E nnvvviiirrroon nmmmeeenntttaaalll oIIImmmpppaaacccttt ...environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/...Dujodwala Products Ltd. Kumbhivali, E District Raigad Environmental Impact

Dujodwala Products Ltd. Kumbhivali,

District Raigad

Environmental Impact Assessment Report For Proposed Expansion of Organic Chemical Manufacturing

Plant of Dujodwala Products Ltd.,

EME/CS/EIA- DPL-IND/2012-13/111:R01dt.:14.11.2014

Final EIA - EMP

Report

MITCON Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd. , Pune

1

EME/CS/EIA- DPL-IND/2012-13/111 R01 Date.:14.11.2014

Prepared By

Prepared For

Dujodwala Products Ltd.

Village Kumbhivali, District Raigad,

Maharashtra

EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll IIImmmpppaaacccttt AAAsssssseeessssssmmmeeennnttt RRReeepppooorrrttt

For

Proposed Expansion of Organic Chemical

Manufacturing Plant

MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd.,

Pune Environment Management and Engineering Division

Shivajinagar Pune, Pune-411005

Phone: 020-66289400/407/500,

Fax: 020-25521607


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MITCON Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd. , Pune 2

Contents

TOR COMPLIANCE ................................................................................................................................................ 8

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 13

1.1. Preamble .................................................................................................................................................... 13

1.2. Purpose of the Report .......................................................................................................................... 14

1.3. Identification of Project & Project Proponent ......................................................................... 16

1.4. Nature and Size of the Project ......................................................................................................... 17

1.5. Project Location ...................................................................................................................................... 17

1.6. Environmental Policies and Legal Provision For Environment ...................................... 18

1.7. Scope of the Study ................................................................................................................................. 20

1.8. Scope of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA)................................................................... 21

1.9. EIA Methodology .................................................................................................................................... 22

1.10. Organization of Report .................................................................................................................... 24

CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................. 26

2.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 26

2.2. Type of Project ........................................................................................................................................ 26

2.3. Need for the Project .............................................................................................................................. 30

2.4. Project Location ...................................................................................................................................... 30

2.5. Plant Layout ............................................................................................................................................. 32

2.6. Raw Material Requirement and Transport ............................................................................... 32

2.7. Process Details ........................................................................................................................................ 36

2.8. Basic Requirement Of The Project ................................................................................................. 47

2.9. Utilities ........................................................................................................................................................ 48

2.10. Existing Environmental Compliance ........................................................................................ 49

CHAPTER 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................. 50

3.1 Study Area ................................................................................................................................................. 50

3.2 Methodology of Conducting Baseline Study ............................................................................. 51

3.3 Physical Environment.......................................................................................................................... 52

3.4 Air Environment ..................................................................................................................................... 59

3.5 Micro Meteorology ................................................................................................................................ 60


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3.6 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ)................................................................................................................ 69

3.7 Noise Environment ............................................................................................................................... 72

3.8 Water Environment .............................................................................................................................. 75

3.9 Land Environment ................................................................................................................................ 79

3.10 Ecology & Biodiversity .................................................................................................................... 88

3.11 Socio-Economic Environment ..................................................................................................... 96

CHAPTER 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

114

4.1 Identification of Impacts ................................................................................................................. 114

4.2 Air Pollution .......................................................................................................................................... 116

4.3 Impact on Soil Environment .......................................................................................................... 116

4.4 Impact on Water Use ......................................................................................................................... 117

4.5 Impact on Water Quality ................................................................................................................. 118

4.6 Rainwater Harvesting ....................................................................................................................... 118

4.7 Impact on Noise Environment ...................................................................................................... 119

4.8 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment ................................................................................ 120

CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................. 121

5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 121

5.2 Analysis of Site Alternative ............................................................................................................ 121

CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM .................................................. 124

6.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 124

6.2 Sampling Schedule and Locations .............................................................................................. 125

6.3 Laboratory Facilities ......................................................................................................................... 126

CHAPTER 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES ................................................................................................. 128

7.1 Risk Assessment .................................................................................................................................. 128

7.2 Risk Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................................... 132

7.3 Disaster Management Plan ............................................................................................................ 133

7.4 Off-Site Emergency Plan .................................................................................................................. 147

7.5 Public Hearing ...................................................................................................................................... 149

CHAPTER 8 PROJECT BENEFITS ....................................................................................................... 153

8.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 153

8.2 Improvement in the Physical Infrastructure ......................................................................... 153


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8.3 Improvement in Social Infrastructure ...................................................................................... 153

8.4 Other Tangible Benefits ................................................................................................................... 154

8.5 Employment Potential – Skilled, Semi-Skilled and Unskilled........................................ 155

CHAPTER 9 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................ 156

9.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 156

9.2 Objectives of Environmental Management Plan.................................................................. 157

9.3 Checklist of Statutory Obligations .............................................................................................. 157

9.4 Environmental Management Cell (EMC) ................................................................................. 158

9.5 Construction Phase Environment Management .................................................................. 159

9.6 Operational Phase Air Environment Management ............................................................. 160

9.7 Operational Phase Noise Environment Management ....................................................... 160

9.8 Ash Evacuation System .................................................................................................................... 162

9.9 Biological Environment ................................................................................................................... 167

9.10 Land Environment .......................................................................................................................... 167

9.11 Green Belt ........................................................................................................................................... 167

9.12 Occupational Safety & Health .................................................................................................... 169

9.13 Socio-Economic Welfare Activities ......................................................................................... 169

9.14 Environmental Monitoring Schedule .................................................................................... 170

9.15 Environmental Budget ................................................................................................................. 170

CHAPTER 10 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION .................................................................................. 171

10.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 171

10.2 Project Description ........................................................................................................................ 171

10.3 Description of the Environment .............................................................................................. 174

10.4 Environmental Impact Assessments ..................................................................................... 177

10.5 Environmental Management Plan .......................................................................................... 178

10.6 Environmental Monitoring ......................................................................................................... 182

10.7 Project Benefits ................................................................................................................................ 182

CHAPTER 11 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ENGANGED ...................................................... 183

11.1 Background of the Organization .............................................................................................. 183

11.2 About EME Division and Consultancy Services Offered ............................................... 184

11.3 Consultants Engaged in Preparation of EIA EMP Report ............................................ 188


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TABLES

Table No. 1.1 Product Profile of Dujodwala ........................................................................................... 16

Table No. 1.2 List of following products against the existing products .................................... 17

Table No. 1.3 Summary of Environmental Legislation applicable for Proposed Project . 19

Table No. 2.1 Detailed project cost break up ......................................................................................... 29

Table No. 2.2: Salient Features of the Project Site ............................................................................. 30

Table No. 2.3 List of Raw Material & Quantities .................................................................................. 34

Table No. 2.4 Imported Raw Materials ..................................................................................................... 34

Table No. 2.5 Water Balance for Existing Chemical Unit ................................................................. 47

Table No. 2.6 Water Balance for proposed Chemical Unit .............................................................. 47

Table No. 2.7 Current Effluent Generation ............................................................................................. 48

Table No. 2.8 Proposed Effluent Generation ......................................................................................... 48

Table No. 2.9 Solid Wastes Generated Quantity and Mode of Disposal ................................... 49

Table No. 3.1 Baseline Environmental Parameters ............................................................................ 50

Table No. 3.2 Location Features of the Site ............................................................................................ 60

Table No. 3.3 Meteorological Parameters Monitored At Site ........................................................ 61

Table No. 3.4 Wind direction from October to December ............................................................... 61

Table No. 3.4 (A) Wind speed from October to December ............................................................. 62

Table No. 3.4 (B) Temperature data for the months of October to December .................... 62

Table No. 3.4 (C) Relative humidity for the months of October to December....................... 62

Table No.3.4 (D) Temperature recorded at the site ........................................................................... 63

Table No. 3.4 (E) Relative Humidity recorded at the site ................................................................ 64

Table No. 3.5 Description of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations ................................... 69

Table No. 3.6 Techniques Used for the Analysis of Ambient Air Quality Parameters ....... 71

Table No. 3.7 Observations of Air Monitoring ...................................................................................... 71

Table No. 3.8 Ambient Noise Levels in Study Area ............................................................................. 73

Table No. 3.9 Water sampling locations .................................................................................................. 76

Table No. 3.10 Water Quality Results (Sortout parameters) ......................................................... 76

Table No. 3.11 Soil Quality Monitored within Buffer Zone of project ....................................... 80

Table No. 3.12 Ecology Survey Sampling Locations........................................................................... 90

Table No. 3.13 List of plant species observed in 10km radius of the project area .............. 93

Table No. 3.14 Mammal species in the study area .............................................................................. 94

Table No. 3.15 Amphibian and reptile in the study area ................................................................. 94

Table No. 3.16 Avifauna of the study area .............................................................................................. 95

Table No. 3.17 Common fish species found in the river (Patalganga) ...................................... 95

Table No. 3.18 Demographic details of the study area ..................................................................... 99

Table No. 3.18 (A) Population by Sex and Sex Ratio .......................................................................... 99

Table No. 3.18 (B) SC and ST population in the study area ......................................................... 100

Table No. 3.19 Population and sex ratio among SC’s and ST’s ................................................... 101

Table No. 3.20 Population in the study area (0-6 years) age group ........................................ 102


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Table No. 3.21 Number of Household Population and Household Size ................................. 103

Table No. 3.22 Literacy & Illiteracy rate of the Study Area ......................................................... 105

Table No. 3.23 Educational Facility in the Study Area ................................................................... 106

Table No. 3.24 Occupational Structure of Worker Falls in the Study Area .......................... 107

Table No. 3.25 Amenities Facility (Water) .......................................................................................... 109

Table No. 3.26 Medical Facility in the Study Area ............................................................................ 110

Table No. 3.27 Land use Pattern In The Study Area (in Ha) ....................................................... 113

Table No. 4.1Component Wise Emission .............................................................................................. 116

Table No. 5.1 Salient Features of Site ..................................................................................................... 123

Table No. 6.1 Post project Monitoring Schedule ............................................................................... 125

Table No. 9.1 Solid Waste Generation Details of Proposed and Existing Plant.................. 163

Table No. 9.2 Projected Treated Effluent Characteristics ............................................................ 164

Table No. 9.3 Budgetary allocation for environmental protection measures .................... 170

FIGURES

Figure No. 1.1 Map Showing Chemical Industries in Maharashtra, India................................ 14

Figure No. 2.1 Index Map showing the location of the Project ..................................................... 31

Figure No. 2.2 Plot Boundary Marked on Google Earth Image ..................................................... 32

Figure No. 2.3 Figure showing10 Km Radial Study Area ................................................................. 33

Figure No. 2.4 Diagram of Solvent Recovery Process ........................................................................ 35

Figure No. 2.5 Products of α - pinene conversion ............................................................................... 37

Figure No. 2.6 Process Flow Chart for Camphor Manufacturing ................................................. 46

Figure No. 3.1 Hydrogeology of the Pune District ............................................................................... 53

Figure No 3.2 Depth to water level (May 2007) .................................................................................. 55

Figure No. 3.3 Depth to water level (November 2007) .................................................................... 56

Figure No. 3.4 Pre-monsoon (L) and Post-mansoon (R) Water Level trend (May & Nov.

1998 – 2007.................................................................................................................................................. 57

Figure No. 3.5 Talukawise Ground Water Resources in Raigad ................................................... 58

Figure No. 3.6 (A) Wind rose for the month of October 2012 ....................................................... 65

Figure No. 3.6 (B) Wind rose for the month of November 2012 ................................................. 66

Figure No. 3.6 (C) Wind rose for the month of December 2012 .................................................. 67

Figure No. 3.6 (D) Seasonal Wind rose for the month of October – December 2012 ........ 68

Figure No. 3.7 Ambient Air Monitoring Locations .............................................................................. 70

Figure No. 3.8 Ambient Noise Monitoring Locations......................................................................... 74

Figure No. 3.9 Water Sampling Locations ............................................................................................... 78

Figure No. 3.10 Soil Sampling Locations ................................................................................................. 81

Figure No. 3.11 Map showing Cultivation (L) & Uncultivated Land (R) of Raigad District

............................................................................................................................................................................ 83

Figure No. 3.13 Seismic Map showing the project site ..................................................................... 87

Figure No. 3.14 Ecological Sampling Locations .................................................................................... 91


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Figure No. 3.15 Photographs of the Study Area ................................................................................... 92

Figure No. 3.16 Land use of study area ................................................................................................ 112

Figure No.7.1. Schematic Flow Chart for On-Site Emergency Plan .......................................... 147

Figure No.7.2. Schematic Flow Chart for Off-Site Emergency Plan.......................................... 148

Figure No. 7.3 Glimpses of the Public Hearing................................................................................... 150

Figure No. 9.1 Environment Management Cell .................................................................................. 158

Figure No. 9.2 Schematic diagram of proposed ETP ....................................................................... 165

Figure No. 9.3 Schematic diagram of existing ETP .......................................................................... 166

ANNEXURE

Annexure No. 1 Master Layout Plan ....................................................................................................... 191

Annexure No. 2 Additional Water Requirement Permission Letter........................................ 192

Annexure No. 3 Power Permission by Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd

......................................................................................................................................................................... 204

Annexure No. 4 Three Months Ambient Air Quality Results ...................................................... 208

Annexure No. 5 Noise Monitoring Results ........................................................................................... 214

Annexure No. 6 Water Quality Results .................................................................................................. 215

Annexure No. 7 Soil Quality Results ....................................................................................................... 231

Annexure No. 8 Satellite imagery for the study area of 10 km radius ................................... 237

Annexure No. 10 Minutes of Public Hearing _English .................................................................... 262

Annexure No. 11 Consent to Establish .................................................................................................. 268

Annexure No. 12 Consent to Operate ..................................................................................................... 272

Annexure No. 13 Environmental Audit Statement .......................................................................... 275


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TOR COMPLIANCE

Ltd. Vide letter No, J-11011/154/2012-IA II (i) dated 11th January, 2013.

No. Terms of References Compliance

1 Executive summary of the project Refer chapter 10 of EIA/EMP report

2 Justification of the project Justification of the project is discussed

under Section 1.2 and 1.3 of Chapter 1 and

2.3 of chapter 2 of EIA/EMP report.

3 Project location and plant layout Project location is discussed under Section

1.5 of chapter 1 of EIA/EMP report and for

plant layout refer Annexure 1

4 Promoters and their back ground Refer Section 1.3, Chapter 1 of EIA/EMP

report

5 Regulatory framework Refer Section 1.6, Chapter 1 of EIA/EMP

report

6 A separate chapter on status of compliance of

Environmental Condition granted by

State/Central to be provided. As per circular

dated 30th may, 2012 issued by MoEF, a certified

report by RO, MoEF on status of compliance of

condition on existing unit to be provided in

EIA/EMP report

Refer Section 2.10, Chapter 2, Existing

Environmental Compliance is elaborated

in the text with copy of consents annexed.

7 Environmental clearance for the existing unit

issued by the ministry (reasons, if not obtained),

Consent to Operate and Authorization accorded

by the MPCB

The existing factory became functional in

1990s and was not covered under EIA

notification 1994. Consent to Operate for

existing unit and Consent to Establish for

proposed expansion is available. Same is

enclosed as Annexure No. 11 & 12

8 Data for the stack emission, fugitive emission;

water requirement and water balance chart;

wastewater generation, treated effluent quality,

re-utilization and disposal of solid/hazardous

waste for existing unit

For water requirement and water balance

chart refer Section 2.8.2 & 2.8.3, chapter 2

of EIA/EMP report

For wastewater generation treated

effluent quality, re-utilization and disposal

of solid/hazardous waste for existing unit

refer Section 2.9.1 & 2.9.2, chapter 2 of

EIA/EMP report

9 A map indicating location of the project and

distance from severely polluted area

Refer fig. 2.1 and 2.3 for 10 km radius

map. No severely polluted area is in 10 km

radius of project site.

10 Infrastructure facilities including power sources Refer Section 2.8, chapter 2 of EIA/EMP

report


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11 Total cost of the project along with total capital

cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental

pollution control measures

Total cost of the project –

Rs. 31 Crore

Capital cost :- Rs. 50 lakhs

Recurring cost per annum: -

Rs 24 lakhs

12 Project site location along with site map of 10 km

area and site details providing various industries,

surface water bodies, forests etc.

Refer figure 2.3 showing 10 km map of the

study area, chapter 2 of EIA/EMP report

13 Present land use based on satellite imagery for the

study area of 10 km radius

Refer Annexure 8

Satellite imagery of 10 km radius

14 Location of National Park/Wild Life

Sanctuary/Reserve Forest within 10 km radius

There is no National Park/Wild Life

Sanctuary/Reserve Forest within the

study area

15 Details of the total land and break-up of the land

use for green belt and other uses.

Total Area – 20 Acres

Expansion of the project – 5 Acres

Green Belt – 7 ha.

16 List of the products along with the production

capacities.

Refer Section 2.1, chapter 2 of EIA/EMP

report

17 Detailed list of raw material required and source,

mode of storage and transportation.


report

18 Manufacturing process details along with the

chemical reaction and process flow chart.

For manufacturing process details refer

Section 2.7, chapter 2 of EIA/EMP report

19 Site-specific micro-metrological data using

temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind

speed and direction and rainfall is necessary.


report

20 Ambient air quality monitoring at 6 locations

within the study area of 5 km., aerial coverage

from project site as per NAAQES notified on 16th

September, 2009. Location of one AAQMS in

downwind direction.

Refer Section 3.6 Ambient Air Quality

table 3.5 , chapter 3 of EIA/EMP report

21 One season site-specific micro-meteorological

data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly

wind speed and direction and rainfall and AAQ

data (except monsoon) for PM10, SO2, NOx

including HC and VOCs should be collected. The

monitoring station should take into account the

pre-dominant wind direction, population zone

and sensitive receptors including reserved forests.

Data for water and noise monitoring should also

be included.

Refer Section 3.5, 3.6, chapter 3 of

EIA/EMP report.

Refer section 3.7 and 3.8 for noise and

water quality respectively.

22 Air pollution control measures proposed for the

effective control of gaseous emission within

permissible limits.

Dust collector with wet scrubber. State-of-

the-art scrubbers will be installed for

10TPH boiler to limit the air pollution.


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Unloading areas will be provided with

water sprinklers to prevent the fugitive

dust.

23 Name of all the solvents to be used in the process

and details of solvent recovery systems.

Refer Section 2.6.4, chapter 2 of EIA/EMP

report

24 Design details of ETP, incinerator, boiler,

scrubbers/bag filters etc.

Refer Section 9.8, fig, 9.2 and 9.3 chapter 9

of EIA/EMP report

25 Details of water and air pollution and its

mitigation measures plan.

Refer Section 4.2 for Air Pollution and its

Mitigation Measures and Section 4.4 For

Water Pollution and its Mitigation

Measures, chapter 4 of EIA/EMP report

26 Action plan to control ambient air quality as per

NAAQES standards notified by the Ministry on

16th September, 2009.


report

27 An action plan to control and monitor secondary

fugitive emissions from all the sources.

Refer Section 9.6 and 9.8, chapter 9 of

EIA/EMP report

28 Determination of atmospheric inversion level at

the project site and assessment of ground level

concentration of pollutants from the stack

emission based on site-specific meteorological

features. Air quality modeling for proposed plant.


report 29 Permission from concerned Authority for the

drawl of 182m3/day water from River Patalganga.

Water balance chart including quantity of effluent

generated recycled and reused and discharged.

Refer Annexure 2 for water withdrawal

permission and for water balance refer

Table 2.5, 2.6, chapter 2 of EIA/EMP

report

30 Action plan for ‘Zero’ discharge of effluent should

be included.

The generated waste water will be used

for water sprinkling and greenbelt

development.

31 Ground water quality monitoring minimum at 6

locations should be carried out. Geological

features and geo-hydrological status of the study

area and ecological status (Terrestrial and

Aquatic).

Refer Section 3.8.2 , Chapter 3 of EIA/EMP

report for ground water quality

Section 3.3.2 Geomorphology & Soil Types,

3.9.1 Geology and

Section 3.10 Biological Environment of

EIA /EMP report.

32 The details of solid and hazardous wastes

generation, storage, utilization and disposal

particularly related to the hazardous waste.

Refer Section 9.8.3, chapter 9 of EIA/EMP

report

33 Action plan for management of fly ash generated

from boiler should be included. Tie-up or

agreement with brick manufacturers to be

provided.

Fly ash will be stored in a silo. Fly ash will

be given to Cement /brick manufacturers.

The details refer Section 9.8, Chapter 9 of

EIA/EMP report.

34 Precautions to be taken during storage and

transportation of hazardous chemicals should be

clearly mentioned and incorporated.

Refer Section 7.1. & 7.2, chapter 7 of

EIA/EMP report

35 A copy of the Memorandum of understanding

signed with cement manufacturing indicating

clearly that they will utilized all the organic solid

Will made available


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waste generated.

36 A copy of ‘Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)

signed with coal supplier for imported coal and

brick manufactures for management of fly ash.

Will made available

37 Authorization/Membership for the disposal of

liquid effluent in CETP and solid/hazardous waste

in TSDF, if any.

Will made available

38 Risk assessment for storage for

chemicals/solvents.

Refer Section 7.2 chapter 7 of EIA/EMP

report

39 Material safety data sheet of chemicals to be

submitted.

Refer Annexure 9

40 An action plan to develop green belt in 33% area. Refer Section 9.11, chapter 9 of EIA/EMP

report

41 Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at

plant site should be included to harvest rainwater

from the roof tops and storm water drains to

recharge the ground water.


report

42 Details of occupational health programme.

To which chemicals, workers are exposed directly

or indirectly.

I. Whether these chemicals are within

threshold Limit values (TLV)/ Permissible

Exposure Levels as per ACGIH

recommendation.

II. What measures company has taken to

keep these chemicals within PEL/TLV.

III. How the workers are evaluated

concerning their exposure to chemicals

during pre-placement and periodical

medical monitoring.

IV. What are onsite and offsite emergency

plan during chemical disaster.

V. Liver function tests (LFT) during pre-

placement and periodical examination.

VI. Details of occupational health surveillance

programme.

Refer Section 9.12 Occupational Safety &

Health chapter 9 of EIA/EMP report

Section 7.3.2 On-Site Emergency Plan &

Section 7.4 Off Site Emergency Plan of

Chapter 7

43 Socio-economic development activities should be

in place.


report

44 Note on compliance to the recommendations

mentioned in the CREP guidelines.

Not Applicable

45 Detailed Environment Management Plan (EMP)

with specific reference to details of air pollution

control system, water & wastewater management,

Refer chapter 9 environmental

Management Plan


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monitoring frequency, responsibility and time

bound implementation plan for mitigation

measures should be provided.

46 EMP should include the concept of waster-

minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques,

Energy conservation and natural resource

conservation.

Refer Chapter 9 Environmental

Management Plan

47 Corporate Environmental Responsibility

(a) Does the company have a well laid down

Environment Policy approved by its Board of

Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA

report.

(b) Does the Environmental Policy prescribe for

standard operating process/procedures to

bring into focus any infringement/

deviation/violation of the environmental or

forest norms/conditions? If so, it may be

detailed in the EIA report.

Refer Section 9.13 Socio-Economic

Welfare Activities

48 What is the hierarchical system or Administrative

order of the company to deal with the

environmental issues and for ensuring compliance

with the EC conditions. Details of this system may

be given.

Refer Section 9.4 Environment

Management Cell, Chapter 9

49 Does the company have a system of reporting of

noncompliance / violations of environmental

norms to the Board of Directors of the company

and /or shareholders or stakeholders at large?

The reporting mechanism should be detailed in

the EIA report.

Refer Section 9.4 Environment

Management Cell, Chapter 9

50 Any litigation pending against the project and/or

any direction/order passed by any court of Law

against the project, if so, details thereof.

No litigation pending against the project

and/or any direction/order passed by any

court of Law against the project, if so,

details thereof

51 Public hearing to be conducted and issues raised

and commitments made by the project proponent

on the same should be included in EIA/EMP

report in the form of tabular chart with financial

budget for complying with the commitments

made.

Public Hearing was conducted on 11th September 2014. Refer Section 7.5 Public Hearing, Chapter 10, and Annexure No. 10 & Figure No. 7. 3.


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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1. Preamble

The Indian chemical industry is among the traditional sectors of the country that play

an integral role in the country’s economic development. This sector forms a part of the

basic goods industry and is a critical input for industrial and agricultural development.

The Indian chemical industry is one of the oldest industries in India and has made

immense contribution to the industrial and agricultural development of India. It

encompasses both large and small-scale units. The fiscal incentives granted to the small-

scale units in the mid-1980s provided the thrust to the growth of Micro, Small and

Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the sector. The chemical industry serves the needs of

sectors such as textiles, pharma, petrochemicals, dyes, leather, plastics, paper, printing

inks and food stuffs, among others.

It is the one of the most diversified industrial sectors and includes basic chemicals and

its products, petrochemicals, fertilizers, paints, gases, pharmaceuticals, dyes, etc. The

sector covers over 70,000 commercial products, and provides the feedstock to many

downstream industries such as finished drugs, dyestuffs, paper, synthetic rubber,

plastics, polyester, paints, pesticides, fertilizers and detergents. Over the years, the

industry has been evolving with a shift towards product innovation, brand building and

environmental friendliness. Besides, customer focus is gaining significance in the

industry.

1.1.1 Development of Chemical Industrial Sector in Maharashtra

The Indian chemical industry is well-established in Maharashtra. During year 2006-07,

the production of major chemicals in the state was 565,481 MT. In the same year,

chemical production capacity of 17,928 MT was added that took and the total installed

capacity increased to 5, 83,409 MT

Under the National Industrial Classification, the chemical industry includes basic

chemicals and its products –petrochemicals, fertilizers, paints, varnishes, gases, soaps,


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perfumes, toiletries and pharmaceuticals. For the purpose of the cluster and industry

study, the chemical industry is classified into five major segments and these are as

follows: alkali, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals, pesticides, and dyes and dyestuff.

Accordingly, any reference made to the Indian chemical industry hereon will include the

information on these five major segments exclusively.

Figure No. 1.1 Map Showing Chemical Industries in Maharashtra, India

1.2. Purpose of the Report

M/s Dujodwala Products Ltd. (DPL) located near Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra, is

manufacturing Organic chemicals. Now, it plans to expand its plant capacity. As per EIA

notification 2006, and amendments their on such projects are considered in category

5(f) of schedule and requires prior environmental clearance. Environmental Impact


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Assessment Report is prepared as a procedure for obtaining prior Environmental

Clearance for the proposed expansion.

This environment impact assessment (EIA) is prepared, based on studies carried out

during the post monsoon (October) & winter (November, December) of Year-2012. The

environmental attributes like ambient air, water, soil, noise selected for study are those,

which are likely to be affected by the project. The study area is defined as an area within

10.0 kms radius around site located at Kumbhivali Village. (As per the Terms of

Reference approved by MoEF, New Delhi Vide their letter No, J-11011/154/2012-IA.II

(i) dated 11th January, 2013.

Terms of Reference

The Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) study based on:

Dujodwala Product Ltd. has submitted Form-1 along with proposed ToR and pre-

feasibility report for EIA study to the MoEF.

Presentation to finalize ToR was held on 30th October 2012 at MoEF, New Delhi.

Terms of Reference (ToR) provided by Expert Appraisal Committee (Industrial

Project) of MoEF to Dujodwala Product Ltd. Vide letter No, J-11011/154/2012-

IA II (i) dated 11th January, 2013.

Environmental Impact Assessment studies are carried out. The objective of the

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is to understand the prevailing physical

and biological environment.

The purpose of any EIA exercise is to identify and assess the adverse impacts of a

project in the planning stage itself, so that necessary mitigation measures to prevent or

minimize these adverse impacts can be planned early and cost-effectively. In view of

this, the specific objectives of this EIA are.

To have an in-depth know-how of the project and to identify the probable

sources of pollution that may arise from each stage of the process.


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To review the current environmental status of the area within 10Km radius of

the proposed project site - collection of baseline data on the environmental

attributes including air, noise, water, land, ecological, hydro-geological climate

and socio-economic environments.

To assess likely or potential environmental impacts of the proposed activity

To estimate the impacts of the proposed project on the surrounding

environment.

To prepare a comprehensive Environmental Management Plan to ensure that the

Environmental quality of the area would be preserved.

1.3. Identification of Project & Project Proponent

Dijodwala's entered in the field of naval stores industry in 1947 and since then have

been engaged in manufacturing / supplying the products of naval stores industry which

consists of Gum Rosin, Oil of Turpentine and their derivatives. The plant at Kumbhivali

village became functional in 1990s and is operational till today. The product profile of

the Dujodwala Products Ltd is given in Table No.1.1.

Table No. 1.1 Product Profile of Dujodwala

Sr. No. Name of Chemical

Sr. No. Name of Chemical

1 Camphor

12 Rosin

2 Camphene

13 Rosin Emulsion Size

3 Isoborneol Acetate

14 Rosin Esters

4 Isoborneol Powder

15 Ester Gums

5 Camphor Oil

16 Maleic Resins

6 Sodium Acetate

17 Phenolic Resins

7 Dipentene

18 Rosinets

8 Turpentine

19 Terpene Phenolics

9 Alpha Pinene

20 Foundry Resins

10 Beta Pinene

21 Ketonic Resins

11 Longifolene

22 Polyamide Resins

23 Polyester Resins

http://www.dujodwala.com/Rosin.pdf

http://www.dujodwala.com/Ester%20Gum.pdf

http://www.dujodwala.com/dipentene.pdf

http://www.dujodwala.com/

http://www.dujodwala.com/Terpene%20Phenolic%20Resins.pdf

http://www.dujodwala.com/


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1.4. Nature and Size of the Project

DPL has planned to enhance the production of the following products against the existing

products given in Table No. 1.2.

Table No. 1.2 List of following products against the existing products

Sr. No

Name of the chemical Existing capacity

(MT/Month) Proposed capacity

(MT /Month) 1. Alphapinene (95%) - 200.00 2. Polyester Resin 125 100.00 3. Phenolic Resin 166.66 800.00 4. Alkyd Resin 25.00 300.00 5. Coating - 500.00 6. Rosin Easter 50 150.00 7. Maleic Modified Resin 25 75.00 8. Phenolic Modified Resin 25 75.00 9. PVC chemicals - 500.00

10. Camphene 75 200.00 11. Dipentene 150 350.00 12. Ketonic Resin 25 100.00 13. Polyamide Resin 25 100.00

The proposed expansion is backed by high demand of products in growing resin

industry. Currently, large quantity of material is being imported. The proposed

expansion will reduce the import of the material. Camphene, which is mainly imported,

is one of the major intermediate for camphor manufacturing. The proposed expansion

includes production of camphene at site.

1.5. Project Location

The existing organic manufacturing plant site is located at village Kumbhavali, Taluka

Khalapur, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra and is near Pune Mumbai Expressway. The nearest

railway station is Khopoli located at 9.80 kms (aerial distance) from the project site. The

nearest airport is Chhatrapati Shivaji Airport at 52 kms from the project site.

The approximate co-ordinates of the existing site are 18o 49' 34.76" N and 73o 15'

34.46" E. The location of the site is shown in the index map attached.


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1.5.1 Approach to the Site

Khopoli railway station is at a distance of 9.80 kms (aerial distance) from the project

site and Khalapur town is about 2.6 kms (aerial distance) away from the site. One can

also approach to the site by through the Pen connector located on the right side of

Khalapur Toll Plaza (while coming from Pune to Mumbai) which bifurcates into two

roads further one road leading to Pen and the other road leading to a series of

industries out of which one is Dujodwala Products Ltd. The nearest operating Airport is

at, Mumbai (Chhatrapati Shivaji Airport) which is about 52 kms (aerial distance) away.

1.6. Environmental Policies and Legal Provision For Environment

Several environment policy statements have been formulated in the last few decades as

a part of the Governments’ approach to integrate environmental and developmental

aspects of planning. The policies reflect a gradual shift in emphasis from pollution

abatement and control to proactive and voluntary approaches for pollution prevention

in keeping with global paradigm shifts and trends in environment management.

Following are some of the key policies that have been laid down by the Central

Government:

National Forest Policy, 1988;

National Conservation Strategy and Policy Statement on Environment and

Development, 1992;

Policy Statement on Abatement of Pollution, 1992.

Despite these policy documents, a need for a comprehensive policy statement had been

evident for some time in order to infuse a common approach to the various sectoral and

cross-sectoral, approaches to environmental management. As a result, a National

Environment Policy (NEP, 2006) has been drawn up as a response to our national

commitment to a clean environment, mandated in the Constitution in Articles 48 A and

51 A (g), strengthened by judicial interpretation of Article 21.


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The principal environmental regulatory agency in India is the Ministry of Environment

and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi. MoEF formulates environmental policies and accords

environmental clearance for the projects.

It is important to note that the Central Government framed ‘umbrella legislation’, called

the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to broadly encompass and regulate an array of

environmental issues. The overall purpose of EPA is to establish an overall coherent

policy and provide a basis for the coordinated work of various government agencies

with operational responsibility for the environment and natural resources. This

legislation also invests authorities with regulatory powers to address specific issues

affecting the environment. The Act does not allow any person to establish an industry,

operation or process that discharge or emit any environmental pollutant in excess of

standards prescribed under specific rules and notifications. The Acts, Rules and

Notifications applicable to environmental aspects of the construction and operational

phases of proposed project is summarized in following Table No. 1.3.

Table No. 1.3 Summary of Environmental Legislation applicable for Proposed Project

Legislation Areas / Activities Covered Environment (Protection) Act, 1991 (as amended) with Rules.

Overall Environment Protection Compliance to environmental (Air, Water, Noise) Standards issued under EPR

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1987 (as amended) with Rules.

Protection of Air Quality Consent to Establish (NOC) for establishing and Consent to Operate (CTE) for activities causing air pollution from DG sets from SPCB, Compliance to National Ambient Air Quality Standard

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 with Rules.

Protection of Water Quality, Discharge of sewage from proposed project, Obtaining Consent to Establish (NOC) for establishing and Consent to Operate (CTE) for activities causing water pollution from SPCB

Water Cess Act, 2003 (as amended)

Paying Water Cess to Local Body for sourcing of domestic water

Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2006 (as amended)

Compliance with Ambient Noise Standards in accordance to land use of the area

The Public Liability Insurance Act,1992 (as amended)

An Act to provide public liability- insurance for the purpose of providing immediate relief to the persons affected by accident while handling any hazardous


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Legislation Areas / Activities Covered substance and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto

Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 2000 (as amended)

Notifying regulatory authority (in this case, the State Factories Inspectorate) of storage of hazardous substances like Waste Oil, etc Follow guidance on such storage, maintain updated MSDS, submit annual Safety Report to authority Prepare Onsite Emergency Plan

State Groundwater Regulation

Conform to restriction for drawing of groundwater Arrange for recharge through Rainwater Harvesting Schemes (as applicable)

Siting Guidance

Follow Siting Guidance as far as practicable Avoid sites which are environmentally sensitive Avoid sites which are environmentally sensitive

National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation

Resettlement and Rehabilitation issues of project affected people

Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958

No development activity (including building, mining, excavating, blasting) is permitted within radii of 100m (protected area), and 300m (controlled area) without prior permission of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) or State Department of Archaeology.

1.7. Scope of the Study

In order to obtain, prior Environmental Clearance, as required as per EIA notification

2006 from the Ministry of Environmental & Forest (MoEF) & Expert Appraisal

Committee, Ministry of Environment & Forest, New Delhi it is required to carry out

Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) study for the proposed expansion of organic

chemical manufacturing plant, deliberating the positive and negative impacts on the

environment. A befitting environment management and monitoring plan (EM&MP) will

be prepared to mitigate or minimize the negative impact vis-à-vis retaining the positive

impacts of the project.

Keeping in line with TOR, having a high degree of concern, for the environment and in

order to assess the likely impacts arising out of the proposed project, Dujodwala

Products Ltd., has retained services of MITCON Consultancy and Engineering Services

Ltd., Shivajinagar, Pune – 411 005 to carry out the Environmental Impact Assessment

(EIA).


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1.8. Scope of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA)

The study envisages characterization of the existing status of physical environment such

as air, water, soil, land use, meteorology, socio-economic and heritage etc. as well as

biological environment such as flora and fauna of the study area of 10 km radius and

quantifying impacts on the environmental parameters. Based on the baseline data, EIA

evaluates the proposed control measures by the project and prepares an environment

management plan, outlining additional proposed activities and delineates the

requirements of environmental monitoring program. EIA study shall cover the following

aspects

Evaluation of present environmental factors through analysis of generated and

collected baseline data for one complete non-monsoon season (3 months).

Assess the probable impact on the environmental factors due to implementation of

the project with respect to existing scenario.

Analyze the predicted impact with respect to the regulatory environmental

standards.

Assess the probable risk at the proposed plant.

Develop an Environmental Management Plan and on site Disaster Management Plan

for the proposed project to mitigate the negative significant impacts that would arise

from the proposed project.

The baseline data has been collected for the following environmental components,

during Post Monsoon & Winter 2012

Air Quality

Meteorology

Noise Environment

Water Use & Quality

Soil Quality

Land Use, Crop Pattern, Agricultural Practices

Demographic aspects

Ecology & Biodiversity


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Baseline data on parameters of the above-mentioned aspects over a season provides

means for identifying possible impact-positive as well as adverse. An environmental

impact assessment and environment management plan comprising an overall

assessment of the impact due to project activity over baseline condition of the existing

environment and a mitigating action plan to counter the adverse impact as defined. An

environmental monitoring program is also prepared to provide scientific support to

future actions of environmental protection.

1.9. EIA Methodology

Environmental Impact Assessment study has been conducted within an area of 10 km

radius around the proposed project area. The various steps involved in the study for a

particular project are divided into three following phases.

Identification of significant environmental parameters and assessing the status

within the impact zone

Prediction of Impacts envisaged due to proposed scheme on various

environmental parameters

Evaluation of impacts after superimposing the predicted scenario over the

baseline scenario to prepare Environmental Management Plan

Accordingly, field studies were carried out during post monsoon and winter 2012 to

establish the existing conditions.

To determine the magnitude of significant potential impacts and to ensure that the

environmental considerations are given adequate weightage, subsequently, a

preliminary environmental screening was carried out. The environmental screening

was based on the available secondary data supplemented by regular field visits. During

screening, significant environmental issues were examined for all the alternatives.

Primary and secondary data were collected to describe the existing environmental set-

up.


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Keeping in view the activities envisaged and size of the project activities, the work

carried out is briefly reported below and has been described in detail in the subsequent

sections.

Environment Focus Areas

A) Air Environment: The prevailing ambient air quality status of the study region was

assessed through a network of ambient air-monitoring stations during post monsoon &

winter 2012. Different pollution parameters viz. PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur-di-oxide (SO2),

and Oxides of nitrogen (NOX) were identified for representing the baseline status of

ambient air quality within the study region.

Micro-meteorological parameters like wind speed & direction were continuously

recorded using an automatic weather station during study period. The recorded data

were used to determine predominant meteorological conditions, which are useful in

characterizing the baseline air quality status and in prediction of impacts on air

environment.

B) Noise Environment: Noise is generated by many activities associated with the plant

activities. Noise monitoring has been carried in the study area to assess the baseline

status of noise in the area.

C) Water Environment: Primary and secondary information on water resources

(ground/surface) was collected. The parameters of prime importance selected under

physico-chemical characteristics were estimated to describe the baseline environmental

status of the water resources during the study period

D) Land Environment: Soil samples were collected from different locations within the

project study area during the study period and were analyzed for various physico -

chemical parameters.

E) Socio-Economic Environment: Socio-economic information such as, demographic

pattern, population density, literacy levels, gender ratio, educational facilities,

agriculture, income, medical facilities, etc., was collected through basic surveys and


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from few reliable secondary sources. The same has been analyzed and presented in the

subsequent chapters.

1.10. Organization of Report

The report has been divided into following eleven chapters:

Chapter-1 – Introduction: This chapter provides background information of the

project, brief description and objectives of the project, description of the area, scope and

organization of the study.

Chapter-2 - Project Description: This chapter deals with the process and

specifications of the project. This also deals with the sources of pollution for the

proposed project and proposed control measures.

Chapter-3 – Description of the Environment: This chapter presents the methodology

and findings of field studies undertaken with reference to meteorology, ambient air,

water, soils, noise, and ecology to define the existing environmental status in the area.

Details on land use, socio-economics, geo-hydrology and industries are presented from

published secondary data.

Chapter-4 – Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures: This

chapter highlights the inferences drawn from the environmental impact assessment. It

describes the overall impact of the proposed expansion project and underscores the

areas where applicable environmental standards are expected to be violated. The

impact is assessed after considering both pre-expansion and post-expansion scenario.

Chapter- 5 - Analysis of Alternatives: This chapter presents the analysis of alternatives

(site) studied and final alternative selected based on account of various reasons

Chapter- 6 - Environmental Monitoring Program: The Environmental monitoring

requirements for determining the efficiency of the environmental protection and

mitigation measures are delineated in this Chapter along with required institutional

arrangements for ensuring their implementation.


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Chapter- 7- Additional Studies: This chapter describes studies carried out as per the

ToR, MoEF, New Delhi of the EIA, if any. This includes a Risk Assessment for the proposed

unit along with Social-Economic study, review of the Safety and Disaster Management

Plan proposed for the proposed expansion project.

Chapter- 8- Project Benefits: This Chapter highlights the expected benefits of the

proposed activity to the socio-economic scenario in the study area and to the country as

a whole.

Chapter -9 - Environmental Management Plan: This Chapter consolidates the

proposed and recommended environmental protection and mitigation measures and

the required institutional structure that ensures its proper implementation during the

construction as well as operational phase of the project. The assessment will cover the

baseline data generation, predictions and evaluation of impact on various

environmental components and preparation of adequate Environmental Management

Plan.

Chapter-10- Summary and Conclusion: This chapter summarizes the findings

presented in the EIA report.

Chapter 11 – Disclosure of consultants engaged: This chapter presents the profile of

consultants engaged for preparation of the EIA report.


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CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1. Introduction

Dujodwala Products Ltd. has planned to enhance the production of the following

products against the existing products as given in following table.

Sr. No Name of the chemical Existing capacity

(MT/Month)

Proposed capacity

(MT /month) 1. Alphapinene (95%) N.A 200.00 2. Polyester Resin 125 100.00 3. Phenolic Resin 166.66 800.00 4. Alkyd Resin 25.00 300.00 5. Coating NIL 500.00 6. Rosin Easter 50 150.00 7. Maleic Modified Resin 25 75.00 8. Phenolic Modified Resin 25 75.00 9. PVC chemicals NIL 500.00

10. Camphene 75 200.00 11. Dipentene 150 350.00 12. Ketonic Resin 25 100.00 13. Polyamide Resin 25 100.00

2.2. Type of Project

The project is neither an interlinked project nor an interdependent project. It is the

expansion project of existing organic chemicals manufacturing unit.

Sr. No

Item DESCRIPTION

1. Title of the project Proposed expansion of Organic Chemical Plant at Kumbhivali, Khalapur Dist. Raigad , Maharashtra by Dujodwala Products Ltd.

2. Land acquired The total existing plot area is 20 acres and out of these 5 acres of land will be used for proposed expansion.

3. Cost of the project Rs 31 Crore 4. Proposed facilities a) Raw material storage area which will be around 7 x 60 m

in dimension and will house the tanks for the following chemicals Formaldehyde Phenol


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Sr. No

Item DESCRIPTION

Crude Sulphate of Terpentine Local Turpentine Dipentene fraction of local turpentine Dipentene fraction of imported turpentine b) Finished material storage which will be around 7 x 60 m in dimension and will house the tanks for the following finished materials :-- Camphene DRT 5004 (Resin) DRT 4001 (Resin) Pure fraction of Turpentine c) The plant equipment housing area will be around 30 m x 46 m which will house the equipment’s from Ground Floor to the Third (10th floor)

5. Production capacities Sr.

No Name of the chemical

Existing capacity (MT/Month)

Proposed capacity (MT /Month)

1. Alphapinene (95%) N.A 200.00 2. Polyester Resin 125 100.00 3. Phenolic Resin 166.66 800.00 4. Alkyd Resin 25.00 300.00 5. Coating NIL 500.00 6. Rosin Easter 50 150.00 7. Maleic Modified

Resin 25 75.00

8. Phenolic Modified Resin

25 75.00

9. PVC chemicals NIL 500.00 10. Camphene 75 200.00 11. Dipentene 150 350.00 12. Ketonic Resin 25 100.00 13. Polyamide Resin 25 100.00

6. Air pollution control measures proposed

Dust collector with wet scrubber. State-of-the-art scrubbers will be installed for 10TPH boiler to limit the air pollution. Unloading areas will be provided with water sprinklers to prevent the fugitive dust. Fly ash will be stored in a silo. Fly ash will be given to Cement /brick manufacturers.

7 Power Requirement & Source

New Connected Load – 1645 KW New Maximum demand – 180 KVA MSED

8 Coal Requirement & Source

30 MT/Day Indonesian coal will be procured from the local vendor

10 Waste water The existing ETP consists of the following units :--


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Sr. No

Item DESCRIPTION

treatment Equalization tank. Flash mixer Primary clarifier Secondary clarifier Oil and Grease Trap Aeration tank Outlet tanks Sand filter Carbon filter The existing ETP will be revamped based on the aforesaid unit operations to cater to an effluent of 100 m3/day Kindly refer Annexure -1 for details. The final treated effluent will be sent to Patalaganga CETP.

11. Solid hazardous waste / Hazardous waste

Name of the hazardous waste

/solid waste

Quantity (MT) /

year

Disposal

Resin Residue 0.5 CHWTSDF of Trans Thane Creek Waste Management Association

ETP Sludge 2.05 CHWTSDF Trans Thane Creek Waste Management Association.

*Fly ash from the use of coal for 10TPH Boiler

285 Will be sent to cement manufacturers

* Bottom ash from the use of coal for 10 TPH Boiler


Copper based catalyst

3 CHWTSDF of Trans Thane Creek Waste Management Association.

Titanium based catalyst


Indion catalyst 0.5 CHWTSDF of Trans Thane Creek Waste Management Association.

Contaminated filter cloth

0.25 CHWTSDF of Trans Thane Creek Waste Management Association.

Discarded containers

500 nos Cleaned / washed & reused.

12. Green Belt Around 7.5 acres of green belt already exists out of existing 20.5 acres plot area.

13. Capital cost and recurring cost per

Capital cost :-- Rs. 50 lakhs Recurring cost per annum: -- Rs 24 lakhs.


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Sr. No

Item DESCRIPTION

annum for environmental protection measures

Table No. 2.1 Detailed project cost break up Sr. No.

Item Cost (in Rs lakhs)

1. Procurement of land around 5 acres around the existing plant in 2 phases

700

2. One no. 15 KL Isomerisation reactor with energy efficient agitator , limpet coil , condenser , column , instruments etc

50

3. One no. 15 KL Esterification reactor with energy efficient agitator , limpet coil , condenser , column , instruments etc

40

4. Eight nos. 15 KL S.S Resin reactors with energy efficient agitator , limpet coil condenser instrument etc.

400

5. Two nos 25 KL S.S resin reactors with energy efficient agaitator , limpet coil, condenser, instruments

150

6. Six nos. 50KL MS tanks for Resin & Dipentene 30 7. Six nos. 100 KL MS tanks for resin raw materials 60 8. One nos. 40 KL. M.S. tank for local turpentine 4 9. Two nos 30 KL. S.S tank with internal coil for Camphene 20

10. Six nos. 25 KL. MS intermediate tanks 18 11. Civil works including site development , road development 200 12. C-301 S.S column with condensers , re-boiler 100 13. C-401 S.S column with condensers , re-boiler 100 14. DCS expansion 50 15. Pelletiser (2 Nos.) 250 16. Process cooling Tower with pumps 15 17. Chilling plant (400 TR) 50 18. Chilled water pumps, cooling towers and cooling water pumps for

new chilling plant 10

19. One no 10 TPH coal fired boiler 228 20. Expansion of coal storage area 30 21 Eight nos 2 KL SS Day tank for resin reactors 10 22 Electrical control panel along with cable works 15 23 Structural works 200 24 Pipe line jobs , hook up of new system with existing system 30 25 Pilot plant SS 25 26 Air compressor (Atlas Copco GA 37+) 10 27 N2 compressor (Atlas Copco GA 37+) 10 28 Expansion of ETP 100 29. Relocation of laboratory 25


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30. Miscellaneous works 15 31. Centrifuge (48” , S-316) for sodium Phenoxyacetate 20 32. One no 15 KL S.S Resin Reactors with energy efficient agitator ,

limpet coil, condenser , instruments, etc. for sodium Phenoxyacetate

50

33. One no. fluidized Bed Dryer for SPA reactor 15

2.3. Need for the Project

As far as camphene is considered it is one of the stage for manufacturing camphor due

to growing demand of camphene for exports to Germany, Japan & USA hence the

expansion is being planned.

2.4. Project Location

The existing organic manufacturing plant site is located near to Pune Mumbai

Expressway. The approximate coordinates of the existing site are 18o 49' 34.76" N and

73o 15' 34.46" E. Salient features of the project presented in Table No. 2.2 and the

location of the site is shown in the index map given in Figure No. 2.1, project boundary

marked on Google Earth Image is attached in Figure No. 2.2and 10 km study area map is

shown in Figure No. 2.3.

Table No. 2.2: Salient Features of the Project Site Location Dujodwala Products Ltd, Kumbhivali Village, Khalapur Tehsil,

Raigad Dist. Maharashtra Area Total Area: 20.0 acres (Proposed expansion of the existing

organic chemicals manufacturing facility is 5 acres.)

Geographical Location Latitude: N 18°49’34.76.”

Longitude: E 73°15’34.46” Nearest Railway Station Khopoli – 9.8 Kms Nearest Airport Chhatrapati Shivaji – 52 Kms

Road Access Mumbai – Pune Expressway - can be accessed using district road of around 9 km.

Nearest Town Khalapur – 2.60 km from project site Religious / Historical Place

None

Archeological monuments None Reserved Forest None


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Figure No. 2.1 Index Map showing the location of the Project


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Figure No. 2.2 Plot Boundary Marked on Google Earth Image

2.5. Plant Layout

The layout for proposed expansion of the organic chemicals manufacturing unit shall be

developed to accommodate the proposed expansion. The layout of the proposed

expansion shall be compact. Master layout plan of Dujodwala Products Ltd., attached as

an Annexure No. 1.

2.6. Raw Material Requirement and Transport

The following raw materials are required is as given in Table No. 2.3 with the quantities


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Figure No. 2.3 Figure showing10 Km Radial Study Area


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34

Table No. 2.3 List of Raw Material & Quantities

Sr. No. Raw materials Quantity (MT) 1. Alpha Pinene 200 2. Phenol 100 3. Formaldehyde 100 4. Dipentene / Carene 85 5. TEG /PEG 100

The following raw materials will be imported yearly given in Table No. 2.4. Table No. 2.4 Imported Raw Materials Sr. No. Raw material Quantity (MT) Country(s)

1. Alpha pinene 5000 China, Indonesia, Brazil , Chile 2. Dipentene 300 China , New Zealand 3. Gum Turpentine Oil 3000 China, Indonesia, Brazil, Chile , Vietnam 4. Gum Rosin 600 China , Indonesia, Vietnam 5. PTBP 600 Russia, China 6. Hexamine 500 Saudi Arabia

2.6.1 Mode of Storage of Raw Materials

Raw material storage area which will be around 7 x 60 m in dimension and will house

the tanks for the following chemicals:-

Formaldehyde

Phenol

Crude Sulphate of Terpentine

Local Turpentine

Dipentene fraction of local turpentine

Dipentene fraction of imported turpentine

b) Finished material storage which will be around 7 x 60 m in dimension and will house

the tanks for the following finished materials:-

Camphene

DRT 5004 (Resin)

DRT 4001 (Resin)

Pure fraction of Turpentine


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c) The plant equipment housing area will be around 30 m x 46 m which will house the

equipment’s from Ground Floor to the Third (3rd floor)

2.6.2 Source of raw material(s) and mode of transport

The raw materials which will be various chemicals will be transported by trucks from

source to the factory site. The auxiliary fuel like High Speed Diesel (HSD) and Heavy

Fuel Oil (HFO) will be transported to the factory site by tankers. The Indonesian coal

will be purchased from the local vendor and brought to the factory site by covered

trucks.

2.6.3 Mode of transport of product

The products will be transported through trucks from the factory premises to the

destination.

2.6.4 Detail of Proposed Solvent Recovery System

Process Details: The solvents will be recover and reuse for the process. The fixed

volume of Spent solvent shall be charge into the reactor for recovery and heated, to

distil out collected in receiver. The residue left in the reactor shall be drained. The small

quantity of solid waste material (Tar Type material) may be float on top surface and

which will be taken out and collected in drums /containers. The washing effluent shall

be drain to E.T.P. for further treatment & the solid wastes are shall be dispose through

CHWTSDF.

Figure No. 2.4 Diagram of Solvent Recovery Process


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2.7. Process Details

The following products will be manufactured along with the capacities as tabulated

below

Sr. No. Name of the Chemical Proposed capacity (MT /month) 1. Alphapinene (95%) 200.00 2. Polyester Resin 100.00 3. Phenolic Resin 800.00 4. Alkyd Resin 300.00 5. Coating 500.00 6. Rosin Easter 150.00 7. Maleic Modified Resin 75.00 8. Phenolic Modified Resin 75.00 9. PVC chemicals 500.00

10. Camphene 200.00 11. Dipentene 350.00 12. Ketonic Resin 100.00 13. Polyamide Resin 100.00

Brief Process Description of Manufacture of Camphor

The process of manufacture of Camphor involves the following steps:

Turpentine Oil distillation

Isomerisation

Esterification

Saponification

Dehydrogenation

Turpentine Oil distillation: Turpentine oil is subjected to distillation for continuous

separation of Alpha-Pinene from the rest of its constituents. Alpha Pinene is obtained as

distillate which is stored in storage tanks. Bottom product from this column is distilled

in another column for recovery of Carene as distillate and bottoms are collected as

Dipentene Residue that is stored in a storage tank.

Isomerisation : Distilled Alpha –Pinene is subjected to isomerization in reactor which

gets converted in the presence of TiO2 as catalyst into different isomers namely

Tricyclene and Camphene along with Terpene intermediates under controlled

temperature conditions. The crude Tricyclene and camphene (T + C) formed is stored in

storage tanks. Crude T + C are then distilled to get purified T + C. The bottoms from the


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distillation column are further distilled in a different column to recover Dipentene

which is sent to storage as byproduct. Bottoms from this Dipentene recovery column

are collected as Dipentene which is sent to storage.

Figure No. 2.5 Products of α - pinene conversion

Esterification: Tricyclene + Camphene (T+C) are subjected to Esterification in reactor.

Slow addition is carried out in Esterification reactor, which is reacted with Acetic acid in

the presence of Resin catalyst to form crude Iso –Bornyl Acetate. Acetic acid is

recovered from crude Iso-Bornyl Acetate in a distillate column and collected in a

storage tank. Crude Iso-Bornyl Acetate containing T +C is then recovered in a separate

column to produce pure Iso- Bornyl Acetate (IBA), which is sent to storage. Recovered

T+C are sent to storage.

Saponification: Pure Iso - Bornyl Acetate is then subjected to hydrolysis by reacting with

caustic soda in reactor to form Iso-Borneol and Sodium Acetate Lye. Sodium acetate lye is

separated from organics which is used for producing Sodium Acetate Trihydrate in a

separate plant, IsoBorneol (IBO) is transferred to dehydrogenation reactor.

Dehydrogenation: IBO is then subjected to dehydrogenation in reactor in the presence

of CuO catalyst in which reaction hydrogen is liberated forming crude camphor. Xylene


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is added as a solvent. Xylene is recovered from crude camphor in a distillation column.

A low boiler along with T+ C present in camphor oil is then separated in another

column. Crude camphor is then distilled in another column to get pure camphor which

is flaked in a flaker and packed in bags. Residue collected from the bottom of this

column is subjected to reclamation for recovering camphor.

Manufacture of Sodium Acetate Tri Hydrate

Sodium acetate lye received from camphor plant is collected in a reactor and

neutralized. Neutralized lye is subjected to carbon treatment. After carbon treatment

lye is heated in an evaporator to evaporate water and subsequently to obtain a requisite

specific gravity. The resultant lye is charged into crystallizer for crystallization. In

crystallizer Sodium Acetate lye is cooled slowly to obtain crystals. The wet crystals are

further centrifuged to remove mother liquor. The resultant crystals obtained is Sodium

Acetate Trihydrate which is packed in bags.

P.F Resin Powder Procedure: Hydrated liquid phenol, formaldehyde (37%) and oxalic

acid charged into the reactor and stirred well to mix. pH of the mixture is 1-1.2. Slow

heating is applied just to reach temperature upto 60-650C and then the heating is

stopped. The reflux temperature is allowed to reach 100 to 1050C by itself. As the

reaction is exothermic in nature, cooling is applied to control the vigorous reaction to

proceed smoothly under reflux.

The reaction is continued under reflux for about 4 hours till F.F.C is below 1%. Again

the heating is started and distillation of water is continued till the temperature of resin

reaches upto 1600C. The vacuum is applied to remove the unreacted phenol from the

reaction mixture and get the required properties as per customer. Then the resin is

discharged into the shallow trays , allowed to cool naturally , removed from trays ;

mixed with the required quantity of hexamine , fed into the ACM mill for fine grinding.

The resin is then transferred to ribbon blender; blended well and packed into bags.

Alkyl Phenolic Resin Procedure: PTBP formaldehyde (37%), Toluene and caustic lye

charged into the reactor. It is stirred well to mix. The pH of the mixture is 8- 8.5. Slow

heating is applied just to reach temperature up to 50 -550C and then the heating is


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stopped. The reflux temperature is allowed to reach up to 85-900C by itself. As the

reaction is exothermic in nature, cooling is applied to control the vigorous reaction to

smoothen under reflux. The vaccum cooling is applied up to 700C and then acid and

toluene is added. The temperature is adjusted to 70 – 750C; mixed for 30 minutes and

the agitator is stopped. The reaction water is removed from bottom valve of the reactor.

About 1000 kg of water is added temperature adjusted to 70 -750C. The mixture is

mixed for 30 minutes and then the agitator is stopped. The pH is checked whether it is

in the range of 2.4 – 2.6. The first wash water is removed from bottom valve of the

reactor and the pH is checked whether it is in the range of 2.6 -2.9. The distillation is

started by applying heat up to 1200C. The vacuum is applied to remove the un-reacted

phenol from the reaction mixture and the desired properties are obtained as per the

customer. The resin is then discharged into the shallow trays, allowed to cool naturally

and removed from the tray and packed in the bags with net weight of 25 kgs and sealed

Alkyl Phenolic Resins Process Flow Chart

PTBP/POP, Formaldhyde (37 %) O.5 N Caustic Solution

Keep under reflux for reaction for 1 Hrs

Add 0.5 N Sulphuric Acid Solution for Neutralisation

Add Toulene for Dissolution

Decant out water from bottom layer

Add oxalic acid and start distillation

Alkyl Phenolic resins and Toulene (Recycle)

Drain Resins in tray, cool and crack and packed in bags

Heating up to 1200C


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P.F. Resin Liquid Procedure: Hydrated Liquid phenol, formaldehyde (37%) and oxalic

acid are charged into the reactor; stirred well to mix and the pH is maintained to 1-

2.The slow heating is applied just to reach the temperature up to 60 – 650C. Then the

heating is stopped. The reflux temperature is allowed to reach up to 100 – 1050C by

itself. As the reaction is exothermic in nature, cooling is applied to control the vigorous

reaction to smoothen under reflux. The reaction is continued under reflux for about

4hours till F.F.C is below 1%. The heating is started again and distillation of water

continued till temperature of the resin reaches upto 1600C. The vacuum is applied to

remove the un-reacted phenol from the reaction mixture and required properties are

obtained as per the customer. The solvent addition is started to get the required

viscosity and solid content along with cooling. The final product is then cooled to room

temperature and filled in the M.S drum with 200 kg net weight with proper labeling.

Terpene Phenolic Resin Procedure: Hydrated phenol and toluene are charged and

heating started to remove the water. The cooling is done up to 250C. Then BF3 acetate

is added. The isotherm is checked externally by addition of dipentene is lab. The

addition of Dipentene is started under chilling to avoid the raising of temperature above

400C. The reaction is continued for 6 hours @ 55 -600C. The washing is started to get

the required acid value less than 1. The distillation is started and steaming is applied

with vacuum till required softening point is obtained. The required resin is discharged

into the shallow trays, allowed to cool naturally, removed from the tray. Then the resin

is filled into bags with net weight of 25 kg with proper labeling and sealed.

Resin Derivative Procedure (Easter gum) : The rosin is charged into the reactor and

melted to 1700C in presence of nitrogen gas. The agitator is started and glycerol /

penta, catalyst (anthraquinone and antioxidant) added. The temperature is gradually

raised to 2650C in 3-4 hours and held there till required properties (Acid value and

softening point) attained. The BHT is added when temperature reached to 2500C. The

TPP is added @ 2600C and maintained for 1 hour. The live steam sparged into the mass

for 2 hours keeping heating off. The resins is then discharged into the shallow trays and

allowed to cool naturally, removed from the tray. The resin is filled into the bag with net

weight 25 kg with proper labeling and sealed.


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Rosin derivative procedure (Maleic resins) : The rosin charged into the reactor and

melted to 1700C in presence of nitrogen gas. The agitator is started and cooled to

1500C. The maleic is added in 1 hour’s duration. The temperature is gradually raised to

2000C and maintained for one hour for completion of adducts. The glycerol / pentais

added in 1-2 hours duration. The temperature is gradually raised to 2700C (maintained

at 265-2700C) till the required properties are attained. The temperature is cooled to

2500C and discharged into the shallow trays to cool naturally and then removed from

the tray and then filled into the bags with net weight 25 kg with proper labeling and

seal.

Rosin Derivative Procedure (Phenolic resins) : The rosin is charged into the reactor

and melted to 1700C in presence of nitrogen gas. The agitator is started and cooled to

1500C and then Bisphenol is added in 30 minutes duration and allowed to mix well for

60 minutes and magnesium oxide is added. The para-formaldehyde is added at 1350C

in about 2 hours and allow to mix for one hour. The temperature is gradually raised to

1700C and maintained for 2 hours for completion of reaction. The temperature is

gradually raised to 2000C and add glycerol / penta is added in one hour. The

temperature is raised to 2700C in 4 hours and TPP is added when temperature reaches

to 2500C. The reaction is continued at 2700C till the required properties are attained.

The resin is cooled to 2500C and discharged into the shallow trays, allowed to cool

naturally and removed from the tray. The resin is then filled in bags of net weight 25 kg

and labeled and sealed properly.

Rosin Derivative Procedure (Zinc –Calcium rosinate) : The rosin is melted to 2000C

in presence of Nitrogen gas and agitator started. The temperature is raised to 245 –

2500C. Zinc oxide and calcium hydroxide is added slowly and temperature is

maintained to 245-2500C in about 3 -4 hours. After that the temperature is raised to

255 - 2600C and maintained till properties attained. The resin is allowed to cool to 245

-2500C and discharged in tray. The resin is cracked and filled into bag with net weight

25 kg with proper labeling & seal.

P.F Resin Liquid Procedure : Hydrated liquid phenol, formaldehyde (37%), Cardinol,

CNSL, and oxalic acid and charged into reactor. It is stirred well to ensure proper


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mixing. The pH of the mixture is maintained at 1 -1.2. The slow heating is applied till the

temperature is just reaches to 60-650C, then the heating is stopped. The reflux

temperature is allowed to reach 100 -1050C by itself. As the reaction is exothermic in

nature, the cooling is applied to control the vigorous reaction to smoothen under reflux.

The reaction is continued under reflux for about 4 hours till F.F.C is below 1%. The

heating is started again and the distillation of water continued till temperature of the

resin reached up to 1600C. The vacuum is applied to remove the unreacted phenol from

the reaction mixture and the required properties are obtained as per the customer. The

solvent is added to get the required viscosity and solid content along with cooling. The

resin is then cooled to room temperature, filled in MS drum with 200 kg net weight with

proper labeling.

Polyamide Resin : The Dimer acid and SOFA are charged into the reactor and EDA is

added and stirred. The temperature is raised slowly to 1300C and held for 45 – 60

minutes. The mixture is further is heated to 190 – 1950C and BHT is added and held for

30 minutes. The temperature is raised to 220 -2250C and held till the required

properties are obtained. The resin is discharged into shallow trays, allowed to cool

naturally and removed from tray. The resin is cracked and filled into the bag with net

weight 25 kg with proper labeling and sealed.

Polyamide Resin Process Flow Chart

Dimer Acid, SOFA and EDA and Start Agitator

Held Till To Get Required Properties

Polymide Resins

Drain Resins In Tray,Cool And Crack And Packed In Bags


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Ketonic Resin: Cyclo-hexanone, formaldehyde, para- formaldehyde and BHT are

charged and the agitator is started. The caustic soda is added slowly in 3 -4 hours

duration and the temperature maintained to 55 -600C by applying cooling as and when

required. The temperature is raised to 80- 850C and maintained to 2 hours for

completion of reaction. The reaction mass is allowed to settle for 30 -40 minutes and

aqueous layer sucked off from the top. The washing continued with fresh water till pH

of about 6.0 – 6.5 attained. The final distillation is started in presence of inert gas till the

temperature reaches to 130 -1350C. The vacuum is applied and temperature is raised to

1400C for 1.5 -2.0 hours. When the required properties are attained the material is

discharged in shallow trays.

Ketonic Resins Process Flow Chart

Paper sizing chemicals: The rosin is melted to 175 – 1800C and the agitator is started

and nitrogen purged. Maleic anhydride is added and temperature raised to 2000C and

maintained for 2 hours for completion reaction. The reaction mass is cooled to 140 -

1450C and caustic soda solution (25%) added gradually in 1 – 1.5 hours. The dilution

with water is done in 2 hours. Add STPP, salt, urea and stabilizers. The properties like

viscosity and solid content adjusted and discharged through filter to storage tank.

CycloHexanone and Formaldhyde

Add slowly Caustic Soda Soln

Continue reaction for 45 min and maintain temp by applying

cooling

Distillation up to 1300 C

Ketoniuc resins and low boiling oil (recycle)

Drain resins in tray, cool and crack and packed in bags

50-600C


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Paper Sizing Agent Process Flow Chart

Add 25% caustic soda solution

Polyester Resin: Glycol, DEG, MEG Pthalic anhydride and maleic anhydride are charged

into reactor. The nitrogen gas is added and agitator started. The heating is started to

reach 170 – 1750C and held for some time or distillation to start. The gradual heating is

started to reach 210 – 2150C. The reaction temperature is maintained till a required

property (acid value) is attained. The vacuum is applied till the final properties are

attained. The reaction mixture is cooled to 175 – 180 0C, add Hydroquinone (catalyst)

and discharged into the blender where mixture is mixed with Styrene. The viscosity and

acid value etc is adjusted and then the resin is stored in storage tank.

Polyster Resin Process Flow Chart

Gum Rosin And Maleic anhydride

Rosin maleic adduct

Sodium salt of maleiopemric acid

Paper seizing agent solution

Add S.T.P.P Salt and urea adjust solid content, viscosity and add

stablizer

50% aq. Solution of paper size agent packed in drum

@ up to 2000C

Add dilution water

Glycol,M/A,P/A added

Held till to get required propertied

Resin diluted with styrene

Unsaturated Polyster resin (GP)

Heat up to 225-2300C


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Alkyed Resin: The vegetable oil is charged with nitrogen gas and the agitator started.

The Glycerine and Penta is added. The temperature is raised to 2500C, the catalyst is

added and maintained for about 2 hours to get alcohol tolerance 1:3. The reaction mass

is cooled to 2300C and balance glycerine / penta and phtalic is added. The temperature

is raised to 2600C and maintained till required properties achieved. Then the reaction

mass is cooled to 1700C and mixed with MTO for making solution (50- 55%). The final

product is cooled to room temperature and stored in storage tank.

Manufacturing of PVC compounds: PVC Resin is used as main basic Raw Materials. It

gives desired properties i.e. (Flexibility, Resistance to Thermal degradation, Flame

retardancy by compounding the base PVC Resin with a variety of Additives – Plasticizers,

Heat Stabilizers and Flame retardants at an elevated temperature. Although each

individual PVC Compounder uses its own property mix of additives, they all employ a

similar PVC compounding process.

PVC compounds are prepared in a batch process using blenders that allow precise

temperature control the compounding process involves high intensity blending of PVC

Resin and additives to form a dry blend powder which is then compounded using

compounding equipment such as Farrell continuous Mixer, a buss kneader or twin

screw and other machines. The compounded Mixture is then pelletized. The pellets are

Spherical or Cylindrical with diameters averaging 1 to 5 mm.


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46

Figure No. 2.6 Process Flow Chart for Camphor Manufacturing

T.O.Distillatio

n

Isomerisation

Reactor

Esterification

Reactor

Saponificatio

n Reactor

Distillation

column

Cr.Camphene

Distillation

Acetic acid

Column

Camphene

&DipenteneSeperation Column

Flaker

Campho

Column

Camphor Oil

Column

Xylene

Recovery

Column

Dehydrogenat

ion Reactor

Saponification

Reactor

IBA Flash

Column IsoBorneol+Xylene

Xylene to be recycled

Camphor oil

Cmprreclaimation

camphor

Camphor flakes

Cr.

camph

or

Sod Acetate

Water vapour

Xylen

e

Acetic acid

to be

recycled

X-Pinene

Longifonene to storDipentene to

store

Acetic Acid

Pure

Camphene

Resin Pure IBA Caustic lye

Methan

ol


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47

2.8. Basic Requirement Of The Project

2.8.1 Land

The total land requirement of the proposed expansion of the existing organic chemical

manufacturing facility is 5 acres. The total existing plot area is 20 acres. The proposed

expansion of the organic chemical manufacturing facility is within the existing premises,

which is already in possession of Dujodwala Products Ltd and this area does not come

under CRZ.

2.8.2 Water Requirement

Water required for existing organic chemicals manufacturing facility is 146m3/day and for

proposed water requirement is 66 m3/day.

2.8.3 Water Balance

The water balance for Existing and proposed unit is given in Table 2.5 and Table No. 2.6

Table No. 2.5 Water Balance for Existing Chemical Unit

Sr. No

Water usage Water requirement

Losses /evaporation

Effluent generation

1. Domestic 15 3 12 2. Industrial use 25 7 18 3. Cooling 86 73 13 4. Boiler 20 2 18 Total 146 85 61

Note: - All figures in m3/day

Table No. 2.6 Water Balance for proposed Chemical Unit

Sr. No.

Water usage Water

requirement Losses

/evaporation Effluent

generation

1. Domestic 2 0.3 1.7 2. Industrial use 04 1 3 3. Cooling 40 34 6 4. Boiler 20 3 17

Total 66 38.3 27.7

All figures in m3/day


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The additional water required will be made available from Patalganga River. Irrigation

Department, Govt. of Maharashtra has already obtained permission for the same. The

permission has been attached in Annexure No. 2.

2.8.4 Power Requirements

The permission of H.T power supply for additional load has already been sanctioned by

Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd as per the following details :-

a) New connected load :-- 1645 KW & b) New maximum demand: -- 180 KVA.

The same permission has been attached as Annexure No.3

2.8.5 Man Power

Proposed staff requirement is about 20 nos, proposed worker is 10 and proposed staff is 10 nos.

2.9. Utilities

2.9.1 Effluent Generation: The current effluent generation is about 62 m3/day and for the

proposed expansion will be 24.6 m3/day. The current effluent generation and effluent

resulting from the proposed expansion is given in Table No. 2.7 &Table No. 2.8

respectively.

Table No. 2.7 Current Effluent Generation

Sr. No Item Quantity (m3/day) 1. Domestic 13

2. Industrial 49 Total 62

Table No. 2.8 Proposed Effluent Generation

Sr. No Item Quantity (m3/day) 1. Domestic 1.6 2. Industrial 23 Total 24.6


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2.9.2 Solid Waste Generation and Mode of Disposal

The existing and proposed solid wastes generated quantity and disposal is given in Table No. 2.9.

Table No. 2.9 Solid Wastes Generated Quantity and Mode of Disposal

* Proposed solid waste Fly ash from the use of coal for 10TPH Boiler shall be given to the cement manufacturers.

The hazardous waste would be sent to CHWTSDF of Trans Thane Creek Waste

Management Association.

2.10. Existing Environmental Compliance

Existing unit became operational in 1990s; and hence was not covered under EIA

notification 1994. The plant is operational based on Consent to Operate is granted by MPCB

and is valid up to 31.07.2015 Consent Number: No,Bo/RO- RD/P]I- /1586-10/R/CC-88

Date 26.08.2010 For details refer Annexure No. 12

The environmental monitoring is regularly carried out and annual environmental

statement is duly submitted to MPCB as compliance. (ref. Annex. 13)

The proposed expansion, (which has now attracted obligations of EIA notification 2006)

have been granted consent to establish in December 2011. Consent Number: MPCBHQ/AS

(T)/Raigad/Establish (expansion)/CC 74 Date:13/12/2011. For details refer Annexure 11.

Also it is to be noted that existing plant is operational smoothly without any

complaint/notices related to environmental concerns from various stakeholders/MPCB.

Name of the hazardous waste Quantity

(MT) / year Disposal

Resin Residue 0.5 CHWTSDF ETP Sludge 2.05 CHWTSDF *Fly ash from the use of coal for 10TPH Boiler 285 Will be sent to cement

manufacturers * Bottom ash from the use of coal for 10 TPH Boiler 51 Copper based catalyst 3 CHWTSDF Titanium based catalyst 1 CHWTSDF Indion catalyst 0.5 CHWTSDF Contaminated filter cloth 0.25 CHWTSDF Discarded containers 500 nos Cleaned / washed & reused.


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CHAPTER 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE

ENVIRONMENT

Any developmental activity may cause some environmental impacts on the surrounding

environment. In order to know the cumulative impacts due to the proposed site on the

surrounding environment, it is very important to know the baseline environmental status

in the study area. This section provides the background information about the study area

with an overall description of environmental baseline of the area where the proposed site

would take place. Various baseline environmental parameters, with each respective

inference, as per the Table No. 3.1 were monitored as primary data and the secondary data

was collected for the analysis.

3.1 Study Area

The project site lies at Village - Kumbhivali in Taluk -Khalapur, District Raigad and State

Maharashtra. The total land requirement of the proposed expansion of the existing organic

chemicals manufacturing facility is 5 acres and total existing plot area is 20 acres.

Table No. 3.1 Baseline Environmental Parameters

Parameter Inference

Micro-meteorological

studies

To assess the air pollution impacts on the neighboring environment.

Air quality data To assess the baseline air quality status prior to the commencement of

the project. Predicted concentrations will be superimposed on the

baseline values to know the overall baseline scenario during the

operational phase.

Water quality and

soil quality in the

study area

Even though the proposed site does not generate any wastewater from

the process, it is proposed to identify the baseline water quality for

future reference.

Ecological

environment

Baseline ecological data was collected to identify any presence of

endangered species and the impact due to proposed site.

Land use and land To identify land cover and land use pattern in the study area. This forms


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Parameter Inference

cover data the actual baseline data in the study area. The same was compared with

Survey of India Toposheet 47F/1, 47 F/2, 47 F/5, 47 F/6.

Socio economic and

demographic data

Relevant secondary data has been collected from various sources to

know the baseline socioeconomic status in the study area.

The baseline environmental status is important to understand region's existing physical,

biological, cultural and social environmental characteristics. Information and data

presented in this section is based on primary surveys and environmental quality

monitoring, secondary data collected from various departments and prior studies

undertaken by MITCON on the subject. The information on the baseline environmental

conditions forms the basis to analyze the probable impacts of the proposed activities.

3.2 Methodology of Conducting Baseline Study

The guiding factors for the present baseline study are the MoEF’s requirements for the

Environmental Impact Assessment notification and local regulations and directives.

The primary study area for the proposed development is within a radius of 5 km from the

center of the development site since most of the potential impacts are most likely to occur

within this area. Further, a buffer area extending to 10 km radii from the site has also been

studied, though with a lesser degree of detail. The baseline study and primary data were

collected based on observation and measurements made during the field survey carried out

in the post monsoon (Oct) and winter season (Nov, Dec) 2012.

Studies were conducted by considering the following:

The various environmental attributes were divided into primary and secondary

studies. Primary attributes such as air environment, water, soil, biological

environment were assessed by conducting field studies, on-site monitoring;


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Secondary attributes such as land use studies, geology, physiological characteristics,

and socio-economic environment have been assessed by literature review of

previous studies conducted by various government publications.

The scoping and the extent of data generation were formulated with interdisciplinary team

discussions, criteria questions and professional judgment. The baseline studies started with

site visits and reconnaissance survey in the study area for fixing the monitoring locations for

the primary data. As a secondary data source, various government agencies were

approached for getting information and relevant data.

3.3 Physical Environment

3.3.1 Site Surrounding and Geography

Proposed expansion of organic manufacturing plant of Dujodwala Product ltd. Located at

Kumbhivali, Khalapur, Raigad, which lies at 18o 49' 34.76" N latitude and 73o 15' 34.46"

Elongitude.

The existing organic manufacturing plant site is located adjacent to Pune Mumbai

Expressway. The nearest railway station is Khopoli located at 9.80 kms (aerial distance)

from the project site. The nearest airport is Chhatrapati Shivaji Airport at 52 kms from the

project site.

The proposed site is nearby from Patalganga River (2.75 km). The surrounding of Project

site is as follows.

3.3.2 Geomorphology and Soil Types

Soil types and Geomorphology within Raigad district: Soil Types and Geomorphology

within the Raigad district given below

The district has three physiographic divisions i.e.


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Coastal zone in west covers about 20% percent of the district

Central zone covers about 1/3rd of the district, consisting of fertile land in low lying

area

Hilly zone in the eastern part highly

uneven in altitude and covered with

forest

This hill range is characterized by

ruggedness and uneven topography, with

crestline of peaks and saddles forming the

eastern horizon. Ulhas, Panvel and

Patalganga are the three main rivers in

northern part. Kundalika River is the main

river in central part whereas in the southern

part Savitri River is the main river. The soils

in the district are formed from the Deccan

Trap which is predominating rock formation

with small out crops of Laterite at a few

places in the Poladpur taluka and Matheran hill. The soils are grouped as Forest, Varkas,

Rice, Khar or Saline, Coastal Alluvium and Laterite as per the location and topographical

situation.

A) Ground Water Scenario

Hydrogeology

Formation and intruded by a number of dykes. The western part of the district consisting

Basalt flows are altered to Laterite. Recent deposits comprising Beach Sand and Alluvium

occur along the coast and in the river mouth; however they do not form potential aquifer. A

map depicting the hydro-geological features is shown as Figure No. 3.1.

Figure No. 3.1 Hydrogeology of the Pune District


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Soft Rock (Alluvium)

The Alluvial deposits are found along the coastal areas in few isolated patches having

limited areal extent as Beach Sand and along the course of major rivers. In the alluvial

deposits, primary porosity is due to the inter-granular pores paces making sands and

gravels good water bearing formations. The groundwater occurs under phreatic

/unconfined aquifer at relatively shallow depths of 3-5m and their yield ranges from about

18 to 43 m3/hr.

B) Water Level Scenario

Central Ground Water Board periodically monitors 28 National Hydrograph Network

Stations (NHNS) in Raigarh district, four times a year i.e. January, May, August and

November.

Depth to Water Level – Pre monsoon (May 2007)

The depth to water levels in the district during May 2007 ranges between 0.55 m bgl

(Nagothan) and 8.60 m bgl (Chinchwad). Depth to water levels during pre-monsoon (May

2007) has been depicted in Figure No. 3.2 Shallow water levels i.e., less than 2 m bgl are

seen in the central part of the district. The water levels 5 to 10 m bgl are seen in the

southern part of the district i.e. around Poladpur and Mahad and also as scattered patches

across the district. In the major part of the district water level ranges from 2 to 5 m bgl.

Depth of water level May 2007 is shown in Figure No. 3.2.


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Figure No 3.2 Depth to water level (May 2007)

Depth to Water Level – Post monsoon (Nov. – 2007)

The depth to water levels during post monsoon (Nov. 2007) ranges between0.30 m bgl

(Kargaon) to 3.28 m bgl (Khalapur). Spatial variation in post monsoon depth to water

levels is shown in Figure–4. Shallow water levels of less than 2.0m bgl are seen in major

part of the district whereas water levels of 2 to 5 m bgl are seen as patches in north

western part and along the eastern periphery of the district around Khalapur, Karjat and

Poladpur in southern part of the district. The water levels of 5 to 10 m bgl are restricted

around south eastern part of the district. Depth to water level (November 2007) is shown

in Figure No. 3.3.


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Figure No. 3.3 Depth to water level (November 2007)

Seasonal Water Level Fluctuation (May to Nov. 2007)

The fluctuation between May and Nov, 2007 water levels in the district range from 0.25

(Indapur) to 7.98 m (Chinchwad). In the major part of the district the fluctuation range is

less than 2.0 m. The higher fluctuation of more than 2 mis observed in southern part i.e.

around Mahad, Poladpur and as scattered patches around. Karjat, Chinchwad, Khutal and

Chandora. The negative fluctuation i.e., fall in post monsoon period has been observed in

the range of 0.12 (Jite and Pali) to 0.18 m (Khalapur) in central part of the probably due to

supplement well irrigation to paddy crop.

Water Level Trend (1998-2007)

Trend of water levels for pre monsoon and post monsoon periods for last ten year (1998 –

2007) have been computed for 28 NHNS. Analysis of trend indicated that during pre-

monsoon period, rise in water level has been recorded at 12 stations and it ranges between


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negligible (Phugaon) and 0.35 m/year (Veshwi). Fall in water levels has been observed at

16 stations and it ranges between negligible (Neral) and 0.48 m/year (Dapoli). During post

monsoon period, rise in water levels is observed at only 6 stations and it ranges from

negligible (Saigaon Govalwadi) to 0.12 m/year (Neral), whereas the fall is observed at

22stations and it ranges from negligible (Nagothan) to 0.14 m/year (Indapur). Thus in

major parts of the district decline in water levels both during pre-monsoon and post

monsoon was observed.

The spatial distribution of pre monsoon and post monsoon water level trends is presented

in Figure No.5. The perusal of Figure No. 5 shows that during both the periods’ major part

of the district shows declining water level trend in the range of0 to 0.20 m/year. During

pre-monsoon rising water level trend is observed in patches in north central part in parts

of Uran, Khalapur and Pen talukas; in central part in major part of Murud taluka; and in

southern part of the district in parts of Mhasala and Shrivardhan and almost entire

Poladpur and Mahad talukas, whereas in post monsoon period rising trend is further

reduced/restricted to central part around Pen taluka and in northern part around Karjat

talukas. Pre monsoon (L) and Post-monsoon (R) Water Level trend (May & Nov. 1998-

2007) is shown in figure no. 3.4

Figure No. 3.4 Pre-monsoon (L) and Post-mansoon (R) Water Level trend (May & Nov. 1998 – 2007


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C) Yields of Dug wells and Bore wells

The yields of the wells are the functions of the permeability and transmisivity of aquifer

encountered. This varies with location, diameter and depth of wells. There are mainly two

types of ground water structures in the district i.e., dug wells and bore wells. Yield of dug

wells in Basalt varies according to the nature of formations tapped. The yield of dug wells

in phreatic aquifer ranges from 45 to 60 m3/day and pumping rarely exceeds 2 to 3 hours.

As per the exploration data of CGWB, the discharge of the exploratory wells was found in

the range of traces to 29.14 lps. Bore wells drilled by GSDA down to the depth of90 m

tapping weathered and vesicular basalt are found to yield 0.5 to > 20 m3/hr, however most

of the bore wells yield up to 5 m3/hr. In the Alluvial area of coastal tract dug wells are

capable of yielding 18 to 43 m3/hr for 2 to 5

m drawdown for two to four hours/day.

D) Ground Water Resources

Central Ground Water Board and Ground

Water Survey and Development Agency

(GSDA) have jointly estimated the ground

water resources of Raigad district based on

GEC–97 methodology. Taluka wise ground

water resources are shown in Figure No.

3.5.

Ground water assessment is done for an

area of 3747 sq. km of which152.94 sq. km

area is under command and 3594.65 sq. km

area is under non–command. As per the

estimation the total annual ground water

recharge is159.83 MCM with the natural

discharge of 8.16 MCM, thus the net annual Figure No. 3.5 Talukawise Ground Water Resources in Raigad


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groundwater availability comes to be 151.67 MCM. The gross draft for all uses is estimated

of 70.01 MCM with irrigation sector being the major consumer having a draft of 53.87

MCM, whereas the domestic and industrial draft is to the tune of16.13 MCM. The net

ground water availability for future irrigation is estimated to be 66.28 MCM, whereas the

allocation for domestic and industrial supply up to next 25 years is 31.51 MCM. Stage of

ground water development varies from26.25% (Mangaon) to 76.79% (Mhasala). The

overall stage of ground water development for the district is 46.16%. All the 14 talukas and

17 watersheds of the district fall in “Safe” category.

E) Status of Ground Water Development

Ground water development depends on many factors viz., availability, crop water

requirement, socio-economic fabric and on the yield of the aquifers existing in that area.

Ground water in the district is predominantly used for irrigation as it is the major ground

water utilizing sector. The ground water development in the district is mostly through dug

wells. The minor irrigation census data of 2000-01indicates that the area irrigated by

ground water is about 18 sq.km., whereas surface water accounts for about 87 sq. km. of

the area and the net irrigated are a stand at 105 sq. km. Thus it is clear that surface water is

the major source of irrigation as it accounts for 83% of the net irrigated area. There are

about 4598dugwells in use in the district which create an irrigation potential of 18 sq. km.

out of which almost entire irrigation potential of 17.73 sq. km. is utilized, whereas

475borewells create irrigation potential of about 4 sq. km. and entire irrigation potential is

utilized.

3.4 Air Environment

Air quality is represented generally in terms of concentration of Particulate Matter (PM10 &

PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen. A wide variety of sources contribute

particulate matter in ambient air. Some of them are construction activities, vehicular

emissions, industrial process emissions, dust storms etc.


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The baseline studies for air environment covers reconnaissance, identification of specific

air pollutants due to proposed project and assessing their existing levels in ambient air

within study area. Micrometeorology data at and around project site during study period is

also an essential requirement for proper interpretation of baseline environmental status.

The baseline status within the study area of 10 Km radial distance from the site of

proposed project has been studied. Details of the location features are given in Table No.

3.2.

Table No. 3.2 Location Features of the Site

No. Particulars Details 1 Site Address Dujodwala Products Ltd. At kumbhivali,

Khalapur, Dist: Raigad 2 Site Coordinates Latitude: N 18°49’34.76.”

Longitude: E 73°15’34.46” 3 No. of Villages in 10Km Study Area 28 4 Nearest IMD Station No (Nearest IMD is Bhira 43.24 Km away from

the project Site) 5 Nearest town Khalapur - 2.60 km 6 Nearest Railway Line Khopoli–9.80 Km 7 Access by Sea No 8 Access by Air No 9 Approach to site by Road Mumbai – Pune expressway - 0.30 km

10 Religious Place/ Historical Place Mahad temple 4.77 Km 11 Archeological monuments No 12 Reserved Forest / Ecological

Sensitive area No

3.5 Micro Meteorology

3.5.1 Data from Secondary Source

The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observations is as per the standard

norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (IS: 8829) and Indian Meteorological

Department (IMD). On-site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological

parameters generate the site specific data. The generated data is then compared with the

meteorological data available with IMD Bhira.


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The Central Meteorological Station (CMS) equipped with continuous monitoring equipment

was set up at the plant site to collect the primary data such as wind speed, direction,

relative humidity and temperature. Cloud cover is recorded by visual observations. Rainfall

was monitored by rain gauge. Hourly average, maximum, and minimum values of wind

speed, direction, relative humidity, and temperature were recorded continuously at the

site. The station was in operation for three months from 1st October 2012 to 31st December

2012.

Table No. 3.3 Meteorological Parameters Monitored At Site

Sr. No Parameters Instruments Frequency

1. Wind speed Counter Cup Anemometer Hourly /Continuous

2. Wind direction Wind vane Hourly /Continuous 3. Temperature Thermo sensor Hourly /Continuous 4. Relative humidity Thermo –hydro sensor Hourly /Continuous

Climatological Data – IMD Bhira : The meteorological data has been taken from the

Climatological tables of IMD 1951- 1980. The wind direction of October to December is

given below in Table No. 3.4.

Table No. 3.4 Wind direction from October to December

Sr. No.

Month Time Wind direction (Percentage frequency)

Calm N NE E SE S SW W NW

1. October 8.30 am 3 6 9 5 1 2 2 2 70 17.30 pm 0 2 2 7 6 15 6 2 60

2. November

8.30 am 2 11 16 9 1 2 1 2 56 17.30 pm 0 1 2 14 5 8 1 1 64

3. December 8.30 am 4 13 12 9 1 2 2 3 54 17.30 pm 0 2 7 13 6 5 2 1 64

The Table 3.4 reflects that the predominant wind direction is South East to North West. The

wind speed from the month of October to November is given below in Table 3.4 (A) on next

page.


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Table No. 3.4 (A) Wind speed from October to December

Sr. No.

Month Time No of days with wind speed

62 or more (kmph) 20-61 kmph 1-19 kmph 0 kmph

1.

October 8.30 am 0 0 9 22 17.30 pm 0 0 13 18

2. November 8.30 am 0 1 13 16 17.30 pm 0 0 10 20

3. December 8.30 am 0 1 14 16 17.30 pm 0 0 11 20

The most predominant wind speed category is 1-19 kmph. The mean wind speed for the

months of October November and December is 11 kmph, 11.5 kmph and 12.5 kmph

respectively.

The temperature data for the month of October, November and December is given below

Table No. 3.4 (B) Temperature data for the months of October to December

Sr. No.

Month Daily

max. (0C) Daily min.

(0C) Highest in the

month (0C) Lowest in

the month (0C) 1. October 33.8 21.2 37.1 17.9 2. November 34.2 18.6 36.9 14.7 3. December 33.2 16.7 36.0 12.3

The Table 3.4 (B) reflects the following,

The daily maximum temperature ranged from 33.20C to 34.20C

The daily minimum temperature ranged from 16.70C to 21.20C

The highest temperature in the month ranged from 36.00C to 37.10C

The lowest temperature in the month ranged from 12.30C to 17.90C

The relative humidity for the month of October, November and December is given below in

Table No. 3.4 (C) on the next page:-

Table No. 3.4 (C) Relative humidity for the months of October to December

Sr. No. Month Time Relative humidity


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(%)

1.

October 08.30 am 81 17.30 pm 69

2. November 08.30 am 69 17.30 pm 62

3. December 08.30 am 66 17.30 pm 54

The Table 3.4 (C) reflects that the minimum relative humidity was in the month of

December i.e54% and maximum relative humidity was in the month of October i.e.81%.

Rainfall: No rain has been recorded during the study period. Usually the major rainy days

are during the months of June to September. Annual rainfall of Raigad region is 2055 mm.

3.5.2 Climatological Data - Project Site

Temperature:

The temperature recorded at the project site is tabulated in Table 3.4 (D) for the month of

October, November and December 2012.

Table No.3.4 (D) Temperature recorded at the site

Sr. No

Month Minimum temp. (0C)

Average Temp. (0C)

Maximum temp. (0C)

1. Oct. 2012 14.5 25.2 35.9 2. Nov. 2012 12.4 22.9 33.4 3. Dec. 2012 9.8 21.0 32.2

The Table No. 3.4 (D) reflects the following:-

The minimum temperature varied from 9.80C to 14.50C.

The average temperature varied from 21.00C to 25.20C.

The maximum temperature varied from 32.20C to 35.90C.

Humidity: The humidity recorded for the month of October to December 2012.is tabulated

in Table No. 3.4 (E).


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Table No. 3.4 (E) Relative Humidity recorded at the site

Sr. No

Month Min. humidity (%)

Average humidity (%)

Max. Humidity (%)

1. Oct. 25 42 59 2. Nov. 20 37 54 3. Dec. 27 43.5 60

The Table 3.4 (E) reflects that the following,

The minimum relative humidity varied from 20% to 27%.

The average relative humidity varied from 37% to 43.7%.

The maximum relative humidity varied from 60% to 59%.

Wind Pattern: A wind rose is a graphic tool used by meteorologist to give a succinct view

of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. The

meteorology was monitored by installing a automatic weather station of Bhira for the

period of October -2012 to November 2012. The site specific wind roses are depicted from

Figure 3.6 (A) to Figure 3.6 (D). The interpretation of the site specific wind roses is given

below...

October 2012:- The wind rose diagram depicts that predominant wind direction is from

South East. The 0.3 m/sec – 1.4 m/sec fraction and 1.4 m/sec -3.1 m /sec fraction was

found to be 30% and 25% respectively. The average wind speed was found to be 0.68

m/sec and calms prevailed for 8.20 % of the entire month.

November 2012:- The wind rose diagram depicts that predominant wind direction is from


found to be 20 % and 15 % respectively. The average wind speed was found to be

1.57m/sec and calms prevailed for 6.25 % of the entire month.

December 2012:- The wind rose diagram depicts that predominant wind direction is from



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found to be 55 % and 60 % respectively. The average wind speed was found to be

1.85m/sec and calms prevailed for 4.03 % of the entire month.

Seasonal wind rose (October 2012 to December 2012):- The seasonal wind rose

diagram depicts that predominant wind direction is from South East. The 2.1 m/sec – 3.6

m/sec fraction and 3.6 m/sec -5.7 m /sec fraction was found to be 45 % and 50 %

respectively. The average wind speed was found to be 1.36/sec and calms prevailed for

20.11 % of the entire season.

Figure No. 3.6 (A) Wind rose for the month of October 2012

Chart 1: Wind Class Frequency Distribution

for October 2012


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Figure No. 3.6 (B) Wind rose for the month of November 2012

Chart 2: Wind Class Frequency Distribution for November 2012


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Figure No. 3.6 (C) Wind rose for the month of December 2012

Chart 3: Wind Class Frequency Distribution for December 2012


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Figure No. 3.6 (D) Seasonal Wind rose for the month of October – December 2012

Chart 4: Wind Class Frequency Distribution for October – December 2012


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3.6 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ)

3.6.1 Sampling Locations

Ambient air quality of the study area has been assessed during winter period of 1stOctober

2012 to 31st December 2012, through a network of five ambient air quality stations within

an area of 10 km region around the project site. Based on the established selection criteria

the locations of ambient air quality monitoring (AAQM) stations have been identified. The

concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 , SO2 and NOX samples were collected as 24 hourly average by

drawing air at the rate of 1.0 -1.5 m3/min through glass fibre filter paper and analyzing by

the gravimetric method. Whereas, the concentrations of SO2 and NOX were analyzed by

absorption & colorimetric method. Three months ambient air quality results enclosed as

Annexure No.4.

The air monitoring locations are shown in Figure No.3.7 and Table No.3.5

Table No. 3.5 Description of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

station Code

Station Name Distance From Project

Site (km) Direction

Upwind/ Downwind

AAQ-1 Project Site - -

AAQ-2 Dhamani 1.6 E Upwind

AAQ-3 Kharsundi 1.4 W Downwind

AAQ-4 Nimode katarwadi

1.7 NW Downwind

AAQ-5 Ambivali 4.8 NW Downwind

AAQ-6 Khalapur 1.4 E Crosswind


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Figure No. 3.7 Ambient Air Monitoring Locations


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Pre-calibrated fine particulate samplers were used for monitoring of PM10& PM2.5. Analysis

techniques used for different air quality parameters are presented in Table 3.6.

Table No. 3.6 Techniques Used for the Analysis of Ambient Air Quality Parameters

Sr. No

Parameter Technique Technical Protocol

Minimum Detectable Limit

1 PM 10& PM2.5 Gravimetric method IS -5182 (Part-4) 1.0 g/m3

2 Sulphur Dioxide Modified West and Gaeke IS-5182 (Part-2) 4.0 g/m3

3 Nitrogen Oxide Jacob & Hochheiser IS-5182 (Part-6) 4.0 g/m3

4 Carbon Monoxide

CO analyzer / monitor IS-5182 (Part-10) 1.0 ppm

Observations sought out during baseline study period October 2012- December 2012

presented in Table No. 3.7.

Table No. 3.7 Observations of Air Monitoring

PM2.5 (μg/m3)

PM10 (μg/m3)

SO2 (μg/m3)

NOx (μg/m3)

Hydrocarbon (μg/m3)

O3 (μg/m3)

VOC

AAQ-1 Project Site Minimum 8.4 19.5 11.3 15.7

BDL

BDL BDL

Maximum 15.1 26.8 20.6 28.7

Average 10.5 23.2 14.8 22.7

98 percentile 13.9 26.5 19.8 28.2

AAQ-2 Dhamani

Minimum 6.5 15.6 10.3 10.9

BDL

BDL BDL

Maximum 11.1 28.9 18.6 27.7

Average 9.1 21.4 14.3 20.9

98 percentile 10.9 28.1 18.6 26.4

AAQ-3 Kharsundi

Minimum 7.2 19.2 12.1 16.7

BDL

BDL BDL

Maximum 11.7 28.4 21.3 24.6 Average 9.0 25.9 17.9 21.7

98 percentile 11.5 28.4 20.6 24.2

AAQ-4 Nimode Katarwadi


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PM2.5 (μg/m3)

PM10 (μg/m3)

SO2 (μg/m3)

NOx (μg/m3)

Hydrocarbon (μg/m3)

O3 (μg/m3)

VOC

Minimum 7.6 15.2 16.2 21.2

BDL BDL BDL Maximum 12.6 21.3 27.6 33.4

Average 9.4 18.0 21.9 27.7

98 percentile 11.8 21.3 26.9 30.9

AAQ-5 Ambivali

Minimum 8.2 18.6 8.8 10.2


Average 9.9 22.4 14.7 18.2

98 percentile 11.1 27.4 20.1 24.4

AAQ-6 Khalapur

Minimum 8.1 15.6 7.3 10.5


Average 9.3 22.8 14.4 19.2

98 percentile 10.5 29.7 26.2 27.8

CPCB Standards (November 2009) – 24 hourly

Industrial, Residential and Rural Areas

100 µg/m3

60 µg/m3

80 µg/m3

80 µg/m3

Note: Below Detection Limit (BDL)

The concentrations of PM10 PM2.5, SO2 and NOx (Table 3.7) were found within the National

Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQ). Total hydrocarbon (HC) & volatile organic

compound (VOC) were found to be below detectible limit.

3.7 Noise Environment

Ambient noise standards are prescribed for residential, commercial and industrial areas

and silence zone vide ‘The Noise Pollution (Regulation and control) Rules, 2000, notified by

the MoEF on February 14, 2000. The ambient noise standards have been stipulated during

day time (6 am to 10 pm) and night time (10 pm to 6 am) keeping in the view the different


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sensitive and the resultant impacts at community level during these periods. The ambient

noise levels were monitored at selected villages within the study area during day and night

time covering residential, commercial/industrial and silence zones.

Background noise levels were measured at the project site and surrounding villages by a

standard- noise- level- meter for 24 hours. Equivalent noise levels during day (0800-2200

hrs) Ld, night (2300-0700 hrs) Ln and the equivalent noise levels for day & night, the Ldn

values were calculated. The Noise quality monitoring Station& results are shown in Figure

3.8 &Table 3.8.

Table No. 3.8 Ambient Noise Levels in Study Area

Units: dB (A)

N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6

Min 40.0 38.0 38.1 38.3 38.7 38.6 Max 56.5 55.4 52.8 52.8 53.0 53.0 Ld 50.4 49.9 48.5 49.2 48.8 48.6 Ln 42.7 42.8 41.5 42.8 43.0 42.8

CPCB Standards For Noise Levels

Industrial

Day Time Night Time

75 dB(A) 70 dB(A) Commercial 65 dB(A) 45 dB(A) Residential 55dB(A) 45 dB(A) Silence Zone 50 dB(A) 40 dB(A)

3.7.1. Analysis of Ambient Noise Levels:

The above results are within the CPCB Standards. Noise monitoring results enclosed as

Annexure No. 5.The minimum noise level 30.8 dB (A) and the maximum noise level 52.6 dB

(A) were observed. The relative high values of noise recorded in factory premises and

suburban areas were primarily due to vehicular traffic and other activities.

L Min Minimum Noise Level Recorded Ld Day Equivalents

L Max Maximum Noise Level Recorded Ln Night Equivalents


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Figure No. 3.8 Ambient Noise Monitoring Locations


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3.8 Water Environment

3.8.1 Reconnaissance Survey

Assessment of baseline data on water environment includes

Identification of surface water sources

Identification of ground water sources

Collection of water samples

Analyzing water samples for physic o-chemical and biological parameters

Assessment of water quality in the study area includes the water quality testing and

assessment per the Indian standard IS 10500 (drinking water standard).

Water samples from various locations in and around the project site within 10 km radius

were collected for assessment of the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality.

Methodologies adopted for sampling and analysis were according to the IS methods. Field

parameters such as pH, Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen were tested at site. The

parameters thus analyzed were compared with IS 10500.

3.8.2 Baseline Status

Surface Water

Natural drain in the study area includes Patalganga 2.75 km away from the project site. The

map depicting water Quality locations are shown in Figure No. 3.9.

Ground Water

The water sampling locations are given in Table No. 3.9. Water samples from various

locations in and around the plant site within 10 km radius were collected for assessment of

the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality. Field parameters such as pH,

Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen were monitored at site. The parameters thus analyzed


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were compared with IS 10500. Details of surface and ground water quality are presented in

Table 3.10.

Table No. 3.9 Water sampling locations

S No. Location Code

Location Name Sample Source

Surface Water 1 SWQ1 Patalganga River Up-stream 2 SWQ2 Patalganga River Down-stream

Ground Water 1 GWQ1 Project Site Open Well 2 GWQ2 Abbhivali Open Well 3 GWQ3 Madap Open Well 4 GWQ4 Kharasindi Open Well 5 GWQ5 Savaroli Open Well 6 GWQ6 Dhamani Open Well

Table No. 3.10 Water Quality Results (Sortout parameters)

Sr.

No

Pa

ram

ete

r

Un

it

Pro

ject

Sit

e

Ab

bh

-iv

ali

Ma

da

p

Kh

ara

-sin

di

Sa

va

roli

Dh

am

an

i

Pa

talg

an

ga

U

p-s

tre

am

Pa

talg

an

ga

D

ow

n-

stre

am

1 pH -- 6.70 7.06 7.38 7.14 7.18 7.31 6.50 6.86

2 Conductivity mho/cm 235 526 354 243 618 436 118 85

3 Turbidity N.T.U. 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 1.4 1.2

4 TDS mg/l 164 398 262 174 444 318 76 58

5 Alkalinity mg/l 124 228 196 124 292 192 24.0 28

6 Total Hardness

(as CaCO3)

mg/l 128 264 204 116 268 220 36.0 40

7 Calcium (as Ca)

mg/l 40.0 64.0 46.4 46.4 68.8 65.6 6.40 12.8

8 DO mg/l 3.4 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.5 3.7 4.8 4.9

(Refer Annexure-6 for Water Quality Results)


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Assessment of Water Quality

The ground water quality parameters were assessed as per the Indian Standard IS 10500

(Drinking Water Standard). The observations are given below:

It is observed that the pH of the ground water and surface water samples are in the

range of 6.50 to 7.38

Total dissolved solids (TDS) of the ground water & surface water samples were in

the range 58 to 444 mg/l

Total hardness of the ground water & surface water samples was found to vary

between 36.0 to 268 mg/l


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Figure No. 3.9 Water Sampling Locations


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3.9 Land Environment

There are four chief varieties of soil: ailuvial and alluvia, powdered laterite and trap, clayey

mould resting on trap, and soil containing marine deposits with, much sand and other

matter in concretion. Of these the first, which is composed of various disintegrated rocks of

the overlying trap formation, with a varying proportion of calcareous substances, is at once

the richest and the most widespread. It is red, yellow or black in colour, crumbly, and, from

the drainage of hill streams, free from salt of the three colours. All are equally productive,

but the black is most suited for growing-rice. Its richness is due chiefly to its lime nodules

or kankar, and to the vegetable matter in valleys and near river banks.

The second soil, powdered laterite and clay, which cover the sides and slopes of hills, is

next in point of excent. Though filted for the growth of such hill crops as nachni, vari, harik,

udid, and til, this soil, owing to its shallowness, soon becomes exhausted, and, after bearing

for three years, has to be allowed a three years fallow.

The third soil, clayey mould resting on trap, is found near the banks of the Nagothna, Roha,

and Mandad creeks, and in the strip of land that stretches from Dasgaon ten miles west

along the sides of the Savitri River. In the strip of land that runs by the side of the Nagothna

creek, about eighteen miles long and from half a mile to three miles broad, the soil is mixed

with chalky tubes locally called ladh. Some detached flats of this soil along the Roha and

Mandad creeks arc cultivated with inferior rice. Where the supply of fresh water is scanty

the yield is small, but, where the supply of fresh water is plentiful, the yield equals that of

uthlapat or sweet rice land.

The third sort is mostly very dark brown, and, when dry, is extremely hard. In places where

it is or was liable to be flooded from creeks and backwaters it is called kharepat or salt

land. Below this soil is a stratum of mud, in many places half liquid. The fourth soil,

containing marine deposits and sand, lies along the sea-coast and is favourable to garden

crops, which are helped by the abundant supply of water contained in a belt of concrete

and lime.


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3.9.1 Geology

The rock of the district is trap. In the plains it is found in tabular masses a few feet below the

soil and sometimes standing out from the surface. In the hills it is tabular and is also found in

irregular masses and shapeless boulders varying from a few inches to several feet in

diameter. In many places the surface of the trap has a rusty hue showing the presence of iron.

Baseline Status

Soil samples were collected within the radius of 10 Km in the study area. The detailed

analysis is given in table 3.11.The map depicting soil sample locations are depicted in

Figure 3.10.

Table No. 3.11 Soil Quality Monitored within Buffer Zone of project

Sr.

No

.

Pa

ram

ete

rs o

f A

na

lysi

s

Un

it

Soil Sample Identity

Pro

ject

Sit

e

Am

bin

-ali

Ma

da

p

Dh

am

an

i

Sa

va

-ro

li

Kh

ara

s-u

nd

i

1. pH of 20 % suspension pH 5.45 6.97 6.34 6.82 6.54 6.60

4. Organic matter % 5.04 1.3 3.1 0.36 6.03 3.2

5. Bulk density gm/cm3

1.22 1.20 1.20 1.24 1.22 1.22

6. Free Ammonical Nitrogen

% Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

7. Potassium as K % 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 8. Phosphorous as P % 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 13.

Particle size distribution Sand Slit Clay

% % %

16.0 44.0 40.0

17.0 45.0 38.0

14.0 44.0 42.0

28.0 42.0 30.0

15.0 48.0 37.0

24.0 34.0 42.0

(Refer Annexure-7 for Soil Quality Results)


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Figure No. 3.10 Soil Sampling Locations


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Soil quality of study area shows the following observation:

All the samples having pH in range of 5.45 – 6.97

All the samples having average concentration of Electrical Conductivity and Organic

Carbon.

Concentration of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium are under better, medium

and very less category as per standard soil classification

Overall it is observed that the soils of the region are suitable for agriculture.

3.9.2 Land Use & Crop Pattern

The analysis of general land use denotes the status of land surface in an area. The general

land use of the district is classified into forest land, net sown area, land not available for

cultivation, cultivable waste and fallow land. The above classification is used for present

study. In this paper an attempt has been made to study the change in general land use in

Raigad District of Maharashtra. Raigad District is located in North Konkan of Maharashtra

and covers 7148 sq. km. area. The entire study is based on secondary data. The period of 20

years i.e. from 1980-81 to 2000-2001 is selected for spatio-temporal changes of land use.

The tahsil is a basic unit of investigation. Cartographic techniques are employed to

strengthen the analysis of study. The study reveals that during the last two decades drastic

changes have taken place in general land use pattern.

Raigad district has high proportion of non-agriculture land due to rapid growth of

urbanization. Figure 3.11 is showing cultivation and uncultivated land, Figure 3.12 is

showing Uncultivated and Fallow land and figure 3.9 is showing forest land of Raigad region.


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Figure No. 3.11 Map showing Cultivation (L) & Uncultivated Land (R) of Raigad District

Figure No. 3.12 Map Showing Uncultivated Land (L), Fallow Land (M) & Forest Land (R) of

Raigad


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Crop Pattern of Raigad

In 1880-81, of 476,693 acres, the total area of tilled land, 171,858 or 36.05 per cent were

fallow or under grass. Of the remaining 304,835 acres, 4636 were twice cropped. Of the

309,47.1 acres under tillage, grain crops occupied 285,490 acres or 92.27 per cent, 141,144

of them under rice, bhat, Oryza sativa; 63,579 under ragi or nachni, Eleusine coracana;

49,097 under vari, Panicum miliare; 31,669 under kodra, Paspalum scrobiculatum, and one

under wheat, gaku, Triticum aestivum. Pulses occupied 15,031 acres or 4.35 per cent, 5899 of

them under udid, Phaseolus mungo; 1796 under gram, harbhara, Gicer arietinum; 1686 under

tur, Cajanus indicns; 1488 under mug, Phaseolus radiatus; one under kulith, Dolichos biflorus;

and 4161 under other pulses. Oilseed occupied 4609 acres or 1.48 per cent, 4413 of them

under gingelly seed, til, Sesamum indicum; and 196 under other oilseeds. Fibres occupied

1522 acres or 0.49 per cent, of which 1497 acres were under Bombay hemp, tag, Crotolaria

juncea; and 25 under cotton, kapus, Gossypium herbaceum. Miscellaneous crops occupied

2819 acres or 091 per cent, 65 of them under sugarcane, us, Saccharum officinarum; and the

remaining 2754 under various vegetables and fruits.

Rice: The following are the chief details of the more important crops: Rice, bhat, Oryza

sativa, holds the first place, with, in 1880-81, 141,144 acres or 45.60 per cent of the whole

tillage area. The twenty-four chief sorts of rice belong to two main groups, red rice and white

rice. Red rice is inferior and is grown only in salt low lying lands near creeks which are liable

to be flooded by spring tides. White rice grows only in lands beyond the reach of salt water.

Of the sixteen sorts of white or sweet soil rice, seven, known as early or halve, ripen about the

middle of October, and nine, known as late or garvi, about a month later.

Of the sweet rice lands, some, chiefly in the southern sub-divisions near the villages of

Mahad, Ghodegaon, Birvadi, Latvan, Nateh, and Poladpur, grow cold weather crops of tur,

gram, and other pulse. But over the greater part of the district the rice lands lie bare during

the cold weather. During the cold weather months patches in the fields are covered with a


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thin layer of cow dung on which a second layer of brushwood and tree-lopping is laid, and,

above this, grass is spread to the depth of a foot.

Earth is scattered on the grass, and the whole is set on fire early on some morning towards

the end of the hot season. In June, just before the rains, the ground is strewn with seed, and

then ploughed along with the wood and dung ashes. After a few heavy showers, the plants

begin to shoot, and are allowed to grow for three weeks or a month. When the soil is

thoroughly softened they are pulled up in little bunches of from six to eight seedlings, and

planted, from eight to ten inches apart, in soil previously ploughed and cleared of weeds. The

rice is weeded by hand about a month after planting. It is reaped in the end of October or the

beginning of November. After drying for some days in the field, the rice is tied in sheaves,

and, about a month later, is threshed by beating the sheaves against a well-cleaned threshing

floor, and the whole is afterwards winnowed. In salt rice land neither ploughing nor manure

is required. When the ground is well soaked with rain, the seed is either thrown into the

mud, or, when the land is low, it is wetted and placed in a heap until it sprouts, when it is

thrown into the mud or on the surface of the water.

After the plants have grown a little, crowded patches are thinned and bare spaces planted.

The chief labour and expense in growing salt rice is the making and mending of the banks.

Every field is surrounded by a bank from two to four feet high according to its distance from

a creek. This bank has to be renewed every year and kept in repair during the time the crop

is on the ground. During spring tides it must be carefully watched day and night. If by any

oversight the field is flooded by salt water, years pass before it again yields a good crop. The

reaping and threshing of salt rice is the same as of sweet rice.

Pulse: Of 15,031 acres under pulse, 5899 were under black gram, udid, Phaseolas mungo. It is

grown chiefly in Mangaon, Roha, and, Mahad after the rice crop has been reaped. For the udid

crop the soil is ploughed three times, and the clods of earth are broken by the hand. No

manure is used and the seed is sown broadcast. The crop ripens about March. Udid flour is

used as food in a variety of ways, and the stalks of the plant are a good fodder for cattle of


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other pulses tur and mug are grown in Roha, Mangaon, and Mahad, and gram in Mangaon

only.

Sesamum: Sesamum, til, Sesamum indicum, occupying, in 1880-81, 4413 acres, is raised

mostly in Mangaon and Mahad, and grows best on fairly flat land. The soil does not require to

have brushwood burnt on it and is only ploughed twice after rain has fallen. No manure is

used and the seed is sown broadcast from the middle to the end of June. The crop does not

require to be weeded and ripens about the beginning of November.

Betel Leaf: Betel-leaf, pan, is grown to a considerable extent in the plantations between

Alibag and Chaul. The soil is well ploughed and dug, ridges are made, and the betel-vine

cuttings planted on the ridges, Tur sticks are set in the ground for the vines to grow up. They

are shaded with palm leaves and manured with fish, if well watered the creeper yields after

the first year. During the rains the leaves are largely sent to Bombay.

Betel Palm: The Betel-palm, sopari, is grown in large numbers, from 50,000 to 60,000, in

cocoa-palm plantations along the Alibag coast. After the nuts have dried and fallen to the

ground they are buried about two inches deep in loosened and leveled soil. When the

seedlings are a year old, they are planted out in July and buried about two feet deep. The soil

is then enriched by a mixture of salt and nachni, sometimes with the addition of cow dung.

During the first four months the plant does not require watering. After four months, it is

watered either daily or at an interval of one or two days. A well-watered betel-palm begins to

yield nuts in its fifth or sixth year. But if water is stinted the tree does not begin to bear till it

is eight, nine or ten years old. The tree yields twice and sometimes thrice in a year, about 250

nuts being considered an average yearly yield. The price in the local market is about 700 or

800 nuts for 2s. (Re.1). The nuts are not inferior to Thana nuts and are sent to Bombay where

they are sold at from 6s.to 8s.(Rs. 3-Rs. 4) a man.

Mango: The Mango, amba, Mangifera indica, grows wild throughout the district; but grafted

mangoes are little grown except in Alibag, Chaul, and Revdanda, The common mangoes are

sent green to Bombay for pickling.


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3.9.3 Seismo-Tectonic Appraisal of the Area

Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has prepared a seismic zoning map of India based on

tectonic features and records of past earthquakes. The site is located in Zone-III as per the

seismic map given in Figure 3.13. Zone III is defined as having a maximum intensity

expected of around VII on MM scale.

Figure No. 3.13 Seismic Map showing the project site

Zone Max. MSK Intensity 2 VI 3 VII 4 VIII 5 IX or higher


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3.10 Ecology & Biodiversity

Study of Biological Environment is one of the most important aspects for Environmental

Impact Assessment Studies in view of the need for conservation of environmental quality

and biodiversity. Ecological systems show complex inter-relationships between biotic and

abiotic components including dependence, competition and mutualism. Biotic components

comprise both plant and animal communities, which interact not only within and between

themselves but also with the abiotic components viz. physical & chemical components of

the environment.

The data in the study area is collected on types and status of flora and fauna, for assessing

the potential impacts on flora and fauna due to construction and operation of the project

with associated facilities.

3.10.1 Ecology

Ecological impact assessment is used to predict and evaluate the impacts of development

on ecosystems and their components, thereby providing the information needed to ensure

that ecological issues are given full and proper consideration in development planning.

Ecological assessment has a major part to play as a component of EIA but also has other

potential applications in environmental planning and management.

The vegetation and wild life describes the environment setting in terms of type of

communities, community uniqueness, and types of species forming each community,

dominant species, rare and endangered species, and their habitat vulnerability to various

disturbances. Ecological cycle also is an important representation of biological

environmental setting

3.10.2 Reconnaissance Survey

An exhaustive survey was carried out within project site and 10 km radial area to get an

idea of major vegetative patterns, plant, animal communities, dominant species, correlation


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between plant, animal communities in order to establish existing scenario of flora and

fauna.

Reconnaissance survey was carried out to have an overview of the terrestrial ecosystem of

the core and buffer area. These surveys revealed that the study area mainly consists of

residential area with few patches of a degraded scrub Land and agricultural land. Some

random representative locations are selected for studying the ecological status. These

locations were selected to cover the core and buffer area of the project site.

3.10.3 Survey Methodology

In order to assess the prevailing status of flora and fauna in the project region, particularly

on the endemic, rare and endangered species; and migratory path/ route of animals and

birds and their breeding and nesting places in different terrestrial and aquatic locations of

project area; baseline ecological surveys were conducted during the study period. The

baseline ecological status in the project area has been established through the following

methods:

1. Collection of secondary information on ecological conditions pertaining to flora and

fauna and its review.

2. Reconnaissance surveys of the entire project area, in order to have a broad

understanding on the prevailing situation on flora and fauna in the project area for

stratifying different areas into different representative classes in order to select most

appropriate sampling locations for conducting detailed ecological surveys;

3. Detailed primary ecological field surveys for establishing the first-hand information on

prevailing ecological status in the project area, covering different representative

physiognomic and habitat conditions; and establishing the present status of plant species

and their importance


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The survey was carried out by random sampling methodology in the project area and 10

Km radius including the forest patches. The sampling locations are shown in Figure 3.14

and Table 3.12.

Table No. 3.12 Ecology Survey Sampling Locations

Sr. No. Location Direction w.r.t. Project Site

Distance w.r.t Project Site (km)

1. Project site --- ---

2. Kharsundi Village w 1.4

3. Sajgaon Takai SE 6.2

4. Thakur Wadi Kumbhivali S 0.57

5. Dhamani E 1.6

6. Khalapur-Vanve N 1.4

3.10.4 Ecological status of the Study Area

Survey was carried out in study area for vegetative patterns, plant, animal communities,

dominant species, correlation between plant, animal communities in order to establish

existing scenario of flora and fauna.

The key species in the study area of 10 kms radius were found from the different localities

including the forest patches like Mangifera indica (Amba), Acacia nilotica (Babul), Albizia

lebbeck (Shirus), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Bauhinia racemosa (Apta), Butea monosperma

(Palas), Eucalyptus globules (Nilgiri), Ficus benghalensis (Wad), Ficus religiosa (Pipal) etc.

Polyalthia longifolia (Ashoka), Tamarindus indica (Chinch), Tectona grandis (Sagwan),

Ziziphus jujube (Bor). Photograph of the study area is given in Figure 3.15.


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Figure No. 3.14 Ecological Sampling Locations


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Figure No. 3.15 Photographs of the Study Area

Nearby Forest Area Vegetation nearby Thakurwadi village

Vegetation near Khalapur-Vanve village

Common vegetation surrounding houses

3.10.5 Observations and Results

The study area represents as arid or semi-arid region. Nearby reserved forest patches in

close vicinity of the proposed Project site are also surveyed. The vegetation was very

sparse consisting mainly stunted and thorny shrubs, trees and herbs capable of drought

resistance. Trees were very few and scattered. The proposed area has represented mostly

open land and hilly terrain means low diversity in the study area. The list of plant species is

given in Table 3.13.


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Table No. 3.13 List of plant species observed in 10km radius of the project area

Sr. No. Common Name Botanical Name 1. Rui Calotropis gigantea 2. Mango Mangifera indica 3. Shevri bombax ceiba 4. Sag Tectona grandis 5. Apta Bauhinia racemosa 6. Umber Ficus glomerata 7. Tad Borassus flabellifer 8. Cactus Cactus Sps. 9. Babul Acacia arabica

10. Neem Azadirachta indica 11. Mahua Madhuca longifolia 12. Drumstick Moringa oleifera 13. Papaya Carica Papaya 14. Jamun Syzygium cumini 15. Kaju Anacardium occidentale 16. Palash Butea monosperma 17. Jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus 18. Subabul Leucaena leucocephala 19. Tamarind Tamarindus indica 20. Ain Terminalia tomentosa 21. Guava Psidium guajava 22. Vilayati chinch Pithecellobium dulce 23. Bor Zizyphus mauritiana 24. Gulmohar Delonix regia 25. Ashok Saraca indica 26. Badam Terminalia catappa 27. Bambu Bambuseae arundinella 28. Bogenvillia Bougainvillea sps 29. Coconut Cocos nucifera 30. Chandani Tabernaemontana coronaria 31. Raintree Samanea saman 32. Vad Ficus bengalensis

33. Peepal Ficus religiosa 34. Lotus Nelumbo nucifera 35. Champak Plumaria alba 36. Silver Oak Grevillea robusta 37. Hibiscus Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis 38. Croton Codiaeum variegatum 39. Gokarna Clitoria ternatea vine


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Sr. No. Common Name Botanical Name 40. Banana Musa acuminata

3.10.6 Terrestrial Fauna:

The project area is surrounded by the urban habitat and therefore showing the common

type of terrestrial fauna. The same is given in Table 3.14.

Table No. 3.14 Mammal species in the study area

Common Name Zoological Name Local Name

Schedule

Five Striped palm squirrel Funambulus pennati Khar IV Common / Indian Mongoose Herpestes edwerdsi Mungoose IV

Common Indian Hare Lepus nigricollis Sasa IV

Bonnet monkey Macaca radiata Bandar II

Indian Field Mouse Mus booduga Undir V

House mouse Mus musculus Undir V

Common House rat Rattus rattus Undir V

House Shrew Suncus murinus Chichundri V

Jackal Glossogobius giuris Kolha

Wild Boar Sus indicus Dukkar

Table No. 3.15 Amphibian and reptile in the study area

Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name A) Amphibian 1. Common frog Rana tigrina 2. Toad Bufo melanostictus B) Reptiles 1. Garden lizard Calotes versicolor 2. Wall lizard Hemidactylus brooki 3. Cobra Naja naja 4. Krait Bungarus coeruleus


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3.10.7 Common Birds of Project site

The fauna is also common type the study area. The birds found in the study area are

enlisted in Table 3.16.

Table No. 3.16 Avifauna of the study area

Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name 1. Red Vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer 2. Myna Acridotheres tristis 3. Owl Tyto alba 4. Magpie-Robin Copsychus saularis 5. Common Egret Casmerodius albus 6. Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus 7. Crow Corvus splendens 8. Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus 9. Horn Bill ------ 10. Spotted Dove Spilopelia chinensis 11. Jungle Babbler Turdoides striata 12. Green Bee eater Merops orientalis 13. Shama Copsychus malabaricus 14. Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus

3.10.8 Aquatic Fauna

The Patalganga River is 2.75 km away from the project site in the NE direction. As the

common fish species found in the river are as given in Table 3.17.

Table No. 3.17 Common fish species found in the river (Patalganga)

Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name 1. Catla Catla catla 2. Rohu Lebio rohita 3. Maral Channa punctata 4. Dokh Channa gachua 5. Mangur Clarius batracus 6. Dandvan Garra malya 7. Malya Orereochrimis mosambicus 8. Darai Puntius sarana 9. Khavli Puntius sophore


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10. Dara Rasbora daniconius 11. Chikli Indoreonectes evezardi 12. Chikani Lepidocephalichthys thermalis 13. Sona tengra Arius sona 14. Sona tengra Hexanematichthys sagor 15. Gappi Gambusia affinis 16. Guppy Poecilia reticulata 17. Chavari tamb Lutjanus johni 18. Ravas Elutheronema tetradactylum 19. Chilna Leptomelanosoma indicum

20. Koth Otolithoides biauritus 21. Kaski Scatophagus argus 22. Mangan Mugil cephalus 23. Kharbi Glossogobius giuris

3.11 Socio-Economic Environment

3.11.1 Baseline Status

Baseline information is collected to define the socio-economic profile of the study area.

Baseline data generated includes:

1. Demographic structure

2. Infrastructure Resources base in the study area

3. Economic attributes

4. Health status

5. Awareness and opinion of the people about the project

The data is generated using secondary sources viz Census Records, District Statistical

Abstract, Primary Health Centres etc.

3.11.2. Demographic Structure

The data on the demographic structure of the study area were collected from censes

records of Raigad District. There are 28 villages in the study area. The demographic profile

of the study area including no. household, total population, population structure viz


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scheduled Caste population and number of literates & illiterates, are discussed below. The

salient features arising out of demographic details such as number of persons (i.e. Male &

Female), sex ratio, is presented in Table 3.18.The demographic details have been

abstracted from Primary Census Abstract of Maharashtra. The salient features of the study

area are as follows:

Study area includes 28 villages from Khalapur Tahsil

Total population of villages under the study area is 27012.

Sex ratio (No. of females per 1000 males) is which indicates that females are less in

number than their male counterpart in the study are.

The overall literacy rate in the study area is 58 %, which is quite satisfactory.

Scheduled caste population is 3% while scheduled tribe population in the study area

is 13.49%.

Infrastructure Resource Base : The infrastructure resources base of the villages coming

within the study area with reference to education, medical facility, water supply, post and

telegraph, transportation and communication facility and power supply etc.

Educational Facility: Villages in the study area are mostly having educational facilities in

the form of primary, middle, secondary schools and colleges. Higher education is available

at Raigad District level.

Medical facility: Medical institutions in rural parts of the region are inadequate, as per the

data recorded in the statistical handbook. At Raigad primary health Centres/Government

hospitals are available to provide primary health services to the people.

Drinking Water Facility: All the villages in the region are having drinking water facility in

the form of hand pumps dug, wells and tube wells and water tanks.

Communication Facility: Most of the villages in the study area having communication

facilities in the form of post office, post, telegraph and telephone connections.


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Transportation Facility: The facility is available in the form of bus and railway network in

the region. Transportation facility in the region is good; people have to travel at long

distance to access railway facility.

Roads : The plant site is located adjacent to Pune Mumbai Expressway. The nearest railway

station is Khopoli located at 9.80 kms (aerial distance) from the project site.

Economic Activity: The occupation of population and work force of the study area are

presented in Table 3.19

People in the rural area are mostly engaged in agricultural activities.

Unemployment level is high in the region as non-worker population share higher

percentage in the region.

Average monthly income of the people in the study area is about Rs. 6000-7000.

Health Status: Health of the people is not only a desirable goal, but it is also an essential

investment in human resources. As per the National Health Policy (1983), primary Health

Care has been accepted as main instrument for achieving this goal of development and

strengthening rural health infrastructure through a three-tier system, viz., Primary Health

Centre (PHCs), Subentries and Community Health Centre, which has to be established.

During the study health problems were observed which could be attributed to improper

sanitation, lack of health awareness among the people and lack of health related

infrastructure facilities. People are not having sense of hygiene and sanitation and are not

responsible for cleanliness near the drinking water source.


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3.11.3. Demography of the study area

The demography of the 10km study area is depicted through Table 3.18

Table No. 3.18 Demographic details of the study area

Table No. 3.18 (A) Population by Sex and Sex Ratio

Sr. No. Description Numbers 1 Total District 1 2 Total Villages 28 3 Total no. of House Hold 4954 4 Total Population 27012 5 Total Male Population 13991 6 Total Female Population 13021 7 Total SC Population 815 8 Total ST Population 3645 9 Total Literate Population 17359

10 Total Illiterates Population 9653 11 Total Workers Population 12529 12 Total Male workers 7896 13 Total Female Workers 4633 14 Main Workers 8830 15 Marginal Workers 3699 16 Non-Workers 1483 17 Main Cultivator Population 2241 18 Marginal Cultivator Population 870

Sr. No. Village Total Persons Males Females Sex ratio 1 Vasheni 2728 1349 1379 1022 2 Ajivali 1248 671 577 860 3 Lodhivali 2384 1252 1132 904 4 Morbe 563 279 284 1018 5 Pali Kh. 249 122 127 1041 6 Sarang 531 273 258 945 7 Vayal 764 369 395 1070 8 Kambe 652 352 300 852 9 Vanivali 773 570 203 356

10 Kalote Mokashi 1490 797 693 870 11 Vinegaon 620 343 277 808 12 Isambe 447 235 212 902


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The Table 3.18 (A) reflects that the number of males and females in the study area are

13991 and 13021 respectively. In terms of percentage - males and females constitute 52 %

and 48 % of the total population respectively. The sex ratio of the study area was found to

be 931.

The SC and ST population in the study area is depicted in Table 3.17(B).

Table No. 3.18 (B) SC and ST population in the study area

Sr. No.

Village Total

population SC population ST population

Population Percentage Population Percentage 1 Vasheni 2728 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 Ajivali 1248 57 4.6 9 0.7 3 Lodhivali 2384 25 1.0 194 8.1 4 Morbe 563 0 0.0 200 35.5 5 Pali Kh. 249 0 0.0 16 6.4 6 Sarang 531 126 23.7 82 15.4 7 Vayal 764 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 Kambe 652 5 0.8 0 0.0 9 Vanivali 773 3 0.4 0 0.0

10 Kalote Mokashi 1490 0 0.0 465 31.2

13 Nadode 618 301 317 1053 14 Nimbode 795 411 384 934 15 Anjrun 452 235 217 923 16 Kumbhivali 1132 641 491 766 17 Sajgaon 1270 723 547 757 18 Parkhande 383 193 190 984 19 Donvat 676 359 317 883 20 Padale 228 124 104 839 21 Ghote 380 192 188 979 22 Koproli 252 123 129 1049 23 Vanwali 438 219 219 1000 24 Savroli 498 198 300 1515 25 Ambivali 525 255 270 1059 26 Dhamani 192 89 103 1157 27 Chinchavali 2702 1372 1330 969 28 Vadavali 4022 1944 2078 1069

TOTAL 27012 13991 13021 931


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11 Vinegaon 620 11 1.8 389 62.7 12 Isambe 447 0 0.0 223 49.9 13 Nadode 618 120 19.4 137 22.2 14 Nimbode 795 84 10.6 426 53.6 15 Anjrun 452 0 0.0 77 17.0 16 Kumbhivali 1132 0 0.0 403 35.6 17 Sajgaon 1270 204 16.1 25 2.0 18 Parkhande 383 0 0.0 135 35.2 19 Donvat 676 0 0.0 257 38.0 20 Padale 228 0 0.0 112 49.1 21 Ghote 380 0 0.0 343 90.3 22 Koproli 252 0 0.0 0 0.0 23 Vanwali 438 0 0.0 0 0.0 24 Savroli 498 0 0.0 0 0.0 25 Ambivali 525 0 0.0 112 21.3 26 Dhamani 192 0 0.0 0 0.0 27 Chinchavali 2702 180 6.7 32 1.2 28 Vadavali 4022 0 0.0 8 0.2

TOTAL 27012 815 3.0 3645 13.5

The total population of SC’s is 815 in total population of 27012 i.e, 3% of the total

population while there are 3645 ie 13.5% STs in the study area as reflected by the Table

3.18 (B). The population and sex ratio among SCs and STs is given in Table 3.19.

Table No. 3.19 Population and sex ratio among SC’s and ST’s

Sr. No.

Village Population Sex ratio

SC’s ST’s SC’s ST’s

Male Female Male Female 1 Vasheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Ajivali 33 24 4 5 727 1250 3 Lodhivali 14 11 92 102 785 1108 4 Morbe 0 0 109 91 0 834 5 Pali Kh. 0 0 8 8 0 1000 6 Sarang 67 59 42 40 880 952 7 Vayal 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 Kambe 3 2 0 0 666 0 9 Vanivali 1 2 0 0 2000 0 10 Kalote Mokashi 0 0 229 236 0 1030 11 Vinegaon 5 6 198 191 1200 964


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12 Isambe 0 0 123 100 0 813 13 Nadode 62 58 69 68 935 985 14 Nimbode 42 42 224 202 1000 901 15 Anjrun 0 0 45 32 0 711 16 Kumbhivali 0 0 223 180 0 807 17 Sajgaon 108 96 15 10 888 666. 18 Parkhande 0 0 63 72 0 1142 19 Donvat 0 0 120 137 0 1141 20 Padale 0 0 65 47 0 723 21 Ghote 0 0 173 170 0 982 22 Koproli 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 Vanwali 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 Savroli 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 Ambivali 0 0 53 59 0 1113. 26 Dhamani 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 Chinchavali 94 86 17 15 914 882 28 Vadavali 0 0 4 4 0 1000

TOTAL 429 386 1876 1769 899 942

The Table 3.19 reflects that the highest sex ratio among SCs in the study area is in village

Vanivli 2000 while highest sex ratio among STs is in the village Parkhande 1142.The

population in the study area in the age group 0-6 years along with sex ratio is given in

Table 3.20.

Table No. 3.20 Population in the study area (0-6 years) age group

Sr. No. Village Children Total Male Total Female Sex Ratio 1 Vasheni 387 198 189 955 2 Ajivali 185 101 84 832 3 Lodhivali 430 231 199 861 4 Morbe 105 48 57 1188 5 Pali Kh. 31 16 15 938 6 Sarang 64 37 27 730 7 Vayal 98 55 43 782 8 Kambe 85 50 35 700 9 Vanivali 72 34 38 1118 10 Kalote Mokashi 213 117 96 821 11 Vinegaon 107 57 50 877 12 Isambe 65 30 35 1167 13 Nadode 105 55 50 909


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Sr. No. Village Children Total Male Total Female Sex Ratio 14 Nimbode 123 69 54 783 15 Anjrun 60 30 30 1000 16 Kumbhivali 142 74 68 919 17 Sajgaon 207 108 99 917 18 Parkhande 52 26 26 1000 19 Donvat 95 44 51 1159 20 Padale 41 26 15 577 21 Ghote 70 38 32 842 22 Koproli 34 20 14 700 23 Vanwali 47 28 19 679 24 Savroli 88 37 51 1378 25 Ambivali 83 48 35 729 26 Dhamani 42 22 20 909 27 Chinchavali 378 189 189 1000 28 Vadavali 600 293 307 1048

TOTAL 4009 2081 1928 926

The Table 3.20 reflects that the total males and females under 0-6 age group are 2081 and

1928 respectively. The females and males constitute 49% and 51 % of the total persons (0-6

age group) 4009 respectively and sex ratio was found to be 926.

The number of household population and household size is given in Table 3.21

Table No. 3.21 Number of Household Population and Household Size

Sr. No. Village No. of households

Population Size

1 Vasheni 575 2728 4.7 2 Ajivali 285 1248 4.4 3 Lodhivali 575 2384 4.1 4 Morbe 120 563 4.7 5 Pali Kh. 46 249 5.4 6 Sarang 109 531 4.9 7 Vayal 137 764 5.6 8 Kambe 123 652 5.3 9 Vanivali 165 773 4.7

10 Kalote Mokashi 307 1490 4.9 11 Vinegaon 130 620 4.8 12 Isambe 91 447 4.9


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13 Nadode 123 618 5.0 14 Nimbode 172 795 4.6 15 Anjrun 81 452 5.6 16 Kumbhivali 241 1132 4.7 17 Sajgaon 302 1270 4.2 18 Parkhande 84 383 4.6 19 Donvat 140 676 4.8 20 Padale 44 228 5.2 21 Ghote 79 380 4.8 22 Koproli 65 252 3.9 23 Vanwali 85 438 5.2 24 Savroli 124 498 4.0 25 Ambivali 132 525 4.0 26 Dhamani 39 192 4.9 27 Chinchavali 580 2702 4.7 28 Vadavali 769 4022 5.2 TOTAL 4954 27012 5.5

The Table 3.20 reflects that 27012 of total population lives in 4954 households. The

average household size is 5.5

Population Distribution: The percentile distribution of population is given below in Chart 5.

Total population consists of 52 % male and 48 % female, In ST population there is 51%

male and 49% female and in SC population there is 52 % male and 48 % female.

Chart 5: Percentile Distribution of Male-Female Population


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Literacy Rate

Educational status of population of the study area is poor as illiterate population is greater

than the literate population. Detailed literacy pattern and educational Facilities of the study

area is included in Table 3.22 below:

Table No. 3.22 Literacy & Illiteracy rate of the Study Area

Sl. No

Name of Village Population

literate Male

Literate Female literate

Population Illiterate

Male Illiterate

Female Illiterate

1 Vasheni 1874 1075 799 854 274 580

2 Ajivali 958 543 415 290 128 162

3 Lodhivali 1816 981 835 568 271 297

4 Morbe 306 184 122 257 95 162

5 Pali Kh. 157 86 71 92 36 56

6 Sarang 299 173 126 232 100 132

7 Vayal 518 276 242 246 93 153

8 Kambe 467 271 196 185 81 104

9 Vanivali 622 515 107 151 55 96

10 Kalote Mokashi 777 493 284 713 304 409

11 Vinegaon 343 235 108 277 108 169

12 Isambe 239 142 97 208 93 115

13 Nadode 407 221 186 211 80 131

14 Nimbode 390 231 159 405 180 225

15 Anjrun 288 172 116 164 63 101

16 Kumbhivali 649 414 235 483 227 256

17 Sajgaon 921 562 359 349 161 188

18 Parkhande 207 121 86 176 72 104

19 Donvat 382 242 140 294 117 177

20 Padale 66 42 24 162 82 80

21 Ghote 101 61 40 279 131 148

22 Koproli 194 102 92 58 21 37

23 Vanwali 324 183 141 114 36 78

24 Savroli 241 122 119 257 76 181

25 Ambivali 277 160 117 248 95 153

26 Dhamani 116 58 58 76 31 45

27 Chinchavali 1910 1075 835 792 297 495

28 Vadavali 2510 1367 1143 1512 577 935

TOTAL 17359 10107 7252 9653 3884 5769

PERCENTAGE

58 42

40 60


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Chart 6: Literacy & Illiteracy rate

Based on census data and field survey following observations have been drawn:

All villages having medical facilities

Primary Health Sub Centre is available in almost every village.

Drinking water from dug well and hand pump are available in all villages.

The study region is well facilitated with road and rail network.

Table No. 3.23 Educational Facility in the Study Area

Sr. No.

Name of the village

Education Facility

Primary Facility

Secondary SCH

College

1 Vasheni 1 2 0 0 2 Ajivali 1 1 0 0 3 Lodhivali 1 2 0 0 4 Morbe 1 1 0 0 5 Pali Kh. 1 1 0 0 6 Sarang 1 1 0 0 7 Vayal 1 1 0 0 8 Kambe 1 1 0 0 9 Vanivali 1 1 0 0

10 Kalote Mokashi 1 1 0 0


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11 Vinegaon 1 1 0 0 12 Isambe 1 1 0 0 13 Nadode 1 1 0 0 14 Nimbode 1 1 0 0 15 Anjrun 1 1 0 0 16 Kumbhivali 1 1 0 0 17 Sajgaon 1 1 0 0 18 Parkhande 1 1 0 0 19 Donvat 1 1 0 0 20 Padale 2 0 0 0 21 Ghote 1 1 0 0 22 Koproli 1 1 0 0 23 Vanwali 1 1 0 0 24 Savroli 1 1 0 0 25 Ambivali 1 1 0 0 26 Dhamani 1 1 0 0 27 Chinchavali 1 2 0 0 28 Vadavali 1 3 0 0

TOTAL

Occupational structure of Workers

Chart 7 depicts Occupational Structure of the study area. Details of the same have been

given in Table 3.24.

Table No. 3.24 Occupational Structure of Worker Falls in the Study Area

Sr. No.

Name of Village

Worker's Classification Main

Workers Marginal Workers

Non Workers

Total Workers

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

1 Vasheni 469 477 236 294 644 608 705 771 2 Ajivali 358 33 26 15 287 529 384 48 3 Lodhivali 687 95 39 103 526 934 726 198 4 Morbe 134 44 14 16 131 224 148 60 5 Pali Kh. 40 1 22 53 60 73 62 54 6 Sarang 135 40 16 42 122 176 151 82 7 Vayal 180 47 11 146 178 202 191 193 8 Kambe 170 30 69 100 113 170 239 130 9 Vanivali 460 33 17 67 93 103 477 100


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10 Kalote Mokashi 433 148 10 51 354 494 443 199 11 Vinegaon 217 69 14 79 112 129 231 148 12 Isambe 133 89 5 16 97 107 138 105 13 Nadode 145 27 20 62 136 228 165 89 14 Nimbode 256 257 0 2 155 125 256 259 15 Anjrun 96 38 30 34 109 145 126 72 16 Kumbhivali 340 125 1 1 300 365 341 126 17 Sajgaon 383 15 51 13 289 519 434 28 18 Parkhande 67 5 64 109 62 76 131 114 19 Donvat 192 74 7 2 160 241 199 76 20 Padale 48 41 19 20 57 43 67 61 21 Ghote 9 1 105 110 78 77 114 111 22 Koproli 38 16 28 39 57 74 66 55 23 Vanwali 106 69 0 0 113 150 106 69 24 Savroli 63 37 37 131 98 132 100 168 25 Ambivali 122 76 15 23 118 171 137 99 26 Dhamani 42 56 5 3 42 44 47 59 27 Chinchavali 601 171 106 242 665 917 707 413 28 Vadavali 703 89 302 657 939 1332 1005 746

TOTAL 6627 2203 1269 2430 6095 8388 7896 4633

8830 3699 14483 12529

Chart 7: Operational Structure of Study Area


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109

Table No. 3.25 Amenities Facility (Water)

Sl. No.

Name of Village

WATER FACILITIES P & T

FACILITIES COMM.

FACILITY CB

DWF TP WL TK TW HP RV CA LK SP OT PO TO PT

BS RL

1 Vasheni 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

2 Ajivali 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

3 Lodhivali 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

4 Morbe 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

5 Pali Kh. 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 Sarang 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

7 Vayal 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

8 Kambe 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 Vanivali 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

10 Kalote Mokashi 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

11 Vinegaon 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

12 Isambe 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

13 Nadode 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

14 Nimbode 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

15 Anjrun 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

16 Kumbhivali 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

17 Sajgaon 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

18 Parkhande 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

19 Donvat 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

20 Padale 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

21 Ghote 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


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O = Not Available

TP WL TK TW HP RV CV LK PS PO TO PT TC BS RL SP OT

Tap

We

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nk

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e w

ell

Han

d p

um

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ers

Table No. 3.26 Medical Facility in the Study Area

No. Village Name MEDI FAC MCWC MH CWC HC PHC PHSC FWC TBC NH RMP SMP CHW OTH CNTR

1 Vasheni 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 Ajivali 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

3 Lodhivali 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 Morbe 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 Pali Kh. 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

22 Koproli 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

23 Vanwali 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

24 Savroli 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

25 Ambivali 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

1 0 0

26 Dhamani 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 0

27 Chinchavali 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 1 0

28 Vadavali 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

1 0 0


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No. Village Name MEDI FAC MCWC MH CWC HC PHC PHSC FWC TBC NH RMP SMP CHW OTH CNTR

6 Sarang 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 Vayal 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 Kambe 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 Vanivali 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 Kalote Mokashi 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 Vinegaon 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 Isambe 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

13 Nadode 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

14 Nimbode 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

15 Anjrun 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

16 Kumbhivali 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

17 Sajgaon 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

18 Parkhande 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

19 Donvat 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

20 Padale 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

21 Ghote 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

22 Koproli 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

23 Vanwali 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

24 Savroli 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

25 Ambivali 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

26 Dhamani 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

27 Chinchavali 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

28 Vadavali 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0


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112

3.11.4 Land Use Pattern

The land use pattern as per the Census of India is presented in Table 3.25 and the land

use pattern is presented in the form of pie – chart in Figure 3.16. Present land use

based on satellite imagery for the study area of 10 km radius in given in Annexure 8.

Figure No. 3.16 Land use of study area

The land use diagram in the form of pie –chart is shown in Chart 3.6. The pie chart

depicts that the predominant land use is un-irrigated land (16%), followed by Forest

land (12%), total Culturable Waste is (10%) , land under area not under cultivation

(11%) and Irrigated area is (1%) .

Sr. No

Land use Percentage of total area

(approximate) in % 1 Forest Area 12 2 Irrigated Area 1 3 Un-irrigated Area 16 4 Culturable waste 10 5 Area Not Available for

cultivation 11


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Table No. 3.27 Land use Pattern In The Study Area (in Ha)

Sr. No

Name of the Village

Total Area

Forest Area

Irrigated Area

Un-irrigated

area

Culturable Waste

Area Not Available for Cultivation

1 Vasheni 352.00 0.00 0.00 178.38 66.84 106.98 2 Ajivali 154.00 31.00 0.00 100.00 9.00 14.00 3 Lodhivali 384.00 16.00 0.00 138.00 127.60 102.40 4 Morbe 266.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 261.00 5 Pali Kh. 57.00 4.00 0.00 15.00 24.00 14.00 6 Sarang 190.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 84.00 56.00 7 Vayal 176.00 0.00 6.00 45.00 88.00 37.00

8 Kambe 73.00 7.00 0.00 34.00 22.80 9.60 9 Vanivali 86.00 0.00 5.00 12.00 40.00 29.00

10 Kalote Mokashi 957.00 478.00 38.00 83.00 217.00 141.29 11 Vinegaon 180.00 96.00 0.00 36.00 29.98 18.00 12 Isambe 214.00 44.00 0.00 18.00 111.00 41.00 13 Nadode 362.00 74.74 0.00 158.00 64.77 64.83 14 Nimbode 190.00 0.00 0.00 36.00 106.00 47.65

15 Anjrun 118.00 0.00 0.00 65.00 25.00 28.00

16 Kumbhivali 351.00 108.04 0.00 79.68 117.32 46.00

17 Sajgaon 79.00 11.00 0.00 31.18 12.00 25.00

18 Parkhande 403.00 264.00 0.00 75.00 42.00 22.00 19 Donvat 167.00 19.08 16.00 36.00 56.74 39.04

20 Padale 264.00 128.00 10.00 98.00 0.00 28.00

21 Ghote 582.00 277.00 9.00 227.00 0.00 70.00 22 Koproli 64.93 0.00 0.00 53.00 10.39 1.54 23 Vanwali 42.00 0.00 0.00 24.71 5.26 12.36

24 Savroli 235.00 22.61 0.00 152.74 1.02 58.71

25 Ambivali 524.00 176.04 0.00 290.73 0.00 57.66

26 Dhamani 173.00 19.00 0.00 16.00 104.00 34.00

27 Chinchavali 248.00 21.52 20.00 96.48 73.68 36.00

28 Vadavali 552.00 48.00 7.00 162.00 100.00 235.00

Total

7443.93

1845.03 111 2310.9 1543.4 1636.06

Percentage 100 24.79 1.49 31.04 20.73 21.98


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CHAPTER 4 ANTICIPATED

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION

MEASURES

4.1 Identification of Impacts

This chapter deals with the prediction and evaluation of impacts resulting from the

proposed project activity. Any activity making a significant effect is not permissible.

This “significant effect” is required to be neutralized to a level of “insignificance”. This

can be brought about by various tools like: in plant measures, segregation, environment

friendly process and collectively termed as pollution control say by providing Effluent

Treatment Plant (ETP) and Emission Control Equipment’s (ECE) etc.

Predictions are superimposed over baseline environmental status to derive ultimate

environmental scenario. The impact of the existing as well as proposed unit has been

considered and discussed in this chapter.

“Environmental Impact” refers to the alteration of environmental conditions or creation

of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by

the action or set of actions under consideration. Both the beneficial (positive) and

adverse (negative) impacts on various components of environment due to proposed

expansion & modernization are identified, based on the nature of the various activities

associated with the proposed project operations. Environment impact analysis gives an

indication of ways to consider modeling the project to mitigate adverse impacts through

best practicable environmental option or alternate processes.

Based on the present environmental scenario and baseline data, an exercise has been

done to identify and evaluate the impact on the environment of the study area due to

the proposed project.

The proposed project may influence the environment of the area in two phases:


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Construction Phase: During the Construction period, the impact may be temporary or

short term

Operational Phase: During the Operation Phase which may have long term effects

4.1.1 Phase I

All the construction impacts on the environment can be considered short term as

compared to the operational impacts. During construction stage, excavation, material

storage and movement, vehicular movement, mixing operation etc. will generate

fugitive dust pollution and vehicular emissions at the project site.

However, by taking appropriate measures as described in EMP, such impacts will be

minimized.

The following activities among others are likely to contribute towards impacts on the

surroundings during construction phase:

Land Development

Plant Construction

The impacts are likely to primarily affect land use, demography and socio economics,

soil and onsite noise. It could also lead to minor impacts on air and water quality and

ecology. The detailed impacts & mitigation measures have been discussed in the

following sections.

4.1.2 Phase II

Operational phase activities may have impacts minor or major, positive or negative on

environmental discipline such as soils, surface and ground water hydrology, micro

meteorology, land use, water use, water and air quality, ecology, socio economics and

noise environment.

The component wise emissions and its impact are listed below in Table No. 4.1


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Table No. 4.1Component Wise Emission

Environmental Component

Impact

Air emissions Impact on flora and fauna, Impact on soil Impact on surrounding community

Water Pollution Impact on soil due to land discharge of effluent. The impact on surface and ground water bodies due to leachetes te and drain from plant

Noise emissions Impact on community Impact on fauna

Solid Waste Impact on ground water quality Impact on community hygiene Impact on flora & fauna

4.2 Air Pollution

There are three stacks in the existing factory and no new staks are envisaged in

proposed expansion. So there is no increase in Incremental values. Air quality modeling,

since the same has been covered under baseline environmental monitoring.

Suspended Particulate Matter would be the predominant pollutant affecting the air

quality during the construction period. Dust will be generated mainly during excavation,

back filling and hauling operation along with transportation activities.

However, wind-blown dust is not expected to have tangible effects on the air quality of

the area. The vehicular exhausts and other related activities will result in insignificant

rise of pollutants in the air.

4.3 Impact on Soil Environment

Any major construction activity could tend to create changes in the soils of the area.

Excavation work tends to denude the soil and make it loose. Destruction of the soil and

removal of vegetative cover enhances the possibility of soil erosion. However, in this

case the land is in possession of factory and is without any significant vegetation.

The excavated soil and construction materials, such as sand etc. could tend to infiltrate

and clog the inter-granular spaces, leading to decreased permeability, such construction


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impacts would, however, be confined principally to the plant site and thus would be of

localized nature.

Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase

During the construction stage, the following steps will be taken to check the adverse

effect:

All earth work will be completed in such a way so that the soil erosion and

carryover of the materials in other areas are protected.

The packaging materials which may consist of wooden boxes and jute wrappers

will be stored at suitable place and disposed off suitably.

Proper drainage system will be constructed for the waste water generated during

construction period which will be discharged into low land areas and

accumulation of water will be avoided.

Mitigation Measures during Operational Phase

During operation phase the soil will not be affected due to any operation. However, any

percolation of any contaminates into ground water will be prevented by constructing

suitable storage facilities.

4.4 Impact on Water Use

Dujodwala’s has permission to withdraw 146 m3/day of water from Patalgnga River.

Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase

All the units of the proposed project will be made from MS, Steel structures. Hence,

water will be used only for cooling & domestic use only. Compared to the total

availability of ground water, the impact will be intangible even during dry season.


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Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase

Water will be drawn from Patalganga River perennial source of water at a distance of

2.78 km from the site. The permission is already obtained for water drawl.

4.5 Impact on Water Quality

Impacts & Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase

Nominal quantity of water will be used during construction period. Stagnant pools of

water would promote breeding of mosquitoes and generally create unsanitary

conditions. However, adequate arrangements would be made to ensure proper drainage

of wastewater from the construction sites, so that such waters do not form stagnant

pools nor aggravate soil erosion.

The waste water during construction will contain only suspended impurities. The waste

water will be drained into spared own land which will dry up within a month or so. In

no case, this waste water will be allowed to flow outside the premises.

Impacts on Surface Water & Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase

No major impact on surface water quality is envisaged, as all the wastewater generated

from the proposed unit will be treated in the ETP and reused for ash management, dust

suppression and green belt development. Proposed unit will be run on zero discharge

concepts.

4.6 Rainwater Harvesting

The raw water & surface water will be collected through open storm water drain

network. The discharge will then be connected to recharging pit. The collected water

will be allowed to percolate into the ground or recycled. For recycling, the recharging

pit will be connected to sump through filter channel for re-circulation. The necessary

pumps & pipes of the suitable size shall be provided for recycling of retrieved water for

gardening.


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4.7 Impact on Noise Environment

Noise would be an inevitable by-product of the operation. DPL will take all mitigation

measures to control noise pollution. Some methods of noise pollution control are given

below

Noise level can be reduced by stopping leakages from various steam lines,

compressed air lines and other high pressure equipment

By providing padding at various locations to avoid rattling due to vibration

By adopting new technologies for control of noise in various units

Encasement of noise generating equipment where otherwise noise cannot be

controlled

Providing noise proof cabins to operators where remote control for operating noise

generating equipment is feasible.

High noise generating sources will be insulated adequately by providing suitable

enclosures;

Design and layout of building to minimize transmission of noise, segregation of

particular items of plant and to avoid reverberant areas;

Use of lagging with attenuation properties on plant components / installation of

sound attenuation panels around the equipment

Other than the regular maintenance of the various equipment, ear plugs/muffs are

recommended for the personnel working close to the noise generating units;

All the openings like covers, partitions will be designed properly

Inlet and outlet mufflers will be provided which are easy to design and construct.

All rotating items will be well lubricated and provided with enclosures as far as

possible to reduce noise transmission. Extensive vibration monitoring system will

be provided to check and reduce vibrations. Vibration isolators will be provided to

reduce vibration and noise wherever possible;


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4.8 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment

The proposed project is expected to have several positive impacts on demography and

socio-economic condition which are listed below:

Increase in employment opportunities so as people will not migrate outside for

employment.

Increase in literacy rate.

Growth in service sectors

Improvement in prices of indigenous produce and services benefiting local people

such as increase in land value, house rent rates and labour wages.

Improvement in socio-cultural environment of the area.

Improvement in transport, communication, health and educational services.

Increase in employment due to increased business, trade, and commerce and service

sector.

Thus the overall impact on the socio economic environment of the region is expected

to be beneficial for the local population.

Impact on Human Settlements

Due to the requirement of support services to the guest community in the proposed

plant, the host community will be benefited by way of generation of employment

opportunities, increased demand for the local produce and services. Hence, there will be

rise in the income level of the host community.

Impact on Health

As discussed adequate air, water and noise pollution control measures conforming to

the regulatory standards will be provided in the proposed project. The EMP and the

Emergency Preparedness Plans will also be in place to ensure that the probability of

undesired events and consequences are greatly reduced the overall impact on human

health will be insignificant during operation phase.


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121

CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1 Introduction

It is the best practice that the EIA should consider project alternatives and their relative

potential impact on the environment. Alternatives must, however, be both practical and

reasonable, within the overall constraints of the proposed project development.

A project of any nature consists of various activities, which involve men, money and

material. These activities may consume natural resources and discharge wastes, which

are likely to have serious consequence to the environment. A number of alternative

options may be available to carry out many of these activities. An option with least or nil

adverse environment impacts is to be selected. Critical analysis is therefore required for

selection of the right alternative. Alternative Analysis (AA) has been done for critical

aspects of the project.

Dujodwala Products Ltd. has proposed to expand the organic chemical manufacturing

unit within the existing premises which is already in possession of Dujodwala Products

Ltd. While selecting this site Dujodwala’s has considered following factors on the basis

of which the site was finalized.

While setting -up the proposed expansion project following parameters were kept in

consideration.

5.2 Analysis of Site Alternative

A number of factors related to economical operations, land availability, power

availability and environmental aspects are involved in site selection. The important

factors which influence the project site selection are given below:

1) Techno-economic considerations

2) Available infrastructure

3) Environmental considerations


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5.2.1 Techno-Economic Considerations

The techno-economic considerations in the selection of a site are as detailed

below:

Availability of suitable land for proposed project.

Availability of facility for receipt of raw materials such as sugarcane, bagasse etc.

Availability of adequate water for process within reasonable distance.

Suitability of land from topography and geological aspects

No displacement of people.

Availability of construction water and power.

5.2.2 Available Infrastructure

Available Infrastructure considerations in the selection of a site are as detailed

below:

Availability of infrastructure facilities such as State Highway road access to the

proposed project site for ease of transportation of workforce, consumables, plant

equipment’s and fuel etc.,

Facility for interconnection with transmission and distribution systems for

evacuation of power, transportation of sugarcane & sugar also.

Availability of facilities like medical, education, civic amenities and railway station

within a reasonable distance from the site.

5.2.3 Environmental Consideration

Environmental considerations critical to the selection of a site are listed below:

a. Avoiding the use of forest land

b. Minimum use of cultivable land

c. Away from thickly populated town

d. Minimum requirement of cutting of trees


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e. No displacement of people

f. Away from critically polluted area

g. Away from national park and wildlife sanctuaries

h. Away from tiger reserve/Elephant reserve/turtle nestling grounds.

i. Away from core zone of biosphere reserve.

j. Away from Archeological sites.

k. Away from defense installations.

As per above site selection criteria the proposed site is most suitable for set-up the

plant. The salient features of proposed site presented in Table No. 5.1

Table No. 5.1 Salient Features of Site

Project Configuration Proposed expansion of Organic Chemical

Manufacturing Plant of Dujodwala Products Ltd at

Kumbhivali, Khalapur, Dist: Raigad

Source of Raw material Raw material imported from China, Indonesia,

Brazil, Rusia, Vietnam and coal will be purchased

from the local vendor.

Availability of water Dujodwala’s has permission to withdraw 146

m3/day of water from Patalgnga River. Water

permission letter from competent authority

attached as an Annexure-2

Plant Location Village: Kumbhivali, Taluka: Khalapur Dist : Raigad

Latitude: N 18°49’34.76.”

Longitude: E 73°15’34.46”

Nearby towns Khalapur – 2.60 km

Seismic Zone III

Access to site by Road District road

Access to site by Rail Khopoli – 9.8Kms

Access by Air Chhatrapati Shivaji airport, Mumbai – 52Kms

Religious/ Historical Place None

Archeological monuments

within 10Km

None

Reserved Forest within 10Km None


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CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

PROGRAM

This chapter contains technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation

measures and the environmental management plan. It ensures the smooth execution of

EMP and also monitors the changes in the ambient environmental quality due to the

proposed project. It includes laboratory and other facilities monitoring facilities,

environmental parameters to be monitored, data to be analyzed and sampling location

and schedule.

A chemical or process industry in general produces solid, liquid and gaseous wastes,

which are discharged to the environment. The waste product may contain pollutants

which may harm environment. It is the responsibility of the industries to prevent or

minimize the discharges of waste products by adopting suitable control measures in the

factory. The effectiveness of such measures is ascertained by systematic monitoring of

discharges at factory level and at receiving level. Monitoring of various environmental

parameters will be carried out on regular basis to ascertain the following,

i. Pollution status within the plant and in its vicinity.

ii. Generate data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of pollution.

iii. Effectiveness of pollution control measures and control facilities.

iv. To assess environmental impacts.

v. To follow the trend of parameters which have been identified as critical.

6.1 Introduction

Regular monitoring of important and crucial environmental parameters is of immense

importance to assess the status of environment during plant operation. The knowledge

of baseline status and monitored data is an indicator to ascertain for any deterioration


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in environmental conditions due to operation of the plant. Based on these data, suitable

mitigation steps could be taken in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as

important as that of pollution control since the efficiency of control measures can only

be determined by monitoring. The routine monitoring program as indicated below will

be implemented in the industry. A comprehensive monitoring program is suggested.

Meteorology

Meteorological parameters such as wind, atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity

and rain fall shall be monitored.

Gaseous Emissions and Ambient Air Quality

Both ambient air quality and stack emissions shall be monitored for pollutants such as

PM10, PM2.5, NOx and SO2. Monitoring will be done as per CPCB guidelines.

Water and Waste Water Quality

All the effluents emanating from the plant should be monitored for their

physicochemical characteristics and heavy metals. In addition, ground water samples at

downstream and up stream of the compost yard shall be monitored on regular basis.

6.2 Sampling Schedule and Locations

Post Project Monitoring Plan for monitoring waste water and flue gases discharged

from the industry and the environmental parameters including meteorology, quality of

ambient air, ground water and soil is given in Table No.6.1

Table No. 6.1 Post project Monitoring Schedule

Sr.

No. Particulars Location Frequency

1. Ambient Air quality for

PM10,PM2.5,SO2 and NOx

a. 2 samples downwind

direction at 500 m and 1000m

respectively.

b. 1 sample upwind direction

at 500m.

24 hour sample

half yearly


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2. Flue gas from chimney for

flow rate PM ,SO2 and NOx

Sampling port of chimney. Monthly

3. Wind velocity and direction At site Hourly

4. Temperature (max. & min.)

Humidity (max. & Min.)

Rainfall

At site

At site

At site

Daily

Daily

Daily

5. Ground water Within 1 km radius from spent

wash tank and compost yard. 2

locations downward 1 location

upward additional three

locations within 10 km radius

from the site.

Half yearly

6. River water Drinking water

standards

One each at upstream and

downstream

Quarterly

7. Soil Organic and Inorganic

matter

At lands utilizing compost

manure and treated effluent, 3

locations

Pre monsoon

&

Post monsoon.

8. Waste water At site Daily

9. Bio-manure At site Weekly

6.3 Laboratory Facilities

Laboratory is provided with man power and facilities for self-monitoring of pollutants

generated in the industry and also its effects on the receiving soil, water, body and

atmosphere. The list of laboratory facilities to be provided in the industry is given below

For water component

pH, temp, BOD, C.O.D, T.D.S, CL, SO2, PO3 –4, N, Na, K, D.O. etc.

For gases

Velocity, Temp, SPM, SO2, NOX CO and CO2 from the stack. SPM, SO2, NOx, RSPM, from

ambient air

Meteorology

Wind speed and direction, atmospheric pressure, temperature, relative humidity and

rainfall.


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Air Quality

High volume sampler, Meteorological station (continuous), Spectrophotometer (Visible

range), Sound level meter

Water and Soil Quality - Chemical Analysis

pH meter, Conductivity Meter, Turbidity Meter, Dissolved oxygen apparatus, Flame

photometer, Kjeldhal Assembly, Microscope, Muffle Furnace, Soxhlet apparatus, BOD

incubator, COD reflux set, Spectrophotometer,

Bacteriological Analysis

Autoclave, Bacteriological Incubator

General

Distilled water plant, Balances, Magnetic Stirrer, Refrigerator, Drying Oven, Balances,

Centrifuge, A set of chemicals, glass ware and apparatus


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CHAPTER 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 Risk Assessment

It is imperative to conduct risk analysis for all the projects which involves construction

activity, erection of plant and raw material as well as finished product are handled and

transported. The risk assessment is carried out here as the proposed project will

involve construction, digging of land, erection of unit, electrification, transportation and

handling of raw material and finished products. The following have been addressed as

part of the risk analysis.

The section deals with the objective and methodology of carrying out the risk analysis.

Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis discusses about the various types of hazards

associated with the operation of the Plant due to process, storage & handling, human

errors, electric failures and natural calamities. It also presents the calculated

frequencies of occurrence of different accident scenarios for the identified potential

hazard occurrence in the plant and the details of consequence modelling / analysis for

the identified potential accidents/disaster scenarios in the plant.

7.1.1 Objective

The principal objective of the study is to identify the potential hazards from the

proposed facility and estimate the effects of the hazards to people and property within

the vicinity of the plant premises.

The consequences resulting due to accidental release of toxic & flammable gases and

leakage of fuels will provide data for developing strategies to prevent accidents right

from design to operational phase. This will also generate information for formulating a

meaningful Disaster Management Plan (DMP).

A risk analysis is defined as an assessment of the likelihood of a release of HAZMAT

(hazardous materials) and the consequences that may result, based on information

gathered during the hazard identification and vulnerability analyses. Risk analysis


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requires evaluation of existing base and local community plans, response capabilities,

and previous incidents.

In order to determine the risk factor at each facility on the base, the following

information was evaluated:

Procedures for storing, handling, shipping, and transferring of HAZMAT;

Facility information including: physical features and location of storm and

sanitary sewer systems;

Site measures for managing and controlling HAZMAT releases; and,

Base emergency response and preparedness programs.

7.1.2 Methodology

The Risk Analysis Study carried out under the following task heads:

System Study: The system description covers the plant description, storage & handling of

fuels / chemicals, etc.

Hazard Identification: The hazards associated with the proposed organic chemical

Plant have been discussed in terms of material & process hazards.

Frequency of Hazard Occurrence: Based on the available international statistics and

in-house risk database, the frequencies of occurrence for the different accident

scenarios were determined. The frequencies derived from the historical database have

been checked with the possible hazard scenario identified during hazard identification.

Consequence Analysis: : Based on the identified hazards, accident scenarios and the

frequency of occurrence, consequence modelling was carried out for calculating the

spreading distances (zone of influence) or risk distance for Pool fires and Explosions

etc.

Risk Reducing Measures: Necessary risk reducing measures have been suggested

based on the consequence scenarios.

The three main goals of risk assessment are


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Identify risks,

Quantify the impact of the potential threats and

Provide an economic balance between the impact of risk and the cost of the

safeguard

7.1.3 Identification of Risks

For identification of risk due to proposed project, following parameters will be studied.

Raw material and finished product

Process Risk

Operations

Maintenance

Safety

Fire protection

Effluent disposal

A) Risk: Raw Material and Finished Product

There are various chemicals (toxic and flammable), which will be used as raw material

for proposed manufacturing plant. Separate storage area will be provided for these

chemicals and will be handled with at most care following the safety norms for

handling of hazardous chemicals. Material Safety Data Sheets attached as an Annexure

9. Raw material storage area which will be around 7 x 60 m in dimension and will

house the tanks for the following chemicals

Formaldehyde

Phenol

Crude Sulphate of Terpentine

Local Turpentine


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Dipentene fraction of local turpentine

Dipentene fraction of imported turpentine

Finished material storage which will be around 7 x 60 m in dimension and will house

the tanks for the following finished materials:--

Camphene

DRT 5004 (Resin)

DRT 4001 (Resin)

Pure fraction of Turpentine

The plant equipment housing area will be around 30 m x 46 m which will house the

equipments from Ground Floor to the Third (3rd floor)

B). Risk: Process

Mechanical hazards: Mechanical operations such as welding, maintenance,

falling objects etc. - basically those NOT connected to hazardous materials.

Electrical hazards: Electrocution, high voltage levels, short circuit, etc.

C). Risk: Fire incident

Storage area and fuel handling area follow up of standard operating procedures and

regular training on fire fighting. Mock drills of fire fighting, Installation of fire alarm &

proper fire extinguisher. Ensure suitability and adaptability of electrical equipment with

respect to classified hazardous areas and protection against lightening protection and

static charges. Adopting preventive maintenance practices as per testing and inspection.

D). Risk: Solid/ Liquid waste disposal

Particular: Ash generated from plant, solid waste and effluent generated from chemical

unit Standard operating procedures for disposal of ash for bio composting, brick &

cement manufacturing. Effluent will be treated as per regulatory norms and treated


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water will be reused. Regular monitoring will be carried out as per schedule to avoid

any kind of pollution

E). Risk: Health Risk

Hazards waste: The hazardous waste would be sent to CHWTSDF of Trans Thane Creek

Waste Management Association.

F). Risk: Safety risk

Ensure Worker Safety: Periodical SHE training of staff and contractor. Ensuring special

training to develop competent persons to manage specific issues such as safety from the

system, risk assessment, scaffolding, and fire protection, Training will include the

proper use of all equipment operated, safe lifting practices, the location and handling of

fire extinguishers, and the use of personal protective equipment. Ensure good

housekeeping practices (e.g., keeping all walkways clear of debris, cleaning up oil spots

and excess water as soon as they are noticed, and regular inspection and maintenance

of all machinery). Daily collection and separate storage of hazardous and non-hazardous

waste.

7.2 Risk Mitigation Measures

The materials handled at the proposed installation are inflammable and reactive

substances and based on the consequence analysis; the following measures are

suggested as risk mitigation measures.

It should be ensured that combustible materials such as oiled rags, wooden

supports, oil buckets etc. are not kept in the storage and process areas as well as

road tankers loading/unloading sites where there is maximum possibility of

presence of flammable hydrocarbons in large quantities, to reduce the probability

of secondary fires.

Smoke and fire detectors should be suitably located and linked to fire fighting

system to reduce the response time and ensure safe dispersal of vapours before

ignition can occur.


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Training in fire fighting, escape action, operation of emergency switches etc. is

vital.

Emergency procedures should be well rehearsed to achieve state of readiness.

Possibilities, Nature and Effects of Emergency

Leaving aside earthquake, cyclone, flood, arson and sabotage, the possible emergencies

that can arise in the chemical plant due to operations and storages and handling of the

fuels and gases are:

Subsequent fire in the fuel handling area

Accidental release of fly ash

Accidental fire due to some other reasons such as electrical short circuit.

7.3 Disaster Management Plan

Disaster Management Plan (DMP) will consider all the factors responsible for

management of any small or big disaster. Emergency prevention through good design,

operation, maintenance and inspection are essential to reduce the probability of

occurrence. However, certain operation & practices may lead to unwarranted situation

wherein disaster scenario can emerge. The DMP, therefore, addresses to mitigate the

effects of such situation with a view to bring restoration of normality at the earliest. The

overall objective of a disaster management plan is to make use of the combined

resources at the site and outside services to achieve the following:

To localize the emergency and if possible eliminate it.

To minimize the effects of the accident on people and property.

Effect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties;

Safeguard other people, outside the project boundary;

Evacuated people to safe areas;

Inform and collaborate with statutory local and state authorities;


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Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control;

Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent enquiry into the

cause and circumstances of the emergency;

Investigate and take steps to prevent recurrences of similar incidents.

7.3.1 Disaster Control Philosophy

The principal strategy of DMP is "Prevention" of identified major hazards. The

"Identification" of the hazards will employ one or more of the techniques [e.g. Hazard

and Operability Study (HAZOP), accident consequence analysis etc.]. Since these

hazards can occur only in the event of loss of containment, one of the key objectives of

technology selection, project engineering, construction, commissioning and operation is

"Total and Consistent Quality Assurance". The Project Authority will be committed to

this strategy right from the conceptual stage of the plant so that the objective of

prevention can have ample opportunities to mature and be realized in practice.

The DMP or Emergency Preparedness Plan (EPP) will consist of:

On-site Emergency Plan

Off-site Emergency Plan

Disaster Management Plan preparation under the headlines of On-site Emergency Plan

and Off-site Emergency Plan is in consonance with the guidelines laid by the Ministry of

Environment and Forests (MoEF) which states that the "Occupier" of the facility is

responsible for the development of the On-site Emergency Plan. The Off-site Emergency

Plan should be developed by the Government (District Authorities).

7.3.2 On-Site Emergency Plan

Objectives

The objective of the On-site Emergency Plan should be to make maximum use of the

combined resources of the plant and the outside services to

Effect the rescue and treatment of casualties;


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Safeguard other personnel in the premises;

Minimise damage to property and environment;

Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control;

Identify any dead;

Provide for the needs of relatives;

Provide authoritative information to the news media;

Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected areas;

Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent enquiry into the

cause and circumstances of emergency

Action Plans

The Action Plan should consist of

Identification of Key Personnel;

Defining Responsibilities of Key Personnel;

Designating Emergency Control Centres and Assembly Points;

Declaration of Emergency;

Sending All Clear Signal;

Defining actions to be taken by non-key personnel during emergency

Key Personnel

The actions necessary in an emergency will clearly depend upon the prevailing

circumstances. Nevertheless, it is imperative that the required actions are initiated and

directed by nominated people, each having specified responsibilities as part of co-

ordinated plan. Such nominated personnel are known as Key Personnel. The detailed

on-site emergency plan presented in Figure No. 7.1. The Key Personnel are:

Site Controller (SC)


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Incidental Controller (IC)

Liaison and Communication Officer (LCO)

Fire and Security Officer (FSO)

Team Leaders (TL)

Site Controller (SC)

In the emergency situation, decisions have to be taken which may affect the whole or a

substantial part of the plant and even places outside. Many of these decisions will be

taken in collaboration with the other officers at the plant and the staff. It is essential that

the authority to make decision be invested in one individual. In this plan, he is referred

to as the 'Site Controller'. The Plant Manager (however called) or his nominated deputy

will assume responsibility as SC.

Responsibilities of SC

On getting information about emergency, proceed to Main Control Centre;

Call in outside emergency services;

Take control of areas outside the plant, which are affected;

Maintain continuous communication, review situation and assess possible

course of events;

Direct evacuation of nearby settlements, if necessary;

Ensure that casualties are getting enough help;

Arrange for additional medical help and inform relatives;

Incident Controller (IC)

In the emergency situation, someone has to direct the operations in the plant area and

co-ordinate the actions of outside emergency services at the scene of incident. The one

who will shoulder this responsibility is known as 'Incident Controller' in this plan.


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A Senior Operations Officer or an officer of similar rank of the unit may be nominated to

act as the IC.

Responsibilities of IC

Activate emergency procedure such as calling in various teams

Direct all operations within plant with following priorities:

a) Control and contain emergency

b) Secure safety of personnel

c) Minimize damage to plant, property and the environment

d) Minimize loss of material

Direct rescue and repair activities

Guide fire-fighting teams

Arrange to search affected area and rescue trapped persons

Arrange to evacuate non-essential personnel to safe area/assembly point

Set up communications network and establish communication with SC

Arrange for additional help/equipment to key personnel of various teams

Consider need for preserving all records, information for subsequent enquiries

Liaison and Communication Officer (LCO)

Operations Officer or any other officer of deputy rank will work as LCO and will be

stationed at the main entrance during emergency to handle Police, Press and other

enquiries. He will maintain communication with the IC

Responsibilities of LCO

To ensure that casualties receive adequate attention, arrange additional help if

required and inform relatives.


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To control traffic movements into the plant and ensure that alternative transport

is available when need arises.

When emergency is prolonged, arrange for the relief of personnel and organize

refreshments/catering facility.

Advise the Site Controller of the situation, recommending (if necessary)

evacuation of staff from assembly points.

Recruit suitable staff to act as runners between the Incident Controller and

himself if the telephone and other system of communication fail. Maintain contact

with congregation points

In case of a prolonged emergency involving risk to outside areas by windblown

materials contact local meteorological office to receive early notification of

changes in weather conditions

Fire and Safety officer (FSO)

The Fire and Safety Officer will be responsible for firefighting. On hearing the fire alarm

he shall contact the fire station immediately and advise the security staff in the plant

and cancel the alarm. He will also announce on PAS (public Address System) or convey

through telephones or messengers to the SC, IC and LCO about the incident zone. He will

open the gates nearest to the incident and stand by to direct the emergency services. He

will also be responsible for isolation of equipment from the affected zone.

Responsibilities of FSO

Announce over the PAS in which zone the incident has occurred and on the advice

of the Shift Officer informs the staff to evacuate the assembly

Inform the Shift Officer In-charge, if there is any large escape of products Call out

in the following order:

1) Incident Controller or his nominated deputy

2) Maintenance Officer

3) Personnel and Administrative Officer


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4) Departmental Head in whose area the incident occurred

5) Team Leaders (TL)

Team Leaders (TL)

A number of special activities may have to be carried out by specified personnel to

control as well as minimize the damage and loss. For this purpose designated teams

would be available. Each team will be headed by a Team Leader (TL). Following teams

are suggested

Repair Team

Fire Fighting Team

Communication Team

Security Team

Safety Team

Medical Team

Emergency Control Centre

The Emergency Control Centre will be the focal point, in case of an emergency from

where the operations to handle the emergency are directed and coordinated. It will

control site activities.

Emergency management measures in this case have been proposed to be carried from

single control Centre designated as Main Control Centre (MCC)

MCC is the place from which messages to outside agencies will be sent and mutual aids

and other helps for the management of emergency will be arranged. It will be located in

the safe area. It will be equipped with every facility for external and internal

communication, with relevant data, personal protective equipment’s to assist those

manning the centre to enable them to co-ordinate emergency control activities. MCC

will be attended by SC.


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Following facilities would be available in the MCC:

P&T phones, mobile phones, intercoms, and wireless

Fax

Emergency manuals

Blown up area maps

Internal telephone directories

District telephone directories

Emergency lights

Wind direction and speed indicator

Requisite sets of personal protective equipment such as gloves, gumboots and

aprons

MCC will be furnished with call out list of key persons, fire, safety, first aid, medical,

security, police and district administrative authorities. MCC will also contain safety data

pertaining to all hazardous materials likely to cause emergency and well-defined

procedures of firefighting, rescue operations, first aid etc.

Assembly Point

In an emergency, it will certainly be necessary to evacuate personnel from affected

areas and as a precautionary measure, to further evacuate non-essential workers, in the

first instance, from areas likely to be affected, should the emergency escalate. The

evacuation will be effected on getting necessary message from i.e. On evacuation,

employees would be directed to a predetermined safe place called Assembly Point.

Proposed Location: Area opposite to service building will be the Assembly Point where

all non-key personnel would assemble on getting direction over Public-Address System.

Outdoor assembly points, predetermined and premarked, will also be provided to

accommodate evacuees from affected plant area(s). Roll call of personnel collected at

these assembly points, indoor and outdoor will be carried out by roll call crew of safety


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team to account for any missing person(s) and to initiate search and rescue operations

if necessary.

Declaration of Emergency

An emergency may arise in the terminal due to the outbreak of fire/explosion. In case of

major leak or major outbreak of fire the state of emergency has to be declared by the

concerned by sounding Emergency Siren.

Upon manual or sensor detection of a major loss of containment of volatile hazardous

substance, the DMP is activated by raising an audible and visual alarm through a

network of geographically dispersed gas/vapour and heat detectors and also "break

glass" type fire alarm call points with telephone handsets to inform the Central Control

Room.

A separate siren audible to a distance of 5 km range will be available for this purpose.

The alarm is coded such that the nature of emergency can be distinguished as a leakage

or major fire.

The Control Centre and Assembly point will be located at an area of the minimum risk

or vulnerability in the premises concerned, taking into account the wind direction, areas

which might be affected by fire/explosion, leakage etc.

After cessation of emergency, FSO will communicate to IC. After verification of status, IC

will communicate with SC and then announce the "All Clear" by instructing the Time

Office to sound the "All Clear Signal".

Alarms would be followed by an announcement over Public Address System (PAS).In

case of failure of alarm system, communication would be' by telephone operator who

will make announcement in the complex through PAS. Walkie-talkie system is very

useful for communication during emergency with predetermined codes of

communication. If everything fails, a messenger could be used for sending the

information.


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Two 5 km, range variable pitch electric sirens (one in service and the other standby)will

generate the main alarm for the entire site as well as for the district fire brigade. The

alarm is coded such that the nature of emergency can be distinguished as a leakage or

major fire. Fire and Gas alarm matrices are provided at the Central Control room,

security gate, on-site fire station and main administrative office corridor to indicate

location of the site of emergency and its nature.

Mutual Aid

Procedure: All factories may not be equipped with an exhaustive stock of

equipment/materials required during an emergency. Further, there may be a need to

augment supplies if an emergency is prolonged.

It would be ideal to pool all resources available in and nearby outside agencies

especially factories during an emergency, for which a formal Mutual Aid scheme should

be made among industries in the region.

Essential Elements

Essential elements of this scheme are given below:

Mutual aid must be a written document, signed by Location In-charge of all the

industries concerned

It should specify available quantity of materials/ equipment that can be spared

(not that which are in stock)

Mode of requisition during an emergency.

It should authorize the shift-in-charge to quickly deploy available

material/equipment without waiting for formalities like gate pass etc.

It should spell out mode of payment/replacement of material given during an

emergency

It should specify key personnel who are authorized to requisition materials from

other industries or who can send materials to other industries


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It should state clearly mode of receipt of materials at the affected unit without

waiting for quantity/quality verification etc.

Revision number and validity of agreement should be mentioned

This may be updated from time to time based on experience gained

Emergency Management Training: The Key Personnel would undergo special courses

on disaster management. This may preferably be in-plant training. The Managers,

Senior Officers and Staff would undergo a course on the use of personal protective

equipment.

The Key Personnel belonging to various Teams would undergo special courses as per

their expected nature of work at the time of emergency.

The plant management should conduct special courses to outside agencies like district

fire services to make them familiar with the plant layout and other aspects, which will

be helpful to them during an emergency.

Mock Drills: It is imperative that the procedures laid in this Plan are put to the test by

conducting Mock Drills. To avoid any lethality, the emergency response time would be

clocked below 2 minutes during the mock drill.

1st Step: Test the effectiveness of communication system

2nd Step: Test the speed of mobilization of the plant emergency teams

3rd Step: Test the effectiveness of search, rescue and treatment of casualties

4th Step: Test emergency isolation and shut down and remedial measures taken on the

system

5th Step: Conduct a full rehearsal of all the actions to be taken during an emergency

The Disaster Management Plan would be periodically revised based on experiences

gained from the mock drills.


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Proposed Communication System: The instrument and control system will take care

of the following operating philosophy of the plant:

The project will be provided with a control system located in a central control

room.

The shift engineer will operate the plant from his console panel.

All operations will be represented in a graphic panel on the console and every

operation will be depicted as operating sequences.

All operating parameters will be displayed in digital format.

Alarms will be provided for all parameters, when they exceed set values.

High-High/Low-Low alarms and trip functions will be provided to trip

Pumps/compressors to bring the entire system to a safe shutdown.

Proposed Fire Fighting System

Elaborate firefighting system will be available for fighting fires in any corner of the

plant. A comprehensive fire detection and protection system is envisaged for the

complete power station.

Fire water storage tanks of adequate capacity.

Fire water pump house containing combination of diesel and electrically driven

pumps.

Hydrant system complete with suitable size piping, valves, instrumentation, hoses,

nozzles, hose boxes/stations, monitors etc.

Automatic high velocity water spray system consisting of detectors, deluge valves

projectors, valves, piping and instrumentation.

Automatic medium velocity water spray system consisting of QB

Detectors/smoke detectors, linear heat sensing cable detectors, deluge valves,

isolation valves, nozzles, piping, instrumentation etc.


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Portable and mobile extinguishers, such as pressurized water type, carbon dioxide

type, foam type, dry chemical powder (DCP) type located at strategic locations

throughout the plant.

Fire tenders/engines of water type, DCP type/foam type, trailer pump with fire

jeep etc. provided in the fire station.

Complete instrumentation and control system for the entire fire detection and

protection system for safe operation of the complete system.

Other safety Measures: Considering that fire and explosion is the most likely hazard in

such installations, the plant is being provided with systems to guard against such

hazards. Salient among these are:

A proper layout to prevent and minimize the effects of any hazardous situation

Design of storage vessels and all components to codes and standards to withstand

the rigorous duty

Provision of operating systems to conduct the process through well-established

safe operating procedures

A control system, which monitors all, plant parameters and give alarms

Control system, which has trip provisions to prevent hazard conditions escalating

A gas detection system which will provide early warning of any leaks

Provision of a fire protection system to control fire

Provision of flame-proof lighting system in the fire prone areas

Proposed First Aid and Medical Facilities: The First Aid Medical Centre has been

proposed. It will be fully equipped with emergency facilities. It will be open round the

clock. A Medical Officer with Compounder will always be available in the centre.

Emergency cars will be available in all the shifts. Adequate number of first aid boxes will

be kept at strategic locations. Required stock of first aid medicines will be maintained.

Trained first aiders will be available in all departments.


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Facilities to be kept in the Medical Room along with others will include: Oxygen

Cylinders, Injection Corarnine, Glucose Saline, LV. Sets, Syringes, Injection Needles,

Stretchers and medicines.

Proposed Emergency Power Supply: Strategic areas will be provided with emergency

lights fed through stationed battery system. Portable emergency lamps will be also

available at required points. A Diesel Driven Generator of adequate capacity will be

available to keep the operations running in case of power failure. Diesel Engine

operated fire pumps will be available.


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Figure No.7.1. Schematic Flow Chart for On-Site Emergency Plan

7.4 Off-Site Emergency Plan

Objective

If the effects of the accident or disaster inside the plant are felt outside its premises, it

calls for an off-site emergency plan, which should be prepared and documented in

advance in consultation with the District Authorities. The detail of off-site emergency

plan presented in Figure No.7.2.

SITE

CONTROLLE

R

EMERGENCY

CONTROL

SAFETY OFFICER

INCIDENT

CONTROLLER

RAIL/ROAD

INCIDENT

CONTROLLER FOR

OPERATIONS

EMERGENCY

COORDINATOR

(RESCUE,FIRE

FIGHTING)

EMERGENCY

COORDINATOR

(Medical Mutual Aid,

Transport &

Communication)

Emergency

coordinator (essential

services)

SHIFT INCHARGE

SHIFT INCHARGE

SHIFT INCHARGE

OPERATOR

OPERATOR

SECURITY PERSONNEL

FIRST AID

TRANSPORT,DRIVER

TELEPHONE

OPERATOR

ELECTRICIAN PUMP

OPERATOR


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Key Personnel

The ultimate responsibility for the management of the off-site emergencies rests on the

Collector / District Magistrate / Deputy Commissioner. He will be assisted by

representatives from all concerned organisations, departments and services at the

District level. This core group of officers would be called the District Crisis Management

Group (CMG). The members of the group will include:

1) Collector/District Magistrate Deputy Commissioner

2) Commissioner of Police

3) Municipal Commissioner, if municipalities are involved

4) Deputy Director, Health

5) Pollution Control Board Representative

An Operation Response Group (ORG) will then be constituted to implement the

directives of the CMG.

The various government departments, some or all of which will be concerned,

depending on the nature of the emergency, could include Police, Health & Family

Welfare, Medical, Revenue, Fire Service, Transport, Electricity, Animal Husbandry,

Agriculture, Civil Defense, PWD, Civil Supplies, Panchayats.

The SC and IC, of the on-site emergency team, will also be responsible for

communications with the CMG during the off-site emergency.

Education to Public

People living within the influence zone should be educated how to tackle emergency

plan. This can be achieved only through the Local and District Authorities. However, the

Project Authority can extend necessary information to the Authorities.

Figure No.7.2. Schematic Flow Chart for Off-Site Emergency Plan


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7.5 Public Hearing

Public Hearing was conducted on 11th September 2014 at Vishvaniketan, Institute of

Management Entrepreneurship & Technology, Savroli Kharpada Road, Kumbhivali, Raigad. Mr.

Satish Bagal (Additional District Magistrate, Raigad ) was chairman of the committee. The

public hearing was conducted successfully. Various questions asked by participants were

answered satisfactorily. Representatives from local villages mentioned that they have benefited

from operation of the plant and welcome the proposed expansion. The minutes of the meeting

are given in Annexure No. 10 The glimpses of the same are shown in Figure No. 7. 3.


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Figure No. 7.3 Glimpses of the Public Hearing


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List of Attendees for the Public Hearing


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CHAPTER 8 PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 Introduction

Project benefit focused on those points which become beneficial to the surrounding

area or community in terms of infrastructural development, Social development,

boosting employment and other tangible benefits due to upcoming or proposed

activities in form side benefits. The proposed project expansion has a potential for

employment of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled employees during construction phase

as well as operational phase. Followings are benefits that surrounding area will get due

to the proposed project.

8.2 Improvement in the Physical Infrastructure

The proposed expansion project is expected to yield a positive impact on the socio-

economic environment. It helps in sustainable development of this area including

further development of physical Infrastructural facilities. The following physical

infrastructure facilities will improve due to proposed project.

Road Transport facilities

Educational facilities

Water supply and sanitation

8.3 Improvement in Social Infrastructure

This Project will improve the social infrastructure of this area.

The proposed expansion project will lead to indirect employment opportunity.

Employment is expected during civil construction period, in trade, garbage lifting,

sanitation, afforestation works and other ancillary services. Employment in these

sectors will be primarily temporary or contractual and involvement of unskilled labour

will be more. A major part of this labour force will be mainly from local villagers who


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are expected to engage themselves both in agriculture and project activities. This will

enhance their income and lead to overall economic growth of the area.

The project will have a strong positive employment and income effect, both direct as

well as indirect because of better indirect employment opportunities due to this

project.

The project is going to have positive impact on consumption behaviour by way of

raising average consumption and income through multiplier effect. The following

changes in socio-economic status are expected to take place with this project. People

perceive that the project will help in the development of social infrastructures/such as.

Education facilities

Banking facilities

Post offices and Communication facilities

Medical facilities

Recreation facilities

Business establishments

8.4 Other Tangible Benefits

The proposed project is likely to have other tangible benefits as given below.

Indirect employment opportunities to local people in contractual works like

housing construction, transportations, sanitation, for supply of goods and

services to the project and other community services

Additional housing demand for rental accommodation will increase

Market and business establishment facilities will also increase

Cultural, recreation and aesthetic facilities will also improve

Improvement in communication, transport, education, community

development and medical facilities

The project will contribute additional revenue to the State and Central

exchequer in the form different kind of taxes


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Surrounding villages and area will get unique identity in the map due to the

development of the project as the outside people come here will focus to

surrounding village to reach there

8.5 Employment Potential – Skilled, Semi-Skilled and Unskilled

The industry and its supporting activity need many types of people right from

manual to managerial strength, in a pyramid. The raw material growing may need

unskilled workers with people on tractors and tractor repairers as skilled ones. So in

manufacturing activity all three types i.e. skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled people

are required. The overall potential including loading-unloading actions, eateries, and

small shop owners is substantial.

The local people can get a good share out of this. In the factory, science and

technology prevails and there some outsiders will have to be engaged at least for

the time being. If the second generation local people acquire that skill, they too will

be able to fill the gap and accrue benefit of higher jobs.


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CHAPTER 9 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

PLAN

9.1 Introduction

In view of the global concept of sustainable development, Environment Management is

a crucial segment of Industrial Management. Apart from the social obligation, the

industries are required to meet a series of statutory norms laid by Government bodies.

Better environment management means less waste generation, better resources

management leading to cost savings. Further, it gives a better public image. Therefore,

preparation of Environmental Management Plan is a must to fulfill bifocal aspect of the

statutory compliance as well as that of social concern. The objective of Environment

Management Plan (EMP) is to conserve resources, minimize waste generation,

treatment of wastes and protect natural properties. Environmental Management Plan

(EMP) has been prepared on the basis of existing environmental status of the project

location and the expected impacts of the project activities on environment

The management of the Dujodwala’s will take all the necessary steps to control and

mitigate the environmental pollution in the designing stage of the project. While

implementing the project Dujodwala’s will follow guidelines specified by CPCB under

the Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP) for organic chemical

plants. The EMP task will likely be administered by the “Health, Safety and

Environment (HSE) Department”, who will have the authority where necessary to “stop

the job” if an environmentally detrimental activity is being conducted.

The EMP operation/implementation will be the responsibility of the “HSE Officer”, who

will be coordinating, arranging the collection and reporting of the results of all

emissions, ambient air quality, noise and water quality monitoring.

Water needs of proposed expansion plant may be reasonably low, but generally this

resource is declining. Thus, on one hand one should use it less and on the other the

source should not be left polluted for others. Air environment needs to be continuously


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managed, because man needs inhalation every moment, so also is Flora and Fauna

dependent on it. The biological aspects, soil and ground water are all interdependent.

Thus, there is a need of proper environmental management and a conscious plan for it.

It is mandatory for the industry to submit Environmental Statement to State Pollution

Control Board as per Environment (Protection), Amendment Rule, 1993 for the

previous financial year ending 31st March on or before 30th September every .

To draw a rigid EMP is especially important because, Due to the increase in demand of

camphor at present a large quantity of this material is being imported hence the

expansion is being planned to meet the requirement.

Fly ash and bottom ash will be sent to cement manufacturers

Effluent remaining is further used for green belt development & agricultural

purposes.

9.2 Objectives of Environmental Management Plan

To define the components of environmental management.

To prepare an environmental hierarchy.

To prepare a checklist for statutory compliance.

To prepare environmental organization.

To prepare a schedule for monitoring and compliance.

9.3 Checklist of Statutory Obligations

There are a number of environmental statutes required to be attained by the industries.

Dujodwala’s shall obey the provisions of all relevant Acts, Rules, Notifications and

Orders.

The checklist of these obligations, which facilitates the obedience of the laws of land are

given below :

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974;


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Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977;

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981;

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986;

Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986;

Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2003;

EIA Notification’2006.

9.4 Environmental Management Cell (EMC)

An Environment Management Cell shall be developed by an effective mixing of a group

of technical experts from various departments of the project to look after the all

obligatory requirements and shall be responsible for the effective implementation of all

environmental pollution control measures.

The cell shall be headed by the Plant In charge as shown in Figure No. 9.1 There should

be one SHE manager, who will report to plant in charge and will be assisted by chemist

environment and environment & safety officer.

Figure No. 9.1 Environment Management Cell

Plant In charge

Plant Manager

SHE Manager

Environment &

Safety Officer

Chemist-

Environment


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9.5 Construction Phase Environment Management

9.5.1 Site Preparation

The development of site for erections of plant structure, office building & other allied

activities shall require careful management planning as the construction activities shall

be located in plain barren land owned by the project proponent. Therefore, construction

site development process should incorporate certain precautions. It is necessary to

control the dust nuisance that would be created by excavation, leveling and

transportation activities so that impacts on the various components of environment

would be minimized.

9.5.2 Noise

Though level of construction activities shall not be very high, still some specific sources

of noise like welding, transportation, movement of earth movers, tractors, concrete or

asphalt mixing etc. should be carried out in a controlled manner. Neither the plant nor

the construction workers should be exposed to excessive noise levels.

9.5.3 Construction Equipment and Waste

Transport vehicles as well as transport routes should be properly maintained during

whole construction phase to minimize smoke / dust emission from vehicle exhausts and

unpaved roads. Composite solid wastes including metal scrape, earthwork, other

wastes, getting generated in construction process should be disposed off in safe manner.

Certain hazardous waste materials, though the requirement of such materials shall be

small, should be stored safely and be disposed off properly.

9.5.4 Site Security

Construction site has a potential hazardous environment. To ensure that the local

inhabitants and stray cattle are not exposed to these hazards, the site shall be secured

by fencing and manned entry points. It will be fully illuminated during nighttime.


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9.6 Operational Phase Air Environment Management

The monitored ambient air quality has been found to be very much within the norms

established by the regulating agency such as Central Pollution Control Board. However,

to maintain the existing status and minimize the impact due to the proposed project

operations the following steps would be initiated for a better air environment:

The emission characteristics should also be monitored regularly.

At plant periphery as well as in-between spaces, recommended plant species

should be grown in a manner that such small green patches act as a part of green

belt to trap dust being emitted from fuel combustion and /or fugitive sources and

also attenuate the other gaseous pollutants.

The control of fugitive emission such as hydrocarbons from DG sets, process

units/storage, the following measures are recommended:

o Proper maintenance and clearing of the roads inside the plant to avoid excess

fugitive dust generation

o Raw materials and ash disposal trucks should be covered to stop dust

emission

o Monitor the consented parameters at ambient station.

o Monitor the work zone at various stations to satisfy the corporate

requirements for health and environment.

9.7 Operational Phase Noise Environment Management

The design features provided to ensure low noise levels are as given below:

All rotating items will be well lubricated and provided with enclosures as far as

possible to reduce noise transmission. Vibration isolators will be provided to

reduce vibration and noise wherever possible

Manufacturers and suppliers of machine/equipment like cane handling

equipment’s i.e. crusher, kicker, roller, Truck Tippler, Belt Conveyor, Vacuum

Pans, turbines and generators will be manufactured as per OSHA/MoEF

guidelines.


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The insulation will be provided to reduce noise.

The personnel safety such as ear muffs, ear plugs and industrial helmets will

also act as a noise reducers

Layouts of equipment foundations and structures will be designed keeping in

view the requirement of noise abatement;

Central control room(s) provided for operation and supervision of plant and

equipment will be air-conditioned, glass fiber insulated frames which will help in

reducing noise levels. Necessary enclosures will also be provided on the working

platforms/areas to reduce the noise levels ;

The workers working in the high noise areas like compressor houses, crushers,

blowers, generators, steam generation plant and turbo generator area will be

provided with ear muffs/ear plugs

Acoustic laggings and silencers will be provided in equipment wherever

necessary. The compressed air station will be provided with suction side

silencers. Ventilation fans will be installed in enclosed premises

Supply ducts and grills on the ventilation and air conditioning system will be

suitably sized for minimum noise level

The silencers and mufflers of the individual machines will be regularly checked

The noise level will not exceed the permissible limit 75 dB (A) during the day

time 70 dB (A) night time within the plant premises. Green belt around the plant

area will reduce the noise level further.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) System for evaluation

of exposure of noise pollution on the associated staff and comparing it with

permissible exposure and subsequently taking corrective actions will be

developed.

The adoption of the above measures, it is anticipated that noise levels will be

maintained in 45-50 dB (A) range at the boundary of the plant premises. Earth

mounds and plantations on the periphery of the plant would further attenuate

noise level.


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9.8 Ash Evacuation System

The ash generated from the boiler shall be collected separately and taken to a common

ash silo system for disposal.

9.8.1 Fly Ash Handling System

The 10TPH boiler will utilize Indonesian coal with average ash content of about 5% to

10%. The control equipment preceding the stack shall be dust collector with wet

scrubber type. The emissions control system provided will be of air pre-heater heat

recovery unit

9.8.2 Ash Utilization/Management System

As per the MoEF notification dated on 3rd April 2007 S.O.513 (E) on fly ash utilization,

as per the item (2) under the responsibility of organic chemical plant fly ash shall not at

any time store more than three months in their storage/ ash pond.

Fly ash generated from the organic chemical plant will be commercially utilized, to the

extent possible, in one or more of the following industries: (i) cement, (ii) brick, (iii) fly

ash, (iv) road making and paving, (v) agriculture (soil conditioner), (vi) back filling and

(vii) any other industry that is technically feasible. Apart from these uses, fly ash can

be used for the construction of ash- pond dyke, reclamation of low-lying areas.

Basic technology, as well as initial expert advice for using fly ash in making

bricks and cement blocks, will be provided to local brick and cement block

makers free of charge.

The state government will be requested to provide certain financial incentives

to brick and cement block makers, and to ensure the use of fly ash building

materials in public works projects to the fullest possible extent. The state

government can be requested to provide valuable assistance by creating ash

depots under its auspices.

9.8.3 Solid /Hazardous Waste Management

Solid Waste: Solid by-products such as resin residue, fly ashare generated as process

waste products (byproducts) from the industry. Fly ash from the use of coal for Boiler


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shall be given to the cement manufacturers. The hazardous waste would be sent to

CHWTSDF of Trans Thane Creek Waste Management Association.

Details of solid waste generation and management presented Table 9.1

Table No. 9.1 Solid Waste Generation Details of Proposed and Existing Plant

9.8.4 Water and Wastewater Management

An effluent management plan will be implemented with collection, treatment,

recirculation and disposal of effluents. The various plans proposed are given below.

Recirculation of treated effluent in firewater storage tanks

Recirculation of effluents from coal dust extraction and suppression systems

(after setting in settling tanks) and service water system (after treatment in plate

separator / tube settlers).

Rain water will be collected from roof tops and will be recharged through a

rainwater recharge tank.

Storm rain water drainage will be routed through a silting tank, for arresting of

silt. Storm water will be used during the rains for the purpose of the plant water

requirement.

The sewage from plant will be directed to STP. The capacity of STP will be adequate and

the treated effluent would be utilized in greenbelt development. The project would also

Name of the hazardous waste Quantity

(MT) / year Disposal

Resin Residue 0.5 CHWTSDF ETP Sludge 2.05 CHWTSDF *Fly ash from the use of coal for 10TPH Boiler




Copper based catalyst 3 CHWTSDF Titanium based catalyst 1 CHWTSDF Indian catalyst 0.5 CHWTSDF Contaminated filter cloth 0.25 CHWTSDF Discarded containers 500 nos Cleaned / washed &

reused.


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not lead to water pollution since the effluents generated shall be treated in suitably

upgraded existing Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) based on Krofta process and the

water from ETP shall transported onwards to Patalganga CETP by tankers. Currently

also similar practice is adopted. The schematic diagram of proposed and existing ETP is

shown in figure 9.2 and 9.3 respectively.

The expected quality of the treated effluent will meet the Inland surface and land

disposal water quality standards and is presented in Table 9.2.

Table No. 9.2 Projected Treated Effluent Characteristics

Sr. No Particulars Unit Values 1. COD mg/L 28000 2. BOD mg/L 2 3. TSS mg/L 150 4. Phenols mg/L 200 5. Oil & Grease mg/L 50 6. Total Iron mg/L 6.77 7. Total dissolved solids mg/L 6632


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165

Figure No. 9.2 Schematic diagram of proposed ETP

BAR SCREEN

FINAL TREATED

WATER TANK

THIRD LAMELLA

CLARIFIER

SLUDGE SUMP

SLUDGE DRYING BED

INTERMEDIATE

CLARIFIED WATER

TANK

AERATION TANK

V-288M3

SECONDRY LAMELLA

CLARIFIER

AERATION TANK V-

1458M3

COLLECTION

TANK

PRIM

CLARIFI

ER

PRESSUR

E SAND

FILTER

ACTIVATE

D CARBON

FILTER

UF RO

SLUDGE SUMP

SLUDGE

SUMP

FLOW=100M3/DAY

COD=28000mg/l BOD=2

mg/l TSS= 150

mg/l PHENOL=200mg/l

OILLAND GRAESE=50mg/l

TDS=6635 mg/l

Total iron=6.77 MG/L

FLOW=100M3/DAY

COD=28000mg/l

BOD=2 mg/l

TSS= 150 mg/l

PHENOL=200mg/l

OILLAND GRAESE=50mg/l

TDS=6635 mg/l

Total iron=6.77 MG/L

BLOWER

POLYELELECTROL

DOSING SYSTEM

POLYELELECTROL DOSING

SYSTEM POLYELELECTROLpolyelectr

olyteDOSING SYSTEM


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Figure No. 9.3 Schematic diagram of existing ETP

Secondary

clarifier

Primary

Clarifier

Flash Mixer

Equalization Tank

Equalization Tank

Sand

filter

Carbon

filter

Aeration Tank

Bott

om

slu

dge tow

ard

s

slu

dge B

ed

Oil and grease trap (inlet)

Outlet

Bottom Sludge towards Sludge Bed


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167

9.9 Biological Environment

Special attention is required to maintain green belt in and around the factory premises.

Adequate provisions are to be made to facilitate daily watering of all plants and

lawns. Special attention provided during summer to ensure that the green belt

does not suffer from water shortage.

Development & maintenance of green belt to be considered as a priority issue.

No outside soil/rubble will be brought for site development.

9.10 Land Environment

The impacts on the land environment in this case is again associated with the land

applications of ETP effluent for crop irrigation and green belt development &

maintenance, which has been discussed earlier under water environment component.

However, the construction of green belts, parks, would largely offset the change to the

existing landscape and would provide visual comfort. The improved economy of the

area is expected to cause increased outputs to agriculture, trade and commerce.

As DPL will implement zero wastewater discharge methodology, there would be no

impact due to any wastewater disposal on land.

9.11 Green Belt

Already 7 Hectares of green belt already exists within the extant premises of DPL.

Around 10,000 nos of trees are planned to be planted in factory premises and 10,000

outside the premises.

Features of Green belt

Suitable tree species will be planted in the green belt.

This will act as a noise barrier and would also reduce the air pollution

Plantation will also Improve the aesthetic backdrop of the site


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As far as possible, the species should be indigenous and locally available Species would

be planted.

List of species for Plantation

The Project proponents have proposed a landscape development plan, which includes

planting of flowering and shady trees, shrubs and lawn within the plot. The open spaces

inside the plot will be suitably landscaped and covered with vegetation of indigenous

variety. The list of trees to be planted is as follows-

List of Native Trees suitable for roadside & Garden plantation:

Sr. No. Tree Common Name Scientific Name

1 Shirish Albizia lebbeck

2 Neem Azadiracta indica

3 Maharukh Ailanthus excelsa

4 Nandruk Ficus retusa

5 Satwin Alstonia scholaris

6 Karanj Pongamia pinnata

7 Katesavar Bombax ceiba

8 Kadamb Anthocephallus cadamba

9 Bahava Cassia fistula

10 Bakul Mimusops elengi

11 Parijatak Nyctanthes arbortristis

12 Tamhan Lagerstroemia flosregineae 13 Kunti Murraya paniculata

14 Sita Ashok Saraca asoka

15 Shivan Gmelina arborea

16 Apta, Bauhinia racemosa

17 Pangara Erythrina indica

18 Palas / Flame of the forest Butea monosperma

19 Son chafa Michelia champaca

20 Putranjiva Putranjiva roxburghii

21 Curry leaf / kadipatta Murraya koengii

22 Lemon Citrus Sr. No. Shrub / Climber Scientific name

1. Nirgudi Vitex negundo 2. Adulasa Adhatod avasica 3. White plumbago, Plumbago zeylanica 4. Ber Ziziphus mauritiana 5. Stachytarpheta Stachytarphetasp 6. Takala Cassia tora


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7. Tarwad Cassia auriculata 8. Kusar / ran-jai (Climber) - 9. Sagargota -

10. Krushnakamal Passiflora edulis

9.12 Occupational Safety & Health

All precautionary methods will be adopted by the company to reduce the risk of

exposure of employees to occupational safety and health hazards.

Pre & post medical check-ups will be done of all the employees. Employees will be

regularly examined and the medical records will be maintained for each employee.

Pulmonary function test and periodical medical checkup shall be done once in every

year. The following tests shall be conducted for each worker:

Lung Function Test

Radiology – X-ray

Pulmonary Function Test

Audiometric Test

General clinical examination with emphasis on respiratory system

Pre-employment examinations

Periodical medical examinations at the time of employment and after

completion of employment.

For the safety of workers, personnel protective appliances like hand gloves, goggles,

aprons, ear mufflers, nose mask etc. will be provided. Nose mask will be provided at

places, where there is possibility of dust generation. In high noise generation areas ear

mufflers will be provided for the workmen.

Proper ventilation system will be provided in the process area.

9.13 Socio-Economic Welfare Activities

The operators and workers are to be trained in various aspects of ESH (Environment,

Safety and Health). The managers and officers involved in Environment Management

Cell shall undergo refresher workshop and up-gradation of information on various

environmental issues.


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The management of DPL shall help in promoting the activities related to environmental

awareness in nearby villages.

The proponent shall help in promoting local people for livelihood commensurate with

their will, skill and abilities.

Many other welfare measures will be taken from time to time.

9.14 Environmental Monitoring Schedule

Monitoring of the post project environment is of utmost importance and has legal

requirements. Regular monitoring of the environment helps in assessing the benefits of

implementation of environment management plan. DPL shall adopt an effective

monitoring plan with proper schedule as a step forward to ensure better environment

management practices. Details about Environmental Monitoring Schedule given in the

Chapter-6

9.15 Environmental Budget

Before the commission of the plant the Environment Management Cell will be formed to

take care of environmental issues including plantation. The details are given in Table

no. 9.3.

Table No. 9.3 Budgetary allocation for environmental protection measures

Sr. No.

Name of Activity

Capital Cost (Rs.Lakhs)

Recurring Cost (Rs. Lakhs)

1 Air Pollution Control System 15 5.0 2 Water Pollution Control Systems (E.T.P.) 20 10.0 4 Noise pollution control 3.5 2.0 5 Green Green Belt Development/ Maintenances 4.0 2.5 6 Environmental Monitoring / Environmental

Management 2.0 1.0

7 Solid waste / Hazardous Waste Management 2.0 1.5

8 Occupational Health & Safety 3.5 2.0

TOTAL 50.0 24.0


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CHAPTER 10 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

10.1 Introduction

The Indian chemical industry is among the traditional sectors of the country that play an

integral role in the country’s economic development. This sector forms a part of the basic

goods industry and is a critical input for industrial and agricultural development.

The Indian chemical industry is one of the oldest industries in India and has made immense

contribution to the industrial and agricultural development of India. It encompasses both large

and small-scale units. The fiscal incentives granted to the small-scale units in the mid-1980s

provided the thrust to the growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the

sector. The chemical industry serves the needs of sectors such as textiles, pharma,

petrochemicals, dyes, leather, plastics, paper, printing inks and food stuffs, among others.

M/s Dujodwala Products Ltd.(DPL) located near Khalapur, dist. Raigad, Maharashtra, is

manufacturing Organic chemicals. Now, it plans to expand its plant capacity. As per EIA

notification 2006, and amendments their on such project are considered in category 5(f) of

schedule and requires prior environmental clearance. Environmental Impact Assessment

Report is prepared as a procedure for obtaining prior Environmental Clearance for the

proposed expansion. The environmental Study was undertaken during Post monsoon and

winter season (Oct - Dec 2012) as per EIA guidelines of Ministry of Environment & Forests

(MoEF), New Delhi. The Details of the study carried out is presented in draft EIA report.

10.2 Project Description

Sr. No

Item DESCRIPTION

1. Title of the project

Proposed expansion of Organic Chemical Plant at Kumbhivali, Khalapur Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by Dujodwala Products Ltd.

2. Land acquired The total existing plot area is 20 acres and out of these 5 acres of land required for proposed expansion.

3. Cost of the project

Rs 31 Crore


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4. Proposed facilities

Raw material storage area which will be around 7 x 60 m in dimension & will house the tanks for the following chemicals Formaldehyde Phenol Crude Sulphate of Terpentine Local Turpentine Dipentene fraction of local turpentine Dipentene fraction of imported turpentine

b) Finished material storage which will be around 7 x 60 m in dimension and will house the tanks for the following finished materials :-- Camphene DRT 5004 (Resin) DRT 4001 (Resin) Pure fraction of Turpentine

c) The plant equipment housing area will be around 30 m x 46 m which will house the equipment’s from Ground Floor to the Third (10th floor)

5. Production capacities Sr.

No. Name of the

chemical

Existing capacity

(MT/Month)

Proposed capacity

(MT /month)

1. Alphapinene (95%) N.A 200.00 2. Polyester Resin 125 100.00 3. Phenolic Resin 166.66 800.00 4. Alkyd Resin 25.00 300.00 5. Coating NIL 500.00 6. Rosin Easter 50 150.00 7. Maleic Modified

Resin 25 75.00

8. Phenolic Modified Resin

25 75.00

9. PVC chemicals NIL 500.00 10. Camphene 75 200.00 11. Dipentene 150 350.00 12. Ketonic Resin 25 100.00 13. Polyamide Resin 25 100.00

6. Air Pollution Control Measures Proposed

Dust collector with wet scrubber. State-of-the-art scrubbers will be installed for 10TPH boiler to limit the air pollution. Unloading areas will be provided with water sprinklers to prevent the fugitive dust. Fly ash will be stored in a silo. Fly ash will be given to Cement /brick manufacturers.

7 Power Requirement & Source

New Connected Load – 1645 KW New Maximum demand – 180 KVA MSED

8 Coal 30 MT/Day


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Requirement & Source

Indonesian coal will be procured from the local vendor

9. Waste Water Treatment

The existing ETP consists of the following units :-- Equalization tank. Flash mixer Primary clarifier Secondary clarifier Oil and Grease Trap Aeration tank Outlet tanks Sand filter Carbon filter

The existing ETP will be revamped based on the aforesaid unit operations to cater to an effluent of 100 m3/day Kindly refer Annexure -1 for details. The final treated effluent will be sent to Patalaganga CETP.

10. Solid Hazardous Waste / Hazardous Waste

Name of the hazardous waste

/solid waste

Quantity (MT) /

year

Disposal

Resin Residue 0.5 CHWTSDF of Trans Thane Creek Waste Management Association.

ETP Sludge 2.05 CHWTSDF Trans Thane Creek Waste Management Association.

*Fly ash from the use of coal for 10TPH Boiler




Copper based catalyst 3 CHWTSDF of Trans Thane Creek Waste Management Association.

Titanium based catalyst


Indion catalyst 0.5 CHWTSDF of Trans Thane Creek Waste Management Association.

Contaminated filter 0.25 CHWTSDF of Trans


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cloth Thane Creek Waste Management Association.

Discarded containers 500 nos Cleaned / washed & reused.

11. Green Belt Around 7.5 acres of green belt already exists out of existing 20.5 acres plot area.

12.. Capital Cost & Recurring Cost per annum for Environmental Protection Measures

Capital cost :-- Rs. 50 lakhs Recurring cost per annum: -- Rs 24 lakhs.

10.3 Description of the Environment

Environmental Baseline Data Collection is carried out during Winter & Post monsoon Season i.e.

from Oct to Dec. 2012. The study area comprises of 10 km radial distance around the proposed

Project. The predominant wind direction during the study period is South East to North West.

10.3.1 Meteorology: Micrometeorological data within the project area was monitored at site

during Winter & Post monsoon

Sl. No. Parameters Data

1 Maximum temperature (0C) 34.2 2 Minimum temperature (0C) 16.7 3 Maximum Relative Humidity (%) 81 4 Minimum Relative Humidity (%) 54 5 Predominant Wind Direction South East

10.3.2 Ambient Air Quality: Ambient Air Quality is monitored at 6 locations near project site.

The ambient air quality results obtained are well within the prescribed limits of National

Ambient Air Quality Standards.

Station

Code Station Name

Distance From

Project Site (km) Direction

Upwind/

Downwind

AAQ-1 Project Site - -

AAQ-2 Dhamani 1.6 E Upwind

AAQ-3 Kharsundi 1.4 W Downwind

AAQ-4 Nimodekatarwadi 1.7 NW Downwind

AAQ-5 Ambivali 4.8 NW Downwind

AAQ-6 Khalapur 1.4 E Crosswind


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Summary of Air quality Data are given below:

Units: µg/ m3 Station Name PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOX Project site 8.4-15.1 19.5-26.8 11.3-20.6 15.7-28.7 Dhamani 6.5-11.1 15.6-28.9 10.3-18.6 10.9-27.7 Kharsundi 7.2-11.7 19.2-28.4 12.1-21.3 16.7-24.6 Nimodekatarwadi 7.6-12.6 15.2-21.3 16.2-27.6 21.2-33.4 Ambivali 8.2-11.3 18.6-27.9 8.8-21.3 10.2-24.6 khalapur 8.1-10.5 15.6-30.2 7.3-26.3 10.5-29.3

10.3.3 Ambient Noise Levels

Ambient Noise Levels were monitored at 6 locations near project area. The ambient

noise levels obtained were well within the prescribed limits of National Ambient Air

Quality Standards with respect to noise.

Summary of Noise Data are given below:

Units: dB (A)

N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6

Min 40.0 38.0 38.1 38.3 38.7 38.6 Max 56.5 55.4 52.8 52.8 53.0 53.0 Ld 50.4 49.9 48.5 49.2 48.8 48.6 Ln 42.7 42.8 41.5 42.8 43.0 42.8 L Min Minimum Noise Level Recorded Ld Day Equivalents L Max Maximum Noise Level Recorded Ln Night Equivalents

10.3.4 Water Quality

About 4 ground water samples and 2 surface water samples have been collected to

assess the water quality in the study area. The physico-chemical characteristics of water

samples are in compliance with the prescribed drinking water standards of IS 10500.

S No. Location Code Location Name Sample Source

Surface Water

SWQ1 Patalganga River Up-stream

SWQ2 Patalganga River Down-stream

Ground Water

GWQ1 Project Site Open Well

GWQ2 Abbhivali Open Well

GWQ3 Madap Open Well


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GWQ4 Kharasindi Open Well

GWQ5 Savaroli Open Well

GWQ6 Dhamani Open Well

The Quality of ground and surface water samples collected during winter season is

given below:

It is observed that the pH of the ground water samples are in the range of 6.5 – 7.38

Total dissolved solids (TDS) in the samples are in the range 58-444 mg/L

Total hardness of the ground water samples was found to varies between 36-268

mg/L

The Heavy metal concentration are within the prescribed limits

10.3.5 Soil Quality

Six soil samples were collected and analysed.

Station Code Station Name

S1 Project Site

S2 Ambivali

S3 Madap

S4 Dhamani

S5 Savaroli

S6 Kharsundi

Results show the pH ranges from of 5.45 – 6.97 and the Nutrients like N, P and K are in

moderate concentration.

10.3.6 Ecological Status

Flora- The prominent plant in the study area is Mango, which is found commonly near

the road side. Babul was a common tree near the villages and on the hedge of

agricultural field. The commonly found trees are Jamun, Bor, Tamrind, Eucalyptus,

Neem, Peepal, Vad, Teak, Sheesham, Mango, Palas, etc.


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Fauna- The Mammals found in the study area are Five Striped palm squirrel, Common /

Indian Mongoose, Common Indian Hare, Indian Field Mouse, House mouse, House

Shrew. Some reptiles like water snakes, monitor lizards and common lizards were also

observed near village boundary. The dominant birds in the study area are House crow,

Owl, Asian koel, Common Myna.

10.3.7 Socio-Economics

The data on the demographic structure of the study area were collected from censes

records of Raigad District. There are 28 villages in the study area. The demographic

profile of the study area including no. household, total population, population structure

viz scheduled Caste population and number of literates & illiterates, are summarized

below.

Total population of villages under the study area is 27012.

Sex ratio (930 nos. females per 1000 males) is which indicates that females are

less in number than their male counterpart in the study are

The overall literacy rate in the study area is 58 %, which is quite satisfactory.

Scheduled caste population is 3% while scheduled tribe population in the study

area is 13.49%.

10.4 Environmental Impact Assessments

The Environmental Impact due to the project is tabulated below:

Environmental Impact Assessment

Parameter Construction Phase Operational phase

Air Environment Short term negative impact. Long term negative impact. Noise Environment Short term negative impact Long term negative impact Water Environment short term negative impact No negative impact Land Environment No negative impact Long term positive impact. Soil Short term negative No impact Construction Waste Short term negative No impact Ecological Environment No Negative impact Long term positive impact. Employment Generation Short term positive impact Long term positive impact


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Parameter Construction Phase Operational phase

Improvement in Health Care Facilities

No impact Long term positive impact

Economic Condition of the study area

Short term positive impact Long term positive impact

Aesthetics Environment Short term negative Long term positive impact Resettlement and rehabilitation issues

No negative impact No impact

Impact on Infrastructure Facilities

No negative impact Long term positive impact

Historical, Archaeological and Architectural Sites

No impact Long term positive impact

10.5 Environmental Management Plan

10.5.1 Construction Phase Environment Management

a) Site Preparation

The development of site for erections of plant structure, office building and other allied

activities shall require careful management planning as the construction activities will be

located in plain land owned by the project proponent and within existing factory premises.

Care will be taken to control the dust nuisance that would be created by excavation, leveling and

transportation activities so that impacts on the various components of environment would be

minimized.

b) Noise

Though level of construction activities shall not be very high, still some specific sources of noise

like welding, transportation, movement of earth movers, tractors, will be carried out in a

controlled manner. Neither the plant nor the construction workers should be exposed to

excessive noise levels.

c) Construction Equipment and Waste

Transport vehicles as well as transport routes will be properly maintained during whole

construction phase to minimize smoke / dust emission from vehicle exhausts and unpaved

roads. Composite solid wastes including metal scrape, earthwork, other wastes, getting

generated in construction process will be disposed off in safe manner. Certain hazardous waste


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materials, though the requirement of such materials shall be small, will be stored safely and be

disposed off properly.

10.5.2 Operational Phase Environment Management

a) Water Environment & Management

The Surface water shall be used for the plant operation and generation of waste water &

discharge should be maintained as per the MoEF current guidelines. The followings are to be

strictly followed to meet the requirement:

Recirculation of treated effluent in firewater storage tanks

Recirculation of effluents from coal dust extraction and suppression systems (after

setting in settling tanks) and service water system (after treatment in plate separator /

tube settlers).

Rain water will be collected from roof tops and will be recharged through a rainwater

recharge tank.

Storm rain water drainage will be routed through a silting tank, for arresting of silt.

Storm water will be used during the rains for the purpose of the plant water

requirement.

The sewage from plant will be directed to STP. The capacity of STP will be adequate and

the treated effluent would be utilized in greenbelt development.

b) Air Environment Management

To minimize the impact due to the proposed project operations the following steps would be

initiated:

The emission characteristics should also be monitored regularly.

Green belt to trap dust being emitted from fuel combustion and /or fugitive sources and

also attenuate the other gaseous pollutants.

The control of fugitive emission such as hydrocarbons from DG sets, process

units/storage, the following measures are recommended:


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o Proper maintenance and clearing of the roads inside the plant

o Raw materials trucks should be covered to stop dust emission

o Monitor the consented parameters at ambient air quality monitoring station.

o Monitor the work zone at various stations to satisfy the corporate requirements

for health and environment.

c) Noise Environment

The following precautionary measures are to be adopted in the proposed project

Insulate/enclose all the noise sources to avoid occupational exposure to the workers

and to minimize the generation of excess noise level.

Monitor the ambient and work zone noise level to conform the stipulated norms.

Noise attenuation devices such as ear mufflers must be provided to the workers in the

high noise exposure areas.

d) Biological Environment

Already 7 Hectares of green belt exists within the extant premises of DPL. Tree plantation

within premises and outside factory premises is also envisaged.

Features of Green belt

Suitable tree species will be planted in the green belt.

This will act as a noise barrier and would also reduce the air pollution

Plantation will also Improve the aesthetic backdrop of the site

e) Land Environment

The impacts on the land environment in this case is again associated with the land applications

of ETP effluent for crop irrigation and green belt development & maintenance, which has been

discussed earlier under water environment component.


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However, the construction of green belts would largely offset the change to the existing

landscape and would provide visual comfort. The improved economy of the area is expected to

cause increased outputs to agriculture, trade and commerce.

As DPL will implement zero wastewater discharge methodology, there would be no impact due

to any wastewater disposal on land.

f) Occupational Safety & Health

All precautionary methods will be adopted by the company to reduce the risk of exposure of

employees to occupational safety and health hazards. Pre & post medical check-ups will be done

of all the employees. Employees will be regularly examined and the medical records will be

maintained for each employee. Pulmonary function test and periodical medical checkup shall be

done once in every year.

The following tests shall be conducted for each worker:

Lung Function Test

Radiology – X-ray

Pulmonary Function Test

Audiometric Test

General clinical examination with emphasis on respiratory system

Pre-employment examinations

Periodical medical examinations at the time of employment

g) Socio-Economic Welfare Activities

The operators and workers are to be trained in various aspects of ESH (Environment,

Safety and Health). The managers and officers involved in Environment Management

Cell shall undergo refresher workshop and up-gradation of information on various

environmental issues.

The management of DPL shall help in promoting the activities related to environmental

awareness in nearby villages. The proponent shall help in promoting local people for

livelihood commensurate with their will, skill and abilities. Many other welfare

measures will be taken from time to time.


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10.5.3 Environmental Protection Cost

The DPL has proposed to incur the following one time and recurring cost for the EMP

measures.

Budgetary allocation for environmental protection measures

10.6 Environmental Monitoring

Environmental Monitoring is a tool to check the implementation of the Environmental

Management Plan. It involves formation of a committee involving experts in various

fields as well as Govt. officials for checking the implementation of the environmental

management plan. The following monitoring plan is suggested for the project. The

regular Environmental monitoring will be carried out to check the impact of the project

on air, water, soil noise quality. Effluent from the distillery will also be monitored.

10.7 Project Benefits

Project benefit focused on those points which become beneficial to the surrounding

area or community in terms of infrastructural development, Social development,

boosting employment and other tangible benefits due to upcoming or proposed

activities in form side benefits. The proposed project expansion has a potential for

employment of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled employees during construction phase

as well as operational phase.

Sr. No.

Name of Activity

Capital Cost (Rs. Lakhs)

Recurring Cost (Rs. Lakhs)

1 Air Po Air pollution Control System 15 5.0

2 Water pollution control systems (ETP) 20 10.0

4 Noise pollution control 3.5 2.0 5 Green Belt Development 4.0 2.5 6 Environmental Monitoring /

Environmental Management 2.0 1.0

7 Solid waste / Hazardous waste management

2.0 1.5

8 Occupational health & safety 3.5 2.0

TOTAL 50.0 24.0


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CHAPTER 11 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT

ENGANGED

11.1 Background of the Organization

MITCON Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., (MITCON) is a rapidly growing, an

ISO 9001-2008 certified Consultancy Company, promoted by ICICI, IDBI, IFCI, and State

Corporations of Maharashtra and Public Commercial Banks.

It was founded in 1982; with Head Office at Pune and with supporting offices spread

over entire country including Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai,

Chandigarh and Ahmadabad etc. With experience, expertise and track record developed

over last almost three decades, MITCON provides diverse range of macro and micro

consultancy services in the areas of --

Environment Management and Engineering (EME).

Energy Efficiency.

Biomass and Co-gen power.

Agricultural Business and Bio-technology.

Infrastructure.

Market Research.

Banking Finance and Securitisation.

Micro Enterprise Development.

IT Training and Education.

The attached broacher also showcases the snapshot of the each of these divisions and

wide portfolio of services we offer.

The company, being working only in consultancy and training sector, is having a turnover of

more than 20 Crs. per annum for last three years


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11.2 About EME Division and Consultancy Services Offered

Environmental Management and Engineering Division (EME) is one of the key division

of MITCON and provide expert consultancy and laboratory services for various matrix of

services in the field of environmental management. Thus, EME division partners with an

organization in their efforts of achieving sustainable business model.

Some of our Credentials of EME division is –

State-of-the-art Environment Laboratory with experienced and trained

manpower.

Recognition by Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Government of

India and OHSAS 18001/2007.

Accredited by QCI-NABET as an EIA consultant.

We are recommended as Technical Consultant by Directorate of Municipal

Administration, Govt. of Maharashtra, Mumbai, for preparation of Detailed

Project Reports (DPR) on Municipal Solid Waste Management for the Municipal

Councils in Maharashtra.

Services Offered:

A. Consultancy Services

1. Environmental Impact Assessment

Field study, primary and secondary data collection.

Preparation of rapid environmental impact assessment report.

Securing clearance from competent authorities.

2. Environmental Audit / Status Report.

Filed study.

Preparation of report.

3. Consent

Preparation and submission of application for consent to establish / consent to

operate.

Follow-up with the state pollution control board and securing consent to

establish / consent to operate.


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4. Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSW)/ Hazardous Waste (HZ)

Management & Technical Services

Survey.

Preparation of techno-commercial feasibility report on WTE/ integrated MSW

project.

MSW due-diligence report.

Preparation of detailed project report [DPR].

MSW tender evaluation and preparation.

MSW & Hz. Landfill engineering design costing.

Project management consultancy services for MSW projects.

5. Water Supply and Sanitation

Water treatment and distribution system survey, design sewerage system

survey and treatment plant design.

Preparation of detailed project report (DPR), bankable documents.

6. Small Turnkey Projects

Biogas design and installation.

Sewage treatment plant.

Effluent treatment plant.

7. Technical Appraisal

Solid waste management projects.

Zero discharge effluent projects for distillery.

8. GIS and Remote Sensing

Preparation of various maps.

Land use/ land cover.

Preparation of various layers.

GIS based analysis.

Modeling

B. Laboratory Services

(Environmental Laboratory is recognized by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt.

of India, New Delhi, under Environment Protection Act,1986)


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1. Analytical Services

Water Quality

Water Analysis

Water Audit

Waste Water/Effluent Characterization & Analysis

Ground Water Monitoring & Analysis

Storm Water Characterization & Analysis

Waste Water Reduction

Rain Water Harvesting

Feasibility & Treatability Studies of Various Effluent & Sewage

Pesticide & Various Organic Pollutant Analysis

Soil Quality

Agriculture Soil Analysis

Physico-Chemical and Biological Analysis

Bacteriological Analysis

Wastes (Solid & Semisolid)

Municipal Solid Waste Analysis

Hazardous Waste Survey

Wastes Audit

Detailed Investigation

Preparation of Detailed Project Report

Design, Engineering of Treatment Plant

Design, Engineering of Landfill Site

Zero Discharge / Waste Studies

Industrial Hygiene Audit

Specialized Services

Health & Hygiene Survey

Stress Survey

Ergonomics Survey

Strom Water Analysis & Management

Sludge/Lechate Analysis

Rain Water Harvesting & Recharging


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Flow & Load Analysis

Ground Water Survey & Analysis

Bore Well/Tube wells- Yield Assessment

Water Audit

Flow & Load Survey

ETP & STP-Risk Assessment

2. Monitoring Services

Ambient air quality, work-zone air quality monitoring

Source emission, fugitive emission monitoring

Efficiency assessment of air pollution control equipment

Noise level monitoring

Illumination and ventilation survey

Vibration survey

3. Operation&Maintenance Services

Water Treatment and Distribution System Survey, Design Sewerage

System Survey & Treatment Plant Design

ETP, CETP and STP

DM Plant

RO Plant

Sewage Treatment Plant

Effluent Treatment Plant

4. Miscellaneous

PAH, Pesticides, VOC, Dioxins & Furans, etc. analysis

Oil testing

Chemical Testing

Lighting/Illumination Survey

Ventilation Survey

Noise Survey

Hazardous Substances Survey

Lead & Asbestos Containing Material (ACM) Survey

Environmental Audit

Environmental Site Assessment (Level I, II, III)


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EME division of MITCON serves to various sectors like – GIS & RS, solid waste,

infrastructure, power, sugar, engineering, chemical, real estate etc.

11.3 Consultants Engaged in Preparation of EIA EMP Report

Sr.

No.

Name of the

Personnel Degree Designation Role

Signature

1. Mr. Sanjay

Shevkar

M.Sc.

Environmental

Sciences

Executive Vice

President

EIA Co-ordinator.

Inputs related to

air pollution

management

2. Dr. Chaitanya

Sathe

Ph.D in

Inorganic

Chemistry

Assistant Vice

President

Coordination and

suggestions in

report related to

Solid waste

Management &

WP aspects

3. Mr. Nilesh

Deshmukh

M.Tech.

Environmental

Engineering

Assistant Vice

President

Inputs related to

Water pollution

management

4. Mr. Ashvin

Badge

B.E. Chemical

Engineering.

Environmental

Engineer

Baseline data

collection of

study area.,

5. Ms. Kavita Zog M.Sc.

Environmental

Science

Senior

Consultant

Baseline, ecology

aspects,

preparation of

EMP.

6. Mr. Shrikant

Kakade

M.Sc.

Environmental

Science

Principal

Consultant

Baseline EB

study, EIA EMP

report

preparation.

7. Dr. (Mrs.)

Suvarna Sachin

Tikle

Ph. D in

Environmental

Science

Principle

Consultant

Map preparation ,

8. Mr. Sharad

Bade

B.Sc Chemistry

Zoology and

Physics

Senior

Executive

(Environment)

Baseline data

collection

surveys


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Sr.

No.

Name of the

Personnel Degree Designation Role

Signature

9. Mrs. Prajakta

Chitnis

B.Sc.

{chemistry} &

Post Graduation

Diploma

in industrial &

Analytical

Chemistry

Senior Chemist Co-ordinating

testing of

samples , water

and soil

10. Mr. Ganesh

Dhansing

Khamgal

MSW (Urban &

Rural

Community

Development)

Divisional

Manager

socioeconomic

aspects in EIA

report

11. Mrs. Seema

Nazarkar

B.Sc.

Microbiology

Chemist Assistance in

analysis of

samples

12. Mrs. Renuka

Ingale

M.Sc. Botany Project

Consultant

Assistance in

analysis of Soil

samples &

Assisted in

identification of

floral species

13. Mrs. Seema Nazarkar

B.Sc. Microbiology

Chemist Analysis of

Environmental

Samples.


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ANNEXURE

1 to 13


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191

Annexure No. 1 Master Layout Plan


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192

Annexure No. 2 Additional Water Requirement Permission Letter


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Annexure No. 3 Power Permission by Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd


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Annexure No. 4 Three Months Ambient Air Quality Results

Sr.No Monitoring Date

PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOX

Units µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3

AAQ1 PLANT SITE (Dujodwala Factory )

1 2/10/2012 9.8 25.3 18.5 25.6

2 3/10/2012 9.5 23.8 16.2 21.9

3 9/10/2012 9.1 22.5 12.3 28.7

4 10/10/2012 10.2 20.5 12.1 25

5 16/10/2012 10.5 20.9 14.3 22.8

6 17/10/2012 8.6 21.8 12.9 23.1

7 23/10/2012 8.7 19.9 11.3 27.7

8 24/10/2012 8.5 22 13.8 21.6

9 30/10/2012 9.2 23.7 11.7 23.4

10 31/10/2012 10.2 24.9 15.6 21.6

11 6/11/2012 8.4 24.7 11.7 15.7

12 7/11/2012 11 25.3 13.6 25.7

13 13/11/2012 11.5 26.2 15.4 22.8

14 14/11/2012 12.7 21.9 18.9 23.7

15 20/11/2012 10.9 21.6 12.9 23.5

16 21/11/2012 12.3 22.1 15.6 21.6

17 27/11/2012 10.7 22.6 12.2 22.3

18 28/11/2012 11.9 23.9 12.6 25.6

19 4/12/2012 8.8 19.5 13.2 26.1

20 5/12/2012 10.2 26.8 14.5 20.6

21 11/12/2012 10.6 25.9 20.6 21.3

22 12/12/2012 10.9 22.4 16.4 16.5

23 18/12/2012 11.8 22.8 17.4 20.5

24 19/12/2012 10.7 22.6 15.8 20.1

25 25/12/2012 10.8 24.5 18.6 21.6

26 26/12/2012 15.1 24.9 17.6 22.3

Min 8.4 19.5 11.3 15.7

Max 15.1 26.8 20.6 28.7

Avg 10.5 23.2 14.8 22.7

98th 13.9 26.5 19.8 28.2


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PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOX


AAQ2 Dhamani (Upwind)

1 2/10/2012 9.9 21.5 11.5 20.9

2 3/10/2012 9.9 22.9 15.4 24.5

3 9/10/2012 10.6 23.4 14.4 27.7

4 10/10/2012 9.5 19.5 15.5 21.1

5 16/10/2012 8.8 21.9 10.3 21.4

6 17/10/2012 9.1 15.6 14.4 22.1

7 23/10/2012 8.3 22.3 13.8 22.3

8 24/10/2012 8.2 23.2 17.2 17.7

9 30/10/2012 9.6 16.2 10.3 21.8

10 31/10/2012 8.7 16.3 17.5 25.1

11 6/11/2012 8.8 18.8 15.6 21.5

12 7/11/2012 10.3 19.8 17.9 21.5

13 13/11/2012 9.2 19.7 12.6 20.2

14 14/11/2012 9.1 22.8 12.6 18.6

15 20/11/2012 8.9 24.4 14.3 20.2

16 21/11/2012 8.4 18.6 13.7 18.2

17 27/11/2012 9.6 20.4 18.5 23.8

18 28/11/2012 6.9 28.9 14.6 19.7

19 4/12/2012 6.5 22.1 13.2 19.3

20 5/12/2012 8.9 27.3 15.6 21.3

21 11/12/2012 9.1 21.3 10.5 10.9

22 12/12/2012 8.9 19.7 14.6 21.2

23 18/12/2012 9.9 21.9 10.4 19.5

24 19/12/2012 9.7 22.4 10.5 18.7

25 25/12/2012 8.5 20.9 18.6 21.6

26 26/12/2012 11.1 24.9 17.6 22.3

Min 6.5 15.6 10.3 10.9

Max 11.1 28.9 18.6 27.7

Avg 9.1 21.4 14.3 20.9

98th 10.9 28.1 18.6 26.4


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PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOX


AAQ3 Kharsundi (Downwind)

1 2/10/2012 8.5 23.9 15.9 19.2

2 3/10/2012 8.3 26.5 19.8 22.4

3 9/10/2012 8.2 24.4 17.9 21.8

4 10/10/2012 8.1 26.7 19.7 22.3

5 16/10/2012 9.2 24.9 17.8 21.3

6 17/10/2012 8.3 26.1 15.7 23.3

7 23/10/2012 8.1 25.7 16.6 18.9

8 24/10/2012 10.1 25.1 18.1 19.3

9 30/10/2012 8.1 25.2 19.2 22.4

10 31/10/2012 8.3 25.2 17.7 16.7

11 6/11/2012 7.5 25.8 18.6 22.8

12 7/11/2012 8.1 26.9 18.1 17.8

13 13/11/2012 8.2 25.6 15.7 22.6

14 14/11/2012 7.2 26.4 18.6 23.3

15 20/11/2012 9.6 24.3 17.1 21.4

16 21/11/2012 8.4 27.7 19.6 23.3

17 27/11/2012 8.9 27.5 19.7 22.8

18 28/11/2012 9.1 19.2 18.5 21.1

19 4/12/2012 8.6 28.3 12.1 22.3

20 5/12/2012 11.7 28.4 18.3 22.4

21 11/12/2012 10.5 26.6 19.4 21.3

22 12/12/2012 9.2 25.9 13.7 22.4

23 18/12/2012 8.7 27.1 18.6 23.7

24 19/12/2012 10.6 26.2 19.8 22.6

25 25/12/2012 11.2 27.9 21.3 24.6

26 26/12/2012 10.9 26.9 18.5 23.3

Min 7.2 19.2 12.1 16.7

Max 11.7 28.4 21.3 24.6

Avg 9.0 25.9 17.9 21.7

98th 11.5 28.4 20.6 24.2


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PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOX


AAQ4 Nimode Katarwadi

(Downwind)

1 5/10/2012 9.8 18.9 21.8 22.6

2 6/10/2012 10.5 15.7 17.3 24.8

3 12/10/2012 7.6 16.3 18.3 23.9

4 13/10/2012 8.8 18.6 25.9 30.4

5 19/10/2012 8.5 18.3 19.8 25.6

6 20/10/2012 7.9 16.3 24.3 25.1

7 26/10/2012 8.8 18.7 26.1 28.3

8 27/10/2012 9.3 18.2 22.4 29.7

9 2/11/2012 10.5 21.2 27.6 26.5

10 3/11/2012 8.8 18.6 25.9 30.4

11 9/11/2012 9.5 18.3 20.8 25.6

12 10/11/2012 8.1 17.1 19.3 21.2

13 16/11/2012 8.5 15.2 16.2 22.3

14 17/11/2012 8.3 17.3 19.1 24.9

15 23/11/2012 10.1 21.3 21.3 30.9

16 24/11/2012 9.1 20.3 21.4 30.5

17 30/11/2012 9.8 19.8 22.8 30.8

18 1/12/2012 9.1 17.6 21.7 27.9

19 7/12/2012 11 18.3 22.8 27.8

20 8/12/2012 10.11 17.1 19.3 24.2

21 14/12/2012 9.6 17.2 24.3 27.9

22 15/12/2012 12.6 16.2 23.4 28.3

23 21/12/2012 9.7 17.2 22.8 29.6

24 22/12/2012 8.8 16.8 21.3 27.6

25 28/12/2012 8.9 16.8 19.3 27.3

26 29/12/2012 10.1 21.3 23.4 26.4

Min 7.6 15.2 16.2 21.2

Max 12.6 21.3 27.6 30.9

Avg 9.4 18.0 21.9 26.9

98th 11.8 21.3 26.9 30.9


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PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOX


AAQ5 Ambivali (Downwind)

1 5/10/2012 11.3 18.6 8.8 15.6

2 6/10/2012 10.3 21.5 18.2 15.3

3 12/10/2012 9.5 20.9 11.2 18.4

4 13/10/2012 10.6 21.5 14.3 12.4

5 19/10/2012 10.5 21.4 16.7 18.9

6 20/10/2012 8.9 20.6 11.7 10.7

7 26/10/2012 8.7 20.5 15.2 10.2

8 27/10/2012 8.2 19.3 16.1 13.6

9 2/11/2012 8.7 22.5 17.8 23.1

10 3/11/2012 10.5 21.7 10.5 10.9

11 9/11/2012 10.9 21.1 16.9 14.6

12 10/11/2012 10.5 21.2 15.5 16.9

13 16/11/2012 10.2 26.6 14.2 18.5

14 17/11/2012 9.6 22.2 10.6 24.1

15 23/11/2012 9.9 22.1 18.9 21.2

16 24/11/2012 10.6 23.4 16.6 19.3

17 30/11/2012 8.8 20.3 15.5 21.1

18 1/12/2012 9.8 22.1 10.8 23.8

19 7/12/2012 10.4 23.8 11.4 18.1

20 8/12/2012 10.5 24.1 11.5 18.4

21 14/12/2012 9.9 22.5 14.2 16.9

22 15/12/2012 9.5 23.3 10.5 15.9

23 21/12/2012 8.6 23.3 18.6 22.5

24 22/12/2012 10.3 27.9 21.3 24.6

25 28/12/2012 8.9 26.9 18.5 23.3

26 29/12/2012 10.5 22.3 16.5 19.2

Min 8.2 18.6 8.8 10.2

Max 11.3 27.9 21.3 24.6

Avg 9.9 22.4 14.7 18.0

98th 11.1 27.4 20.1 24.4


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PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOX


AAQ6 Khalapur

1 5/10/2012 10.4 28.3 9.6 15.2

2 6/10/2012 9.8 25.3 7.3 14.5

3 12/10/2012 9.2 21.9 8.8 10.5

4 13/10/2012 8.5 20.6 20.7 22.3

5 19/10/2012 8.4 20.9 24.3 25.1

6 20/10/2012 8.3 28.3 26.1 26.3

7 26/10/2012 8.1 29.1 19.3 21.2

8 27/10/2012 8.8 17.7 10.2 17.2

9 2/11/2012 8.7 18.1 10.8 16.4

10 3/11/2012 10.2 21.3 14.6 18.3

11 9/11/2012 9.8 20.2 9.2 15.2

12 10/11/2012 9.7 22.1 10.1 16.6

13 16/11/2012 9.4 21.8 11.2 17.9

14 17/11/2012 9.5 17.5 10.4 18.5

15 23/11/2012 9.1 15.6 10.5 10.9

16 24/11/2012 8.9 20.6 10.9 21.2

17 30/11/2012 10.1 22.2 10.4 19.5

18 1/12/2012 9.7 22.4 9.9 18.7

19 7/12/2012 9.5 20.8 26.3 21.3

20 8/12/2012 9.7 21.3 24.3 29.3

21 14/12/2012 9.4 25.3 9.2 16.3

22 15/12/2012 10.1 24.5 10.6 21.4

23 21/12/2012 9.5 20.7 10.7 21.6

24 22/12/2012 8.4 27.7 19.6 23.3

25 28/12/2012 10.5 27.5 19.7 18.3

26 29/12/2012 9.1 30.2 18.5 21.1

Min 8.1 15.6 7.3 10.5

Max 10.5 30.2 26.3 29.3

Avg 9.3 22.8 14.4 19.2

98th 10.5 29.7 26.2 27.8

Note:, Total hydrocarbon (HC), Ozone & volatile organic compound (VOC) were found

to be below detectible limit in all the samples.


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Annexure No. 5 Noise Monitoring Results

Noise Levels dB(A)

Time N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6

Location Name

Working Area

Dhamani Kharsundi Nimode Katarwadi

Ambivali Khalapur

6.00 40 38 38.1 38.3 38.7 38.6

7.00 41.2 41.5 40 42 42.3 42.5

8.00 42.5 42.7 41.5 42.9 43.5 43.1

9.00 46.1 46.2 44.9 45 45.1 45.2

10.00 48.5 48.1 47.3 48.1 47.7 46.9

11.00 51.1 51.2 49.9 50.1 50.3 50.5

12.00 51.5 51.1 50.3 50.7 50.3 50.3

13.00 51.7 51.1 50.5 51.1 50.5 49.9

14.00 51.1 51.5 49.9 51.5 51.9 50.3

15.00 49.9 50.3 48.7 49.1 49.5 49.9

16.00 55.2 55.4 52.8 52.8 53 53

17.00 56.5 48.3 52.8 44.6 41.4 41.7

18.00 52.3 53 51.1 52.5 51.8 51.8

19.00 48.1 47.7 46.9 47.3 46.9 46.9

20.00 43.9 44.2 42.7 43 43.3 43.6

21.00 43.7 43.8 42.5 42.6 42.7 42.8

22.00 43.4 44 42.2 42.8 43.4 44

23.00 43.2 43 42 43 42.8 41.8

0.00 42.9 43.4 41.7 43.9 44.4 44.4

1.00 42.7 42.4 41.5 42.4 42.1 41.2

2.00 42.6 42.1 41.4 41.6 41.1 41.1

3.00 42.8 42.2 41.6 42.6 42 41.4

4.00 42.6 43.2 41.4 43.8 44.4 44.4

5.00 42.7 43.1 41.5 43.5 43.9 43.9

Min 40 38 38.1 38.3 38.7 38.6

Max 56.5 55.4 52.8 52.8 53 53

Ld 50.4 49.9 48.5 49.2 48.8 48.6

Ln 42.7 42.8 41.5 42.8 43 42.8


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Annexure No. 6 Water Quality Results


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Annexure No. 7 Soil Quality Results


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Annexure No. 8 Satellite imagery for the study area of 10 km radius


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Annexure No. 9 Material Safety Data Sheets

Material Safety Data Sheet: Alpha-Pinene

Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification

Product Name: Alpha-Pinene

Chemical Formula: C10H16

Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients

Composition:

Name CAS # % by Weight

{Alpha-}Pinene 80-56-8 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Alpha-Pinene: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 3700

mg/kg [Rat].

Section 3: Hazards Identification

Potential Acute Health Effects:

Hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly

hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant).

Potential Chronic Health Effects:

Hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly

hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant). CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.

MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.

DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available

Section 4: First Aid Measures

Eye Contact: Check for and remove any contact lenses. Do not use an eye ointment.

Seek medical attention

Skin Contact: After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water. Gently

and thoroughly wash the contaminated skin with running water and non-abrasive

soap. Be particularly careful to clean folds, crevices, creases and groin. Cover the

irritated skin with an emollient. If irritation persists, seek medical attention. Wash

contaminated clothing before reusing.

Serious Skin Contact: Not available

Inhalation: Allow the victim to rest in a well-ventilated area. Seek immediate


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medical attention.

Serious Inhalation: Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen

tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If breathing is difficult,

administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth

resuscitation. Seek medical attention.

Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or

waistband. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Seek

immediate medical attention.

Section 5: Fire and Explosion Data

Flammability of the Product: Flammable.

Auto-Ignition Temperature: 255°C (491°F)

Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 33°C (91.4°F).

Flammable Limits: Not available.

Products of Combustion: These products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2).

Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Highly flammable in presence of

open flames and sparks.

Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Risks of explosion of the

product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Risks of explosion of the

product in presence of static discharge: Not available.

Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Flammable liquid, insoluble in water. SMALL

FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder. LARGE FIRE: Use water spray or fog. Cool

containing vessels with water jet in order to prevent pressure build-up, auto ignition

or explosion.

Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to

heat or flame.

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards: Not available.

Section 6: Accidental Release Measures

Small Spill: Absorb with an inert material and put the spilled material in an

appropriate waste disposal.

Large Spill: Flammable liquid, insoluble in water. Keep away from heat. Keep away

from sources of ignition. Stop leak if without risk. Absorb with DRY earth, sand or

other non-combustible material. Do not get water inside container. Do not touch

spilled material. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if

needed. Eliminate all ignition sources. Call for assistance on disposal.


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Section 7: Handling and Storage

Precautions: Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all

equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/

vapour/spray. Avoid contact with eyes Wear suitable protective clothing In case of

insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment If ingested, seek medical

advice immediately and show the container or the label.

Storage: Flammable materials should be stored in a separate safety storage cabinet

or room. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Keep container

tightly closed. Keep in a cool, well-ventilated place. Ground all equipment containing

material. A refrigerated room would be preferable for materials with a flash point

lower than 37.8°C (100°F).

Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Engineering Controls: Provide exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to

keep the airborne concentrations of vapors below their respective threshold limit

value. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are proximal to the work-

station location.

Personal Protection: Splash goggles. Lab coat. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an

approved/certified respirator or equivalent.

Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill: Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor

respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self-contained breathing apparatus should be used to

avoid inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient;

consult a specialist BEFORE handling this product.

Exposure Limits: Not available.

Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical state and appearance: Liquid.

Odor: Strong.

Taste: Not available.

Molecular Weight: 136.23 g/mole

Color: Colorless.

pH (1% soln/water): Not applicable.

Boiling Point: 156°C (312.8°F)

Melting Point: -55°C (-67°F)

Critical Temperature: Not available.


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Specific Gravity: 0.8592 (Water = 1)

Vapor Pressure: Not available.

Vapor Density: 4.7 (Air = 1)

Volatility: Not available.

Odor Threshold: Not available.

Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: Not available.

Ionicity (in Water): Not available.

Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water, methanol, diethyl ether.

Solubility: Soluble in methanol, diethyl ether. Insoluble in cold water

Section 10: Stability and Reactivity Data

Stability: The product is stable.

Instability Temperature: Not available.

Conditions of Instability: Not available.

Incompatibility with various substances: Not available.

Corrosivity: Non-corrosive in presence of glass

Special Remarks on Reactivity: Not available.

Special Remarks on Corrosivity: Not available.

Polymerization: No.

Section 11: Toxicological Information

Routes of Entry: Eye contact. Inhalation. Ingestion.

Toxicity to Animals: Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 3700 mg/kg [Rat].

Chronic Effects on Humans: Not available.

Other Toxic Effects on Humans: Hazardous in case of ingestion, of inhalation.

Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant).

Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals: Not available.

Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: Not available.

Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans: Not available.

Section 12: Ecological Information

Ecotoxicity: Not available.


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BOD5 and COD: Not available.

Products of Biodegradation: Possibly hazardous short term degradation products

are not likely. However, long term degradation products may arise.

Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The products of degradation are more

toxic.

Special Remarks on the Products of Biodegradation: Not available

Section 13: Disposal Considerations

Waste Disposal:

Section 14: Transport Information

DOT Classification: Class 3: Flammable liquid.

Identification: : alpha-Pinene : UN2368 PG: III

Special Provisions for Transport: Not available.

Section 15: Other Regulatory Information

Federal and State Regulations:

Pennsylvania RTK: Alpha-Pinene Massachusetts RTK: Alpha-Pinene TSCA 8(b)

inventory: Alpha-Pinene

Other Regulations: OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication

Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200).

Other Classifications:

WHMIS (Canada): CLASS B-2: Flammable liquid with a flash point lower than 37.8°C

(100°F).

DSCL (EEC): R10- Flammable. R36- Irritating to eyes.

HMIS (U.S.A.): Health Hazard: 1

Fire Hazard: 3

Reactivity: 0

National Fire Protection Association (U.S.A.): Health: 1

Flammability: 3

Reactivity: 0

Protective Equipment: Not applicable. Lab coat. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an

approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wear appropriate respirator when

ventilation is inadequate. Splash goggles


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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): Formaldehyde

Section 1 : Product Identification

Product Name Formaldehyde

Material Uses For Laboratory Use only

Section 2: Hazardous Ingredients

Name CAS# % TLV

1. Formaldehyde

2. Methanol

3. Water

50-00-0

67-56-1

7732-18-5

30 – 40

5 – 15

Balance

Exposure limits: 0.3 ppm

(0.37mg/m3)

Exposure limits: 200 ppm

(262mg/m3)

N/A

Section 3: Physical Data

Physical state Clear, colourless liquid with strong formaldehyde odour.

pH 2.8 – 4.0 (25 degrees Celsius) (37% solution)

Odour threshold 0.8 – 1ppm

Percent volatile 100%(V/V)

Freezing point Insoluble polymer gradually forms.

Boiling point 90 – 100

Specific gravity 1.08 to 1.0975 (Water = 1)

Vapour pressure ~40 mm of Hg (@ 39°C)

Vapour density 0.62 to 1.04 (Air = 1)

Evaporation rate 2.1(n-Butyl acetate = 1) (Methanol).

Solubility Miscible in water.


Flash point 50 – 78 degrees Celsius

Flammability Lower: 7%; Upper: 73%

Fire extinguishing

procedures

Use DRY chemical, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. Cool

containing vessels with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Section 5: Reactivity Data

Stability Stable. Conditions to avoid: heat, sparks and flame, temperatures below 20°C.

Incompatibility May react violently with: acids, alkalis, anhydrides, isocyanates, urea, phenol,

oxidizing agents, oxides, organic oxides, reducing agents, ammonia, aniline,

magnesium carbonate, performic acid, alkali metals, amines, hydrogen

peroxide, nitromethane, nitrogen dioxide, perchloric acid, perchloric acid-

aniline mixtures, bases, monomers, water reactive materials, magnesium

carbonate hydroxide.

Section 6: Toxicological Properties

Routes of entry Inhalation, ingestion, absorption through skin and eyes.

Effects of acute

exposure

Death if inhaled or absorbed; severe eye irritation and burns; allergic

dermatitis, skin burns; bronchitis, pulmonary oedema; headache, dizziness,


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nausea, vomiting; abdominal pain; blindness.

Effects of chronic

exposure

Nasal cancer, respiratory tract irritation; reproductive disorders, asthma,

dermatitis; multiple organ damage.

Section 7: Preventative Measures

Protective

clothing

and PPE

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, rubber boots and heavy rubber

gloves, and an acid suit.

Handling

procedures

Store in a cool place away from heated areas, sparks, and flame. Store in a

well-ventilated area. Store away from incompatible materials. Do not add any

other material to the container. Do not wash down the drain. Do not breathe

gas/fumes/vapor/spray. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable

respiratory equipment. Keep container tightly closed. Manipulate under an

adequate fume hood. Take precautionary measures against electrostatic

discharges. Ground the container while dispensing. Ground all equipment

containing material. Use only explosion proof equipment. Use non-sparking

tools. Watch for accumulation in low confined areas. Do not use pressure to

dispense. Storage temperature depends on methanol content and should be

controlled to avoid precipitation or vaporization. Handle and open container

with care. Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. This product must

be manipulated by qualified personnel. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on

clothing. Wash well after use. In accordance with good storage and handling

practices. Do not allow smoking and food consumption while handling.

Spill containment Evacuate and ventilate the area. Stay upwind: Keep out of low areas. Eliminate

all sources of ignition. Dyke the area with sand or a natural barrier. Absorb on

sand or vermiculite and place in a closed container for disposal. Use non-

sparking tools. Transport outdoors. Wash spill site after material pick up is

complete. DO NOT empty into drains. DO NOT touch damaged container or

spilled material. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.


Eye contact

Immediate first aid is needed to prevent eye damage. IMMEDIATELY flush

eyes with copious quantities of water for at least 20 minutes holding lids apart

to ensure flushing of the entire surface. Seek immediate medical attention.

DO NOT use an eye ointment.

Skin contact Immediate first aid is needed to prevent skin damage. Immediately flush skin

with plenty of water for at least 20 minutes while removing contaminated

clothing and shoes. Seek immediate medical attention. Wash contaminated

clothing before reusing.

Inhalation Remove patient to fresh air. Administer approved oxygen supply if breathing

is difficult. Administer artificial respiration or CPR if breathing has ceased.

Seek immediate medical attention.

Ingestion If conscious, wash out mouth with water. DO NOT induce vomiting. Seek

immediate medical attention.


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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): Phenol

Section 1: Chemical Identification

Product Name: Phenol

Chemical Formula: C6H5OH


Composition:

Name CAS # % by Weight Phenol 108-95-2 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Phenol: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 317 mg/kg [Rat].

270 mg/kg [Mouse]. DERMAL (LD50): Acute: 630 mg/kg [Rabbit]. 669 mg/kg [Rat].


Potential Acute Health Effects: Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive,

irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Hazardous in case of skin

contact (sensitizer, permeator). The amount of tissue damage depends on length of

contact. Eye contact can result in corneal damage or blindness. Skin contact can

produce inflammation and blistering. Inhalation of dust will produce irritation to

gastro-intestinal or respiratory tract, characterized by burning, sneezing and

coughing. Severe over-exposure can produce lung damage, choking, unconsciousness

or death. Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching.

Skin inflammation is characterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or, occasionally,

blistering.

Potential Chronic Health Effects:

CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: A4 (Not classifiable for human or animal.) by ACGIH, 3

(Not classifiable for human.) by IARC. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for

mammalian somatic cells. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast.

TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available.

The substance may be toxic to kidneys, liver, central nervous system (CNS). Repeated

or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. Repeated

exposure of the eyes to a low level of dust can produce eye irritation. Repeated skin

exposure can produce local skin destruction, or dermatitis. Repeated inhalation of

dust can produce varying degree of respiratory irritation or lung damage. Repeated

exposure to a highly toxic material may produce general deterioration of health by an

accumulation in one or many human organs.


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Eye Contact: Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact,

immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Cold water may

be used. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin Contact: In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at

least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Cover the

irritated skin with an emollient. Cold water may be used. Wash clothing before reuse.

Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention immediately

Serious Skin Contact: Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated

skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medical attention.

Inhalation: If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration.

If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention immediately.

Serious Inhalation: Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen

tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If breathing is difficult,

administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth

resuscitation. WARNING: It may be hazardous to the person providing aid to give

mouth-to-mouth resuscitation when the inhaled material is toxic, infectious or

corrosive. Seek immediate medical attention.

Ingestion: Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.

Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If large quantities of this

material are swallowed, call a physician immediately. Loosen tight clothing such as a

collar, tie, belt or waistband.

Serious Ingestion: Not available.


Flammability of the Product: May be combustible at high temperature.

Auto-Ignition Temperature: 715°C (1319°F)

Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 79°C (174.2°F). OPEN CUP: 85°C (185°F).

Flammable Limits: LOWER: 1.7% UPPER: 8.6%


Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Flammable in presence of open

flames and sparks, of heat. Non-flammable in presence of shocks.


product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Risks of explosion of the


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product in presence of static discharge: Not available.

Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder.

LARGE FIRE: Use water spray, fog or foam. Do not use water jet.

Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: Phenol + nitrides results in heat and flammable

gas generation. Phenol + mineral oxdizing acids results in fire. Phenol + calcium

hypochlorite is an exothermic reaction producing toxic fumes which may ignite

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards: Phenol + sodium nitrite causes explosion

on heating. Peroxydisulfuric acid + phenol causes explosion.


Small Spill: Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste

disposal container

Large Spill: Corrosive solid. Stop leak if without risk. Do not get water inside

container. Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Prevent

entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Eliminate all ignition

sources. Call for assistance on disposal. Be careful that the product is not present at a

concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.


Precautions: Keep locked up.. Keep container dry. Keep away from heat. Keep away

from sources of ignition. Empty containers pose a fire risk, evaporate the residue

under a fume hood. Ground all equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do not

breathe dust. Never add water to this product. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear

suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and

show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from

incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, acids.

Storage: Air Sensitive. Sensitive to light. Store in light-resistant containers. Moisture

sensitive. Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area.


Engineering Controls: Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other

engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommended exposure limits. If

user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to

airborne contaminants below the exposure limit.

Personal Protection: Splash goggles. Synthetic apron. Vapor and dust respirator. Be

sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves.


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Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill: Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor and

dust respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used to



Exposure Limits: TWA: 5 (ppm) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] SKIN TWA: 19

(mg/m3) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] SKIN TWA: 5 from NIOSH [United States]

TWA: 19 (mg/m3) from NIOSH [United States] TWA: 5 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL)

[United States] TWA: 19 (mg/m3) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] TWA: 5 (ppm)

[Canada] TWA: 19 (mg/m3) [Canada]Consult local authorities for acceptable

exposure limits


Physical state and appearance: Solid

Odor: Distinct, aromatic, somewhat sickening sweet and acrid

Taste: Burning

Molecular Weight: 94.11 g/mole

Color:Colorless to light pink

pH (1% soln/water): Not available.

Boiling Point: 182°C (359.6°F) Melting Point: 42°C (107.6°F)

Critical Temperature: 694.2 (1281.6°F) Specific Gravity: 1.057 (Water = 1) Vapor

Pressure: Not applicable.

Vapor Density: 3.24 (Air = 1)

Volatility: Not available.

Odor Threshold: 0.048 ppm

Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: The product is more soluble in oil; log(oil/water) = 1.5

Ionicity (in Water): Not available.

Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water, methanol, diethyl ether, acetone

Solubility: Easily soluble in methanol, diethyl ether. Soluble in cold water, acetone.

Solubility in water: 1g/15 ml water. Soluble in benzene. Very soluble in alcohol,

chloroform, glycerol, petroleum, carbon disulfide, volatile and fixed oils, aqueous

alkali hydroxides, carbon tetrachloride, acetic acid, liquid sulfur dioxide. Almost

insoluble in petroleum ether. Miscible in acetone. Sparingly soluble in mineral oil.


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Conditions of Instability: Heat, ignition sources (flames, sparks), light, incompatible

materials

Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with oxidizing agents, metals,

acids, alkalis.

Corrosivity: Extremely corrosive in presence of copper. Slightly corrosive in

presence of stainless steel(304), of stainless steel(316). Non-corrosive in presence of

glass, of aluminum.

Special Remarks on Reactivity: Air and light sensitive. Prone to redden on exposure

to light and air. Incompatible with aluminum chloride, peroxydisulfuirc acid,

acetaldehyde, sodium nitrite, boron trifluoride diethyl ether + 1,3 - butadiene,

isocyanates, nitrides, mineral oxidizing acids, calcium hypochlorite, halogens,

formaldehyde, metals and alloys, lead, zinc, magnesium and their alloys, plastics,

rubber, coatings, sodium nitrate + trifluoroacetic acid. Phenol + isocyanates results in

heat generation, and violent polymerization. Phenol + 1,3-butadiene and boron

trifluoride diethyl ether complex results in intense exothermic reaction. Phenol +

acetaldehyde resultes in violent condensation.

Special Remarks on Corrosivity: Minor corrosive effect on bronze. Severe corrosive

effect on brass.

Polymerization: Will not occur


Routes of Entry: Absorbed through skin. Dermal contact. Eye contact. Inhalation.

Ingestion.

Toxicity to Animals: Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 270 mg/kg [Mouse]. Acute dermal

toxicity (LD50): 630 mg/kg [Rabbit].

Chronic Effects on Humans: CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: A4 (Not classifiable for

human or animal.) by ACGIH, 3 (Not classifiable for human.) by IARC. MUTAGENIC

EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or

yeast. May cause damage to the following organs: kidneys, liver, central nervous

system (CNS).

Other Toxic Effects on Humans: Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive,

irritant), of ingestion, . Hazardous in case of skin contact (sensitizer, permeator), of


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eye contact (corrosive), of inhalation (lung corrosive).

Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals: Lowest Published Lethal Dose: LDL

[Human] - Route: Oral; Dose: 140 mg/kg LDL [Infant] - Route: Oral; Dose: 10,000

mg/kg

Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: Animal: passes through the

placental barrier. May cause adverse reproductive effects and birth defects

(teratogenic) Embryotoxic and/or foetotoxic in animal. May affect genetic material

(mutagenic).

Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:


Ecotoxicity: Ecotoxicity in water (LC50): 125 mg/l 24 hours [Fish (Goldfish)]. >50

mg/l 1 hours [Fish (Fathead minnow)]. >50 mg/l 24 hours

[Fish (Fathead minnow)]. >33 mg/l 72 hours [Fish (Fathead minnow)]. >33 ppm 96

hours [Fish (Fathead minnow)].

BOD5 and COD: Not available



Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The products of degradation are less

toxic than the product itself.

Special Remarks on the Products of Biodegradation: Not available.


Waste Disposal: Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and

local environmental control regulations.


DOT Classification: CLASS 6.1: Poisonous material

Identification: Phenol, solid UNNA: 1671 PG: II

Special Provisions for Transport: Not available


Federal and State Regulations: Connecticut hazardous material survey.: Phenol

Illinois toxic substances disclosure to employee act: Phenol Illinois chemical safety

act: Phenol New York release reporting list: Phenol Rhode Island RTK hazardous


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substances: Phenol Pennsylvania RTK: Phenol Minnesota: Phenol Massachusetts RTK:

Phenol Massachusetts spill list: Phenol New Jersey: Phenol New Jersey spill list:

Phenol Louisiana RTK reporting list: Phenol Louisiana spill reporting: Phenol TSCA

8(b) inventory: Phenol TSCA 4(a) proposed test rules: Phenol TSCA 8(a) IUR: Phenol

TSCA 8(d) H and S data reporting: Phenol: effective: 6/1/87; sunset: 6/01/97 SARA

302/304/311/312 extremely hazardous substances: Phenol SARA 313 toxic chemical

notification and release reporting: Phenol CERCLA: Hazardous substances.: Phenol:

1000 lbs. (453.6 kg)


Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). EINECS: This product is on the European Inventory of

Existing Commercial Chemical Substances.


WHMIS (Canada): CLASS D-1A: Material causing immediate and serious toxic effects

(VERY TOXIC). CLASS D-2A: Material causing other toxic effects (VERY TOXIC). CLASS

E: Corrosive solid.

DSCL (EEC): R24/25- Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed. R34- Causes

burns. R40- Possible risks of irreversible effects. R43- May cause sensitization by skin

contact. R52- Harmful to aquatic organisms. S1/2- Keep locked up and out of the

reach of children. S24- Avoid contact with skin. S26- In case of contact with eyes,

rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S28- After contact

with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water S37/39- Wear suitable gloves and

eye/face protection. S45- In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice

immediately (show the label where possible).

S46- If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label.

S56- Dispose of this material and its container at hazardous or special waste

collection point.

HMIS (U.S.A.):

Health Hazard: 3 Fire Hazard: 2

Reactivity: 0 Personal Protection: j

National Fire Protection Association (U.S.A.):

Health: 4 Flammability: 2 Reactivity: 0

Specific hazard:

Protective Equipment: Gloves. Synthetic apron. Vapor and dust respirator. Be sure

to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wear appropriate respirator

when ventilation is inadequate. Splash goggles


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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): Polyethylene Glycol 400


Product Name: Polyethylene Glycol

Chemical Formula: H (OCH2CH2)nOH


Composition:

Name CAS # % by Weight Polyethylene glycol 400 25322-68-3 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Polyethylene glycol 400: ORAL (LD50): Acute:

30200 mg/kg [Rat]. 28915 mg/kg [Mouse]. 26800 mg/kg [Rabbit]. DERMAL (LD50):

Acute: >20000 mg/kg [Rabbit]. VAPOR (LC50): Acute: >13 ppm 8 hours [Rat].


Potential Acute Health Effects: Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant,

permeator), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation.

Potential Chronic Health Effects: CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.

MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.

DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. Repeated or prolonged exposure is not

known to aggravate medical condition



immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Cold water may

be used. Get medical attention if irritation occurs.

Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient.

Get medical attention if irritation develops. Cold water may be used.

Serious Skin Contact: Not available


If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention.

Serious Inhalation: Not available.





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Auto-Ignition Temperature: Not available.

Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 226.67°C (440°F). OPEN CUP: 231.11°C (448°F).



Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Slightly flammable to flammable

in presence of heat. Non-flammable in presence of shocks


product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Slightly explosive in

presence of open flames and sparks: Not available.



Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: Not available.

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards: Not available.


Small Spill: Dilute with water and mop up, or absorb with an inert dry material and

place in an appropriate waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading water

on the contaminated surface and dispose of according to local and regional authority

requirements

Large Spill: Absorb with an inert material and put the spilled material in an

appropriate waste disposal. Finish cleaning by spreading water on the contaminated

surface and allow to evacuate through the sanitary system. Be careful that the

product is not present at a concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS

and with local authorities.



equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/

vapor/spray. Wear suitable protective clothing. If ingested, seek medical advice


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immediately and show the container or the label. Keep away from incompatibles such

as oxidizing agents, acids, alkalis.

Storage: Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area.


Engineering Controls: Provide exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to

keep the airborne concentrations of vapors below their respective threshold limit

value. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are proximal to the work-

station location.

Personal Protection: Safety glasses. Lab coat. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an

approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves.

Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill: Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor

respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self-contained breathing apparatus should be used to



Exposure Limits: TWA: 10 (mg/m3) from AIHA Consult local authorities for

acceptable exposure limits.


Physical state and appearance: Liquid. (Viscous)

Odor: Odorless

Taste: Not available

Molecular Weight: 400 (380-420)g/mole

Color: Clear


Boiling Point: Not available. Melting Point: 4°C (39.2°F) - 6 C.

Critical Temperature: Not available. Specific Gravity: 1.1254 (Water = 1)

Vapor Pressure: Not available. Vapor Density: Not available. Volatility: Not

available.

Odor Threshold: Not available.

Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: Not available. Ionicity (in Water): Not available.

Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water.


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Solubility: Soluble in cold water, hot water. Readily soluble in aromatic

hydrocarbons. Slightly soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons




Conditions of Instability: Incompatible materials (strong oxiders), excess heat.

Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with oxidizing agents, acids,

alkalis.

Corrosivity: Non-corrosive in presence of glass.

Special Remarks on Reactivity: Slightly Hygroscopic

Special Remarks on Corrosivity: Not available.

Polymerization: Will not occur


Routes of Entry: Absorbed through skin. Eye contact.

Toxicity to Animals: Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 26800 mg/kg [Rabbit]. Acute

dermal toxicity (LD50): >20000 mg/kg [Rabbit]. Acute toxicity of the vapor (LC50):

>13 8 hours [Rat].

Chronic Effects on Humans: Not available.

Other Toxic Effects on Humans: Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant,

permeator), of ingestion, of inhalation.



Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans: Acute Potential Health

Effects: Skin: It may cause mild skin irritation. It may be absorbed through the skin,

but absorption of harmful amounts is unlikely. Eyes: It may cause mild eye irritation.

Inhalation: At room temperature, exposure to vapor is minimal due to low volatility.

A single exposure is not likely to be hazardous. Ingestion: Low toxicity. Harmful

effects not anticipated from swallowing small amounts. Ingestion of larger amounts

may cause nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension. It may also affect the

urinary system. Prolonged or repeated ingestion may affect metabolism (weight loss).



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Ecotoxicity: Ecotoxicity in water (LC50): >5000 mg/l 24 hours [Goldfish].

BOD5 and COD: Not available



Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The products of degradation are less

toxic than the product itself.






DOT Classification: Not a DOT controlled material (United States).

Identification: Not applicable.

Special Provisions for Transport: Not applicable.


Federal and State Regulations: Minnesota: Polyethylene glycol 400 TSCA 8(b)

inventory: Polyethylene glycol 400

Other Regulations: Not Available


WHMIS (Canada): Not controlled under WHMIS (Canada).

DSCL (EEC): Not Available S24/25- Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

HMIS (U.S.A.):

Health Hazard: 1 Fire Hazard: 1

Reactivity: 0 Personal Protection: g

National Fire Protection Association (U.S.A.):

Health: 0 Flammability: 1 Reactivity: 0

Specific hazard:

Protective Equipment: Gloves. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an

approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Safety glasses


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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): Rosin (Gum)


Product Name: Rosin (Gum)


Composition:

Name CAS # % by Weight

Rosin (Gum) 8050-09-7 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Rosin (Gum) LD50: Not available. LC50: Not

available.


Potential Acute Health Effects: Hazardous in case of ingestion. Slightly hazardous in

case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of inhalation.

Potential Chronic Health Effects: Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact

(sensitizer). CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not

available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not

available. The substance may be toxic to lungs, skin. Repeated or prolonged exposure

to the substance can produce target organs damage.



immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical

attention if irritation occurs.

Skin Contact: In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at

least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Cover the

irritated skin with an emollient. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes

before reuse. Get medical attention.

Serious Skin Contact: Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated

skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek medical attention.


If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention.

Serious Inhalation: Not available.



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Auto-Ignition Temperature: Not available.

Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 187°C (368.6°F). OPEN CUP: 205°C (401°F).


Products of Combustion: Not available.

Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Slightly flammable to flammable

in presence of heat. Non-flammable in presence of shocks


product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Slightly explosive in

presence of open flames and sparks.



Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: Thermal decomposition products include

formaldehyde, acetone, methanol, aldehydes, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide,

methane, ethane, and acids.

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards: Fine dust dispersed in air in sufficient

concentrations, and in the presence of an ignition source is a potential dust explosion

hazard.


Small Spill: Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste

disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading water on the contaminated surface

and dispose of according to local and regional authority requirements

Large Spill: Use a shovel to put the material into a convenient waste disposal

container. Finish cleaning by spreading water on the contaminated surface and allow

to evacuate through the sanitary system. Be careful that the product is not present at

a concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.


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equipment containing material. Do not breathe dust. Keep away from incompatibles

such as oxidizing agents.

Storage: Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area.


Engineering Controls: Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other

engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommended exposure limits. If

user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to

airborne contaminants below the exposure limit.

Personal Protection: Safety glasses. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an

approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves.

Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill: Splash goggles. Full suit. Dust

respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used to



Exposure Limits: Rosin Core Solder Pyroloysis Products: TWA: 0.1 (mg/m3) (as

formaldehyde) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] Gum Rosin (solid): TWA: 10

(mg/m3) Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.


Physical state and appearance: Solid.

Odor: Not available.

Taste: Not available.

Molecular Weight: Not available.

Color: Yellow. (Light.)


Specific Gravity: 1.06 - 1.08 @ 25 deg. C (Water = 1)

Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water, diethyl ether.


Stability: Stable


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Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with oxidizing agents.

Corrosivity : Non-corrosive in presence of glass.

Special Remarks on Reactivity: Not available. Special Remarks on Corrosivity: Not

available.

Polymerization: Will not occur.


Routes of Entry: Inhalation. Ingestion.

Toxicity to Animals: LD50: Not available. LC50: Not available.

Chronic Effects on Humans: May cause damage to the following organs: lungs, skin.

Other Toxic Effects on Humans: Hazardous in case of ingestion. Slightly hazardous

in case of skin contact (irritant), of inhalation



Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans: Acute Potential Health

Effects: Rosin has two types of hazards - from the rosin itself, and from the thermal

decomposition products. The thermal decomposition products (aka Rosin Core

Solder Pyrolysis Products) include formaldehyde, acetone, methanol, aldehydes,

carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, and acids. The handling of the

rosin in the solid state is expected to be a low hazard. It may cause skin, eyes, and

respiratory tract irritation. Ingestion may cause digestion tract irritation. The thermal

decomposition products of Rosin (Rosin core solder pyrolysis products) can be

irritating to the eyes, nose, throat in acute exposure. Chronic Potential Health Effects:

Skin: Repeated or prolonged skin contact with the rosin itself can cause contact

dermatitis, an allergic reaction. It can also cause eczema. Inhalation: Repeated or

prolonged inhalation of the rosin dust or smoke can cause asthma, an allergic

reaction. Rosin core solder pyrolysis products can be sensitizing, and exposures

should be reduced to as low as possible


Ecotoxicity: NA

BOD5 and COD: NA

Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: Not available.



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DOT Classification: Not a DOT controlled material (United States).

Identification: Not applicable.

Special Provisions for Transport: Not applicable.


Federal and State Regulations: Minnesota: Rosin (Gum) TSCA 8(b) inventory: Rosin

(Gum)


Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). EINECS: This product is on the European Inventory of

Existing Commercial Chemical Substances.


WHMIS (Canada): CLASS D-2A: Material causing other toxic effects (VERY TOXIC).

DSCL (EEC): R43- May cause sensitization by skin contact. S24- Avoid contact with

skin. S37- Wear suitable gloves

HMIS

(U.S.A.): Health Hazard: 2

Fire Hazard: 1

Reactivity: 1

Personal Protection: E

National Fire Protection Association (U.S.A.): Health: 2

Flammability: 1

Reactivity: 0

Equipment: Gloves. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified

respirator or equivalent. Wear appropriate respirator when ventilation is inadequate.

Safety glasses


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Annexure No. 10 Minutes of Public Hearing _English


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Annexure No. 11 Consent to Establish


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Annexure No. 12 Consent to Operate


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Annexure No. 13 Environmental Audit Statement


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Documents

E nnvvviiirrroon nmmmeeenntttaaalll oIIImmmpppaaacccttt ...environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/...Dujodwala Products Ltd. Kumbhivali, E District Raigad Environmental Impact