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Kim Jong Il: On the Juche Idea

Treaties sent to the National Seminor on the Juche Idea held to mark the 70th birthday of the

Great Leader Comrade Kim Il Sung ar! "#$ #%&'

Preface

1 THE ORIGIN OF THE JUCHE IDEA

2 THE PHILOSOPHICAL PRINCIPLE OF THE JUCHE IDEA

3 THE SOCIO-HISTORICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE JUCHE IDEA

4 THE GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF THE JUCHE IDEA

5 THE HISTORIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE JUCHE IDEA

Preface

We will soon welcome the 70th birthday of the leader.

It is very significant that to mar his 70th anniversary! we are holding a "ational #eminar on the

Juche Idea.

$his seminar has assessed with %ride the ideological and theoretical achievements made by theleader in leading our revolution and construction for more than half a century! and has

%owerfully demonstrated again the greatness and correctness of the Juche idea.

$he Juche idea is the %recious fruit of the leader&s %rofound! wides%read ideological and

theoretical activities! and its creation is the most brilliant of his revolutionary achievements.

'y creating the great Juche idea! the leader o%ened u% a new road leading to victory in therevolution before the woring class and the masses of the %eo%le! and brought about a historic

turn in the fulfillment of the revolutionary cause of the %eo%le.

$he history of the Korean revolution %ioneered and led by the leader is a glorious history whichrecords the s%lendid a%%lication and over(all victory of the great Juche idea.

$he Juche idea re%resents an invariable guiding idea of the Korean revolution and a great

revolutionary banner of our time. )t %resent! we are confronted with the honorable tas of

modeling the whole society on the Juche idea.

$he ob*ective of this historic cause is to com%lete our revolution which has develo%ed andtrium%hed under the banner of Juche idea.

In order to reali+e this cause! all Party members and woring %eo%le should clearly understand

the truth of the Juche idea! and thin and act strictly in accordance with its re,uirements.
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Only when one is firmly armed with the Juche idea and advances under its banner! would it be

%ossible to emerge victorious in the revolution and construction! surmounting all difficulties and

trials.

his is the conviction which our %eo%le have ac,uired through the history of revolutionary

struggle s%anning over half a century.

)vailing myself of the o%%ortunity %rovided by this meeting of social scientists and theoretical

%ro%agandists from all over the country who gathered here to debate on the Juche idea and itsgreat victory on the eve of the 70th anniversary of the leader&s birthday! I would lie to refer to

the ,uestions related to the %rinci%les of the Juche idea .

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) %rogressive idea %lays an im%ortant role in socio(historical %rogress. When the %o%ular massesare guided by a %rogressive idea! they can be a %owerful creator of history. Of course! it does not

mean that all %rogressive ideas %lay the same role in socio(historical develo%ment. $heir role is

different according to how they re%resent the as%irations and interests of the %o%ular masses and

how correctly they show the %ath which must be followed in struggle. $here were ideas whichreflected the as%irations of %rogressive classes of society even before the emergence of the

woring class. 'ut due to their historical and class limitations the trends of thought in the %ast

age could not but be ham%ered in the role they %layed in social develo%ment. $he revolutionaryideas of the woring class alone can correctly reflect the demands of the time and the as%irations

of the %o%ular masses and give a %owerful stimulus to socio(historical develo%ment by ins%iring

the %eo%le to wage the revolutionary struggle.

$he revolutionary ideas of the woring class are originated by distinguished leaders.

It can be said that the history of the communist movement s%anning a hundred and scores of

years is a history of woring(class leaders creating and develo%ing revolutionary ideas! a history

in which these ideas have been a%%lied to transform the world. In the mid(-6th century ar8 and

/ngels %ro%ounded ar8ism. $hus they highlighted the historical mission and a %ath ofliberation that had to be followed by the woring class that a%%eared on the arena of struggle and

stimulated the fight against ca%ital! ushering in the rise of the international communist

movement. 9enin develo%ed ar8ism and advanced 9eninism in accordance with the newhistorical conditions whereby ca%italism had entered the %hase of im%erialism! with the result

that he ins%ired the woring class and the rest of the %eo%le to the struggle to destroy im%erialiststrongholds and to achieve freedom and liberation. $his mared the beginning of transition fromca%italism to socialism.

Our leader created the great Juche idea after ac,uiring a dee% insight into the re,uirements of a

new era when the o%%ressed and humiliated masses of the %eo%le became masters of their own

destiny. $hus he develo%ed their struggle for 4ha*usong onto a higher %lane and o%ened u% theage of Juche! a new era in the develo%ment of human history.


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$he revolutionary idea of the woring class emerges as the reflection of the mature demand of

history and the revolution in their develo%ment.

When the leader embared on the road of revolution! a new develo%ment was taing %lace in thestruggle of the woring class and the %o%ular masses against e8%loitation and o%%ression. On the

world arena! the influence of socialism! which had won its first victory! grew strong! and therevolutionary struggle of the woring class and the liberation struggle of the %eo%les in colonies

and semi(colonies were intensified shar%ly. In an attem%t to sto% the revolutionary advance ofthe masses and weather the serious %olitical and economic crises they were %assing through! the

im%erialists further increased their %lunder and o%%ression of the %eo%le. In many countries

contradictions and antagonism between revolution and counter(revolution were intensified! andthe masses of the %eo%le whose sovereign rights had been tram%led down for a long time rose u%

in a struggle for their class and national liberation. ) new age was a%%roaching! in which the

revolutionary movement made %rogress in a broad and diversified way on a worldwide scale.

In order to advance the revolution under the new historical conditions! the woring class and the

%eo%le of every country! conscious of being the masters! had to solve all %roblems in accordancewith their actual situation. In our country! this was a %articularly im%ortant matter because of the

%eculiarities of historical develo%ment and the com%le8ity and arduousness of the revolution.$he Korean revolution demanded more urgently that the %o%ular masses hew out the %ath of

revolution in an inde%endent and creative manner.

$he Juche idea was created on the basis of such a %ractical re,uirement of the Korean revolution.

$he revolution is a struggle to meet the masses& desire for inde%endence by enlisting theirstrength. It is a struggle of the masses to free themselves. When they are armed with the

revolutionary idea and united into an organi+ed %olitical force! the masses can emerge victorious

in the revolution. $he duty of revolutionaries is to go among the %o%ular masses! masters of the

revolution. to educate! organi+e! and ins%ire them to a struggle. $he revolutionary forces! too!should be trained from among the masses! and all %roblems arising in the revolutionary struggle

should liewise be resolved in reliance on their wisdom and strength.

owever! the communists and nationalists who were allegedly engaged in the national(liberationmovement in our country in the -60&s gave no thought to the need to go among the masses to

educate! organi+e! and arouse them into waging a revolutionary struggle. 'ut divorced from the

masses they were only engrossed in the scramble for hegemony and em%ty tals. $hey did notunite the masses but divided them by factional stride.

In the first years of his revolutionary struggle! the leader saw through their mistaes and too a

road different from theirs! the genuinely revolutionary road which led him to be among the

masses and to rely on them in the struggle. e elucidated the truth that the masters of therevolution! are the masses of the %eo%le and that when one goes among them to educate and

mobili+e them one will be able to register in the revolution. $his is one of the starting %oints of

the Juche idea.

$he revolution in each country should be carried out res%onsibly by its own %eo%le! the masters!in an inde%endent manner! and in a creative way suitable to its s%ecific conditions. 4ha*usong


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and creativeness are the inherent re,uirements of a revolutionary movement! the communist

movement.

$he Korean revolution which o%ened the age of Juche could not advance even a ste% forwardunless it was conducted in an inde%endent and creative way from the start. It was a difficult and

com%le8 revolution which had to deal with the tass of the anti(im%erialist! national(liberationrevolution! with formidable Ja%anese im%erialism as the target! and those of the anti(feudal!

democratic revolution simultaneously. It was an arduous revolution which had to hew out anuntrodden %ath.

What is worse! a strong tendency towards fluneyism a%%eared in those days within our anti(

Ja%anese national(liberation movement and communist movement to ham%er the advance of therevolution. $he nationalists and self(styled ar8ists followed the evil %ractices of fluneyism

and factional strife which had resulted in the country&s ruin in the %ast. $hey did not try to carry

out the revolution by their own initiative but dreamed of achieving inde%endence by de%ending

on foreign forces. )t that time! those who were allegedly engaged in the communist movement

formed their own %arty grou%s and called fre,uently at the 4omintern to gain its recognition.)nd they endeavored to imitate mechanically established theories and e8%erience of others!

without taing into consideration the historical conditions and s%ecific realities in our countrywhere a colonial and semi(feudal society was in e8istence. In this way! fluneyism and

dogmatism were very serious obstacles in the way of revolution.

5rawing on serious lessons derived from such fluneyism and dogmatism! the leader clarified

the truth that a revolution should be carried out not by anyone&s a%%roval or instruction but byone&s own conviction and on one&s own res%onsibility and that all %roblems arising in the

revolution should be solved in an inde%endent and creative way. $his is another starting %oint of

the Juche idea.

)s stated %reviously! the leader advanced the Juche idea! a new revolutionary idea! on the basisof %ractical e8%erience and lessons gained in the revolutionary struggle.

$he leader has conducted ideological and theoretical activities invariably based on the

revolutionary %ractice! and develo%ed and enriched the revolutionary idea and theories in the

course of giving answers to %roblems arising in the revolutionary %ractice. Only on the basis ofrevolutionary %ractice can one a%%ly e8isting theories in accordance with the interests of the

revolution and actual conditions in one&s own country and search for new truths and create new

ideas and theories.

In his early years of revolutionary activities! the leader was well versed in ar8ism(9eninism.'ut he did not confine himself to a%%lying ar8ism(9eninism to the Korean revolution but

%ioneered a new %hase of revolutionary theory from a steadfast Juche(based stand%oint and

resolved the %roblems arising in the revolutionary %ractice from a uni,ue angle. $he leaderdiscovered the truth of Juche idea in the course of the struggle against bigoted nationalists and

bogus ar8ists! fluneyists and dogmatists! while hewing out a new %ath for the revolution.

2inally! he e8%lained the %rinci%les of the Juche idea at the eeting of 9eading Personnel of the;oung 4ommunist 9eague and the )nti(Im%erialist ;outh 9eague held at Kalun in June -6


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and %ut forward a Juche(oriented line for the Korean revolution. $his was a historical event

which heralded the creation of the Juche idea and the birth of& the Juche(oriented revolutionary

line. )t the time of disorder when national reformism! =9eft= and ight o%%ortunism and allother unsound ideas were %revailing! the leader still in his teens gained an insight into the trend

of the times! the desire of the %eo%le and the law of historical develo%ment e8%ounded the truth

of Juche and thus o%ened the road of inde%endent develo%ment for our revolution.

$he Juche idea has been %erfected as the guiding idea of revolution in our age in the %ractice ofthe Korean revolution.

$he guiding idea of revolution cannot be made %erfect by one effort at a moment. It emerges

through the generali+ation of e8%erience in the revolutionary struggle! on the basis of theconditions of the times and history> it becomes %erfect as an integrated ideological and

theoretical system when its truthfulness is verified and its content is enriched during the

%rotracted struggle.

$he leader led to victory the revolutionary struggles at different stages and the wor in all fieldsof %olitics! economy! culture and military affairs. In this course! he himself gained a wealth of

%recious e8%erience and generali+ed it to steadily develo% the Juche idea in a %rofound manner.

$he history of the leader who has led the arduous Korean revolution for more than ?0 years! is a

history in which he created the Juche idea and %erfected it as a uni,ue ideological and theoreticalsystem in the great revolutionary %ractice. )s stated %reviously! the Juche idea emerged on the

basis of the re,uirements of a new age when the masses of the %eo%le a%%eared as the masters of

history and of a rich e8%erience gained in the revolutionary struggle. #o it has become the greatguiding idea of revolution in our age.

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$he Juche idea is a new %hiloso%hical thought which centres on man. )s the leader said! the

Juche idea is based on the %hiloso%hical %rinci%le that man is the master of everything anddecides everything. $he Juche idea raised the fundamental ,uestion of %hiloso%hy by regarding

man as the main factor! and elucidated the %hiloso%hical %rinci%le that man is the master of

everything and decides everything.

$hat man is the master of everything means that he is the master of the world and of his owndestiny> that man decides everything means that he %lays the decisive role in transforming the

world and in sha%ing his destiny.

$he %hiloso%hical %rinci%le of the Juche idea is the %rinci%le of man(centred %hiloso%hy whiche8%lains man&s %osition and role in the world. $he leader made it clear that man is a social being

with 4ha*usong! creativity and consciousness.


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an! though material e8istence! is not a sim%le material being. e is the most develo%ed

material being! a s%ecial %roduct of the evolution of the material world.

an was already outstanding as he emerged from the world of nature. e e8ists and develo%s bycogni+ing and changing the world to mae it serve him! whereas all other material lives maintain

their e8istence through their subordination and ada%tation to the ob*ective world.

an holds a s%ecial %osition and %lays a s%ecial role as master of the world because he is a social

being with 4ha*usong! creativity and consciousness. $he leader gave a new %hiloso%hicalconce%tion of man by defining 4ha*usong! creativity and consciousness as the essential features

of man! the social being.

4ha*usong! creativity and consciousness are man&s social ,ualities which tae sha%e and develo%

socially and historically.

an alone in the world lives and conducts activity in social relationshi%. e maintains his

e8istence and achieves his aim only socially. 4ha*usong! creativity and consciousness are%eculiar to man! the social being.

an is a being with 4ha*usong! that is! an inde%endent social being.

4ha*usong is an attribute of social man who is desirous of living and develo%ing in aninde%endent way as master of the world and his own destiny. On the strength of this ,uality! man

throws off the fetters of nature! o%%oses social sub*ugation of all forms and %uts everything at his

own service.

4ha*usong is the life and soul of man. the social being. When 4ha*usong is referred to as man&s

life and soul! it means social and %olitical integrity. an has a %hysical life and also social and%olitical integrity. $he %hysical life is what ee%s a man alive as biological organism> social and

%olitical integrity is what ee%s him alive as social being.

an is a being with creativity! that is! a creative social being.

4reativity is an attribute of social man who transforms the world and sha%es his destiny

%ur%osefully and consciously. 'y virtue of his creativity! man transforms nature and society to be

more useful and beneficial to him by changing the old and creating the new.

4reativity! lie 4ha*usong! constitutes an essential ,uality of man! the social being. 4ha*usong

finds e8%ression mainly in man&s %osition as master of the world> creativity is e8%ressed mainlyin man&s role as transformer of the world.

an is a being with consciousness! that is! a conscious social being. 4onsciousness is an

attribute of social man! which determines all his endeavours to understand and resha%e the worldand himself. 'ecause he has consciousness man understands the world and the laws of its motion

and develo%ment! resha%es and advances nature and society as he desires.


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4onsciousness guarantees the 4ha*usong and creativity of man! the social being! and ensures his

%ur%oseful cognition and %ractice. 4ha*usong! creativity and consciousness! after all! are what

enables man to be su%erior to any other being and to be the most %owerful being in the world! toa%%roach the world not fatalistically but revolutionary! not %assively but actively. and to resha%e

the world not blindly but %ur%osefully and consciously. an! the social being! who has

4ha*usong! creativity and consciousness! is %recisely the only dominator and remaer of theworld.

an cannot! of course! live outside the world> he lives and conducts his activity in the world.

"ature is the ob*ect of man&s labour and also is the material source of his life. #ociety is a

community where %eo%le live and conduct activities. "atural environments and social conditionshave a great effect on human activity. Whether natural environments are good or bad and! in

%articular! whether the %olitical and economic systems of a society are %rogressive or reactionary

(( these factors may favourably affect human endeavour to remae nature and develo% society orlimit and restrict that activity.

'ut man does not merely ada%t himself to environments and conditions. 'y his inde%endent.creative and conscious activity! man continuously transforms nature and society! changing as he

desires what does not meet his needs! and re%lacing what is outdated and reactionary with whatis new and %rogressive. $his is man&s endeavour and struggle to change and transform the world

into one that serves man better.

$he Juche idea established a man(centred outloo on the world by throwing a fresh light on the

essential characteristics of man and his %osition and role in the world. It had already been nownthat the world consists of material and changes and develo%s as a result of the motion of material.

$he Juche idea gives a new world outloo by answering the ,uestion of who is the master that

dominates nature and society and where is the force that transforms them. $hat the world is

dominated and resha%ed by man is a new view%oint on the world in relation to man.

$he Juche idea shows a new view%oint and attitude to the world! on the basis of man&s %osition

and role as master of the world.

$he view%oint and attitude to the world shown by the Juche idea are those with which the world

is a%%roached by focusing on man! the master of the world.

$aing a man(centred attitude towards the world means a%%roaching the world from the

view%oint of interests of man! the master of the world. $he world should naturally be a%%roached

from this angle because man is the master of the world. an understands and transforms the

world in order to bring everything in the world to serve him. an is the most %recious being inthe world! and his interests are more valuable than any others in the world. /verything in the

world has its value only when it serves man. $herefore! a%%roaching the world from the

view%oint of maing it serve man better is an absolutely correct view%oint and attitude to theworld. )%%roaching the world by focusing on man means dealing with the change and

develo%ment of the world mainly on the basis of the activity of man who transforms it.


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an is the most %owerful being in the world! and man alone is ca%able of transforming the

world. It is man and none of her that re, uires its transformation and %erforms this wor. an

acts u%on and transforms the world as he desires. drawing on the ob*ective laws. $he world ischanged for the benefit of man only by his energetic activity! 2or this reason! it is an absolutely

correct view%oint and attitude to the world to a%%roach its change and develo%ment from the

stand%oint of man&s %ositive activity to transform nature and society %ur%osefully andconsciously to meet his own desire.

$he Juche view%oint and attitude to the world are truly revolutionary in that they enable men to

transform the world and sha%e their destiny inde%endently! creatively and consciously! with a

high degree of awareness that they are masters of the world and their own destiny.

$he Juche world outloo which is based on the %hiloso%hical %rinci%le that man is the master of

everything and decides everything! is an absolutely correct outloo on the world in our time. )s

history advances! man&s %osition and role as master of the world is strengthened! and the e8tent

of %eo%le&s domination over the world increases daily through their inde%endent! creative and

conscious struggle. In our time the masses of the %eo%le have emerged as true masters of theworld! and through their struggle the world is being changed more and more to serve the masses.

$oday the %osition and role of the masses of the %eo%le as masters of the world are becomingmore stronger than ever before. $his reality %roves more %atently the validity and vitality of the

%rinci%le of Juche %hiloso%hy that man is the master of everything and decides everything.

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$he Juche idea clarifies the laws of historical develo%ment and social revolution. $his idea has

thrown a fresh light on the fundamental %rinci%les of the social movement! the revolutionarymovement of the woring masses who create and develo% history.

$he socio(historical %rinci%les elucidated by the Juche idea constitute a new socio(historical

outloo! the Juche outloo on history.

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$he ,uestion of the sub*ect of history is a basic ,uestion in understanding the develo%ment of

society! the develo%ment of revolution! from the attitude and %oint of view of Juche.

)s the leader instructed! the woring masses are the sub*ect of history and the motive force ofsocial %rogress.


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istory develo%s through the struggle of the masses to transform nature and society. $hat history

develo%s %recisely means that the %osition and role of the masses as the sub*ect of history are

enhanced.

$he socio(historical movement has its own %eculiar laws which are different from those of

natural motion. Of course! the social movement has something in common with the naturalmovement in that it is also a motion of material. $he social movement! too! is governed by the

universal laws of the material world. 'ut the social movement has its sub*ect! whereas there is nosuch thing in the motion of nature. In nature the motion taes %lace s%ontaneously through the

interaction of material elements which e8ist ob*ectively. In contrast! the social movement is

caused and develo%ed by the volitional action and role of the sub*ect. $he sub*ect of the socialmovement consists in the masses of the %eo%le. Without the masses there would be no social

movement itself! nor would it be concefabie to tal about historical %rogress.

$he masses of the %eo%le are the masters of revolution and construction and the decisive factor in

transforming nature and develo%ing society. $he revolutionary struggle and construction wor

are undertaings for the very masses and of the masses themselves. $he masses of the %eo%leundertae the revolution and construction for themselves in order to sha%e their destiny. It is the

masses that want the revolution and construction! and it is also the masses that carry them out.$hey %roduce all social wealth by their hands! and transform the world and advance history by

their struggle. 'ut for the creative activity of the masses! the social change and %rogress would

be inconceivable. uman history shows that the masses& wisdom and ability to understand andtransform the world are unlimited! though the sco%e of the world created and changed by each of

the generations is relatively limited.

$he %osition of the masses grows stronger and their %ower increases through the transformation

of nature and society. With the consolidation of their %osition and growth in their strength! their

%ositive action on socio(historical %rogress increases.

$he sub*ect of history is the woring masses! not the reactionary e8%loiting classes. $he woring

masses carve out and develo% history! but the e8%loiting classes try to arrest and turn bac the

historical advance. )ll e8%loiting classes! after all! constitute a reaction against history> they arethe target of revolution. $he whole course of the e8istence of class societies has been a history of

shar% struggles between the creators of history and reaction against history between the masters

of revolution and the targets of revolution! that is! between the woring masses and thereactionary e8%loiting classes. #ociety has advanced and develo%ed through these struggles.

)lthough they are the sub*ect of history! the masses of the %eo%le do not hold the same %osition

and %lay the same role in all urges and in all societies. In the class society! underlie of their social

status and class relationshi% and their strength for a long time in the %ast! the woring massescould not unite into a %olitical force. $herefore! they were de%rived of all rights! sub*ected to

e8%loitation and o%%ression! by a handful of ruling classAs and denied their legitimate %osition as

masters of society. /ven in the e8%loiting society they created all material and cultural wealth bytheir own efforts! but they were unable to sha%e history in an inde%endent manner! because they

could not occu%y the %osition of masters of society. Only by sei+ing state %ower and the means

of %roduction in their own hands and by establishing a socialist system can the woring masses


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free themselves from e8%loitation and o%%ression and create history consciously as true masters

of society and their own destiny.

In the socialist society the woring masses undergo a radical change in their status and destiny!and their %osition and role are enhanced. $his is due to the revolutionary leadershi% and struggle

of the woring class.

$he %rocess of develo%ment of a socialist society under the leadershi% of the woring class is the

%rocess of woring(classi+ing the whole society. When the whole society is resha%ed com%letelyon the %attern of the advanced woring class under its leadershi%! the %osition of the %o%ular

masses! the sub*ect of history! would be remarably stronger! and their role in %ushing forward

the historical %rogress and revolutionary develo%ment incom%arably higher.

If they are to hold their %osition and fulfill their role as sub*ect of history! the %o%ular massesmust be brought into contact with leadershi%. Only under correct leadershi%! would the masses!

though creators of history! be able to occu%y the %osition and %erform their role as sub*ect of

socio(historical develo%ment.

$he lin between leadershi% and masses is a very im%ortant ,uestion es%ecially in therevolutionary movement! the communist movement! which is carried out by the woring class

and the broad masses of other %eo%le. Without correct leadershi% the communist movement

would not advance victoriously because this movement itself is a highly conscious and organi+edone involving a serious class struggle.

$he ,uestion of leadershi% in this movement is %recisely the ,uestion of leadershi% given by the

%arty and the leader to the masses of the %eo%le.

$he woring(class %arty is the general staff of the revolution! and the leader of the woring classis the foremost leader of the revolution. ow the masses are awaened to consciousness andorgani+ed in a revolutionary way! and how they %erform their revolutionary duties and historical

mission! de%end on whether or not they are given correct leadershi% by the %arty and the leader.

Only when they receive correct guidance from the %arty and the leader! would the woring classand the masses of other %eo%le be able to vigorously develo% the dee%(going and com%licated

revolutionary struggle to transform nature and society! achieve national and class liberation!

build a socialist! communist society successfully! and run it %ro%erly.

)s the leader said! the masses of the %eo%le have now emerged as masters of history! masters of

revolution and construction! and are transforming the world more and more as they desire. $heworing %eo%le including the woring class are standing firmly in the central %lace of the

historical develo%ment of our time. undreds of millions of %eo%le who have long suffered class

and national o%%ression and e8%loitation are vigorously advancing on the road of sovereigntyand inde%endence and social %rogress and %laying a greater role in sha%ing the destiny of

humanity and the future of the world. 'ecause of this grand forward movement of our time

ca%italism and im%erialism! which has grown fat and on the blood and sweat of the woring


11/47

masses and lorded it over their destiny for centuries! is %reci%itating irreversibly into banru%tcy

and towards its downfall! dee% into the grave of history.

$he masses of the %eo%le who have become legitimate masters of their own destiny aretransforming the world and creating a new history of manind in accordance with their

as%irations. $his is the basic trend of modern history which no force can ever sto%.

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$he history of human society is the history of the struggle of the %o%ular masses to defend and

reali+e 4ha*usong.

$he leader said that all revolutionary struggles are struggles of the %o%ular masses to defend their

4ha*usong.

$hroughout the long history of human society %eo%le have ceaselessly struggled to freethemselves from the fetters of society and nature. )ll the struggles to transform society! nature

and man are struggles to defend and reali+e 4ha*usong for the masses of the %eo%le.

$he struggle for social reform is an undertaing of the masses to %rovide themselves with socialand %olitical conditions for their inde%endent life! free from class and national sub*ugation. If

they are to live and act inde%endently! %eo%le must destroy the outdated social system which

tram%les u%on 4ha*usong. Only when they wi%e out the old social institutions and set u% a socialsystem which %rovides %eo%le with 4ha*usong! will the masses of the %eo%le be able to becometrue masters of society and their destiny and lead an inde%endent life.

$he struggle to transform nature is an effort of the masses to create material conditions for an

inde%endent life! free from the bitters of nature. If %eo%le are to live and mae %rogress. they

must wor to harness nature and %roduce material wealth. Only through the transformation andcon,uest of nature can they free themselves from its fetters and %re%are material conditions for

an inde%endent life.

$he struggle to transform man is t he struggle of the masses to create ideological and cultural

conditions for an inde%endent life! free from the shacles of outdated ideas and culture. Onlywhen they are com%letely free from the shacles of ourdated ideas and culture and ac,uire the

consciousness of inde%endence and sound culture! will %eo%le be able to hold their destiny firmly

in their hands! resha%e it! and live and act genuinely as inde%endent beings.

$he transformation of society! nature and %eo%le is the main elements of the masses& struggle for

4ha*usong. an can reali+e 4ha*usong com%letely only when he is free from social bondage!

natural fetters! and the shacles of outdated ideas and culture. $he struggle for 4ha*usong should


12/47

be carried out on a full scale in all s%heres of social reform! natural transformation and human

remolding.

$he %rimary ,uestion arising in the struggle of the %o%ular masses for 4ha*usong is to reali+e4ha*usong socially and %olitically.

#ince man is a social being! 4ha*usong must first be guaranteed socially and %olitically. $his is

the ey to man&s freedom from natural fetters and also to his ideological and cultural

develo%ment. )s long as they are sub*ugatcd socially and %olitically! the masses of the %eo%lecannot ade,uately benefit from the %roductive forces! even if these are develo%ed! nor can they

be free from the bondage of reactionary ideas and culture.

$he history of human society ever since its division into hostile classes has! above all! been a

history of social revolutions to reali+e social and %olitical 4ha*usong for the %o%ular masses.$hrough social revolutions the masses have carved out their destiny and develo%ed society.

Owing to slilve revolts which were! so to s%ea. the first struggle in history of the e8%loited

woring masses for 4ha*usong! and to %easant struggles against feudalism in the iddle )ges!the slavery and the feudal system colla%sed. $hat meant %rogress in the struggle of the woring

masses for 4ha*usong. 'ut this was only a re%lacement or the chains of slavery with feudal

fetters! which in turn were re%laced with the yoe of ca%ital! not the abolition of class domination

and o%%ression itself. In the history of human society! ca%italism is the last e8%loiting systemwhich tram%les u%on the masses& as%irations and demand for 4ha*usong. It is a violently

o%%ressive system which combines class domination with national o%%resion. $he li,uidation of

the ca%italist system and establishment of a new socialist system mar a historic turning %oint inthe develo%ment of the revolutionary struggle for 4ha*usong. With the establishment of the

socialist system! all e8%loiting classes and institutions which tram%le u%on the as%irations and

demands of the masses for 4ha*usong! are abolished! and the masses are %rovided with the

necessary conditions which enable them to hold state %ower and %roduction means in their handsand lead a fully inde%endent life.

$he transformation of nature and man! along with social reform. is an im%ortant historic tas in

the struggle of the %o%ular masses for 4ha*usong.

In the whole course of develo%ment of human society! the masses of the %eo%le havecontinuously struggled to free themselves from the fetters of nature and enhance themselves

ideologically and culturally.

)t the dawn of human society! %eo%le&s creative %ower was wea! and their ideological and

cultural levels were very low. 'y their age(long hard(fought struggles the masses have increasedtheir ability to con,uer nature! enriched their nowledge! develo%ed the %roductive forces! and

steadily raised the levels of their ideological consciousness and culture. odern science and

technology! %rogressive ideas and culture which have been develo%ed by human society! arewithout e8ce%tion the result of the historical struggles of the %o%ular masses.

$he transformation of nature and man! that is! the historic cause of freeing the %o%ular masses

from the fetters of nature and outdated ideas and culture and develo%ing them to be %owerful


13/47

beings ca%able of dominating nature and real %ossessors of revolutionary ideas and culture! can

be fully undertaen and achieved with success only under socialism where the woring masses

are masters of society. 3nder socialism where the ,uestion of revolutionary change in the socialsystem has already been resolved in the struggle for 4ha*usong! the ma*or tass are to resha%e

nature and re(educate %eo%le to emanci%ate the masses! who have eliminated social o%%ression!

from the shacles of nature and outdated ideas and culture. When the wor of transformingnature and re(educating %eo%le is %ushed forward in a com%lete way on the basis of steadily

consolidating the socialist system! the 4ha*usong of the masses will be more com%letely reali+ed

in all s%heres.

$oday! the struggle to defend the masses& 4ha*usong assumes an international character. #incethe forces of im%erialism which o%%ress 4ha*usong are allied on an international scale! the

struggle to o%%ose im%erialist domination and o%%ression and defend 4ha*usong! too! cannot but

be an international undertaing. 'ecause of the community of their historical bacgrounds andinterests! the formerly o%%ressed nations and %eo%les who have been sub*ected to colonial

slavery! with their inde%endence and sovereignty downtrodden by im%erialism! are united

together on the same front of struggle to o%%ose im%erialism and defend 4ha*usong. )llcountries! all nations! and %eo%les the world over that advocate 4ha*usong must struggle *oinery!

in close unity under the revolutionary banner of anti(im%erialism and inde%endence. $his is the

only way to abolish the im%erialist world order which is based on ine,uality and full of

contradictions! and to set u% a new international relationshi% based on 4ha*usong and e,ualityamongst countries and nations.

$he age(long ceaseless struggle of the masses for 4ha*usong can win its ultimate aim by building

socialism and communism. $he struggle for socialism and communism is the highest stage of the

struggle for 4ha*usong. It is a struggle to end once and for all the e8%loitation of man by man!the o%%ression of class by class! and the domination of state by state in human society! to wi%e

out all remnants of old societies handed down through history! and to finally free the %eo%le fromtheir shacles. In a communist society the masses of the %eo%le will lead a com%letelyinde%endent life as masters of nature and society and as true masters of their own destiny.

5efending 4ha*usong is an absolute re,uirement of man as a social being and his inalienable

fundamental right. It is natural that man who regards 4ha*usong as his life and soul! combats any

encroachment on his 4ha*usong. $he %o%ular masses rise in the revolutionary struggle for4ha*usong against the o%%ressors. )nd for the sae of 4ha*usong they devote all their creative

talents and energies to building socialism and communism.

If 4ha*asong is to be defended! an inde%endent stand must firmly be maintained in the revolution

and construction. )s the leader instructed! the inde%endent stand is the fundamental stand thatmust be adhered to in the revolution and construction. #ticing to this stand is the re,uirement of

the revolutionary struggle! the struggle for 4ha*usong. $he inde%endent stand is a thoroughly

revolutionary stand! the woring(class stand. $he woring class is the most inde%endent classwhich struggles to emanci%ate itself by its own initiative and to become the master of its own

destiny. $he cause of socialism and communism is the historic cause of the woring class! aimed

at com%letely reali+ing the 4ha*usong of the masses of the %eo%le. )ny stands which are contrary


14/47

to the inde%endent stand are alien to the woring(class stand! the stand of the %o%ular masses!

and they are all harmful to the cause of socialism and communism.

$he inde%endent stand finds e8%ression in the e8ercise of the rights as masters of the revolutionand construction. $his means that the masses of the %eo%le handle all %roblems of the revolution

and construction in their interests! according to their own inde%endent *udgment and decision.$he right to deal with all these %roblems belongs solely to the %eo%le! the masters! of the country

concerned. )ll ,uestions related to the revolution and construction in al country must naturallybe dis%osed of by the *udgment and decision of the %eo%le of that country. $his is the only way

the %eo%le of each country can defend their interests and carry through their will and desire. $he

%eo%le of each country must not tolerate any foreign %ressure or interference. 2ailing to resolveone&s own %roblems by one&s own decision under %ressure or in bondage to others means losing

one&s rights as master> following will of others and acting against one&s own interests means

giving u% one&s rights as master.

$he inde%endent stand is e8%ressed in fulfilling the res%onsibility as masters. $his signifies that

the %o%ular masses resolve all ,uestions in the revolutionary struggle and construction wor ontheir own res%onsibility and initiative as benefiting masters. )s the revolution and construction

are their own undertaings! they ought to resolve all %roblems arising in these undertaings bytheir own initiative on the %rinci%le of self(reliance. One might receive aid from others in the

revolution and construction! but in any case the main thing is one&s own initiative. $rying to get

one&s own wor done by others or to get one&s own %roblem solved by others is tantamount toshiring one&s res%onsibility as master and relin,uishing one&s %osition as such. Only when one

u%holds the inde%endent stand can one always resolve the ,uestion of revolution in one&s

country! the ,uestion of one&s nation! in accordance with one&s own views and conviction and in

the revolutionary s%irit of self(reliance! and carry out the revolution and constructionsuccessfully! whatever the circumstances.

$he %eo%le of each country must not only o%%ose aggression and sub*ugation in firm defense of

their 4ha*usong! but should also fight against im%erialism and dominationism which tram%leu%on the 4ha*usong of other %eo%les. Only when one o%%oses such encroachment on one&s own

4ha*usong and the act of tram%ling u%on that of others! can one be said to be standing truly in

defense of 4ha*usong. $he revolutionary struggle of the %o%ular masses against im%erialism and

dominationism which tram%le u%on 4ha*usong! and for the victory of the cause of socialism andcommunism is steadily being strengthened and develo%ed. "othing can stem the current of

historical develo%ment which demands 4ha*usong and advances on the road of inde%endence.

"ot only today but also the future belong entirely to the %eo%le who are struggling for4ha*usong.


15/47

$he socio(historical movement is a creative movement of the %o%ular masses to transform and

change nature and society.

$he masses& activity for the inde%endent life is characteri+ed by creativity. an reali+es hisdesire in life through his creative activity.

$he ob*ects of man&s creative activity are nature and society. 'y means of his activity to

transform nature which surrounds him and to reform the society in which he lives! man creates

new material and cultural wealth and builds a new system and a new life. $he masses of the%eo%le are creators who remae and change nature and society. $hey are desirous of abolishing

the old and creating the new and have creative ability to transform nature and society.

uman history is the %o%ular masses& history of creation. #ince the beginning of human history!

the masses of the %eo%le have been con,uering nature and maing what is necessary for theire8istence and develo%ment by their creative labour! and effecting social %rogress by their

creative activity to change the old. $heir continuous creative activity has advanced society.

$heir creative activity to con,uer nature and bring about social %rogress accom%anies struggle.

$he %rocess of creation is %recisely the %rocess of struggle. Without struggle the creation of newthings would be inconceivable. $he %rocess of re%lacement of an old social system with a new

one and the social emanci%ation of the masses in %articular is a %rocess of fierce class struggle. )

revolution begins with struggle and ends with struggle. $he forces which go in for the%reservation of an old system and life never give u% their %lace of their own accord. ) new

system and life can be created only through the struggle to wi%e out the old forces. )ll %rogress

and changes made by humanity throughout history! after all! are the fruit of the %o%ular masses&creative struggle.

$he %rocess of their creative struggle is the %rocess of develo%ing themselves to be more%owerful beings.

$he masses of the %eo%le has increased their creative ability while ill the same time transforming

nature and develo%ing society. $he history of social %roductive forces is the history of the growthof men&s creative ca%ability to con,uer nature. $he history of social revolutions is the history of

the %rocess to strengthen the revolutionary %ower of the masses to resha%e society.

With growth in the creative ability of the masses. the socio(historical movement advances

further. $he communist movement organi+ed and develo%ed by the woring class is the highestform of creative movement in human history. $his is a movement to build a society where the

4ha*usong and creativity of the masses of the %eo%le are fully reali+ed! the highest ideal ofmanind which is fundamentally different from all class societies that have e8isted in history.$he creative %ower of the masses! too! is e8%loited fully in the revolutionary movement of the

woring class. It is not until their involvement in the revolutionary movement of the woring

class! the communist movement! that the woring masses whose creative activity has beenrestrained by the ruling classes during the whole %eriod of antagonistic class societies! become

genuine creators of history who transform the world to meet their own will and desire and sha%e

their destiny in an inde%endent manner.


16/47

$he revolutionary movement! the creative activity of the masses! re,uires that the creative stand

be always maintained firmly in the struggles to resha%e nature and society.

)dhering to the creative stand is indis%ensable to leading the revolutionary movement to victory.Only when they adhere to the creative stand! can the %o%ular masses ee% %ro%erly their %osition

as masters of the revolution and construction! and fulfill their role as such.

$he creative stand is one that the masses of the %eo%le ought to maintain as transformers of

nature and society! as sha%ers of their own destiny. Without maintaining this stand it would beim%ossible for them to resha%e nature and society to meet their will and desire or hold their own

destiny in their hands and sha%e it for themselves. )dherence to the creative stand is a sure

guarantee for solving all %roblems by the efforts of the masses themselves to meet there,uirement of the revolution and in accordance with their interests.

)s the leader instructed! the creative stand constitutes the fundamental method that must be

relied on in the revolution and construction.

$he revolutionary movement re,uires that one should de%end firmly on the creative wisdom and

strength of the masses and utili+e them to the full. $he masses are masters and the motive forceof the revolution and %ossessors of ine8haustible creative talents and strength. Only when one

de%ends on their creative talents and strength! will one be able to understand the ob*ective world

correctly! solve all %roblems to suit the reality! and transform nature and society successfully.$he creative stand %rovides the method by which to give an active stimulus to the creative %ower

of the masses! %ush forward the revolution and construction on one&s own initiative! overcome

the difficulties in the %ath of %rogress by the struggle of the masses! and ensure continuedinnovations and ceaseless advance.

$he revolutionary movement taes %lace in a s%ecific reality which is always diverse andundergoes ceaseless changes. It re*ects all sorts of schemata and dogmas and o%%oses the

outdated attitude of imitating others mechanically. ) schematic view%oint and dogmatic way ofthining restrain creativity and %revent correct understanding of the ever(changing diverse

realities and bloc the %ossibility of woring out a scientific method of revolution and

construction. Only when one bases oneself firmly on the s%ecific reality and maintain a creative

attitude towards everything! will one be able to identify the correct method of transformingnature and society and a%%ly it sillfully. $he creative stand re%resents the method whereby one

re*ects a dogmatic attitude and gras%s the reality in its true %ers%ective and concretely by one&s

own thining and solves all ,uestions accordingly. $he creative stand constitutes therevolutionary method which enables one to meet most effectively the re,uirements of our time

when the masses of the %eo%le have emerged as masters of history and when the revolutionary

movement is highly develo%ed. Our time re,uires that the role of the masses in the revolutionand construction be enhanced to the highest degree and that all ,uestions be solved creatively.

$he creative stand offers a sure guarantee for the victory of the revolution by enabling one to

formulate a scientific revolutionary strategy and struggle %olicies in ee%ing with thedevelo%ment of our life and the new re,uirements of the revolution and ceaselessly increase the

creative %ower of the %o%ular masses.


17/47

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$he revolution is %ro%elled forward to victory by the conscious struggle of the masses of the%eo%le. $he leader %ut in a new light the %rinci%le that the masses& consciousness of

inde%endence %lays the decisive role in the revolutionary struggle.

Ideological consciousness determines and regulates all actions of man. 4onsciousness!

essentially! is the highest ,uality that mae man su%erior to all beings and the most %owerful inthe world. It is the so%histicated function of man&s brain! the most develo%ed of his %hysical

organs. $he brain %lays the central role in the activity of human life! and consciousness which is

the function of the brain! commands all actions of man.

Ideological consciousness reflects man&s desire and interests! and for this reason! it has the most

active effect on his conduct. Without the determination and regulation of ideological

consciousness manAs inde%endent and creative activities would be inconceivable.

If a man is to be an inde%endent creative being he must have the consciousness of inde%endence.$his consciousness means the awareness of one&s being the master of one&s own destiny and

signifies the will to sha%e one&s destiny by one&s own initiative. Only when a man has the

consciousness of inde%endence can he conduct conscious activity to con,uer nature and actively

struggle against the o%%ressors who encroach and tram%le u%on his 4ha*usong. an&s endeavourto ac,uire a scientific understanding of the world and transform it actively is none other than the

manifestation of his consciousness> man&s role in transforming nature and society! after all! is therole of his ideological consciousness.

$he consciousness of inde%endence %lays the decisive role in the masses& revolutionary

movement for 4ha*usong. )ll revolutionary movements are conscious movements. )

revolutionary movement begins with awaening %eo%le to an advanced idea and emerges

victorious on the strength of the masses of the %eo%le who are armed with the advanced ideaideological consciousness is the decisive factor that determines man&s role in the revolution and

construction. ideological consciousness determines the class character of the actions of %eo%le

who %artici%ate in the revolutionary movement. $here can be no su%er(class ideology in a classsociety! and what is basic to man&s ideological consciousness is his class awareness. Peo%leAs

attitude towards the class struggle is determined by their class consciousness. Of course! %eo%le&sactivities are based on their social and class %ositions and limited by them. 'ut their social andclass %ositions have effect on their actions always through their ideological consciousness! which

class interests %eo%le struggle for in a class society de%ends on which class ideology they have.

Only when they have the ideology of an advanced class! the consciousness of inde%endence! can

they have a correct class stand%oint and struggle for the victory of the revolution.


18/47

$he will and fighting %ower of %eo%le demonstrated in the revolutionary movement are also

determined by their ideological consciousness. $he level of the will%ower and strength

demonstrated by the %eo%le is determined by their ideology. Only those who have a firmconsciousness of inde%endence will be able to tae an indomitable attitude towards the

revolution! actively %artici%ate in it with a strong will! and struggle to the end! overcoming all

difficulties and has the masses& revolutionary ability is unfathomable. but it cannot find fulle8%ression if they are not ideologically awaened. Ideologically unawaened masses are unable

to rise in the revolutionary struggle in s%ite of e8%loitation and o%%ression im%osed u%on them.

nor can they successfully transform nature and society to meet their needs. Only those masseswho are conscious of their class interests can demonstrate their revolutionary force to the full and

guarantee victory in the revolution.

$he role of ideological consciousness steadily increases with the develo%ment of the

revolutionary movement.

'y nature. the communist movement. the highest stage of the revolutionary movement re,uires a

high degree of consciousness from %eo%le. $he socialist and communist societies are built by the%ur%oseful and conscious efforts of the %o%ular masses. $he role of ideological consciousness is

incom%arably enhanced when building socialism and communism after the sei+ure of %olitical%ower and the establishment of the socialist system by the woring class. 4a%italism de%ends on

the disci%line of hunger and the rod! but socialism and communism rely on the high level of

%eo%le&s consciousness. $rue control is necessary in the socialist society which is transitional.'ut the more the remnants of old society are eliminated as %rogress is made in building socialism

and communism! the greater becomes the significance of %eo%le&s consciousness. #ocialism and

communism %rovide all conditions for increasing the role of %eo%le&s ideological consciousness

to the full. In the socialist society! the advanced ideology of the woring class %revails all overthe community. 4a%italism subordinates even manAs thining and action to money

considerations! but socialism and communism mae the masses of the %eo%le true masters ofsociety! and therefore! give full %lay to the revolutionary enthusiasm and creative +eal of themasses.

$he tremendous role of ideological consciousness in the revolutionary struggle for socialism and

communism is also connected with the characteristics of the revolutionary thought of the

woring class.

$he role of ideological consciousness in social %rogress de%ends on its class character and

content. $he reactionary ideology of the e8%loiting class ham%ers social %rogress! whereas the

advanced ideology of the %rogressive class gives im%etus to the develo%ment of society. $he

revolutionary ideology of the woring class! the most inde%endent class! has an incom%arablygreater revolutionary influence than any other advanced ideas in history. $he revolutionary

thought of the woring class mirrors the laws of social develo%ment and the as%irations of the

masses in a scientific manner! so that it becomes a great material force in social %rogress. It is awea%on with which to understand and change the reality and create the future. 3nlie the

reactionary thining of the e8%loitating class which hinders the forward movement of history and

advocates the old moribund system! the revolutionary thought of the woring class %erforms themission to %ush forward and lead historical %rogress.


19/47

$he revolutionary movement is a conscious movement! and for this reason one must always hold

fast to %eo%le&s thining as the main thing in the revolutionary struggle and construction wor.

5oing this is an im%ortant %rinci%le that must be maintained in the revolution and construction.

1ras%ing man&s thining as the main thing in the revolution and construction means solving all

%roblems by attaching decisive im%ortance to the ideological factor and enhancing the role ofideological consciousness.

)ttaching decisive im%ortance to the ideological factor is a law of revolutionary movement.aterial factors! too! %lay a great %art in the revolutionary movement. 'ut the e8istence of

material conditions does not give rise to the revolution automatically. ow to mae use of these

material conditions de%ends on %eo%le&s conscious activity. Whether these material conditionsare %re%ared ,uicly or not de%ends on man&s activity. $he revolution can be %ushed forward

only by the active struggle of the revolutionaries and the %o%ular masses. 2undamentally

s%eaing! a revolution does not always brea out when all the necessary conditions e8ist! nor is it

carried out always in favorable circumstances.

Waiting with folded arms for all conditions to ri%en is tantamount to refusing to mae a

revolution. Primary im%ortance! therefore. should be given to the ideological factor in the

revolutionary struggle and construction wor! and on this basis strenuous efforts should be made

to create all the necessary conditions.

#olving all %roblems by raising the level of %eo%le&s consciousness is the method inherent to the

communists. $he communists who struggle for the freedom and ha%%iness of the %eo%le! lead the

revolution to victory and fulfill their noble mission by awaening %eo%le ideologically andmaing them conscious and encouraging them to undertae the struggle of their own accord. $he

communists have a %owerful ideological wea%on ca%able of awaening all the %eo%le to activity.

)lthough the ca%italist class! too! strives to s%read its ideology! ca%italist thining cannot beacce%ted by the masses as their own because it fundamentally conflicts with their interests. Onlythe woring(class ideology which cham%ions the interests of the woring masses can be acce%ted

by all the %eo%le! and it alone can dominate the whole society.

5oing everything by awaening %eo%le %olitically and ideologically is a solid guarantee for the

trium%h of the revolution and construction. eliance on the high degree of the masses&revolutionary consciousness will give a strong im%etus to the revolutionary struggle and

construction wor! overcome unfavorable conditions and s%eed u% the victory of the revolution.

C $/ 13I5I"1 PI"4IP9/# O2 $/ J34/ I5/)

$he guiding %rinci%les of the Juche idea are the guide to establishing Juche in Party and stateactivities! and in all s%heres of revolution and construction. $hey are e8%licit fundamental

%rinci%les which must be observed in successfully carrying out the revolution and construction

by adhering to the inde%endent and creative stands and enhancing the role of ideologicalconsciousness.


20/47

In order to a%%ly the Juche idea to the revolution and construction it is essential to observe

thoroughly the guiding %rinci%les of the Juche idea.

l@ $/ I"5/P/"5/"$ #$)"5 3#$ '/ )I"$)I"/5

If the revolution and construction are to be carried out as re,uired by the Juche idea! 4ha*usong

must be maintained and reali+ed in Party and state activities.

$he leader laid down the %rinci%les of Juche in ideology! inde%endence in %olitics! self(

sufficiency in the economy! and self(reliance in defense as the %rinci%les of reali+ing 4ha*usong.$he %rinci%les of Juche! inde%endence! self(sufficiency and self(reliant defense are the guiding

%rinci%les of reali+ing 4ha*usong in the s%heres of ideology! %olitics! the economy and defense.

D-@ J34/ I" I5/O9O1;

/stablishing Juche in ideology is the %rimary re,uirement of the masses& revolutionary strugglefor 4ha*usong. $he revolution and construction are man&s conscious activities. /stablishing

Juche in thining! therefore! is the only way to establish Juche in %olitics! the economy! defense!

and all other domains.

$o establish Juche in ideology means having the consciousness that one is the master of therevolution and construction! thining and doing everything! centering on the revolution in one&s

own country! and ac,uiring the view%oint and attitude of solving all ,uestions by one&s own

talents and initiative.

$he %arty and %eo%le of a country are masters of the revolution in that country. and to carry outthe revolution in one&s country successfully is the basic mission of the %arty and %eo%le the oneAs

country. $he world revolution! too! will only be successful when the revolution in every country

is successful and when! on this basis! mutual su%%ort and coo%eration is given. 2or this reason!

the %arty and %eo%le of every country must firmly establish Juche in ideology! and carry out therevolution and construction in their country in a res%onsible manner! with the attitude of masters.

In order to establish Juche in ideology! it is necessary to e,ui% oneself with the revolutionary

idea of the woring class and with the %olicy of one&s %arty.

$he woring class is an inde%endent class! and their revolutionary thining is an inde%endent

thining. Only when one is e,ui%%ed with the revolutionary thought of the woring class! will


21/47

one be able to carry out successfully the revolution and construction! however difficult and

com%le8 the situation is! with the awareness that one is the master of the revolution.

$he %olicy of the revolutionthe %arty of a country! the embodiment of the revolutionary thiningof the woring class! is the guide to the revolution and construction in that country. One must

e,ui% oneself with one&s %arty %olicy and regard it as the guideline of thining and %ractice. $hisis the only way to carry out the revolution and construction in accordance with the desire of one&s

own %eo%le and the s%ecific reality of one&s own country and fulfill one&s res%onsibility as masterof the revolution.

When we say that we establish Juche in ideology! we %recisely mean that we e,ui% ourselves

with the Juche idea and Party %olicy! the embodiment of the Juche idea! and establish themonolithic ideological system of the Party.

Only when the whole Party and the whole society are imbued with the monolithic ideological

system! will we be in a %osition to say that Juche in ideology has been firmly established.

If one is to establish Juche in thining! one must be well versed in one&s own things. Only when

one nows the things of one&s country well will one be able to solve all %roblems arising in therevolution and construction in an inde%endent manner and to suit one&s s%ecific situation and

carry out the revolution and construction in conformity with the as%irations and re,uirements of

one&s %eo%le. Only then will one be able also to love one&s country and %eo%le ardently anddemonstrate a high degree of %atriotic devotion and revolutionary enthusiasm.

Koreans must now well Korean history! geogra%hy! economics! culture and the custom of the

Korean nation! and in %articular our PartyAs %olicy! its revolutionary history and revolutionary

traditions. Only then will they be able to establish Juche and become true Korean %atriots! the

Korean communists.

In order to establish Juche in thining! it is necessary to %ossess high sense of national dignity

and revolutionary %ride.

Without the sense of national %ride that one&s nation is inferior to none! without the %ride andhonor of the revolutionary %eo%le! it would be im%ossible to live u% to one&s conviction in an

inde%endent manner! u%hold national inde%endence and dignity and emerge victorious in the

difficult revolutionary struggle. ) nation with a strong sense of national dignity and

revolutionary %ride is uncon,uerable! but a nation without this attribute is %owerless. $he%eo%les of small countries who have long suffered o%%ression by foreign forces need so much

the more the sense of national dignity and revolutionary %ride. In the small countries wherenihilism and fluneyism towards big %owers are nationally dee%(rooted as a result of theim%erialist %olicy of assimilating colonies and obliterating their national culture! they must give

s%ecial attention to the struggle to increase the sense of national dignify and revolutionary %ride.

We must ensure that all the %eo%le cherish the dignity of the resourceful and courageous Korean

nation! the sense of %ride and honor of a %eo%le who is maing a revolution under the guidanceof the great leader in %articular.


22/47

$he tas of establishing Juche in ideology re,uires that national culture should be develo%ed and

that the cultural and technical levels of the masses raised.

We must build culture which is national in form and revolutionary and socialistic in content!Juche(oriented culture which agrees with our %eo%le&s sentiments and is based on the woring

class line. $his will mae %eo%le&s ideological and s%iritual life healthy and facilitate theestablishment of Juche in ideology. In order to develo% socialist national culture on a sound

basis! we must thoroughly %revent im%erialist cultural %enetration and! at the same time! re*ectthe tendency to return to the %ast and nihilist inclination with regard to the heritage of national

culture! inherit and develo% its fine traditions! and critically ado%t %rogressive elements of

foreign culture! which are congenial to our %eo%le&s sentiments. It Is also necessary to maestrenuous efforts to develo% science and technology and raise the cultural and technical standards

of the masses. $his will enable the %eo%le to become true masters of nature and society and get

rid of the idea of worshi%%ing and de%ending on others in the matter related to science andtechnology! and thoroughly establish Juche.

If Juche is to be established in ideology! servility to big %owers and all other outdated ideasshould be o%%osed. /stablishing Juche in thining itself means an ideological emanci%ation of

%eo%le from the fetters of outdated ideas! and an ideological revolution to establish a new Jucheoutloo on the world. In order to establish Juche in ideology we must re*ect all sorts outdated

Ideas which are contrary to the Juche idea! and thoroughly eliminate servitude to big %owers in

%articular.

2luneyism is an attitude %eculiar to slaves serving and worshi%%ing big %owers and develo%edcountries! and an attitude of nihilism which means looing down u%on one&s own country and

nation and des%ising them. If one is inclined to be servile! one would be in the habit of groveling

before others and following them: if others tae to revisionism! one follow suit> and if others

ado%t dogmatism! one would act liewise.

)s the leader said! if a %erson falls into fluneyism! he would become a fool> if a nation is servile

to big %owers! the country would go to ruin> and if a %arty is subservient to big %owers! it would

mae a mess of the revolution and construction.

What is most harmful and dangerous at %resent is fluneyism towards 3# im%erialism in%articular. $his servility! which is e8%ressed in the fear and worshi% of the 3nited #tates! is

doing a great harm to the revolutionary struggle of the %eo%le. $he harmfulness of this servility

is most notable in south Korea today. #ervility to 3# im%erialism! which has been s%read by the3# im%erialist aggressors and their stooges! is the most harmful ideological %oison which is

%araly+ing %eo%le&s national and class consciousness in south Korea and tram%ling u%on the

%recious cultural heritage and beautiful customs of our nation. 3nless the struggle is intensifiedto o%%ose the fear and worshi% of the 3nited #tates among the south Korean %eo%le and to

heighten their s%irit of national inde%endence! neither the victory of the south Korean revolution

nor the inde%endent reunification of the country would be %ossible.

$he struggle to establish Juche and o%%ose fluneyism towards big %owers is a serious ,uestionon which the destiny of the revolution de%ends. We will continue to intensify the struggle to


23/47

eliminate fluneyism and establish Juche in ideology and thus guarantee the ultimate victory of

the Korean revolution.

D@ I"5/P/"5/"4/ I" PO9I$I4#

Politics is of decisive significance in social life. Without inde%endence in %olitics it would be

im%ossible to tal about 4ha*usong at all. Juche in ideology is e8%ressed! above all! by

inde%endence in %olitics! and self(sufficiency in the economy and self(reliance in defense! too!

are guaranteed by inde%endence in %olitics.

aintaining 4ha*usong in %olitics means u%holding national inde%endence and sovereignty of

oneAs %eo%le! defending their interests and conducting %olitics by relying on them.

)s the leader instructed! %olitical 4ha*usong is the first criterion and the life and soul of an

inde%endent sovereign state. Only when a nation maintains %olitical 4ha*usong! will it be able toensure inde%endence and freedom and be ha%%y and %ros%erous. $he revolution is a struggle to

win %olitical 4ha*usong before anything else. #ince all ,uestions related to revolution and

construction de%end directly on %olitics! it can be said that the destiny of the revolutionary causeis determined! after all! by %olitical 4ha*usong.

In order to ensure %olitical 4ha*usong! it is im%erative to set u% a %eo%leAs government.

anAs right to inde%endence finds ty%ical e8%ression in state %ower. #o the woring class and

the masses of the %eo%le! to reali+e 4ha*usong com%letely! must first of all become masters ofstate %ower. Only when they hold state %ower in their hands and become true masters of stateand society! will they be able to attain %olitical 4ha*usong and lead an inde%endent and creative

life.

In order to guarantee %olitical 4ha*usong it is necessary to build internal %olitical forces.

Political forces are the main com%onent of the revolutionary forces. Only when one builds stronginternal %olitical forces and relies on them! will one be able to win and %reserve sovereignty and

ensure inde%endent %olitics. If %owerful internal %olitical forces are to be develo%ed! it is

im%erative to strengthen the %arty! the leading revolutionary force! and achieve the unity and

solidarity of the entire %o%ulation based on the worer(%easant alliance with the woring class atits core. What is most im%ortant here is to rally all the %eo%le closely around the %arty and the

leader. When the %arty and the %eo%le are solidly united into a single %olitical force! they will be

able to dis%lay boundless strength and emerge victorious in the revolution and construction.

If one is to ensure %olitical 4ha*usong! one must have oneAs own guiding thought! wor out oneAs

%olicy by oneself in accordance with oneAs decision! and carry it through.


24/47

$he main thing in %olitics is to formulate %olicies and im%lement them. It can be said that

inde%endent %olitics consists in formulating and im%lementing all %olicies inde%endently.

;ielding to foreign %ressure and tolerating foreign intervention in %olitics or acting at theinstigation of others would mae it im%ossible to maintain %rinci%le and consistency! and would

lead the revolution and construction to failure.

Our Party has laid down and im%lemented all its %olicies inde%endently in accordance with the

interests of our %eo%le and the s%ecific conditions of our country! with the Juche idea as the onlyguiding ideology! under the wise guidance of the leader. $hat is why it has always won shining

victories in the revolution and construction.

In order to ensure 4ha*usong in %olitics! it is im%erative to e8ercise com%lete sovereignty ande,uality in foreign relations.

4ha*usong of a %arty and a state is e8%ressed! after all! in foreign relations. $o e8ercise com%lete

sovereignty and e,uality in foreign relations is fundamental in ensuring %olitical 4ha*usong.

#overeignty is an inviolable right of all %arties! all countries! and all %eo%les. $here are big andsmall %arties! big and small countries! and economically develo%ed and underdevelo%ed %eo%les

in the world! but all %arties! all countries and %eo%les are e,ual and inde%endent. "o one should

encroach u%on the sovereignty of others and no one should tolerate encroachment on oneAs

sovereignty.

4ha*usong is not in conflict with internationalism but is the basis of its strengthening. Just as the

world revolution is inconceivable without the revolution in oneAs own country! internationalism

divorced from 4ha*usong cannot e8ist. )s a matter of %rinci%le! internationalist solidarity mustbe based on freedom of choice and e,uality. Only when it is founded on 4ha*usong! will

internationalist solidarity become based on free choice and e,uality and become genuine and

durable. Our Party is adhering to the %olicy of strengthening the solidarity of the socialistcountries and the international communist movement on the basis of o%%osing im%erialism andgiving su%%ort to national(liberation movements in colonies and the international woring(class

movement! continuing advance to socialism and communism! and observing the %rinci%les of

noninterference in each otherAs internal affairs! mutual res%ect! e,uality and mutual benefit. Ourcountry is also adhering to the %olicy of *oining forces with non(aligned countries! the newly(

emerging nations! on the %rinci%les of res%ect for territorial integrity and state %ower! non(

aggression! noninterference in each otherAs internal affairs! e,uality and mutual benefit! and ofcoo%erating with all countries which are friendly towards us.

In the future! too! we will u%hold sovereignty and e,uality in foreign relations and maintain the

%rinci%le of combining 4ha*usong with internationalism.

D


25/47

$he economy is the material basis of social life. /conomic self(sufficiency enables one to

consolidate the inde%endence of one&s country and live inde%endently! %rovides a sure guarantee

for Juche in ideology! inde%endence in %olitics! and self(reliance in defense and ensures richmaterial and cultural lives for the %eo%le.

In order to im%lement the %rinci%le of economic self(sufficiency! one must build an inde%endentnational economy.

'uilding an inde%endent national economy means building an economy which is free fromde%endence on others and which stands on its own feet! an economy which serves one&s own

%eo%le and develo%s on the strength of the resources of one&s own country and by the efforts of

one&s own %eo%le. #uch an economy maes it %ossible to develo% the %roductive forces ,uiclyby utili+ing the nation&s natural resources in a rational and integrated way! im%rove the %eo%le&s

living standard continuously! strengthen the material and technical foundations of socialism! and

increase the nation&s %olitical! economic and military %ower. It also ensures the e8ercise of

com%lete sovereignty and e,uality in %olitical and economic affairs in international relations and

contributes to strengthening the world &s anti(im%erialist! inde%endent forces and socialist forces.It is vital to build an inde%endent national economy %articularly in those countries which were

bacward economically and technically because of im%erialist domination and %lunder in the%ast. Only when they build an inde%endent national economy in these countries! will they be able

to re%el the new colonial %olicy of the im%erialists! free themselves com%letely from their

domination and e8%loitation! wi%e out national ine,uality! and vigorously advance on the road ofsocialism.

In order to build an inde%endent national economy! it is essential to adhere to the %rinci%le of

self(reliance in economic construction.

#elf(reliance is the revolutionary s%irit and a %rinci%le of struggle of the communists in carryingout the revolution by their own initiative. One must believe in one&s own strength and de%end onit in economic construction! *ust as in all other activities for the revolution and construction. )

%eo%le who energetically struggle! with confieence in their own ca%ability! will be able to do any

difficult wor. 'ut a %eo%le who have no faith in their own %ower but only loo u% to others! willnot do anything successfully. Only when one mobili+es the efforts of one&s %eo%le and the

resources of one&s country and relies on one&s own financial resources and technology on the

%rinci%le of self(reliance! will one be able to develo% the economy ,uicly at one&s own desire!overcome all difficulties and bring %ros%erity to the country.

If an inde%endent national economy is to be built! the economy must be develo%ed in a

diversified and integral manner.

3nlie the ca%italist economy which is geared to mae money! the socialist inde%endent

economy is always aimed at meeting the demands of the country and the %eo%le. #o aninde%endent economy should naturally be develo%ed in such a multifarious and integral way as

to %roduce inde%endently heavy and light industry goods and agricultural %roducts to mae the

country rich and %owerful and im%rove the %eo%le&s living standard. #uch an economy can alsodevelo% safely and ,uicly on a solid basis.


26/47

In order to build an inde%endent economy which is develo%ed in a multifarious and

com%rehensive way! it is necessary! as our %ractical e8%erience shows! to follow the line of

giving %reference to the develo%ment of heavy industry and develo%ing light industry andagriculture simultaneously.

eavy industry with the machine(building industry as its bacbone is the %illar of an inde%endentnational economy. eavy industry develo%ed in such a way can guarantee economic and

technical inde%endence and accelerate the develo%ment of light industry and agriculture and thenational economy as a whole on the basis of modern technology. oreover! simultaneous

develo%ment of light industry and agriculture! along with heavy industry! can ensure a systematic

im%rovement of the %eo%le&s living standard and faster the develo%ment of heavy industry itself.#olving the %roblem of food on one&s own through successful farming! in %articular! is of

tremendous significance in %roviding the %eo%le with stabili+ed living conditions and an

inde%endent life.

/,ui%%ing the economy with modern techni,ues and training the nation&s technical cadres on an

e8tensive scale are indis%ensable for the construction of an inde%endent national economy.

$echnical inde%endence is absolutely necessary for economic inde%endence. When one has one&s

own develo%ed techni,ues! one will be able to develo% and use the natural resources of the

country effectively and develo% the national economy in a diversified manner. 5evelo%edtechnology also %rovides the %ossibility to free the woring masses from bacbreaing labor!

narrow down the differences between %hysical and mental labor and resolve inde%endently the

difficult and com%le8 %roblems arising in economic and defense construction. /liminatingtechnical bacwardness from the national economy and e,ui%%ing it with modern techni,ues is a

revolution. Only when the technical revolution is accelerated continuously through the

mobili+ation of all %ossibilities in every sector! will technology develo% ,uicly and the country

attain economic and technical inde%endence in a short time.

#olving the ,uestion of the nation&s technical %ersonnel is a ma*or factor in the struggle for

economic and technical inde%endence. $his is essential to guaranteeing economic and

technological %rogress by one&s own initiative. $his is a %articularly im%ortant tas in building anew society for those countries which were under the yoe of im%erialism in the %ast and which

conse,uently were far removed from modern science and technical develo%ment. $herefore! in

order to undertae the technical revolution and attain economic and technical inde%endence! onemust %ut a lot of effort into the cultural revolution and thus raise the cultural and technical levels

of the woring masses and train an army of national technical cadres. We must resolutely

im%lement the leader&s %olicy of intellectuali+ing the whole society! further raise the cultural and

technical levels of the woring masses! im%rove the ,ualities of technical cadres! and train moretechnicians better.

In order to build an inde%endent national economy! it is necessary to establish reliable and

inde%endent sources of raw materials and fuel.

5e%ending on others for raw materials and fuel is as good as leaving one&s economic lifeline inthe hands of others. If one is to be economically self(sufficient and develo% the economy on a


27/47

safe basis and with a long(term %ers%ective! one must de%end on one&s own raw(material and fuel

sources and mainly meet one&s own demand for them. $o this end! one must e8%loit the natural

resources of one&s country to the ma8imum and utili+e them rationally and! at the same time!develo% the industry to be a Juche(oriented one which relies on domestic raw materials and fuel

from the outset.

'uilding an inde%endent national economy on the %rinci%le of self(reliance does not mean

building an economy in isolation. )n inde%endent economy is o%%osed to foreign economicdomination and sub*ugation> but it does not rule out international economic coo%eration. 4lose

economic and technical coo%eration between socialist countries and newly(emerging nations! in

%articular! %lays an im%ortant %art in ensuring economic self(sufficiency in these countries and inincreasing their economic %ower.

$oday! the %eo%les of newly(emerging countries are struggling against the 3# and other

im%erialists& %olicy of aggression and %lunder! in defense of their national sovereignty and

natural resources! and in order to %ut an end to the ofd economic order by which a few ca%italist

%owers have e8%loited and %lundered at will the ma*ority of the countries and %eo%les throughoutthe world! and to establish a new fair world economic order. $he newly(emerging countries have

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