Early 20th CenturyModern Art

Part III

Russian Avant Garde

Malevich, Suprematist Composition: Airplane Flying, 1915

Malevich, Suprematist Composition: Airplane Flying, 1915

Suprematism

•Concerned with pure form: square, line, rectangle

•Shapes not related to actual objects

•“Supremacy of pure feeling”

Gabo, Column, 1923

Constructivism

•Construct art not create it•Wanted to build a technological utopia

•Used synthetic materials: glass, plastic, metal

Tatlin, Monument to the Third International, 1919-1920

Productivism•Functional art, not abstract•Art should create useful products for the new society

•“Art is a social product, conditioned by the social environment.”

Compare and contrast these

Some Questions to Consider

•What are the dominant colors?

•What are the basic shapes?•What is the relationship of the title to the work?

•What is the approach to abstraction in each work?

The Bauhaus and the International

Style

Gropius, the Bauhaus, 1925-1926, Dessau Germany

Gropius, the Bauhaus, 1925-1926, Dessau, Germany

Bauhaus•A movement/method not a style• Improve human condition•Simple, streamlined houses for

workers•Mass producible methods; machine

design•Craftsmanship important•Blurred boundaries between art, craft,

architecture•Everything can be designed: chair to

faucet

Traits of Bauhaus Architecture

•Free plan interiors; no interior load-bearing walls

•Use of concrete, glass, & steel•Stark white cubes•Unadorned wall surfaces: “no

romantic embellishment or whimsy”

•Strip windows flush with wall plane•Flat roofs

LeCourbusier, Villa Savoye, 1929,

Poissy-sur-Seine, France

LeCourbusier, Villa Savoye, 1929

LeCourbusier, Notre-Dame-du-Haut, 1950-1955

LeCourbusier, Notre-Dame-du-Haut, 1950-

1955, Ronchamp, France

LeCourbusier, Notre-Dame-du-Haut, 1950-1955

LeCourbusier, Notre-Dame-du-Haut, 1950-1955

LeCourbusier, Notre-Dame-du-Haut, 1950-1955

Frank Lloyd Wright

His great discovery, he said was “the idea of eliminating the

containment which is the box, reaching out and amplifying

space, dragging things in from the

outside”

Wright, Robie House, 1907-1908

Wright, Robie House, Chicago, Illinois, 1907-1908

Wright, Robie House, Chicago, Illinois, 1907-1908

Wright, Robie House, 1907-1908

Wright, Robie House, 1907-1908

Prairie School•Integration with landscape•Horizontal orientation•Natural materials•Broad overhanging eaves (cantilever)

•Horizontal bands of windows•Craftsmanship•Disciplined use of ornament

Wright, Fallingwater, Bear

Run, Pennsylvania,1936-

1939

Wright, Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania,1936-1939

Cantilever

is a beam supported on only one end. The beam carries the load to the support where it is resisted by moment and shear stress. Cantilever construction allows for overhanging structures without external bracing.

Wright, Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania,1936-1939

Wright, Falling Water, 1936-1939

Wright, Guggenheim Museum, 1943-1959 New

York, NY

Wright, Guggenheim Museum, 1943-1959 New York, NY

Wright, Guggenheim Museum, 1943-1959 New

York, NY

Wright, Guggenheim Museum, 1943-1959 New

York, NY

Wright, Guggenheim Museum, 1943-1959 New

York, NY

Wright, Guggenheim Museum, 1943-1959 New York, NY

Depression Art

Dorothea Lange

Lange, Migrant Mother, 1935

Jacob LawrenceMigration of the Negro

series

Lawrence, Migration of the Negro No. 49, 1940-1941

Wood, American Gothic, 1930

Wood, American Gothic, 1930

Hopper, Nighthawks, 1942

Orozco, Epic of American Civilization:

Hispano-America, 1932-1934

http://www.dartmouth.edu/~spanmod/mural/all.html