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EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA
Dividers_country profiles.indd 2 15/11/2016 15:07:26
Dividers_country profiles.indd 9 28/10/2014 11:08:38
− Armenia − The current legislation on trafficking in persons existing in Armenia covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects
Number of cases investigated for trafficking in persons, 2010 – July 2015
Source: Investigative Committee, Police of the Republic of Armenia.
Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2010 - July 2015
Source: Investigative Committee, Police of the Republic of Armenia.
1317 15
11 9 7
024681012141618
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan-July 2015
6 6 6 4 1 1
9 7 7 88
02468
10121416
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan-July 2015
FemalesMales
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2010-2014
Source: Office of the Prosecutor General.
Most of the persons convicted were Armenian citizens; three were foreigners. Source: Office of the Prosecutor General. Victims
Detected victims of trafficking, by age and gender, 2010 - July 2015
Source: Investigative Committee, Police of the Republic of Armenia.
2
53 4
2
3
7
6
10
2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Females
Males
1 4 1 13 5 25
168
12
7 3
41
05
10152025
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan-July2015
Adult MenAdult WomenGirlsBoys
Number of victims of trafficking, by form of exploitation, 2010 - July 2015
Source: Office of the Prosecutor General.
All victims detected between 2012 and 2015 were Armenian citizens, with the exception of four Chinese victims detected in 2014. During the 2012-2015 period, 16 Armenian victims were trafficked domestically, while 28 were trafficked abroad and repatriated. These victims were trafficked to the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Sri Lanka, and the Russian Federation.
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan-July2015
Removal of organs 6Forced labour 3 1 6 2 3Sexual exploitation 19 10 7 15 6 2
0
5
10
15
20
25
− Azerbaijan − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Azerbaijan covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects
Cases of trafficking in persons recorded, 2005-July 2015
Source: Department on Struggle Against Human Trafficking, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2005-July 2015
Source: Department on Struggle Against Human Trafficking, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan-July2015Trafficking cases 1 27 74 76 80 70 69 91 84 105 92020406080100120
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Jan-July
2015Females 13 14 18 15Males 9 3 8 2Total 1 23 93 91 76 39 20
0102030405060708090
100
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2012-July 2015
Source: Department on Struggle Against Human Trafficking, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Victims
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2005-July 2015
Source: Department on Struggle Against Human Trafficking, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
6 53
5
11 12 17
0
5
10
15
20
25
2012 2013 2014 Jan-July 2015
Females
Males
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Jan-July
2015Men 17 14 3 1Women 35 41 51 47Girls 1Boys 1Total 1 86 101 78 91 34 29
020406080
100120
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2012-July 2015
Source: Department on Struggle Against Human Trafficking, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by country of citizenship, 2012-July
2015
Source: Department on Struggle Against Human Trafficking, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
2012 2013 2014 Jan-July2015Sexual exploitaion 36 40 51 47Forced labour 17 16 3 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Azerbaijan -Domestic
trafficking, 6
Azerbaijan -Trafficked
abroad, 194
Other Eastern Europe and
Central Asia, 9
East Asia, 2
Detected Azerbaijani victims trafficked abroad, by country of exploitation, 2012-July 2015
Source: Department on Struggle Against Human Trafficking, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Turkey, 108Russian Federation, 40
Islamic Republic of Iran, 13
Western and Central Europe,
3
United Arab Emirates, 30
− Belarus − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Belarus covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects
Recorded cases of trafficking in persons and related offences, 2010-2015
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons and related offences, by gender, 2012-2015
Source: Ministry of Interior.
217
169
120
7150
99
0
50
100
150
200
250
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
2012 2013 2014 2015Females 26 11 10 11
Males 49 32 17 46
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons and related offences, by gender, 2010-2015
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons and related offences, by citizenship, 2012-2015
Source: Ministry of Interior.
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Females 26 20 16 9 3 6Males 59 18 21 18 14 19
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Belarus, 111
Russian Federation,
22
Western and Central
Europe, 9
Other, 4
Victims
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2010-2015
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2010-2015
Source: Ministry of Interior.
The victims reported during the period in question were mostly nationals of Belarus trafficked internally and/or abroad. In the year 2014, 16 victims from Viet Nam were detected by the local authorities. Other Eastern Europeans were detected in Belarus as victims of trafficking. Source: Ministry of Interior.
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Women 333 272 163 134 69 107Men 3 1 1 1 16 1Girls 26 19 40 12 10 9Boys 0 3 5 2 2 4
050
100150200250300350400
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Organs Removal 3 0 0 0 0 0Forced Labour 14 8 1 0 16 5Sexual Exploitation 345 287 208 149 81 116
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by country of exploitation, 2012-2015
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Belarus -Domestic
trafficking, 328
Russian Federation, 175
Turkey, 16Poland, 13
Germany, 15
Other Western and Central Europe, 20Other, 7
− Georgia − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Georgia covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects During the period 2013-2014, nine investigations were commenced for trafficking in persons; five for trafficking of adults and four for trafficking of children. All cases referred to trafficking for sexual exploitation, with the exception of one case investigated involving trafficking of adults for forced labour. In 2013, two persons were convicted of trafficking in persons. In 2014, four people were convicted; one Georgian citizen and three foreigners.
Source: Ministry of Justice. Victims Number of victims of trafficking detected and assisted, by gender and age, 2010-2014
Source: Committee of the Parties to the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings – GRETA Council of Europe.
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Children 1Adult women 13 6 7 9 5Adult men 5 1 25 4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
− Kazakhstan − The specific offence on trafficking in persons in Kazakhstan (Article 128 CC) covers trafficking for sexual exploitation and for forced labour, as well as other forms of trafficking listed in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Different articles of the criminal code are used to prosecute the offence of trafficking in persons, such as Abduction of a person with the purpose of exploitation (Art. 125 3b), Unlawful deprivation of liberty with the purpose of exploitation (Art. 126 3b), Luring of a minor into prostitution (Art. 132-1), Trafficking in minors (Art. 133), Luring into prostitution (Art. 270), Maintenance of brothels and procuring (Art. 271). Investigations and suspects Registered cases under trafficking in persons and trafficking in minors (Art. 128 and 133 of CC), 2011- September 2014
Source: The Commission on Human Rights under the presidency of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
2011 2012 2013 Jan-Sept2014
Cases registered undertrafficking in persons 25 19 33 16
Cases registered undertrafficking in minors 21 2 25 17
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Number of persons convicted under trafficking in persons and trafficking in minors (Art. 128 and 133 of CC), 2011- September 2014
Source: The Commission on Human Rights under the presidency of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Victims Victims of trafficking in persons assisted by IOM, by citizenship, 2012-2014
Source: The Commission on Human Rights under the presidency of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Between 2012 and 2014, 23 Kazakh victims of trafficking were repatriated by IOM from other countries, especially from the Russian Federation, from the Middle East, Southern Europe, North America, and East Asia.
Source: The Commission on Human Rights under the presidency of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
2011 2012 2013 Jan-Sept2014
Persons convicted fortrafficking in persons 14 5 7 3
Persons convicted fortrafficking in minors 9 7 14 18
02468
101214161820
Kazakhstan - Domestic Trafficking, 169
Uzbekistan, 161Kyrgyzstan, 26Tajikistan, 7East Asia, 5Other Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 8
− Kyrgyzstan − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Kyrgyzstan covers trafficking for sexual exploitation and for forced labour, as well as other forms of trafficking listed in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. In addition, the current legislation covers trafficking in adults and children. Investigations and suspects
Between 2008 and 2012, a total of 92 instances were investigated by the police in Kyrgyzstan. 47 cases were opened by law enforcement agencies and 26 cases resulted in convictions in that period. Number of cases of trafficking in persons recorded, 2008-2012
Source: IOM Extended Migration Country Profile Kyrgyzstan/ IOM Mapping on Irregular Migration in Central Asia.
25 25
139
20
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Victims Number of victims of trafficking in persons assisted by IOM in Kyrgyzstan, by country of destination
Source: IOM Mapping on Irregular Migration in Central Asia.
Russian Federation, 197
United Arab Emirates, 10
Kazakhstan, 220Kyrgyzstan, 86
Turkey, 20
− Republic of Moldova − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the Republic of Moldova all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Two different offences are used to prosecute human trafficking: trafficking in human beings (art. 165 of the criminal code) and trafficking in children (art. 206). Investigations and suspects
Number of initiated criminal cases of trafficking in persons, by type of offence, 2010-July 2015
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons - Art. 165,
by gender, 2010-July 2015
Source: General Prosecution Office.
140
111
151
135
151
82
21 24 20 20 24 19
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan-July2015Trafficking in Human Beings Trafficking in Children
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan-July2015
Women 15 16 14 25 12
Men 3 5 7 9 6
Total 48
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in children - Art. 206, by gender, 2010-July 2015
Source: General Prosecution Office
Most of the persons convicted between 2010 and July 2015 were citizens of the Republic of Moldova, while seven were foreigners (mainly citizens of other European countries).
Source: General Prosecution Office.
Victims
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2010-July 2015
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs.
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan-July2015
Women 2 1 1 3 1
Men 9 3 6 2
Total 5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan-July2015Women 104 174 153 152 39
Men 28 92 80 86 71
Adults 154
Girls 16 18 21 23 25
Children 27
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2011-July 2015
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Detected Moldovan victims of trafficking, by country of exploitation, 2012-July 2015
Source: Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and Family.
The authorities report that two victims detected in Moldova in the years 2013 and 2014 were Syrian citizens.
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs.
2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan-July2015Criminal activities 4
Removal of organs 1 2 1
Begging 1 14 24 53 18
Sexual exploitation 90 140 105 118 67
Forced labour 40 135 131 89 53
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Ukraine, 58
Russian Federation, 45
United Arab Emirates, 15
Western and Central Europe, 22
Domestic trafficking - Republic of
Moldova, 102
Other, 6
− Russian Federation − The specific offence of trafficking in persons in the Russian Federation (art.127.1 Criminal Code) covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. In addition, the authorities prosecute trafficking in persons by use of other articles of the Criminal Code, such as enticement into prostitution and pimping (art.240 and art.241). Other articles of the criminal code used to prosecuted trafficking cases are slave labour (art.127.2), illegal distribution of pornographic material (art.242), production and circulation of material or objects with pornographic depictions of minors (art.242.1) and the use of minors for the production of pornographic materials (art. 242.2). Investigations and suspects
Number of cases investigated for trafficking in persons and other related offences
(Art 120, 127.1, 127.2, 240, 241, 242, 242.1 and 242.2), 2012-2015
Source: Federal Statistical Monitoring Form 1-EGS.
2,701
3,555
2,876 2,717
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
2012 2013 2014 2015
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, (Art 120, 127.1, 127.2, 240, 241, 242, 242.1 and 242.2), 2012-2015
Source: Federal Statistical Monitoring Form 1-EGS.
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, (Art 120, 127.1, 127.2, 240, 241, 242, 242.1 and 242.2), 2012-2015
Source: Legal Division of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.
1,321
1,370
1,4481,473
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
2012 2013 2014 2015
939
1,245 1,3391,196
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2012 2013 2014 2015
Victims
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, according to the different articles of the criminal code used for the registration, 2012-2015
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
9775
126
83
156180
216 202
43
0
50
100
150
200
250
2012 2013 2014 2015
Victims of trafficking in persons and slave labour
Children victims of trafficking, enticement into and organizations of prostitution,production, illegal distrubution and use of minors for pornographic materialsChildren victims of use of minors for the production of pornographic material
− Tajikistan − The specific offence of Trafficking in Persons in Tajikistan (Art. 130.1 of the criminal code) covers sexual exploitation and forced labour, as well as other forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. New amendments were introduced to Article 167 (trafficking of minors) to include the criminal responsibility for purchase and sale of minors regardless of means and forms of enforcement and the consent of the child. In addition, other articles of the criminal code are used to prosecute trafficking cases, such as “illegal deprivation of liberty” (Art. 131) and “recruitment of people for exploitation” (Art. 132). Investigations and suspects
Persons convicted for trafficking in persons (art.130 CC) and related criminal
offences, by gender, 2012 – July 2015
Source: Prosecutor General of the Republic of Tajikistan. All the persons who were convicted during the reporting period were citizens of Tajikistan.
2012 2013 2014 Jan-July 2015Females 17 24 22 9Males 5 7 1 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Victims
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2012 – July 2015
Source: Prosecutor General of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2012 – July 2015
Source: Prosecutor General of the Republic of Tajikistan.
2012 2013 2014 Jan-July 2015Adult Men 5 12 14 5Adult Women 5 10 13 5Girls 3 3 2 2Boys 7 1 6 0
05
10152025303540
2012 2013 2014 Jan-July 2015Other 4Removal of organs 9 10 8 2Forced labour 3Sexual exploitation 3 9 8 5
0
5
10
15
20
25
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of trafficking, 2012 – July 2015
Source: Prosecutor General of the Republic of Tajikistan.
All victims detected by the national law enforcement were citizens of Tajikistan trafficked domestically or abroad. When trafficked abroad, all were trafficked to the United Arab Emirates, with the exception of one victim trafficked to Southern Europe
Source: Prosecutor General of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Victims assisted by IOM in Tajikistan, by country of destination, 2011-2013
Source: IOM Mapping on Irregular Migration in Central Asia.
2012 2013 2014 Jan-July 2015Tajik nationals tarffficked
internationally 3 9 12 5
Tajik nationals traffickedinternally 9 13 8 2
0
5
10
15
20
25
Russian Federation, 150
United Arab Emirates, 18
Tajikistan, 25
Kazakhstan, 12
Kyrgyzstan, 7
Afghanistan, 6
Turkey, 3
− Ukraine − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Ukraine all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects
Number of registered crimes for trafficking in persons, 2003-June 2015
Source: International Organization for Migration.
Victims
Victims of trafficking in persons identified by state authorities, 2012-2015
Source: Ministry of Social Policy.
289 269
415376 359
322279 257
197162
130 109 92
050
100150200250300350400450
13
4127
83
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2012 2013 2014 2015
Victims of trafficking in persons assisted by IOM, by age and gender, 2012-June 2015
Source: International Organization for Migration.
Victims of trafficking in persons assisted by IOM, by form of exploitation, 2007-June 2015
Source: International Organization for Migration.
2012 2013 2014 Jan-June2015Women 376 434 374 157Men 506 472 525 132Girls 13 13 4 3Boys 25 10 4
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Jan-
June2015
Other 3 13 22 5 7 7Mixed 33 7 23 30 5 1 1 0 0Begging 4 14 16 61 19 53 15 19 1Forced labour 503 404 337 612 574 761 829 825 265Sexual exploitation 581 392 397 369 203 125 78 52 26
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Victims of trafficking in persons assisted by IOM, by citizenship, 2012-June2015
Source: International Organization for Migration.
Russian Federation,
2,231
Ukraine -domestic
trafficking, 248
Poland, 298
Other Western and Central Europe, 123
Other Eastern Europe and
Central Asia, 64
Middle East, 85Other ,
11
− Uzbekistan − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Uzbekistan covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects Recorded cases of trafficking in persons, 2010-June 2015
Source: Statistical data from the Information Centre of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2010-June 2015
Source: Statistical data from the Information Centre of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Jan-
June2015
Cases of trafficking inpersons recorded 718 597 574 517 530 167
0100200300400500600700800
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan-June2015
Females 342 331 350 454 420 152Males 505 323 380 294 299 109
0100200300400500600700800900
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2010-June 2015
Source: Statistical data from the Information Centre of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The authorities report that the vast majority of the persons convicted were citizens of Uzbekistan. Less than 20 of the persons convicted between 2012 and June 2015 were foreigners. Source: Statistical data from the Information Centre of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Victims Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2010-June 2015
Source: Statistical data from the Information Centre of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan-June2015
Females 389 335 294 340 329 144Males 593 368 332 310 312 117
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Women
Men
Girls
Boys
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2010-June 2015
Source: Statistical data from the Information Centre of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2012-June2015
Source: Statistical data from the Information Centre of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Organ removal
Trafficking of new bornbabies
Forced labour
Sexual exploitation
Uzbekistan -Domestic
trafficking, 438
Russian Federation,
2161
Kazakhstan, 1500
Other Eastern
Europe and Central Asia,
66
South Asia, 62East Asia,
113United Arab
Emirates, 192
Turkey, 205
Other, 8
