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Early Intensive Behavioural Intervention
(EIBI)
Early Intensive Behavioural Intervention
(EIBI)
EIBI and Lovaas (1987)EIBI and Lovaas (1987)
UCLA Young Autism Project (YAP) 1970-1984
Early Less discrimination between environments More likely to generalize and maintain treatment gains
Intensive 40+ hours per week
Behavioural Intervention Using Modern learning theory (Years 1-3) Build complex behaviour and suppress pathological
UCLA Young Autism Project (YAP) 1970-1984
Early Less discrimination between environments More likely to generalize and maintain treatment gains
Intensive 40+ hours per week
Behavioural Intervention Using Modern learning theory (Years 1-3) Build complex behaviour and suppress pathological
EIBI and Lovaas (1987)EIBI and Lovaas (1987)
1st year: Reducing self-stimulatory and aggressive behaviour, teaching imitation, toy play, extending treatment into family
2nd year: Teaching expressive language, play with peers, extended to community (preschool)
3rd year: Teaching of appropriate and varied expression of emotions, reading, writing, arithmetic, observational learning
1st year: Reducing self-stimulatory and aggressive behaviour, teaching imitation, toy play, extending treatment into family
2nd year: Teaching expressive language, play with peers, extended to community (preschool)
3rd year: Teaching of appropriate and varied expression of emotions, reading, writing, arithmetic, observational learning
Lovaas (1987) ResultsLovaas (1987) Results
Experiment
(n=19)
Control
(n=40)
Normal 47% 2%
Mildly retarded
40% 45%
Profoundly retarded
10% 53%
VideoVideo
Autism Behavioural Intervention Queensland (ABIQ)
ABIQ.wmv
Autism Behavioural Intervention Queensland (ABIQ)
ABIQ.wmv
Neurobiology of AutismNeurobiology of Autism
Electrophysiological studies: EEG and ERP Neural basis of face processing, non-verbal
Face sensitive ERP component (N170) Large negative ERP component with a latency of 170ms
Electrophysiological studies: EEG and ERP Neural basis of face processing, non-verbal
Face sensitive ERP component (N170) Large negative ERP component with a latency of 170ms
Neurobiology of AutismNeurobiology of Autism
Lateralization Failure of normal right hemisphere specialization for faces
Lateralization Failure of normal right hemisphere specialization for faces
Face ProcessingFace Processing
Autistic Development
Perceptual/Cognitive Hypothesis Perceptual binding (extracting), general deficit (FG), and/or
dysfunction of a neural mechanism
Social Motivation Hypothesis (SMH) Primary and secondary deficits (all behavioural and
physiological deficits are the result of a deficit in social motivation)
Autistic Development
Perceptual/Cognitive Hypothesis Perceptual binding (extracting), general deficit (FG), and/or
dysfunction of a neural mechanism
Social Motivation Hypothesis (SMH) Primary and secondary deficits (all behavioural and
physiological deficits are the result of a deficit in social motivation)
Social RewardsSocial Rewards
“Social motivation impairments are related to difficulties in forming
representations of the reward value of social stimuli” (Dawson, 2005)
Dopamine pathway is activated by social rewards
“Social motivation impairments are related to difficulties in forming
representations of the reward value of social stimuli” (Dawson, 2005)
Dopamine pathway is activated by social rewards
Reward value Motivation
Attention to faces (exposure+)
Specialization
Implications for EIBIImplications for EIBI
Make social interaction more rewarding and meaningful
Interventions using ABA and EIBI reward using conditioned reinforcement
Make social interaction more rewarding and meaningful
Interventions using ABA and EIBI reward using conditioned reinforcement
EIBI may facilitate the development of the face processing system
EIBI may facilitate the development of the face processing system
Criticism of EIBICriticism of EIBI
Methodological problems in research Which children are good candidates? Ethical concerns Financial matters
Methodological problems in research Which children are good candidates? Ethical concerns Financial matters
Future ResearchFuture Research
Using MRI without sedation to assess brain development in high-risk infant siblings (Zwaigenbaum et al., 2005)
Behavioural enrichment and behavioural motivation to study brain plasticity (Kilgard)
EIBI to reach normal brain functioning in terms of neural speed and cortical specialization (Dawson et al., 2005)
Using MRI without sedation to assess brain development in high-risk infant siblings (Zwaigenbaum et al., 2005)
Behavioural enrichment and behavioural motivation to study brain plasticity (Kilgard)
EIBI to reach normal brain functioning in terms of neural speed and cortical specialization (Dawson et al., 2005)