E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, …environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/03032015… · · 2015-03-03Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG

Environmental Impact Assessment Report

On

Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG

Basin in East Godavari, West Godavari

and Krishna districts of A.P.

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd (A Govt. of India Enterprise),

Rajahmundry Asset Rajahmundry-533106

Corporate Health Safety and Environment Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. (ONGC)

8th Floor, SCOPE Minar, South Tower, Laxmi Nagar, Delhi-110092

2014

Environmental Impact Assessment Report

On

Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin in East

Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna districts of A.P.

2014

Authors

Dr. J. S. Sharma GM (Chem)- Head Environment, CHSE

V.R.K.S. Sarma DGM (Chem)-Head Asset HSE

V.K. Sharma AEE (Environment)- Asset HSE

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd (A Govt. of India Enterprise),

Rajahmundry Asset Rajahmundry-533106

Corporate Health Safety and Environment Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. (ONGC)

8th Floor, SCOPE Minar, South Tower, Laxmi Nagar, Delhi-110092

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The publication of this document was made possible with the

constant encouragement, continual support and guidance of Shri N.K.

Verma, Director (Exploration), Shri M.C. Das, GGM-Chief CHSE and

Shri P.K. Rao, ED-Asset Manager Rajahmundry Asset.

Shri S. Gururajan GM (M), Shri P.R. Bhavana, GM (Geology), Dr.

M. Ramakrishna, DGM (Geology), Shri N.S.R.Murthy DGM (Chem),

Shri P.T. Rao, CE (Drilling), Shri M. K. Das, Senior Geologist, Shri I.M.

Jamir, EE (Reservoir), Smt. Y. Satyavathi, Asst. Supdt and Shri A.

Subbarao, Attendant grade II are gratefully acknowledged for their

valuable support and inputs.

BACKGROUND

ONGC, Rajahmundry Asset prepared the necessary EIA report for the „Development Drilling in 40 wells in East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh‟ as per the TORs issued vide F. NO. J-11011/31/2012-IA II (I) dated 17.07.2012 by Jan‟14 itself, and the public hearings were duly conducted at Krishna District for 5 wells and in West Godavari district for 13 wells in January and March 2014 respectively. The minutes issued in respect of the two public hearings conducted with all other relevant documents were duly included in the EIA Report.

However the public hearing in East Godavari district in respect of the remaining 22 wells out of the total of 40 wells could not be conducted despite the same was planned to be held first in March 14, then in April 14 and again in June 2014 due to the unavoidable reasons such as Samaikhya Andhra Agitation, Municipal/ Local/ General Elections and the unexpected GAIL pipeline incident respectively.

In the 21st EAC meeting held on 01.08.2014, EAC agreed to split the project –

„Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin in East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna districts of A.P.‟ into two parts as given below and consider them separately for grant of EC:

Part 1- Development Drilling of 18 wells in KG Basin in West Godavari and Krishna districts of A.P.

This part of the project was considered by the EAC as the Public Hearings were conducted in both the districts and Minutes of Meeting were duly included in the EIA Report submitted to Ministry and the EAC members. EC has been accorded to the 18 development wells of Krishna and West Godavari district vide F. No. J-11011/31/2012-IA II (I) dated 25.11.2014.

Part 2- Development Drilling of 22 wells in KG Basin in East Godavari district of A.P.

This part was not considered for grant of EC as the Public Hearing could not be

conducted. The EAC suggested giving a separate proposal for these wells. Subsequently, a proposal was submitted for grant of TORs in respect of Part 2

of the Project and the same was listed in the agenda of the 23rd

EAC meeting held on 29.10.2014.

It was informed by EAC that in view of the decision of MoEFCC to extend

validity of the TORs issued originally for a period of two years to three years, it is advised to conduct the public hearing in respect of the Part 2 of the project and submit the minutes of the same for consideration of EAC.

Accordingly, the Public Hearing in respect of Part 2 of the project titled -

Development Drilling of 22 wells in KG Basin in East Godavari district of A.P. was duly conducted on 06.01.2015 at Mandapeta and the Minutes of Meeting issued by APPCB, EG District Kakinada duly uploaded in the MoEF site for consideration for grant of EC.

Issues raised during Public Hearings in respect of proposed Development Drilling activities in Godavari Onland and West Godavari PML blocks in the three districts viz. East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna. 1. Issues raised at Public Hearing at Kaikaluru, Krishna District

S.L. No.

Issue Issue raised by Reply by the ONGC to the specific issue

1 Land Subsidence .

a. Prof. G. Krishna Rao, Retd. Prof. of Geology, Andhra University Visakhapatnam.

b. Sri Mente Someswara Rao, Krishna Godavari Deltala Parirakshan Samithi.

c. Sri. Gopala Krishna Raju, Krishna Godavari Deltala Parirakshan Samithi.

Subsidence may be due to groundwater exploitation in these areas. The Sub-committee, constituted by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF), made the observations that land subsidence has been reported and observed in the areas where extensive extraction of underground water has been carried out. Oil and gas reservoirs have limited aerial extents and therefore not prone to subsidence. ONGC has outsourced the work to investigate indications of Land Subsidence due to Hydrocarbon Exploration in KG-PG Basin to Delta Studies Institute, Andhra University. Notification of Award and Scope of Work for Hiring of Services to investigate indications of Land Subsidence due to Hydrocarbon Exploration in KG-PG Basin has been attached as Annexure F in this report

2 Intrusion of Saline water in agricultural fields and ground water

a. Sri. Gopala Krishna

Raju, Krishna

Godavari Deltala

Parirakshan

Samithi.

b. Prof. G.Krishna

Rao, Retd. Prof. of

Geology, Andhra

University

Visakhapatnam.

Groundwater salinity is not due to any leakage of hydrocarbons and their associated produced water from the production wells. Production wells are constructed with many layers of casing pipes with outer most one covering the shallow aquifers up to sufficient depths and it protects the groundwater from any leakage effects. Ground water contaminated wells are quite away from the production wells. Even if there is contamination, it could be a local phenomenon and cannot be widespread as the aquifers are

generally highly localized due to deltaic sedimentation pattern. Intrusion of seawater in the tube wells is due to over exploitation of groundwater. Seawater percolates into the inland parts from the seacoast. According to the Sub-committee‟s observations some studies have suggested extensive aquaculture could be a factor for groundwater salinity in the area.

3 Extracted gas is transported to Gujarat and other states.

a. Sri C Venugopala Rao, Rytu Samakya

b. Sri Ghantasala Venkata Subbaraju, Sarpanch, Chatakaya Panchayat

c. R. Ratnakar Rao, Advocate, Kaikaluru.

ONGC is not exporting Gas to other states from its operational areas in Rajahmundry Asset.

4. Request for employment of youth and establishment of ITI, Fisheries college, Polytechnic etc.

a. R. Ratnakar Rao, Advocate, Kaikaluru.

Welfare projects are being taken up by ONGC as per the CSR policy in and around the operational areas. In addition to the above, special component plans for SC/ST community is being aided under the aegis of ONGC CSR spending by Rajahmundry Asset in East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna District for the last four financial years i.e. 2010-2014 has been attached as Annexure G in this report

5. Sea Encroachment and Coastal Erosion

a. Prof. G. Krishna

Rao, Retd. Prof. of

Geology, Andhra

University

Visakhapatnam.

Sea encroachment and Coastal Erosion can be attributed to global warming and sea level rise effect.

2. Issues raised at Public Hearing at Penugonda, West Godavari District

Sl. No.

Issues Issue raised by Reply by the ONGC to the specific issue

1 Regarding authorized person for attending the grievances of the farmers.

Sri Chinnam Ramireddy,, Farmer, Chinnamvaripalem village & Chinnam Gerata Reddy, Farmer, Cherukota Village

The Asset Manager, ONGC who is the 1st person, is responsible. Farmers can address a letter to the Asset Manager for redressal of any grievance of the farmers.

2 Regarding land acquisition, land compensation & leftover land beside land acquired.

Sri Chinnam Ramireddy, Farmer, Chinnamvaripalem Village, Sri Chinnam Gerata Reddy, Cherukota Village & Sri Ch. Venugopal, Vijayawada.

Land acquisition is carried under the supervision of the Special Grade Deputy Collector and compensation package is given as per his recommendations based on the Acts and Rules on land acquisition. However, compensation can be paid on 10% extra land in case of partial land left over to the farmer during acquisition, which is under the scope of the Asset Manager, ONGC at Rajahmundry.

3 Regarding handover of the acquired lands and obstruction for drains and Canals due to approach road to the well platform area.

Sri Chinnam Ramireddy, Farmer, Chinnamvaripalem Village, Sri Chinnam Gerata Reddy, Cherukota Village

If Oil and Gas reserves are found to be economically viable to draw, then land of 30 m X 30 m is sufficient for their activities and remaining acquired land will be handed over to the farmer after restoration of the land. If the reserves of Gas or Oil are unviable in the Well , then they close the well completely and handover the land to the land owner after land restoration. However in some cases, the farmer is given compensation for restoration on his request as some of them are proposed to establish to any activity like poultry farms etc.

Drains and Canals are diverted by providing hume pipes in laying the approach roads to avoid obstruction to the drains / canal flow to the downstream area.

They are not forcing the farmers in land acquisition. If any well falls in the land of farmers who are not

interested to give their land to ONGC, they are adopting latest technology by drilling that well from other areas without causing any inconvenience to that farmer.

4 Regarding proposing for drilling of 8 wells in Chinnamvaripalem even though one well was abandoned earlier.

Sri Chinnam Ramireddy, Farmer, Chinnamvaripalem Village,

All these 8 wells will be taken up by ONGC only and not outsourced to any private oil drilling company as ONGC is a Public Sector Company and requested not to make any apprehensions against the ONGC.

5 Regarding drilling of 8 wells in Chinammvaripalem which would affect the village if they acquired land for 8 wells.

Farmer from Chinnamvaripalem

Only one rig is proposed to be established in one location only and 8 wells to be drilling from this location with single rig, so as to take only 5-6 Acres instead of 40 Acres (i.e. 5 Acres / location X 8 locations) even though it is costly for ONGC than establishing individual drilling locations at 8 places. This proposal is being adopted to save the fertile lands and also to save the Environment.

6 Regarding action taken by ONGC during carrying of drilling activities.

Sri T. Rama Reddy, Penugonda Village

ONGC is informing the well drilling information to the nearest police station. Revenue Authorities and local bodies in the village.

7 Regarding restoration of approach roads.

Sri Chinnam Venkata Ramireddy, Farmer, Eletipadu & Sri V.Bharadwaja, Achanta Village

ONGC is restoring the approach roads after completion of project work to its original status. ONGC laying the roads to the original status i.e. Blacktop, after using the existing village roads for their vehicles after completion of the project.

ONGC has given a commitment to strengthen the existing roads before starting their project so as to move their heavy vehicles.

8 Regarding developments of House layouts in acquired land.

Sri V. Chandra, Journalist

ONGC are taking agreement from the owners of the land acquired that the acquired land should not be used for other purpose viz., for development of house layouts etc.

9 Compensation to the rodent affected farmers of the lands surrounding the well platform

Sri V. Bharadwaja, Achanta Village; Chinnam Ramireddy, Chinnamvaripalem & Chinnam Gerata

ONGC agreed to give compensation to the rodent affected farmers as per the recommendation of the Spl. Grade Deputy Collector. They proposed to take measures to control rodent

area. Reddy, Cherukota menace.

10 Regarding Groundwater Pollution & Salt water intrusion into ground water:

Prof. G. Krishna Rao, Retired Professor of Geology, Andhra University & Sri M. Krishnam Raju, Krishna Godavari Deltala Parirakshana Samithi, Bhimavaram

The earth is with different layers. The ground water table is available in the aquifer with varying depths at different locations, may be ranging from 10ft to 500 ft depth from Coastal area to upland areas.

The ONGC is using 5 casings with concrete cement at initial depth where generally ground water is existing to avoid entering of ground water into the well pipes and vice versa. The drilling depth is between 3.5 Km to 5.5 Km and there is no chance of entering of ground water and salt water into pipe casing and vice versa. Hence, there will not be any chance of groundwater pollution due to drilling activity of the ONGC.

ONGC referred to one of the News Paper item, in which it was reported that ground water quality is decreasing in Coastal Region of Andhra Pradesh from Bhimunipatnam to Ongole sea coast which was due to Salt water intrusion into ground water because of drawing of ground water excessively in unscientific manner. This incident occurs in all Coastal regions.

11 Regarding land subsidence

Sri M.V. Suryanarayana Raju, Krishna Godavari Deltala Parirakshana Samithi, Bhimavaram; Prof. G. Krishna Rao, Retired Professor of Geology, Andhra University and Sri Kalidindi Gopalakrishnam Raju, Member, Krishna Godavari Deltala Parirashana Samithi.

ONGC explained that land subsidence is occurred depending on different factors and some of the areas are furnished as below.

i) Collapse of underground mines which leads to land subsidence.

ii) Dissolution of lime stone aquifers.

iii) Excess withdrawal of ground water

iv) Over extraction of Oil & Gas under certain Geological factors.

There are several Geological factors that influence the land subsidence due to Oil & Gas exploration. Such factors are Area, age of the rock, Reservoir

depth (Stretch of the Oil & Gas reservoir), Rock type, Pay thickness (i.e., Rock containing Oil & Gas), Annual production, period of Production, No. of flowing wells etc.

ONGC presented comparison between Wilmington Oil field and KG Basin with data and concluded that KG basin is not prone to land subsidence.

As per the directions of the Hon‟ble High Court, the Government of India has constituted a Expert committee. The Expert Committee has visited the KG basin area i.e., East Godavari District and submitted their report to the Government of India in which they suggested to carry the study with prominent organization like Indian School of Mines (ISM), Dhanbad regarding apprehensions of land subsidence due to Oil & Gas exploration by the Petitioners.

As per the directions of the Government of India, ONGC called for Global tenders in which four prominent institutes viz., IIT, Bombay, Osmania University, Andhra University and one foreign institute. ONGC has given the work order to Andhra University who are lowest bidder and Andhra University is proposed to carry the study based on the bench mark system and also RADAR System by tying up with South Whale Institute, Australia with timeframe of two years. The report is yet to be submitted by Andhra University.

Notification of Award and Scope of Work for Hiring of Services to investigate indications of Land Subsidence due to Hydrocarbon Exploration in KG-PG Basin has been attached as Annexure F in this report

12. Regarding intrusion of Sea water into Agriculture fields

Prof. G. Krishna Rao, Retired Professor of Geology, Andhra University, Sri M. Krishnam Raju, Krishna Godavari Deltala Parirakshana Samithi, Bhimavaram.

Intrusion of Sea water into Agriculture fields in Coastal areas is due to Global warming and this was established by the scientists.

For this, ONGC presented a paper clipping published in the News Paper in which it was mentioned that sea levels are rising in Krishna Godavari Deltas because of Global warming, land subsidence and Shoreline erosion caused by Aqua ponds.

3. Issues raised at Public Hearing at Mandapeta, East Godavari

District

S. no.

Issues raised Response by ONGC

1 The details of survey numbers, land owner etc., were not incorporated in the REIA report

With regard to survey numbers of the proposed well sites and farmers of the respective lands, informed that M/S. ONGC anticipating Oil & Gas reserves in this area and the exact location of the wells are not yet finalized and exact location of these wells will be finalized only after survey by the concerned Surveyor / Tahsildar

2 Land Subsidence M/s. ONGC informed that there is no evidence with regard to land subsidence due to oil & gas exploration for further examination, a work order was issued to Andhra University for study on land subsidence.

3 Salt water intrusion and Crop yield due to land subsidence

Point Wise compliance of TORs for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin in East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna districts of A.P. (MoEF letter F. NO. J-11011/31/2012-IA II (I) dated 17.07.2012) 1 Executive summary of project Provided (Page No. 1-7)

2 Project description, project objectives and project benefits

Provided (Page No. 1 and 8-11)

3

Site details within 1 km of the each proposed well, any habitation, any other installation/activity flora and fauna, approachability to site, other activities including agriculture/land, satellite imagery for 10 km area.

Site details provided in page no. 12-16 and page no. 45-46. The bio diversity profile from secondary sources has been incorporated in page 76-92

4 Details of forest land involved in the proposed project. A copy of forest clearance letter, applicable.

Not applicable

5

Permission from the State Forest Department regarding the impact of the proposed plant on the surrounding National Park/Wild life Sanctuary/Reserve Forest/Eco sensitive area, if any. Approval obtained from the State/Central Government under Forest (Conservation Act, 1980) for the forest land should be submitted.

Not applicable

6 Distance from nearby critically/severely polluted area as per Notification dated 13th January, 2010 if applicable.

Not applicable

7 Does proposal involves rehabilitation and resettlement? If yes, details thereof.

NO

8

Details of project cost. The total cost implications for the proposed activities are Rs 440 Cr for Development Drilling of 40 Wells in West Godavari and Godavari Onland PML Block KG Basin, A.P.

9

Details of all the facilities including CGS, GGS, OCS, produced water treatment etc. to be installed, if existing facilities, give details.

Given in Table 1 on Page no. 3

10

Environmental considerations in the selection of the drilling locations for which environmental clearance is being sought. Present any analysis suggested for minimizing the foot print giving details of drilling and development option considered.

Provided on Page No.93-120. Development drilling activity has very low pollution potential. The EIA report outlines the EMP for the minor impacts envisaged

11 Baseline data collection for air, water and soil for one season leaving the monsoon

Primary data on air quality, water and soil in the three

season in at area of 10km radius with centre of Oil Field as its centre covering the area of all proposed drilling wells.

districts around proposed development drilling locations have been collected.

i Topography of the project site. Give on Pg. No. 2

ii Ambient Air quality monitoring at 8 locations for PM10, SO2, NOx, VOCs, Methane and non-methane HC.

Ambient Air quality data given in Table 13-17 on Pg. No. 47-52

iii Soil sample analysis (physical and chemical properties) at the areas located at 5 locations.

Soil Quality data given in Table 28-32 on Pg. No. 71-76

iv Ground and surface water quality in the vicinity of the proposed wells site.

Ground and surface water quality data given in Table 23-27 on Page No. 63-71

v Climatology and Meteorology including wind speed, wind direction, temperature rainfall relative humidity etc.

Meteorological Data given in Table 18-20, Fig. 7-12 on Page No.52-61

vi Measurement of Noise levels with 1 km radius of the proposed wells.

Noise level Monitoring data given in Table 21-22 at Page No. 62-63

vii Vegetation and land use: Animal resources.

Given on Page No. 76-92

12 Incremental GLC as a result of DG set operation.

Given on Page No. 96

13

Potential Environmental impact envisages during various stages of project activities such as site activation, development, operation / maintenance and decommissioning.

The EIA report outlines the EMP for potential environmental impacts during different stages of drilling activity on Page No. 121-134

14

Actual source of water and „Permission‟ for the drawl of water from the Competent Authority. Detailed water balance, waste water generation and discharge.

Water is supplied by contractor through tankers for which contractor obtains necessary permission.

15

Noise abatement measures and measures to minimize disturbance due to light and visual intrusions in case coastally located.

As Noise levels are within acceptable limits, no mitigation measures are necessary. The proposed locations are not coastally located.

16 Treatment and disposal of waste water. The procedure is outlined in

Page No.124-126 and No. 128-130

17 Treatment and disposal of solid waste generation

The procedure is outlined in Page No. 128-130

18 Disposal of spent oil and loose materials. The procedure is outlined in

Table- 48 on Page No. 132

19 Storage of chemicals and diesel at site. Chemicals and diesel are stored

as per procedures

20 Commitment for the use of WBM only. Only WBM will be used

21 Mud make up and mud and cutting disposal-All options considered should be

Mud along with cuttings are stored in the lined waste pit as

listed with selective option. approved by APPCB after completion of drilling activities.

22 Hazardous material usage, storage accounting and disposal.

All materials stored as per approved procedures

23

Disposal of packaging waste from site. Drums, plastic containers, bags etc. are sent to Narasapur yard for further disposal through authorized agencies.

24 Oil spill control and emergency plans in respect of recovery / reclamation.

Given at Page No. 157-163

25 H2S and fugitive emissions control. No H2S is present KG

development wells

26 Produced oil handling and storage. Oil produced during testing is

transported to GGS by tanker.

27 Details of scheme for oil collection system along with process flow diagram and its capacity.


28 Details of control of air, water and noise pollution in oil collection system.


29 Disposal of produced/formation water Produced water is injected sub

surface.

30 Whether any burn pits being utilized for well test operations.

No such pits are constructed. No onsite incineration attempted.

31

Restoration and decommissioning plans which should include mud pits and wastage restoration also and documentation and monitoring of site recovery.

All drill sites after completion will be restored as per Reclamation plan as given on Page No. 131-132

32 Measures to protect ground water and shallow aquifers from contamination.

All wells are cased and cemented. All waste pits have impermeable lining.

33

Risk assessment and disaster management plan for independent reviews of well-designed construction etc. for prevention of blow out.

Risk assessment and Disaster Management Plan are given on Page No. 135-163

34

Environmental management plan and environmental audit to be conducted.

EMP is given on Page No. 121-134.Environmental audit shall be conducted during drilling operations.

35 Documentary proof of membership of common disposal facilities, if any.

NO

36

Details of environmental and safety related documentation within the company including documentation and proposed occupational health and safety. Surveillance safety programme for all personnel at site. This should also include monitoring programme for the environmental.

All drilling rigs are certified for ISO-14001, OHSAS-18001 and ISO-9001.Documentation on Quality, Occupational health, Safety and Environment Management are duly addressed in the ISO certified QHSE Management systems for ensuring proper monitoring and

continued improvement.

37 Total capital and recurring cost for environmental control measures.

Rs 13.5 lakhs per well.

38

A copy of Corporate Environment policy of the ONGC as per the Ministry‟s O.M. No. J-11013/41/2006/1A.II (I) dated 26th April, 2011 available on the Ministry‟s website.

Given as Annexure- B

39

Any litigation pending against the project and or any direction/order passed by any court of law against the project. If so details thereof.

No litigations are pending against the proposed project .

40 A tabular chart with index for point-wise compliance of above TORs.

Given as Annexure- A

The following general points should be noted.

i All documents should be properly indexed, page numbered.

Noted

ii Period/date of data collection should be clearly indicated.

Noted

iii

Authenticated English translation of all material provided in Regional languages.

Executive Summary of The Environment Impact Assessment Report in English and local language (Telugu) submitted to RO, APPCB of all three districts for conducting Public Hearing.

iv The letter/application for EC should quote the MoEF file No. and also attach a copy of the letter.

Given as Annexure-C

v A copy of the letter received from the Ministry should be also attached as an annexure to the final EIA-EMP Report.

Given as Annexure-D

vi

The final EIA-EMP report submitted to the Ministry must incorporate the issues in this letter. The index of the final EIA-EMP report must indicate the specific chapter and page no. of the EIA-EMP Report where the above issues have been incorporated.

Complied

vii

While preparing the EIA report, the instructions for the proponents and instructions for the consultants issued by MoEF vide O.M.NO.J-11013/41/2006-1A.II (I) dated 4th August, 2009, which are available on the website of this Ministry should also be followed.

Complied

viii Certificate of Accreditation issued by the QCI to the environmental consultant should be included.

Noted but NA

E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, A.P.

Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page i

CONTENTS

List of Tables ....................................................................................... vii

List of Figures ........................................................................................ x

List of Annexure .................................................................................. xi

1. Executive Summary ........................................................................ 1

1.1. Introduction ............................................................................................ 1

1.2. Project Profile ........................................................................................ 2

1.3. Baseline Environmental Quality Status ....................................... 4

1.3.1. Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) ........................................................ 4

1.3.2. Noise Levels ..................................................................................... 5

1.3.3. Water Quality .................................................................................. 5

1.3.4. Disposal of drill cuttings ............................................................. 6

1.3.5. Socio-economic .............................................................................. 7

1.3.6 Environmental Management Plan ........................................... 7

1.3.7. Post Project Management .......................................................... 7

2. Introduction ...................................................................................... 8

2.1. Present Development Scenario of Krishna-Godavari Basin 8

2.2. Purpose and Basis of the Environmental Impact

Assessment ................................................................................................... 17

3. Drilling Technology and Process Description ..................... 19

3.1. Drilling Facilities ................................................................................ 21

3.2. General Requirements of Drilling ............................................... 21

(a) Drilling Mud ....................................................................................... 22

(b) Power Generation ........................................................................... 23

(c) Water Requirements ...................................................................... 23

(d) Domestic Wastewater ................................................................... 24

(e) Solid Removal ................................................................................... 24


Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page ii

(f) Drill Cuttings and Waste Residual Mud................................... 24

(g) Testing ................................................................................................. 25

(h) Chemical Storage ............................................................................. 25

(i) Manpower ........................................................................................... 25

(j) Logistics ................................................................................................ 25

(k) Site Restoration................................................................................ 25

3.3 Production Testing ............................................................................ 25

4. Methodology followed for Environmental Impact

Assessment .......................................................................................... 27

4.1. Methodology ........................................................................................ 27

4.1.1. Air Environment ......................................................................... 27

4.1.2. Noise Environment .................................................................... 28

4.1.3. Land Environment ..................................................................... 28

4.1.4. Water Environment ................................................................... 28

4.1.5. Biological Environment (from secondary sources) ..... 28

4.1.6. Socio-economic Environment (from secondary

sources) ...................................................................................................... 28

4.1.7. Anticipated Environmental Impacts ................................... 28

4.2. Mitigation Measures ......................................................................... 29

4.3. Environmental Management Plan .............................................. 29

4.4 Post Project Monitoring ................................................................... 29

5. Protocol for Environmental Baseline Data Collection ...... 30

5.1. Air Environment ................................................................................ 30

5.2. Design of Network for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Locations ....................................................................................................... 30

5.2.1. Reconnaissance ........................................................................... 30

5.2.2. Micrometeorology ...................................................................... 31

5.3. Noise Environment ........................................................................... 31


Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page iii

5.3.1. Methodology for Noise Monitoring ..................................... 32

5.4. Water Environment .......................................................................... 33

5.4.1. Reconnaissance ........................................................................... 33

5.4.2. Water Resources and Requirement .................................... 33

5.4.3. Baseline Water Quality ............................................................. 33

5.5. Biological Environment .................................................................. 34

5.5.1. Biological Characteristics ........................................................ 34

5.5.2. Species Composition ................................................................. 35

5.5.3. Species Diversity ......................................................................... 35

5.6. Social Forestry .................................................................................... 36

5.7. Socio-economic Environment ...................................................... 37

5.7.1. Baseline Status ............................................................................ 38

5.7.2. Socio-economic Survey ............................................................ 38

5.7.3. Quality of Life (QoL) .................................................................. 40

6. Baseline Environmental Quality Status ................................. 43

6.1 Description of Environment ........................................................... 43

6.1.1 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) ...................................................... 47

6.1.2 Meteorological Conditions ....................................................... 52

6.1.3 Noise Environment ..................................................................... 62

6.1.4 Water Quality ................................................................................ 63

6.1.5 Soil Environment ......................................................................... 71

6.1.5 Biological Environment ............................................................ 76

6.1.5.1 Biodiversity of the Study Area ............................................ 76

6.1.5.2 Vegetative Composition of the Study Area .................... 77

7. Anticipated Environmental Impacts, Evaluation &

Mitigation Measures ......................................................................... 93

7.1. Environmental Impacts Associated with Drilling ................ 93


Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page iv

7.2. Air Environment ................................................................................ 95

7.3. Noise Environment ........................................................................... 98

7.4. Land Environment ............................................................................ 99

7.5. Water Environment ....................................................................... 101

7.6. Biological Environment ............................................................... 103

7.6.1. Terrestrial Environment ...................................................... 103

7.6.2. Aquatic Environment ............................................................. 104

7.6.3. Socio-economic Environment ............................................ 104

7.7. Environmental Impact Evaluation ........................................... 104

7.7.1. Ecology......................................................................................... 104

7.7.2. Environmental Pollution ...................................................... 104

7.7.3. Aesthetics ................................................................................... 105

7.7.4. Socio-economics ...................................................................... 105

7.8. Environmental Impact Statement ............................................ 105

7.8.1 Air Environment ....................................................................... 106

7.8.2. Noise Environment ................................................................. 106

7.8.3. Land Environment .................................................................. 107

7.8.4. Water Environment ................................................................ 107

7.8.5. Biological Environment ........................................................ 107

7.8.6. Socio-economic Environment ............................................ 108

7.8.7. Positive Impacts ....................................................................... 112

7.8.8. Negative Impacts ..................................................................... 112

7.9. Mitigation Measures ...................................................................... 113

7.10 Project Post monitoring Program .......................................... 120

8. Environmental Management Plan ........................................ 121

8.1. Drilling Fluids ................................................................................... 122

8.2. Air Environment ............................................................................. 123


Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page v

8.3. Noise Environment ........................................................................ 124

8.4. Land Environment ......................................................................... 124

8.5. Water Environment ....................................................................... 124

8.6. Biological Environment ............................................................... 127

8.7. Socio-economic Environment ................................................... 127

8.8. Waste Management Plan ............................................................. 128

8.8.1. Disposal Options ...................................................................... 128

8.8.2. Waste Reduction, Reuse & Recycle .................................. 129

8.8.3. Waste Mud & Drill Cuttings Disposal Plan .................... 130

8.9. Environment Protection and Reclamation Plan ................ 131

8.10. Plans for Well Site Operation and or Abandonment ..... 131

8.11. Drilling Program Safety Guidelines ...................................... 132

8.11.1. General ...................................................................................... 133

9. Risk Assessment, Emergency & Disaster Management

Plan ...................................................................................................... 135

9.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 135

9.2 Risk Assessment Methodology................................................... 135

9.3 Risk Assessment ............................................................................... 138

9.3.1 Risk Associated with Design & Planning......................... 139

9.3.2 Risk Associated with Approach Road .............................. 139

9.3.3 Risk Associated with Drilling & Testing .......................... 139

9.3.4 Risk Associated with Rig Transportation and Building/

Dismantling ............................................................................................ 140

9.4 Disaster Management Plan .......................................................... 142

9.4.1 Objective of Disaster Management Plan ......................... 142

9.4.2 Disaster Management Plan: Key Elements .................... 142

9.4.3 Type of Anticipated Hazards ............................................... 146

9.5 Contingency Plan for Oil Spill ..................................................... 157


Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page vi

9.5.1 Action ............................................................................................ 157

9.5.2 Preventing Oil Spills ................................................................ 158

9.5.3 Mitigation Measure .................................................................. 158


Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page vii

List of Tables Table No.

Description Page No.

Table 1 Expected Production and Facilities to be connected 3

Table 2 Range of values of critical parameters of ambient air quality

5

Table 3 Range of values of ambient Noise level quality 5

Table 4 Range of values of critical parameters of Water quality 6

Table 5 PML Blocks in KG Basin 8

Table 6 Proposed 40 Development Locations 9

Table 7 (A)

Coordinates of Godavari Onland PML Block, KG basin 12

Table 7 (B)

Coordinates of West Godavari PML Block, KG basin 15

Table 8 Details of E&P Facilities in East Godavari District 16

Table 9 Details of E&P Facilities in West Godavari District 16

Table 10 Details of E&P Facilities in Krishna District 17

Table 11 Chemicals Used In Water Based Drilling Mud 22

Table 12 Mud Additives and their Functions in Water Based Drilling Fluids

23

Table 13 Range of values of parameters of ambient air quality 47

Table 14 Ambient Air Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block of East Godavari district (I)

48

Table 15 Ambient Air Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block of East Godavari district (II)

49

Table 16 Ambient Air Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block of West Godavari district

50

Table 17 Ambient Air Quality Data at proposed locations in West Godavari PML Block of Krishna district

51

Table 18 Daily Wind Direction and Wind Speed in Kmph from Kakinada station for East Godavari and West Godavari District wells

52

Table 19 Daily Wind Direction and Wind Speed in Kmph from Gannavaram station for Krishna District wells

54

Table 20 Monthly Meteorological Data for the Year – 2012 55

Table 21 Range of values of ambient Noise level quality 62

Table 22 Ambient Noise Levels at proposed Locations in East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna District

62

Table 23 Range of values of parameters of Water quality 63

Table 24 Water Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block of East Godavari district (I)

65


Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page viii

Table 25 Water Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block of East Godavari district (II)

66

Table 26 Water Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block of West Godavari District

68

Table 27 Water Quality Data at proposed locations in West Godavari PML Block of Krishna District

70

Table 28 Range of values of parameters of soil quality 72

Table 29

Soil Analysis (Base Line Data) at proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block of East Godavari district (I)

73

Table 30 Soil Analysis (Base Line Data) at proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block of East Godavari district (II)

74

Table 31 Soil Analysis (Base Line Data) at proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block of West Godavari District

75

Table 32 Soil Analysis (Base Line Data) at proposed locations in West Godavari PML Block of Krishna District

75

Table 33 Species Wise Growing Stock 79

Table 34 List of Major Shrubs & Trees 82

Table 35 List of medicinal plants 85

Table 36 List of marine fishes 91

Table 37 Impact Significance Criteria 93

Table 38 Identification of Likely Impacts from Drilling – Impacts/Risks Interaction

94

Table 39 Impact Significance of Air Quality during Drilling 96

Table 40 Emissions during Drilling of Development Wells 96

Table 41 Impact Significance of Waste Generation during Development drilling

100

Table 42 Impact Significance of Water Resource & Quality during Development drilling

102

Table 43 Noise Exposure Levels to Typical Drilling Rigs 106

Table 44 Characteristics of typical Solid Wastes produced at typical Drill Site (Dry Weight Basis)

107

Table 45 Prediction of Qualitative Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment

109

Table 46 Expected Change in Subjective Quality of Life 110

Table 47 Expected Change in Average Quality of Life 111

Table 48 Classification of Wastes generated during proposed drilling and their disposal options

132


Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page ix

Table 49 Consequence Factor 137

Table 50 Probability of Occurrence (Likelihood) 138

Table 51 Legislation 138

Table 52 Risk Assessment Criteria 138

Table 53 Risk Assessment Matrix Drilling 140

Table 54 Standard Operating Practices for Blowout

148


Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page x

List of Figures Figure

No. Description

Page No.

Fig 1. Map showing proposed locations in East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna Districts

11

Fig 2. Diagram of typical on-land Drilling Rig 20

Fig 3. Drilling Fluid Circulation 21

Fig.4 Typical schematic diagram of Production Testing at Drill site

26

Fig 5. Topographical Map showing proposed locations in East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna Districts

45

Fig 6. Map showing proposed locations in West Godavari and Godavari Onland PML Blocks in East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna District

46

Fig 7. Wind Rose Diagram for 1st -9th October, 2012 at Kakinada Station for proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block for East Godavari and West Godavari District wells

56

Fig 8.

Wind Rose Diagram for 10th - 18th November, 2012 at Kakinada Station for proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block for East Godavari and West Godavari District wells

57

Fig 9.

Wind Rose Diagram for 19th - 27th December, 2012 at Kakinada Station for proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block for East Godavari and West Godavari District wells

58

Fig 10. Wind Rose Diagram for 19th - 27th October , 2012 at Gannavaram Station for proposed locations in West Godavari PML Block for Krishna District wells

59

Fig 11. Wind Rose Diagram for 10th- 18th November , 2012 at Gannavaram Station for proposed locations in West Godavari PML Block for Krishna District wells

60

Fig 12 Wind Rose Diagram for 19th - 27th December, 2012 at Gannavaram Station for proposed locations in West Godavari PML Block for Krishna District wells

61

Fig 13. Forest Distribution in East Godavari District 77

Fig 14. Forest Distribution in West Godavari District 81

Fig 15. Forest Distribution in Krishna District 84

Fig 16. Impact Network for Air Environment 114

Fig 17. Impact Network for Noise Environment 115

Fig 18. Impact Network for Water Environment 116

Fig 19. Impact Network for Land Environment 117

Fig 20. Impact Network for Socio-economic Environment 118

Fig 21. Comprehensive Impact Network 119

Fig 22. Typical Drill Site Layout 126

Fig 23. Hazard Identification: Black Box Approach 136

Fig 24. Organogram for On-site Emergency 144

Fig 25. Organogram for Off-Site Emergency 145

Fig 26. BOP Stack 147


Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page xi

List of Annexure Annexure A A tabular chart with index for point-wise compliance of TORs.

Annexure B Corporate Environment policy of the ONGC as per the Ministry‟s O.M.No.11013/41/2006/1A.II (I) dated 26th April, 2011 available on the Ministry‟s website.

Annexure C The letter/application for EC

Annexure D The letter received from the Ministry

Annexure E Details of Hydrocarbon Fields

Annexure F Notification of Award and Scope of Work to Delta Studies Institute, Andhra University for Hiring of Services to investigate indications of Land Subsidence due to Hydrocarbon Exploration in KG-PG Basin.

Annexure G CSR spending by Rajahmundry Asset in East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna District

Annexure H Minutes of Public Hearings of Krishna, West Godavari and East Godavari Districts


Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page xii

OIL AND NATURAL GAS CORPORATION LTD

Project Details in Brief

Regd. Office Project Office ONGC Ltd ONGC Ltd Jeevan Bharti Building, Tower-II, 124, Godavari Bhavan, Rajahmundry Asset Indira Chowk, New Delhi-110001 Rajahmundry-533106 Tel: 91-11-23301000/23310156/23721756 Tel: 0883-2494100 Fax: 91-11-23316413 Fax: 0883-2440670

Project Title: “Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin in East Godavari, West Godavari

and Krishna districts of A.P”

Location Details:

S. No

Field / No. of wells (Anticipated

Locations)/Name/ Target Depth(m)

District PML

Block Coordinates

Village (No. of wells)

Mandal

1 Mandapeta / 8/3100 East

Godavari Godavari Onland

Lat 16 deg 48 min 5 sec Long 81 deg 54 min 15 sec

Alamuru (3)

Alamuru

Mandapeta (5) Mandapeta

2 Kesavadasupalem /

1/ 1800

East


Lat 16 deg 20 min 2.66 sec Long 81 deg 46 min 9.81 sec

Kesavadasupalem (1)

Sakhinetipalli

3 Kesanapalli west /

5/ 2500

East



Kesanapalli (5) Malkipuram

4 Kammapalem / 7/

2700

East



Kammapalem (7) Hamlet of Sivakodu

Razole

5 Vygreswaram / 1/

4000 East



Vygreswaram (1) Ambajipeta

6 Penugonda /

10/3350

West



Eleti Padu (2) Iragavaram

Chinnamvaripalem (8)

Penugonda

7 Lakshmaneswaram

/ LSDA/2500

West


Lat 16 deg 16 min 04.96 sec Long 81 deg

Lakshmaneswaram (1)

Narsapur


Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page xiii

41 min 00.65 sec

8 Penugonda / PGDA/3350

West



Pittala Vemavaram (1)

Peravalli

9 Penugonda / PGDB/3350

West



Siddantham (1) Penugonda

10 Kaikaluru / 3/2500 Krishna West

Godavari


Kaikaluru (3) Kaikaluru

11 Lingala / 1/2500 Krishna

West

Godavari


Pedda Kamanapudi (1)

Mudinepalli

12 Nandigama/ 1

/4100 Krishna

West

Godavari


Munjuluru (1) Bantumilli

Total 40 wells

Project Cost: Approx. Rs. 440 Crores for drilling of 40 wells. Water requirement: About 10 m3/day is for domestic use and 15 m3/day for operations Water Availability: Supply through water tanks. Site details: Agricultural land, no habitation & no other activity. There is no Forest

Cover within 30 Km from the site. HSD Consumption: D.G sets (AC-SCR Type.) have a peak diesel consumption of

about 3-4 m3/day, whereas during testing operations the diesel consumption is about 0.5-2 m3/day.

Quantity of drill cuttings generated: Approximately 212 m3 of drill cuttings will be generated over a period of 40-45 days for from each well. Only Water Based Mud (WBM) will be used.

Land requirement: Approx. 5-6 acres for each location. Time Period: Development drilling is a temporary activity. Each location takes around 3

to 4 months in normal conditions.


Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page 1

1. Executive Summary

1.1. Introduction

India ranks as the world‟s 7th largest primary energy producer and the 5th

largest energy consumer. The per capita consumption of energy in India is

one of the lowest in the world (around 0.3 tonnes of O+OEG compared to

world average of 1.8). With a population of 1.21 billion, the country‟s energy

needs are expected to grow about four fold from 493 Million Tonnes of Oil

Equivalent (MTOE) to 1856 MTOE by 2032. Hydrocarbon sector plays pivotal

role in India‟s energy sector with a 52% share in the commercial energy

basket.

Today, ONGC has been the largest producer of the oil and gas in the country,

contributing 72.4% of the crude oil and 48.5% of the natural gas production.

At present, over 75% of India‟s oil requirements are being met by imports and

India‟s known oil and gas reserves form a mere 0.8% of the world reserves of

petroleum. Given the limited reserves and growing demand, India is heavily

dependent on import of crude oil and petroleum products. Current demand

and supply projections indicate that the level of self-sufficiency is likely to

decline below 25% over the next few years. Substantial efforts are therefore

necessary to boost the development activity in the country. This will enable to

discover new hydrocarbon fields and the level of crude oil and gas production

can then be significantly increased in the years to come. The development

drilling is a one-time activity and the operations last a very short period of 3-4

months under normal conditions.

The present report is being submitted for grant of Environmental Clearance to

development drilling wells in ONGC‟s West Godavari and Godavari Onland

PML Blocks in the Krishna Godavari basin of Andhra Pradesh. The plan for

development of these highly prospective projects of Rajahmundry Asset is

essentially driven by the need for greater energy security of India.

This report comprises of baseline data on air quality status including VOCs,

ambient noise levels, surface and ground water quality status, soil quality



studies, brief on demography etc. In addition, methodology followed for

preparation of this report and process descriptions of development drilling

have also been discussed.

The report also documents anticipated environmental impacts, evaluation and

mitigation measures based on baseline data collected during study period.

The environmental management plan of development drilling activities has

also been delineated in the report based on impact evaluation and regulatory

requirements.

Topography of KG Basin

In Krishna-Godavari basin the natural processes in fluvio-marine

environments carve out landforms, which are dynamic but always keep

attaining equilibrium. These landforms of the basin are modified unless buried

by continued fluvial processes. Such paleo-beach ridges can be seen near

Amalapuram of Godavari delta. The fluvial plains are a composite of many

landforms like natural levees, point bars, channel bars, abandoned channels,

meander cutoffs and flood pains. The fluvial plain is constructed by three

major rivers of Gautami, Vasistha and Vainatyam.

The fluvial plain of Krishna river system showed south westward migration of

the drainage through Hamsala Deevi. Presently, this form is a distributory of

Krishna River with major drainage to the south of Avanigadda. The overall

slope of the Godavari delta is gentle towards coast. The Inter deltaic plain

occupies the area between two river systems.

1.2. Project Profile

ONGC‟s Development activities are confined to two on land PML blocks, viz.,

West Godavari and Godavari Onland, in the Krishna Godavari Basin, Andhra

Pradesh. These two PML blocks spread over in 3 districts viz., East Godavari,

West Godavari and Krishna Districts of Andhra Pradesh. Under the present

proposal EC is sought in respect of 40 locations out of which 5 locations are

of West Godavari PML Block in Krishna District and 35 locations are of

Godavari Onland PML Block. Out of these 35 locations, 13 locations are

falling in West Godavari District and 22 locations are falling in East Godavari

District of A.P.



The total cost implications for the proposed activities are Rs 440 Cr for

Development Drilling of 40 Wells in West Godavari and Godavari Onland PML

Block KG Basin, A.P.

The details of the proposed locations, the expected production of Oil and Gas,

the expected produced water and the installations to which the proposed

locations are planned to be connected are as given below in Table 1

Table 1: Expected Production and Facilities to be connected

S.

no.

Proposed

Locations/ Field/

Target Depth(m)

PML

Block

Expected

Production

of Oil/ Gas

(m3/day)

Expected

Produced

Water

(m3/day)

GCS/GGS/EPS

facilities to be

Connected

1 Mandapeta / 8/3100

Godavari

Onland

Gas-2,00,000

m3/d NIL Mandapeta GCS

2 Kesavadasupalem / 1/ 1800

Godavari

Onland

Gas-25,000

m3/d NIL Mori GCS

3 Kesanapalli west / 5/ 2500

Godavari

Onland

Oil- 100 m3/d

Gas-1,20,000

m3/d

NIL Kesanapalli west

GGS

4 Kammapalem / 7/ 2700

Godavari

Onland

Gas-30,000

m3/d NIL Pasarlapudi GCS

5 Vygreswaram / 1/ 4000

Godavari

Onland

Gas-20,000

m3/d NIL Mandapeta GCS

6 Penugonda / 10/3350

Godavari

Onland

Gas-1,50,000

m3/d NIL Kavitam EPS

7 Lakshmaneswaram / LSDA/2500

Godavari

Onland

Gas-50,000

m3/d NIL Narsapur GCS


Godavari

Onland

Gas-5,000



Godavari

Onland

Gas-8,000


10 Kaikaluru / 3/2500

West

Godavari

Gas-60,000

m3/d NIL Lingala GGS



11 Lingala / 1/2500

West

Godavari Oil- 20 m3/d NIL Lingala GGS

12 Nandigama / 1 /4100

West

Godavari

Gas-30,000

m3/d NIL Nandigama EPS

1.3. Baseline Environmental Quality Status

The baseline data provide the foundation for assessment studies since they

help to identify site-specific impacts on various components of environment.

The baseline status also helps relate the effects of the project activities on the

environmental components and allows the identification of the parameters that

need to be monitored. The information concerning these parameters for the

present study has been collected directly through field measurements and

from secondary data sources. The meteorological data is obtained from the

IMD Centre, Hyderabad, who continuously monitors weather parameters from

different established weather data collecting stations.

1.3.1. Ambient Air Quality (AAQ)

AAQ including the VOCs are monitored in respect of the fields/areas

comprising the proposed locations so that the data shall be representative of

the prevailing base line air quality of the operational areas of the basin for the

year 2012-13. The monitoring/sampling stations were established so as to

capture locations in upwind and downwind directions for SO2, NOx, PM10 and

PM2.5, CO, Methyl and Non Methyl Hydrocarbon, Ozone, Lead, Ammonia,

Benzene and Benzopyrene etc. The 24hr average value of ambient air quality

in respect of all the parameters is observed to be well within the prescribed

CPCB limits in KG Basin. Range of values of parameters of ambient air

quality is given in the table below:



Table 2: Range of values of critical parameters of ambient air quality

S. no.

Parameters East Godavari District (22 wells)

West Godavari District (13 wells)

Krishna District (5 wells)

1 SO2 4-8.4 µg/m3 7.1-7.7 µg/m3 4-7.3 µg/m3

2 NOx 5-12 µg/m3 8.6-9.3 µg/m3 9-11 µg/m3

3 CO 0.24-0.51 mg/m3 0.18-0.2 mg/m3 0.31-0.59 mg/m3

4 PM 2.5 11-23 µg/m3 20-28 µg/m3 16-21 µg/m3

5 PM 10 33-67 µg/m3 46-59 µg/m3 55-61 µg/m3

6 Ammonia 9-14 µg/m3 9.6-10.1 µg/m3 12-16 µg/m3

7 Ozone 9.5-11.6 µg/m3 10.9-11.3 µg/m3 10.6-12.9 µg/m3

8 Benzene 0.05-0.08 µg/m3 <0.05 µg/m3 0.05-0.07 µg/m3

1.3.2. Noise Levels

Range of values of ambient Noise level quality is as given in the table below:

Table 3: Range of values of ambient Noise level quality

S. no.

Noise Levels

East Godavari District (22 wells)



1 Day Time 42.8-57.4 dB 48.6-56.9 dB 42.7-54.6 dB

2 Night Time 35.4-44.3 dB 40.0-44.9 dB 36.2-44.8 dB

1.3.3. Water Quality

Water consumption at the drilling sites is expected to be about 25 m3/d of

which 15 m3/d will be used for mud preparation and about 10 m3/d used for

drinking and domestic purposes. Waste water generation would be about 10-

15 m3/d. Most of the generated wastewater is recycled for the preparation of

drilling fluid.

During the study, ground water monitoring stations were selected for water

quality assessment. The parameters tested included pH, TDS, Chlorides,

TSS, EC, Heavy metals and other parameters in line with the requirement of

regulatory agencies.



Samples of ground water and surface water were analyzed for base line

studies at proposed new locations. Range of values of parameters of Water

quality is given in the table below:

Table 4: Range of values of critical parameters of Water quality

S. no.




1 pH 7.04– 7.60 7.31 – 7.62 7.22 – 7.51

2 TDS 174-699 mg/L 211-609 mg/L 217-5760 mg/L

3 TSS 4.3-9.6 mg/L 3.6-9.3 mg/L 4-8.8 mg/L

4 Pb 0.001-0.005 mg/L 0.001-0.003 mg/L 0.001-0.009 mg/L

5 Cd <0.001 mg/L <0.001 mg/L <0.001 mg/L

6 Cu 0.001-0.002 mg/L 0.001-0.002 mg/L 0.001-0.002

7 Ni <0.001 mg/L <0.001 mg/L <0.001 mg/L

8 Zn 0.001-0.17 mg/L 0.002-0.05 mg/L 0.001-0.12 mg/L

9 Cr 0.001-0.003 mg/L <0.001 mg/L 0.001-0.005 mg/L

10 Sulphide &

Phenolic

Compounds

Negligible amounts Negligible

amounts

Negligible

amounts

11 Oil & grease Not detected Not detected Not detected

1.3.4. Disposal of drill cuttings

ONGC carried out a project in collaboration with Central Road Research

Institute, Delhi on testing of drill cuttings for their toxicity if any due to the

potential presence of any toxic metals. The studies revealed the non-

hazardous nature of the drill cuttings and based on the results of these

studies it is recommended that the drill cuttings may be used in road making.

The results are very encouraging as the cuttings show very good bonding

characteristics.

In addition, this report also presents information collected from secondary

data resources on biological environment, socio-economic status etc.



1.3.5. Socio-economic

This report examines environmental and socio-economic impacts of the

proposed activity from site clearance, preparation of the site, testing,

completion/abandonment, rig dismantling and restoration. On evaluation of

environmental impact it is observed that the real benefits of proposed activity

can be accomplished through implementation of adequate preventive and

control measures

The impact on community health due to the proposed drilling activities will be

negligible but at the same time social status will improve due to increase in

employment opportunities etc. There will be positive impact on transportation,

communication in the region.

ONGC is operating in the study area for more than 25 years and the baseline

studies carried out reflected practically no impact of ONGC operations on the

environmental quality over these years. It was found that the quality of air

and water is within the regulatory norms, implying that drilling activities

have no significant impact on the prevailing environmental conditions.

1.3.6 Environmental Management Plan

The Environmental Management Plan of ONGC provides a delivery

mechanism to address potential adverse impacts, to instruct contractors and

to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project work.

The EMP has been developed into a stand-alone system covering each stage

of the drilling activity viz. disposal of unused mud, cuttings, recycling etc.

1.3.7. Post Project Management

All the drilling locations of the West Godavari and Godavari Onland PML

Blocks will be restored and covered by the native top soil if well goes dry.

During drilling and after drilling air quality monitoring will be carried out.

This report also provides point-wise response to the EAC- approved MoEFs

Terms of Reference.



2. Introduction

2.1. Present Development Scenario of Krishna-Godavari Basin

ONGC has been operating in Krishna-Godavari Basin for the past 35 years. In

order to exploit Hydrocarbons in the KG basin, ONGC had conducted EIA

studies, based on which following Environment Clearances were accorded by

the Ministry of Environment and Forests:

1. F.No.J-11011/563/2008-IA II (I) Dated 22nd April, 2010 for development

drilling of 38 locations in KG Basin and establishment of two Early

Production Facilities.

2. F.No.J-11011/439/2011-IA II (I) Dated 16th September, 2013 for

development drilling of 24 locations in KG Basin and establishment of

Early Production Facility (one) at Malleswaram, district Krishna, AP

As a part of compliance of the stipulations of MoEF, various environmental

monitoring activities are being carried out in the project locations continuously.

The Hydrocarbon reserve data obtained from the various wells drilled so far

have shown very encouraging results and hence it is planned to drill 40

development wells in West Godavari and Godavari Onland PML Blocks of KG

Basin in three districts of A.P. viz. East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna.

The details of the PML Blocks and the number of wells proposed to be drilled

are as given in Table 5.The details of wells to be drilled are given in Table 6.

The block coordinates are presented in Table 7 A & 7 B.

Table 5: PML Blocks in KG Basin

Sl.

No.

Work Centre Project Description Area in

Sq. Km

No. of

wells

1. KG BASIN Development drilling in

Godavari Onland PML Block

2176.00 35

2. KG BASIN Development drilling in West

Godavari PML Block

1278.32 5



Table 6: Proposed 40 Development Locations

S. No

Field / No. of wells (Anticipated Locations)/Name/ Target Depth(m)

District PML

Block Coordinates

Village (No. of wells)

Mandal

1 Mandapeta / 8/3100 East


Lat 16 deg 48 min 5 sec Long 81 deg 54 min 15 sec

Alamuru (3)

Alamuru

Mandapeta (5) Mandapeta

2 Kesavadasupalem / 1/ 1800

East



Kesavadasupalem (1)

Sakhinetipalli

3 Kesanapalli west / 5/ 2500

East



Kesanapalli (5) Malkipuram

4 Kammapalem / 7/ 2700

East



Kammapalem (7) Hamlet of Sivakodu

Razole

5 Vygreswaram / 1/ 4000

East Godavari

Godavari Onland


Vygreswaram (1) Ambajipeta

6 Penugonda / 10/3350

West



Eleti Padu (2) Iragavaram

Chinnamvaripalem (8)

Penugonda

7 Lakshmaneswaram / LSDA/2500

West



Lakshmaneswaram (1)

Narsapur


West



Pittala Vemavaram (1)

Peravalli


West



Siddantham (1) Penugonda



10 Kaikaluru / 3/2500 Krishna West

Godavari


Kaikaluru (3) Kaikaluru

11 Lingala / 1/2500 Krishna

West

Godavari


Pedda Kamanapudi (1)

Mudinepalli

12 Nandigama/ 1 /4100

Krishna West

Godavari


Munjuluru (1) Bantumilli

Total 40 wells

The operational areas in KG On-land cover 3454.32 sq.km. This is a unique

basin where the hydrocarbons are discovered in the geologically oldest (250

Million years) to the youngest (5 Million years) sediments. The overall success

ratio is 1:2.4. The efforts led to the discovery of 59 small-to-medium sized

hydrocarbon fields (given in Annexure E) with about 234.9 MMT (Oil & Oil

Equivalent Gas) of initial in-place on-land reserves as on 01.04.2013.

The current production of Oil is 800-860 Metric tons / day and of Gas is 3.2-

4.2 MMSCM/day from various facilities located in this area. The KG basin

holds ample promise for additional reserve accretion and the Petroleum

Ministry is keen on continuing the exploitation activity by a few more years.

Thus, a number of new well locations have been identified for drilling

development wells

The proposed project will lead to higher production of oil and gas from KG

Basin which in turn helps in enhancing Energy Security and Economic

Security of the nation.



Fig 1: Map showing proposed locations in East Godavari, West Godavari

and Krishna Districts



Table 7(A): Coordinates of Godavari Onland PML Block, KG basin

Point Latitude Longitude

Deg. Min. Sec. Deg. Min. Sec.

ENDAMURU-1 PML

A 16 52 20.00 82 7 42.00

B 16 51 18.00 82 8 51.00

C 16 50 63.00 82 9 29.00

D 16 51 52.00 82 7 16.00

ENDAMURU-4 PML

A 16 52 20.00 82 7 42.00

B 16 53 8.00 82 9 12.00

C 16 53 8.00 82 9 53.00

D 16 51 18.00 82 8 51.00

MANDAPETA PML

A 16 50 16.00 81 55 8.00

B 16 48 9.00 81 56 14.00

C 16 47 43.00 81 56 47.00

D 16 46 16.00 81 56 60.00

E 16 46 1.00 81 55 46.00

F 16 46 41.00 81 54 48.00

G 16 47 0.00 81 52 13.00

H 16 49 34.00 81 52 58.00

ENUGUPALLI PML

A 16 32 53.00 81 54 13.00

B 16 33 52.00 81 55 54.00

C 16 32 56.00 81 56 29.00

D 16 31 69.00 81 54 48.00

PENUMADAM-1 PML

A 16 32 62.00 81 45 18.00

B 16 35 2.00 81 47 39.00

C 16 35 28.00 81 49 23.00

D 16 33 34.00 81 47 12.00

E 16 32 26.00 81 45 40.00

MEDAPADU PML

A 16 30 26.00 81 43 37.00

B 16 31 38.00 81 47 3.00

C 16 30 25.00 81 47 32.00

D 16 29 6.00 81 44 6.00

ELAMANCHILI PML

H 16 27 25.00 81 44 25.00

I 16 27 25.00 81 43 40.00

J 16 29 10.00 81 44 55.00

K 16 29 10.00 81 48 40.00

L 16 28 20.00 81 46 40.00

RAZOLE – 1& 2 PML

A 16 29 2.00 81 45 39.00

B 16 27 44.00 81 47 25.00

C 16 25 52.00 81 45 52.00

D 16 25 37.00 81 45 50.00

E 16 25 18.00 81 45 15.00

F 16 25 47.00 81 45 20.00

G 16 26 23.00 81 44 38.00

H 16 27 25.00 81 44 25.00



LAKSHMANESWARAM PML

A 16 25 12.00 81 40 6.00

B 16 26 67.00 81 41 21.00

C 16 29 33.00 81 43 57.00

D 16 29 6.00 81 44 6.00

E 16 29 33.00 81 45 9.00

F 16 29 10.00 81 44 55.00

G 16 27 25.00 81 43 40.00

H 16 24 39.00 81 41 0.00

MANDAPETA-WEST PML

A 16 44 19.39 81 51 10.45

B 16 43 55.88 81 52 35.17

C 16 41 59.15 81 54 11.64

D 16 40 34.04 81 52 53.62

E 16 42 48.60 81 51 6.24

MANDAPETA-19 PML

E 16 46 15.00 81 56 50.00

H 16 47 43.00 81 58 47.00

I 16 48 18.00 81 58 21.00

J 16 47 42.00 81 58 33.00

PENUMADAM-2 PML

A 16 32 52.00 81 45 18.00

B 16 35 2.00 81 47 39.00

N 16 33 25.80 81 46 0.00

ENDAMURU-7&9 PML

A 16 53 14.70 82 10 25.00

B 16 54 7.60 82 12 50.10

C 16 53 19.00 82 13 9.40

D 16 52 26.10 82 10 44.30

MANEPALLI EXTN. PML

A 16 30 50.00 81 50 50.00

B 16 31 15.00 81 51 16.00

C 16 32 15.00 81 52 20.00

D 16 32 15.00 81 53 0.00

E 16 30 35.00 81 53 0.00

F 16 30 20.00 81 53 46.00

G 16 30 20.00 81 51 15.00

A 16 30 50.00 81 50 50.00

KAVITAM PML –PART-A

A 16 39 0.00 81 45 30.00

B 16 40 30.00 81 45 0.00

C 16 41 55.13 81 47 54.85

D 16 40 23.16 81 49 0.00

A 16 39 0.00 81 45 30.00

PART-B

E 16 39 30.00 81 49 0.00

F 16 38 30.00 81 49 0.00

G 16 36 0.00 81 45 0.00

H 16 37 0.00 81 44 30.00

E 16 39 30.00 81 49 0.00

KAVITAM (ADDITIONAL AREA) PML

I 16 39 0.00 81 45 30.00

J 16 40 30.00 81 45 0.00

K 16 38 37.77 81 41 23.87



L 16 32 38.33 81 43 50.02

M 16 37 23.51 81 51 8.69

N 16 40 23.16 81 49 0.00

I 16 39 0.00 81 46 30.00 The above area is exclusive of earlier granted Part B area of16 SKM under Kavitam PML

TURPUTALLU PML

A 16 21 40.00 81 38 50.00

B 16 21 40.00 81 39 50.00

C 16 21 10.00 81 39 50.00

D 16 21 10.00 81 38 50.00

A 16 21 40.00 81 38 50.00

TURPUTALLU (ADDITIONAL AREA) PML

E 16 25 28.20 81 41 47.41

F 16 23 4.64 81 39 29.10

G 16 20 47.35 81 36 32.34

H 16 20 16.44 81 39 26.68

I 16 23 6.76 81 42 34.37

E 16 25 28.20 81 41 47.41 The above area is exclusive of earlier granted area of12SKM under Turputallu PML

ACHANTA PML

A 16 33 34.00 81 47 12.00

B 16 35 11.43 81 50 45.00

C 16 37 8.16 81 50 45.00

D 16 33 51.77 81 46 42.91

E 16 35 2.00 81 47 39.00

F 16 35 28.00 81 49 23.00

A 16 33 34.00 81 47 12.00

CHINTALAPALLI EXTN. PML

A 16 28 9.36 81 50 19.90

B 16 27 49.68 81 50 39.25

C 16 27 27.20 81 50 14.70

D 16 27 12.00 81 50 16.00

E 16 27 8.32 81 49 54.21

F 16 24 16.07 81 45 48.79

G 16 24 27.03 81 46 20.05

H 16 27 2.90 81 47 26.72

I 16 27 13.63 81 47 54.93

J 16 27 23.00 81 47 53.00

K 16 27 32.62 81 48 49.11

A 16 28 9.36 81 50 19.90

APPLIED MAHADEVAPATNAM PML

A 16 32 31.43 81 32 22.22

B 16 34 35.99 81 34 35.08

C 16 35 9.74 81 37 42.29

D 16 36 13.28 81 38 41.36

E 16 40 50.7 81 32 46.42

F 16 36 6.04 81 28 14.14



Table 7 (B): Coordinates of West Godavari PML Block, KG basin

Point Latitude Longitude


LINGALA PML

A 16 27 48.75 81 8 42.13

B 16 27 20.22 81 9 46.52

C 16 29 0.00 81 11 20.90

D 16 29 9.46 81 9 55.79

KAIKALUR-3 PML

A 16 26 46.00 81 8 58.00

B 16 26 48.00 81 8 4.00

C 16 24 20.00 81 9 43.00

D 16 25 6.00 81 10 27.00

E 16 26 24.00 81 9 25.00

VADALI PML

A 16 25 36.00 81 8 18.90

B 16 24 48.80 81 7 31.70

C 16 24 5.40 81 8 23.90

D 16 24 51.00 81 9 8.60

NANDIGAMA PML

A 16 31 12.00 81 22 3.00

B 16 34 24.00 81 23 33.00

C 16 32 25.00 81 27 54.00

D 16 28 15.00 81 26 27.00

LINGALA EXTENSION AND KAIKALUR-12 PML

A 16 29 5.00 81 10 23.00

B 16 32 24.00 81 15 2.00

C 16 31 38.00 81 16 29.00

D 16 26 16.25 81 10 8.00

E 16 26 53.50 81 9 24.00

F 16 27 20.22 81 9 46.52

G 16 29 0.00 81 11 20.90

BANTUMILLI EXTN. PML

A1 16 24 45.00 81 20 15.00

B1 16 26 0.00 81 21 30.00

C1 16 26 0.00 81 23 45.00

D1 16 22 30.00 81 23 45.00

E1 16 22 30.00 81 20 15.00

A1 16 24 45.00 81 20 15.00

BANTUMILLI EXTN. (ADDITIONAL AREA) PML.

A 16 30 12.30 81 26 53.23

B 16 29 15.00 81 28 27.00

C 16 29 42.41 81 25 25.19

D 16 27 35.36 81 22 35.03

E 16 24 42.33 81 20 10.81

F 16 23 24.36 81 18 16.28

G 16 20 41.88 81 20 37.09

H 16 23 52.74 81 26 26.72

I 16 26 11.74 81 29 1.83

A 16 30 12.30 81 26 53.23 Remarks: The above area is exclusive of earlier granted area of 38.00 SKM under Bantumilli Extn. PML.

APPLIED MALLESSWARAM PML

A 16 18 25.06 81 18 34.80



B 16 19 20.36 81 12 3.67

C 16 20 19.00 81 13 10.00

D 16 21 59.00 81 12 17.00

E 16 34 24.00 81 23 33.00

F 16 31 12.00 81 22 3.00

G 16 29 42.41 81 25 25.19

H 16 27 35.36 81 22 35.03

I 16 24 42.33 81 20 10.81

J 16 23 24.36 81 18 16.28

K 16 21 27.41 81 19 57.72

L 16 19 18.86 81 20 15.00

Table 8: Details of E&P Facilities in East Godavari District

Sr. No.

Installation Oil Prod (MT)/Day

Gas Prod (SCM) /Day

Distance (in Kms.) From Rajahmundry

1 Mandapeta GCS 3.295 214,772 40

2 Endamuru GCS 3.576 203,108 70

3 Mori GCS 1.073 774,738 100

4 Adavipalem GCS 5.506 134,609 110

5 Ponnamanda GCS 3.661 151,295 126

6 Kesanapalli (W) GGS

341.521 248,887 120

7 Pasarlapudi GCS 4.079 300,836 85

8 Tatipaka GCS 9.198 570,220 80

9 Gopavaram GGS 314.959 38,114 90

Table 9: Details of E&P Facilities in West Godavari District

Sr. No.

Installation Oil Prod

(MT) /Day Gas Prod

(SCM) /Day

Distance (in Kms.) from

Rajahmundry

1 Narsapur GCS 1.259 129,727 85

2 Kavitam GCS 1.240 16,671 120



Table 10: Details of E&P Facilities in Krishna District

Sr. No.

Installation Oil Prod (MT) /Day

Gas Prod (SCM) /Day

Distance (in Kms.) from Rajahmundry

1 Lingala GGS 28.466 33,882 160

2 Kaikalur EPS 1.346 9,954 160

3 Nandigama EPS 0.946 31,667 195

2.2. Purpose and Basis of the Environmental Impact Assessment

In order to assess the impact of ongoing exploitation activity and to predict the possible

impact of additional drilling, ONGC has been conducting environmental surveys on the

air, water, land and socio-economic environments.

The present report has been prepared based on data collected from ONGC‟s ongoing

studies in Krishna Godavari being conducted by following resource agencies.

1 Keshav Dev Malviya Institute for Petroleum Exploration (KDMIPE) , ONGC,

Dehradun

2 Institute of Petroleum Safety, Health and Environmental Management

(IPSHEM), ONGC, Goa.

3 NEERI, Nagpur

4 S V Enviro Labs and Consultants, Visakhapatnam (Approved laboratories)

5 Indian Meteorological Department, Hyderabad.

6 National Institute of Oceanography, Visakhapatnam

The data related to biological environment and socio economic studies are taken from

secondary resources and published literature. One season base line data is considered

for preparation of this report and the data is collected during Oct-Dec 2012.



In this report the data have been presented along with the likely anticipated impacts

and corresponding evaluation and mitigation measures. Accordingly environmental

management plan has also been prepared and documented.



3. Drilling Technology and Process Description Drilling operations in on land areas are generally the same irrespective of geographical

area of operation. Drilling operation is carried out using an electrically operated rig. A

typical drilling rig sketch is shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. Drilling unit for drilling of oil and

gas wells consists of a derrick at the top of which is mounted a crown block and a

hoisting block with a hook. From the swivel is suspended a Kelly stem which passes

through a square or hexagonal Kelly bush which fits into the rotary table. The rotary

table receives the power to drive it from an electric motor. The electric motor rotates

the rotary table, through which passes the Kelly bush, and the rotations are transmitted

to the bit as the drilling progresses, the drill pipes in singles are added to continue the

drilling process. At the end of the bit life, the drill pipes are pulled out in stands and

stacked on the derrick platform. A stand normally has 3 single drill pipes. After

changing the bit, the drill string is run back into the hole and further drilling is continued.

This process continues till the target depth is reached.

During the course of drilling, cuttings are generated due to crushing action of the bit.

These cuttings are removed by flushing the well with duplex/triplex mud pumps. The

mud from the pump discharge through the rotary hose connected to stationary part of

the swivel, the drill string and bit nozzles. The mud coming out of the bit nozzles

pushes the cuttings up the hole and transports them to the surface through the annular

space between the drill string and the hole. The mud not only carries away crushed

rock from the bottom of the hole but it also cools the bit as it gets heated due to friction

with formation while rotating. The hydrostatic head of the mud helps in balancing

subsurface formation pressures thereby preventing uncontrolled flow of formation fluids

into the well bore; in extreme cases this phenomenon is termed blow-out, a rare

occurrence.

At the surface, the mud coming out from well along with the cuttings falls in a trough,

passes through the solids control equipments i.e. shale shaker, de-sander/ de-silter

and mud cleaner. These equipments remove the solids of different sizes, which get

mixed with the mud during the course of drilling. The cleaned mud flows back to the

suction tanks to be again pumped into the well. The drilling mud/fluid circulation is thus

a continuous cyclic operation.



Fig. 2: Diagram of typical on-land Drilling Rig



Fig. 3: Drilling Fluid Circulation

The most suitable clay for mud preparation is bentonite, which is capable of forming

highly dispersed colloidal suspensions. Various other chemicals are also used in mud

preparation as per requirements dictated by the temperature/pressure conditions of the

wells. The mud is continuously tested for its density, viscosity, yield point, water loss,

pH value etc. to ensure that the drilling operations can be sustained without any

down-hole complications.

3.1. Drilling Facilities

Drilling is a temporary activity, which will continue from 3 to 4 months for each well

drilled in the block under normal conditions. However, this depends upon depth of wells

to be drilled. The rigs are self-contained for all routine jobs. Once the drilling operations

are completed, and if sufficient indications of hydrocarbon are noticed while drilling, the

well is tested by controlled well-flow. This normally takes 2-3 days. If the well is found

to be successful in terms of hydrocarbon potential, it is sealed off for future

development.

3.2. General Requirements of Drilling

Development drilling programme requires the following common facilities:



(a) Drilling Mud

Drilling of wells requires specially formulated mud, which basically comprises inert

earth materials like bentonite, barite in water with several additives to give mud weight,

fluidity and filter cake characteristics while drilling. The drilling mud has several

functions like lubrication and cooling of the drill bit, balancing if subsurface formation

pressure, well-bore cleaning etc. Its thixotropic property helps hold cuttings during

operational stoppages. The formation of thin cake helps prevent liquid loss along well

bore. Several additives are mixed into the mud system to give the required properties.

Water based mud will be used to the possible extent in drilling but use of synthetic

based mud may be required in case of any complexities associated with the geological

formations and associated hole stability problems. The constituents of a typical water-

based mud (WBM) are given in Table 11. The special additives and their functions in

WBM are shown in Table 12.

Table 11: Chemicals Used in Water Based Drilling Mud

Sr. No. Chemicals

1. Barite

2. Bentonite

3. Carboxy methyl cellulose

4. Mud thinner/conditioner

5. Resinated lignite

6. Non weighted spotting fluid

7. Weighted Spotting fluid

8. Extreme Pressure Lube

9. Drilling detergent

10. Caustic soda

11. Potassium chloride

12. Soda Ash



Table 12: Mud Additives and their Functions in Water Based Drilling Fluids

Sr. No.

Additives Functions

1. Sodium bicarbonate Eliminate excess calcium ions due to cement contamination

2. Sodium chloride Minimize borehole washout in salt zone

3. Groundnut shells, mica of cellophane

Minimize loss of drilling mud to formation

4. Cellulose polymers or starch

Counter thick, sticky filter cake, decrease filter loss to formation

5. Aluminium stearate or alcohol

Minimize foaming

6. Vegetable oil lubricant

Reduce torque and drag on drill string

7. Pill of oil-based mud spotting fluid

Counter differential pressure sticking of drilling string; Pill is placed down hole opposite contact zone to free pipe

8. Paraformaldehyde bactericide

Retard bacterial degradation in polymer fluid system; In development drilling, added to fluid left behind in casing to prevent casing string corrosion

9. Zinc compounds Counter hydrogen sulfide contamination by precipitating sulfides

10. KCl-polymer drilling fluid system

Improve wellbore stability in water-sensitive shall formation. Prevents shale swelling and sloughing

(b) Power Generation

The drilling process requires movement of drill bit through the draw works, which

require power. The power requirement of the drilling rig will generally met using the

Diesel Generator sets in the drill site. The power requirement of a drilling rig is from

three 700 KVA D.G sets (AC-SCR Type.) with a peak diesel consumption of about 3-4

m3/day, whereas during testing other operations the diesel consumption is about 0.5-2

m3/day. The exhaust stacks of the DG sets of land based rigs vent the emissions at an

approximate height of 4 - 5 m from the ground level.

(c) Water Requirements

The water requirement in a drilling rig is mainly meant for preparation of drilling mud

apart from washings and domestic use. While the former consumes the majority of

water requirement, the water requirement for domestic and wash use is very less. The



daily water consumption will be 25 m3/d of which 15 m3/d will be used for mud

preparation and 10 m3/d will be used for domestic purposes including drinking. Waste

water generation would be about 10-15 m3/d. The total quantity of water requirement is

about 1200 m3 which shall be transported from nearby sources through a contractor

after due approvals. Effluent water is generally recycled for the preparation of mud as

well as for cleaning of derrick floor etc. Unusable excess waste water is treated prior to

the approved disposal method.

(d) Domestic Wastewater

The operating personnel in onshore drilling site accommodation (DSA) in the vicinity of

the location consume fresh water for drinking and sanitation purpose. Septic tanks and

soak pits are normally provided to dispose off the domestic wastewater in the base

camps.

(e) Solid Removal

The rock cuttings and fragments of shale, sand and silt associated with the return

drilling fluid during well drilling are separated using linear motion shale shakers and

other solids removal equipment like de-sanders and de-silters. The recovered mud is

reused while the rejected solids are collected and disposed of in a lined waste pit in the

drill site.

(f) Drill Cuttings and Waste Residual Mud

During drilling operations, approx. 5-10 T/day of wet drill cuttings are expected to be

generated from the well depending on the type of formation and depth of drilling.

During drilling operations, approx 200 m3 per well of wet drill cuttings are expected to

be generated from each well depending on the type of formation and depth of drilling.

In addition to the cuttings 10-15 m3/day of wastewater is likely to be generated during

well drilling. The waste residual mud and duly washed drill cuttings are nothing but the

components of clay, sand etc. and are disposed of in an environment-friendly manner

as approved by MoEF/APPCB.



(g) Testing

Flaring facilities are available at drilling rig for burning of gaseous hydrocarbons during

testing. The residual oily wastes if any after completion of testing phase are completely

removed and sent to the authorized waste disposal site or oil handling installations for

resource conservation.

(h) Chemical Storage

The drilling rigs have normal storage facilities for fuel oil, chemicals and the necessary

tubulars and equipment. The storage places are clearly marked with safe handling

instructions.

(i) Manpower

The drilling rig is manned by approx. 30 persons at anytime. The manpower operates

in two 12-hour shifts with continuous operations on the rig.

(j) Logistics

Crew transfers to and from the drilling rig, materials, diesel and chemicals is done

using light vehicles, trucks and trailers.

(k) Site Restoration

In case of onshore drill site, all the waste materials from the site are removed and the

site is restored as near as possible to the original state. The dried residual mud and

non-toxic drill cuttings are spread over the site followed by spreading of topsoil to

minimize impact if any of the drilling materials

3.3 Production Testing

After drilling the well to the target depth, casing pipe is lowered , cemented and then

the perforation job is carried out in the expected pay zone intervals. After the activation

process, the well fluid shall be flown into the separator through the production choke

manifold. The well fluid thus collected in the separator, after attaining the due retention

time shall separate into gas and liquid (water and oil). The separated liquid is collected

into the collection tank and sent to GGS for further process. Gas separated at the top is

flared into the flare pit.



Fig 4: Typical schematic diagram of Production Testing at Drill site



4. Methodology followed for Environmental Impact Assessment

This includes detailed characterization of existing status of environment around all

proposed development drilling sites of KG basin for various environmental components

viz. air, noise, water, land, biological and socio-economic. Under this scope, following

is envisaged:

To assess existing status of air, noise, water, land, biological and socio-economic

components of environment

To identify and quantify significant impacts of proposed drilling operations on

various environmental components

To evaluate proposed pollution prevention and control measures

To prepare a pragmatic Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlining control

technologies and or practices to be adopted for mitigation of adverse impacts

To delineate post-project environmental quality monitoring programme to be

pursued by ONGC.

4.1. Methodology

Keeping in view the nature of activities envisaged the area around proposed locations

was studied for the above environmental aspects and also in line with approved TOR.

The work carried out for each of the environmental components is briefly reported

below and described in detail in subsequent sections.

4.1.1. Air Environment

Collection of surface meteorological data like wind speed, wind direction, relative

humidity, rainfall etc.

Design of ambient air quality monitoring network

Measurement of 24 hourly average background concentrations of PM10 and PM 2.5,

SO2 , NOx, CO and hydrocarbons



4.1.2. Noise Environment

Establishing existing status of noise levels in residential, commercial, industrial

areas and silence zones within the block area.

4.1.3. Land Environment

Collection and assessment of representative soil samples within the study area

Assessment of productivity and fertility of soil found within the study area

4.1.4. Water Environment

Collection of surface and ground water resources for determining quality of water in

the study area

Assessment of biotic environment for water in terms of phytoplankton/ zooplankton

(enumeration, indices and distribution)

4.1.5. Biological Environment (from secondary sources)

Collection of data on flora and fauna including rare and endangered species within

the block area

Collation of information on wildlife sanctuaries / reserve forest if any in the vicinity of

the project area

Assessment of species diversity, density, abundance etc., in the study region

4.1.6. Socio-economic Environment (from secondary sources)

Collection of baseline data including demographic details, such as households,

population, literacy, employment pattern, general health, tribal, transport,

communication and welfare facilities such as hospitals, educational institutions,

project awareness amongst the public, infrastructure facilities, economic resources,

cultural and aesthetic attributes etc. as per the requirements under MoEF.

4.1.7. Anticipated Environmental Impacts

Identification of Environmental Impacts associated with drilling

Prediction of adverse impacts due to activities related to proposed drilling



Assessment of adverse impacts due to the proposed activity on air, land, water,

biological and on human interests.

4.2. Mitigation Measures

All equipment are operated within specified design parameters during construction,

drilling and operational phases

Use of ear muffs/plugs and other protective devices will be provided to the

workforce in noise prone areas.

4.3. Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is drawn after identifying, predicting and

evaluating the significant impacts on each component of the environment with a view to

maximizing the benefits from proposed project. The following measures are included in

EMP:

Recommend mitigation measures required to address environmental concerns such

as wildlife and habitat protection, cultural and archaeological sites protection, terrain

stabilization, maintaining fresh water horizons, debris disposal and conservation of

natural drainage and water flow

Assess additional infrastructures for treatment of produced water, proposed access

cuttings, sewage, solid/hazardous waste with hydro-geo morphological details

Provide a comprehensive and detailed plan covering environmental variables to be

monitored, the location and timing of sampling and the use to be made of

monitoring data to ensure compliance with the applicable environmental

rules/regulations throughout the life of the project

Delineate post-closure plan coexisting with natural surroundings for abandonment

of wells, rig dismantling and site completion and reclamation for abandonment.

4.4 Post Project Monitoring

All the drilling locations of the PML Blocks will be restored and covered by the native

top soil if well goes dry. During drilling and after drilling air quality monitoring will be

carried out at the interval of two months.



5. Protocol for Environmental Baseline Data Collection

5.1. Air Environment

Assessment of impacts on air environment and feedback for EMP requires information

on existing ambient air quality status. The prime objective of ambient air quality

monitoring is to assess the existing level of air pollutants in the study area. The

baseline studies for air environment include reconnaissance, identification of specific

air pollutants due to proposed project and measuring their existing levels in ambient air

within the study area prior to implementation of the project. The data required to assess

the status can be collected, analyzed and evaluated through a well-designed air quality

monitoring network.

5.2. Design of Network for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

The following criteria were taken into account while designing the ambient air quality

monitoring network:

Topography of the study area

Representation of regional background

Populated and sensitive areas

Prediction of maximum ground level concentrations and distances of their likely

occurrence as per climatological normals.

Representation of valid cross sectional distribution in downwind direction

The existing ambient air quality data required to assess impacts is collected through a

well-designed air quality monitoring network.

5.2.1. Reconnaissance

To establish the baseline status of the regional air shed in the study region, 3 to 5

monitoring stations near the proposed activity were selected for monitoring of air

quality. The proposed activities as well as site-specific parameters viz. PM10, PM2.5,

SO2, Oxides of Nitrogen, Ozone, Lead, Ammonia, BaP, Arsenic, and Nickel were

identified for air quality monitoring. The concentrations of Non-methane Hydrocarbons

(NMHC) were also been monitored by grab sample.



The locations were chosen on the basis of prevailing meteorological conditions. Wind

direction and speed were recorded to demarcate possible zones of maximum

concentrations of air pollutants.

At all the AAQM locations, High Volume Air Samplers (HVAS) were installed for

continuous sampling of air on 24 hourly basis. Grab samples of HCs were collected

and analyzed.

5.2.2. Micrometeorology

The micrometeorological data on wind speed, wind direction, temperature and relative

humidity were collected and tabulated in Table 18- 20. The collected data have been

processed to draw windroses.

The climate of study area is tropical in nature and is generally warm and humid. The

general range of temperature is between 14°C to 47°C. The coldest months of the year

are December January and February with the lowest temperature in December,

followed by summer during the months from March to May. Rainy seasons generally

start by about the end of May

5.3. Noise Environment

The objective of noise monitoring survey in and around the proposed project site is to

identify the existing noise sources so as to measure background noise levels and to

suggest mitigation measures to alleviate adverse impact of noise. The study has been

executed in the following steps:

Reconnaissance Survey

Identification of noise sources and measurement of noise levels

Measurement of noise levels in residential, commercial, industrial zone and road

side

A Reconnaissance survey was conducted with a view to establishing the baseline

status of the environment with respect to noise levels in and around the project site.

Noise monitoring was carried out to identify and quantify so far as reasonably possible

the ambient condition to predict the increase in noise levels and causes of variability of

noise levels as a result of the proposed development.

The main sources of noise shall be drilling rigs and vehicular traffic. A drilling rig is a

unique noise source and it can be conveniently categorized as stationary source.



Drilling is generally a temporary activity at any place. During this period the rig can be

considered as a stationary and continuous noise source.

5.3.1. Methodology for Noise Monitoring

Noise standards have been designated for different types of land use, i.e. Residential,

Commercial, Industrial zone, Road side and Silence zones, as per „The Noise Pollution

(Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, Notified by the Ministry of Environment and

Forests, New Delhi on February 14, 2000. Different standards have been stipulated

during day time (6 am to 9 pm) and night time (9 pm to 6 am).

The noise rating method as Leq i.e. equivalent sound pressure level has been adopted

for the measurement of noise level in various selected sampling locations of this

region. It is the energy mean of the noise level over a specified period and is expressed

in terms of decibels.

dtdB(A)10T

110logL LP(t)/10

T

0

eq

The noise scale A-weighted network in dB (A) was used for monitoring of noise level.

Leq in dB (A) denotes the frequency weighting in the measurement of noise and

corresponds to frequency response characteristics of human ear. The average of Leq

at each location is calculated using energy average formula:

n

1i

Lpi/1010n

110logaverageEnergy

Day night sound level (Ldn) for 24 hours equivalent sound level can be calculated as

follows:

16

1i

8

1j

10/10(Leq)j(Leq)i/10 101024

110logLdn

Where,

Ldn : Day night sound level

„i‟ : Denotes the sum over the 16 hours during the daytime

„j‟ : Denotes the sum over the 8hours during the night time

(Leq) (i) : Equivalent noise level for „i‟th hours



(Leq) (j) : Equivalent noise level for „j‟th hours

The impact of noise on the health of an individual depends on physical exposure of

noise viz. noise level, frequency spectrum, intermittency etc. and human factors viz.

sex, age, health status, type of activity, occupational effect etc. The intensity also

depends on psychological and physiological state of individual.

The residential, commercial, industrial and silence zones in the study area have been

identified. Some of the locations were measured which were away from the major

roads / major noise sources. Equivalent noise levels (Leq) for a period of about one

hour was measured at different time at each monitoring location during day time as well

as night time.

5.4. Water Environment

5.4.1. Reconnaissance

Groundwater sources are being used in most of the villages for drinking and other

domestic purposes. In addition to groundwater, the river water is a potential source of

freshwater. The baseline surface water quality status has been tested.

5.4.2. Water Resources and Requirement

The project region receives comparatively higher rainfall in the state. There are

adequate surface and ground water resources in the region. The irrigation activities in

this region are depending on rainwater as well as surface water bodies mainly the

rivers.

Water in the region is primarily used for irrigation

5.4.3. Baseline Water Quality

Physico-chemical parameters have been determined to ascertain the baseline status of

the existing groundwater and surface water resources. The groundwater quality was

assessed by collecting samples from hand pumps and bore wells at different Locations.

In order to assess the water quality of surface water, samples were collected from

different locations. Samples were collected at 0.5 m depth below water surface for

representing surface water quality.



5.5. Biological Environment

Natural flora and fauna are important features of the environment. They are organized

into natural communities and are sensitive to outside influences. Integrating ecological

thinking into the planning process is an urgent need in the context of deterioration of

natural environments, which is unwanted but direct consequence of development.

Biological communities, being dependent on the condition and resources of its location

may change if there is change in the environment. Hence changes in the status of flora

and fauna are an elementary requirement of Environmental Impact Assessment

studies. Information on flora and fauna were collected within the study area. Relevant

details on aquatic life within the study area were collected from related government

offices*.

*From published secondary data reference state government reports.

5.5.1. Biological Characteristics

Standard procedures were adopted for phytoplankton and zooplankton counts involving

preservation. Analysis of phytoplankton was done by Lacked drop (microtransect)

method and counting was done as follows:

No. of phytoplankton/ml = (C x A1) / (A2 x S x V)

C : No. of organism counted

A1 : Area of cover strip, mm2

A2 : Area of one strip, mm2

S : No. of strips counted and

V : Volume of sample under the cover strip, ml

Analysis of zooplankton is done by Sedwick-Rafter (SR) cell. The Sedwick-Rafter cell is

50 mm long, 20 mm wide and 1 mm deep. Total area is 1000 mm² and the total volume

is 1 ml. Counting of zooplankton was done as follows:

V

C X ml / Number nzooplankto of Number

Where,

C : Volume of concentrate in ml

V : Volume of sample filtered in l



The results of phytoplankton and zooplankton counts are expressed as no./100 ml and

no./m3 respectively.

The nature and population of biological species in water are dependent on its physico-

chemical characteristics, i.e. pH, conductivity, alkalinity, BOD, salinity and nutrient

levels. Thus, the type and population of plankton species may serve as indicators of

the physico-chemical quality and the trophic levels of water body. Plankton community

structure of a water body can be assessed through following parameters:

5.5.2. Species Composition

The type of a group of organisms indicates the tropic conditions of aquatic

environment. Similarly many organisms have been known to be favored by certain

physico-chemical conditions, such as silicates for diatoms.

Presence of desmids and diatoms indicate good water conditions. Dominance of

diatoms, protozoa, ciliates, Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae indicate moderately

tropic conditions. Presence of Euglenophyceae indicates highly eutrophic conditions.

Planktonic rotifers are usually more abundant in fresh water than in estuarine water. It

is believed that when crustaceans such as Copepoda, Cirripedia, Ostracoda etc. and

insects outnumber other groups, the water body is considered to be enriched by

organic matter. Thus, it is evident that presence of typical organisms also helps in

classifying a water body into different tropic levels based on its physico-chemical

characteristics.

5.5.3. Species Diversity

Diversity of plankton is determined by physico-chemical characteristics or the tropic

level of the water body. In oligotrophic water, the diversity of plankton is high, while in

mesotrophic and eutrophic conditions (increased pollution) the diversity of plankton

decreases. The Shannon Weaver Index (d), a measure of diversity of plankton, takes

into account the total as well as individual species counts in a water sample.

d = - (ni/n) log2 (ni/n)

Where,

d = Shannon Weaver Diversity Index

ni = number of individual of each individual species in a sample

n = total number of individual and of all species in the sample



An index value of 3 and above is generally considered to be a non-polluted water body.

Values between 1 and 3 and less than 1 are believed to be mild polluted and highly

polluted respectively. Lower fluctuating index values at selected points might be

attributed to point and non-point sources of pollution, turbidity, tides, flow etc.

A widely accepted ecological concept enunciated that the communities with larger

numbers of species (i.e. with high diversity) will have a high stability and thus can resist

adverse environmental factors, providing a greater structural complexity of the food

web.

In order to evaluate baseline biological characteristics of surface water and

groundwater in the study area the data also generated. Water samples were preserved

and enumerated for phytoplankton and zooplankton. Shannon Weaver Index was also

estimated.

5.6. Social Forestry

Forests play a significant role in social and economical development of a country and

improve the quality of life. The forests conserve soil and moisture and reduce floods.

They provide us variety of products like timber, fuel, fodder fruits, Minor Forest

Products and Raw materials for different industries. They maintain ecological balance

and protect environment from pollution. Survival of all living beings depends upon

survival of trees i.e. forests. Removal of forests results in surface run off, soil erosion,

siltation of water bodies, floods and creates environmental pollution. Our national

Forest Policy envisages that one third of total land area will be under forests to ensure

environmental stability and ecological equilibrium as it is important for the survival of

living beings. The Social Forestry deals with not only the afforestation of the existing

degraded-forests, but also massive tree planting on lands outside the reserved forests.

The programs already started during the plan period by bringing more non-forest lands

like Village community lands, waste lands, Tank foreshores, Road margins, Canal

banks, River and drain banks etc, under tree cover. The farmers and other section of

the society, having lands not useful for agricultural purpose, shall be covered with tree

by motivating these people. By afforesting all vacant government lands and private

lands, the objective set in the National Forest Policy can be achieved.

Tank Foreshore Plantations: Most of the tanks in the study area are small having little

foreshore areas. Babul is planted in the foreshore areas of the tanks with the receding

of water



Plantations on Community Lands: Most of the Community Lands, which are

Revenue porambokes or Village waste Lands owned by Gram Panchayats are

degraded in nature having hilly terrain. Plantation of Acacia and Prosopis species were

found to be present here.

Roadside Avenue Plantations: Roads are well distributed throughout the district.

Road-side plantations have an important place in Social forestry as these plantations

improve the aesthetic value of the roads; provide shade besides-yielding fuel, fodder,

small timber and other fruits to the villagers nearer to their places of living.

Canal Bank Plantations: The irrigation canals are passing through the sub urban part

of district and it is a potential component for raising plantations along canal bunds.

Canal banks have the added advantage of readily available water and also keep the

subsurface moist and therefore rate of growth is higher and cost of growing and

maintenance would be less compared to road side plantations

Group Farm Forestry Plantations: Small and marginal farmers are encouraged to

take up planting with forest tree species in their own lands, which are either

unproductive or under productive and where agriculture is not possible. The component

had the cost sharing arrangement between the forest department and farmers. It was

mainly by way of supply of seedlings free of cost. Besides this, the farmers were given

incentive depending on the assessed success for the maintenance of the crop after the

2nd year of establishment.

Agriculture

Agriculture is one of the main occupations of the local people in the entire study area. It

is mainly rain fed at present except some areas where irrigation is carried out by the

link canals. Hot summer and good rainfall characterizes the climate of the study area.

The summer season is from end of February to first week of June. The Southwest

monsoon follows up to the end of September. The winter season is from October to

January. The average highest temperature in the summer is 47°C and the minimum

average temperature in December is 14°C

5.7. Socio-economic Environment

Reconnaissance



The study of socio-economic component of environment is incorporating various facets

viz. demographic structure, availability of basic amenities such as housing, education,

health and medical services, occupation, water supply, sanitation, communication and

power supply, prevailing diseases in the region as well as features such as places at

tourist attraction and monuments of archaeological importance. The study of these

parameters helps in identifying, predicting and evaluating the likely impacts due to

project activity in that region.

5.7.1. Baseline Status

The survey has been carried out with the help of a pre-designed set of questionnaires.

Adult male and female representing various communities were interviewed on

judgmental or purposive basis data on following parameters has been collected for the

study area.

Demographic structure

Infrastructure resource base

Economic attributes

Health status

Aesthetic attributes

Socio economic status with reference to quality of life

Awareness and opinion of the people about the project

The data is generated using secondary sources viz. Census Records, District

Statistical Abstract, Official Document and Primary Sources viz. field survey and field

observation.

5.7.2. Socio-economic Survey

Sampling Method

In order to assess and evaluate the likely impacts arising out of any developmental

projects on socio-economic environment, it is necessary to gauge the apprehensions of

the people in the project area. Socio-economic survey serves as an effective tool for

fulfilling this requirement. Socio-economic survey was conducted in villages within the

study area located in all directions with reference to the project site. Interaction was

made with villagers (adults, male-female) for the collection of awareness and opinion,



by using judgmental or purposive sampling methods representing various socio-

economic sections of the community.

The respondents were asked for their awareness/opinion about the project and also of

their opinion about the impacts of the project which is an important aspect of socio-

economic environment viz. job opportunities, education, health care, housing,

transportation facility and economic status.

The salient observations recorded during survey are:

Economy of the region is mainly dependent on agricultural and its allied activities as

their main occupation is rice cultivation in the region including the other crops i.e.

tobacco, sugarcane etc

Canals and bore wells are the main source of irrigation in the study area

Education facilities are available in the form of primary and middle schools. In some

villages, it is extended up to high school. For higher studies people avail the facility

from the nearest town.

Wood and natural gas are mainly used as fuel and selling of wood has become

source of income for most of the villagers

Quality of houses is good and mostly people have well constructed houses

Between 3 to 6 members is the family size in the study area

Sanitation facility is quite satisfactory in the region. Government also constructed

the toilet for the poor people

As regard to the drinking water facility people expressed satisfactory opinion with

respect to quality and quantity

Roads in the surveyed villages are in good condition, people are satisfied with the

transportation facility.

Power supply facility is used by the people for domestic as well as irrigation

purpose but power cut is most frequently faced by the people in the region

Awareness regarding the proposed project is seen in only that area which is

chosen for drilling purpose. Beyond the proposed drilling site i.e. neighboring

villagers are not aware about the proposed project activity



5.7.3. Quality of Life (QoL)

An exercise has been carried out to assess the quality of life (QoL). The particulars of

the concepts are as follows:

Quality of life (QoL) is defined as a function between “objective conditions and

subjective attitudes” involving a defined „area of concern‟

The objective conditions are defined as numerically measurable artifacts of a

physical event, sociological event or economic event. Objective conditions may be

defined as any number, which stand for a given quantity of a variable of interest so

long as it is independent of subjective opinion

“Subjective Attitude” is primarily concerned with affective and cognitive dimensions.

It is specifically concerned with „how aspects of cognition vary as objective

conditions vary

Once objective measures are obtained for each factor they are transformed to a

normal scale varying from 0 to 1 (value function curve) in which 0 corresponds to

the lowest or least satisfactory measures and 1 corresponds to the highest. The

weight are assigned to each factor by ranked-pair wise technique by the expert

group based on the secondary data and general observations

For each objective measure, a corresponding subjective measure is developed for

each individual of the sample population by asking him to rate his satisfaction scale

(value function curve) is used such that 0 corresponds to the lowest level of

attitudinal satisfaction and 1 corresponds to the highest level of satisfaction.

Weights are assigned to each factor using ranked pair wise comparison techniques.

The socio-economic Indicators for QoL assessment are:

Income, employment and working conditions

Housing

Clothing

Water supply and sanitation

Health and energy

Transportation and communication

Education



Environment and pollution

Recreation

Social security

Human rights

(I) Subjective Quality of Life

m

1j

p

1i

ij(S)o WQlP

1LQ

Where QoL(S) is the Subjective Quality of life Index, Qlij is the Subjective Quality Index

for ith factor assigned by all the respondents in an area, W is the Weights of the ith

factor, m is the No. of factors and p is the No. of respondents in the sample.

(II) Objective Quality of Life

m

1i

i(o)o WQlLQ

Where QoL(o) is the Objective Quality of life Index Qli is the Satisfaction level

(assigned by the expert group) for the ith Objective indicator, W is the Weights of the

ith factor and m is the No. of factors.

(III) Average Quality of Life

2

LQLQLQ

(o)o(S)o

(a)o

The QoL index values are estimated as:

East Godavari District: QoL(s) average-0.46

QoL(o) average-0.48

QoL(a) for the study area-0.47

West Godavari District: QoL(s) average-0.44

QoL(o) average-0.46




Krishna District: QoL(s) average-0.46

QoL(o) average-0.48




6. Baseline Environmental Quality Status

6.1 Description of Environment

Assessment of Environment conditions at the start of the project and the estimation of

impact of the proposed project on the environment are the key factors for the success

of an environment impact study. The estimated impact need to be compared with the

environment conditions at the start of the project and the mitigation measures need to

be planned for the residual impacts if any.

The impact assessment study is carried out prior to the implementation of the project

so that the project proponent can implement the environment management plan in a

sound technical, financial, and environmentally viable manner.

The success of the impact assessment depends upon two factors:

The estimation of impact from the proposed project on the

environment

An assessment of environmental conditions

These factors also help us to arrive at the post project scenario condition.

Base line data depicts the existing environmental conditions of air, water, soil etc. in

and around the proposed locations. The base line studies include detailed

characterization of the following environmental components which will have an impact

on the environment due to setting up of development drilling activities.

Ambient Air Quality

Meteorological Condition

Noise Levels

Water Quality: Surface and Ground Water

Soil Quality

Biological Environment



Environmental Impacts due to Development Drilling

Collection of baseline data depicts the status of environment around the operational

areas in the Godavari Onland and West Godavari PML blocks of KG Basin covering

the area of all proposed 40 development wells as shown in fig 5 & fig 6.

The data generation with respect to meteorological condition, air pollution levels, noise

levels, water quality, and soil quality were carried out during this period. Meteorological

data has been collected from IMD Stations at Kakinada and Gannavaram.

An area within 10 Km radius as the well as its centre has been considered for base line

data collection.

AC

TIV

ITY

PR

IMA

RY

IM

PA

CT

SS

EC

ON

DA

RY

IM

PA

CT

ST

ER

TIA

RY

IM

PA

CT

S

Exploratory Drilling in CY-ONN-2002/2

Drilling

Release of

WastewaterConsumption of

Materials/Chemicals and Energy

Deployment of

Work Force

Change in

deployment

pattern

Environmental

PollutionChange in

Resource

Base

Change in Trade

Economy Trade

& Commerce

Demand for

Infrastructural

Facilities

Change in

Land Use

Pattern

Impact on

Landscape

Impact on

Amenity/

Recreation

Environmental

Health &

Aesthetics

Change in Economic Base and Cultural Values

Change in

Income

Distribution



Fig 5: Topographical Map showing proposed locations in East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna Districts.



Fig 6: Map showing proposed locations in West Godavari and Godavari Onland PML Blocks in East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna District



6.1.1 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ)

AAQ including the VOCs are monitored in respect of the fields/areas comprising the

proposed locations so that the data shall be representative of the prevailing base line air

quality of the operational areas of the basin for the year 2012-13. The

monitoring/sampling stations were established so as to capture locations in upwind and

downwind directions for SO2, NOx, PM10 and PM2.5, CO, Methyl and Non Methyl

Hydrocarbon, Ozone, Lead, Ammonia, Benzene and Benzopyrene etc. The 24hr

average value of ambient air quality in respect of all the parameters is observed to be

well within the prescribed CPCB limits in KG Basin. Range of values of parameters of

ambient air quality is given in the table below:

Table 13: Range of values of parameters of ambient air quality

S.

no. Parameters

East Godavari

District (22 wells)

West Godavari

District (13

wells)

Krishna District

(5 wells)

1 PM 10 33-67 µg/m3 46-59 µg/m3 55-61 µg/m3

2 PM 2.5 11-23 µg/m3 20-28 µg/m3 16-21 µg/m3

3 SO2 4-8.4 µg/m3 7.1-7.7 µg/m3 4-7.3 µg/m3

4 NOx 5-12 µg/m3 8.6-9.3 µg/m3 9-11 µg/m3

5 Lead (Pb) <0.1 µg/m3 <0.1 µg/m3

<0.1 µg/m3

6 * CO 0.24-0.51 mg/m3 0.18-0.2 mg/m3 0.31-0.59 mg/m3

7 Ammonia 9-14 µg/m3 9.6-10.1 µg/m3 12-16 µg/m3

8 Ozone 9.5-11.6 µg/m3 10.9-11.3 µg/m3 10.6-12.9 µg/m3

9. Benzene 0.05-0.08 µg/m3 <0.05 µg/m3 0.05-0.07 µg/m3

10. Benzo

Pyrene(BaP) <0.02 ng/m3 <0.02 ng/m3 <0.02 ng/m3

11. Arsenic <0.1 ng/m3 <0.1 ng/m3 <0.1 ng/m3

12. Nickel(Ni) <0.1 ng/m3 <0.1 ng/m3 <0.1 ng/m3

13. Methane

H/C

645-815 µg/m3 691-805 µg/m3 687-948 µg/m3



14. Non-

Methane

H/C

13.8-18.5 µg/m3 13.1-13.5 µg/m3 14.1-15.9 µg/m3

15. Ethane 0.05-0.14 µg/m3 0.04-0.08 µg/m3 0.07-0.11 µg/m3

16. Toluene 0.03-0.11 µg/m3 0.04-0.08 µg/m3 0.04-0.12 µg/m3

17. m-Xylene 0.02-0.1 µg/m3 0.03-0.05 µg/m3 0.03-0.10 µg/m3

* 8 hourly monitored values

Ambient Air Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland and West Godavari

PML Blocks was collected, compared with NAAQS limits and is given in the following

tables below:

Table 14: Ambient Air Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block of East Godavari district (I)

(24 Hrs average value during Oct-Dec ‘12)

S. No Location

Mandapeta (8 wells)

Kesavdaspalem Kesanapalli

West (5 wells)

LIMITS

Total time of monitoring

24 hours 24 hours 24 hours

1. Particulate matter PM10

(<10 µg/m3) 67 57 54 100

2. Particulate Matter PM2.5 (<2.5 µg/m3)

19 23 22 60

3. SO2(µg/m3) 6 7.6 8.4 80

4. Oxides of N2 (µg/m3)

12 11.0 9.7 80

5. Lead (Pb) (µg/m3)

<0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0

6. * CO(mg/m3) 0.51 0.33 0.24 2.0

7. NH3(g/m3) 14 12.9 10.4 400

8. Ozone (O3)

(g/m3) 11.2 11.6 10.9

9. Benzene(µg/m3) 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 5

10. Benzo Pyrene(BaP)

ng/m3 <0.02 <0.02

<0.02

1



11. Arsenic (ng/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 6

12. Nickel(Ni) ng/m3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 20

13. Methane H/C

g/m3 645 692 699

14. Non-Methane

H/C g/m3 13.8 14.5 16.1

15. Ethane

g/m3 0.08 0.09 0.05

16. Toluene

g/m3 0.05 0.05 0.03

17. m-Xylene

g/m3 0.04 0.04 0.02


Table 15: Ambient Air Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block of East Godavari district (II)


S. No

Location Kammapalem

(7 wells) Vygreswaram LIMITS


24 hours 24 hours


(<10 µg/m3) 33 57 100


11 23 60

3. SO2(µg/m3) 4 7.6 80


5 11.0 80


<0.1 <0.1 1.0

6. * CO(mg/m3) 0.27 0.33 2.0

7. NH3(g/m3) 9 12.9 400

8. Ozone (O3)

(g/m3) 9.5 11.6

9. Benzene(µg/m3) 0.08 <0.05 5


ng/m3

<0.02

<0.02

1

11. Arsenic (ng/m3) <0.1 <0.1 6

12. Nickel(Ni) <0.1 <0.1 20



ng/m3

13. Methane H/C

g/m3 815 692

14. Non-Methane

H/C g/m3 18.5 14.5

15. Ethane

g/m3 0.14 0.09

16. Toluene

g/m3 0.11 0.05

17. m-Xylene

g/m3 0.10 0.04


Table 16: Ambient Air Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block of West Godavari district


S. No.

Location Penugonda (10 wells)

Penugonda PGDA/PGDB

Lakshmaneswaram LSDA

LIMITS



1. Particulate matter PM10 (<10 µg/m3)

51 59 46 100

2. Particulate Matter PM2.5 (<2.5 µg/ m3)

25 28 20 60

3. SO2(µg/m3) 7.2 7.7 7.1 80


8.6 9.3 9.1 80


<0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0

6. * CO (mg/m3) 0.18 0.20 0.2 2.0

7. NH3 (µg/m3) 9.6 10.1 10.1 400

8. Ozone (O3)

(g/m3) 10.9 11.0 11.3

9. Benzene (µg/m3)

<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 5

10. Benzo Pyrene (BaP)

ng/m3

<0.02 <0.02 <0.02 1

11. Arsenic <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 6



(ng/m3)

12. Nickel (Ni) ng/m3

<0.1 <0.1 <0.1 20

13. Methane H/C

g/m3 691 751 805

14. Non-Methane H/C

g/m3

13.5 13.1 13.2

15. Ethane

g/m3 0.08 0.04 0.04

16. Toluene

g/m3 0.09 0.04 0.06

17. m-Xylene

g/m3 0.05 0.03 0.03


Table 17: Ambient Air Quality Data at proposed locations in West Godavari PML Block of Krishna district


S. No Location

Kaikaluru field (3 wells)

Lingala Nandigama LIMITS




(<10 µg/m3) 56 61 55 100


16 20 21 60

3. SO2(µg/m3) 5 4 7.3 80


9 11 10.5 80


<0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0

6. * CO(mg/m3) 0.37 0.59 0.31 2.0

7. NH3(g/m3) 12 16 12.6 400

8. Ozone (O3)

(g/m3) 10.6 12.9 11.3

9. Benzene(µg/m3) 0.07 <0.05 <0.05 5


<0.02 <0.02 <0.02 1



ng/m3

11. Arsenic (ng/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 06

12. Nickel(Ni) ng/m3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 20

13. Methane H/C

g/m3 948 788 687

14. Non-Methane

H/C g/m3 15.9 14.6 14.1

15. Ethane

g/m3 0.11 0.08 0.07

16. Toluene

g/m3 0.12 0.07 0.04

17. m-Xylene

g/m3 0.10 0.05 0.03


6.1.2 Meteorological Conditions

The meteorological conditions and the industrial process depend and influence each

other. Favorable weather conditions help the successful operations, while the

operations also has an influence on the weather.

Dispersion of pollutants into the atmosphere depends on the weather conditions like

wind speed, direction, temperature, relative humidity and also rainfall. Meteorological

data has been collected from IMD Stations at Kakinada and Gannavaram and

Windroses have been prepared on the basis of the data. These are presented below:

Table 18: Daily Wind Direction and Wind Speed in Kmph Station: Kakinada (For East Godavari and West Godavari District wells) Proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block

OCTOBER-2012 NOVEMBER-2012 DECEMBER-2012

DATE 0830 1730 0830 1730 0830 1730

WD WS WD WS WD WS WD WS WD WS WD WS

1 VRB 4 CALM 0 ENE 6 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 4

2 SW 10 CALM 0 SE 8 SSE 4 CALM 0 E 6

3 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 VRB 4 NE 4 E 6

4 S 2 SW 6 CALM 0 CALM 0 NE 6 ENE 4

5 SW 8 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 NE 2 ENE 4



6 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 SE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0

7 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0


9 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 S 4

10 VRB 4 SW 6 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 SE 4

11 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 S 4

12 CALM 0 SW 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 S 4

13 VRB 4 NE 8 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 S 2

14 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 ENE 2 CALM 0 CALM 0

15 CALM 0 NE 2 CALM 0 VRB 4 VRB 2 CALM 0

16 NE 4 NE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 VRB 2 CALM 0


18 ENE 4 ENE 6 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0

19 ENE 4 ENE 6 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0

20 VRB 4 NE 6 CALM 0 ENE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0

21 ENE 6 ENE 4 NE 8 NE 6 CALM 0 CALM 0

22 VRB 4 NE 6 ENE 6 E 4 CALM 0 CALM 0

23 NE 4 VRB 4 VRB 4 CALM 0 ENE 4 CALM 0

24 VRB 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0

25 CALM 0 VRB 2 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0

26 CALM 0 ENE 6 CALM 0 E 2 CALM 0 CALM 0

27 NE 8 NE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 ENE 6 CALM 0

28 CALM 0 ENE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0

29 CALM 0 NE 8 CALM 0 CALM 0 NE 4 CALM 0

30 NE 8 ENE 10 CALM 0 CALM 0 NE 4 CALM 0

31 ENE 14 ENE 14 ` CALM 0 SE 2



Table 19: Daily Wind Direction and Wind Speed in Kmph Station: Gannavaram (For Krishna District wells) Proposed locations in West Godavari PML Block

OCTOBER-2012 NOVEMBER-2012 DECEMBER-2012

DATE 0830 1730 0830 1730 0830 1730

WD WS WD WS WD WS WD WS WD WS WD WS

1 CALM 0 CALM 0 NE 6 CALM 0 CALM 0 SE 6

2 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 4 ESE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0

3 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 6 E 4

4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 4 E 4

5 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 4




9 CALM 0 CALM 0 SE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0


11 CALM 0 CALM 0 SE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0

12 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0

13 CALM 0 CALM 0 ENE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0

14 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 ESE 4 CALM 0

15 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 NE 4 CALM 0

16 NNE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0


18 CALM 0 CALM 0 NW 4 CALM 0 NE 4 CALM 0

19 NNE 6 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0

20 CALM 0 CALM 0 NW 4 CALM 0 ENE 4 CALM 0

21 ENE 6 CALM 0 NNE 10 E 4 CALM 0 CALM 0

22 NE 6 CALM 0 ENE 10 E 6 CALM 0 CALM 0

23 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 8 CALM 0 CALM 0 SE 4


25 CALM 0 CALM 0 NE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0

26 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 4 CALM 0 E 4 SE 4


28 NE 6 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 ESE 4 CALM 0

29 CALM 0 E 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 6 E 4

30 XX XX E 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 4

31 NE 8 NE 12 E 10 CALM 0



Table 20: Monthly Meteorological Data for the Year – 2012

STATION YEAR MONTH MAX MIN RF RHI RHII

KAKINADA 2012 10 32.5 24.6 86.1 78 71

KAKINADA 2012 11 30.4 22.2 406.3 83 74

KAKINADA 2012 12 30.1 20.2 0.0 80 69

GANNAVARAM 2012 10 32.3 22.7 134.4 84 78

GANNAVARAM 2012 11 30.9 20.5 215.8 87 74

GANNAVARAM 2012 12 31.2 18.9 0.0 86 70 LEGEND: WD DIRECTION OF WIND WS SPED OF THE WIND IN KILO METRE PER HOUR N NORTHERLY DIRECTION NNW NORTH NORTH WESTERLY

NW NORTH WESTERLY WNW WEST NORTHWESTERLY W WESTERLY WSW WEST SOUTHWESTERLY SW SOUTH WESTERTY SSW SOUTH SOUTHWESTERLY S SOUTHERLY SSE SOUTH SOUTHEASTERLY SE SOUTH EASTERLY ESE EAST SOUTHEASTERLY E EASTERLY ENE EAST NORTHEASTERLY NE NORTH EASTERLY NNE NORTH NORTHEASTERLY VRB VARIABLE MAX MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE IN DEGREE CELSIUS MIN MEAN MINIMUM TEMPERATURE INDEGREE CELSIUS RF TOTAL RAINFALL IN THE MONTH IN MILLIMETERS RHI MEAN RELATIVE HUMIDITY IN % FOR 0830 HRS IST RHII MEAN RELATIVE HUMIDITY N% FOR 1730 HRS IST XX DATA NOT AVAILABLE



Fig. 7: Wind Rose Diagram for 1st - 9th October, 2012

Kakinada Station (For East Godavari and West Godavari District wells)

Proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block

Wind Speed:

0-5 Kmph

5-10 Kmph

10-15 Kmph

15-20 Kmph



Fig. 8: Wind Rose Diagram for 10th- 18th November, 2012



0-5 Kmph

5-10 Kmph

10-15 Kmph

15-20 Kmph

Wind Speed:



Fig. 9: Wind Rose Diagram for 19th- 27th December, 2012



Wind Speed:

0-5 Kmph

5-10 Kmph

10-15 Kmph

15-20 Kmph



Fig. 10: Wind Rose Diagram for 19th - 27th October, 2012

Gannavaram Station (For Krishna District wells)

Proposed locations in West Godavari PML Block

Wind Speed:

0-5 Kmph

5-10 Kmph

10-15 Kmph

15-20 Kmph



Fig. 11: Wind Rose Diagram for 10th- 18th November, 2012



Wind Speed:

0-5 Kmph

5-10 Kmph

10-15 Kmph

15-20 Kmph



Fig. 12: Wind Rose Diagram for 19th- 27th December, 2012



Wind Speed:

0-5 Kmph

5-10 Kmph

10-15 Kmph

15-20 Kmph



6.1.3 Noise Environment

Noise level measurement locations were identified for assessment of existing noise

level status, keeping in view the land use pattern, residential areas in villages, schools,

etc., the day levels of noise have been monitored during 6 AM to 10 PM and the night

levels during 10 PM to 6 AM. Range of values of Noise levels is given in the table below

Table 21: Range of values of ambient Noise level quality

S. no.

Noise Levels




1 Day Time 42.8-57.4 dB 48.6-56.9 dB 42.7-54.6 dB

2 Night Time 35.4-44.3 dB 40.0-44.9 dB 36.2-44.8 dB

Noise levels varied from a minimum value of 42.7 dB to maximum of 57.4 dB in day

time and in night time the noise levels varied from a minimum value of 35.4 dB to

maximum of 44.9 dB amongst all the locations. Noise levels data at proposed locations

in Godavari Onland and West Godavari PML Blocks was collected and is given in the

tables below:

Table 22: Ambient Noise Levels (Base Line Data Measured During Oct-Dec 2012) at proposed Locations in Godavari Onland and West Godavari PML Block of East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna District

Sl. No.

Site Location Equivalent Noise Levels in dB (A)

Day Time Night Time

1 Mandapeta (8

wells)

Location 1 48.7 36.4



2 Kesavadasupalem




3 Kesanapalli West

(5 wells)




4 Kammapalem (7

wells)






5 Vygreswaram




6 Penugonda (10

wells)




7 Lakshmaneswaram

/ LSDA




8

Penugonda PGDA and PGDB




9

Kaikaluru (3 wells)




10 Lingala




11 Nandigama




1. Day time is reckoned in between 6 am to 10 pm 2. Night time is reckoned in between 10 pm to 6 am

6.1.4 Water Quality

During the study, ground water monitoring stations were selected for water quality

assessment. The parameters tested included pH, TDS, Chlorides, TSS, EC, Heavy

metals and other parameters in line with the requirement of regulatory agencies.

Samples of ground water and surface water were analyzed for base line studies at

proposed new locations. Range of values of parameters of Water quality is given in the

table below:

Table 23: Range of values of parameters of Water quality

S. no.




1 pH 7.04– 7.60 7.31 – 7.62 7.22 – 7.51

2 EC 262-1082mhos/cm 342-954mhos/cm 335-1977mhos/cm



3 Turbidity 0.2-0.8 NTU 0.3-0.7 NTU 0.5-3 NTU

4 TDS 174-699 mg/L 211-609 mg/L 217-5760 mg/L

5 TSS 4.3-9.6 mg/L 3.6-9.3 mg/L 4-8.8 mg/L

6 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3

74-256 mg/l 106-345 mg/l 94-887 mg/l

7 Total Hardness as CaCO3

110-378 mg/l 141-359 mg/l 139-1540 mg/l

8 Calcium as Ca 26-92 mg/l 35.2-68 mg/l 34-228 mg/l

9 Magnesium as Mg

10.5-35.9 mg/l 13-46 mg/l 13.1-233 mg/l

10 Chlorides as Cl

47-233 mg/l 51.6-181 mg/l 78-2130 mg/l

11 Sulphates as SO4

4-31.8 mg/l 9.5-24.3 mg/l 5.2-94 mg/l

12 Nitrate as NO3

0.04-2.14 mg/l 0.041-2.49 mg/l 0.027-2.78 mg/l

13 Sodium as Na 17.5-88.5 mg/l 18-55 mg/l 37.2-1024 mg/l

14 BOD 1.1-2.9 ppm 1.3-1.8 ppm 1.7-2.6 ppm

15 Potassium as K

1.5-5.2 mg/l 1-3.5 mg/l 1.2-16 mg/l

16 Sulphide & Phenolic Compounds

Negligible amounts Negligible amounts Negligible amounts

17 Iron as Fe 0.01-0.07 mg/l 0.01-0.09 mg/l 0.005-0.054 mg/l

18 Chromium as Cr

0.001-0.003 mg/l <0.001 mg/l 0.001-0.005 mg/l

19 Lead as Pb 0.001-0.005 mg/l 0.001-0.003 mg/l 0.001-0.009 mg/l

20 Cadmium as Cd

<0.001 mg/l <0.001 mg/l <0.001 mg/l

21 Copper as Cu 0.001-0.002 mg/l 0.001-0.002 mg/l 0.001-0.002

22 Nickel as Ni <0.001 mg/l <0.001 mg/l <0.001 mg/l

23 Zinc as Zn 0.001-0.17 mg/l 0.002-0.05 mg/l 0.001-0.12 mg/l

24 Fluoride as F 0.48-0.89 mg/l 0.63-0.80 mg/l 0.55-0.88 mg/l

25 Phosphates as PO4

0.08-0.74 mg/l 0.06-0.49 mg/l 0.09-0.78 mg/l

26 Arsenic as As <0.001 mg/l <0.001 mg/l <0.001 mg/l

27 Manganese as Mn

0.001-0.002 mg/l 0.001-0.003 mg/l 0.001-0.006 mg/l

28 Residual Chlorine

Nil Nil Nil

29 Oil & grease Not detected Not detected Not detected



Water Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland and West Godavari PML

Blocks was collected and compared with the Permissible Limits as per IS 10500:2012 of

Drinking Water Specification and is given in the following tables below:

Table 24: Water Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block of East Godavari District (I) Sampling done in Oct-Dec ‘12

S.No. LOCATION Mandapeta (8

wells) Kesavdasupalem

Permissible Limit as per

IS 10500:2012 Parameters Unit

Ground Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Surface Water

1. pH - 7.60 7.32 7.44 7.18 6.5-8.5

2. EC mhos/cm 718 311 821 372

3. Turbidity NTU 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.5 5

4. TDS mg/l 444 186 535 241 2000

5. TSS mg/l 5.8 8.4 6.3 9.6

6. Total

Alkalinity as CaCO3

mg/l 225 88 256 104 600

7. Total

Hardness as CaCO3

mg/l 274 130 315 154 600

8. Calcium as

Ca mg/l 69.6 26 74.7 37.8 200

9. Magnesium

as Mg mg/l 24.3 15.7 31.2 14.6 100

10. Chlorides

as Cl mg/l 115 47 192 86.7 1000

11. Sulphates

as SO4 mg/l 26.5 4.5 31.8 5.7 400

12. Nitrate as

NO3 mg/l 1.85 0.052 2.14 0.09 45

13. Sodium as

Na mg/l 42.3 17.5 61.5 41.3

14. BOD ppm 1.1 2.9 1.2 2.1

15. Potassium

as K mg/l 4.0 1.5 5.0 2.2

16. Sulphides mg/l NIL NIL NIL NIL 0.05

17. Phenolic

Compounds mg/l NIL NIL NIL NIL 0.002



18. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.042 0.030 0.06 0.04 0.3

19. Chromium

as Cr mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.05

20. Lead as Pb mg/l 0.005 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.01

21. Cadmium

as Cd mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.003

22. Copper as

Cu mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 1.5

23. Nickel as Ni mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.02

24. Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.005 0.001 0.006 0.001 15

25. Fluoride as

F mg/l 0.62 0.48 0.73 0.61 1.5

26. Phosphates

as PO4 mg/l 0.15 0.08 0.2 0.1

27. Arsenic as

As mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.05

28. Manganese

as Mn mg/l 0.003 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.3

29. Residual Chlorine

mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil 1

Table 25: Water Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block of East Godavari District (II) Sampling done in Oct-Dec ‘12

S.No. LOCATION Kesanapalli

West (5 wells) Kammapalem

(7 wells) Vygreswaram Permissible

Limit as per IS

10500:2012 Parameters Unit Ground Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Surface Water

Ground

Water

Surface

Water

1. pH - 7.25 7.04 7.28 7.35 7.33 7.09 6.5-8.5

2. EC mhos/cm 590 262 1082 496 656 297

3. Turbidity NTU 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.5 5

4. TDS mg/l 385 174 699 307 428 192 2000

5. TSS mg/l 5.4 8.9 4.3 8.6 4.5 8.1

6.

Total

Alkalinity as

CaCO3

mg/l 183 74 192 122 204 83.0 600



7.

Total

Hardness

as CaCO3

mg/l 227 110 378 186 252 123 600

8. Calcium as

Ca mg/l 53.8 27.1 92 42.4 59.8 30.2 200

9. Magnesium

as Mg mg/l 22.5 10.5 35.9 19.4 25.0 11.7 100

10. Chlorides

as Cl mg/l 137 62.4 233 106 153 69.3 1000

11. Sulphates

as SO4 mg/l 22.8 4.0 22.6 12.5 25.4 4.5 400

12. Nitrate as

NO3 mg/l 1.53 0.04 3.06 0.048 1.71 0.05 45

13. Sodium as

Na mg/l 44.2 29.7 88.5 42.6 49.2 33.0

14. BOD ppm 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.1 1.7

15. Potassium

as K mg/l 2.0 1.0 5.2 2.0 3.0 1.0

16. Sulphides mg/l NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 0.05

17. Phenolic

Compounds mg/l NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 0.002

18. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.3

19. Chromium

as Cr mg/l <0.001 <0.001 0.003 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.05

20. Lead as Pb mg/l <0.001 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.01

21. Cadmium

as Cd mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.003

22. Copper as

Cu mg/l <0.001 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 1.5

23. Nickel as Ni mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.02

24. Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.002 0.001 0.17 0.04 0.002 0.001 15

25. Fluoride as mg/l 0.77 0.69 0.89 0.67 0.72 0.63 1.5



F

26. Phosphates

as PO4 mg/l 0.15 0.10 0.74 0.11 0.23 0.11

27. Arsenic as

As mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.05

28. Manganese

as Mn mg/l <0.001 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.3


mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 1

Table 26: Water Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block of West Godavari District Sampling done in Oct-Dec ‘12

S.No. LOCATION Penugonda (10

wells) Penugonda PGDA/

PGDB Lakshmaneswar

am LSDA Permissible Limit as

per IS 10500:201

2 Parameters Unit

Ground Water

Surface

Water

Ground Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Surface

Water

1. pH - 7.61 7.55 7.36 7.41 7.62 7.31 6.5-8.5

2. EC mhos/cm

884 403 954 342 527 342

3. Turbidity NTU 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.6 5

4. TDS mg/l 542 259 609 211 338 219 2000

5. TSS mg/l 5.9 7.8 3.6 9.3 5.5 8.2

6. Total

Alkalinity as CaCO3

mg/l 318 137 345 108 168 106 600

7. Total

Hardness as CaCO3

mg/l 321 172 359 141 255 164 600

8. Calcium as

Ca mg/l 60.4 35.2 68 35 62 37.6 200

9. Magnesium

as Mg mg/l 41.5 20.4 46 13 24.3 17.0 100

10. Chlorides as

Cl mg/l 151 68.5 181 54 88.2 51.6 1000

11. Sulphates

as SO4 mg/l 24.3 9.8 15.2 9.5 14.2 10.1 400



12. Nitrate as

NO3 mg/l 2.7 0.05 2.08 0.06 2.49 0.041 45

13. Sodium as

Na mg/l 45.0 23.0 55 18 30.1 20.0

14. BOD ppm 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.3 1.7

15. Potassium

as K mg/l 3.5 1.2 3.0 1.0 3.5 1.0


17. Phenolic


18. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.04 0.02 0.09 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.3

19. Chromium

as Cr mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

<0.001

0.05

20. Lead as Pb mg/l 0.003 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.003 <0.00

1 0.01

21. Cadmium as

Cd mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

<0.001

0.003

22. Copper as

Cu mg/l 0.001 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.002

<0.001

1.5

23. Nickel as Ni mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.00

1 0.02

24. Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.005 0.002 15

25. Fluoride as

F mg/l 0.80 0.63 0.75 0.70 0.80 0.63 1.5

26. Phosphates

as PO4 mg/l 0.43 0.12 0.49 0.08 0.26 0.06

27. Arsenic as

As mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

<0.001

0.05

28. Manganese

as Mn mg/l 0.003 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.002

<0.001

0.3





Table 27: Water Quality Data at proposed locations in West Godavari PML Block of Krishna District Sampling done in Oct-Dec ‘12

S.No. LOCATION Kaikaluru field (3

wells) Lingala Nandigama Permissible

Limit as per IS

10500:2012 Parameters Unit

Ground Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Surface Water

1. pH - 7.22 7.24 7.3 7.28 7.51 7.26 6.5-8.5

2. EC mhos/cm 1761 1088 1977 1114 739 335

3. Turbidity NTU 0.5 0.7 3 0.8 0.6 0.9 5

4. TDS mg/l 1095 665 5760 688 482 217 2000

5. TSS mg/l 6.4 8.8 4 8.2 5.5 8.1

6.

Total

Alkalinity as

CaCO3

mg/l 705 406 887 481 231 94 600

7.

Total

Hardness

as CaCO3

mg/l 415 335 1540 411 284 139 600

8. Calcium as

Ca mg/l 74 58 228 72 67.2 34 200

9. Magnesium

as Mg mg/l 55.8 46.1 233 50.8 28.1 13.1 100

10. Chlorides

as Cl mg/l 365 218 2130 269 173 78 1000

11. Sulphates

as SO4 mg/l 20.1 12.5 94.0 18.7 28.6 5.2 400

12. Nitrate as

NO3 mg/l 2.78 0.027 2.23 0.058 1.93 0.08 45

13. Sodium as

Na mg/l 122 72.6 1024 87.3 55.4 37.2

14. BOD ppm 1.7 2.2 1.8 2.6 1.6 1.9

15. Potassium mg/l 5.8 1.2 16 2.2 4.5 2.0



as K


17. Phenolic


18. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.029 0.004 0.032 0.005 0.054 0.036 0.3

19. Chromium

as Cr mg/l 0.005 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.05

20. Lead as Pb mg/l 0.009 <0.001 0.007 <0.001 0.004 <0.001 0.01

21. Cadmium

as Cd mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.003

22. Copper as

Cu mg/l 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 1.5

23. Nickel as Ni mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.02

24. Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.12 0.008 0.07 0.005 0.003 0.001 15

25. Fluoride as

F mg/l 0.88 0.69 0.74 0.68 0.66 0.55 1.5

26. Phosphates

as PO4 mg/l 0.64 0.15 0.78 0.20 0.18 0.09

27. Arsenic as

As mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.05

28. Manganese

as Mn mg/l 0.006 <0.001 0.003 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.3



6.1.5 Soil Environment

During the study, soil sampling stations were selected for soil quality assessment. The

parameters tested included pH, moisture %, Calcium, Magnesium, Organic matter %,

SAR and other parameters in line with the requirement of regulatory agencies.

Samples of soil were analyzed for base line data generation at proposed new locations.

Range of values of parameters of soil quality is given in the table below:



Table 28: Range of values of parameters of soil quality

S. No. LOCATION




PARAMETERS

1. Physical Appearance

Brown Colour Brown Colour Brown Colour

2. pH (1:5 Soil water extract)

7.37-8.33 8.05-8.21 8.17-7.95

3. E.C.(1:5 Soil water extract)

375-628

mhos/cm 536-785 mhos/cm 428-549 mhos/cm

4. Moisture 11.1-14.4% 11.2-13.6% 10.2-11.4%

5. Chloride as Cl 82-126 mg/100gm 116-158 mg/100gm 114-121 mg/100gm

6. Nitrogen as N 0.09-0.18% 0.13-0.15% 0.11-0.16%

7. Calcium as Ca 98-145 mg/100gm 106-203 mg/100gm 127-152 mg/100gm

8. Magnesium as Mg

44-58 mg/100gm 41-71 mg/100gm 49-53 mg/100gm

9. Phosphorous as P2O5

61-118 mg/100gm 63-68 mg/100gm 68-110 mg/100gm

10. Potassium as K2O

21-338 mg/100gm 255-295 mg/100gm 302-314 mg/100gm

11. Sulphate as SO4

70.3-86 mg/100gm 71-125 mg/100gm 84-86 mg/100gm

12. Organic matter

0.66-0.88% 0.91-1.29% 0.79-1.34%

13. Organic Carbon

0.38-0.51% 0.47-0.75% 0.46-0.78%

14. SAR 1.81-2.05 2.01-6.85 1.99-3.24

15. Sodium 22.1-28.5% 22.0-26.0% 22.6-29.4%

Soil Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland and West Godavari PML

Blocks was collected and is given in the following tables below:



Table 29: Soil Analysis (Base Line Data) at proposed locations in Godavari

Onland PML Block of East Godavari District (I) Sampling done in Oct-Dec ‘12

S. No. LOCATION

Mandapeta (8 wells)

Kesavdaspalem Kesanapalli West (5 wells)

PARAMETERS UNITS


- Brown Colour Brown Colour Brown Colour


8.08 8.01 7.37


mhos/cm 445 442 375

4. Moisture % 13.6 11.1 12.6

5. Chloride as Cl mg/100gm 102 121 82

6. Nitrogen as N % 0.10 0.18 0.14

7. Calcium as Ca mg/100gm 145 134 98

8. Magnesium as Mg

mg/100gm 44 55 46


mg/100gm 66 118 101


mg/100gm 338 309 212

11. Sulphate as SO4

mg/100gm 78 82 70.3

12. Organic matter % 0.75 0.75 0.66

13. Organic Carbon

% 0.43 0.41 0.38

14. SAR - 1.95 1.92 1.81

15. Sodium % 28.3 28.0 26.7




Onland PML Block of East Godavari District (II)

Sampling done in Oct-Dec ‘12

s. No.

LOCATION Kammapalem (7 wells)

Vygreswaram

PARAMETERS


- Brown Colour Brown Colour


8.33 7.74


mhos/cm 628 401

4. Moisture % 14.4 10.0

5. Chloride as Cl mg/100gm 126 106

6. Nitrogen as N % 0.09 0.16

7. Calcium as Ca mg/100gm 132 122

8. Magnesium as Mg mg/100gm 58 50


mg/100gm 61 107

10. Potassium as K2O mg/100gm 294 280

11. Sulphate as SO4 mg/100gm 86 74.5

12. Organic matter % 0.88 0.68

13. Organic Carbon % 0.51 0.38

14. SAR - 2.05 1.87

15. Sodium % 22.1 28.5




Onland PML Block of West Godavari District. Sampling done in Oct-Dec ‘12

S. No.

LOCATION Penugonda (10 wells)

Penugonda PGDA/PGDB

Lakshmaneswaram LSDA

PARAMETERS Unit


- Brown Colour

Brown Colour Brown Colour


8.10 8.21 8.05


mhos/cm 536 604 785

4. Moisture % 11.2 13.6 13.0

5. Chloride as Cl mg/100gm 116 122 158

6. Nitrogen as N % 0.13 0.15 0.13

7. Calcium as Ca mg/100gm 144 106 203

8. Magnesium as Mg mg/100gm 41 44 71


mg/100gm 65 63 68

10. Potassium as K2O mg/100gm 295 255 276

11. Sulphate as SO4 mg/100gm 82 71 125

12. Organic matter % 1.29 0.82 0.91

13. Organic Carbon % 0.75 0.47 0.53

14. SAR - 3.05 2.01 6.85

15. Sodium % 23.4 22.0 26.0

Table 32: Soil Analysis (Base Line Data) at proposed locations in West Godavari

PML Block of Krishna District. Sampling done in Oct-Dec ‘12

S. No.

LOCATION Kaikaluru field

(3 wells) Nandigama

PARAMETERS UNITS


- Brown Colour Brown Colour




8.17 7.95


mhos/cm 549 428

4. Moisture % 11.4 10.2

5. Chloride as Cl mg/100gm 121 114

6. Nitrogen as N % 0.11 0.16

7. Calcium as Ca mg/100gm 152 127

8. Magnesium as Mg

mg/100gm 49 53


mg/100gm 68 110


mg/100gm 302 314

11. Sulphate as SO4

mg/100gm 86 84

12. Organic matter % 1.34 0.79

13. Organic Carbon

% 0.78 0.46

14. SAR - 3.24 1.99

15. Sodium % 22.6 29.4

6.1.5 Biological Environment

6.1.5.1 Biodiversity of the Study Area

The study area consists of dominantly soil system where the irrigation is supported by

network of river canals. Consistent with the variety of soils, climate and the past

management the study area bears a variety with different species and composition.

Essentially all are tropical vegetation identified into various ecological formations. Trees,

shrubs and herbs were recorded for measuring plant‟s importance. Qualitatively, flora

can be assessed by delineating the type, its habitat, unique vegetation features and

interrelations with other community members. A sizable number of animal species were

found to be recorded by the forest department of the area. Apart from barren lands,

open grassland, herbs, shrubs, bushes and aquatic impoundments are favorable

habitats for the wild animals. Besides obtaining a sufficiency of food, self-preservation



for the animals implies the ability to protect itself against other animals which live in its

surroundings, against fellows of its own or other species, against enemies which seek to

harm or destroy it. Quite apart from their general alertness and quickness of movement,

characters in which they are equaled only by birds, mammals possess a varied armory

of weapons of offence and defense.

6.1.5.2 Vegetative Composition of the Study Area

East Godavari District

The detail of the growing stock of the district is as follows:

a. Total growing stock is 20.40 million M3. Of this, 18.53 million M3 is in Dense

Forest, 1.72 million M3 in Open and 0.16 million M3

in the Scrub Forest.

b. Average growing stock of the division is 63.07 M3/Ha. Canopy class-wise

average growing stocks are 75.79 M3 /Ha in Dense, 41.36 M3

/Ha in Open and

22.81 M3 /Ha in Scrub Forest.

Fig 13: Forest Distribution in East Godavari District



c. The 5 species contributing maximum to the Growing Stock in the division

and their contribution is given in the table below.

S.

No.

Species Name Volume in Million M3

1 Xylia xylocarpa 3.92

2 Pterocarpus marsupium 0.98

3 Terminalia tomentosa 0.81

4 Mangifera indica 1.33

5 Anogeissus latifolia 1.24

d. The total number of stems in the division is 64.76 million. Of these, 56.44

million fall in Dense, 7.74 million in the Open and 0.58 million in Scrub Forest.

e. Average number of stems per Ha in division is 200. They are in Dense Forest -

231 /Ha, Open Forest - 187 /Ha and in Scrub Forest - 84 /Ha.

f. Top 5 prominent species in terms of number of stems in the division are

Xylia xylocarpa, Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia tomentosa, Tectona grandis and

Cassia siamea.

Non-Teak Miscellaneous Hardwood Forests species that are commonly found

dominating the canopy are Xylia xylocarpa, Pterocarpus marsupium, Adina

cordifolia, Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia alata, T. arjuna, T. bellerica, Mitragyna

parviflora, Ougenia dalbergeioidis, Kydia calycina, Mangifera indica, Diospyros

melanoxylon, Buchnania lanzan, Dalbergia latifolia, Gmelina arborea, Lannea

coromandalica, Lagerstroemia spp. Dendrocalamus strictus, Bamboosa

arundinaceae etc. Such Forests are predominant in East Godavari District. Besides,

these forests are rich in biodiversity and are the home for a variety of herbs, shrubs

and climber that are valued for their medicinal properties.

Bamboo Forests: The predominant species of bamboo are Dendrocalamus strictus,

Dendrocalamus hamiltonii and Bamboosa arundinacea. Bamboosa arundinacea

occurs in moist localities along the streams. Dendrocalamus hamiltonii occurs in

moist localities a little away from streams and in moist valleys. Dendrocalamus



strictus is widely distributed even in relatively drier localities. These species occur

gregariously as a middle storey in the natural stands in patches. However they are

seen to grow copiously in areas with relatively wide canopy openings. While

Dendrocalamus hamiltonii is confined to Visakhapatnam and East Godavari the

other two species are distributed all over the state.

Table 33: Species Wise Growing Stock- East Godavari Catchment

Forest area 6548.00 Sq. Km.

Species Volume (%)

Xylia Xylocarpa 15.3

Anogeissus latifolia 9.5

Terminalia tomentosa 9.1

Pterocarpus marsupium 7.3

Miscellaneous species - 4.5

Syzygium cumini 3.3

Lannea coromandelica 2.6

Mangifera indica 2.4

Dillena pentagyna 2.2

Schleichera oleosa 2.2

Garuga pinnata 2.2

Lagerstroemiaparvifora 2.2

Cleistantus collinus 1.9

Grewia tiliaefolia 1.7

Diospyros melanoxylon 1.7

Bursera Serrate 1.6

Adina cordifolia 1.5

Madhuca longifolia & latifolia 1.5

Terminalia chebula 1.4

Terminalia belerica 1.2

Ougeinia dalbergiodes 1.1

Stereospermum suaveolens & S. Xylocarpum 0.9

Gmelina arborea 0.9

Tamarindus indica 0.9

Mitragyna parvifolia 0.7

Bridelia squamosa (B. retusa) 0.6

Dalberigia paniculata 0.7

Buchanania lanzan + B. ungustifolia 0.5



Emblica officinalis 0.5

Sterculiaurens 0.6

Rest of species

LESS FREQUENT SPECIES GROUPED BY UTILITY CLASSES

Big timber species 1.5

Small timber species 1.8

Pulpable species 9.2

Fuel species and the rest 1.7

TOTAL 100.4

Source: Andhra Pradesh Forest Department, Facts and Figures, 2009

West Godavari District

Forest types in West Godavari district include moist deciduous forests confined mostly

to Paapi hills, dry deciduous forests in agency tract and thorny forests in upland region.

The forest area is more in Polavaran Buttayguden, Jediugumilli. Shrub type forest

appears in Pedavegi, Chintantanlapudi mandals. The forests in Eluru division are

spread over the land mass in Krishna and West Godavari districts that lies between

Godavari and Krishna River. The southern half of the land area in this division is

coastal plain with vast delta formed by rivers Godavari & Krishna where almost whole

area is under agriculture. The forest areas of this division are confined to northern half

of the land areas where they generally clothed the hills & hill slopes.



Fig 14: Forest Distribution in West Godavari District

Total growing stock is 5.27 million M3. Of this, 4.81 million M3 is in Dense

Forest, 0.42 million M3 in Open and 0.04 million M3 in the Scrub Forest.

Average growing stock of the division is 68.22 M3/Ha. Canopy class-wise

average growing stocks are 85.32 M3 /Ha in Dense, 33.61 M3 /Ha in Open and


The 5 species contributing maximum to the Growing Stock in the division

and their contribution is given in the following table:

S. No. Species Name Volume in Million M3

1 Xylia xylocarpa 1.46

2 Anogeissus latifolia 0.49



3 Lannea coromandelica 0.24

4 Terminalia tomentosa 0.18

5 Dalbergia paniculata 0.17

The total number of stems in the division is 21.46 million. Of these, 18.05 million

fall in Dense, 3.21 million in the Open and 0.20 million in Scrub Forest.

Average number of stems per Ha in division is 278. They are in Dense Forest -

320 /Ha, in Open Forest - 254 /Ha and in Scrub Forest - 105 /Ha.

Top 5 prominent species in terms of number of stems in the division are

Xylia xylocarpa, Anogeisus latifolia, Cleistanthus collinus, Eucalyptus tereticornis

and Wrightia tomentosa.

Table 34: List of Major Shrubs & Trees in West Godavari District

S. no.

Name of Plant Family

1. Boerhavia diffusa Nyctanginaceae

2. Evolvulus nummularis Convolulaceae

3. Gomphrina ceosioide Amaranthaceae

4. Zizipus mauritiana Rhamnaceae

5. Achyranthus aspera Amaranthaceae

6. Amaranthus viridis Amaranthaceae

7. Tribulus zygophylaceae Zygophyllaceae

8. Altrnanthera sessilis Amarunthaceae

9. Cyanodon species Craminaea

10. Manselia minuta Marsiliaceae

11. Tamarix species Tamariaceae

12. Cida chordata Malvaceae

13 Vironia species Compositae

14 Asparagus species Liliaceae

15 Cleome gynandra Cleomaceae

16 Lantata camera Verbenaceae

17 Adathoda vasica Acanthaceae

18 Heliotropium species Boranginaceae

19 Convolvulus species Convolvulaceae

20 Abutilon indicum Malvaceae

21 Cardiospurmum halicalrum Sapindaceae



22 Cassia species Leguminoceae

23 Cestrum species Solanaceae

24 Murraya exotica Rutaceae

25 Commelina benghalensis Commelinaceae

26 Tridex proumbens Compositeae

27 Phyllanthus Euphorliaceae

28. Palmera plan Palmae

29. Moringa Moningaceae

30 Mimosops elengi Saptoceae

31 Grecia hirsuta Tiliaceae

32 Typha elephantia Typhaceae

33 Lotus Nymphaceae

34 Marsilea quadrifolia Marsiliaceae

35 Salvinia motesta Salviniaceae

36 Pistia stratiotes Araceae

37 Nelumbo nucifera Nymphaceae

38 Trapa natans Nydrocaryaceae

39 Eichhornia crassipis Potederiaceae

40 Calotropis species Ascalpidaceae

41 Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae

42 Acacia Leguminoseae

43 Delonix regia Leguminoseae

Krishna District

Krishna district which derives its name from the famous river Krishna is one of the nine

districts of Coastal Andhra Pradesh and harbors a rich and varied flora. A total of 805

species of angiosperms and Pteridophytes belonging to 479 genera and 128 families

have been enumerated. Forests occupy 9% of the total district area. It contains

Reserved Forest areas in Nandigama, Vijayawada, Tiruvuru, Nuzvid, Gannavaram,

Bandar and Divi Taluks. A type of light wood known as „Ponuku‟ (Gyrocapus jacquini) is

found in the Kondapalli hills The most noticeable trees are pterocarpus, Terminalia,

Anogeissus and Logustroeinai and Casuarina.



Fig 15: Forest Distribution in Krishna District

The detail of the growing stock of the district is as follows:

a. Total growing stock is 0.74 million M3. Out of this, 0.55 million M3 is in Dense

Forest and 0.19 million M3 in Open.

b. Average growing stock of the division is 11.54 M3/Ha. Canopy class-wise

average growing stocks are 19.95 M3 /Ha in Dense, 30.46 M3 /Ha in Open and


c. The 5 species contributing maximum to the Growing Stock in the division

and their contribution is given in the following table:



S. No.

Species Name Volume in Million M3

1 Garuga pinnata 0.07

2 Mangifera indica 0.07

3 Lannea coromandelica 0.06

4 Gyrocarpus americanus 0.05

5 Borassus flabellifer 0.04

d. The total number of stems in the division is 4.36 million. Of these, 3.53 million

fall in Dense, 0.81million in the Open and 0.02 million in Scrub Forest.

e. Average number of stems per Ha in division is 68. They are in Dense Forest -

128 /Ha, Open Forest - 130 /Ha and in Scrub Forest -10 /Ha.

f. Top 5 prominent species in terms of number of stems in the division are

Grewia tiliaefolia, Anogeissus latifolia, Bridellia retusa, Mangifera indica and

Wrightia tinctoria.

The Krishna district is rich in medicinal plants in and around the forests of Kondapalle

reserve as given below in Table 35.

Table 35: List of medicinal plants found in Krishna district

Sl.

No.

Flora species Family Local

Name

Habitat

1 Abrus Precatorius

L.

Fabaceae Gurivinda Very common along

hedges

2 Achyranthes

aspera L.

Amaranthaceae Uttareni common along hedges

3 Adhatoda zeylanica

Medic

Acanthaceae Adds

saramu

Planted along fences in

plains

4 Aerva lanata (L).

Juss.

Amaranthaceae. Pindi kura Frequent along waste

lands

5 Andrographis

paniculata

(Burnm.f.) Wall Ex

Nees

Acanthaceae Nela vemu Common weed in waste

lands

6 Argemone

mexicana L.

Papaveraceae. Balurakkisa Growing abundantly in

open waste lands

7 Asperaqus

racemosus Willd.

Liliaceae. Pillitheegalu A frequent herb in the

forest under growth and

in foot-hills.



8 Asystasia

gangetica (L.) T.

And.

Acanthaceae Mukka

mungera

Straggling mostly

amongst bushes,

particularly in coastal

plains

9 Azadirachta indica

A.Juss.

Meliaceae Vepa Common in dry areas,

both hilly and plains.

10 Boerhavia diffusa

L.

Nyctaginaceae Punarnava Common in plains from

sea coast to interiors

11 Calotropis

gigantean (L.) R.

Br.

Asclepiadaceae Jilledu Common in drier areas

12 Cardiospermum

helicacabum L.

Sap indaceae Budda

busara

Common amongst

bushes

13 Cassia occidentalis

L.

Caesalpinaceae Kasinda Common weed along

road sides

14 Catharanthus

roseus (L). G. Don

Apocynaceae Bill ganneru Widely seen in waste

lands of hard soils

15 Cleome gynandra

L.

Cleomaceae Vaminata Frequently as a weed in

fields and in open waste

lands of hard soils

16 Coculus hirsutus

(L). Diels

Menispermaceae Dusara

theega

Common climber in

plains

17 Eclipta prostrate

(L.) A.

Asteraceae Gunta

kalgara

Frequent in open waste

lands

18 Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiacea Nanubalu Common weed in waste

lands

19 Gloriosa superba L. Liliaceae Nabhi Frequent along forest

outskirts

20 Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Nulithada Common in dry forests

21 Hemidesmus

indicus (L.) R.Br.

Periplocaceae Sugandi

pala theega

Common amongst

bushes

22 Holarrhena

pubesoers (Such-

Ham.) Wall Ex G.

Don

Apocynaceae Tedla pala Common in the forest

outskirts

23 Ichnocarpus

frutescens (L.)

R.Br.

Apocynaceae Palatheega Common in the forest

outskirts

24 Iqomoea acquatica

Forssk

Convolvulaceae Metha thuti

kada

Common in tanks and

ponds



25 Jatropha

gossypifolia L.

Euphorbiaceae Seema

nepalam

Commonly found along

road sides

26 Leptadenia

reticulate (Retz.)

Wt. & Arn.

Asclepiadeaceae Meka

maeani aku

Occassional on hedges

27 Martynia annua L. Martyniaceae Thelu kondi

chettu

Common weed in open

places

28 Ocimum

tenuiflorum L.

Lamiaceae Manchi

thulasi

Frequently seen in

Village house yards,

often in forests

29 Pergularia daemia

(Forssk.) Chiov.

Asclepiadaceae Dhstapu

theega

Common along hedges

30 Phyla nodiflora (L.)

Greene

Verbenaceae Bookena

aku

Common in the moist

localities

31 Ricinus communis

L.

Euphorbiaceae Amudamu Cultivated mostly around

Kondapalle

32 Solanu surrattense

Burm. F.

Solanaceae Vakudu

mulama

Occasional in waste

places near sea coat

33 Strychnos nux-

vomica L.

Loganiaceae Mushini Common in thorny scrub-

jungles

34 Tinospora cordifolia

(Willd.) Miers ex

Hk. F & T.

Menispermaceae Tippa

theega

Occasional along plains

35 Tridax procumbens

L.

Asterceae Bellam

kada

Common weed in waste

lands

36 Tylophova indica

(Burm. f.) Marr.

Asclepiadaceae Kaka palla Common amongst

bushes

37 Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae Vavili Parts in black cotton

soils

38 Withania somnifera

(L.) Dunal

Solanaceae Penneru

gedda

Rarely found

6.1.5.3 Faunal Diversity

The role of fauna in conserving the ecological balance with respect to food chain and

food web is already a known fact. Faunal diversity of the study area includes both

vertebrates and invertebrates. Livestock and domestic animals recorded in the study

area include cow (Bos Taurus), monkey (Macaca radiata), squirrel (Rodentia Sciurus ),



dog (Cannis Familiaris), buffalo (Bison bonasus), cat (Felis Catus), goat (Capra Hircus),

sheep (Bovidae Ovis), horse (Eqqus Caballus), etc. Wild animals are found to be

present and recorded in and around the study area. The following is a brief description

about the faunal diversity in each of the three districts.

1. East Godavari District

The East Godavari River Estuarine Ecosystem (EGREE) area supports a wide range of

other faunal elements that include amphibian, reptile, bird, and mammal species,

including terrestrial species that depend on coastal ecosystems. Animals such as otter,

fishing cat, jackal and sea turtle are found in the creeks. Birds such as snipes, ducks,

sea gulls and flamingos are common. Some winter migrant species are Golden Plover

(Pluvialis apricaria), Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola), Common Snipe (Gallinago

gallinago), and Long-billed Ringed Plover (Charadrius placidus). The area serves as

spawning grounds for the growth and development of numerous fin and shell fish. A part

of the Coringa mangroves were declared and gazetted as Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary

(CWLS) in 1978 with a total area of 235.70 square kilometers under the national Wildlife

(Protection) Act, 1972. Given below is the List of Fauna of Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary:



Birds

Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea )

Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea)

Little Green Heron (Ardea

striatus)

Pond Heron (Ardeola grayii )

Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis )

Large Egret (Ardea alba)

Smaller Egret (Egretta

intermedia)

Little Egret (Egretta garzetta)

Indian Reef Heron (Egretta

gularis)

Night Heron (Nycticorax

nycticorax)

Little Bittern (Ixotrychus minutus)

Chestnut Bittern (Ixobrychus

cinnamoneus)

Yellow Bittern (Ixobrychus

sinensis)

Black Bittern (Ixobrychus

flavicollis)

Painted Stork (Mycteria

leucocephala)

Fishes

Aplochei luamelastigma

Ambasis interepta

Annabas testudinus

Annabas olegolepis

Belone caucela

Beliopthulmis bodarti

Colisa fasciata

Coilinae dussimumieri

Clarius batrachus

Chanos ehanos

Etroplus maculatus

Elops saurus

Etroplus suratensis

Gobids gorius

Heteropneustis phossilis

Liza tade

Liza pasia

Lates calcarifer

Mystus cavasius

Mystus vittatus

Mystus scenghala

Mystus aor

Mystus tengana

Mystus gulio

Migalops cyprinoides

Mugil parsia

Mugil cephalus

Muraenosox talabon

Ompak papda

Ompak binaculatus

Ompak pabe

Polynemus indicus

Pangasius pangasius

Polynemus tetradutylum

Polynemus heptadutylum

Ophioccphalus gachua

Ophioccphalus marulius

Ophioccphalus puncetatus

Ophioccphalus striatus

Mastocumbellus armotus

Mastocumbellus pancallus

Tetradon fluviatitis

Trapacanthus oxyeephalus

Wallango attu

Insects

Banded lady-bird beetle

Stag beetle

Milk weed beetle

Moths

Butterflies-Wintering monarch

Insidious housefly

Mosquitoes

Locust

Wood louse

Mandibled monster

Pale beetle grub

Caterpillar



Leaf miners

Ticks

Birch leaf roller

White Ants (Termites)

Crickets

Reptiles

House gecko

Wall lizard

Garden lizard

Skink

Monitor lizard

Fan-throated lizard

Snake skink

Striped keelback

Olive keelback Smooth water

snake

Rat snake

Dhaman

Greek snake

Wolf snake

Banded krait

Common Sandboa

Indian krait

Cobra

Russels viper

Hook nosed sea snake

Yellow sea snake

Sawback terrapin

Flapshell turtle

Olive ridley sea turtle

Hawksbill sea

Estuarine crocodile

Marsh crocodile

Amphibians

Bull frog

Pond or green frog

Toad

Skipper frog

Tree frog

Prawns

Penaeus monodon

Crustacea Penaeus

Penaeus semisulcatus

Penaeus merguiensis

Penaeus indicus

Metapenaeus monoceros

Metapenaeus affinis

Metapenaeus brevicornis

Metapenaeus dobsoni

Parapenaeopsis hardvicki

Parapenaeopsis stylifera

Parapenaeopsis sculptilis

Solenocera indica

Acetes incidus

Palaemon tempes

Crabs

Scylla serrata

Portunus pelagicus

Portunus sanguinolentus

Charybdis cruciata

Charybdis annulata

Charybdis natator

Mutata lunaris

Snails

Placuna placenta

Anandra granosa

Meretrix meretrix

Katelysia opima

Paphia malabarica



2. West Godavari

In high forest areas wild animals such as tiger, leopard, bison, Sambar, Koel,

peafowl, jungle fowl and hill mynah are seen. In degraded forest areas wild

animals and birds like Shaken, Falcon, Hoopla, Babbler etc. are common.

West Godavari district stands at the top in pisciculture when compared to other

districts in the State. This district has four marine villages. The list of marine

fishes commonly found as per official records are given in Table 36.

Table 36: List of marine fishes in West Godavari District

S.

No.

Genus / Species Popular English Name

1 Caroharis sorrah Shark

2 Rhinobates granulatus Granulated shovel nose ray

3 Himantura blockeri Whip tail sting ray

4 Anadontostoma chacunda Chacunda gizzard shad

5 Colia dussunieri Gold potted graindier anchovy

6 Chrirocentras derab Silver bar, wolf herring

7 Chanosachos Milk fishes

8 Saurida tumble Greater lizard fish

9 Harpodon neherius Bombay duck

10 Arjus Jalla Small eye cat fish

11 Anguilla nebulosa Long finned eel

12 Cypselurus cyanopterus Blue spot flying fish

13 Sphyraena jello Berracuda

14 Mugil cephalus Flat head grey mullet

15 Polynemus heptadactylue Seven finger thread fin

16 Lates calcarifer Gaint sea perch, Bekti

17 Lactarius lactarius White fish

18 Elepes para Golden scad

19 Carans carangus Black tail fravelly

20 Shiomatu niger Black pomfret

21 Liognathus duseumieri Dussumier‟s pony fish

22 Lutjanus join Shaper (Jew fish)

23 Drepane pantata Spotteu sickle fish

24 Strooplus suratensis Danded butter fish

25 Sca-tephagus arugus Spotted butter fish

26 Trypencach vegina Goby

27 Auxis rochei Bullet tuna

28 Scomberomorus commerson Narrow baried seer fish

29 Instinophorus pla-typtorus Soil fish, peacock seer



30 Khipias gladias Sword fish

31 Pesettodes erumei Indian nailout

32 Bragocephatus inermis Smooth backed blow fish

33 Upenus indicus Red mullet Indian gous fishes

34 Acetus indicus Paste shrimp

35 Panulirus polyphyrus Banded spiny lobster

36 Sepia aculata Cuttle fish

37 Saylla Serrate mudcrab

3. Krishna

Carnivorous mammalian fauna like Panthers, hyenas, jungle cats, foxes, bears

etc are found in the Krishna district. Deer, spotted deer, sambar, blackbuck and

other herbivorous animals are found in the inland forests. The district has a large

number of Murrah buffaloes and cows. Birds like Widgeons, Gadwalls,

Cormorants and Avocets etc. are found here.

Krishna Sanctuary is one of the few mangrove habitats in Andhra Pradesh.

These dense mangrove forests are nestled on the estuary of River Krishna. The

sanctuary is home to a variety of fauna as given below.

a. Mammals: Hyena, Jungle and Fishing Cat, Fox (Vulpes bengalensis) and

bear (Melursus ursinus). Among the herbivorous species are Spotted Deer

(Axis axis), Sambar (Cervus unicolor) and Black Buck (Antelope

cervicapra) are occasionally found and are a rarity except in the interior

inland forests.

b. Birds: There is good variety of birds in Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary like the

Crested Serpant Eagle, Indian Roller, Wagtails, Pipits etc.

c. Reptiles: Cobra, Russels Viper, Water Snake, Rat Snake and Tree Snake,

Garden Lizard (Calotes versicolor), Wall Lizard (Hemidactylus species)

and land tortoise (Testudo elegans) are also found. Among the amphibian

fauna, the common frog (Rana species) and in the mangrove forests the

amphibian otter or water cat (Lutra lutera) and the estuarine crocodiles are

present.



7. Anticipated Environmental Impacts, Evaluation & Mitigation Measures

7.1. Environmental Impacts Associated with Drilling

The major element involved in the process of environmental impact assessment

is identification as it leads to other elements such as quantification and

evaluation of impacts. Although, in general, a number of impacts can be

identified while describing the project, all the impacts may not be considered

significant. Hence, it is necessary to identify the critical impacts that are likely to

cause significant impact on various components of environment due to proposed

drilling.

A number of techniques are available for identification of impacts. In the present

case for the activities proposed to be carried, adaptation of “Network Method”

which involves understanding of “cause-condition-effect” relationship between an

activity and environmental parameters for identification of impacts has been

found to be most appealing tool. Table 37 shows the criteria adopted for

classifying the impacts into five broad categories. Likely impacts from Drilling

have been identified in Table 38.

Table 37: Impact Significance Criteria

Impact Significance Criteria

Major Adverse When the impact is of:

high intensity

high spread (regional) or moderate spread

high or moderate duration

Moderate Adverse When the impact is of

moderate intensity

high or moderate or low spread

high or moderate or low duration

Minor Adverse When the impact is of:

moderate or low intensity

low spread

moderate or low duration

Insignificant Adverse When the impact is of

low intensity

low spread

low duration

Beneficial When the impact are positive



Table 38: Identification of Likely Impacts from Drilling – Impacts/Risks Interaction

Environmental Sensitivities

Physical Biological Socio-economic Impacts/ Risks Activities

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il &

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ter

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& Q

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Air Q

ua

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rve F

ore

st/

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d F

ore

sts

L

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on

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n

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ting

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& G

as

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ess

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ffic

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re/

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elo

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al

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ce

s

Tou

rism

/ L

eis

ure

La

nd

Use

(M

ud

fla

ts/

Ag

ricu

ltu

re)

Drilling Site Preparation

Physical Presence including Land acquisition/Lease

√ √ √

Site Clearance √ √ √ √

Site Preparation √ √

Equipment Transportation

√ √ √ √

Campsite √ √ √ √ √

Drilling Operation

Atmospheric emissions

√ √

Noise & Vibrations

√ √ √ √

Waste generation

√ √ √

Storage of Flammables

√ √ √

Well kick √ √



The detailed list of activities and actions described earlier in this report has been

taken into consideration for generation of cause-condition-effect network (i.e.

chain of events). This type of method is advantageous in recognizing the series

of impacts that would be triggered by the proposed activities. Thus, this method

has provided a “roadmap” type of approach to the identification of second and

third order effects.

The idea was to account for the project activity and identify the types of impact,

which would initially occur. The next was to select each impact and identify the

secondary and tertiary impacts, which induced as a result. This process was

repeated until all possible impacts were identified. The greatest advantage of this

type of approach was that it allowed identifying the impacts by selecting the

tracing out the events as they are expected to occur.

While identifying the impact networks for drilling operations in the study area all

significant activities such as land acquisition, road/site clearance, drill site

preparation, diesel generation sets, waste pits well development and work over

operations have been accounted for.

The availability of energy resource (oil/gas) the end product has been considered

for the purpose of economic benefits.

The identified impacts for various components of environment viz. air, noise,

water, land and socio-economic are presented in Figs. 16 to 20 respectively. The

comprehensive environmental impact network for proposed drilling in typical case

is presented in Fig. 21. It is to be noted that in these illustrations the lines are to

be read as, “has an effect on”.


For the purpose of impact predictions on air environment emission sources can

be classified into point and area sources. There are no areas sources considered

for the purpose of predictions. The point sources identified are diesel generator

sets at drill sites. These will be in operation 24 hours a day. Emissions from the

generators will consist of mainly CO2, NOx, SO2 and suspended particles. The

concentration of SO2 in the emitted gas will depend on the fuel source. Since



diesel contains low values of sulphur, using diesel as fuel will lead to low SO2

emissions. Emissions are expected during temporary well flaring in the event gas

is discovered. Impact Significance of Air Quality during Drilling has been given in

Table 39.

The incremental GLC as a result of DG set operation are within the permissible

limits as per the CPCB. Regular monitoring for pollution levels indicate GLC

levels to be within permissible limits.

Table 39: Impact Significance of Air Quality during Drilling

Activity Impact Context Duration Intensity Significance

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Hig

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Insig

nific

an

t

Min

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Mo

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rate

Ma

jor

Drilling of Development wells

Deterioration of Air quality

√

√

√

√

Assessment of Air Quality Impacts The detail of likely emissions (particulate and gaseous) from the above mentioned sources for drilling is given in Table 40 Table 40: Emissions during Drilling of Development Wells

S.No. Parameters Unit

Operation of rig engines (including

pump requirement)

DG Power Generation

Test Flaring

1 Capacity 1000 HP/ 932.5KVA

670 HP/ 625 KVA

Test Flaring#

2 Number of

Stack Nos 2 1 1(Occasional)

3 Fuel type* HSD HSD Gas

Consumption** 3-4 m3/day 0.5-2 m3/day 125 M3/hr

4 Stack Height M 10 9 10

5 Stack Diameter M 0.305 0.254 0.0762 (Flare

diameter 0.3048 m)

6 Temperature 0C 325 325 20.8

7 Velocity m/s 22.4 21.6 -



8 PM10 Mg/Nm3

g/s 75

0.0622 75

0.0417 -

9 SO2 Mg/Nm3

g/s 50

0.0395 50

0.0265 -

10 NOX Mg/Nm3

g/s 2340

1.9064 2340

1.2778 95

0.03040

11 CO Mg/Nm3

g/s 890

0.7250 890

0.486 550

0.197 *Good quality HSD is being used for drilling activity having Total Sulphur Content 0.009% against prescribed limit 0.25 %. * Consider per day HSD consumption **Consumption is shown during Drilling Hours #the test flaring will be temporary in nature and will be for about 24 to 48 hours period depending upon the gas encountered in the well. It is expected that about 3000 m

3/day of

gas will be test flared with an hourly average quantity of 125 m3/hour.

2) Decommissioning of Project

The impacts on air environment during decommissioning of project will be

particularly in form of dust due to dismantling operations of drilling rigs and

equipments at unviable wells. Although the impacts on air environment will be

short term but will require to be mitigated to minimize dust emissions. Proper air

emissions control measures will be implemented during the decommissioning

phase. Dust suppression system to be used on the decommissioning site and dirt

track. Impact on air quality due to above project activities are discussed below.

Mitigation Measures

Measures proposed to control air emissions during drilling of oil and gas wells

include:

Minimization of emissions from drilling machineries, generators and

optimize fuel efficiency;

Minimization of flaring and emissions from any production tests as far as

possible; and

Optimization flare burner characteristics to ensure maximum burning of

hydrocarbons produced during production test of wells (only in case

required).



Generators to conform to the emission norms notified under the

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986;

Cold Venting of gases will never be resorted

All test flaring will be done by elevated flaring (stack) system (If required

so).


For hemispherical sound wave propagation through homogenous loss free

medium, one can estimate noise levels at various locations due to different

sources using model based on first principle.

Lp2 = LP1 -20 Log (r2 /r1) - Ae1,2 ………………(1)

Where Lp2 and LP1 are sound levels at points located distance r1 and r2 from

the source Ae1, 2 is the excess attenuation due to environmental conditions.

Combined effect of all the sources can be determined at various locations by

logarithmic addition.

It has been observed that generally all the noise sources in a rig installation are

scattered in an area of about 100 m x 100 m. As the proposed drilling operations

are carried out at 0.5 to 1.0 km away from the human habitation, the first

approximation one can assume that for general population in the village, every

drilling site is a ”point” source of noise.

The average equivalent sound level of such a point source can be estimated by

measurements of noise levels at approximately 50 meters in different directions

from a hypothetical source by applying equation:

Lp = Lw - 20 log r- Ae -8 …………………………(2)

Where, Lw is sound power level of the source, Lp is sound pressure level at

distance r and Ae is the environmental attenuation factor. The noise level at

different location can be calculated using equation (2) for averaged equivalent

noise source. The asymmetry of the source gets masked in this model due to

working approximation, but it is allowable for distant receptors (>1 km).

When a mechanical rig is in operation at its maximum efficiency, the drilling

platform (derrick) can be assumed as the location of the hypothetical source of

noise at the drill site where maximum noise levels are recorded (102 dBA).



Further the noise levels recorded in various directions at distance 50 m can be

used for estimation of magnitude of the average noise equivalent source. Noise

level due to such a source works out to be 44 dBA at a distance of 1 km. As

environmental attenuation, particularly due to air absorption and

crops/grass/shrubs cannot be neglected the levels will work out to be less by 7 to

10 dBA depending on the nature of vegetation, relative humidity and frequency of

the noise. Therefore average noise levels at about 1 km from the drilling rigs

would be around 37-44 dBA. The overall background noise levels would increase

by 3-4 dBA and 2-3 dBA during day and night time respectively due to drilling

operations. Deployment of electrical rigs would minimize the noise levels and

impact can be minimized.

Day night sound level, Ldn is often used to describe community noise exposure

which includes 10 dBA night time penalty. As per WHO recommendations there

is no identified risk in damage of hearing due to noise levels less than 75 dBA

(Leq 8 hrs). Most of the international damage risk criteria for hearing loss permit

Leq (12 hrs) up to 87 dBA. Further, WHO recommendations for community noise

annoyance, permits day time outdoor noise levels of 55 dBA Leq, and night time

outdoor noise level of 45 dBA Leq to meet steep criteria i.e. Leq (24 hrs) = 52.2

dBA and Ldn = 55 dBA.

The damage risk criteria for hearing, as enforced by OSHA (Occupational Safety

& Health Administration) to reduce hearing loss, stipulate that noise level up to

90 dBA are acceptable for eight hours exposure per day. At places except the

drilling platform, continuous attendance of workers is not required. Hence, the

noise levels only at the drilling platform are of concern for occupational

consideration.

7.4. Land Environment

During the drilling operation, two major sources of solid wastes are envisaged: (i)

drill cuttings, separated on a shaker (vibrating screen) which is a part of solids

handling system attached to rig and (ii) rejected drilling mud with sand and silt

separated in desander and desilter:

Drill cuttings from the wells are allowed to collect in the sump below the shale

shaker and removed periodically whereas mud is recovered and sent to recycling



tanks. Around 5 to 10 T/day of drill cutting are expected to be generated

depending on type of formation and drill performed. Drill cuttings are washed

before leaving shale shaker for recovery of attached mud. Though some mud

particles are likely to be associated with drill cuttings, the overall nature of solids

will be highly inorganic.

It is anticipated that approximately 212 m3 of drill cuttings will be generated over

a period of 40-45 days for from each well. It is planned to wash the drill cuttings

and dispose it into lined waste pit and covered by native soil.

Mud portion, which is recovered in shale shaker, passes through desander and

desilter where sand & silt are removed by centrifugal action. The sand silt

generated at this unit is contaminated with mud particle and is allowed to flow to

waste pit by washing it down. These solids contain mainly bentonite, barite and

small portion of organics along with heavy metals. These solids accumulate at

the bottom of waste pit and posses the characteristics of natural earth materials.

Quantity of rejected fine sand, silt and mud is expected to be 200-250 kg/day will

be generated.

In order to predict the environmental impacts due to drilling mud reject pits,

simulating field conditions carried out laboratory studies. The studies included

investigation of leaching potential of possible hazardous constituents from these

sources. Table 41 outlines the impact significance of waste generation.

Table 41: Impact Significance of Waste Generation during Development

drilling

Activity Context Duration Intensity Significance

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ca

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ion

al

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ort

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m

Lo

ng

Lo

w

Mo

de

rate

Hig

h

Insig

nific

an

t

Min

or

Mo

de

rate

Drilling of Development Wells

√ √ √ √

Subsurface soils were collected from the KG-PG Basin and experiments for

investigations of leaching potential of drilling mud and wastewater were carried



out in laboratory. Since pH and alkalinity can directly affect the solubility of many

parameters, especially the metals, the comparison of the two gave some

indications of the mobility of the metals. Generally, it is seen that solubility of

metal decreases with increase in pH and alkalinity. On application of the drilling

mud and wastewater to soils, this was found to be true as soils were alkaline in

nature. The transportation of ions revealed that Na, Cl and metals would tend to

be slightly elevated in subsurface soils close to the mud pits or emergency

wastewater impoundments; however, most parameters will not migrate any

significant distance away from the disposal/temporary storage facilities. Na, Cl

was the only ions to show definite vertical migration through subsurface soils,

specific conductance was used as the characteristic of zones with elevated ions.

The studies further revealed that drilling improves water holding capacity and

cation exchange capacity of soils. Thus, drilling mud could actually benefit

vegetative production. This could be attributed to the fact that the drilling mud is,

by design, impermeable suspensions of clays which form an even more

impermeable contact surface between the mud and native soils.

As a result of these characteristics, the potential for leaching of constituents from

mud pits is practically negligible. In mud pits migration of constituent will be

dominated by surface runoff rather than by percolation of precipitation downward

through the relatively impermeable drilling mud clays. Thus, neither the drill

cuttings nor the barites used would cause any toxicity to the land environment.

The aforesaid scenario of negligible pollution is a direct consequence of

implementation and continual monitoring of the environmental parameters

Further, barite was analyzed for Cd and Hg. The results always showed the

absence of these heavy metals. The various lot of barite used by ONGC has

never indicated the presence of heavy metals.


It is estimated that approximately 700 m3 of drilling fluid will be formulated during

the course of one development well to be drilled. Drilling fluid or mud is basically

a mixture of water, clay, polymers and weighting material with all individual

components being environmentally friendly. This mud will be reused as much as

possible. The mud circulation is a closed loop with the return mud going back to



the mud tanks. At the end of drilling operations, the residual (unusable) mud is

discharged in to the waste pit. The impact significance on water environment is

shown in Table 42.

Table 42: Impact Significance of Water Resource & Quality during Development drilling

Activity Impact Context Duration Intensity Significance

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Min

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Mo

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rate

Ma

jor

Drilling of Development wells

Impact on Water quality

√

√

√

√

In order to estimate the effects of surface water runoff/ overflow of waste from the

storage pits on aquatic ecosystems, short-term bioassay studies were carried out

by several institutes such as NEERI in the past. These studies revealed that the

effects of toxic substances on fish food organisms are vital factors in determining

whether fish can flourish or survive in polluted water, as in many cases the lower

organisms upon which fish depend are even more susceptible to a poison than

are the fish themselves. In order to predict the impacts, bioassay tests were

conducted on algae (Scenedesmus), Zooplankton (Daphnia and Cypris) and fish

(Lebistesreticulatus) on laboratory scale.

Pure culture of the organisms was used for the test and they were exposed

separately at various dilutions of the waste. The result indicated that the waste

was not toxic to algae. The growth of algae was stimulated in 30% within a period

of 5 days. Among other organisms tested, the fish and Daphnia were the most

resistant and susceptible to the waste. At 100% waste only 20% fish died in 48

hours.

Life cycle test with the juveniles (less than 24 hrs) of Daphnia was conducted

through two generations at two nutrient fortified concentrations (50% & 80%) of

waste in laboratory (31°-32°C) for 12 days. Only one juvenile was added at each

concentration and control on zero day. Daphnia got matured and released 6

offspring (neonates) asexually at each toxicant level and control in fifth day. The



parent Daphnia at 80% waste died on fifth day. However, in second generation

12% more and 33% less neonates were recorded at 50% and 80% waste

respectively on twelve day. It was thus concluded that the waste at 50% dilution

did not impair the growth of Daphnia.

Algal bioassay of mixed algal species showed that green and blue green algal

species are much more resistant to drilling pit waste and water soluble fractions

of crude oil, while diatoms and desmids are highly susceptible to these wastes.

When exposed to these wastes phytoplankton community is dominated by green

and blue-green algae only. These studies indicate that the phytoplankton

community structure would change if surface run off of waste fluids present in

waste pits mixes with surface water. Since, lined pits will be used for solar

evaporation of the unusable mud, the chances of run off or leaching is very low.


7.6.1. Terrestrial Environment

Prediction of Impact on Biological Environment due to any development drilling

activity is practically difficult because:

Living subjects has a natural variation in numbers; changes in numbers

cannot always be directly attributed to changes in the environment

Most of the impacts on the living system or ecosystem take long time

period to become fully visible externally.

As such, the forests are getting vanished and the growing industrialization will

affect the plant life due to industrial pollution load and influx of population.

Therefore to minimize the adverse effect; it is proposed that the adequate

management of these forest be taken up in a systematic manner.

The natural vegetation in the study area is not considerable. It will be affected

due to increased pollution load; however, it will improve due to follow up of

Environmental Management Plan (EMP). There are no rare and endangered

plant and animal species in the study area and hence no changes are

anticipated.



7.6.2. Aquatic Environment

There are no rare and endangered aquatic species and hence no change will

occur. The characteristics of the water bodies may not change appreciably.

In general, due to operation of drilling, adverse impacts are anticipated in

biological environment. Aquatic environment is likely to be affected more

adversely than the terrestrial environment without EMP. However, with the proper

follow up of EMP there will be significant improvement in biological environment

covering terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

7.6.3. Socio-economic Environment

Critically analyzing the existing status of socio-economic profile vis-à-vis its

scenario with proposed project, the impacts of the project would be of varying

nature. The predicted impacts are as follows:

The proposed activities would generate indirect employment in the region;

labor force will be required in site preparation and drilling activities, supply

of raw material, auxiliary and ancillary works which will improve the

economic status of the local unemployed persons.

The commissioning of project would lead to improvement in transport

facilities as loose or soft surface rural roads and trails will be upgraded to

facilitate movement of the drilling rig and supply vehicles

7.7. Environmental Impact Evaluation

7.7.1. Ecology

Agricultural and fishing activities form the source of livelihood for residents living

in proximity to the identified drilling areas of the Block. Paddy fields cover most of

the area. The impacts on ecology of this area will be marginal because the land

is mostly agricultural area and not falling in forest area.

7.7.2. Environmental Pollution

As the EMP recommends appropriate treatment and disposal of wastes, there

will be negligible adverse impact on aquatic environment.

The air quality of area under reference will not be altered. However, control

measures are proposed in environment management plan to mitigate any



adverse impact. It has been proposed to plant select trees for trapping toxic

hydrocarbons. Further restoration of drill sites is ensured, consistent with prior

use pattern on all well sites as per the statutory norms.

Noise levels due to transportation would not rise. The noise levels are likely to

increase (5-10) dB (A) near the drill site posing occupational health problems but

the nearby population will not get affected.

7.7.3. Aesthetics

The proposed well sites will be restored to their former land use on abandonment

such that no impacts to local aesthetics will occur. For any wells eventually put

into production there would be minor facilities placed at wellhead. The other

aesthetic parameters will show marginal effects.

7.7.4. Socio-economics

The impact on community health due to the proposed drilling activities is

negligible but the social status will improve due to increase in employment

opportunities. There will be positive impact on sanitation, transportation,

communication and community health in the region. There will be occupational

hazards due to proposed activities but these hazards will reduce through

implementation of precautionary measures suggested in EMP.

7.8. Environmental Impact Statement

The impact statement focuses on the study area within block boundary of the

proposed drilling sites. The five basic environmental components of concern are:

Air Environment

Noise Environment

Water Environment

Land Environment

Socio-economic Environment

For each of the above components of environment, the impacts are identified

through cause-condition network predicted through appropriate mathematical

models and evaluated through environmental evaluation system.



7.8.1 Air Environment

The impacts on air emissions arising out of proposed activity are mainly due to

construction activity, temporary flaring during well testing and emissions from DG

sets. These will have no adverse impact and it is anticipated that this will lead to

only marginal increase in PM 10, PM 2.5, NOx, etc. The impact of these

parameters will be negligible from the proposed activity since the terrain is plain

and sufficient amount of atmospheric mixing is available in that region. The

impact network for Air Environment is given in Fig. 16.

7.8.2. Noise Environment

The impact of noise generated by the drilling on the general population is

expected to be insignificant. Table 43 shows the expected noise levels due to

drilling. On the basis of expected noise levels calculated through standard

attenuation model, it is observed that the noise levels in the region would be

within the standard limits (IS: 4954). The increase will only be marginal in

comparison to the existing noise levels.

The estimated background noise levels in the villages near the drilling site varied

between 40 and 60 dB (A) and in commercial places and highways it varied from

55 to 60 dB (A). It is estimated that the general noise levels near the drill site will

vary from 45 to 80 dB (A). The impact of the noise on general population is

therefore expected to be insignificant. The impact network for Noise Environment

is given in Fig. 17.

Table 43: Noise Exposure Levels to Typical Drilling Rigs

Elect. Rig

(dBA)

Occupational Exposure

Leq (12 hrs) (on the derrick) 71

Leq (12 hrs) (within the premises) 60

Human Settlement Exposure

Leq (24 hrs) (villages 1 km away) 37

Ldn (village 1 km away) 39



7.8.3. Land Environment

The proposed drilling activity will lead to temporary and minor soil erosion and

loss of agricultural land. Table 44 presents analytical data of solid wastes,

essentially rock cuttings, generated from drilling activity. The impact network for

Land Environment is given in Fig. 19.

Table 44: Characteristics of typical Solid Wastes produced at typical Drill Site (Dry Weight Basis)

Drill Cuttings

Moisture (%) 2-10

pH 7.2

Loss on ignition 19.2

Total nitrogen (%) 0.05

Total phosphorus (%) 0.10

Manganese (mg/kg) 320.0

Copper (mg/kg) 90.0

Lead (mg/kg) 8.0

Nickel (mg/kg) 70.0

Zinc (mg/kg) 45.0

Iron (%) 1.52

7.8.4. Water Environment

No significant impacts on water quality are envisaged due to discharges of

wastewater if properly treated as the baseline status show low dissolved solids,

total hardness, chloride, sulphate, sodium, potassium and nutrients.

Groundwater quality around the drilling sites shows alkaline nature with a pH

range of 7.04 to 7.62. The chloride values are below the stipulated standards.

Phosphate and nitrate concentrations of groundwater are well within the

prescribed limits. The impact network for Water Environment is given in Fig. 18.

7.8.5. Biological Environment

Vegetation in the vicinity of the drilling sites will not get affected by proposed

drilling because of marginal change in ambient air quality. Re-establishment of

crops by natural means is expected to adequately mitigate the impact due to

emissions of pollutants.



7.8.6. Socio-economic Environment

The proposed development drilling of West Godavari and Godavari Onland PML

Blocksin KG Basin, Andhra Pradesh would create certain impacts with beneficial

as well as adverse effects on the socio economic environment. The Prediction of

Qualitative Impacts on Socio-economic Environment is described in Table-45

(Source: ONGC/NEERI/ Published data/report from various departments of AP

Govt.) While the expected change in the subjective and the average quality of life

after the implementation of EMP measures presented in Table-46 & 47

respectively. The impact network for Socio-economic Environment is given in Fig.

20.



Table 45: Prediction of Qualitative Impacts on Socio-Economic

Environment

Parameter Local Regional Direct Indirect Reversible Irreversible

Employment + + + +

Income + + +

Transport + + + + +

Education

Medical facilities

Communication + + + +

Sanitation - - -

Housing

Health - - -

Recreation

Agriculture - - -

Cost of living + + + +

Business + + + +

Per Capita Income

+ + + +

Pollution - - -

+: Positive Impact

- : Negative Impact

: Insignificant



Table 46: Expected Change in Subjective Quality of Life

Sr. No.

Villages QoL (s) QoL (s) After Implementation of EMP and Welfare Measure

1. Alamuru 0.46 0.48

2. Mandapeta 0.44 0.46

3. Kesavadasupalem 0.44 0.46

4. Antarvedi 0.47 0.49

5. Kesanapalli 0.45 0.47

6. Kammapalem 0.48 0.5

7. Vygreswaram 0.46 0.47

Average 0.46 0.48

Sr. No.

Villages QoL (s) QoL (s) After Implementation of EMP and Welfare Measure

1. Eleti Padu 0.45 0.47

2. Lakshmaneswaram 0.44 0.45

3. Pittala Vemavaram 0.42 0.46

4. Siddantham 0.43 0.45

5. Chinnamvaripalem 0.44 0.47

Average 0.44 0.46

Sr. No. Villages QoL (s) QoL (s) After Implementation of EMP and

Welfare Measure

1. Kaikaluru

0.45 0.48

2. Pedda Kamanapudi

0.46 0.47

3. Munjuluru

0.46 0.48

Average 0.46 0.48

QoL(s) = Subjective Quality of Life



Table 47: Expected Change in Average Quality of Life

Sr. No.

Villages QoL (a) QoL (a) After Implementation of EMP and Welfare Measure

1. Alamuru 0.46 0.48

2. Mandapeta 0.45 0.47

3. Kesavadasupalem 0.47 0.48

4. Antarvedi 0.46 0.48

5. Kesanapalli 0.47 0.5

6. Kammapalem 0.47 0.49

7. Vygreswaram 0.48 0.5

Average 0.47 0.49

Sr. No.


1. Eleti Padu 0.46 0.48

2. Lakshmaneswaram 0.45 0.47

3. Pittala Vemavaram 0.44 0.45

4. Siddantham 0.44 0.46

5. Chinnamvaripalem

0.45 0.47

Average 0.45 0.47

Sr. No.


1. Kaikaluru 0.47 0.48

2. Pedda Kamanapudi 0.46 0.49

3. Munjuluru 0.47 0.5

Average 0.47 0.49

QoL(a) = Average Quality of Life



It is necessary to identify the extent of these impacts for further planning of

control measures leading to mitigation of the adverse impacts. The impacts due

to proposed project on parameters of human interest socio-economic have been

assessed in term of: -

7.8.7. Positive Impacts

The Positive impacts identified from proposed project are described

below:

Increase in job opportunities during the construction as well as operational

phase for the qualified and skilled as well as unqualified and unskilled

people in the study area that may have distinctive impact on the socio-

economic development of the region

lfillment of the gas demand in the industrial sector of the region which will

ultimately improve the economy of the region

The construction of gas wells will be accompanied by the development of

roads

Quality of life will improve by proposed project through development of

infrastructure resources such as development of roads, water supply,

electricity etc.

The civil amenities like medical facilities, market, education, sports and

cultural activities are likely to improve in the study area

The gas exploited by drilling can be used as a domestic fuel

With the enhancement of infrastructure facilities, better employment

opportunities the overall quality of life of the people will be upgraded

Increase in the availability of fuel in the area

Many auxiliary and ancillary industries may develop due to the proposed

project activity

7.8.8. Negative Impacts

Occupational hazards in terms of injuries & accidents may occur during

movement of rig & drilling of the wells

Vehicle and drilling equipment can create noise pollution in construction

phase



Due to influx of population and pollution that may arise out of the proposed

project activity, undesirable problem on the social, economical and health

status of the people may rise in the region

During construction phase of proposed project there could be added

unavoidable pollution in the region if proper abatement measures are not

adopted

Change in the occupational patterns within the study area, as employment

will be provided only on short term basis.

7.9. Mitigation Measures

It is recommended that all equipment is operated within specified design

parameters during construction and operational phases

This can be achieved by minimizing the duration of testing through careful

planning and using high combustion efficiency, smokeless flare/ burners

It is recommended that while deploying major noise generating equipment

such as diesel generators etc

It will be checked that all mufflers are in good working order and that the

manufacturers have taken the normal measures for minimizing the noise

levels

Noise barriers/shields in the form of well berm will be provided around the

units wherever possible


workforce in noise prone areas

Wherever generator noise occurs in proximity to human settlements,

sound deadening barriers will be provided

The effluents (wastewater) generated during drilling operations are

recommended to be collected in lined waste pits to avoid groundwater

contamination

The additional manpower requirement for drilling activities will increase

employment opportunities for the local population, thus improving their

social status



Change in Air Quality

Impact on

Human Health

An Illustrative case of Typical Development Drilling

Drilling

Release of Air Pollutants

Deposition of Particulates

on Soil, Water and

Vegetation

Impact on Visibility

Activity

Primary

Impacts

Impact on Soil Quality Impact on Flora

& Fauna Impact on

Aesthetics

Impact on Economic Output Impact on Socio-Cultural Environment

Impact on

Agricultural Production

Secondary

Impacts

Tertiary

Impacts

Fig. 16: Impact Network for Air Environment



An Illustrative case of Typical Develpoment Drilling

Drilling Activity

Primary

Impacts

Secondary

Impacts

Tertiary

Impacts

Emission of Sound

Change in Ambient Noise Level

Health Risks Impact on Work Output

(Quantity and Quality)

Migration of

Population

Impact on Economic Output Impact on Socio-Cultural Environment

Fig. 17: Impact Network for Noise Environment



Release of

Wastewater

Change .in Surface

Morphology

Impact on Hydraulics of

Water course Environmental Health

and Aesthetic Risk

Impact on

Agricultural

Production

Impact on Runoff/Seepage

Drilling Activity

Primary

Impacts

Secondary

Impacts

Tertiary

Impacts

Abstraction of

Water

Impact on Water

Quality

Impact on

Aquatic Life

Cost of Water

Treatment Impact on

Amenity

Impact on Economic Output Impact on Socio-Cultural

Environment


Fig. 18: Impact Network for Water Environment



Impact on Agricultural

Production

Addition/Removal of

Substances or Heat

To/From the soil

Change in Structure

of Soil: Texture/

Permeability/Soil

Aeration

Change in Groundwater

Regime: Soil Moisture/

Water Level/Flow

Pattern/Salt Water intrusion

Impact on Flora and Fauna Impact on

Landscape

Disposal of Wastewater and Sludges on Land

Drilling Activity

Primary

Impacts

Secondary

Impacts

Tertiary

Impacts

Abstraction of Water Disturbance of Soil

Impact on Soil Biota

Impact on Livestock

Impact on Economic Output

Impact on Socio-

Cultural Environment


Fig. 19: Impact Network for Land Environment



Environmental

Pollution

Change in

Employment

Pattern

Demand for

Infrastructural

Facilities

Change in

Resource

Base

Environmental

Health and

Aesthetics

Drilling Activity

Primary

Impacts

Secondary

Impacts

Tertiary

Impacts

Deployment of

Work Force

Consumption of

Materials/Chemicals and

Energy

Product Output

Change in

Economy Trade

and Commerce

Change in

Income

Distribution

Change in Land

use Pattern

Impact on

Amenity/

Recreation

Impact on

Landscape

Change in Economic Base and Cultural Values


Fig. 20: Impact Network for Socio-economic Environment



Fig. 21: Comprehensive Impact Network

Workover

Operations

Drilling

Land Aquisition

Road

Site

Clearance

Site

Preparation

Diesel

Generators Waste

Pit

Well

Development

Effect on Fisheries and Salt Planning

Air pollution Noise Pollution Water Pollution Land Pollution

Air Quality Impairment

Increase in Temp and

Odour

Increase in Particulate

Matter

Increase in Noise Levels

Surface Water

Pollution

Ground Water

Pollution

Estuarine Water

Impairment

Aquatic Biota

Natural Vegetation

Leachate Effects

Soil Quality

Increase in Salinity

IMPACT ON AIR & NOISE ENIRONMENT

IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT

IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT

IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC

ENVIRONMENT

Health Effects

Economic

Benefits Increased

Employment Facilities

Exploratory Drilling in PG_ONN_2001/1 Block District) An Illustrative case of Typical Development Drilling



7.10 Project Post monitoring Program

Monitoring is one of the most important components of a management

system. The Continuous monitoring needs to be carried out for regulatory

requirements, environmental effects and performance of EMP implementation.

Development drilling is for short duration 3-4 months. During drilling waste water

quality, air quality monitoring and noise monitoring will be carried out.

Occupational Health Surveillance Program:

ONGC onshore operations are comes under Mine Act (Ministry of Labor)

and as per Mines Act every person employed in mine should go under

PME (Periodical Medical Examination) by approved medical doctor / Hospital at

fixed interval i.e.

Up to 45 yrs - Once in a 05 Yrs

46 to 55 yrs - 03 yrs &

> 55 yrs - 01 yr

As per plan 10 % employees are being medically examined every year

and records is being kept for future reference and track.

There are ONGC Panel hospitals / Laboratories / Doctors with necessary

medical facilities for PME like X-Rays, ECG, Sonography, PFT, Audiometery,

Eye / ENT Surgeon / Blood / urine test etc.

ONGC Rajahmundry Asset has its own dispensaries and empanelled

hospitals for employees and their family members for day to day

medical problems. Ambulance is available 24 hrs.

All the work centers have First Aid Box, Stretcher and 24 Hrs. Emergency

vehicles.

The main occupational health hazards may be noise at drilling rigs,

and necessary guidelines are available at sites.

Free medical camps (medical checkup / eye check up) are also organized by

ONGC in villages around the operational area, and accordingly patients are

treated and free medicines are given. If required free operations are also done by

ONGC.



8. Environmental Management Plan

The EIA for the proposed development drilling programme has identified a

number of impacts that are likely to arise during the site preparation, well testing

and demobilization. The EIA has examined biophysical and socio-economic

effects of the proposed activity from site clearance and preparation of the site

and testing through to abandonment, demobilization and restoration. On

evaluation of environmental impact it is observed that the real benefits of

proposed activity can result only if the risks of pollution are minimized. This can

be accomplished through implementation of adequate preventive and control

measures.

Where adverse impacts have been identified, the EIA has examined the extent to

which these impacts would be mitigated through the adoption of industry

standard practice and guidelines and following local legislative requirements.

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) describes both generic good

practice measures and site specific measures, the implementation of which is

aimed at mitigating potential impacts associated with the development drilling

activity.

The EMP provides a delivery mechanism to address potential adverse impacts,

to instruct contractors and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted

for all project work. The EMP can be developed into a standalone document

covering each stage of the development drilling activity.

For each stage of the activity, the EMP lists all the requirements to ensure

effective mitigation of every potential biophysical and socio-economic impact

identified in the EIA. For each impact, or operation, which could otherwise give

rise to impact, the following information is presented:

A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures.

The parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation

of the action.

The timing for implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of

mitigation are fully met.



The EMP comprises a series of components covering direct mitigation and

environmental monitoring, an outline waste management plan and restoration

plan.

ONGC is committed to the adoption of these measures and will carry out ongoing

inspection to ensure their implementation and effectiveness by its contractors.

The development drilling programme has been designed to avoid or minimize

impacts to the environment. Where residual impacts remain, which may have

moderate or significant impacts on the environment, mitigation measures have

been prescribed in this EIA, which will either reduce the impact to an acceptable

level or adequately offset it.

All the Drilling Rigs deployed for development drilling operations are duly

accredited as per ISO 14001:2004 standards and the effectiveness of the EMP

envisaged is duly audited periodically internally as well as by external certification

bodies.

Based on the impacts identified, a conceptual Environmental Management Plan

(EMP) is recommended as below:

General Recommendations

The present practices for mitigation of adverse impacts and technology options

that can be considered to reduce the risks of marine pollution due to routine or

accidental discharges of wastes are briefly described below.

8.1. Drilling Fluids

Mostly water based mud (WBM) is used as drilling fluid in development drilling to

maintain hydrostatic pressure control in the well and to lubricate the drill bit. The

following regulations are kept in view while preparing the EMPs.

Regulations

The chemical additives used in the drilling fluids (WBM) will be

biodegradable (mainly organic constituents) and will have toxicity of 96 hr

LC50 value > 30,000 mg/l as per mysid toxicity of test conducted on locally

available sensitive sea species.



Hexavalent chromium compound will not be used in drilling fluids.

Alternate chemicals in place of chrome lignosulfonate will be used in

drilling fluids. In case, chrome compound is used, the drilling fluids and

drill cuttings will not be disposed into neither canals nor open sea (for

offshore wells).

WBM will be recycled to a maximum extent

Drill Cuttings

Drill Cuttings (DC) originating from on-shore will be separated from Water

Base Mud (WBM) will be properly washed and unusable drilling fluids (DF)

may be disposed off in a well-designed lined pit with impervious liner. The

disposal pit will be provided with a leachate collection system.

Design aspects of the impervious waste disposal pit; capping of disposal

pit will be informed by the oil industry to State Pollution Control Board

(SPCB) at the time of obtaining consent.

In case of any problem due to geological formation for drilling, low toxicity

OBM having aromatic content < 1% will be used. If the operators intend to

use such OBM to mitigate specific hole problem/ SBM it will be intimated

to Ministry of Environment and Forests/State Pollution Control Board.

The waste pit after it is filled up shall be covered with impervious liner,

over which, a thick layer of native soil with proper top slope is provided.

Drilling wastewater including DC wash water will be collected in the

disposal pit evaporated or treated and will comply with the notified

standards for on-shore disposal.

Total material acquired for preparation of drill site will be restored after

completion of drilling operation leaving no waste material at site. APPCB

will be informed about the restoration work.


All equipment will be operated within specified design parameters during

construction, drilling and operational phases. Well testing (flaring) will be

undertaken so as to minimize impacts of emissions. This can be achieved by

minimizing the duration of testing through careful planning.



Drilling activities are temporary and last for few months only and do not cause

any significant impact on the environment.


It is recommended that while procuring major noise generating equipment such

as diesel generators etc. it will be checked that all mufflers are in good working

order and that the manufacturers have taken the normal measures for minimizing

the noise levels.


workforce in noise prone areas. Enclosures around noise sources may be

provided depending on the size of the unit.

8.4. Land Environment

Soils in the region have moderate infiltration rates amenable to groundwater

pollution. Considering this fact and poor ground water quality, every precaution

would be taken to avoid spillages of chemicals on soils to avoid further

deterioration of groundwater quality and danger to soil microbial populations in

soils which are sensitive to hydrocarbon. Treated solid wastes, which have to be

disposed on land, will be made on adequately prepared waste pits.

The earth cuttings (approx 212 m3) generated at drill site will be mostly inorganic

in nature and shall be used for land filling and road making.


Wastewater generated during drilling operations would be around 10-15 m3/d.

Wastewater characteristics would be of varied nature and likely to contain soil

particulate matter along with organics. The treatment scheme comprises of

treating the raw effluent with chemicals such as Alum and Lime to facilitate

desired coagulation and flocculation. Adequate settling time is ensured for the

removal of the separated solid material. The treated waste water shall be reused

during drilling operations. Garland drains are made to collect all waste water into

the waste pit and drill site construction is such that storm water is not allowed to

mix.

The mobile ETP is a single trailer mounted fully mobile facility designed in such a

way that dismantling, transportation from one location to another and



commissioning time should not exceed ten days. The plant shall not occupy area

more than 6m x 9m for its installation. The plant is designed to process the drill

site effluent, so as to deliver minimum 30 m3/day of treated water having the

desired characteristics of treated effluent as per the standards laid down by the

APPCB.

The plant has a storage tank of 10 m3 capacity for initial storage of treated water

prior to its discharge/ delivery. The plant has the arrangement and capacity to

draw raw effluent 150 ft. away from the plant from waste pit. The pump has one

discharge pump of adequate capacity to pump treated water to water storage

tank/mud tanks for mud preparation which are approximately 150 ft away from

the plant.



Fig 22: Typical Drill Site Layout




In order to avoid adverse environmental impacts the discharge of the gaseous,

liquid and particulate waste into the atmosphere will be minimized.

Destruction of natural habitat of animals will be very insignificant. Nesting, mating

and other wildlife behavioral patterns will not be disrupted or destroyed. The

removal of native vegetation has profound effects upon the natural environment

and animal life. Rich and diverse vegetation in the study area will be maintained.

Attention may be given on publication of zoological articles, guides, books and

monographs indicating importance of local and regional plant and animal life.

Individuals who are local authorities are important resources and will not be

overlooked.

Water runoff, erosion and siltation will be minimum, because these may

have chronic impacts to the biota of the area.

Special care will be taken to protect endangered and localized animals.

Whenever necessary, wildlife habitat will be re-established or restored.

The concept of sustainable development will be accepted. This concept, if

accepted widely, would seem to be the only conceivable way by which negative

developmental impacts can be curtailed.

8.7. Socio-economic Environment

In order to mitigate the adverse impacts on social and economic aspects, due to

the project, it is necessary to formulate certain EMP measures for the smooth

functioning and commissioning of the project. The suggested measures are given

below:

Preference shall be given for employment of the local people during

construction phase which will secure the economical life of the

unemployed population on temporary basis.

Communication with the local community will be institutionalized & done

on regular basis by the project authorities to provide as opportunity for

mutual discussion.

Create various awareness campaigns in the community, specially related

to basic health, hygiene and sanitation.



Vocational training programmes will be organized for the local people that

may develop their capacity and skills and will be helpful for them in getting

more employment opportunities.

Protection of persons against dust emissions during construction and

transportation activities.

Welfare activities such as organizing medical check-up camps and

extending facilities to local population will be undertaken.

Welfare measures may be decided and planned according to the priority

and need of the community during development phase.

Environmental Awareness programmes will be organized to bring forth the

environmental management measures being undertaken & the beneficial

aspects of the proposed project for improving their quality of life.

8.8. Waste Management Plan

The waste management plan (WMP) covers disposal of all wastes with further

reference to offsite disposal of those wastes, which cannot be dealt with onsite.

The objectives of the WMP are:

To provide the necessary guidance for the reduction and management of

wastes generated on drilling site.

To comply with all current Indian environmental regulations.

To meet industry standards on waste management and control.

To prevent occurrence of any environmental degradation within the locality

due to waste handling.

8.8.1. Disposal Options

The following disposal options will be available on site. However, it will be

necessary to evaluate the suitability of various waste specific technologies for the

site and select an option that will cause minimum environmental impact on the

surrounding:

Landfill: Non-hazardous inert drill cuttings and waste residual mud shall be

disposed off by spreading, drying and covering as per Landfill guidelines

(Waste mud and drill cuttings disposal plan).



Offsite Disposal: Wastes which cannot be handled at the drilling site will

be removed to a designated offsite and suitably disposed for

reuse/recycling etc.

Produced Hydrocarbon Flaring: Only gas produced during well testing will

be flared via a conventional burner system during initial testing. After

testing, produced HC is transported to GGS/GCS. No flaring of oil will be

done at drill-site.

Sewage Disposal: A sewage disposal system will be established in the

campsite during the drilling operation. Being a temporary activity the

sewage will be diverted to septic tank or soak pit.

The treated liquid waste will be used, where possible, for agriculture

purposes.

8.8.2. Waste Reduction, Reuse & Recycle

Waste reduction effort will concentrate on reuse, recycling, minimization of

packaging material, reduction in size of waste material and finally reduction of

time spent on location via optimization of drilling efforts.

Plastic containers, especially those used for fluid and cementing chemicals, are

prime targets for use as water containers. As some of these may contain

substances, which can be harmful to humans, care will be taken to ensure that

they are not removed from the drilling site intact. In general, after emptying

chemical containers, which did not contain any substances, container will be

punctured and eventually compacted and sent for disposal.

The drilling site will not have facilities for rinsing chemical drums containers.

These containers will be fully emptied, labeled with contents and removed offsite

for further handling and disposal.

Used medical wastes, inclusive of but not limited to bandage material, syringes

etc., will be collected in a special collection drum to minimize manual handling.

Contents of the drum will be labeled as biomedical waste and shipped offsite for

treatment/ disposal.



Waste oil and lubricants generated in the drilling process will be sent to

authorized recyclers. All spent lead acid batteries will be sent for recycling to

authorized waste contractors.

All waste storage area within the site will have proper bunds to prevent

any escape of contaminated runoff. It shall be ensured that any runoff

from such temporary storage area will channelized into the waste-water pit,

adequately treated and discharged in compliance with the regulatory

requirements.

8.8.3. Waste Mud & Drill Cuttings Disposal Plan

The section details recommendations and proposals for isolations, containment

and disposal of drilling mud and drill solids from the drilling program. The strategy

recommended provides for maximum protection of the environment from any

potential adverse impact of the drilling fluid and cuttings

Waste Generation at Drill Site

Drill Mud

It is estimated that approximately 700 m3 of drilling fluid will be formulated during

the course of one development well (for a well of approx. 3500-4000 m) of the

type to be drilled. During fluid or mud is basically a mixture of water, clay

polymers and weighting material with all individual components being

environmentally friendly. The mud system, being a closed loop, the mud is re-

circulated and mainly retained in the well. A small quantity of residual unusable

portions of mud retained in the mud tanks is disposed of at the end of drilling

operations. The mud being inert material of bentonite and barite is filled in lined

pits and dried. The dried mud is covered with excavated earth and native top soil.

Drill Cuttings

It is expected that approximately 212 m3 of drill cuttings will be generated during

the drilling of a well. Considering a specific gravity of the cuttings as the total

weight will be 400 MT. It is planned to deposit the cuttings generated in the waste

pit where they will be allowed to dry and finally they will be covered with topsoil.



8.9. Environment Protection and Reclamation Plan

Construction activities will be coordinated in consultation with landowners

to reduce interference with agricultural activities.

Top soil will be stripped to color change or to plough depth and will be

stored on the site. The depth of stripping will be on the basis of site

specific soil survey.

If required for rig stabilization the well site will be temporarily padded with

granular fill.

The drill site would be provided with sufficient sanitary facilities.

Combustible wastes generated would be burnt in a controlled manner or

disposed off in an approved dump site/

Hazardous materials such as petroleum, spirit, diesel lubrication oil and

paint materials required at the site during construction activities would be

stored as per safety norms. To ensure that the local inhabitants are not

exposed to the hazards of construction the site would be secured with

manned entry posts.

It would be ensured that both gasoline and diesel powered construction

vehicles are properly maintained. The vehicle maintenance area would be

so located that the contamination of surface/soil/water by accidental

spillage of oil/diesel will not take place and dumping of waste oil will be

strictly prohibited.

All irrigation canals and ditches encountered by the proposed well site

access and well site will be maintained in a fully functional state.

No Construction material debris will be left on site.

8.10. Plans for Well Site Operation and or Abandonment

The site will be fenced in the event the well is successful. The well site

will be reduced to approximately 30 m x 30 m for the production phase

and all non-essential areas will be fully reclaimed.

If the well becomes operational the site will be monitored and kept in a

weed free state. Weed control will be achieved through either mechanical



control or strategic and responsible application of an appropriate

herbicide.

In the event the well is unsuccessful the well bore will be cement plugged.

Any contaminated soils (e.g. by accidental spills of fuel, lubricants,

hydraulic fluids, saline produced water) will be treated on site or if

necessary, be removed from the site to an appropriate landfill for further

bioremediation.

During site reclamation subsoil compaction will be relieved by scarifying,

all topsoil will be evenly replaced.

On abandonment newly constructed access will be fully reclaimed unless

specifically requested to do otherwise by the landowner.

Any irrigation ditches diverted to accommodate a well site will be realigned

to their pre-well site configuration in consultation with the landowner.

8.11. Drilling Program Safety Guidelines

All API, Indian Petroleum Act and Indian Mines Act shall be strictly adhered to.

Drilling Contractor‟s safety guidelines shall be strictly adhered to as well as all

Personnel Safety Guidelines.

The well site supervisor shall carry out regular safety checks. All crew members

would be reminded frequently of working in a safe manner. If unsafe equipment

or procedures are observed, operations would cease immediately and the hazard

duly corrected.

The well site supervisor would ensure that the Driller and above will have a valid

“Well Control Certification”. Driller and above would have sound knowledge of the

API specification relevant to Well Control Practices (API RP53 and those

prescribed in it) and practice the same in all aspects of the job.

Table 48: Classification of Wastes generated during proposed drilling and

their disposal options

Type of Waste Disposal Options

Plastic Recycling

Inert waste, such as glass, metal, construction materials

Recycling

Black water Treatment in packaged sewage treatment system



and discharge to soak pit

Liquid wastes (e.g. paints, solvents, chemicals)

Labeled, sealed in containers and disposed off-site for further handling/disposal. Care to be taken that non-compatible liquids are not mixed

Mud or cement chemicals Transported to next site

Batteries Labeled, containerized and sent off-site for further handling/disposal

Used medical wastes Collected, labeled as biomedical waste, and sent off-site for disposal. Review possibility of safe incineration for readily combustible items

Spent oil spill containment material, absorbent etc.

Compacted, sealed, labeled and shipped off-site for treatment/disposal

Spent oil Note that oil from engine oil changes may be designed as „hazardous‟ based on quantity will be sent back to base for disposal

Produced hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons will be transported to nearest GGS/GCS. No flaring of oil will be done at site.

Drill Cuttings Solidification and burial in dedicated pit on-site (Waste mud and cuttings disposal plan)

Drilling fluids Left for evaporation in lined pits.

8.11.1. General

Low toxicity Water-based mud system having 96 h LC50 30000

mg/l.

Water-based mud will be recycled and reused to minimize

discharges.

Drill cuttings will be thoroughly washed and separated from the

mud and discharged intermittently.

Chemical additives employed in all types of mud will have 96 h

mysid toxicity LC50 30000 mg/l.

No oil wastes will be dumped in the sea. Oil soaked wastes will be

incinerated in the rig.

All diesel engines will be maintained well to minimize emissions.

Barites used in mud systems will have low Cd (<3 mg/kg) and Hg

(<1 mg/kg) content,



Sewage will be treated before discharge and will have /mg/l

residual Chlorine.

No fishing will be allowed within 200m of the drill site.

Air environment

All equipment will be maintained at optimum operating condition.

Exhausts from DG sets will be controlled by adopting the CPCB

standards.

Dry and dusty powders will be stored in sealed containers.

Gas flaring will be restricted to the shortest possible testing phase.

Noise Environment

Operating crew will be protected from high noise areas using

suitable ear-muffles.

Noise attenuation in the form of barriers and enclosures will be

provided.

In conclusion, it is imperative that ONGC as a premier oil producer of the nation

voluntarily accepts the responsibility of ensuring the protection of the

environment around its operational areas so as to ensure the sustainable

development of the area. Further, ONGC shall adopt best available technology to

reduce the impact on environment due to oil exploitation activities.



9. Risk Assessment, Emergency & Disaster Management Plan

9.1 Introduction

Risk arises out of hazards and hazard is potential condition waiting to be

converted into an unwanted event i.e. accident. Thus risk assessment is

concerned with identification of hazards associated in drilling operations along

with the aim of reducing, controlling and eliminating hazards from the operations.

Once the hazards are identified, safeguards can be recommended, which can

either prevent an event from occurring or reduce the consequences, if at all the

event occurs.

Standard Management System Terminology

OHSAS 18001 is an Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series for

health and safety management systems, it prescribes requirements for an

Occupational Health & safety (OH&S) Management system to enable the

organization to formulate a policy and objectives, taking into account legislative

requirements and information about significant hazards and risks, which the

organization can control and over which it can be expected to have an influence,

to protect its employees and others, whose health and safety may be affected by

the activities of the organization.

The OH&S management systems are useful to:

• minimize risk to employees and others

• improve business performance

• assist organizations to establish a responsible image

9.2 Risk Assessment Methodology

The basic steps adopted for risk assessments are mentioned below:-

• Classifying the work activities into different sub-activities.

• Identifying all hazards relating to each work activity / process. Consider

which might be harmed and how.



• Making a subjective estimate of risk associated with each hazard

assuming that planned or existing control are in place.

• Rating the risk.

• Preparing a plan to deal with the issues found by the assessment.

• Reviewing adequacy of action plan.

Each activity or process will have a number of hazards associated with them.

Fig.23 Hazard Identification: Black Box Approach

Once hazard associated with drilling activities were identified, the level impact

has been assessed based on subjective criteria. For doing this three key element

have been into consideration based on risk assessment methodology.

• Consequence: Nature of the harm, part(s) of the body likely to be affected

• Probability of occurrence (likelihood): the likelihood that an impact due to

the project activity / aspect will occur.

• Legal: aid legislative compliance

The consequences on various risks have been ranked into 4 levels ranging from

incidental, minor, major and fatality. Subsequently, to assign a level of



consequence to each risk, criteria were defined for environmental consequences.

Legal issues have been taken into account in the criteria sets and in many

instances have been given high weightage to make an impact significant.

Additionally, the results of quantitative impact prediction exercise, wherever

undertaken, have also been fed into the process. The consequence ranking and

criteria‟s are presented in Table 49

Table 49: Consequence Factor

Consequence

Category Ranking

Criteria Definition

FATALITY 4 Fatality

MAJOR 3 1. Permanent loss of body part 2. Permanent disability 3. Loss of property >Rs. 5 lakhs 4. Shut down of plant / facility 5. Blow out / explosion 6. Loss of more than 500 man-hours 7. Fire of more than 15 minutes duration 8. Failure of rig critical equipment like

draw works, casing line etc. 9. Serious ill health resulting in loss of

more than 500 man-hrs.

MINOR 2 1. Any accident not falling under any of the categories of major incident.

2. Minor ill health

INCIDENTAL 1 Near-miss

Predictions based on observation of previous similar activities have been used in

the risk assessment process. It has tried possible to assess all risks associated

with the activities and it will be further included as and when identified new

hazards.

To assign probability of occurrence to each activity, four criteria were ranked and

defined. The criteria for probability of occurrence are shown in Table 50



Table 50: Probability of Occurrence (Likelihood)

Likelihood Category Ranking Criteria Definition

FREQUENT 4 Incident is likely to occur at this facility within the next 3 months.

OCCASIONAL 3 Incident is likely to occur at this facility within the next 6 months.

SELDOM 2 Incident is likely to occur at this facility within the next 1 year.

UNLIKELY 1 Given current practices and procedures, incidents are likely to occur at this facility within the next 5 years.

Legislative compliance is considered to identify a risk and is shown in Table 51

Table 51: Legislation

Under legislation Not under legislation

10 1

The evaluation of risk has been expressed as the product of the consequence,

probability of occurrence and legislation of the risk, and is given below as follows:

Evaluation of Risk = Consequence X probability of occurrence X legislation

The Table-52 below shows risk assessment criteria in the scale of 01-160 and

will be used for delineation of preventive actions, if any, and management plans

for mitigation of the risk.

Table 52: Risk Assessment Criteria

RANKING (CONSEQUENCE X PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE X LEGISLATION)

SIGNIFICANCE

90-160 EXTERME RISK – must implement additional

60-80 HIGH RISK – may require additional control

30-40 MODERATE RISK – existing controls are sufficient

01-20 LOW RISK

9.3 Risk Assessment

This section discusses the risks of the project activities on the human that get

affected by the project. The rankings for consequence, probability of occurrence



and legislation on criteria set earlier and the resulting risk has been recorded

below for each set of risk and the same has been represented in the matrix and

documented in Table 53.

9.3.1 Risk Associated with Design & Planning

If site is selected on natural drainage it will create water logging and germs,

mosquito etc will develop that will further spread malaria, chikun-gonia etc to

nearby communities. Selection and procurement of improper machinery and

equipment may create noise, emission etc that will disturb the habitants.

Mitigation Measures:

• Data will be analyzed properly for proper site selection.

• Machinery and equipment that comply with national standard and statutory

regulation will be selected for procurement.

9.3.2 Risk Associated with Approach Road

Dust, smoke, emission, noise will be generated during road and may disturb

surrounding communities by allergic diseases. There may be possibility of road

accident during transportation of material. Free movement of children and animal

will disturb due to new vehicular traffic.

Mitigation Measures:

• Adequate measure will be taken to avoid accident

• Watering will be done to reduce dust

• Machinery and equipment that will be used will comply with statutory

regulations.

• Provide safety equipment for worker and create safety awareness among

villagers.

9.3.3 Risk Associated with Drilling & Testing

Drilling activities will affect the surrounding noise, air quality and consequently

receptors residing in the villages are likely to be significant, if not properly

managed. Uncontrolled flow from well bore or leakage from fuel storage may

create fire, explosion exposing surrounding communities to serious danger.

Mitigation Measure

• Adopting Safe operating practices



• Proper maintenance of equipment

• Providing safety equipment

• Job specific training to employees

9.3.4 Risk Associated with Rig Transportation and Building/ Dismantling

During these processes, there may be road accident, electrocution due to large

machinery comes in contact with overhead lines, human, animal etc being struck

by crane, trailer, truck etc. Sometimes object may be fall from truck / trailer due to

overload or improper handling. Loaded vehicle may topple due to wet soil or

moving on un-compacted soil. Risks associated with these accidents are mainly

physical injury, loss of life, damage of equipment.

Mitigation Measures

• Adopting safe operating practice

• Create awareness among workers involved in the operation.

• Use appropriate vehicle for transporting machinery.

Table 53: Risk Assessment Matrix Drilling

S.l Activity Sub-Activity Risk Consequence A

Probability B

Legality C

Risk Level with existing control A*B*C

A DESIGN & PLANNING STAGE A.1

Physical Presence of well site and associated Infrastructure

Site selection/Physical presence/ Land on Lease

Illness from Diseases

1 1 1 1

A.2

Procurement of machinery and equipment

Procurement of Machinery/Equipment

Illness from disturbance

2 4 1 8

A.3

Natural Hazards (Flood/Earthquake)

Natural Hazards (Flood/Earthquake)

3 1 1 3

B APPROACH ROAD



B.1

Road Exploratory &Cross Drainage works

Operation of Machineries


2 4 1 8

Transport of Material/Spoil/ Machinery

Injury/fatality from road accident

4 1 10 40

B.2

Land filling including padding

Operation of machineries


2 4 1 8

Transport of Materials


4 1 10 40

Construction of Site


2 4 1 8

B.3

Transport of Material, Spoil & Machinery

Transport of Material / Spoil / Machinery


4 1 10 40

C DRILLING & TESTING ACTIVITY C.1

Operation & Maintenance of rig and associated machinery

Power/Energy generation & consumption


2 4 1 8

C.2

Testing & Flaring of Natural Gas

Testing / Flaring of Natural Gas


2 4 1 8

C.3

Workforce accommodation & sanitation

Discharge of domestic waste water

Illness from diseases

1 1 1 1

Storage / disposal domestic food waste


1 1 1 1

C.4

Discharge of process waste water

Discharge of process waste water


1 1 1 1

C.5

Sourcing & Transportation work force, Material (Equipment, chemical, fuel, water)

Sourcing / Transportation on work force / Material

Injury fatality from road accident

4 1 10 40

C.6

Technical Emergencies

Accidental release of gas / liquid hydrocarbon

Injury / fatality from fire explosion

3 3 10 90

D DECOMMISSIONING / CLOSURE D.1

Transportation of drilling facilities

Transportation of drilling facilities

Injury fatality from road accident

4 1 10 40



D.2

Reclamation of land

Transport of spoil/debris

Ijury fatality from road accident

4 1 10 40

9.4 Disaster Management Plan

In view of the hazardous nature of products / process handled by the ONGC,

Disaster Management Plans (DMPs) has been prepared. These plans are based

on various probable scenarios like Well Blow Out, Fire, Explosion, Natural

Calamities etc. The consequence arising out of such incidents are accurately

predicted with the help of latest technique available by various Risk Analysis

Studies. To minimize the extent of damage consequent to any disaster and

restoration of normalcy is the main purpose of DMP. There are on site

Emergency Plans that deal with handling of the emergency within boundary of

the plants mainly with the help of industry‟s own resources. Also when the

damage extends to the neighboring areas, affecting local population beyond

boundaries of plant, Off-site Emergency plans is put into action in which quick

response and services of many agencies are involved e.g. Government, Fire

Services, Civil defence, Medical, Police, Army, Voluntary organizations etc.

9.4.1 Objective of Disaster Management Plan

The following are the main objective of Disaster Management Plan:

1. Safeguarding lives both at installations and in neighborhood.

2. Containing the incident & bringing it under control.

3. Minimizing damage to property & environment.

4. Resuscitation & treatment of causalities.

5. Evacuating people to safe area.

6. Identifying persons and to extend necessary welfare assistance to

causalities.

7. Finally when situation is controlled, efforts are to be made to return to

normal or near normal conditions.

9.4.2 Disaster Management Plan: Key Elements

Following are the key elements of any DMP:

Basis of the plan

Accident prevention procedures / measures

• Accident/ emergency response planning procedures



• Recovery procedure

A broad outline of responsibilities and duties of different team members

concerning the emergency management plan are given in following figure



Fig 24: Organogram for On-site Emergency



Fig 25: Organogram for Off-Site Emergency



9.4.3 Type of Anticipated Hazards

The following are the major disasters likely to be happened during the

drilling/production activity:

1) Well Blowout

2) Fire / Explosion

3) Gas Leakage (H2S, Natural Gas etc.)

4) Oil Spills

9.4.3.1 Well Blow Out Blow-out (uncontrolled gushing of oil & gas) is the worst situation, which may

arise at oil wells during drilling, work-over operations, perforation, and reservoir

studies at active wells etc. or due to some unforeseen reasons.

A blow out, though rare, is the worst accident that can occur in a drilling

operation that is often accompanied by fire and explosion exposing workers to

serious danger to their lives, burns and poisoning. To understand the failure

modes resulting to formation of kick and subsequent blow outs we have to

understand the safety systems installed for blow out prevention.

Prevention of blow outs rests primarily on control of any kick in the well bore. A

kick means entry of formation fluids into well bore in large enough quantity to

require shutting in the well under pressure. Once a kick is detected, steps can be

taken to control entry of formation fluids into the well bore by over balancing the

expected bottom hole pressure with properly conditioned mud and operation of

safety valves i.e. BOP, whereby the space between the drill pipes and the

casings can be closed and well itself shut off completely. Several instruments are

provided on a drilling rig for detection of kicks.

a) Instrumentation in Mud System

Continuous monitoring of condition of mud in the well provides information useful

for well control. The following instruments and equipments are used in the drilling

mud system for this purpose:

• A pit level indicator registering increase or decrease in drilling mud

volume. It is connected with an audio-visual alarm near the drillers control

panel.



• A trip with float-marking device to accurately measure the volume of mud

going in to the well. This is useful to keep the well feed with required

quantity of mud at all times.

• A gas detector or explosi meter installed at the primary shale shaker

together with an audio-visual alarm at the drillers control panel to indicate

the well presence of gas-cut mud in the well.

• The kick in the well is prevented by keeping the hydrostatic head of the

drilling fluid greater than the formation pressure. The primary control can

be lost in the following situations:

• While tripping, if the well is not kept full with the required volume of mud.

• If there is reduction in hydrostatic pressure in the well due to swabbing,

which may be caused if the drilling string is pulled out too fast or by a

balled-up or clogged bit, which is indicated by insufficient filling of mud.

• If there is loss of circulation, which may be caused either due to running in

too fast, thereby, causing the weak horizons of the well to break or while

drilling through a formation with cracks or cavity.

b) BOP Stack

In a well, after the surface casing blow-out prevention

(BOP) equipment is installed and maintained before

resuming drilling Annular preventer for closing the

well regardless of size / shape of the drill string in the

hole or no string in the hole.

• The spool is double ram preventer, blind ram

for closing against open hole as well as pipe

ram for closing against drill pipes.

• Drilling spool located below the double ram

preventer provided with choke and kill lines

which are connected to the choke and kill

manifold. A non-return valve is provided in the kill line.

Fig 26: BOP Stack



Table 54: Standard Operating Practices for Blowout

Sl.No. Action Details of action Action to be

taken by

1 Declaration of well „Out of control‟

If the I/C of the operation of the Rig feels the well is out of control and could not be brought under control through normal procedure, emergency should be declared.

DIC of the Rig

2 Switch-off the Power Immediately after the Blowout is declared, switch off the Main power system, which can cause the ignition.

DIC of the Rig

3 Ensure personal safety Call all personnel from the Rig floor area. Ensure whether all the persons reported or not. If anybody is entrapped try to rescue.

DIC of the Rig

4 First Aid If anybody is injured, carry out the first aid and send him to the nearest hospital

DIC of the Rig

5 Communication to control rook Report the Emergency to Base Control Room.

DIC of the Rig

6 Communication to senior officers Base control room has to communicate the Emergency to all the key personnel.

Base control room

7 Activation of SOP Based on the information received and also after visiting the site, seeing the gravity of situation,

Asset Manager



SOP for dealing the emergency has to be activated.

8 Make water supply arrangements Make arrangement to connect water line / spray water on the wellhead, if the well not on fire.

I/C Fire Services

9 Relief Camps People are to be evacuated from the premises of 1000 meters. If there is release of Toxic gas like H2S, relief camps are to be organized with all facility for the evacuated people till be well is controlled.

Head HR

10 Crude Oil Containment Make trenches to collect the crude and subsequently transport to nearest GGS.

Asset CMT Head

11 Remove the Rig equipment Remove all the unwanted equipment around the wellhead to protect them from the danger of fire and also to create access to the wellhead.

Head RCMT of the Area

12 Establish Communication center at site

In-built communication room has to be mobilized and made operational

Head RCMT of the Area

13 Manning of communication center

Personnel should be deployed on round the clock basis to the communication centre at the problem site

Head infocom

14 Establish Base control room Establish communication control room in the

Concerned services Head



base with the all type of communication facilities. Control room should work on round the clock basis.

15 Establish First Aid centre First aid centre& medical support has to be established.

Head Medical Services

16 Care of casualties Nearest hospital / Care centre should be alerted for receiving the emergency cases.

Head medical Services

17 Cordoning of area Boundary has to be fixed all around the problem area and has to be declared as restricted area.

Head Security

18 Mobilize the Blowout Blow-out control equipment as directed by RCMT should be mobilized.

LM(Logistics)

19 Control equipment from RCMT location

Transport equipment for the mobilization of personnel, equipment, removal of debris etc., are to be provided as desired by Head-RCMT

LM(Logistics)

20 Accommodation/Food/Beverages Accommodation for all CMT Experts at nearest possible location.

Head HR

21 Action plan for controlling blowout

Based on the condition of the well on the surface and Sub-surface & the available data, workout step-by-step detailed action plan with bar charts.

Head CMT Operations

22 Insurance related matters Reporting of incident to the underwriters, also

Re. of Finance



supplementation of required data to them communication of other decision / advise etc., to Head CMT-Ops, claims, pursue of claims.

23 Construct leveled Surface A leveled surface with required hardening has to be provided at a place required by Head RCMT to place the officer/rest/store room etc.

LM(Works)

24 Pumping arrangements and fill water

Dig pits as suggested by head RCMT, Lay the pipeline, and arrange pumps to pump the water from the main source to water pits.

LM(Works)

25 Install Fire Pump Install fire pumps, Monitors at required places and test them on load.

Head-RCMT

26 Pin point the equipment./expertise / special services which is not available with RCMT

As per the action plan identify the equipment, workout expertise and services required for each operation also.

Head CMT operations

27 Directional drilling Find out Directional drilling services as desired by Head CMT. Operations could be provided by local team or not.

Head Drilling Services

28 Snubbing services Find out if snubbing unit can carry out snubbing services required or not.

Head CMT Operations

29 Safety during operations Safety of the personnel, equipment etc. is to

Head CMT Operations



be taken care with out compromise during control operations.

30 Monitoring of the plan Action plan has to be monitored on day-today basis; constraints if any.

Corporate communication

31 Press Briefing Every day or once in three days press briefing are to be organized in consultation with Head CMT operations, Asset Manager.

Asset Manager/CC

32 VIP Visits VIP Visits should be planned in such a way that control operation should not be hampered and also safety of the VIPs should be taken seriously.

Asset Manager

33 Review meeting Review meeting with regard to progress, constraints if at all should be organized every two days. All the responsible persons noted above should attend the meeting.

Asset Manager

9.4.3.2 Fire Fire is one of the major hazards, which can result from storage tanks. Fire

prevention and code enforcement is one of the major areas of responsibility for

the fire service. Hence the facility should be equipped with:

• Fire hydrant and monitor nozzle installation

• Water supply

• Foam system

• Water fog and sprinkler system of Mobile Firefighting equipment or First

aid appliances



• Proper dyke area should be provided for the storage of chemicals. In the

event of a fire, the fire in the dyke area should be addressed first so as to

minimize the heat input to the tank

• A wind direction pointer should also be installed at storage site, so that in

an emergency the wind direction can be directly seen and downwind

population cautioned.

• Shut off and isolation valves should be easily approachable in

emergencies

• Hydrocarbon detectors to be installed at strategic locations near the units

and pipelines handling hydrocarbons at higher temperatures and

pressures to assess any leak

• Storage areas must be adequately separate from buildings process areas

and other dangerous substances

• These measures should be backed up by relief systems such that the

combination of vessel design, protection, quality control and relief

eliminates the possibility of complete vessel failure

Action Plan for Fire Fighting

General:

As soon as fire is noticed, shout “FIRE” “FIRE” “FIRE” or “AAG” “AAG” “AAG”.

Try to eliminate the fire by using proper portable fire extinguishers.

Installation Manager:

He should ensure regularly the working status of fire equipments / its

maintenance through fire section and see that they are kept in their respective

places as per the need. As soon as, the fire accident is reported, rush to site and

take charge of the situation. Inform Mines Manger besides Area Manager as well

Fire Manager.

Shift In-charge:

If situation demands sound “Hooter”; call on the nearest Fire Services and

Hospital attending doctor. Inform Installation Manager / Field Manager / Surface



Area Manager. Give instructions to the assembled staff and get the best out of

them.

Drilling Officials:

Remove other inflammable materials to the safer distance. Remove important

documents to a safer place. The first aid trained persons should be ready to give

first aid to the injured persons and move them to the hospital if required. Get well

acquainted with the location of the wells.

Electrical Officials:

No naked flame should be allowed. Generator should be stopped. Electrical lines

are required to be de-energized. See that uninterrupted supply of water from tube

well to the fire services.

Mechanical Officials:

Get the instruction from the Shift In-charge to act accordingly to stop the

equipments and ready to carry out repair jobs if required like pump problems of

fire services etc. Help production officials in removing inflammable materials.

Transport Officials:

Get vehicles parked at a safer distance. See that approach road is clear for fire

services vehicle to the approach the accident site.

Security at Gate:

To prevent unauthorized entry of persons / vehicles inside the area of

responsibility and also to ensure no abnormal activity by unauthorized persons is

allowed.

Fire Officials:

On arrival they fight fire with the assistance of site staff in extinguishing the fire. If

the situation still proves to be beyond control, then the help from the nearest

agencies could be taken.

Fire Control Room:



A fire control room will be set up for smooth functioning of fire fighting/ rescue

operations at the site of incident. Manager (F.S)/ one fire officer or senior most

person of fire section will be I/C of that control room. Mean while one Fire officer

will take charge of Control Room of Central Fire Station to assist/ back support

for required fire equipments / man power. Incharge control room of Central fire

Station will be responsible for arranging of man power and equipments if required

at site.

Area Manager: (In Case of Major Fire)

• Pre-identified source of additional water to be used for uninterrupted

supply of water.

• If situation demands, pits be dug to store sufficient water, pipeline be laid

to carry water from the sources to water pits.

• Maintenance party to remain to attend any problem. Besides special

maintenance team is immediately sought from the workshop.

• Arrangements to provide flameproof lights at a safer distance.

• Arrangements to provide mud and chemicals necessary to control

situation.

• Arrangements for food, water, temporary rest rooms or tents for the

officials on the round the clock duty at site.

• To keep ready fleet of jeeps, tractors, crane to meet demand.

9.4.3.3 Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and Natural Gas Leakage Hydrogen sulfide is a colourless, flammable, extremely hazardous gas with

“Rotten egg” smell.

9.4.3.3.1 Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide gas to Health:

Low concentrations irritate the eyes, nose, throat and respiratory system e.g.

burning / tearing of eyes, cough, and shortness of breath. Repeated or prolonged

exposures may cause eye inflammation, headache, fatigue, irritability, insomnia,

digestive disturbances and weight loss.

Measures

• Do not panic



• Check the wind direction and evacuate all personnel to safe breathing

area.

• Put on 30 Min. breathing apparatus set

• Come back to that site in two (use buddy system), with portable H2S

detector and monitor the H2S level in the atmosphere.

• Stop the source of leakage (i.e. close the well)

• Remove victim, if any to fresh air, if breathing, maintain victim at rest &

administer oxygen, if available, if person is not breathing, start artificial

respiration immediately or start mechanical/ automatic resuscitator. Call

ambulance and sent victim to hospital or doctor.

• Avoid & extinguish all naked flames

• Pull out all inflammable material i.e. HSD, Gas Cylinders, Chemicals etc.

from the premises of well / installation. .

• Warn nearby ONGC installation/ testing sites.

• Pull out all possible equipment to safe distances.

• Call for fire tender and start spraying water on the sources of leakage to

dissolve H2S in water.

• Evacuate personnel in 500 mts area from down wind direction.

• Warn nearby inhabitants, if required.

• Keep in touch with control room for all instruction.

• Cordon off the area & do not allow entry of any unauthorised person.

9.4.3.3.2 Effect of Natural gas on Human Health:

A colorless, odorless, flammable gas, mainly methane and may cause flash fire.

Electrostatic charge may be generated by flow, agitation etc.

No occupational exposure limits established.

Provide local exhaust ventilation system. Ventilation equipment should be

explosion-resistant if explosive concentrations of material are present.

Eye Protection: Eye protection not required, but recommended.

Clothing: Protective clothing is not required.

Gloves: Wear appropriate chemical resistant gloves.



Respirator: Under conditions of frequent use or heavy exposure, respiratory

protection may be needed. Respiratory protection is ranked in order from

minimum to maximum. Consider warning properties before use.

9.5 Contingency Plan for Oil Spill

Oil spills occur despite prevention efforts. Oil spills happen on land and in water,

during monsoon, testing, pipeline leakage etc. They vary in size, from just a few

hundred liters to the thousand of liters. Preparing a timely and co-ordinated

response to such an emergency of undefined magnitude that can happen

anywhere, at any time, and in any kind of weather is an enormous challenge that

requires significant planning and training.

9.5.1 Action

When the information of disaster has been flown to all the designated

components of the system, every part has to function and coordinated goal shall

be achieved according to the prescribed duties and responsibilities.

I. Immediate step: As soon as the concerned personnel receive the alarm, all

shall work simultaneously for the following steps to be taken to carry out the

operation.

II. First Information Report (FIR): Control room of surface team shall be treated

as nodal point for converging / diverging the information in / from all the

components of the system.

III. Pumping: Concerned Installation Manager shall take immediate steps for

shut down or stopping of pumping / compressor unit and the affected pipeline

sector shall be isolated. He shall inform HES, SM, ASM, and LM (W), I /C

Security and I /C Fire.

IV. Search: Area Manager / Installation Manager shall organize for sending a

search party of the skilled personnel to the site and the team shall coordinate

with installation in-charge and communicate the data / information regarding

location of accident/ disaster and magnitude of the same.



V. Administration: Administration coordinator has to arrange for mobilization of

fire brigade, safety and security team and medical team if required (as in case of

red disaster). In case of red disaster, he has to take steps for evacuation and

rescue operations.

VI. Firefighting: In-Charge Fire and Security section shall have to immediately

assess the situation and mobilize fire fighting equipments from in-house

resources and outside agencies if needed. The incident site should be cordoned

off by the security to avoid any untoward incident.

VII. Repair operation: LM (W) shall coordinate and I/C maintenance in C & M

division shall organize and supervise operation for repairing and restoring the

normal operational conditions. The line should be buried in presence of security

personnel.

Control Room

E & T control room of Asset will be the nodal point of converging / diverging the

information. Duty officer shall coordinate the information flow between site and

management team.

9.5.2 Preventing Oil Spills

• To have sufficient storage facilities to prevent the discharge of all kind of

oil into the water.

• To have adequate facilities for inspection of pipeline, pressure vessel,

storage tank etc. to avoid leakage, sabotage.

• To have adequate facilities for testing of well.

9.5.3 Mitigation Measure

The following are the mitigation measures for oil spill:

a) Monitoring of pipe line, oil storage tank etc.

b) Using mechanical and chemical method, fresh oil will be lifted in tanker

and sent to nearby GGS. Contaminated oil (if mixed with water) will be



collected in the tanker and will be sent to nearby effluent treatment plant

and oil is separated from water by using skimmers and chemical.

c) Biological methods will be used for cleaning up contaminated soil.



Oil Spill From Pipe Line Leakage

Detailed Activities

Installation Manager

Asset Control

Room

GM-Support

Manager

HES

Asset Manager

Co-ordinator

Civil Authority

External Agency

GAIL

I/C

Dowleswaram

Workshop

Corporate

Communication

Head HSE

SITE

Step I Site to Head Engineering Service (HES)

Area Manager



Step II Location Manager (Works) to Co-ordinate

Other

Agencies

GAIL

HES

Co-ordinator

LM (W)

Asset Authorities

Individual

Concerned with

Field

Resources

I/C

Technical

Cell (C&M)

I/C

Logistic

I/C

Pipe Line

Maintenance

I/C

Security

I/C

Store

Individual concerned

with field

Co-ordinator

External Resources

& Agencies

I/C

Logistic

Search Party Repair Party I/C

Stores/ SK

Step III Co-ordination at Maintenance Level



Step IV Search Team

Area Manager/

Installation Co-

ordinator I/C Logistic

Drawing / Map

Section

Concerned Installation

In-Charge/ Area

Manager

Site

Search Party

In-charge

Pipe line Co-

ordinator I/C Logistic

I/C Security

Dowleshwaram

Work Shop if

required Staff/ Worker/

Agencies

Individual Team

Member

Site

Site Co-

ordinator

In-charge

Security

Step V Repair Team



Step VI Communication

Step VII Evacuation Procedure

Search

Party

Monitor

Repair Party

Monitor

I/C Pipe Line

Maintenance

LM (Works)

HES

SM

Asset Manager

Control

Room

Co-ordinator

GM (Support Service)

Local

Authorities

Police Security Gram

Panchayat

Medical

Team

Control Room

Site

ANNEXURE – A

Point Wise compliance of TORs for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin in East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna districts of A.P. (MoEF letter F. NO. J-11011/31/2012-IA II (I) dated 17.07.2012) 1 Executive summary of project Provided (Page No. 1-7)

2 Project description, project objectives and project benefits

Provided (Page No. 1 and 8-11)

3

Site details within 1 km of the each proposed well, any habitation, any other installation/activity flora and fauna, approachability to site, other activities including agriculture/land, satellite imagery for 10 km area.

Site details provided in page no. 12-16 and page no. 45-46. The bio diversity profile from secondary sources has been incorporated in page 76-92

4 Details of forest land involved in the proposed project. A copy of forest clearance letter, applicable.

Not applicable

5

Permission from the State Forest Department regarding the impact of the proposed plant on the surrounding National Park/Wild life Sanctuary/Reserve Forest/Eco sensitive area, if any. Approval obtained from the State/Central Government under Forest (Conservation Act, 1980) for the forest land should be submitted.

Not applicable

6 Distance from nearby critically/severely polluted area as per Notification dated 13th January, 2010 if applicable.

Not applicable

7 Does proposal involves rehabilitation and resettlement? If yes, details thereof.

NO

8

Details of project cost. The total cost implications for the proposed activities are Rs 440 Cr for Development Drilling of 40 Wells in West Godavari and Godavari Onland PML Block KG Basin, A.P.

9 Details of all the facilities including CGS, GGS, OCS, produced water treatment etc. to be installed, if existing facilities, give details.

Given in Table 1 on Page no. 3

10

Environmental considerations in the selection of the drilling locations for which environmental clearance is being sought. Present any analysis suggested for minimizing the foot print giving details of drilling and development option considered.

Provided on Page No.93-120. Development drilling activity has very low pollution potential. The EIA report outlines the EMP for the minor impacts envisaged

11

Baseline data collection for air, water and soil for one season leaving the monsoon season in at area of 10km radius with centre of Oil Field as its centre covering the area of all proposed drilling wells.

Primary data on air quality, water and soil in the three districts around proposed development drilling locations have been collected.

i Topography of the project site. Give on Pg. No. 2

ii Ambient Air quality monitoring at 8 locations for Ambient Air quality data given in

PM10, SO2, NOx, VOCs, Methane and non-methane HC.

Table 13-17 on Pg. No. 47-52

iii Soil sample analysis (physical and chemical properties) at the areas located at 5 locations.

Soil Quality data given in Table 28-32 on Pg. No. 71-76

iv Ground and surface water quality in the vicinity of the proposed wells site.

Ground and surface water quality data given in Table 23-27 on Page No. 63-71

v Climatology and Meteorology including wind speed, wind direction, temperature rainfall relative humidity etc.

Meteorological Data given in Table 18-20, Fig. 7-12 on Page No.52-61

vi Measurement of Noise levels with 1 km radius of the proposed wells.

Noise level Monitoring data given in Table 21-22 at Page No. 62-63

vii Vegetation and land use: Animal resources. Given on Page No. 76-92

12 Incremental GLC as a result of DG set operation. Given on Page No. 96

13

Potential Environmental impact envisages during various stages of project activities such as site activation, development, operation / maintenance and decommissioning.

The EIA report outlines the EMP for potential environmental impacts during different stages of drilling activity on Page No. 121-134

14

Actual source of water and „Permission‟ for the drawl of water from the Competent Authority. Detailed water balance, waste water generation and discharge.

Water is supplied by contractor through tankers for which contractor obtains necessary permission.

15

Noise abatement measures and measures to minimize disturbance due to light and visual intrusions in case coastally located.

As Noise levels are within acceptable limits, no mitigation measures are necessary. The proposed locations are not coastally located.

16 Treatment and disposal of waste water. The procedure is outlined in Page

No.124-126 and No. 128-130

17 Treatment and disposal of solid waste generation The procedure is outlined in Page

No. 128-130

18 Disposal of spent oil and loose materials. The procedure is outlined in Table-

48 on Page No. 132

19 Storage of chemicals and diesel at site. Chemicals and diesel are stored as

per procedures

20 Commitment for the use of WBM only. Only WBM will be used

21

Mud make up and mud and cutting disposal-All options considered should be listed with selective option.

Mud along with cuttings are stored in the lined waste pit as approved by APPCB after completion of drilling activities.

22 Hazardous material usage, storage accounting and disposal.

All materials stored as per approved procedures

23

Disposal of packaging waste from site. Drums, plastic containers, bags etc. are sent to Narasapur yard for further disposal through authorized agencies.

24 Oil spill control and emergency plans in respect of recovery / reclamation.

Given at Page No. 157-163

25 H2S and fugitive emissions control. No H2S is present KG development

wells

26 Produced oil handling and storage. Oil produced during testing is

transported to GGS by tanker.

27 Details of scheme for oil collection system along with process flow diagram and its capacity.


28 Details of control of air, water and noise pollution in oil collection system.


29 Disposal of produced/formation water Produced water is injected sub

surface.

30 Whether any burn pits being utilized for well test operations.

No such pits are constructed. No onsite incineration attempted.

31

Restoration and decommissioning plans which should include mud pits and wastage restoration also and documentation and monitoring of site recovery.

All drill sites after completion will be restored as per Reclamation plan as given on Page No. 131-132

32 Measures to protect ground water and shallow aquifers from contamination.

All wells are cased and cemented. All waste pits have impermeable lining.

33 Risk assessment and disaster management plan for independent reviews of well-designed construction etc. for prevention of blow out.

Risk assessment and Disaster Management Plan are given on Page No. 135-163

34 Environmental management plan and environmental audit to be conducted.

EMP is given on Page No. 121-134.Environmental audit shall be conducted during drilling operations.

35 Documentary proof of membership of common disposal facilities, if any.

NO

36

Details of environmental and safety related documentation within the company including documentation and proposed occupational health and safety. Surveillance safety programme for all personnel at site. This should also include monitoring programme for the environmental.

All drilling rigs are certified for ISO-14001, OHSAS-18001 and ISO-9001.Documentation on Quality, Occupational health, Safety and Environment Management are duly addressed in the ISO certified QHSE Management systems for ensuring proper monitoring and continued improvement.

37 Total capital and recurring cost for environmental control measures.

Rs 13.5 lakhs per well.

38

A copy of Corporate Environment policy of the ONGC as per the Ministry‟s O.M. No. J-11013/41/2006/1A.II (I) dated 26th April, 2011 available on the Ministry‟s website.

Given as Annexure- B

39 Any litigation pending against the project and or any direction/order passed by any court of law against the project. If so details thereof.

No litigations are pending against the proposed project .

40 A tabular chart with index for point-wise compliance of above TORs.

Given as Annexure- A

The following general points should be noted.

i All documents should be properly indexed, page Noted

numbered.

ii Period/date of data collection should be clearly indicated.

Noted

iii

Authenticated English translation of all material provided in Regional languages.

Executive Summary of The Environment Impact Assessment Report in English and local language (Telugu) submitted to RO, APPCB of all three districts for conducting Public Hearing.

iv The letter/application for EC should quote the MoEF file No. and also attach a copy of the letter.

Given as Annexure-C

v A copy of the letter received from the Ministry should be also attached as an annexure to the final EIA-EMP Report.

Given as Annexure-D

vi

The final EIA-EMP report submitted to the Ministry must incorporate the issues in this letter. The index of the final EIA-EMP report must indicate the specific chapter and page no. of the EIA-EMP Report where the above issues have been incorporated.

Complied

vii

While preparing the EIA report, the instructions for the proponents and instructions for the consultants issued by MoEF vide O.M.NO.J-11013/41/2006-1A.II (I) dated 4th August, 2009, which are available on the website of this Ministry should also be followed.

Complied

viii Certificate of Accreditation issued by the QCI to the environmental consultant should be included.

Noted but NA

ANNEXURE – B

ANNEXURE - C

APPENDIX- I

(See paragraph – 6)

FORM – I

(1) BASIC INFORMATION:-

Sl. ITEM DETAILS

1 NAME OF THE PROJECT(S) Exploration of Oil and gas

(40 Development wells) East Godavari,

West Godavari and Krishna Dts of A.P.

2 SL. NO, IN SCHEDULE 1 (B)

3 PROPOSED CAPACITY/ AREA/LENGTH/TONNAGE TO BE HANDLED/ COMMAND

AREA/LEASE AREA/NUMBER OF WELL TO BE DRILLED

Block Area :- PEL-1A 1518.50sq km, ML Blocks(4) 101.60sq km No. of Well (s) :- 5

PEL-1B 2108.00 sq km ML Blocks(4) 184.00sq km

No of Wells:- 35 Total 40 wells in Block PEL-1A and 1B

4 NEW /EXPANSION/ MODERNISATION The Wells are Development Wells

5 EXISTING CAPACITY/ AREA --

6 CATEGORY OF PROJECT i.e. “A” OR “B”

“A”

7 DOES IT ATTRACT THE GENERAL CONDITIONS? IF YES, PLEASE

SPECIFY

General Conditions.

8 DOES IT ATTRACT THE SPECIFIC

CONDITIONS? IF YES, PLEASE SPECIFY

Not Applicable.

9 LOCATION

As Per Tables 1,2 and 3

PLOT/SURVEY/KHASRANO. Onland drilling locations

VILLAGE Lingala, kaikalur,Nandigama of Krishna Dt and Mandapeta, Kesavdas palem,

Kammapalem,Kesanapalli(West), Vygreswaram in East Godavari Dt and

Penugonda of in West Godavari Dt of A.P.

TEHSIL ---

DISTRICT Krishna ,East and West Godavari Dts Of A.P.

STATE Andhra Pradesh

10 NEAREST RAILWAY STATION/ AIRPORT ALONGWITH DISTANCE IN KMS.

---

11 NEAREST TOWN, CITY, DISTRICT HEADQUARTERS ALONGWITH

---

DISTANCE IN KMS.

12 VILLAGE PANCHAYAT, ZILA

PARISHAD, MUNICIPAL CORPORATION LOCAL BODY (COMPLETE POSTAL ADDRESS

WITH TELEPHONE NOS. TO BE GIVEN)

13 NAME OF THE APPLICANT ED-Asset Manager,ONGC Ltd, Rajahmundry

14 REGISTERED ADDRESS 124- JEEVAN BHARTI TOWER –II, INDIRA CHOWK, CANNAUGHT PLACE, NEW DELHI

15 ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:

ED- Asset Manager, ONGC Ltd., Godavari

Bhavan, Base Complex, Rajahmundry Pin 533

106 (AP) Ph 0883- 2424348

Fax No : 0883-2434386

NAME A A Khan

DESIGNATION(OWNER/PARTNER/CEO)

ED-Asset Manager

ADDRESS ED- Asset Manager, ONGC Ltd., Godavari

Bhavan, Base Complex, Rajahmundry Pin 533

106 (AP) Ph 0883- 2424348

Fax No : 0883-2434386

PIN CODE 533 106

E- MAIL

TELEPHONE NO. Ph 0883- 2424348

FAX NO. Fax No : 0883-2434386

16 DETAILS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES EXAMINED, IF ANTY. LOCATION OF THESE SITES SHOULD BE

SHOWN ON A TOPOSHEET

NOT APPLICABLE

17 INTERLINKED PROJECTS NIL

18 WHETHER SEPARATE APPLICATION OF INTERLINKED

PROJECT HAS BEEN SUBMITTED

NOT APPLICABLE

19 IF YES, DATE OF SUBMISSION NIL

20 IF NO, REASON NOT APPLICABLE

21 WHETHER THE PROPOSAL

INVLOVES APPROVAL/ CLEARANCE/UNDER: IF YES, DETAILS OF THE SAME AND

THEIR STATUS IS TO BE GIVEN: (A) THE FOREST (CONSERVATION)

ACT, 1980 ? (B) THE WILD LIFE (PROTECTION)

NOT APPLICABLE

ACT, 1972? (C) THE CRZ NOTIFICATION, 1991?

22 WHETHER THERE IS ANY GOVERNMENT ORDER/ POLICY RELEVENT/ RELATING TO THE

SITE?

23 FOREST LAND INVLOVED (HECTARES) NIL

WHETHER THERE IS ANY LITIGATION PENDING AGAINST

THE PROJECT AND/ OR LAND IN WHICH THE PROJECT IS PROPOSED TO BE SET UP?

(A) NAME OF THE COURT. (B) CASE NO.

(C) ORDERS/ DIRESTION OF THE COURT, IF ANY AND ITS RELEVENCE WITH THE

PROPOSED PROJECT.

NOT APPLICABLE In proposed project no litigation or

court case of any nature is pending in

any court of law in India.

* Capacity corresponding to sectoral activity (such as production capacity for manufacturing, mining, release area and production capacity for mineral production, area for miners exploration, length for linear transport infrastructure, generation

capacity for power generation etc.)

(II) Activity

1. Construction, operation or decommissioning of the Project involving actions, which will

cause physical changes in the locality (topography, land use, changes in water bodies, etc.)

S.No.

Information/Checklist

confirmation

Yes/No

Details thereof (with approximate quantities

/rates, wherever possible) with source of

information data

1.1 Permanent or temporary change in

land use, land cover or topography

including increase in intensity of

land use (with respect to local land

use plan)

Yes Temporary change in land use

1.2 Clearance of existing land, vegetation

and buildings?

Yes Site leveling ,Hardening and fencing

1.3 Creation of new land uses? Yes For drilling purpose

1.4 Pre-construction investigations e.g.

bore houses, soil testing?

Yes Normally soil testing is not essential for

shallow/temporary foundation for deployment

of rig

1.5 Construction works? Yes Foundation for drilling rig deployment, surface

hardening and chemical shed

1.6 Demolition works? No

1.7 Temporary sites used for construction

works or housing of construction

workers?

No

1.8 Above ground buildings, structures or

earthworks including linear

structures, cut and fill or

excavations

Yes Temporary sheds of working staffs doing shift

duties

1.9 Underground works including mining

or tunneling?

Yes Oil well drilling

1.10 Reclamation works?

Yes Site reclamation charges are being paid to the

land owners

1.11 Dredging? No -----

1.12 Offshore structures? No -----

1.13 Production and manufacturing

processes?

No

1.14 Facilities for storage of goods or

materials?

Yes Mechanical and drilling spares drilling chemicals in

temporary sheds.

1.15 Facilities for treatment or disposal of

solid waste or liquid effluents?

Yes Solid waste/drilled cuttings will be confined within

1500 cu. mtrs. Waste pit.

1.16 Facilities for long term housing of

operational workers?

Yes Drilling DSA – Temporary\

Crew are operating in 14 days ON/OFF Pattern

from their respective home towns

1.17 New road, rail or sea traffic during

construction or operation?

Yes New roads as per operational requirements

1.18 New road, rail, air waterborne or

other transport infrastructure

including new or altered routes and

stations, ports, airports etc?

Yes New roads in the vicinity of Drill sites

wherever required.

1.19 Closure or diversion of existing

transport routes or infrastructure

leading to changes in traffic

movements?

No --------

1.20 New or diverted transmission lines or

pipelines? No

1.21 Impoundment, damming, culverting,

realignment or other changes to the

hydrology of watercourses or

aquifers?

No --------

1.22 Stream crossings? No --------

1.23 Abstraction or transfers of water from

ground or surface waters?

Yes Surface/Ground water may be utilized for

operational purpose

1.24 Changes in water bodies or the land

surface affecting drainage or run-off?

No --------

1.25 Transport of personnel or materials Yes Operating personnel transported from temporary

for construction, operation or

decommissioning?

accommodation to work sites

1.26 Long-term dismantling or

decommissioning or restoration

works?

No --------

1.27 Ongoing activity during

decommissioning which could have an

impact on the environment?

No --------

1.28 Influx of people to an area in either

temporarily or permanently?

No --------

1.29 Introduction of alien species? No --------

1.30 Loss of native species or genetic

diversity?

No --------

1.31 Any other actions? NIL --------

2. Use of Natural resources for construction or operation of the Project (such as land, water,

materials or energy, especially any resources which are non-renewable or in short supply):

S.No.

Information/checklist confirmation

Yes/No

Details thereof (with approximate

quantities /rates, wherever possible)

with source of information data

2.1 Land especially undeveloped or

agricultural land (ha) Yes 4 acres per site

2.2 Water (expected source & competing

users) unit: KLD Yes 30 cu. Mtrs /Day per well

2.3 Minerals (MT) NIL -------- 2.4 Construction material – stone,

aggregates, sand / soil (expected source

– MT)

Yes Sand/stone/cement

2.5 Forests and timber (source – MT) No -------- 2.6 Energy including electricity and fuels

(source, competing users) Unit: fuel (MT),

energy (MW)

Yes Electricity and 3000 L /Day per well Diesel

for running captive gen. sets)

2.7 Any other natural resources (use

appropriate standard units)

No --------

3. Use, storage, transport, handling or production of substances or materials, which could be

harmful to human health or the environment or raise concerns about actual or perceived risks to

human health.

4. Production of solid wastes during construction or operation or decommissioning (MT/month)

S.No.

Information/Checklist confirmation

Yes/No

Details thereof (with

approximate

quantities/rates, wherever

possible) with source of

information data

3.1 Use of substances or materials, which are hazardous

(as per MSIHC rules) to human health or the

environment (flora, fauna, and water supplies)

No --------

3.2 Changes in occurrence of disease or affect disease

vectors (e.g. insect or water borne diseases)

No --------

3.3 Affect the welfare of people e.g. by changing

living conditions?

No --------

3.4 Vulnerable groups of people who could be affected by

the project e.g. hospital patients, children, the elderly

etc.,

No --------

3.5 Any other causes NIL --------

S.No.


Yes/No


approximate



information data

4.1 Spoil, overburden or mine wastes Yes Drill cutting generated

about 225 cu. Mtrs per well

4.2 Municipal waste (domestic and or commercial

wastes)

No --------

4.3 Hazardous wastes (as per Hazardous Waste

Management Rules)

Yes 1.Burnt oil

2.Lead Acid Batteries

3.Oil Filters

4.4 Other industrial process wastes

No

4.5 Surplus product NIL

4.6 Sewage sludge or other sludge from effluent

treatment

No

4.7 Construction or demolition wastes Yes Drill cuttings shall be used for

in surface hardening within

drill site area

4.8 Redundant machinery or equipment NIL --------

4.9 Contaminated soils or other materials NIL --------

4.10 Agricultural wastes NIL --------

4.11 Other solid wastes

NIL --------

5. Release of pollutants or any hazardous, toxic or noxious substances to air (Kg/hr)

S.No.


Yes/No


approximate



information data

5.1 Emissions from combustion of fossil fuels from

stationary or mobile sources

Yes Emissions from captive

gen. sets(4 X 750 K Watts)

5.2 Emissions from production processes NIL --------

5.3 Emissions from materials handling including

storage or transport

NIL --------

5.4 Emissions from construction activities including

plant and equipment

NIL --------

5.5 Dust or odours from handling of materials including

construction materials, sewage and waste NIL --------

5.6 Emissions from incineration of waste NIL --------

5.7 Emissions from burning of waste in open air (e.g.

slash materials, construction debris)

NIL --------

5.8 Emissions from any other source Nil

6. Generation of Noise and Vibration, and Emissions of Light and Heat:

S.No.


Yes/No


approximate



information data

6.1 From operation of equipment e.g. engines,

ventilation plant, crushers

Yes Noise levels within

permissible limits(PPE will

be provided)

6.2 From industrial or similar processes NIL --------

6.3 From construction or demolition NIL --------

6.4 From blasting or piling NIL --------

6.5 From construction or operational traffic NIL --------

6.6 From lighting or cooling systems NIL --------

6.7 From any other sources NIL --------

7. Risks of contamination of land or water from releases of pollutants into the ground or

into sewers, surface waters, groundwater, coastal waters or the sea:

S.No.


Yes/No


approximate



information data

7.1 From handling, storage, use or spillage of

hazardous materials

No As per EIA Report

7.2 From discharge of sewage or other effluents to water

or the land (expected mode and place of discharge) No

7.3 By deposition of pollutants emitted to air into the

land or into water

No --------

7.4 From any other sources No --------

7.5 Is there a risk of long term build up of pollutants

in the environment from these sources?

No --------

8. Risk of accidents during construction or operation of the Project, which could affect

human health or the environment

S.No. Information/Checklist confirmation Yes/No Details thereof (with approx.



information data

8.1 From explosions, spillages, fires etc from storage,

handling, use or production of hazardous substances No

8.2 From any other causes Yes Blow Outs

8.3 Could the project be affected by natural disasters causing

environmental damage (e.g. floods, earthquakes, landslides,

cloudburst etc)?

No --------

9. Factors which should be considered (such as consequential development) which could lead

to environ. effects or the potential for cumulative impacts with other existing or planned

activities in the locality

S. No.


Yes/No


approximate



information data

9.1 Lead to development of supporting.

facilities, ancillary development or development

stimulated by the project which could have impact

Yes Socio economic

development of the area.

Direct and indirect

on the environment e.g.:

• Supporting infrastructure (roads, power supply,

waste or waste water treatment, etc.)

• housing development

• extractive industries

• supply industries

• other

employment is enhanced

9.2 Lead to after-use of the site, which could have an

impact on the environment

No --------

9.3 Set a precedent for later developments Yes Development and production

of oil and gas facilities

9.4 Have cumulative effects due to proximity to other

existing or planned projects with similar effects

NIL --------

(I) Environmental Sensitivity

S.No. Areas Name/

Identity

Aerial distance (within 15

km.)Proposed project

location boundary

1 Areas protected under international conventions,

national or local legislation for their ecological,

landscape, cultural or other related value

No --------

2 Areas which are important or sensitive for ecological

reasons - Wetlands, watercourses or other water

bodies, coastal zone, biospheres, mountains, forests

No

3 Areas used by protected, important or sensitive

species of flora or fauna for breeding, nesting,

foraging, resting, over wintering, migration

No --------

4 Inland, coastal, marine or underground waters No --------

5 State, National boundaries No --------

Pre-feasibility Report for Development Drilling Of 40 Wells

In ML of PEL Block-1A & B, KG on land During 2012-17

Introduction:

India's demand for petroleum products is growing at a rapid rate, having virtually doubled from

30 MMT in 1980-81 to almost 70 MMT in 1995-96. Current estimates indicate that it would

reach a level of about 200 MMT by 2012-13. With a view to meeting this growing demand, the

new hydrocarbon policy aims at encouraging investment in oil exploration and production.

India is heavily dependent on Imports to meet the rapidly growing demand for

petroleum products. Current demand and supply projections indicate that the level of self-

sufficiency is likely to decline to about 30% over the next few years. Substantial efforts are

therefore, necessary to boost indigenous oil and gas production, to minimise imports and

improve the balance of payment in the years to come. India‟s oil and gas demand is growing.

But the oil and gas production is significantly low compared to consumption volume. This

demand and production gap is fulfilled through import. Uncertainty of international oil prices

contributes to threaten energy security of India. In the recent past, crude oil prices have

crossed significantly all projections, estimates, and forecasts in spite of absence of any major

international geopolitical disturbance. Way the international prices have been increasing; it is a

real burden to oil importing countries.

Rajahmundry Asset is entrusted with the optimal exploitation of 41 on land fields

consisting of around 144 exploitable reservoirs.

During the period 2012-17 (40) development locations are planned to be taken up for

drilling to augment production from the existing oil and gas pools of the established fields, For

which PEL/ML are obtained (details enclosed IN Tables 1 and 2)

Project Description

1.1 Description of Area

Project Region Block Title Block Area (Sq. Km.)

Remarks

Onshore area in West Godavari & Krishna districts of Andhra Pradesh

PEL Block 1A ML Blocks (4 Blocks)

1518.50 sq. km 101.60 sq. km

The map of the block is given in Figure 1 and the coordinates of the block are given in Table 1.

Onshore area in East & West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh

PEL Block 1B ML Blocks (4 Blocks)

2108.00sq km

184.00 sq km

The map of the block is given in Figure 2 and the coordinates of the block are depicted in Table 2.

1.2 Proposed Project

The new development locations are firmed up for drilling to enhance oil and gas production

from new reservoirs and increase recovery factor from the existing established oil and gas

fields. During the period 2012-17 (40) development locations are planned to be taken up for

drilling which falls in the ML areas of PEL block 1A & B in KG Basin On land . A list of the

development locations is enclosed as Table 3

1.3 Project Justification

It is expected that the proposed development drilling activities lead to augment the production

of hydrocarbons, in the present scenario of growing demand of oil and gas in the country.

1.4 Drilling Operations

ONGC owned electrical type rigs are proposed to be deployed for undertaking drilling in the

block. The technical details of the proposed drilling activity are given below:

Well location / Depth

No. of wells to be drilled 24

Duration of Drilling 2-3 months for each well

Qty. of drilling fluid. About 700 M3 for each well

Qty. of cuttings, cu.m. 225M3 for each well

Qty. of drlg. Waste water, cu.m. 1000 M3 for each well

Location Details Given in Table 2

Distance of Block boundry from the coast line

On land Locations

Formation pressure Hydrostatic

Test flaring, duration 2 to 3 days Flare Details: Confined to the oil pit

1.4.1 Details of the drilling rig proposed to be deployed

Type of rig Electrical Rig

Drilling mud composition Water based Drilling Fluid

Power generator type & nos. AC – SCR Type. (06 Nos.)

Diesel consumption @ 3- 4 M3 / Day per day per well

Qty. of fresh water requirement & source 1000 M3. Transported from nearby source through contractor

Manpower on rig 25 per shift of 12 Hrs. Two shifts / day

Material requirement & Mobilization From ONGC base in Rajahmundry / Narasapur

Details of solids handling system on rig Shale Shakers - 1200 GPM Capacity Desander – 1200 GPM Capacity Desilter – 1200 GPM Capacity

Details of Sewage treatment facility, if any Not applicable

Waste Pit availability & Size 30’ x 33’ x 5’ - 2 Nos. 38’ x 33’ x 5’ – 1 No. 23’ x 20’ x 5’ – 1 No.

Oil Pit availability & Size 3’ x 3’ x 4’ – 1 No.

The quantity of drill cuttings generated will be around 225 m3. The quantity of wastewater

produced will be about 15-20 m3/day. The rig will be provided with solids handling system

comprising Shale shakers (1200 GPM), Desander (1200 GPM) and Desilter (1200 GPM) and

Degasser with vacuum pump.

Drilling operations will be carried out using an electrical type drilling rig. Drilling unit for drilling

of oil and gas wells consists of a derrick at the top of which is mounted a crown block and a

hoisting block with a hook. From the swivel is suspended a Kelly stem passes through a

square or hexagonal Kelly bush which fits into the rotary table. The rotary table receives the

power to drive it from an electric motor. The electric motor rotates the rotary table which

passes through the Kelly bush and the rotations are transmitted to the bit as the drilling

progresses, the drill pipe in singles are added to continue the drilling process. At the end of the

bit life, the drill pipes are pulled out in stands and stacked on the derrick platform. A stand

normally has 3 single drill pipes. After changing the bit, the drill string is run back into the hole

and further drilling is continued. This process continues till the target depth is reached.

During the course of drilling, cuttings are generated due to crushing action of the bit. These

cuttings are removed by flushing the well with duplex/triplex mud pumps. The mud from the

pump discharge through the rotary hose connected to stationary part of the swivel, the drill

string and bit nozzles. The mud coming out of the bit nozzles pushes the cuttings up the hole

and transports them to the surface through the annular space between the drill string and the

hole. The mud not only carries away crushed rock from the bottom of the hole but it also cools

the bit as it gets heated due to friction with formation while rotating. The mud also helps in

balancing subsurface formation pressures and by forming a cake on the walls of the well

diminishes the possibility of crumbling or caving of the well bore.

At the surface, the mud coming out from well along with the cuttings falls in a trough, passes

through the solids control equipments i.e. shale shaker, de-sander and de-silter. These

equipments remove the solids of different sizes which get mixed with the mud during the

course of drilling. The cleaned mud flows back to the suction tanks to be again pumped into

the well. The drilling mud/fluid circulation is thus a continuous cyclic operation. The most

suitable clay for mud preparation is bentonite which is capable of forming highly dispersed

colloidal solutions. Various other chemicals are also used in mud preparation as per

requirements dictated by the temperature/pressure conditions of the wells. The mud is

continuously tested for its density, viscosity, yield point, water loss, pH value etc. to ensure that

the drilling operations can be sustained without any down hole complications.

1.5 Drilling Facilities

Drilling is a temporary activity which will continue for about 45 days for each well in the block.

The rigs are self-contained for all routine jobs. Once the drilling operations are completed, the

well is tested by perforation in the production casing. This normally takes 2-3 days. The well

will be connected to production installation and put on regular production.

1.6 General Requirements of Drilling

Development drilling programme requires the following common facilities:

a. Drilling muds

Drilling of wells requires specially formulated muds which basically comprise inert earth

materials like bentonite, barite in water with several additives to give mud weight, fluidity

and filter cake characteristics while drilling. The drilling muds have several functions like

lubrication and cooling of the drill bit, balancing subsurface formation, bringing out the drill

cuttings from the well bore, thixotropic property to hold cuttings during non-operations,

formation of thin cake to prevent liquid loss along well bore etc. Several additives are

mixed into the mud system to give the required properties. The constituents of water

based mud (WBM) are given in Table 4. The special additives and their functions in WBM

are shown in Table5.

b. Power Generation

The drilling process requires movement of drill bit through the draw works which require

power. The power requirement of the drilling rig will be met by using the six Diesel

Generator sets with a diesel consumption of about 06 Kl/day. The exhaust stacks of the

DG sets are likely to vent the emissions.

c. Water requirements

The water requirement in a drilling rig is mainly meant for preparation of drilling mud apart

from washings and domestic use. While the former consumes the majority of water

requirement, the water requirement for domestic and wash use is very less. The daily

water consumption will be 25 m3/d of which 15 m3/d will be used for mud preparation and

10 m3/d will be used for domestic purposes including drinking.

d. Domestic wastewater

The operating personnel in the drilling rigs will operate from drill site accommodation

(DSA) in the vicinity of the location. Suitable soak pits will be available at the DSA.

e. Solids removal

The rock cuttings and fragments of shale, sand and silt associated with the return drilling

fluid during well drilling will be separated using shale shakers and other solids removal

equipment like desanders and desilters. The recovered mud will be reused while the

rejected solids will be collected and discharged into the waste pit.

f. Drill cuttings and waste residual muds

During drilling operations, approx 225 m3 per well of wet drill cuttings are expected to be

generated from each well depending on the type of formation and depth of drilling. In

addition to the cuttings 15-20 m3/day of wastewater is likely to be generated during well

drilling. The waste residual muds and drill cuttings which contain clay, sand etc. will be

disposed into the waste pit.

g. Testing

Testing facilities will be available at drilling rig for separation of liquid phase and burning of

all hydrocarbons during testing. The test flare boom will be located at a distance from the

drilling rig.

h. Chemical storage

The drilling rig will have normal storage facilities for fuel oil, required chemicals and the

necessary tubulars and equipment. The storage places will be clearly marked with safe

operating facilities and practices.

i. Manpower

The drilling rig will be operated by approx. 30 persons on the rig at anytime. The

manpower will operate in two shifts with continuous operations on the rig.

j. Logistics

Crew transfers to and from the drilling rig, materials, diesel and chemicals will be through

light vehicles, trucks and trailers.

1.7 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring is carried in and around the drill sites and production

Installations regularly. The pollutants are found to be well below the prescribed CPCB

Limits

1.8 Project Investment

The total cost of drilling 40 development wells will be approximately around Rs.

440crores

Table 1 showing the coordinates of PEL 1A and ML Blocks

S. No.

Name of the Block Area as on 01.08.2011

Co-ordinates

Latitude Longitude

Boun-dary points


KRISHNA GODAVARI (ONLAND)

1 ONLAND-1A 1518.50

SKM

A 16 10 22.20 81 11 40.00

ED: 28.12.2003 D8 16 10 22.20 80 57 0.00

D7 16 24 0.00 80 57 0.00

D6 16 24 0.00 81 0 0.00

D5 16 35 42.00 81 0 0.00

D4 16 35 42.00 81 3 2.00

D3 16 38 6.00 81 3 2.00

D2 16 38 6.00 81 9 18.00

D1 16 43 34.00 81 9 18.00

E 16 45 0.00 81 15 0.00

F 16 50 14.00 81 20 53.00

F1 16 32 57.65 81 26 42.38

F2 16 34 24.00 81 23 33.00

F3 16 31 12.00 81 22 3.00

F4 16 29 15.00 81 26 27.00

F5 16 31 8.89 81 27 19.13

G 16 21 30.00 81 30 35.00

Coastline from point G to point A

ML Areas

A 16 10 22.00 81 11 40.00

1

LINGALA

(ED 21.12.1999

10 Yrs)

7.60 SKM A 16 27 48.75 81 8 42.13

B 16 27 20.22 81 9 46.52

C 16 29 0.00 81 11 20.90

D 16 29 9.46 81 9 55.79

2

KAIKALURU-3

(ED 03.01.1987

20 Yrs.)

9.00 SKM

A 16 26 46.00 81 8 58.00

B 16 25 48.00 81 8 4.00

C 16 24 20.00 81 9 43.00

D 16 25 6.00 81 10 27.00

E 16 26 24.00 81 9 25.00

3

LINGALA

EXTENSION AND

KAIKALUR-12

30.00 SKM A 16 29 5.00 81 10 23.00

B 16 32 24.00 81 15 2.00

C 16 31 38.00 81 15 29.00

D 16 26 16.25 81 10 8.00

E 16 26 53.50 81 9 24.00

F 16 27 20.22 81 9 46.52

G 16 29 0.00 81 11 20.90

4 NANDIGAMA

(ED: 31.1.2000

20 Yrs.)

55.00 SKM A 16 19 18.00 81 7 22.00

B 16 21 59.00 81 12 17.00

C 16 20 19.00 81 13 10.00

D 16 16 45.00 81 9 8.00

E 16 17 0.00 81 6 34.00

Table 2 Coordinates of PEL-1B Block and ML areas in KG onland KG Basin

S. No.

Name of the Block Area as on 01.08.2011

Co-ordinates

Latitude Longitude

Boun-dary points


PEL Block 1B

1

ONLAND-1B ED:13.01.2004

2108.00 SKM

F7 16 47 10.30 81 21 53.85

F6 16 47 6.00 81 48 12.00

F5 16 50 52.50 81 48 12.00

F4 16 51 2.00 82 0 0.00

F3 16 52 38.00 82 0 0.00

F2 16 52 44.00 82 5 56.00

F1 16 54 16.73 82 5 55.50

D' 16 55 9.00 82 14 33.00

Y15 16 50 58.64 82 16 15.20

Y14 16 50 41.00 82 13 22.00

Y13 16 46 48.00 82 13 24.00

Y12 16 46 48.00 82 12 24.00

Y11 16 45 31.50 82 12 24.00

Y10 16 45 31.50 82 10 54.00

Y9 16 44 51.00 82 10 54.00

Y8 16 44 51.00 82 6 28.00

Y7 16 43 36.00 82 6 28.00

Y6 16 43 36.00 82 4 24.00

Y5 16 42 16.00 82 4 24.00

Y4 16 42 16.00 82 2 18.00

Y3 16 39 24.00 82 2 18.00

Y2 16 39 24.00 82 14 46.50

Y1 16 33 2.00 82 14 46.50

C' 16 33 0.30 82 14 41.70

B' 16 31 48.50 82 9 48.60

X1 16 30 3.00 82 8 0.00

X2 16 33 0.00 82 6 18.00

X3 16 31 30.00 82 3 24.00

X4 16 34 51.00 82 1 9.00

X5 16 29 3.00 81 50 47.00

X6 16 26 38.00 81 52 8.00

X7 16 26 6.00 81 51 58.00

X8 16 26 14.00 81 51 47.00

X9 16 25 1.00 81 50 30.00

X10 16 23 50.00 81 50 30.00

X11 16 23 58.00 81 49 42.00

X12 16 22 24.00 81 47 15.00

X13 16 22 3.00 81 47 15.00

X14 16 21 27.00 81 47 30.00

X15 16 19 48.00 81 43 40.00

X16 16 18 30.00 81 43 3.00

E 16 21 30.00 81 30 35.00

E1 16 31 8.89 81 27 19.13

E2 16 32 25.00 81 27 54.00

E3 16 32 57.65 81 26 42.38

F7 16 47 10.30 81 21 53.85

ML Areas

1 MANDAPETA (ED 14.02.1994, 20 Yrs.)

40.00 SKM

A 16 50 16.00 81 55 8.00

B 16 48 9.00 81 56 14.00

C 16 47 43.00 81 56 47.00

D 16 46 16.00 81 56 50.00

E 16 46 1.00 81 55 46.00

F 16 46 41.00 81 54 48.00

G 16 47 0.00 81 52 13.00

H 16 49 34.00 81 52 58.00

2

KESAVADASUPALEM

25.50 SKM

A 16 19 48.00 81 43 40.00

B 16 21 27.00 81 47 30.00

C 16 22 3.00 81 47 15.00

D 16 23 26.00 81 50 30.00

E 16 22 15.00 81 50 30.00 22 15.00 81 50 30.00

F 16 18 30.00 81 43 3.00

3 ADAVIPALEM-PONNAMONDA

(ED:30.7.1996, 20 Years)

95.00 SKM

A 16 25 1.00 81 50 30.00

B 16 24 50.00 81 50 40.00

C 16 25 9.00 81 51 4.00

D 16 26 6.00 81 51 58.00

E 16 26 38.00 81 52 8.00

F 16 29 39.00 81 57 47.00

G 16 23 50.00 81 57 0.00

H 16 22 15.00 81 50 30.00

4 LAKSHMANESWARAM 23.50 SKM

A 16 25 12.00 81 40 6.00

B 16 26 57.00 81 41 21.00

C 16 29 33.00 81 43 57.00

D 16 29 6.00 81 44 6.00

E 16 29 33.00 81 45 9.00

F 16 29 10.00 81 44 55.00

G 16 27 25.00 81 43 40.00

H 16 24 39.00 81 41 0.00

Table 3

Status of development locations being taken up for drilling during 2012-17

S.No Field / No. of wells

(Anticipated Locations) / Well

Name

PEL

Block

Coordinates ML Status ML Area

in Sq.KM

1 KAIKALURU / 3 1A Not Available as

Locations are

anticipated to be

released during

2012-17

in Kaikalur Area /

in Lingala Extn ML

Area

9.0

30.0

2 LINGALA / 1 1A ---do-- Lingala ML Area 7.6

3 NANDIGAMA / 1 1A ---do-- Nandigama ML Area 55.0

4 PENUGONDA / 10 1B ---do-- Grant of ML under

process

5 MANDAPETA / 8 1B ---do-- Mandapeta 40.0

6 KESAVADASUPALEM / 1 1B ---do-- Kesavadasupalem ML

Area

25.5

7 KESANAPALLI WEST / 5 1B ---do-- Adavipalem and

Ponnamanda ML Area

95.0

8 KAMMAPALEM / 7 1B ---do-- Grant of ML under

process

9 VYGRESWARAM / 1 1B ---do-- Grant of ML under

process

10 Lakshmaneswaram / LSDA 1B Lat 16 deg 16

min04.96 sec Long

81 deg 41 min

00.65sec

Lakshmaneswaram ML

Area

23.5

11 Penugonda /PGDA 1B Lat 16 deg 41 min

00.97 sec Long 81

deg 46 min 50.75

sec

Grant of ML under

process

…

12 Penugonda / PGDB 1B Lat 16 deg 41 min

12.30 sec Long 81

deg 47 min 29.76

sec

Grant of ML under

process

…

Total 40 wells

Table 4 Ingredients of Water Based Drilling Fluid

Table 5 Special Additives and their Functions in Water-based Drilling Fluids

S. No. Chemicals Function

1. Sodium bicarbonate Eliminate excess calcium ions due to cement contamination

2. Sodium chloride Minimize borehole washout in salt zone

3. Groundnut shells, mica of cellophane

Minimise loss of drilling mud to formation

4. Cellulose polymers or starch

Counter thick, sticky filter cake, decrease filter loss to formation

5. Aluminium stearate Minimize foaming

6. Vegetable oil lubricant Reduce torque and drag on drill string

7. Pill of oil-based mud spotting fluid

Counter differential pressure sticking of drilling string; Pill is placed down hole opposite contact zone to free pipe

S. No Chemicals

1. Barite

2. Bentonite

3. Carboxy Methyl Cellulose

4. Mud Thinner / Conditioner

5. Resinated Lignite

6. Non-Weighted Spotting Fluid

7. Weighted Spotting Fluid

8. EP Lube

9. Drilling Detergent

10. Caustic Soda

11. Potassium Chloride

12. Soda Ash

ANNEXURE D

ANNEXURE E

Details of Hydrocarbon Fields The Hydrocarbon reserve data obtained from the various wells drilled so far have shown

very encouraging results in West Godavari and Godavari Onland PML Blocks of KG

Basin in three districts of A.P. viz. East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna. The

overall success ratio is 1:2.4. The efforts led to the discovery of 59 small-to-medium

sized hydrocarbon fields with about 234.9 MMT (Oil & Oil Equivalent Gas) of initial in-

place on-land reserves as on 01.04.2013. These fields are given below:

S.

No.

Hydrocarbon Fields S.

No.

Hydrocarbon Fields

1 Achanta 31 Mandapeta

2 Adivipalem 32 Manepalli

3 Adavipeta East 33 Medapadu

4 Bandamurlanka-N 34 Mori

5 Bantumilli 35 Mullikipalle

6 Bantumilli South 36 Mukkamala

7 Bhimanapalli 37 Mummidivaram

8 Chintalapalli 38 Nandigama

9 East Rangapuram 39 Narasapur

10 Elamanchili 40 North Penugonda

11 Endamuru 41 Palakollu

12 Enugapalli 42 Pasarlapudi

13 Geddanapalli 43 Pendurru

14 Gokarnapuram 44 Penugonda

15 Gopavaram 45 Penumadam

16 Kaikalur-Vadali 46 Ponamanda

17 Kammapalem 47 Rangapuram

18 Kavitam 48 Razole

19 Kaza 49 Sirikattapalli

20 Kesanapalli 50 Sitaramapuram

21 Kesanapalli West 51 South Mahadevapatnam

22 Kesavadasapalem 52 Suryaraopeta

23 Koravaka 53 Tatipaka-Kadali

24 Lakshmaneswaram 54 Turputallu

25 Lakshminarasimhapuram 55 Uppidi

26 Lankapalem 56 Vanadurru South

27 Lingala 57 Vygreswaram

28 Magatapalli 58 Vygreswaram Southwest

29 Mahadevapattanam 59 West Kesavadasupalem

30 Malleswaram

ANNEXURE F

ANNEXURE G

CSR spending by Rajahmundry Asset in East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna District

East Godavari district

S. No. Year Total Amount Spent (In lakhs)

1 2010-11 241

2 2011-12 592

3 2012-13 298

4 2013-14 560

West Godavari district


1 2010-11 28

2 2011-12 49.17

3 2012-13 60.52

4 2013-14 129

Krishna district


1 2010-11 8.6

2 2011-12 22.22

3 2012-13 24.47

4 2013-14 28.5

S. No.

Area of Activity related to CSR spending

Examples of the facilities/infrastructure provided using CSR fund

1 School Infrastructure Class room furniture, computers, Benches, Compound

wall etc.

2 High School/College Infrastructure

Almirahs, ceiling fans, tube lights, electrification and lab equipment etc.

3 Village Infrastructure Providing street lights etc.

4 Sports Development Financial assistance to conduct the Officials Sports Meets etc.

5 Welfare To support and encourage and create employment to local artisans, musicians and artists, conduct medical camp for Animal Husbandry etc.

6 Installation of RO/ Drinking Water Facility

Installing the RO Plant including bore well, power supply initial cost etc.

7 Sanitation Sanitation facilities for ladies etc.

8 Vocational Training Free training in Hotel Management for poor SC/ST/BC students, Financial Assistance to run the training programmes etc.

Documents

E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, …environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/03032015… · · 2015-03-03Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG