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Name: _____________________________Earths’ Surface was formed from a variety of geologic processes
Process/Landform Definition Picture What could affect its formationConstructive Force processes that
build up Earth's crust, create new landforms, or add sediment to existing areas of land
Destructive Force processes that break down rocks and landforms and carry sediment away
Mechanical Weathering
Breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by PHYSICAL meansEx: Ice, wind, water, gravity, plants, animals
Chemical Weathering
The process by which rocks break down as a result of CHEMICAL reactionsEx: Water, Acid Precipitation, groundwater acid, acid in living things, air
Name: _____________________________Erosion The process by
which soil and sediment is transported from one location to another
Deposition The process by which sediments are released (dropped)
Agents responsible for Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition
Running Water (Streams and Rivers)Moving Ice (Glaciers)Ocean WavesWindMass Wasting (Huge amounts of rock/sediment moving downhill)
Streams and Rivers Erosion starts upstream and deposition happens downstreamSediment is smooth because of weathering (water rolling over the sediment)Young rivers have faster erosionMature Rivers have more deposition
Name: _____________________________Deposition happens mostly at mouth of ocean/lake and inside bends of rivers/streams
Faster Erosion
More Deposition
Floodplains A nearly flat expanse of land that stretches from the banks of a slow, meandering river
Glacial Erosion Glacier - a large body of snow and ice that forms on land and does not melt annuallyCreates U shaped valleysSmooth bedrock beneath and on sides of valleyRocks trapped in
Name: _____________________________glacier cut lines into bedrock
Moraines – deposit of sediment that forms at the edge of a glacier as it pauses
Till - Sediment directly deposited by glacial ice as it melts
Drumlins - Hills molded from till by glaciers moving over it
Outwash Plains - Broad, flat area in front of a glacier where large amounts of sediment are deposited by glacial melt water
Kettles – Large depression left when ice meltsKettle lakes form when water wills the depression
Name: _____________________________Erratic - a rock or boulder
that differs from the surrounding rock and is believed to have been brought from a distance by glacial action
Eskers - A long, narrow, winding ridge composed of sand and gravel deposited by a glacier
Cliffs - A vertical, or near vertical, rock exposure
Sea Stacks - landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast
Name: _____________________________Beach - Sand is deposited
by waves
Spits - A depositional landform found off coasts where at one end, spits connect to land, and extend into the water
Barrier Islands - a coastal landform and a type of barrier system, are exceptionally flat and lumpy areas of sand, that are parallel to the mainland coast
Wind Weathering, erosion, and deposition by wind is common in:Arid reqions with no veggitation so sediment is exposed.Along costal regions where wind is activeDeserts where sandblasting occurs
Name: _____________________________Yardangs - A hill carved
from bedrock by the dual action of wind abrasion, from dust and sand
Dunes - Hills formed by deposition of sandAlong coasts and in deserts
Mass Wasting - Materials such as rock and sediment move downhill because of gravityThreat to humans and their propertyMass wasting can be:Dry or wetSlow or fastLarge chunks or small particles
Avalanche - a rapid flow of snow down a sloping surface
Name: _____________________________Soil Creep - the slow downward
progression of rock and soil down a low grade slope
Mudslides - a rapid movement of a large mass of mud formed from loose dirt and water
Rockfall - quantities of rock falling freely from a cliff
Landslides - the sudden movement of large amounts of loose soil, rocks, and other materials as they fall or slide downward due to gravity