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E. Napp
The Zhou and the Qin Dynasties
In this lesson, students will be able to identify characteristics of the Zhou and Qin dynasties.
Students will be able to identify and/or define the following terms:
The Mandate of Heaven
Confucianism
Daoism
A Strong Central Government
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The first known dynasty of China was theShang dynasty. This dynasty united the people living around the Huang He and
Yangtze river valleys.
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The Zhou Dynasty• Around 1027 B.C., the Zhou conquered
the Shang.
• The Zhou dynasty lasted longer than any other Chinese dynasty. It lasted from 1027 B.C. to 221 B.C.
• Zhou rulers claimed the right to rule or the Mandate of Heaven.
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The Zhou dynasty lasted longer than anyother Chinese dynasty.
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Mandate of Heaven • The Mandate of Heaven was the Chinese
belief that the gods picked the emperor to rule but the gods could also remove a bad emperor from power.
• The Mandate of Heaven can be viewed as the right to rule.
• The ruler kept the Mandate of Heaven for as long as he ruled effectively.
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Zhou rulers claimed
theMandate of
Heaven or theright to rule.
However, thegods could
remove the ruler’s
right to rule.
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Philosophers during Zhou China• During the Zhou dynasty, two important
Chinese philosophies developed.
• Confucianism and Daoism were two significant philosophies developed during the Zhou dynasty.
• Both philosophies stressed the importance of harmony as Zhou China experienced increased warfare.
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Confucius was animportant Chinese
philosopher.He stressed the
importance of orderto achieve harmony.Confucius believedthat if people knewand did what theyshould do, thenharmony would
occur.
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It is believed thatthe founder of
Daoism or Taoismwas Lao Tzu.Daoism was aphilosophy that
stressed theimportance of
nature. By livingnaturally, harmonycould be achieved.
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The Qin Dynasty• In 221 B.C., the Qin dynasty emerged.
• The Qin dynasty established a strong central government or a strong government that controlled all of China’s local rulers.
• The Qin ruler was the first Chinese ruler to call himself emperor.
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Shi Huang-Ti was the first Chinese emperor. He united China under one
ruler.
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Centralization• Shi Huang-Ti was a harsh but strong ruler.
• He introduced a uniform system of writing.
• He ordered the execution of people who disagreed with him.
• The Chinese were forced to obey his rules.
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During Qin China,the Chinese beganbuilding the GreatWall of China.The Great Wall ofChina was built toprotect China fromnomadic invaders.
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Questions for Reflection:• Define the Mandate of Heaven.• How did the Chinese explain the rise of a
new dynasty?• How did Confucianism differ from Daoism?• Who was Shi Huang-Ti?• Why did the Chinese build the Great Wall
of China?• What are characteristics of a strong
central government?