y tw me hepece that mae can e teaened uually in me a neway. Vey geea em amut cemenMax Lang Atta: cmpi

caed and aticial vaiatin fthe Giuc Pa.MO: Moen Chess penngs.Meeth: plem wth etween 8 and 2 pece.Mddlgam: Te ptn tegame ewee e pg ande endgame vagey t tatwe al te piece ave ee

develped end wh eughpiec ave ee exchanged awayt pemit e ing afely t ecme aciveMnatur: ( plem aplem wi even piec fewe ( andad play a tdecive game.Mno xhang Th ihpf g.Mno p: ip igt.Mobl fomaon of pawns: p5

Moblty p 98Moe Mate 'pe mae wich evey attacing man i

iied PettyMod Bnon Dfn: p 1.Modn ss Opnngs Famu ecycpaedia f teenngs, s n gmany editnMod Dfn p 1Movbound: p 12.Mutate: p 2

Nghtes faiy ce piecemvng in aight lin ut liea ip u ang linf qae a igt mve apate.g. m a1 e g.NmIndan Dfn: pp 1,120Noah's A rap p 20.

Noton ee Chapte 9Odds inital advantage cceded y a nge paye t aweae cmmn cale ddi

a Pawn ad mve Te playecnceding e dd ae uleante pawn i pecied hi fpawn ff te ad tat wit

ad i ppen ha it mve) Paw and tw mve. Theddgve tae hi f-pawnad ppen mae twmve efe e mve a all

c Knigt e dd givea a ght t

d R.e Tw min piece.Ote med f handcappg

ae1 Te nge playe i cm

peled t mate i ppnet



148 Gu to Chss

wthn a given umber of movo score a wn, whi notherspeced number o score a raw,othewse whatever the posoreached he s scored a loss.

2 Playng wh cocks, heweaker payer s gve a moregeerous tme-alowace

3 A wn gains more ts fora weaker player tha a srongand smarly he case of adraw

4 musng suggeston sha he weaker payer might beconceded he rght o 'have amove back n he course of thegame (or wo movs if he dspary n playng srengh s great)aer see his ppnens repl

keeps up nteres to vay hemehod of oddsgvng i a cub

fom seaso o seasonOdd of te dr The songerpayer scores a draw s a loss oh.

Olympid Teams of four anwo resees representng natona feeraos compee i aevent organsed by FIDE for atrophy presented by the Hon F G

Hamilton-Russell A BuenosAres, n 13 28 aions compeed ncludg Britan CaadaIreland Frce Pond Germay, Agena Brazil, NorwaySwede Holland Denmrk, etcetc By 2 a Mila the compeng aos had rsen to 02The USSR had been he most frequent wners ad he Russianeam conued hs success atMaila, wih a eam tha icuded

world champion Garry Ksparovand sng sar Vadm KamnkOne pn olding o' p 8 Open digonl: A dagonal uobsrcted by oes ow pawnsad therefore offerng good scopefor he acton of a queen orbishop ote aalogy wh Opee)Open le: p 4Open gme: One whch he

paws pay litle pat pieceplaypreomnangOpening: Stricly) As far smahemaca vesgaos cango. Frher welow han bzare nes of pay; a mos S 2 moves exept n rae casesOppiooured biop: Bsho orang an dent cooued

dagonlsOppotion: p 108Option: p Ortodo Defene QeenGmbi: p 15 17OB: Sho for over-heborOutpot: A weldefended pece,wel advancedOverte-ord: Normal play

with opnen psent as dstictfrom posa chess or pvaeaayssOver-brdened mn p 70Over-oded Sme as overbueneded pn p 7e: Poor playern: p I ec

n morty p 86n-oler p 75n-eeton p 82



Iex a lo 49

Pawn-snatchr A payer inced to capue paw o thedetrmet of h geera poo.

Pawn-storm The advacg of apaw-roerPL Pota Che League, acompetto auguaed 944b te ator of t bok whch team of te from a paof the Brth Ie competed corepodece pa.Prptal chck p 2

Ptro Dfnc p 16Phalanx: A group of coectedpaw.Pc Sc a ma but apaw. Ofte ooe ed for amaPn pnnd pnnng: p 63Png-ong: p 54Pon co' (Lera 'cappedpaw): amg method ofgvg odd whe a expe pag a ovce. The foermar e f h paw ad dtake o gve mate wt thatpaw (wthou promotg ). Ifthe capped pa captued orf mate devered b a ther

ma the expet adjudged tohave t.Prc Dfnc p 16Pkt st A waet ua ofeather r pac cotag amaue che board of eatheror e The me ae of boe orceod matera appopratepted or emboed, ad p ad ou of ot at the bae of thequare. Game ca paed orpo examed a rahp or fac amo awhere.

Polsh Dfnc: I d4 b5. VweakPonzanl's Onng e4 e5 2

c3 IocuouPton: The arragemet of heme a a tage a game. Apaer ad to have a good po wh h f cope for aco ad wepaced for attac ad defecePostonal pay: Maoevrgraher ha combatve pa.

Postona sacrc: A acrfcefr compeato he fo otf a quck combave ga butof ubte ogerm advatage geea maoeuvab.Postal chss Same a correpodece che.Ptal hss Lag (See LPost-mortm anayss Aergame dco b the w pa.Powr: p 97.Prpard varaton A vaato he opeg prvate aaedbefore he game ad oduceda a pe depaue from'book move.

Prssr: A vague tem dcatg, e.g. a oguaed atackagat a) a pa whchcae dcut trough the tg dw f pece o t defece.rne A fa che pececombg the power of bopad ghProblms p 23

A Profeoa Che Aoca. Bod fr pfeoapae fouded 1993 b GarrKaparov ad Nge Short. Ka



50 ay ui Che

arv is he e PCA whamiromoon 1 royis Te ine yNimwish fr ves a aiae an nes hreasrotted assed an Aasse awn ree by aheawure mate A mae siin inwh eah sae in e maegs e s y sigy

gae r bke as in Diagam1Qalty, e 9Qeen 1 eQueening Queening square a awn 1 Queen's Gamt A gaeee y 4 5 2 4

Queen's Gami Acceted 1 9Queen's Gamit Decined 5 1Queen's ndian Defence 11Qun's an Game In geneaa gae ene by 4 bu whhs n a Qeens GaQueenside majority Same as

Qunside an maor 86Quicay nis See fsh(yiay ifeen minues r eahayer r e res f e gae a gae afer e r me Radio matces Ar 946e esi f eae waseebrae by a mahes (he ines f eehne mahes rabe mahes whih see: USAUSSR UK-USSR Frane- Aus

aia SainAgeia eThere were as sme ieresngena mahes eg beweenBaa Nrway a FairhursSa wih e mves anue eah evenig ver heeseive ana raasgrgres s a ms fseer fw e gamWh he inensfiain f inernaia nas sh use f rai has eee

Ran 21g' or Rang LstUsing an array maheaafa e ayer f a reginae ise in rer f srengbase n e res f a ergmes ve a eiRaid cess nreasingy ua f hess r e-ay

ame Eah ayer isusuay aae 0 r 40 mes r e whe gameRaid Transt Ameran er bz r ghg he 54Recature Cae a ma ahas jus areRemoe ased an 85Ri Cee he gae

usuay in a hee saiRti's ening Retirements rm a amen see DeasRetator Pbem in whih er me mves ae be akebak bere e e ine ayeag mae is sughRetrora Anay: Deeivewrk i e mves bywhih a given sin wasreahe



Ind and Glssa 51

Rook: p 1 etc.Round Robin (toamen):Same as American or a-play-a.

Ruy op pp 15 1 16are: To give up meiadeibeatey cacuaing o obtasome advanage in posion, eg.s 128afe pawn grouping: p 75ain George hessmen: oder pte of man han Saunton, more op heavy and iabe to

the obscug o one ma by anoher dung pay.ans voi': Ch an vr isblndod ch holar's mate The mae givenon p 107oe shts p 107oth Onng p 16ealed move, aing a move p54eond A player' assiantduing a mach o otwo wil hep prepae openingline and aayse adjoed posion.eond rank payers therank on whch pws str the

ge.Sbck bck man endeavouing to foetal one mate,moves o squre next o theback kg and by robbg theae of a fgt-squae alows anew mae.S-ntrfrnc A shuowich see due o interposionb a mn of e ame coou.Smat A pecliar ype ofprobem wch Wie foces opponent o mae im and

Black sives o avoid dong so.e' maes: Mag varaionsexisting in e origina posion,

e.g. f Back move so-and-soWhie mates o-and-o p 7)eventh rank payer Ther on whic i opponenspaw a gm, p 4 Shut- Interposon by a ostile man wic detroy thecommad by a piece of a square,rak e or dgona.

iilian Deene pp 16 11119ide queens or kgs) p 4imply: Excage paws orpieces so as not o gain o oseany men but to claify e suaon.multaneous display expeencoers several weaker pyers, ea at boards whc evsis cyclicaly to make hismoves. If opponents nuberwenty e plys tweny gmeswie hey pay one ad onverage onewenteh as muctie per move.imultaneous blindfold dispay

A mulaeo dplay in whcte exper no boad or menbut s merey tod opponensmoves made on boards beoreem) and to imge heconsty changg posios inthe varous games oughou.Alekne tk on 3 reay songopponents in way a Ccago 1933 Kotanowki ook on 34i Ednbugh in 1937 Njdor 45t So Puo in 1947 Ieguaities in e las dsplay ad wek



15 asy Gui to Chss

opposIon in Koltanows'smake Alekhes the greaest fea.zsc (A Gema wordmeang fesh of e posteror):Abily to win games hrough remaining soidly in ones sea hoafer o, makng a sccessonof sped but aly soundmoves unl ones opponent blnder thog boedom.w p 6.av Dfnc o Quns Gam

bt p 17.motd ma p 1.onnboBg: A mehod(named aer its iventors) of esovg ties in Amercan toamens To a playes odnayscore are added to o his Sonnebo-Beger scoe the ordnayscore o eac opponent he bea

the ouamen ad haf the ordinay score of eac opponen wwom he drewpans pnng Aoter namefo the Ry Lopez.pd css: A oose e forgames payed at an acceleraedtimemitp cc A ceck gven wen

the payer mght well esign justo proong the game by onemove.amat pp 0 6taunon mn p 10onwal: An openng (defenceor atack) caractesed by adance of adjacent pawns alernatey o the hird ad ouhran (om he resembace othe omation to te top o a stonewall).

tudy Rater like a probem bthe task is to wn or draw, not inany specified nber o moves.uppot Same as potect.

wnd Derogatoy name or agame postionay los b won or throgh a trap or combnaion wch he sfeer coldeasiy have avodedSthback A pece moving andthen etg to is origialsqare.

wss systm: Paricipats in aoco oament dop outaer one pera chacy o;and an allplayal eqires asmay rouns one) as ee players. The Swiss sysemprovdes a wine (hog notneiy many ohe eliableplacings) from among a large

numbe of payes n a fewonds ad eeps everybodyplayg ntil the end Firstroundpaings are decided by lo orseedg. For each subseqetround, each contestat is pairedagat an opponent who has asneay as possible he same scoeas he (nobody meeg e same

opposion twce on ay accot) fa as practcable each player aeated as Wte ad Bac.Te pairgs or any parclarround can be made only when theprevious rods games avebeen decided Vey proracedgames may have to be addicaed or decided by qicplaynis.Synthetc An amsg reverao te noal chess problem The



Ie a Gloa 3

soluton s given, wh or whoutcetan oher detas and thesover s asked o costct teoga poson.

Tae Same as capre.Tandem' dsplay Same as CaeplTk prblm A pobm iwhch he compse as set o tostate some extreme idea.Techncal wn A wn wich cnbe obtaned fom a gven poston

by sod sod play nvovng no'biancy o ncetanyTphon mah Two cbs ndstnt to book a teephoneconnecton fo for o o soduig whch tme up o 5move can be trasmted eachway Eac eam sod have onepeona repenative n he

othe camp. Ceape tan tvelig or mes or moe buthere s a sacice o socablenssTempo A move o o playcosdeed a a unt o ime Ts'to ose a tempo s to make ausee move.Terran Aea o boad.

Tex (The) Tex-move (Incommenay on a game): the asmove actualy payedTheoreical novely (T) Amove he openng whch sthogt not to ve been payedbeoreTheoy Cosenss o opnon(usaly on opengs) s eveaedn te eaeThrt Prblm One n whcWhtes fst move eates mate

and he pay evov aodBlacks eots to avet tis maealowng otes.Three-dmensonal chess Cheplayed sde a cbe o sometanspaent mateial sch as pespex wh eigh odary boadson abv anoth h pcs otoly move about the ndivdalboards b zoom fom boad oboad Ban wackngThree nghs penng p 116

Thrmr A 'mae n teemove probemTm onrol Lmt on tme oeac playe ypcaly 40 moves 2 ho eac o neatoacompeito)Tmerouble Occs whe oneo boh paye has vey itetme o pay te necessary move

to eac the time contoT Theoetical NovetyTouh and move p 49Toumen A competiton vovg a nmber o teams oplayers n wch eac usualyplays evey othe; 'ock-ocontsts beng aher unpula iches

Transposon o moves Reversg te ode of succssivemove. Hence 'o tansemove e.g pay I and tead o e4 and 2 Trap to . Atack a pece aof whose sques of possbe ecape are commandedTraps p 1011.Trpled pawns ee eowpaw on e same fe A poound weaes



154 a ui o Ch

T p 126w b he p 40w ngt Defence: 1 e4 e5 2f3 c6 3 c4 f6 Sound By4 g5, Wte can foce d7 d5(wch acrce a pawn teacrce geneally condeedtfed Tomov: a mate n womove problemUnderrtn: Promoton ofa pawn to a pece other tan a

ueenUned awn: Felow pawn onadacent leUngarded unrtected, unurted: Lable o e captredwto polty of recaptue oe captug manUnlke B: Same abhop o oppoe coo

Unn: To ee a pnned pece bynerpongeg p 99UF: Unted State Che Fedeaon, e ofcal US odyAmeica wng to contacther naonal body hold teo USCF, 86 oute 9W, New

Wdor, NY 2553Varan: A ere of move,aeatey y Wte and Black,condtoned y te frtenna enng: pp 11516Wi Wiing Poblm pp126127Weaknee: p 81Weaver Adam ed: p 8 Wng (a King wg oQueen wng) Same a SdeWnnng e ecange: p 39

Wd-cng: Exchangng ofmen n an nnpred wayWdng: Deadly dulcheWrld an: p 138Xray aack: Same a ewerray ceck: a check wc, te checked kg move, alow aman behd t to e captred

Znal tuaen: Pemnayevent to decde who wll compete an neronal oamentZuwang: p 127128Zwceug: Geman fo nermedate (betwn move



Documents

Easy Guide to Chess.pdf