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Earthing and lightningprotection
Edition 1 2010
Contents
About us 2
Building industry – system solutions 4
Power industry – system solutions 6
Telecommunications – system solutions 8
Revolution in the earthing system 10
Galmar earthing system 11
Galmar vertical rods 11
Earth plates 13
Clamps 13
Additional accessories 15
Galmar Resistivity 18
Conductors 19
Galmar lightning protection 22
Air terminals 22
Equipotential installation fittings 26
Additional elements 27
Galconnect system 28
Galmarweld system 31
Lightning protection – theory 37
Galmar products quality 41
Index 47
Rev. 2011.04.04
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:20042
Galmar head office and laboratories
About us
Copper tape automatic production line
The company Galmar was founded in 1969 by Janusz and Krystyna Marciniak in Poznan, Poland and till date is a family run business. With manifesto of ‘Quality & Customer satisfaction’ now over a span of few tens of years, company has establi-shed its credentials outside Poland as well, in most of the world markets, in coun-tries such as: Algeria, Australia, Bela-rus, Belgium, China, Czech Republic,Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, nland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Holland, Latvia, Libya, Lithuania, Malaysia, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia,Sudan, Sweden, Thailand, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates and United States.
The Company’s main product are Copper Bonded Earth Rods. To cope up with the existing product acceptance vastly, present production capacity is raised to 100 000 earth rods per month. Nevertheless to men-tion the production is strictly of 250 microns copper coating and according to relevant International, European, British Standards. Also, the product is accredited with UL and KEMA certification and supplied to custo-mers according to their specific requirement of Inspection Certificates from independent laboratories such as Bureau Verities, SGS or Lloyds etc.
Further to support the customers with wider range of earthing/lightning protec-tion products, the company has diver-sified to produce copper tapes, copper--bonded steel rods, copper-bonded steel tapes and wires, clamps and accessories for lightning and overvoltage protection. Currently the total production space is 30 000 square meters.
Production plant of total area 30 000 m2
Automatic line for copper-plating steel rods to get copper layer thickness of 0.250 mm
Line for copper-plating steel conductorsto get copper layer thickness of 0.070 mm
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 3
Simulation of lightning strike into GSM tower at Galmar high voltage laboratory
About us
Consultants of Galmar company: prof. Zdobyslaw Flisowski – in the center, dr Marek Loboda – right, Managing Director of Galmar Poland Mr. Robert Marciniak – left
All the products introduced in the mar-ket are backed up with incessant work and successful results from our Research & Development Division, which carries High Voltage Laboratory for lightning discharge simulation, and laboratory for analysis of ear-thing systems, efficiency and examination of corrosion resistance of various metals.
To support the development of the pro-ducts, the company has cooperation and guidance from renowned World Level Scien-tist in the field of lightning and overvoltage protection – Professor Zdobyslaw Flisowski of University of Warsaw, Poland.
To keep up with our commitment of effective interaction and technical support, company has recently opened the office specifically for Middle East Asia in Dubai, in ‘2006. The aim to establish this office is not only to have closer interaction with customers in this region and cater to urgent needs of customers from stocks maintained in Jebel Ali Free Zone, Dubai, UAE but will also provide technical support for design of earthing/lightning and overvoltage pro-tection.
Polish designing team providing support to the customers
Managing Director of Galmar Poland Mr. Robert Marciniak – right, electrical engineers – left
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:20044
Building industry – system solutions
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 5
Building industry – system solutions
Galmar conductors
Galmar lightning protection
Galmar earth rods
Galmar earthing system
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:20046
Power industry – system solutions
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 7
Power industry – system solutions
Galmar Resistivity
Galmarweld system
Galconnect system
Galmar earth rods
Galmar earthing system
Galmar conductors
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:20048
Telecommunications – system solutions
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 9
Telecommunications – system solutions
Galmar Resistivity
Galmarweld system
Galconnect system
Galmar earth rods
Galmar earthing system
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004
Galmar conductors
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200410
Revolution in the earthing system
We encourage you to get familiar with our new Galmar product – innovative and unique, thereby pro-viding an effective and efficient solution. Copper-bonded steel tape, with a thickness of copper layer 0.070 mm, in combination with copper-bonded steel earth rods of copper thickness 0.250 mm – a reliable, complete solution for earthing system and an economical substitution for copper con-ductors, thereby meeting the same requirements for corrosion resistance and that too at a much better price.
Standard productCopper-bonded steel earth rodwith 0.250 mm (min.) copper thickness
Importance of copper coating:Why copper thickness of 0.250 mm for copper-bonded steel earth rod?In case of copper-bonded steel earth rods, copper coating of minimum 0.250 mm is very essential because the rods are driven vertically inside the ground and thereby experiencing high mechanical stress from its surrounding materials like stones and pebbles, which can result into loss of copper coating of about 0.150 mm. Thus, even after installation, the copper-bonded rods will have a copper coating of 0.100 mm, which is technically sufficient for protection against corrosion. That’s the reason why is very much essential for copper-bonded earth rods to have minimum copper thickness of 0.250 mm.
Why copper thickness of 0.070 mm for copper-bonded steel tape?In case of copper-bonded steel tape, copper coating of 0.070 mm is technically well-justified and effi-cient because generally, from earthing point of view, the tape is installed horizontally in the trenches and thereby experiencing less mechanical stress (as compared to vertically driven copper-bonded rods) from its surrounding materials like stones, pebbles, etc. Thus, owing to the same reason, copper thickness of 0.070 mm is sufficient enough for copper-bonded tape to resist corrosion effectively and thereby providing longer performance period.
New productCopper-bonded steel tapewith a thickness of copper layer 0.070 mm (min.)
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 11
Driving head dimensions
steel1/2
5/8
3/4
G108 01
G108 02
G108 03
0.05
0.08
0.12
Diameter of rod
inch
Material Weight
kg
Cat. no.
Threaded coupling dimensions (hexagonal shape)
Diameter of rod
inch
Material
bronze1/2
5/8
3/4
G104 11
G104 12
G104 13
Cat. no.
0.09
0.08
0.13
Weight
kg
Galmar earthing system
Galmar vertical rods
Galmar vertical copper-bonded earth rods, threadedThey are made of molecularly bonded 99.9% pure electrolytic copper onto a low carbon steel
core. The steel core is a bar drawn to the required diameter. Galmar rods are highly resistant to corrosion, and because the steel used has a high tensile strength 600 N/mm2, they can be driven by vibrohammers to great depths. The copper jacket is 0.250 mm thick at all points and it ensures a life expectancy of greater than 30 years.
The threads at the tips of a rod are rolled after copper bonding process, and both steel and copper are rolled into the thread, making it exceptionally strong.
Connection of the rods using threaded coupling comply with the requirements of EN 50164-2 „Lightning protection components (LPC). Requirements for conductors and earth electrodes”.
Threaded earth rod dimensions
Type
of thread
inch
Diameter
of rod
mm
Length
of thread
mm
Rod length* Cat. no.Material
steel
copper-bonded
to thickness
of 0.250 mm
1/2
5/8
3/4
12.8
14.2
17.2
30
30
34
4
5
6
8
10
4
5
6
8
10
4
5
6
8
10
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.4
3
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.4
3
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.4
3
G100 01
G100 02
G100 03
G100 04
G100 05
G100 11
G100 12
G100 13
G100 14
G100 15
G100 21
G100 22
G100 23
G100 24
G100 25
1.20
1.50
1.80
2.40
3.00
1.50
1.80
2.30
3.12
3.80
2.20
2.75
3.40
4.35
5.44
feet m
Weight
kg
* for special orders we supply different rod lengths up to 3 m
Tip
Driving head
Coupling
Rod
Coupling
Rod
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200412
Galmar earthing system
Vertical stainless steel and solid copper earth rodsDue to high resistance to corrosion, both stainless steel and solid copper earth rods
are used in applications where soil is aggressive, pH value is below 3 or above 8. In such conditions, applications of these types of rods guarantee constant resistance for many years.
Connection of the rods using coupling dowel comply with the requirements of EN 50164-2 „Lightning protection components (LPC). Requirements for conductors and earth electrodes”. This type of rods is intended to be driven at the depth of 4.5 metres maximum.
Stainless steel earth rod dimensions
Accessories for vertical stainless steel earth rods
driving stud
coupling dowel
spike
G108 51
G104 51
G106 51
Accessories Cat. no.Material
0.02stainless steel
Weight
kg
Solid copper earth rod dimensions
Material
copper15
20
G101 02
G101 03
Cat. no.
1.2
1.2
1.88
3.35
Weight
kg
Length
m
Diameter
mm
Material
stainless steel14 G100 51
Cat. no.
1.5 1.70
Weight
kg
Length
m
Diameter
mm
Driving stud
Spike
Rod
Couplingdowel
Rod
5/8; 3/4
1/2
1/2
G109 01
G109 07
G109 08
Cat. no.Kind of driving head
1.35
1.70
1.35
with a hole
without a hole
with a hole
Weight
kg
Tup for driving head
inch
Tup for Galmar threaded copper-bonded earth rodTup is to carry percussive hammer oscillations on driving head for Galmar threaded copper-bonded earth rod (for hammers with SDS-Max fitting only)
Pointed hardened steel tip dimensions
steel1/2
5/8
3/4
G106 01
G106 02
G106 03
0.04
0.04
0.05
Diameter of rod
inch
Material Cat. no.Weight
kg
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 13
Accessories for vertical solid copper earth rods
driving stud for rod dia. 14-16 mm
driving stud for rod dia. 20 mm
coupling dowel for rod dia. 14-16 mm
coupling dowel for rod dia. 20 mm
spike for rod dia. 14-16 mm
spike for rod dia. 20 mm
G108 98
G108 97
G104 98
G104 97
G106 98
G106 97
Accessories Cat. no.Material
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
stainless steel
Weight
kg
Galmar earthing system
Earth plates
Earth plate – solid copper
600 x 600 x 1.5
900 x 900 x 1.5
600 x 600 x 3
900 x 900 x 3
G110 44
G110 45
G110 46
G110 47
Cat. no.Material
5.00
11.20
10.00
22.00
copper
Weight
kg
Size
mm
Earth plate – lattice copper
600 x 600 x 3
900 x 900 x 3
G110 48
G110 49
Cat. no.Material
4.00
7.20
copper
Weight
kg
Size
mm
Clamps
Rod to conductor clampsRod to cable clamp – suitable for use with circular copper conductor
Note: Clamps buried underground should be protected with Denso tape (see page 16).
Dimensions Conductor
material
St/Cu or Cu3/8
1/2
5/8; 3/4
G103 13
G103 17
G103 18
Cat. no.
9.6
12.8
14.2; 17.2
0.03
0.05
0.06
rod St/Cu
inch
6-35
16-50
16-95
wire/cable
mm2
Weight
kg
mm
Material
bronze,
copper bolt
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200414
Galmar earthing system
Note: Clamps buried underground should be protected with Denso tape (see page 16).
„U” bolt rod clamps„U” bolt rod clamp enables to connect earth rod to copper or copper-bonded steel tape. „U” bolt threaded M10
Dimensions Material
bronze,
copper bolt
1/2
3/4
5/8
G103 81
G103 82
G103 83
Cat. no.
12.8
17.2
14.2
0.20
0.20
0.26
rod St/Cu
–
–
to 25 mm
tape width
parallel
to rod
tape width
squarely
to rod
mm
25-40
25-40
25-40
Weight
kg
inch mm
Conductor
material
St/Cu
or Cu
„U” bolt rod to cable clamp enables to connect earth rod to cable
Dimensions Conductor
material
St/Cu
or Cu
5/8
3/4
5/8
3/4
G103 84
G103 85
G103 86
G103 87
Cat. no.
14.2
17.2
14.2
17.2
0.39
rod St/Cu
16-95
16-70
70-185
70-150
cable
mm2
Weight
kg
inch mm
Material
bronze,
copper bolt
cat. no. G103 81cat. no. G103 82
cat. no. G103 83
Rod to tape clamp – suitable for use with copper tape or copper-bonded steel tape
Dimensions Conductor
material
St/Cu or Cu1/2
5/8
3/4
1/2
1/2
5/8
5/8
5/8
5/8
3/4
3/4
G103 14
G103 06
G103 07
G103 15
G103 08
G103 09
G103 10
G103 19
G103 16
G103 21
G103 22
Cat. no.
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
0.15
0.15
0.23
0.15
0.15
0.23
0.24
0.30
0.15
0.15
0.23
rod St/Cu
26 x 8
26 x 12
26 x 20
26 x 8
26 x 12
26 x 18
40 x 12
51 x 8
26 x 10
26 x 12
26 x 18
tape
mm
Weight
kg
mminch
Material
bronze,
copper bolt
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 15
Galmar earthing system
Additional accessories
330 x 330 x 150 x 75
258 x 258 x 215 x 160
258 x 258 x 215 x 160
260 x 215 x 210 x 110
G114 01
G114 02
G114 02A
G114 04
Cat. no.Material
25.00
2.10
11.50
2.60
concrete
plastic pit with
hardened cover
Weight
kg
Dimensions
length x width x height x depth
mm
cat. no. G113 01
Lubricating medium for couplings of threaded earthing rodsIt is used for additional protection of contacts inside coupling. When connecting rods with
coupling, we recommend to pour little paste into coupling. It can also be used as lubricating medium for driving stud making easy to screw it out.
cat. no. G114 07
cat. no. G114 08
cat. no. G107 04
Report of earth resistance measurementsAllows to record all essential information on earthing resistance measurements and its
configuration. This information can be useful during next inspection of earthing system.
Waterproof markerSuitable for filling out the earthing resistance measurements report.
Isolating coilIsolating coil is positioned between two different earth electrodes to eliminate influence
of fault and high frequency currents.
cat. no. G114 01
cat. no. G114 02
cat. no. G114 04
cat. no. G114 02A
Galmar inspection pits Enable to control rod – earthing conductor connections with no problems as well as to make time earth resistance measurements.Pit G114 04 can be mounted in different kind of hardened surfaces (recommended for areas with setts because of specially designed reinforced flange). Pit G114 02 can be mounted only in surfaces hardened with concrete or asphalt
Inspection pit earth bar for plastic pits G114 02 and G114 04Pits number: G114 02 and G114 04 can be equipped with equipotential earth bar enables connection of five bus bars (tapes) of max. size 30 x 4 mm. Earth bar fit into the slots provided in the inspection pit. cat. no. G114 06
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200416
Galmar earthing system
Insulating tape for wrapping underground joints – Denso typeDenso tape protects underground connections from soil and electrochemical corrosion
30
50
G103 55
G103 56
Cat. no.Length
m
0.58
0.93
10
10
Weight
kg
Width
mm
Protective shieldThermoshrinkable shield protects from access of damp to connection.
Protective sleeveWhen galvanized tape is connected to copper or to copper plated element buried underground,
this sleeve is to protect galvanized tape from electrochemical corrosion.
cat. no. G112 01
Hammer for earth rod drivingElectric percussive hammer – GSH 11 E BOSCH with SDS-Max fastening for driving rods
into ground. It is lightweight and enables driving down to great depths. Longer earth rods (more than 1.8 m) can be driven from ladder, and shorter just from ground.
cat. no. G103 58
cat. no. G103 54
cat. no. GN00 02
cat. no. G107 03
Earth electrodesEarth electrodes for earthing resistance and soil resistivity measuring devices. Electrodes
are made of galvanized steel. Dimensions: length 600 mm, diameter 16 mm.
Acid-base indicator/soil pHA set for measuring soil pH allows to check the soil reaction which helps to choose the
proper material for particular (given) conditions.
Copper thickness gaugeGauge to measure thickness of the metal coating without destroying the coat. Thickness
range: 0-1999 μm.
cat. no. G106 12
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 17
Galmar earthing system
cat. no. G106 11
Plate – earthingSignal plate, determinate plate installed earth electrode. Plate made of sheet aluminum,
powder painting. Dimensions 150 x 150 mm.
cat. no. GA00 10
Earthing resistance and soil resistivity testersMegger earthing resistance testers produced by AVO are excellent. Characterized by top
technical parameters, Megger is very well adjusted to difficult real field conditions. Fully automation causes that incorrect reading is not possible. The instrument checks the conditions that may cause an improper reading during a test.
Megger DET4TCR2– 2, 3 and 4 point testing at the turn of a switch,– attached Rod Technique (ART) enabled,– stakeless measurements enabled,– user selectable test frequency,– simple one button operation,– automatic circuit checking,– rechargeable,– user selectable output voltage,– backlit display,– weather and dust proof to IP54.
Megger DET3TD– 2 and 3 point testing,– selectable 25 V or 50 V output,– complete with lead and stake kit,– simple one button operation,– hardwearing carry case,– delivered with calibration certificate,– IP54 rated. cat. no. GA00 03
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200418
Galmar Resistivity
a) cat. no. G107 01b) cat. no. G107 02
Galmar ResistivityGalmar Resistivity is fine powder which increases surface area of earth electrode thus
reducing resistance to earth.Galmar Resistivity is packed in the boxes of 25 kg:
a) mixed with cement,b) without cement – needs to be mixed with Portland cement before using in following proportion: Galmar Resistivity : cement 3 : 1
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 19
Conductors
Green & yellow PVC insulated copper tapeHigh conductivity copper tape to EN 13601. UV stabilized PVC
25 x 3 G110 23
Cat. no.
0.79
Weight*
kg/m
X x Y
mm
PVC insulated copper
Material
Copper tapeHigh conductivity copper tape to EN 13601. Sale unit is kilogram
25 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
25 x 4
25 x 6
50 x 3
50 x 6
G110 03(25M)
G110 03(50M)
G110 11(20M)
G110 11(50M)
G110 12(40M)
G110 20(40M)
G110 22(20M)
Cat. no.
25
50
20
50
40
40
20
Standard coil size
m
X x Y
mm
0.67
0.67
0.90
0.90
1.33
1.33
2.68
Weight*
kg/m
copper
Material
12.5 x 1.5
25 x 3
25 x 6
G110 24
G110 25
G110 26
Cat. no.
0.17
0.67
1.33
Weight*
kg/m
X x Y
mm
Material
tinned copper
Tinned copper tapeHigh conductivity copper tape to EN 13601, electrolytically tinned
15 x 1.4
25 x 3.5
G110 27
G110 28
Cat. no.
0.09
0.34
Weight*
kg/m
X x Y
mm
Material
copper
Flexible copper braidHigh conductivity copper wire. Suitable for earth bonding
X x Y
mm
Cat. no.
20 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
60
40
30
30
0.50
0.62
0.82
0.98
G110 72(60M)
G110 73(40M)
G110 74(30M)
G110 75(30M)
Material Weight*
kg/m
Standard coil size
m
steel copper-bonded
to thickness of 0.070 mm
Copper-bonded steel tapeSteel tape is molecularly bonded in electrolytic process with copper of thickness 0.070 mm. Copper coating protects against corrosion throughout the tens of years. Sale unit is kilogram
* the tolerance of weight ±5%
* the tolerance of weight ±5%
* the tolerance of weight ±5%
* the tolerance of weight ±5%
* the tolerance of weight ±5%
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200420
Green & yellow PVC covered stranded copper conductorSoft drawn stranded copper conductor. UV stabilized PVC
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
G111 16
G111 17
G111 18
G111 19
G111 20
G111 21
G111 22
G111 23
G111 24
G111 25
G111 26
G111 27
Cat. no.Stranding
quantity/mm
0.19
0.29
0.41
0.53
0.73
1.00
1.16
1.54
2.01
2.49
3.05
3.90
7/1.70
7/2.14
7/2.52
19/1.78
19/2.14
19/2.52
37/2.03
37/2.25
37/2.52
61/2.25
61/2.52
61/2.85
Weight
kg/m
Size
mm2
Material
PVC insulated copper
Conductors
Stranded copper conductorSoft drawn stranded copper conductor
6
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
G111 06
G111 07
G111 08
G111 09
G111 10
G111 11
G111 12
G111 13
G111 14
G111 15
Cat. no.Stranding
quantity/mm
0.05
0.15
0.23
0.32
0.43
0.62
0.86
1.09
1.33
1.67
7/1.04
7/1.70
7/2.14
7/2.52
19/1.78
19/2.14
19/2.52
37/2.03
37/2.25
37/2.52
Weight
kg/m
Size
mm2
Material
copper
Copper wireHigh conductivity copper wire. Sale unit is kilogram
∅ 6
∅ 8
G111 02
G111 03
Cat. no.
0.25
0.45
Weight*
kg/m
Diameter
mm
Material
copper
* the tolerance of weight ±5%
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 21
PVC covered solid circular conductorHigh conductivity copper conductor. UV stabilized PVC
Conductor Colour
range
copper
aluminium
G111 35
G111 36
G111 37
G111 38
G111 39
G111 40
G111 41
G111 42
G111 43
G111 44
Cat. no.
8
8
0.49
0.18
Weight
kg/m
Diameter
mm
Material
PVC insulated copper
PVC insulated aluminium
black
grey
stone
white
brown
black
grey
stone
white
brown
Hard drawn copper bar Hard drawn high conductivity copper bar supply in 3 meters length
25 x 3
25 x 6
38 x 6
50 x 6
50 x 10
75 x 6
50 x 6
G110 50
G110 51
G110 52
G110 53
G110 54
G110 55
G110 56
Cat. no.Type
2.10
4.10
6.40
8.10
13.40
12.40
8.20
bare hard
drawn bar
tinned hard
drawn bar
Weight
kg
X x Y
mm
Material
copper
Anti-vandal down conductor guardHot-dip galvanized steel guard to protect down conductor against destruction
3 G119 08
Cat. no.
2.90
Weight
kg
Length
m
Material
hot-dip galvanized steel
Conductors
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200422
Galmar lightning protection
Air terminals
Multiple pointMultiple point – can be used at top of taper pointed air rod of dia. 16 mm
16 G115 22
Cat. no.Material
0.27copper
Weight
kg
Rod diameter
mm
Taper pointed air rodTaper pointed air rods – made of solid copper. Rods of dia. 16 mm can be installed with multiple point
Rod length
m
Material
copper0.5
1
0.5
1
2
G115 28
G115 29
G115 19
G115 20
G115 21
Cat. no.
10
10
16
16
16
0.37
0.72
0.73
1.51
3.00
Weight
kg
Rod diameter
mm
Flat saddleBase for air terminal of dia. 16 mm – for installation on flat horizontal surfaces
Conductor size
mm
Conductor
material
St/Cu or Cu∅ 6-10; tape 3 x 25
tape 3 x 25
G115 23M
G115 23
Cat. no.
1.03
0.35
Weight
kg
Material
bronze
Ridge saddle for air terminal of dia. 16 mm – for installation on ridges
Conductor size
mm
Conductor
material
St/Cu or Cutape 3 x 25 G115 25
Cat. no.
1.07
Weight
kg
Material
bronze
Rod brackets for air terminal of dia. 16 mm – for installation on vertical surfaces
Conductor material
St/Cu or Cu G115 73
Cat. no.
0.90
Weight
kg
Material
bronze
Rod to tape coupling for air terminal of dia. 16 mm
Conductor material
St/Cu or Cu G115 74
Cat. no.
0.25
Weight
kg
Material
bronze
cat. no. G115 23M
cat. no. G115 23
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 23
Galmar lightning protection
Base for air terminal of dia. 10 mm – enables to install air terminal on horizontal or vertical surfaces
Conductor diameter
mm
Base assembly Conductor
material
St/Cu or Cu G115 26
G115 27
Cat. no.
0.30
Weight
kg
Material
bronze∅ 6-10
∅ 6-10
vertical
horizontal
Roof conductor holder for flat roofsRoof conductor holder – fastened by gluing to the roof
∅ 6
∅ 8
tape to 31 x 3
G117 10
G117 11
G117 13
Cat. no.Material
1.15plastic,
concrete
Weight
kg
Conductor size
mm
Conductor
material
St/Cu or Cu
Holders, distance and fastening clampsBack plate holdfast stem increasing distance from wall clamps. For use with saddle (cat. no. G115 06, G115 07 and G115 08)
St/Cu or Cu G115 57
Cat. no.Material
0.30bronze
Weight
kg
Conductor material
Heavy duty cast cable saddle for down conductor placed on the wall. Hole of dia. 6 mm enables to fix clamp to wall
Conductor size
mm
Conductor
material
Distance
mm
8
8
8
G115 07
G115 08
G115 06
Cat. no.
0.10
0.07
0.16
Weight
kg
bronze∅ 6-10
25 x 3
50 x 6
St/Cu or Cu wire
St/Cu or Cu tape
Material
Tape clip
20 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 3
G115 76
G115 77
G115 78
Cat. no.
0.02
Conductor material
St/Cu or Cu
PVC covered tape
Weight
kg
Conductor size
mm
copper
Material
Test and disconnection clampsTest clamp for straight through joints. Enables to connect wire or tape to wire, both made of copper or copper-bonded steel. Not fastened to elevation
Conductor size
mm
Conductor
material
St/Cu or Cuwire ∅ 6-10, tape 3 x 25
wire ∅ 6-10, wire ∅ 6-10
G115 01
G115 09
Cat. no.
0.20
Weight
kg
bronze
Material
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200424
Galmar lightning protection
Test joint clamp wire to tapeClamp enables to connect wire or tape to tape in straight line. Not fastened to elevation
Conductor size
mm
Conductor
material
St/Cu or Cu wire ∅ 6-10, tape up to 35 G115 62
Cat. no.
0.21
Weight
kg
copper, copper
bolts
Material
Square clamps (wire to wire)Clamp suitable for cross connection of down conductor with horizontal air terminal installed on roof
Conductor diameter
mm
Conductor
material
St/Cu or Cu∅ 6-10 G115 10
Cat. no.
0.17
Weight
kg
bronze
Material
Tee clamp enables triangular connection of conductors
Conductor diameter
mm
Conductor
material
St/Cu or Cu∅ 6-10 G115 02
Cat. no.
0.17
Weight
kg
bronze
Material
Multipurpose connection clamp for universal use enables cross, T and parallel connection of the conductors
Conductor diameter
mm
Conductor
material
St/Cu or Cu∅ 8 G115 51
Cat. no.
0.10
Weight
kg
copper, copper
bolt
Material
Earth pointsIt is used to pass the down-conductor across the concrete construction
No. of M8 holes Conductor size
no front plate
25 x 3 mm or 70
25 x 3 mm or 8 mm dia.
no front plate
mm2
4
2
2
2
G115 79
G115 81
G115 83
G115 85
Cat. no.
0.41
0.44
0.44
0.28
Weight
kg
bronze
Material
Earth points pre welded tails
Conductor size
as cat. no. G115 79 with 0.5 m long tail
of 70 PVC covered cablemm
as cat. no. G115 81 with 0.5 m long tail
of 70 mm PVC covered cable
as cat. no. G115 83 with 0.5 m long tail
of 70 mm PVC covered cable
2
2
2
G115 80
G115 82
G115 84
Cat. no.
0.56
0.84
0.84
Weight
kg
bronze
Material
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 25
Galmar lightning protection
Square tape clamp
Conductor size
mm
Conductor
material
St/Cu or Cu25 x 3
25 x 6
50 x 6
G115 32
G115 34
G115 33
Cat. no.
0.23
0.42
0.98
Weight
kg
bronze
Material
Oblong test or junction clamp
Conductor size
mm
Conductor
material
St/Cu or Cu≤ 26 x 8 G115 36
Cat. no.
0.26
Weight
kg
bronze
Material
Plate type test clamp
Conductor size
mm
Conductor
material
St/Cu or Cu≤ 26 x 12 G115 86
Cat. no.
0.62
Weight
kg
bronze
Material
Screwdown test clamp
Conductor size
mm
Conductor
material
St/Cu or Cu≤ 26 x 8 G115 87
Cat. no.
0.84
Weight
kg
bronze
Material
Test clamp
Conductor size
mm2
Conductor
material
St/Cu or Cu50
70
95
G115 88
G115 89
G115 90
Cat. no.
0.39
0.40
0.40
Weight
kg
bronze
Material
Square conductor clamp
Conductor size
mm2
Conductor
material
St/Cu or Cu50
70
95
G115 91
G115 92
G115 93
Cat. no.
0.32
0.29
0.25
Weight
kg
bronze
Material
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200426
Galmar lightning protection
Gutter clampEnables to connect conductor to gutter rim, connecting conductor through gutter clamp. Faste-ned by screwing down to gutter rim
Conductor diameter
mm
Conductor
material
For rims of
mm
16-22 G115 45
Cat. no.
0.14
Weight
kg
copper,
copper
bolt
∅ 6-10 St/Cu or Cu
Material
Clamps for connecting conductors to all types of metal structures and sheetsMetalwork bonding to connect conductors to all types of metal structures up to 13 mm thick. To fix clamp to metal structure should screw down bolts inside gripping jaw of clamp
Conductor diameter
mm
Conductor
material
St/Cu or Cu∅ 6-10 G115 48
Cat. no.
0.37
Weight
kg
bronze
Material
Tower earth clamp to bond conductor to steelwork with bolt of size M10. To fasten clamp to steelwork one should make hole for bolt
Conductor diameter
mm
Conductor
material
St/Cu or Cu∅ 6-10 G115 16
Cat. no.
0.13
Weight
kg
bronze
Material
Equipotential installation fittings
Flexible braid bondFlexible copper braid for bonding gates, doors, fences etc., in order to equalise potential. Holes diameter 11 mm
Width x thickness x length
mm
25 x 3.5 x 400 G115 61
Cat. no.
0.15
Weight
kg
Material
copper
Saddle clamp to connect conductor to sheet by lengthwise and crosswise conductor mounting. Clamp jaw grips with sheet inside when screwing down. Sheet thickness from 0.7 to 8 mm
Conductor diameter
mm
Conductor
material
Clamping range
mm
0.7-8 G115 49
Cat. no.
0.11
Weight
kg
copper,
copper bolt
∅ 6-10 St/Cu or Cu
Material
Saddle clamp to connect conductor to steelwork or sheet. Clamp jaw grips with sheet inside when screwing down. Sheet thickness or steelwork – from 1 to 12 mm
Conductor diameter
mm
Conductor
material
Clamping range
mm
0.7-8 G115 50
Cat. no.
0.23
Weight
kg
bronze∅ 6-10 St/Cu or Cu
Material
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 27
Galmar lightning protection
Equipotential earth barsEnables connection: two conductors dia. 7-10 mm (50 mm2) or one conductor of dia.
7-10 mm and one tape 30 x 3.5 mm, and seven copper conductors of 2.5-25 mm2.
cat. no. G119 03
cat. no. G119 01
Enables connection: seven conductors dia. 7-10 mm, and two of dia. 7-12 mm or tape 30 x 3.5 mm.
Enables connection of five bus bars (tapes) of max. size 30 x 4 mm. cat. no. G119 02
Additional elements
Aerial mast diverterAerial mast diverter to connect down conductor to aerial mast, protecting from atmospheric
discharges. cat. no. G200 19
Lightning strikes counterCounter records the number of lightning strikes – lightning current impulses flowing through
the down conductor. cat. no. G200 24
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200428
Galconnect system
„C” ClampClamp „C” should be pressed on the conductor using the hydraulic press
Dimensions Jaws
cat. no.conductor I
mm2
G120 05
G120 06
G120 05
G120 05
G120 06
G120 06
G120 06
G120 07
G120 07
G120 07
G120 07
G120 08
G120 08
G120 08
G120 09
G120 09
G120 09
G120 09
G120 10
G120 10
G120 10
50
70
70
95
70
95
120
70
95
120
120
120
150
185
150
185
185
240
185
185
240
G120 41
G120 41
G120 41
G120 42
G120 42
G120 42
G120 43
G120 43
G120 43
G120 43
G120 43
G120 43
G120 44
G120 44
G120 44
G120 45
G120 45
G120 45
G120 45
G120 46
G120 46
conductor II
mm2
50-35
70-25
50-16
35-10
70-25
95-25
50-10
70-35
95-25
70-16
70-10
120-35
95-25
70-16
150-70
185-50
150-35
120-16
185-95
185-70
240-35
Clamp
cat. no.
Material
copper
Cable’s and rod’s terminalsTerminals for copper conductors and copper-bonded earth rods which shall be pressed on using the hydraulic press
Dimensions Jaws
cat. no.cable size
rod size inch
mm / 2
G120 17
G120 18
G120 19
G120 20
G120 21
G120 22
G120 23
G120 24
G120 25
G120 26
G120 27
G120 28
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120/
150/
185/
240
12
58
34
/
/
/
G120 61
G120 62
G120 63
G120 64
G120 65
G120 66
G120 67
G120 68
G120 69
G120 70
G120 71
G120 72
diameter of the
bolt hole
mm
5.3
6.5
6.5
8.5
8.5
11
11
11
13
13
17
17
Terminal
cat. no.
Material
copper
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 29
Galconnect system
Cable’s jointsCable’s joints which shall be pressed on conductor using the hydraulic press
Dimensions Jaws
cat. no.size
mm2
G120 29
G120 30
G120 31
G120 32
G120 33
G120 34
G120 35
G120 36
G120 37
G120 38
G120 39
G120 40
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
G120 73
G120 74
G120 75
G120 76
G120 77
G120 78
G120 79
G120 80
G120 81
G120 82
G120 83
G120 84
internal diameter
mm
3.8
4.5
5.5
7
8.2
10
11.5
13.5
15.5
17
19
21.5
Joint
cat. no.
Material
copper
Head GP-6 for conductor cuttingHead GP-6 is used to cut bus bars and flat bars up to 8 mm thick, bus bars Cu and Al
up to 12 mm thick and steel rods up to 12 mm dia. The head is the accessory for press PHRN-46. cat. no. G120 01
High-speed press PHRN-46There was applied the accelerated lost motion of the working frame piston. Thanks to this
one can work quickly and efficiently. Several swinging motions provide quick movement of the frame’s piston what is necessary to do the work.
Application: – pressing ends of conductors of 16-300 mm2 and ends of earthing rods of dia. 1/2”, 5/8”, 3/4”,– pressing clamps „C” type,– joining conductors in cable’s joints,– cutting of tapes, angle bars, rods using the head GP-6,– making holes in bus bars Al, Cu and flat steels using the head GD-6,– bending bus bars Al, Cu and flat steels using the bender.
Technical data:– weight: 14.4 kg,– pressure force: 200 kN (20 T),– cables range: 16-300 mm2. cat. no. G120 00
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200430
Galconnect system
Bender for bus bars Al, Cu and steel flat bars Bender is used to bend Al and Cu bus bars up to 100 mm width and up to 10 mm thick
and steel flat bars up to 60 mm width and up to 8 mm thick. Bending range: 180O, 90O. Bender is helpful when the power substation is modernized or out of order. The bender is the accessory for press PHRN-46.cat. no. G120 02
Head GD-6 to make holesHead GD-6 is used to make holes in aluminium main bus bars of the power substations
and steel flat bars (tapes). The head is opened what helps to make holes easily up to 13 mm dia., in steel bus bars and flat bars up to 6 mm thick. For special order we supply punches and die blocks to make holes of dia.: 6.5; 9; 11; 13; 17 mm. The head is the accessory for press PHRN-46.cat. no. G120 03
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 31
Galmarweld system
Galmarweld exothermic system makes possible to connect metals of different electroche-mical potentials (Zn, Cu, Fe).
Note: When connecting galvanized tape to copper-bonded earth rod both the welding and 10 cm of rod should be protected with Denso tape (see page 16).
Rod to bus bar connections Cross connection of earth rod to bus bar perpendicularly (welding on thread)
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 200
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 200
0.090
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.200
0.090
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.200
GBR7-128203
GBR7-128254
GBR7-128304
GBR7-128404
GBR7-142203
GBR7-142254
GBR7-142304
GBR7-142404
GBR7-172203
GBR7-172254
GBR7-172304
GBR7-172404
GBR7-128203S
GBR7-128254S
GBR7-128304S
GBR7-128404S
GBR7-142203S
GBR7-142254S
GBR7-142304S
GBR7-142404S
GBR7-172203S
GBR7-172254S
GBR7-172304S
GBR7-172404S
weight
kg
weight
kg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Rod
diameter
mm
Bus bar
size
mmcat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weight
kg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
connection with copper or zinc coated tape
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
connection with copper-bonded tape
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200432
Galmarweld system
Cross connection of earth rod to bus bar parallel (welding on thread)
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
0.090
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.090
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
GBR9-128203
GBR9-128254
GBR9-128304
GBR9-128404
GBR9-142203
GBR9-142254
GBR9-142304
GBR9-142404
GBR9-172203
GBR9-172254
GBR9-172304
GBR9-172404
GBR9-128203S
GBR9-128254S
GBR9-128304S
GBR9-128404S
GBR9-142203S
GBR9-142254S
GBR9-142304S
GBR9-142404S
GBR9-172203S
GBR9-172254S
GBR9-172304S
GBR9-172404S
weight
kg
weight
kg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Rod
diameter
mm
Bus bar
size
mmcat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weight
kg
cat. no.
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
connection with copper or zinc coated tape
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
connection with copper-bonded tape
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 33
Galmarweld system
Cross connection where bus bar is positioned underneath rod thread perpendicular to earth rod
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 150
0.090
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.090
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.150
GBR17-128203
GBR17-128254
GBR17-128304
GBR17-128404
GBR17-142203
GBR17-142254
GBR17-142304
GBR17-142404
GBR17-172203
GBR17-172254
GBR17-172304
GBR17-172404
GBR17-128203S
GBR17-128254S
GBR17-128304S
GBR17-128404S
GBR17-142203S
GBR17-142254S
GBR17-142304S
GBR17-142404S
GBR17-172203S
GBR17-172254S
GBR17-172304S
GBR17-172404S
weight
kg
weight
kg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Rod
diameter
mm
Bus bar
size
mmcat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weight
kg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
connection with copper or zinc coated tape
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
connection with copper-bonded tape
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200434
Galmarweld system
Rod to conductor connectionsCross connection (conductor positioned horizontally)
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
∅ 6 mm
∅ 8 mm
S 16 mm2
S 50 mm2
∅ 6 mm
∅ 8 mm
S 16 mm2
S 50 mm2
∅ 6 mm
∅ 8 mm
S 16 mm2
S 50 mm2
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 90
GFF 115
0.090
0.115
0.090
0.115
0.090
0.115
0.090
0.115
0.090
0.115
0.090
0.115
GCR3-128∅6
GCR3-128∅8
GCR3-128S16
GCR3-128S50
GCR3-142∅6
GCR3-142∅8
GCR3-142S16
GCR3-142S50
GCR3-172∅6
GCR3-172∅8
GCR3-172S16
GCR3-172S50
weight
kg
weight
kg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Rod
diameter
mm
Conductor
size cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weight
kg
cat. no.
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
Cross connection where bus bar is positioned underneath rod thread parallel to earth rod
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
0.090
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.090
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
GBR19-128203
GBR19-128254
GBR19-128304
GBR19-128404
GBR19-142203
GBR19-142254
GBR19-142304
GBR19-142404
GBR19-172203
GBR19-172254
GBR19-172304
GBR19-172404
GBR19-128203S
GBR19-128254S
GBR19-128304S
GBR19-128404S
GBR19-142203S
GBR19-142254S
GBR19-142304S
GBR19-142404S
GBR19-172203S
GBR19-172254S
GBR19-172304S
GBR19-172404S
weight
kg
weight
kg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Rod
diameter
mm
Bus bar
size
mmcat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weight
kg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
connection with copper or zinc coated tape
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
connection with copper-bonded tape
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 35
Galmarweld system
Cross connection (connection with partial cover of the connection of two uncut tapes)
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 200
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 200
0.065
0.090
0.115
0.200
0.065
0.090
0.115
0.200
GBB41-203203
GBB41-254254
GBB41-304304
GBB41-404404
GBB41-203203S
GBB41-254254S
GBB41-304304S
GBB41-404404S
weight
kg
weight
kg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Bus bar
I
mm
Bus bar
II
mmcat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weight
kg
cat. no.
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
connection of copper or zinc coated tapes
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
connection of copper-bonded tapes
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
Bus bar to bus bar connectionsFrontal connection
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
GFF 45
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 45
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
0.045
0.090
0.090
0.115
0.045
0.090
0.090
0.115
GBB7-203
GBB7-254
GBB7-304
GBB7-404
GBB7-203S
GBB7-254S
GBB7-304S
GBB7-404S
weight
kg
weight
kg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Bus bar
I
mm
Bus bar
II
mmcat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weight
kg
cat. no.
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
connection of copper or zinc coated tapes
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
connection of copper-bonded tapes
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
Conductor to conductor connections Horizontal to horizontal circular conductor cross
∅ 6 mm
∅ 8 mm
S 16 mm
S 50 mm
2
2
GCC11-∅6∅6
GCC11-∅8∅8
GCC11-S16S16
GCC11-S50S50
weight
kg
Conductor
II
Powder
GFF 65
GFF 150
GFF 45
GFF 150
Conductor
I cat. no.
Mold
weight
kg
cat. no.
1.40
1.80
1.40
1.50
0.065
0.150
0.045
0.150
∅ 6 mm
∅ 8 mm
S 16 mm
S 50 mm
2
2
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200436
Tape to steel surface connectionTape to steel plate connection
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 200
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 200
0.065
0.090
0.090
0.115
0.200
0.065
0.090
0.090
0.115
0.200
GBS1-203
GBS1-253
GBS1-254
GBS1-304
GBS1-404
GBS1-203S
GBS1-253S
GBS1-254S
GBS1-304S
GBS1-404S
weight
kg
weight
kg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Bus bar
mm cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weight
kg
cat. no.
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
connection with copper or zinc coated tape
20 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
connection with copper-bonded tape
20 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
Note: Above connection types are exemplifications. In case of different types required, please contact our sales office.
Note: The producer reserves the right to introduce modifications to products due to technological progress without prior notice.
Galmarweld system
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 37
Lightning protection – theory
Directions for designing an effective lightning protection
The design of lightning protection instal-lation must be started with defining the risk level. As soon as the protection level is deter-mined, we can proceed to specifying zones of protection for protected facilities which must be done according to the following standards: BS 6651, IEC 62305. The standards provi-de three methods of determining zones of protection that we can use by keeping to dimensions shown on Tab. 1 and Fig. 2. They include: mesh size method, protective angle method, rolling sphere method.
Protec-
tion
level
h
m
Efficiency
of the protection
%
I
II
III
IV
20
30
45
60
25
35
45
55
*
25
35
45
*
*
25
35
*
*
*
25
98
95
90
80
20
αO
Mesh
size
m
5 x 5
10 x 10
10 x 10
20 x 20
R
m
30
αO
45
αO
60
αO
* in this case apply rolling sphere and mesh method only
Tab. 1 Positioning of air termination according to protection level
In order to reduce the possibility of dangerous sparking, the down conductors are to be arranged to assure conductive connections from point of strike to earth, in such a way that: several parallel paths of lightning current exists (Tab. 2 and Fig. 3) and the length of the current paths is kept to minimum. The distance between conductors depends on the protection level and therefore these values should not be exceeded. The down conductors shall assure direct continuation of the air termination conductors distributed around perimeter of space to be protected. The average value of the distance between them is not higher than values indicated Tab. 2 and Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 Minimal distance between down con-ductors for individual protection levels
d d
d
Fig. 2 Protection zones determined by protec-tive angle and rolling sphere methods
h
R
protected space
α
Building industry
Atmospheric discharge – riskAll over the world for hundreds of years
people have been trying to protect them-selves and their property from dangerous atmospheric phenomena. Although not eve-rywhere are these atmospheric phenomena equally intense, but the potential danger is always real. One of the biggest perils is posed by atmospheric discharge. In the world one atmospheric discharge takes place on the average every three seconds. Atmospheric discharge is a consequence of accumulation of electric charges in a storm cloud. The moment the threshold voltage is exceeded, discharges start to develop inside the storm cloud, between storm clouds of opposite potentials or between such a clo-ud and the earth surface. In the last case we talk about a strike to earth in a form of a branched spark with the length of a few to a few dozens of kilometers. Possible cloud to ground flashes are shown in Fig. 1. There are: direct strike to a structure or to air termination system (a), direct strike to the incoming overhead line or services (b), nearby strike to the incoming line or into earth (b), nearby strike to the adjacent object or into earth (c).
Fig. 1 Possible lightning strikes: a) direct strike, b) nearby strike to the power line, c) nearby strike to the adjacent object or earth
Tab. 2 Minimal distance between down conductors for individual protection levels, according to IEC
Protection
level
Distance (d)
m
I
II
III
IV
10
15
20
25
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200438
Lightning protection – theory
At least two down conductors are neces-sary in all cases. In tall structures down con-ductors shall be interconnected by means of horizontal ring conductors near ground level and by further rings at 20 m intervals vertically (Fig. 4).
In order to ensure safety, suitable distan-ces must be kept between down conductors and places attended by people. Intervals: from a building entrance, passages for people and metal enclosures must be more than 2 meters. If this provision cannot be fulfilled, a protecting pipe must be applied (Fig. 6).
Earth termination system shall disperse lightning current into earth without causing dangerous voltages. The more important is shape and dimensions of the earth termi-nation system than specific values of earth electrode resistance. However in general, a low earth resistance is recommended and required according to national regulations.
According to IEC standard earth electro-des are classified in two basic types:type A – minimum two radial horizontal
earth electrodes, each of length l1 5 m
or two vertical (inclined) electrodes of minimum length 0.5 l
1,
type B – interconnected reinforcing steel of concrete (foundation earth electrode should be always used) or external ring earth electrode for which mean radius r of area enclosed shall be not less than the value l
1, (r l
1). If r < l
1, additional
horizontal electrodes of length lr = l
1 – r
or vertical electrodes of length lv = 0.5
(l1 – r) are required.
The minimum required lengths of earth electrodes are shown in Fig. 7.
Fig. 6 Required distances from places attended by people, according to IEC
In compliance with international standard IEC the down conductor installation must assure required intervals both between holders and between a given conductor and a building’s façade. Intervals between hol-ders should be not bigger than 1 m. And the necessary interval from the façade depends on the material it is made of. If the façade’s material is nonflammable or slow burning, the conductor can be placed directly on or only a small distance from the façade. For easy burning materials the interval of 10 cm must be kept (Fig. 5).
1.0 m
non-inflam
mable
or
non-fla
mm
able
basis
flam
mable
basis
1.0 m
0.1 m
Fig. 5 Minimal distance from façade, accor-ding to IEC
Fig. 7 Minimum length l1 of earth electrodes
according to protection levels
Fig. 4 Design of high apartment building with horizontal ring conductors
Power industry
Earthing systems for substationRequirements for earthing:
– working earth – keeping the required re-sistance value not exceeding acceptable by suitable regulation,
– lightning earth – earthing resistance should not exceed 10 ,
– protective earth – protection of human health on the substation area and surro-undings; limits voltage of earthing what guarantees correct work of surge arre-sters and isolation of devices connected with areas not covered by earthing system,
– provides right heat, mechanical and cor-rosion resistance of earthing elements,
– ensures equipotentialization, limiting overvoltages and their damaging influ-ence on secondary circuit and electronic devices.
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 39
For designing lightning protection for electromagnetic installations the soil re-sistivity must be measured first. Wenner 4-electrodes is one of the soil resistivity measuring method (Fig. 8). The resistivity is calculated on the ground of the distance between electrodes and the resistance read from the meter from formula 1.
Fig. 8 Wenner 4-electrodes method of measuring of soil resistivity
The earthing installation is based on a grid made of copper tape (Fig. 9) where the size of a mesh depends on short-cir-cuit currents. The resistance of a mesh is calculated from formula 2. In order to clear from any influence of climatic conditions (differences in humidity and temperature in different seasons of the year) vertical earth rods must be applied (like in Figure 10 indicated by „g”) on the circumference of the grid and additionally at the junction of earthing conductors of overhead lines with the earthing grid and at overvoltage arresters.
= 2aR (1) – soil resistivitya – distance between electrodesR – resistance showed by measuring device
Fig. 9 View of artificial earthing system for substation
Fig. 10 15 kV substation earthing grid
Earthing systems for overhead power linesEarthing systems construction:
– lightning earth – earth ring made of tape with vertical earth rods marked by „g” or with additional radial earth conductors,
– protective earth – consists of earth rings, where every next ring is dug deeper. Earth ring should be completed with vertical rods (Fig. 11).
Fig. 11 Earthing protection for high voltage transmission lines
Similarly to the case of substation, the vertical rods should be at least 3 m long (Fig. 12).
Fig. 12 View of artificial earthing system for high voltage transmission lines
Telecommunications
In recent years we have been witnessing an intense expansion of facilities which operation bases on electronic circuits cha-racterized by high sensitivity to any type of overvoltage. Just a perfect example for this is the entire telecommunications industry that so strongly requires a very high level of protection from interferences related to atmospheric discharge. All designing principles referring to lightning protection should be also applied to telecommunications facilities. When starting to design a protection instal-lation, we must first determine the lightning strike risk coefficient for a given facility.
(2)
– soil resistivityS – substation area
Lightning protection – theory
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200440
Lightning protection – theory
The limitations related to the level of protection are a consequence of the need to ensure appropriate safety of sensitive appliances as well as human health and life. For determining the protection zones any of the three methods can be used: mesh size method, protective angle method and rolling sphere method. Suitable ground wires and earthing conductors should be just enough to ensure safe drainage of charges originating from a lightning strike in the shortest path down to the ground. It is possible to use a given facility’s metal construction in the as-sembly of the lightning protection installation provided the condition of electrical continuity of the entire construction is fulfilled. The lightning protection installation must be taken into consideration already at the stage of designing, and at the stage of building, when constructing the foundations, it must be remembered to use the foundation and horizontal earthing ring in compliance with the applicable standards. An example of such an installation has been presented in Fig. 13. Due to the very rich range of Galmar’s pro-ducts it is possible to build any, even the most complicated, lightning protection installation.
Fig. 13 Lightning protection for GSM base station with the metal tower
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 41
Galmar products quality
On the photos we can see the tests of two rods with different copper layer. After the test the rod with initial copper thickness 0.250 mm have the copper layer reduced to 0.163 mm. Second rod with initial copper thickness 0.118 mm after the test has the layer damaged and the steel core is expo-sed. That’s why only the rods with minimum copper layer exceeding 0.250 mm fulfill the requirements of the standards.
Based on the corrosion resistance test made in natural conditions one can find that the most important is to assure continuity of the copper jacket of thickness
Test of the copper adhesion in the vise
To ensure 30 years corrosion resi-stance, the steel earthing rods must be covered with copper of minimum thickness 0.250 mm and the steel conductors of minimum copper thickness 0.070 mm. Below tests show the need to maintain the parameters of earthing systems which are in accordance with European standards.
Copper thickness – is different for verti-cal earthing rods and different for horizontal earthing ring conductors. It is measured by an electronic thickness gauge.
Main reason why the standards give the requirement for copper thickness 0.250 mm is the strength of copper layer during driving process. Vertical earthing rod is exposed for friction which can cause reduction of the copper thickness. Below test of hitting the rod fixed between vise jaws simulate the condi-tions during driving the rod in the ground.
Copper-bonded steel conductors: earthing rod, tape, wire
0.250 mm for earthing rods and 0.070 mm for wires and tapes. Wires and tapes are not exposed for damages during driving in the ground. That’s why protective copper layer of thickness 0.070 mm is sufficient. Below we present the photos and the re-sults of corrosion tests of copper-bonded and hot dip galvanized earthing rods and conductors. Tests performed according to standard EN 50164-2:2003 have proved 6 times better corrosion resistance of copper-bonded tapes and wires than hot dip galvanized. The rate of the corrosion of hot dip galvanized earthing rods was 0.0481 mm/year and of copper-bonded only 0.009 mm/year.
a
b
c
Samples of the copper-bonded steel conductors after corrosion: a) earthing rod, b) tape, c) wire
Initial copper thickness d = 250 μm
Initial copper thickness d = 118 μm
Galmar earth rods
The Galmar earth rods are made of molecularly bonded 99.9% pure electro-lytic copper onto a low carbon steel core. The steel core is a bar drawn up to the required diameter. Galmar rods have high tensile strength 600 N/mm2, they can be driven by vibrohammers to great depths (even up to 35 meters). The copper jacket is 0.250 mm thick at all points and it ensures the preservation of the earth rod in the soil for at least 30 years.
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200442
Our system of copper-bonded earth rods provides:a) low investment expenses,b) low exploitation costs.
It could seem that the advanced technology related to copper bonding of the earth rods would result in very high price of the installed earthing. But the practice indicates that the most expensive element of earthing is the cost of installation, not the material which the earthing is made of. Consequently, the cost of installed Galmar earthing is similar to, and in many cases lower than cost of systems used so far. Due to ability to join rods into as long sections as desired, we can drive the rod down to 30 meters to make it independent of any atmospheric conditions which cause increment of soil resistivity (frosts and droughts), and at the same time an increase in the earth resistance.
Dependence of earth resistance upon driving depth
resistance decrease can
be obtained by increase
in earth driving depth
graph of dependence
of earth resistance
(in case of rod diameter
17.2 mm) upon driving
depth
driving depth [m]
eart
h r
esis
tance [O
hm
]
70
80
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 45 50
Diagram presents application of Galmar rod, 12 meters long (material: 1 piece x 12 meters of Galmar earthing)
Ru < 2 Ω
central
1
central
1
2
45
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
3
131514
Ru 2 Ω
Diagram presents application of steel earth rods and tape buried at depth 0.8 m (material: 42 m of tape, 15 piece x 3 meters steel rods)
Deep driving allows to achieve the requ-ired earth resistance with minimal number of earthing points. To obtain the same va-lue of resistance using short vertical rods, 6 meters or less, the earthing must be si-gnificantly extended and cover large area, what increases expenses many times. In urban areas, application of our vertical ear-thing rods eliminates problems connected with the need to remove asphalt or boulder pavements. The diagrams present the situation that has taken place in Zamość city, where 2 of earth resistance have been achieved. As it shows, this value has been obtained by using Galmar rods, only
Corrosion of two kinds of rods in given periods of time
hot galvanized
rod
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
time [years]
42
copper-bonded rod
with coating 0.250 mm
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
% c
orr
osio
n rate of corrosion affecting
copper-bonded rod equals 1/6
of corrosion affecting steel.
We reach that level by applying
very tight copper coating
Adherence of coating – is tested in order to check whether the coating has not a tendency to separation when the rod is driven into the ground. It is tested as follows. Pointed rod is being shoved between the vice jaws. Distance between jaws equals the rod diameter decreased by 1.2 mm. When the rod is being shoved, the vice jaws tear off the coating at points where they contact the rod, while the rest of its surface should not exfoliate. Such an adherence enables performing of thread with rolling technique, after copper bonding.
Plasticity of coating – is tested by ben-ding the rod at 180 degrees. Lack of cracks and exfoliation goes to show high quality of our product.
Our products have been exami-ned and received positive opinions and certificates allowing their appli-cation in many parts of the world:– certificate of UL (Underwriters Labora-
tories Inc.-USA) allowing the application of our earth rods on the vast majority of world markets,
– certificate of Warsaw Power Industry Institute,
– opinion of the Cable Network Development Institute that confirms that our earth rods meet the Standard of Polish Telecom no. ZN-95/TP S.A. -037/T and PN-T-45000-2,
– statement of PIMot concerning the cor-rosion resistance of the copper-bonded earth rods,
– expertise of Galmarweld connection strength – Warsaw University of Techno-logy,
– report of Warsaw University of Techno-logy, Faculty of Material Science and Engineering „Tests of corrosion resi-stance of copper-bonded steel tape and copper-bonded steel earthing rod”,
– report of Warsaw University of Technolo-gy, Faculty of Material Science and En-gineering „Tests of corrosion resistance of steel earthing rods, covered with zinc and copper coatings”,
– KEMA Quality B.V. tests report of copper--bonded earthing rods
at one point, at the depth of 12 meters. When using the 3 meters deep rods, the required value has been obtained with 15 points.
Galmar products quality
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 43
Galmarweld system – exothermic welding
The new way to connect two metals is an exothermic welding – Galmarweld. This me-thod allows welding copper to copper, copper to steel, copper to galvanized steel, metals with the same as well as different structures and is one of the best and permanent solu-tions. The Galmarweld exothermic system makes possible to form electrical molecular bonds, highly resistant to corrosion which can be used for earthing, lightning, cathodic protection, railway traction’s, signalling, etc. This is a simple and fast method to obtain a permanent connection.
To make a connection you need a per-fectly made graphite mold and a cartridge with a special powder. You place the end of cleaned earth rod (Galmar rod), earthing conductor and special powder in the mold. After closing a lid, ignite starting powder with a flint gun from side sparking and the fusion reaction takes place which causes powder is molten first forming a liquid and then after cooling down a permanent connection.
As a result of the exothermic fusion reaction, the part of powder components is burnt so the cartridge mass left which forms a connection has over 95% of copper. The temperature for the spark ignition of pro-cess starter (phosphorus) is about 450OC.
The temperature for the ignition of copper/basic materials reaction is about 950OC. And finally, the temperature for exothermic process exceeds 2000OC.
Some tests were made for the series of welding connections at Warsaw University of Technology. The principle was to conduct to each welded element: three current surges of the shape 8/20 μs and of the amplitude increased from 26 to 52 kA and two oscil-latory current surges of the maximum value
Result of Galmarweld: Galmar earth rod-tape
Exothermic welding reaction
Elements of Galmarweld system
Galmar products quality
Galmar Resistivity – lowering resistance to earth
Difficulties connected with making ear-thing installations in the ground where its resistivity is very high induced Galmar to introduce a new product. This product – in many cases – allows to solve such a pro-blem. Galmar Resistivity is a fine powder that increases the surface area of the ear-thing electrode thus reducing resistance to ground. Additionally, usage of this product lowers surge impedance significantly.
Due to the fact that application of Galmar Resistivity will cause the increase in the total cost of earthing installation, therefore it is recommended mainly in rocky soils where other methods are not effective. The graphs show the Galmar Resistivity influence on a change in resistance to earth. When a powder is used as a backfill for earth elec-trode it lowers both these parameters, and in case of earth resistance a drop comes even to 70%.
Galmar Resistivity is applicable to both vertical and horizontal earth electrodes. It can be installed as a dry powder surroun-ding the earthing electrode. Galmar Resisti-vity absorbs moisture from the soil and har-dens to become a solid conductive electrode. It may also be mixed with water and applied as a mortal if desired.
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 5 10 15 20
Galmar Resistivity – electrode
of dia. 150 mm
Galmar Resistivity – electrode
of dia. 75 mm
depth of earth electrode [m]
decre
ase in e
art
h r
esis
tance [%
]
Average influence of Galmar Resistivity on changing vertical electrode resistance
Galmar Resistivity benefits:– provides ideal contact with the surrounding
soil on the whole electrode surface, – reduces resistance to earth even to
scores of percent, – lowers surge impedance, – reduces corrosion of earth electrode
significantly, – easy to install anywhere, – environmentally safe, – prevents earth electrode theft.
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200444
Galmar products quality
ranging from 100 to 105 kA. The resistance for each welded connection was measured before and after the surge tests on the distan-ce along which a surge current was passed. The measured resistance value ranged from 0.26 m to 0.43 m, and was not changed under the surge current tests.
Considering the above, one can ascer-tain that:– the currents use for testing of the welding
connections were comparable (in 95% of cases) to real values of atmospheric discharge currents in respect of their shape and amplitude,
– in any of tested cases (three current surges 8/20 μs and of the amplitude 26-52 kA and two oscillatory current surges of the amplitudes 100-105 kA), no sparking occurred on the welds as well as no damages to the connections and no change in their resistance value,
– the connections made with a Galmarweld technology can be used to connect a light-ning protection to earth rods without any fear that could be destroyed by lightning discharge currents which in real condi-tions are usually dissipated on different parts of a lightning conductor (device).
Galmarweld welds advantages:– high current-carrying capacity,– high current surge resistance,– sparkless connections,– stable transition resistance,– high corrosion resistance,– good mechanical parameters,– short time to make a connection (up to
8 minutes),– lightweight necessary equipment (no
more than 3 kg),– no special skills to perform and no quali-
fications required.
How to recognize original Galmar rods?
1. trade mark on the rod
2. thread rolled after copper-plating = thread diameter bigger than rod diameter
A B
3. conical ends of the rod not covered with copper
3 ways of Galmar rods identifications:
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 45
Galmar products quality
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200446
Galmar products quality
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004 47
Index
GA00 03 17GA00 10 17GBB7-203 35GBB7-203S 35GBB7-254 35GBB7-254S 35GBB7-304 35GBB7-304S 35GBB7-404 35GBB7-404S 35GBB41-203203 35GBB41-203203S 35GBB41-254254 35GBB41-254254S 35GBB41-304304 35GBB41-304304S 35GBB41-404404 35GBB41-404404S 35GBR7-128203 31GBR7-128203S 31GBR7-128254 31GBR7-128254S 31GBR7-128304 31GBR7-128304S 31GBR7-128404 31GBR7-128404S 31GBR7-142203 31GBR7-142203S 31GBR7-142254 31GBR7-142254S 31GBR7-142304 31GBR7-142304S 31GBR7-142404 31GBR7-142404S 31GBR7-172203 31GBR7-172203S 31GBR7-172254 31GBR7-172254S 31GBR7-172304 31GBR7-172304S 31GBR7-172404 31GBR7-172404S 31GBR9-128203 32GBR9-128203S 32GBR9-128254 32GBR9-128254S 32GBR9-128304 32GBR9-128304S 32GBR9-128404 32GBR9-128404S 32GBR9-142203 32GBR9-142203S 32GBR9-142254 32GBR9-142254S 32GBR9-142304 32GBR9-142304S 32GBR9-142404 32GBR9-142404S 32GBR9-172203 32GBR9-172203S 32GBR9-172254 32GBR9-172254S 32GBR9-172304 32GBR9-172304S 32GBR9-172404 32GBR9-172404S 32GBR17-128203 33GBR17-128203S 33GBR17-128254 33GBR17-128254S 33GBR17-128304 33GBR17-128304S 33GBR17-128404 33
GBR17-128404S 33GBR17-142203 33GBR17-142203S 33GBR17-142254 33GBR17-142254S 33GBR17-142304 33GBR17-142304S 33GBR17-142404 33GBR17-142404S 33GBR17-172203 33GBR17-172203S 33GBR17-172254 33GBR17-172254S 33GBR17-172304 33GBR17-172304S 33GBR17-172404 33GBR17-172404S 33GBR19-128203 34GBR19-128203S 34GBR19-128254 34GBR19-128254S 34GBR19-128304 34GBR19-128304S 34GBR19-128404 34GBR19-128404S 34GBR19-142203 34GBR19-142203S 34GBR19-142254 34GBR19-142254S 34GBR19-142304 34GBR19-142304S 34GBR19-142404 34GBR19-142404S 34GBR19-172203 34GBR19-172203S 34GBR19-172254 34GBR19-172254S 34GBR19-172304 34GBR19-172304S 34GBR19-172404 34GBR19-172404S 34GBS1-203 36GBS1-203S 36GBS1-253 36GBS1-253S 36GBS1-254 36GBS1-254S 36GBS1-304 36GBS1-304S 36GBS1-404 36GBS1-404S 36GCC11-66 35GCC11-88 35GCC11-S16S16 35GCC11-S50S50 35GCR3-1286 34GCR3-1288 34GCR3-128S16 34GCR3-128S50 34GCR3-1426 34GCR3-1428 34GCR3-142S16 34GCR3-142S50 34GCR3-1726 34GCR3-1728 34GCR3-172S16 34GCR3-172S50 34GFF 45 35GFF 65 35, 36GFF 90 31-36GFF 106 31-36GFF 115 31-36GFF 150 31-35
GFF 200 31-32, 34-36GN00 02 16G100 01 11G100 02 11G100 03 11G100 04 11G100 05 11G100 11 11G100 12 11G100 13 11G100 14 11G100 15 11G100 21 11G100 22 11G100 23 11G100 24 11G100 25 11G100 51 12G101 02 12G101 03 12G103 06 14G103 07 14G103 08 14G103 09 14G103 10 14G103 13 13G103 14 14G103 15 14G103 16 14G103 17 13G103 18 13G103 19 14G103 21 14G103 22 14G103 54 16G103 55 16G103 56 16G103 58 16G103 81 14G103 82 14G103 83 14G103 84 14G103 85 14G103 86 14G103 87 14G104 11 11G104 12 11G104 13 11G104 51 12G104 97 13G104 98 13G106 01 12G106 02 12G106 03 12G106 11 17G106 12 16G106 51 12G106 97 13G106 98 13G107 01 18G107 02 18G107 03 16G107 04 15G108 01 11G108 02 11G108 03 11G108 51 12G108 97 13G108 98 13 G109 01 12G109 07 12G109 08 12G110 03(25M) 19
Cat. No. Page Cat. No. Page Cat. No. Page Cat. No. Page Cat. No. Page
G110 03(50M) 19G110 11(20M) 19G110 11(50M) 19G110 12(40M) 19G110 20(40M) 19G110 22(20M) 19G110 23 19G110 24 19G110 25 19G110 26 19G110 27 19G110 28 19G110 44 13G110 45 13G110 46 13G110 47 13G110 48 13G110 49 13G110 50 21G110 51 21G110 52 21G110 53 21G110 54 21G110 55 21G110 56 21G110 72(60M) 19G110 73(40M) 19G110 74(30M) 19G110 75(30M) 19G111 02 20G111 03 20G111 06 20G111 07 20G111 08 20G111 09 20G111 10 20G111 11 20G111 12 20G111 13 20G111 14 20G111 15 20G111 16 20G111 17 20G111 18 20G111 19 20G111 20 20G111 21 20G111 22 20G111 23 20G111 24 20G111 25 20G111 26 20G111 27 20G111 35 21G111 36 21G111 37 21G111 38 21G111 39 21G111 40 21G111 41 21G111 42 21G111 43 21G111 44 21G112 01 16G113 01 15G114 01 15G114 02 15G114 02A 15G114 04 15G114 06 15G114 07 15G114 08 15G115 01 23
G115 02 24G115 06 23G115 07 23G115 08 23G115 09 23G115 10 24G115 16 26G115 19 22G115 20 22G115 21 22G115 22 22G115 23 22G115 23M 22G115 25 22G115 26 23G115 27 23G115 28 22G115 29 22G115 32 25G115 33 25G115 34 25G115 36 25G115 45 26G115 48 26G115 49 26G115 50 26G115 51 24G115 57 23G115 61 26G115 62 24G115 73 22G115 74 22G115 76 23G115 77 23G115 78 23G115 79 24G115 80 24G115 81 24G115 82 24G115 83 24G115 84 24G115 85 24G115 86 25G115 87 25G115 88 25G115 89 25G115 90 25G115 91 25G115 92 25G115 93 25G117 10 23G117 11 23G117 13 23G119 01 27G119 02 27G119 03 27G119 08 21G120 00 29G120 01 29G120 02 30G120 03 30G120 05 28G120 06 28G120 07 28G120 08 28G120 09 28G120 10 28G120 17 28G120 18 28G120 19 28G120 20 28G120 21 28G120 22 28
ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:200448
Index
Cat. No. Page
G120 23 28G120 24 28G120 25 28G120 26 28G120 27 28G120 28 28G120 29 29G120 30 29G120 31 29G120 32 29G120 33 29G120 34 29G120 35 29G120 36 29G120 37 29G120 38 29G120 39 29G120 40 29G120 41 28G120 42 28G120 43 28G120 44 28G120 45 28G120 46 28G120 61 28G120 62 28G120 63 28G120 64 28G120 65 28G120 66 28G120 67 28G120 68 28G120 69 28G120 70 28G120 71 28G120 72 28G120 73 29G120 74 29G120 75 29G120 76 29G120 77 29G120 78 29G120 79 29G120 80 29G120 81 29G120 82 29G120 83 29G120 84 29G200 19 27G200 24 27