Earth Science:Earth Science:CST Review CST Review

Day #2Day #2CST Released Questions #16-27CST Released Questions #16-27

1d, 1e, 1f, 2a, 2c, 2d1d, 1e, 1f, 2a, 2c, 2d

YM 2010

1. Although many ancient civilizations designated certain patterns of stars as constellations, they never included planets in their constellations.

What feature of planets, as opposed to stars, explains this?

1. 1. Although many ancient civilizations designated Although many ancient civilizations designated certain patterns of stars as constellations, they never certain patterns of stars as constellations, they never

included planets in their constellations.included planets in their constellations.

What feature of planets, as opposed to stars, explains What feature of planets, as opposed to stars, explains this?this?

They do not maintain fixed positions They do not maintain fixed positions relative to other planets or stars.relative to other planets or stars.

2. Before the telescope was invented, people had the idea that the planets were closer to Earth than were the stars.

Which piece of evidence contributed to this conclusion?

2. Before the telescope was invented, 2. Before the telescope was invented, people had the idea that the planets people had the idea that the planets were closer to Earth than were the were closer to Earth than were the

stars. stars.

Which piece of evidence contributed to Which piece of evidence contributed to this conclusion?this conclusion?

The planets appeared to The planets appeared to

move much moremove much more

quickly than the stars.quickly than the stars.

3. 3. What is the source of energy for the Sun?

Hydrogen Hydrogen fusionfusion

H + H = HeH + H = He

3. 3. What is the What is the source of energy source of energy

for the Sun?for the Sun?

4. 4. Fusion is a form of nuclear Fusion is a form of nuclear reaction resulting in an reaction resulting in an

enormous release of heat enormous release of heat energy.energy.

The fusion of hydrogen to The fusion of hydrogen to helium is a reaction that helium is a reaction that

commonly occurs in:commonly occurs in:

the Sun and other the Sun and other typical stars.typical stars.

4. 4. Fusion is a form of nuclear Fusion is a form of nuclear reaction resulting in an reaction resulting in an

enormous release of heat enormous release of heat energy.energy.

The fusion of hydrogen to The fusion of hydrogen to helium is a reaction that helium is a reaction that

commonly occurs in:commonly occurs in:

5. 5. The surfaces of planet The surfaces of planet Mercury and our moon Mercury and our moon

contain some very large contain some very large craters that are craters that are most most likely likely

the result of:the result of:

Asteroid Asteroid impacts.impacts.

5. 5. The surfaces of planet The surfaces of planet Mercury and our moon Mercury and our moon

contain some very large contain some very large craters that are craters that are most most likely likely

the result of:the result of:

6. 6. The Sun is an The Sun is an average yellow star in average yellow star in the Milky Way galaxy. the Milky Way galaxy. What is the shape of What is the shape of

the Milky Way galaxy?the Milky Way galaxy?

SpiralSpiral

6. 6. The Sun is an average The Sun is an average yellow star in the Milky Way yellow star in the Milky Way

galaxy. galaxy. What is the shape of the What is the shape of the

Milky Way galaxy?Milky Way galaxy?

7. 7. As part of the modern theory As part of the modern theory of the origins of the elements, it of the origins of the elements, it is hypothesized that before the is hypothesized that before the formation of the stars, most of formation of the stars, most of

the matter in the universe the matter in the universe consisted of which 2 atoms?consisted of which 2 atoms?

hydrogen and hydrogen and heliumhelium

7. 7. As part of the modern theory As part of the modern theory of the origins of the elements, it of the origins of the elements, it is hypothesized that before the is hypothesized that before the formation of the stars, most of formation of the stars, most of

the matter in the universe the matter in the universe consisted of which 2 atoms?consisted of which 2 atoms?

H

H

He

8. 8. Scientific evidence Scientific evidence suggests that suggests that

magnesium is formed magnesium is formed by stars duringby stars during

nuclear fusionnuclear fusion

8. 8. Scientific evidence Scientific evidence suggests that suggests that

magnesium is formed magnesium is formed by stars duringby stars during

9. 9. Stars begin their life Stars begin their life cycle incycle in

A nebula.A nebula.

9. 9. Stars begin their life Stars begin their life cycle incycle in

10. 10. Astronomers have Astronomers have discovered vast differences in discovered vast differences in

stars through their stars through their observations. observations.

One theory used to explain One theory used to explain these differences is thatthese differences is that

stars are at different stars are at different points in their life points in their life

cycles.cycles.

10. 10. Astronomers have discovered vast differences in Astronomers have discovered vast differences in stars through their observations. stars through their observations.

One theory used to explain these differences is thatOne theory used to explain these differences is that

A is older than the Sun.A is older than the Sun.

B will survive for several billion years.B will survive for several billion years.

C is moving very quickly away from Earth.C is moving very quickly away from Earth.

D has a mass similar to the mass of D has a mass similar to the mass of Jupiter.Jupiter.

11. 11. An astronomer uses a telescope An astronomer uses a telescope to observe a star. to observe a star.

The color of the star indicates that it The color of the star indicates that it has ahas a

size and surface temperature similar size and surface temperature similar to that of the Sun. to that of the Sun.

Using this information, the Using this information, the astronomerastronomer

can conclude that the starcan conclude that the star

will will survive survive

for for several several billion billion years.years.

11. 11. An astronomer uses a telescope to observe a An astronomer uses a telescope to observe a star. star.

The color of the star indicates that it has aThe color of the star indicates that it has asize and surface temperature similar to that of the size and surface temperature similar to that of the

Sun. Sun. Using this information, the astronomerUsing this information, the astronomer

can conclude that the starcan conclude that the star

12. 12. The final stage of a The final stage of a star’s existence isstar’s existence isdetermined by its determined by its mass. The most mass. The most massive starsmassive stars

will end their lives aswill end their lives as

black holes.black holes.

12. 12. The final stage of a The final stage of a star’s existence isstar’s existence isdetermined by its determined by its mass. The most mass. The most massive starsmassive stars

will end their lives aswill end their lives as