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EPISCOPAL CHURCHPEOPLE for a rREE SOUTHERN AFRICA 339 Lafayette Street, New York, N.Y. 10012-2725 .. (212) 4 n -0066

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.DEAN FARISANI DETAINED FOR 4th TIME

There is great fear worldwide for the safety -the very life - of a prominent .. South African Lutheran pastor - the Very Rev. Tshenuwani Simon Farisani.

At midnight Friday-Saturday, 21-22 November secur:ity po_lice -bro_ke into .:Pea11 _-Faris ani'~ . home in ·sibasa; .the-' cap=--ita:l' ·of ·Pretori·a·'·s· bantustan_ of Venda. ·The· dean locked himself and his wife and family in a bedroom which delayed his being carried away into detention until dawn. This is the fourth time the 38-year-old clergyman has been detained by South African security forces in the past 9 years. The last time in 1982 they almost killed him.

An eyewitness reports seeing Dean ·Farisani be-. ing taken to hospital in .Sibasa a few hours af­ter the police had seized him. The dean's wife, Regina, his bishop and his lawyers saw Venda's security chief who said he was. acting '-on higher, unnamed, authority. He refused to say where, even' if, the out~poken dean was held.

27 November 1986

Dean Faris ani testified before a. US· congressional ·committee in June 19 84, ··t:el1-ing of his tor>ture while in Pretoria Is hands. He visi_ted the USA a·gain this au­tumn. DeansFarisanihas always been forthright in condemning the repression in his country.

Dean Farisani is in very great peril. All friends must rally to help him.

PHONE- TELEGRAM -_Urgently!

Secretary George Shultz Department of State Washington, DC 20520

State President P. W. Bo.tha Union Buildings -~ Pretoria 0001 SOUTH AFRICA

Assistant Secretary Chester C~ocker Department of Stat.e Washin~ton, DC 20520

PHONE : ( 2 0 2) 6 4 7-2 53 0

Ambassador Herbert Beukes South African Emba.ssy 3051 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20008

PHONE: (202) 232-4400

DEAN TSHENUWANI SIMON FARISANI was first detained by South African security police in March 1977. He had been president of the Black People's Conven­tion, a post he resigned in 1975 when he was ordained, but he was-marked as an enemy by the Pretoria regime. He was taken to the South African city of Pietermaritzburg, hundreds of miles from his home in the northern Transvaal, and very badly tortured. Balthazar Johannes Vorster, the prime minister of the day,passed on a message to a Lutheran delegation _pleading for the dean's life: 'Better for one man to die than the country be end~ngered.' Farisani was released in June. 11

Th~ security police again seized Dean Farisani in Octdber 1977, keeping him incommunicado until January .197 8. Then ensued a series of attempts to trap him: agents offered him African National Congress publications, his car was repeatedly stopped at road blocks and searched as he traveled about his dis­trict, young men appeared at his door claiming to be liberation guerrillas seeking food and shelter. 'Later I saw them present at torture sessions con­ducted on me by the security police,' the cleric recalls .

. · In October 19 Bi- ,-··when -the --ci-ean .was in Jqh~rrn~sburg, a: po·li.ce- stat~on -~i_n V~nda·-. was attacked by guerrillas. Several Luther-an pastors were arrested ·including a lay preacher who was beaten to death by the police. On 9 November, the se­curity police attached to the-rre_~ly formed' Venda detained Dean Farisani.Early . . ' . ~n January they performed the~r most severe torture on h~m ..

He was made to squat in an imaginary c~air, to lie on the floor while the po­lice kicked him in his private parts. The police pulled out his hair in tufts, they threw him in the air and let him crash to the floor. They applied elec­tric wires to his head, his body, his privates and shot the current through him until he fell forward onto the floor covered with water. He remembers call­ing out: 'Please take me, Lord!' His tormentors shouted:· 'Hallelujah, praise the .Lord.! ' s~

The dean suffered a series of heart attacks and was taken to hospital. A mag­istrate saw him but fled the room not wanting to hear of his torture.. Finally a representative of the British Council of Churches got into the hospital and learned of his agony. Farisani wanted to bring criminal charges against the police but was forced to drop them. Lawyers told him after his release in June 1982 that they were convinced he would have been killed had he not.

Dean Farisani's job requires almost constant travel about his district. Be­fore coming to the USA in June 1984, he experienced a number of curious mis~ haps to his automobile. A wheel suddenly came off;luckily he was moving slow­ly. The drive shaft was severed, again while moving at low speed. Mechanics at a garage could not explain th-is incident. Once on a road he had to swerve into a ditch to avoid a speeding police vehicle fitted upfront with heavy iron bars. The Venda police and their white supervisors from Pretoria - whose iden­tities are known to the dean and recorded in writing in safe places - are sure­ly competent to arrange an accident for their hated enemy.

Dean Farisani, Ms Regil1_a Farisani - who is exp-ecting a third baby in late Sep­tember 1984, and their two little children live virtually defenseless but for the watch that friends in South Africa and around the world keep upon them.

'THE TORTURE OF A SOUTH AFRICAN PASTOR' an interview with Dean and Ms Farisani

25 minute sound film~ l6mm~ video produce~ by Pastor John Evenson

available from: Lutheran World Ministries 360 Park Avenue South New York~ N.Y. lOOlO

Victoria Brittain and Paul Fauvet on who killed President Machel

Beacon of: death THE GUARDIAN Thursday Novemoer 13 1986 ·

THE Soviet Union yesterday accused the South Africans of being responsible for the plane crash which killed President Samora Machel of Mozambique three weeks ago, and of obstructing the international inquiry which has been stalled since Octo­ber 20. In the first public statement from Moscow the Deputy Civil Aviation Minis­ter, Ivan Vasin, said.: " The only conclusion that one can · come to is that a powerful radio station on South Afri­can territory working on the Maputo airport frequency drew the plane off course."

The accusation came on top of new details of the circumstances of the crash which indicate South African military activity before it and prevarication and disinformation after it, ac­cording to diploihatic sources in London and the front line states. Pressure in the West for results in the interna­tional aviation inquiry is growing.

The question of· WhY the South Africans · will not ~­releas·e the Tupolov 134A's black boxes is one of several puzzles. The South Africans announced yesterday that they will return only one ()f the three flight recorders to the aircraft manufacturers in Moscow. They previously agreed to send all the boxes, in accordance with normal international practice, but in two subsequent meetings of the international inquiry the South African delegation, which has had several changes of personnel, changed tack and refused to release the recorders even when their new condition of; allowing access to Maputo's · control tower tapes was agreed by Mozambique.

The Soviet Union yester­day .denied that South Africa had agreed to send one box back. In Maputo the last meeting of the inquiry fin­ished this week with no progress.

Pik Botha. South Africa's ground· control after asking The heavy ·military pres-Foreign Minister, has given . them to turn on the runway ence in the area makes it six press conferences since l'gh h' h 1 d · ,. bl h the disaster. thus anticipat- I ts, w Ic were a rea y mexp 1ca e t at no South ing the tripartite inquiry on. African official came to the agreed with Mozambique and Further confusion was crash site for four and a half

d b h S h A., · hours, and that those who the Soviet Union on October cause Y t e out 1ncans then came were police, in-20, and to which Mozam- identifying the plane's flight . eluding Portuguese-speaking bique added the Interna- engineer, who was injured police, not military. tiona! Civil Aviation and under drugs in a South Organisation (ICAO). The . African military hospital, as Equally inexplicable was South Africans have since ~ the pilot. A South African the South African failure· to

· ·1· · t d ~lert Maputo to the tragedy added Frank Borman. a for- mi 1tary mterpre er quote until 6_50 the folllowing mer astronaut and chairman him as saying that it was his morning and to wrongly of Eastern Airlines, and two great flying experience that identify the site of the crash

allowed 10 passengers to British experts, Sir Edward survive. as in Natal. not Transvaal. Evelel.gh a tio m r Ap al Last night South Africa's • r e Jpe -The flood of news coverage Court Judge, and Geoffrey from South Africa did not state-controlled television Wilkinson, a former test pilot include notice of an anony- service reported last night who is one of the few West- mous phone call to a West- that several air controllers erners to have flown a ern news agency in SouUl on duty at Maputo airport Tupolov 134A. African on the morning of when President Machel was

Pik Botha has quoted the crash. in which the ca)ler killed had been arrested. The freely from documents pur- said he was a South Afncan claim was vigorously denied portedly taken from the . Airforce captain who knei!V' in Maputo. plane a(ter publicly advising I that Pretoria had " placed a The trigger tor diplomatic Mozambican officials that decoy beacon inside Mozam- pressure to release the flight nothing had been touched. bican territory to lure the recorders to an international He has repeatedly claimed presidential plane off inquiry has come with Mr the crash was an accident, course." J .Botha's making public a 40- ' first blaming stormy The existence of the myste- page document relating to weather, although it was a rious phone call is known to the meeting on October 16 clear night over Maputo and ; others in South Africa, but between .President Machel. the.:site of the crash was dry, ·I· the c·orrditions . of military· :and Zimbabwean -security

Mr Botha subsequently ·. censorship have made it im- chiefs about Pretoria's·use of floated. other theories of pilot possible to re~ort it. Also Malawi. A contradiction in error mclud. ing drunkenness . unreported 1·s t e order of a the text as to whether partie· b th S t ular phrases came from Y e ov1e crew, or POC?r 1 .full military alert· for South ! Machel or the Zimbabwean

and ~?utdated techn~?lqgy m '~ -.:African forces made on Octo- j' Munangwa, and the fact that the aircraft (made m 19?0>· • ber 18 to cover the next <Ul the document surfaced three or confusiOn . by the Pilot hours, confirmed by intelli- weeks after the crash, have I between the. CitY of Maputo, gence sources in South Af· made officials fear it may be . and KomartJpoort, a modest rica and the front line states. · I f · d. 1 border town. ·. The crash was on October 19. a signa I? an Jmpen mg strike on Zimbabwe by South ,

But the . pilot who died, Unusually, the President's Africa. ,. Captain Yui-i Novodran. had journey had been made pub- The Zimbabwean Prime 16,000 hours of flying behind lie a week in advance. Minister, Robert Mugabe, him, including 65 landings at Tension rose between. Mo- has pledged to defend Mo-Maputo airpor~. 70 per cent zambique and South Africa zam biq ue to " the last of them at mght. He was ·in early Octob~r. The air- Zimbabwean soldier " and at-logged as perfectly_on cours_e . ports of Nelspruit and ready has 10,000 troops in the throughout the flight until Komartipoort were strength- country battling the South the final moment when he ened with a squadron of Im- African-supported rebel lost contact with Maputo pala ·fighter-bombers an~Lt; movement, Renamo. which

three of Puma and Alouette operates from Malawi helicopters. Reconnaissance against the Frelimo govern-Commandos, new infantry ment in Maputo. units, and armoured cars were moved into Komartipoort during the pre-vious week.

the -,IW;Ilt:IIL ....,-.-~-week. _ < • _ .

- · · · · . of state'· for secu-crash in . ~i~ ~;Sa!a'am :i&e the on~ ~ter- . rity,-Emnierson- Mnangagwil,. was·.

·.·month-should · native routes. · • even more· painted in an interview nr.J .... ·f,,....,.,.,"" into a .. deahvith the · ClOsing Beira would greatlY iii- · Witho'a British television team on

rebelS; trade· coriidor con· crease the. vulnerability of. the Thursday. He predicted an·~ necting· Zimbabwe to the Mozam. black-ruled states to retaliatory ac- diate .. clash of interests at military biean port of Beira might be. closed. · tion by ~oria as a 9etetrent · levcl".'With Z'nnbatiwean and Mo.

Zimbabwe and ·its land-locked . -ilgainst Sanctions. - z:illlbican forces acting to stop the black neighbors would then be even Pc:ilitica1 and l)lilitary leaders here rebels from trying to exploit mote. dependent on the. South Ai- . are convinCed. that .South Africa is Machel's death. rican transportation network .for behind the . recent u!)liU.ge of . . ."The Beiia comdor is extremely access to the sea.·Beira.and a:sim- Renamo·activity. and thanbe.pilr- important to Zimbilbwe;" Mnan=-

ZIMBABWE

ilar corrid~r to the TanZanian po;t posi!is to 'cilt the corridor. -See ZIMBABWE, A32, CoL 1 . -··---~--~--'---'- ----·. .. .... :.-. ~-.-

At the ·least, it would give: .the · nificant success bas been· the cap- . :·rebels a sppngboai'd from which to . ture of a. bridge-the longest in

gagwa said. "'t is so impOrtant that ·,increase their harassment of the· · -·Africa-over · the Zambezi ·River we will keep it OPeD at every cOst. . -~-ira Corridor... . -linking the towns of Sena and DOna

"In military philosophy· you do not · The coiriddr 'ivas Zimbabwe's ·· Ana. -This openi; the way to the pro. wait fo,r ·your enemy to come and .. •' in trade.: rorit.e. to th. e oil. ts.id~ . vincial capital.of Quelimane.,on the. attack-,you. You preempt. We did . · orld.in the <h!ys when this country coast .

. ·. that in i984 when the baii~l:!l were ·_ as still whiie-ruled RhOdesia and If the rebels capture that; they attacking the corridor, and we are ozambique was. a friendiy Poitu.' · :will have succeeded in cutting· Mil-going to .continue tnat Strategy ··, gU~•colony •. ·. , • · I · zanibique in two.· now." M."langagwa added: .. :With the. cdlhiiise of the Portu- ·Although the Renamo offensive

In the: earlier .operation,· Ziinbci~. ·- · guese emplre"and the advep.~ .of-. a · has made dramatic inroads over the · wean troor)s routed the . Renaiiio · l?faclt. government in Mozambique · last six weeks, peciple close to the -guerrillas .and captured their head•. si,mpathetic to the black liberation- -· security establishment here sug~ . quarters at. Casa Banana, in the eo.; isti here·, th'e border was C;losed and· gest that the rePels may, in fact, be · rongosa National Park; onJy·to see th~ Beira-railr{Jad fell into disrepair; ·more vulnerable than before. it lost again after they' handed it 1''te-ruled RhOdesia used whit~ sever.u ~ousand of the guerrillas . over to the Mozambical) Army; d South Africa as its-lifeline. · · recently .were. expelled from'

Observers here believe the state- . his and:~fO .~nomic decline o( -.·MalaWi, a~rlfing to Zimbabwean ments and report;> are_· part of:: a - Mo;aniliique, cauSed by the depar· sources, an_d they are now exposei.\ campaign to prepare the public for a tur~ .• of ahnost -its entire ·skilled inSide Mozanibique with no over-~' major addition to. Zimbabwe's. -. whitf! population and the failure of the-border· sanctuary to Withdraw· present ccirrunitment otahout6;ooo its. Marxist programs, resulted -in : into and .no easy supply route from troops who are helpmg tht{Mozani- . the !i;ort facilities alsc:i decaying: South Africa The towns they have· bican Army guard the Beira · corri- · A:t a sanctions· war With South i:aptured are derelict. The· whole d · · Afri~ ~gan to loom earlier: this ·region is without food. 0~urces close to the ~uritY·;;;,- year,! Zimbabwe .and the :other· · "They've got tliemselves a base

tablislunent here say that' another blaek~ed: nations in the region; . that's einpty," said one .soUrce. ' two or three brigadescouldbesent _knowt_as· the "front-line states,~ "The only way•South Africa can into Mozambique soon to launch-- a decid . to launch a crash program supply them there is by higl;!iy vis-

.. · .to up de the Beira corridor. • · · ible air drops or from the sea. It's a joint COih"lteroffensive aimed at roll- · Thei-nrst phase, ·financed -mainly good time.to.sttike at them.• ·ing back.the rebels. by Dutch and SW~dish aid, but in,_ But it is alsoa risky venture f9r

The immediate objective would eluding- $8 million from the U.S. Zimbabwe. AS skeptical western be to prevent Renamo from cutting Agenc,j. for I#te~national Develop- diplomats point out, and . as Mu­Mozambique in two and setting up ment, ~-.due to be completed. in gabe's. own fighters demonstrated an ad.'ll!nistration in the northern MardiJThe dependence on South.· not so.' long ago, pursuing guerrillas sector. That move would iive the Africa 4f the nine neighboring black through the bush can be a frustrat.-. faceless rebel . organization some· ·:countries of the Southern Africa ing business. political status. It also would im- DevetoPffient.CoordinatingConfer- Worse·:still, while Zimbabw'E!'s prove its chances of being able to ence· wiij then lie reduced from 68 ·British-trained troops are among solicit international support on an- percent l;o-40 percent,--accorQ.ing.to the best in Africa, the Mozambican ticommunist grounds, as Jonas Edward t;. Cross, chairman of: the .Army is :notoriously incompetent. If 1

Savimbi's Unita movement has in · special _ c!onference -committe& re-: .Casa Ba'nana is not to be repeated, Angola. sp6nsibl~Jorthe project. · .· . -the westerners say, the Zimbab- !

This would step up the pressure . Two y~rs later, when the sec- weans. will have to occupy the key : on the shaky Chissano administra- ond pha~ is completed, d~pen- poin.~s they captu~e. . i tion and increase the possibility of it dence will. be eliminated altogether,. W1th the trop1cal ramy season either. collapsing or feeling com-·. said Cross: coming, they could become bogged I !:!elled to negotiate with Renamo. MeanwhHe, Renamo's most sig- down in a long and costly operation. !

-S. Africa to Restrict Ftmeral­Of Imprisoned ·ActiVist's-Wif~

By William Claiborne Washington Post Foreign Servke

JOHANNESBURG, Oct. 31-South Afriean authorities said today that veteran,_ antiapartheid .cam,. paigner Oscar Mpetha, who is 77 year.; old and had a leg- amputated in prison as a result of dja betes, will not be allowed· to attend his wife's 'funeral Saturd<ty. ·

_ The .government also put severe restrictions on the funeral of Rose Mpetha: at Nyanga, ~ black town· ship on the outskirts. of Cape Town; · saying that it may not be attended by more than 200 people and that

. government policies or actions may · not. be criticized during the service,· The service may- not.last for more t:hai three hours. and only ordained ·­

. ministers may speak, a regional 11.0-' · -' lice colnmissio!ler ordered... ~ ..

: ') 'An opposition ProgreSs-ive Fed­: &a! Party ·member or parliament, 'Tian Van-derM"erwe;·said the fu-' ' neral;restrictions-were offensive to-

. ·the family and the community, and ·Would be-impossible to comply with _because of· Mpetha's.. pi:uminent standing in the . antiapartheid and black trade unicin movements. ·

· ; Mpetha .is a copresident- of the United Democratic Front, a coali­tion of GO<r· antiapartheid organiza­tions embracing a membership of

. more than 2 million. He is serving a I . ..·. ·'·

five-year prison term· under South African terrorism laws for allegedly inciting violence in lhe. stoning deaths of two white motorists in. 1980. .

A leading trade unionist for 30 years, Mpetha was found guilty be. cause allegedly inflammatory state­ments he· made were found by the court to have incited a group of black' youths to the killinga..The: judge who refused Mpetha's appeal of his sentence last year-said at the time that he would have Jiked to. suspend the . sentence, but; was­bound by a Jaw calling fa.·. a. mini·· mum five-year term: - - - - · · South African Justice Ministet­HJ, Coetsee turned down .appeals by Mpetha's children, that. he be. allowed out of prison kmg enough to· attend his wife's funeral. A spokes­man for' the state .Eri5on;·ServiCe said the'·refusaL reflected standaLd practice with coi1Yicts. - '~-; · c

United Democratic Front spokes­men said today·that the government apparently was seeking to avoid a mass demonstration · ·of -' whiclr Mpetha would be the fOCus.· k spokesman for the Mpetha family called the funeral restrictions. "ar-rogant, provocative.and ridiculous:

The spokesman said, "How can we possibly tell tens of thousands of people who· want to.attend the bur· ial to stay away?"

THE actions of the Venda police in preventing Anglican Bishop Simeon Nkoane from addressing a church gathering in the "inde· pendent" homeland of Venda was "clear proof that there is no freedom of worship in the bantu­stan".

This was said by Reverend Zwoitwaho Nevhutalu in a statement released at the week·

end on behalf of the Northern Transvaal Ecumenical Confes­sing Fellowship (NTCEF)._ .

The organisation had mnted the b-ishop to address its gather­ing at JVIakwarela township, Si­basa. a week ago.

Bi~hop Nkoane was turned back at a roadblock and was brieflv detained before being es­corted out of Venda.

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From David Beresford to release Nelson Mandela if he in Johannesburg forswears vio'lence, was po~-

South Africa's- main anti- poned inde:finitely. yesterday, apartheid organisation, the appar-<mtly to facilitate a com­United Democratic Front, yes- promise deal and save the. state·. terday announced its plans for further embarrassment. . a ":black Christmas," including The case was brought by a a 10-day national boycott of gaoled academic, Dr. Renfrew shops and suspension of sports Christie, in an attempt to force fixtures. the President, Mr !P. W. Botha,

The seasonal -protests for this to honour the undertaking that he would release .Mr Mandela

year have been carefully de- d th l't· 1 · ·f tailed by the :unF-, apparently an o er po 1 rca prrsoners ·1 to try to avoid a r=etition of -they - promised to abandon

~..- violence. . last year's black . Christmas Mr Botha made the offer. in which created widespread anar- an. address to Parliament on chy, -misery and resentment in January 31, 1985, in which. be the country's townships, as both said that it was "not the activists and hoodlums ter- South African Government rorised residents seen to be which now stands in the way failing to participate. . of Mt Mandela's freedom. It is

f!'_his year's ".Christmas be himself. The choice is his.-agamst the emergency" cam- All that is reauired Qf him paign will begin with the ring- now is that he s'hould uncondi­ing of church bells in the early tionally reject violence as . a hours of pecember '1!6 and con~- po-litical-instrument." ... ~ ·. :::. · !mue un~l !Boxmg_Day, ~ccord- Que~.tioned ny the <Jppositioil mg to a s.atement 1ssued oy the as to whether the offer applied UDF. . · . ' ·. to other such prisoners,· he

The :<Jrgamsat1o~ .called for said : "Yes, if they uncondi-

1 the re_aamg ~f a unrry pledge at tionally accept the provisions churcn :;erv1ces dl;U'mg the 10- I laid. down." . Subsequently

I day_ :penod, co:qr;rut~mg congre- other. _.government ·politicians gatlons to acmevmg, among took un the~ refrain that

I' other things, the release. of the "•Mandeia holds the key-to his

·· gaoled A:frica.TJ.· National Con• _cell." .. gress leader, Mr Nelson Man- While the offer was con­

' cieia, and the lifting of the temptuously refused by · YJ.t' I state of e;pergency. The ~"DF Mandela, a signed undertaking

I makes a· · spec1al appeal to was made shortlv afterwards " all young militants to exer- bv Dr Christie who was sen­cise max}mum political disci- tenced to an effective 10 years pline ". and_ to " e?sure that the in 1980, for spying for· the

I campa1gn 1s e.'ipJaJ.ned to the k~C. -Despite repeated a?peals people." . - -- - - to L'1e President, the authori­

Meanwhlle, .an extraordinary ties refused to let him go and

I court ~s~. wmch has _thro_w~ an application for his release. some aouot on the mucn-puolJ- was brought in the Pretona cised offer by the Government Supreme Court.

· · ,".. :.> ....... :., -~- -:_<_.: .. · :. --::··:<:<"', .··l:·;c~~:;-r.:·: WEE:KLY MAIL, .october s1to November6_.f"~986 ... ;'••'':5' ..

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~~qd2~:t:r~:~:~~~: .. · · ·.A...:_ bo_· ·y··· ••····_·v__-_•._an_ is_l_i ·e __ ·s __ •. :T_h_ -__ . e: ·. fthe. da)' the natjonal State . of · . . . _

~E~~~g~~~~~~sn~e{~:~:·Mtshenisaid ·one. ·c· ·1ue ·t· .0, .. w· .... h. e· ·r. e·, he ·m· a·y I he and Thomas had become separated. . . .

~~=~:~.,.~~ifz,~E · ·._.-b·e: ··.••· __ ._-_T·-_· h·e_.· :_··-.r·_ .. ·o .. ·- .1--.1---.--o·-··f· ··-a d1·c· _e·· --_·. · !into an ~bulance in obvious pain, his ~ower leg bleeding heavily. · b h 1 J b 1 · 'i'ulu · ·1 t nurses said they did not know the ! A out a mont ater a u am ... • Thomas .Mnyakeni was last seeing fleeing from v1g1 an es •. ~6 d · d · a b names-of the four. · , ·who was etalne 10 · His parents have visited hospitals, prisons and morgues, . ut

waNdebele prison, spo~e to a . ·his name appears on no list. Now there is a clue to· his . On June 15 Mnyakeni searched idetainee in a neighbouring cell who whereabouts, in the tale of a game·_of dice in the Emergency \Yitbank's hospital twice, although 5.dentified himself :as Thomas · · cells. JO-ANN BEKKER reports · · Thomas's name was not on the -~nyakeni. · · · . ·. · · .· . · . . register. He stayed home for the. lOth

That is :the only news· of the1r Catnolic priest, the Reverend Sean .He .and h1s w1fe -caught =a .bus to anniversary of the ~ 976 Soweto issing .'son· Jakob and Lettie O'Leary, who is attached to a mission Kalafong Hospital ·near. Pret~ria,. uprising ·but on June 17 began nyakeni have ~leaned i~ near!~ five on the bo~er ofKw~debele, J~ne 12 ·where they ~7r~ told to wa1t ~~ul the searching poiice stations. · onths of searchma hosp1tals pnsons was a pan1cularly v1olent day m the . afternoon ·vtsltmg hour. Tw1cc they H fi t C

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-b· d morgues o ' . · "homeland". The conservative. searched-the two wards to which they ~ went hlrSh tdoh uardman,s P~ ~~e · Yesterday· the Legal Resources lmbokoto vigilantes attacked people in were directed, but found rio sign of Tstatlo~, as. e h'ald e _mbeo~t 0 htlde

· · · · Th 1 h h h · . . · wee.ontem c 1 ren were m" e . entre actmg for· Jakob .Mnyakem, Tweefontem and at least .a dozen _· omas, a t oug t e woman on gate~ h H h' 1. o

'' ' • · · d 'd h' · h I' Sh t ere. owever, a w 1te po 1ceman ~erved papers on KwaNdebel_e s resJtakdenbtsMdlf<(iak_as 2: resul~ h .ard h uty sat d JSthnametwa~Kon aNerd ISbte.l 'es turned him away when he said he was lJv1inisters of·Law and Order Justice, . o ny em,-a mmer, e t at suggeste ey ry w · e e .

1 k' f . h' . h ld

iiiLrealth Welfare ~d Pension; and the Thomas had been taken away in-an Philadelphia hospital at Dennilton. · 00 1~¥ .~r lSI sl~ken, shaY1,~g de chould p• ' · h A" f · Th f u · · o th not v1s1t peop e. 1 t at an s ou ~dm~nistrator of. the Transva~.l.,!y_i!mbulancc: :whe~ e, retu.rn,... . £.Slit\:-~ , _f? .. -~ ()wmg. mo~m_n., .. e:. write·'to the Chief Commissioner of . rdenng them. to ·produce ~homas .m work. that .. evemng: He . began . ~~e Mnya}cenl$-~Q~"Jled·;ntale,~d _female. ·Police for . rmission. The policeman ourt on ·December 9 .and glve details . search for h1S son.early on June .13: I ,wards .at P~112:delphla Hospital. Th~y , said he co~d not tell him anything, f where ilnd why he was detained and .decided the best way of estabhshmg met .other VlCtlnlS -of the Tweefontem M ake . . d hyheshouldnotbereleased. · · thewhereaboutsofmy·son.wastolook .attack who said four·.people :had· ny msat · . ·According to an affidavit by . a for him myself." · already be.en discharged, but the "He then told me that 1t was people

like Thomas who burnt houses and people and that if I insisted on seeing my son.and didn't move off, he·would·

. arrest me:and fine me R20 000. I thus left Cullinan Police Station uncertain as to whether my son was there or not." . · Mnyakeni approached ·the.

I. Bronkhorstspruit .police that

afternoon ·and, although they were · · more helpful, they did not have

iii_ Thomas's name on their lists. Ill! On June· 18 he went to 'the Verena ~ police station, •Only to be told his son ~ was not in those cells either. ~ Mnyakeni said he retumed to work 1t the following day, but his wife, :_:~,.i_· .relatives and O'Leary continu.ed the · search, approaching .the .... Kwaggafontein police station ·sev~ral . ·· times, notifying the Ndzundza tnbal

office and looking for Thomas among the bodies in the Bronkhorstspruit mortuary.

A number of other youths who had been missing since· June 12 were released from detention on August 11 -and 12, but Thomas was not among them. ·

-·-'' .f

· ·· -~teve KananO:viii' of.Johannesburg 's i Legal Resources Centre approached

the South Afri~;an Police Commissioner who said Thomas had not been detained under . the

I'. Emergency regulations. The ·

KwaNdebele Police said "Thomas \ MI:~yakeni was never detained in the t KwaNdebele ·."area" and the ~. KwaNdebele Department of. Health, i! Welfare and Pensions said they had [ treated no one by that name. · . . r "T'he onfY"orea"kthrougn caine--'" "' • recently, when O'Leary tracked down

Jabulani Zulu, who was detained in KwaNdebele's KwaggaJontein Police · Station from July 9 to 31, after a member of the Imbokoto, who w.as travelling in an SA Defence Force buffel, allegedly pointed him out to the soldiers .

In his·arfidavit, Jabulani said he and fellow detainees had amused themselves by taking turns playing with a .pair of dice he had with him when he was arrested. Female prisoners, who could walk around more freely, would take the dice from .cell to cell as he called out the number. On about July 15 he had called to a friend in cell number four and a person who said he;: was Thomas Mnyakeni answered and helped him find the detainee who wanted the dice.

The foiTo~ing day, Jabulani said;· while waiting with the other Emergency detainees to be examined by a white doctor, he had asked some· of the youths who Thomas Mnyakeni was.· They had :pointed out "a boy wearing clothes which were in il bad

:condition. He was.slightly taller than ·pme~" ~

Jabulani was . subsequently transferred to Paxton police cells and released on August 12. However, he said he knew of at least one detainee who had refused to leave Kwaggafontein and had been allo~ed to remain behind. '-

In his founding affidavit Jakob Mnyakeni said while it had been 'several months since Thomas's disappearance, the court case was of the "utmo&t urgency in that I and my family 'are desperate to know where my son is and to secure his freedom.

"We did not approach the court at an earlier stage, as I believed sufficient evidence had to be found to establish who had been in contact with my son. The area of KwaNdebele is widespread and the violence .. . has · unfortunately not ended. It accordingly takes a longtime to trace and fmd people."

·.·.collect'backgrourid material that would . pro~ote :dlsu~ity iri' ~lack o;gai:)isa.~ons r · .

generally; The tnformauon was to be used in, : official J)U~li~()nS_ and. given to nc:~-spapersY .• · .. ·• Establish: personal contact with :trade

· .. ·union J~~rs~to. casi-slispidcm- on:. UDF­iriitia~iveS: to work· with the unions; .by. ~ing outtbe c9.st ot:tJDf.affiliation. ' c · - •

. . :c•:A~_-·to help restriCt wor:k .stay.a:Ways~,, _,consum~r 'boycotts ·and o~ei· trade u~~ cactivitieS'thr.ough ,c'cintact·: with leaaeki:>f ;.

' e.offiinerce:~d.indusiry, the piacillg-()f· .. suitable ·arucles m local. newspapers .and the. showingcOff'llms and videos. ' ·· ·. · ·.: •lgeptif)':colouied and· Indian lead~;--as well:as.s.portsmen~wh~ Were- diSsatisfied with·· · · the anti7aP~lieictSacos,;and report on their . .. : eircu~tances ~ re.qui-ntL ,:· -. · ·

.. · .·•Encoll_tilge .politicaL~ivisionsln. locaL ·:comnitlnitieS: ; :and · use

~~t.~~%~f~~:~~i~~~j~~~~.;·'·;; ';• ::_,;_·Th~ef~~~m:_r·~ .. :_·-·gnt_:_~_·m~v·_:o:1 __ ._·.~.8_·_;~~Ded_!t_~_P_1

_1·_in~t-.~-·-·-···-··--······:_. __ .• _._· 1· -···· groups:;TJ:I~ .e~id;~ce--~~gg~s thaft~e- . r-,- v..u _ ,......~_, ...

qu!~rig.Jlegiltin:aate;CJi:I])_Q_:_>i_li_! '!n~1_t_c:i ''_t b .. •~_' _:~_~ __ i_~-~-ial,' .:.~~~~;c~/:auJd~i~~~f~;: .. ·. · ··~Fo~i~:Affai~·:o:c~ls,; ~vcn.:·:·• · ,.

"s~~m:pat,hc1tic"· ,!:·~t•i"? =~a.~:~ :!~F~~i· .. Officials were' also. ins~ecl.to contrast / Affarrs.b¢f.o~:D'ioyjng ~across-to· bead·.-... , ·

the new constitution to UDF policy in order- the Bu~:for-I~fo~ati~~:/ .:. · .• •' · .. • ·. · to diScredit the UDf..·· · . · .. _:, : • .' -. ·. - Buiiriucli. of the :work ·~as done •.

Jm~~<&-:Wl.u_~_··· · ··-· Thcy·,were·toJd . .t9: · ., . · . · througJJ i:he coliltrovers~~~ JMCs, ' · , :·; :;: .. : elnforin··people~·about :thc~-~nnections- .·. . . which. are wid~ly. su~pected to •be'

1uestionh~a.vc~•fioro~=xamJ'le-,•·~en·t01d.tlo-r.ai~-~~-: > · ~;~etween UDF J_eaders ~If· ~subversive. . .. ·.·· .. · · giving _the ~ji,curity~ :Forces .' D;n . . ., jn,prdc.r to Jlromo~e- djs~~~--: ·.• ·. · · · . !ll~r~asi~~jnflu~nce .on· the: making·

L!:::::~-=~~~i2~;~~~~~~.:!!f~·~·~·~JgJ~-~~i....._~~~~..;;~.:~.. and iinplementation .ordecisionslirail · ·:··.·.··::-; .• ·. >r . ;··.:._ -~ ,;,_._·: ..... : <:·:.::·:···'~.··-;..~··· .. ~ .. , ..

...... ,,.,, ..... A laWyer in exile

'We want to forget about race,' Oliver Tambo, president of the African

National Congress, tells Victor Mallet

0 LIVER TAMBO, President National Executive which in­of the African National eludes a lar¥e number-perhaps

Congre-ss (ANC), is a ~~~ ~e~~!~~: isc:::':~:~ far <;n' from the archetypal munist. A devout Christian, he guerrilla leader. The man at represents the more moderate, the helm of the most important black nationalist element with­organisation seeking ·to ~ver- in the ANC. throw the South Afncan .. Government is a greying, be- So how important is the spectacled lawYer with three SACP, one of the most hard-line

t tu Communist parties in the world? children who yearns I! Te r:n As· Mr Botha likes to point out, home from exile and see hiS old friends. .its membership has ·ctverlapped

with tbat of the ANC since the " I will be 70 next year, but party's formation in 1921, and

I feel quite young," he says, its members sit on the ANC's voicing guarded optimism that ruling body, the National Execu­the often bloody battle against tive Committee. They are un­his country's recalcitrant white . doubtedly inftuential, and their rulers will be won in his life- ultimate goal would surely not time. Mr Tambo has no lllu- be the multi-party democracy or sions about the difficulty of his the mixed economy which Mr task. " If it lasts one year...:.. Tambo and his black nationalist wonderful. It it lasts two years . colleagues advocate. .,..;.. good. But . we are ready ultimately for a protracted "I don't know what iheir : struggle. · The most we say is future role is," says Mr Tambo. · that victory is in sight." · · "Tbis ·is. something ·the part~

"We consider," he adds must decide. They are an inde­quietly, "that between this nendent body. They accept tbe , moment and. victory there is· .. Freedom Charter (the ANC' s going to be a very, very bitter. main policy document) and . conflict, a great deal of destruc- · · therefore accept the kind ~~ · tion, destruction of lives. We South Af':"ica the ANC env:~-. · are at the beginning. of that ._ages, and 1n a democratic Soutt. process. I think it is going .to .. Afr!c!l they. will . press their be a very sad period." . · . . polic1es . democratically. They

The ANC itself is no more of · will conbnu!! to have their own an upstart than its ·leader. objectives b~e everybody el~e. Founded in 1912-before the. Then there Wilt be other parties­white Natio.nal Party of Prest- .:•~so." ' · · . · · · .. , dent P. W. Botha-the multi-.·· · Mr Tall).bo, certain of an AN\.. racial . ANC grappled ·with . victory in a free general elec-. apartheid for. decades before it tion, acknowledges that ANC · was outlawed and turned to · members who also carry Com· • violence a _quarter of a ce!Jtury munist Party cards could ~nd · ago. It lias been thrust into the U?-emselves · in a political · limelight by the recent explo- (luandary if the alliance breaks sion of violence ,in South· up and the two· Jn'OUPs 2'0 their : Africa's black township and by . separate ways after such an renewed international· interest election. in the fate of the cou,ntry, rich The Freedom · .Charter to in gold and· other minerals, which Mr Tambo refers, th~ which dominates the southern foundation of the ANC's noli· end of the continent. cies, is a document vague

Supplied with weapons by the enough to satisfy the organlsa­Soviet Union and closely allied 'tion's polltlcally diverse SUP• to and intertwined with the pro- porters-and to worry business­Moscow South African Com- men and ·others who try to munist Party (SACPt the ANC . interpret it. Drawn up in 1955, has yet' to eonvince' the con- .it .says m,at tthe ~at!-on!~ .. wealth servativ~ ,go\lernments of the Will be ~~;,t«»;';<tbe;:<PeOPle Western· world that its version and the land redivided. amone: of South Africa will be better those who work·· it. Mines and 'than Mr Botha's-and better ·banks and "monopoly industry". than the one-party states which' will be nationalised. "There abound in the rest of Africa. shall be houses, security and

The ANC for its part believes comfort," it says. "Rent and in a .multi-party system, says Mr prices shall be lo~ered . • ,; • Tambo; .but "if the people, may- ·and no one shall go hunJU"Y. be over a period, feelthe·multi· One after another, .white party system is not ·working out, .South African politicians, busi­then it's for them to take the nessmen and students have necessary decision." Whatever faced the wrath of Mr Botha's happens, though, racist parties Government. by trekking to will not be allowed. Zambia, where the ANC has its

"Tambo, Tambo," chant the headquarters, to seek guldan~ children at the mass funerals of on this and other issues from riot victims in South Africa's Mr Tamba and .his fellow ANC dustv townships, shouting in leaders. "In fact the Freedom the ·same . breath "viva com~ Charter envisages a mixed munism" and "viva the spirit of economy," says· Mr Tambo. Karl Marx." But the linkage Is "There will be partial nationali­not appropriate. Although Mr sation, which is nothing strange Tambo presides over an ANC in South Africa. The state Is

• Personal file 1917. Bom In Easte...; Pondoi~nd in the Cape, son of a. peasa'ftt farmer, 1941 BSc from the (black) Unlvenlty of Fort Hare. 1943 joiM the ANC. . 1949 ·Becomes a member of ANC National ExecutiYe. 1952 Opens South Africa's fint. African legal firm, In partnenhlp·wlth

life-long friend Nelson Mandela. . . . 1954 1956

Declared a " banned " penon for two yean. · Charged with high treason along with other ANC leaden: charges later dropped. Acceptod as candidate for priesthood of

1959 1960 1967

Anellcan Church (an ambition he never fulfilled). ..- · '' Banned a second time, for flye yean. Flees South Africa to head ANC In exile •. Becomes act,lne president, later president, of ANC.

--------~~~~~~~~~~~~--~-----·

. very much irtvolved in the · economy already. The ditfe­

rence may be one· of degree." But he goes· on to talk of the

" vast weal,th which is .In the control of a few, as atalnst

·the vast majority who have no access to that we.alth. This gulf has got to be bridged by some methods. We have· diftered :with the business community on· this . but they accept that th~···plf has to ·be bridged. ·,

"No government of a future South Africa could be sure of staying iJi power if it did no­thing about these gaping differ­ence." . Nevertheless, the timing and the extent of nationalisation would be de-..'' cided democratically. ''We don't"' say it's going to happen· the next day after we come into power. It won't be an issue for fighting. It can be an 'issue for debate."

Nationalisation · may be the least of -the problems facing a future black South African government. The armed forces and the civil service are domi· nated. by whites; more specifi· can:v by ·Afrikaners, imbued With raCism and taught to fear the . 1wart Qevaar, or ~lack menace. Millions of blacks have been forcibly removed from their homes in the name of. apartheid policies •:which ·,,alio­cated ·only 13 per· cent of . the. land to over 70 per.. cent of the population. ·

White professionals and skil· led workers have been leaving South Africa in droves for the security· , of Aus~a;i·-' Britain

g~'~"efJl~M~;; ~:~ · Tambo. But years of inequality in. housing and education .must be rectified. · '

"Sometimes," says Mr Tambli with a sigh as he considers the probable birth pangs of post- • apartheid South Afrtca, "it is l

said that the experience of ' · African countlries becomes more

ddfficult after independence than before. Before. independe.nce, you are all agreed, you are all united about what you want. As soon as it comeis, you have ·got to relate to interna1Jional prob­lems, intense regional probleDIS and internal problems which have become your i<gacy."

The ANC, of course, ha;-mo~ immediate tasks than plotting

·the course of a future South Afric~ Despite a publicly stated policy of trying to avoid civdlian oas~ltles, ANC guerrillas have repeatedly killed innocent black and white South Africans wi:th bombs in public places. Yet Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nat!lon),. the mllltary wdng of the ANC, has little hope of mounting . a serious ·armed cha!lenge to_ Pretoria; And . critics have questioned the ANC's ability to control ·what often appear to tie spontaneoJIS or !~ally Ol'Janised ·outbreaks:· .of Violence iJi black townsb.iTis, although it has a network inside the . c:ountty and commands .mass1ve support among blacks.

Mr Tambo wa8 once a teacher and he furrows his brow when IISked about the value of school boycotts and the radical slogan "liberation before education." :ae is determined to overthrow the South African Government If n~ -by. crlpp~ th~ economy with . ·international economic sancliions, by· waging guerrilla warfare and by mak· ing the town&hips ungoVernable. But Mr Tambo and the ANC are prepared to negotiate-about the transfer of power-and M.ve not ruled out comPI'ODiile ·solu­tioll6 ldke the LancaiPI:er Bouse. ~ement ~.ave.~!Jadepea. dence to~~ ..... ,,,; guaranteeirli"mtli"~O"'"-aeali n the 100-sel!t parUament for a limlted"period. · .· .·., . · ,. .

Looking further ahead· Mr .Tambo hOPes that black. bitter­ness. will not be ao great as. to

. inspire an urge to hunt down Mr Botha and bli. colleque.s and PUnish them.· · . · · ..

The jailed ANC ieader.Nelson ~andel~o. was -a partner W!Jth Mr Tambo iJi SoUth Africa's first African legal ftnn and :1s a lifelong· friend - and other politi~ prisoners. will be wel· comed irito the bosom of the ANC, .he says. But COI!Bervatl\Te ·, Zulu Chlief Mangosuthu "Gatsha" !.

· · Buthelezl-an old family friend ' of Mr Tambo and a former ANC member-Is dismissed · as ·a r~ional, not a nationlil, leader.

• It's a very powerful dream " says Mr Tambo of his vision of the future, "because we want to see the opposite of what we are exper!encing and what we have experienced.

"We envisage a society where­. in everyo~e regards himself as a South Afr1can. We are Africans: W:~ have been taught to distin­guish between Africans and Europeans, between whites and blacks .. We have been brought up _as dllf~rent types. of animals w~.1ch cant get ·along together.

We want to be all Africans to . forget about the factor of skm colour, even race. For sure we have got different raciai and ethnic origins but those· should enrich our society rather . than ensure its conflicts. I think.j when once the real South Africa as we want it begins to emerge the pr~cess _of mutual accept: ance will be a short one."

::

' . '· I

B?tha Speech·Le.ads Baclclash THE WASHINGTON POST ' A20 SATURDAY, Novr:mJER 22, 1986

Iri S. __ Africa Against _Sanctions While U.S. officials stress that ,

the backlash so far amounts to more· I of a ripple than a tide, they say that as the bite of sanctions and disin· vestment makes itself felt more on South Africa's already weakened economy-and if new punitive mea· sures are imposed by Congress­anti-Americanism could" increase, particularly within the far right of the country's political spectrum.

By William Claiborne · W"shington PO$t Forei~:tn Servit:e

JOHANNESBURG, Nov. 21-President Pieter W. Botha stepped to the forefront of a growing anti­American backlash against sanc­tions today by lashing out at "revolt· ing" U.S. "interference" in South Africa's domestic affairs.

In his strongest condemnation yet of the punitive sanctions adopt­ed by Congress on Oct. 2, Botha directed his "anger at an attempt by the U.S. Agency for International Development to investigate health and nutrition conditions in the os­tensibly independent tribal "home­lands" created as part of South Af. rica's apartheid system of racial separatien.

Botha's speech at the opening of a medical center here is part of a growing and potentially volatile backlash that has begun to surface

Controversy over the U.s.· aid to black activists has been heightened by a report by the Institute of Amer­ican Studies at Johannesburg's Rand Afrikaans University, which said Washington plans to spend $90 miJ­lion to $130 million next year to move South Africa away from apart­heid. U.S. officials estimate $40 mil­lion will be sperit on the projects next year. The report said, "The purpose is to assist in the termination of the present political system in South Af­rica and to create what is termed to be a nonracial democracy."

Carl Noffke, director of the insti­tute, who has been in the forefront of a campaign· against the U.S. aid pro· jects, said, "These projects are far more dangerous to the future of this

here. Letters to the editors and ed­itorials in Afrikaans . and· English­language newspapers have become increasingly anti-American, and of­ficials at the U.S. Embassy andre· Jated agencies report receiving .anonymous and abusive telephone calls from angry South Africans.

Unsigned "Yankee .Go Home" handbills denouncing the United States have appeared at the homes of American diplomats and in shop­ping center parking Jots.

"IBM is bankrupt. GM is bank­rupt. Politics is a good excuse for bankrupt companies," read one leaf­let referring to two firms that have recently announced they would sell their subsidiaries here to local in­terests. "Hypo_s:risy is cheap~r by the dollar," read another.

Botha's speech today follows an announcement Monday by Foreign Minister Roelof (Pik) Botha that he

See SOUTH AFRICA, A20, Col. 1

country than are the direct punitive sanctions imposed by the United States.". .

Noffke said the package of 150 American human rights projects here "has no other objective" but promot­ing a black majority government here.

SOUTH AFRICA, From Al

had refused a visa to a U.S. AID official scheduled to visit here to complete a study. of malnutrition and starvation mandated by Con­gress as part of its sanctions pack­age. A U.S. official here called the visa denial "the first dart'' in what could become a series of diplomatic countersanctions aimed·at the Unit-ed States. ·

"There could well be more of the same." The atmosphere· is bitter in some quarters" of the South African government, the official said.

President Botha today called the planned malnutrition study "insult­ing'' and "revolting," adding that "the U.S. government should be under n6 illusions whatsoever .that we wilJ tolerate such blatant hos­tility and interference in our domes-tic affairs." ·

• Although there have been no or­ganized anti-American demonstra­tions since sanctions were imposed, one American official said that as South Africa's sense of isolation increases, the midtown U.S. Em­bassy in Pretoria could become a focal point of protests.

The resentment, he said; has been fueled by growing objections to a controversia1 U.S. aid program providing at least $26 million this year to various black activist pro­jects and, according to the language of the sanctions act. adopted Oct. 2, to the "victims of apartheid. n

President Botha. has said apart­heid is "outmoded" and that the government is embarked on a pro­gram of reforms. The U.S. Con· gress, declaring that the reforms are cosmetic and intended to per­petuate white minority rule, im­posed the sanctions with a threat of further punitive measures if signif­icant steps are not taken to disman­tlr, apartheid.

Tension. over the antiapartheid aid, which includes scholarships to hundreds of blacks seen as becoming this country's leaders in the next decade, and legal fees for black ac­tivists charged with subversion, be­gan to rise at the end of September, when outgoing U.S. ambassador Herman Nickel issued a flurry of an­nouncements about project funding.

One U.S. official in Pretoria said that while Nickel's spate of an·

nouncements was interpreted by some South Africans as an intensi- · fication of antiapartheid pressure timed to coincide with the Oct. 2 sanctions measure, in fact they re­f!ecteG. nothing more than a normal breakthrough in a backlog of bu­reaucratic paperwork at the end of the U.S. fiscal year, in which AID officicils in \Vashington processed a number of project zpprova!s aE at once to meet ?. dead!ine. '

joined the chorus of condemnation, terming the U.S. aid program "bla­tant political interference and ob· viously aimed at the destruction of the existing political structure of · this country." . . -

toria, could be forced to wait well into next year to formally take up his duties; diplomatic analysts said.

They also observed that the South. African government most likely would be watching with inter­est the steps Perkins makes in es­tablishing contacts with black lead­ers here. He told his Senate confir­mation hearing that he intended to 'seek permission to meet with i'el­son I\1andela, the imprisoneG leader of the .Airican Natio:1al CcngrE:ss, the n:ain g'..!erriHa force seeking to er.d white rule in South Piricc.

The state-owneC South .4f~ican Bro?.dc?.sting Cor~·. hat- joined the ~tta_cks (l.~ainst e.s. ac_tions, c~,c.!"g­mg m ramo commentanes that rad­iccd u~ions'' a:-e getting most of the U.S. funding· o: labor orgar:i;::ati8~s here.

One indicator of hoi• deep the South African government resent­ment over U.S. antiapartheid mea­sures runs could be the length of time it takes Botha to 2ccept the credentials of the new U.S. ambas­sador to South Africa, Edward J, Perkins, who arrived here Tuesday.

The progove!'nn;ent English-Jan· · guage ~c.ily ·The Cit:zen recer:r!:~· editorially critized as .. objccticnc­ble'' Perkins' dppoir:tmellt ''for the: color of a man's skin."

The Conserv?.tive Party hzs

f~orr:J.ally, ambassc:dorial credtna tials are received about two weeks after the arri\'ai of an envoy, but eve:1 ju;iiOr dipiorr:ats \Vho arrived as e2.rly as August have not yet been issued· thei=- dipiomatic iden­tity cards by the Foreign !'tlinistry. Traditionzlly, So~th African gova ernment functions· slov: tc a cra··l)-'1 uring December, end Per~:ins, the first b!ack U.S. amb2ssador to Pre-

"Ur:fc:-tunately, with the policy of constn:ctive .e~g2ge~e~:. :o.n:ir.g t? an e:~d, [Pen:msl ~-llt I:nc n1s. tast: even more diffic~lt,'! it addeq.

ECSA 339 Lafayette Street -: '·\

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