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Abstract

Mughals and Pakhtuns have been the traditional rival of each

others in South Asia. They fought incessent wars, made alliances and

upset each others' designs to grap political supermacy in India and

Kabul. When Zahir-ud-Din Babur captured Kabul in 1504 he

suppressed most of the Pakhtun tribes. However, in relations with the

Yousafzai, a leading Pakhtun tribe, he preferred diplomacy and

friendship. He married Bibi Mubaraka, daughter of Malak Shah

Mansoor, an influencial malak of the tribe. The present article

discusses different dynamics of this relationship and explor its various

paradiagms. It investigates the relations between the Yousafzais and

Babur and look into the matter focusing on the geo-political situation,

tribal jealosies and weaknesses of both the sides. Babur's interest in

Bibi Mubaraka has been discussed to properly understand its political

effects upon the frontier areas.

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C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔZÆ',6102YDâga7102Y ____________________________________ 24

As it was always in my heart to possess Hindustan, and as these

several countries, Bhera, Khushab, Chenab and Chiniot, had once

been held by the Turks, I pictured them as my own and was resolved

to get them into my hands whether peacefully or by force.1

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jZ!Y]1. Quoted in Himayatullah Yaqubi, Mughal-Afghan Relations in South

Asia: History and Developments (Islamabad: NIHCR, 2015), p. 58.

2. Zahir-ud-Muhammad Babur, Babur-Nama (Memoirs of Babur), Trst,

Annette. S. Beveridge, (Lahore: Sang Meel Publications, 1975), p.

229.

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7791Y(m58X÷á{µg»m-«çEEðÅf~÷ácoiðgihqwÐ¥xƒ@*ìÔßZ!» 5Xñ�Š{ÇîV÷á{µgZkÆ**x6,W!*ŠƒZìX-«çEEðuŠZgzV~t!*',Æ‚B¹4,Šq-g;ZzgZyÅÃ@VÐ!*',Ãtñµ„:5āz{\ÆÜsÃðî�ð™nX

6. Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad Babur, Babur Nama, Appendices, An

Afghan Legend, p. xxxvi.

)?zg:-Eg;,-ZàÔ6891Y(m962X @*gõß/uu ·Ã™',Ô 7XZsX 8X

Ôm19X ÂZgõqƒgØ{ã c¦÷á{Ô 9XÔm072X @*gõß/uu ·Ã™',Ô X 01

Ôm661X ÂZgõqƒgØ{y c¦÷á{Ô X 1112. Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad Babur, Babur Nama, Appendices, An

Afghan Legend, p. 375.

Ôm072X @*gõß/uu ·Ã™',Ô 31X)?zg:ŠZø

"5Ò5½jèFEGIE;îkÔ7002Y(m07X !*',Zz+B5é FEGUÔ †Z°°íãÔ 41X

15. Major H.G. Roverty, Notes on Afghanistan and Balochistan (Quetta:

Gosha-e-Adab, 1976), pp. 234-234.

ZsÔm532X 61XZsÔ67X 71X

)ßZ!:3891Y(m34X ÎZ] gz×{yÔ 81X

16 ______________________________________________ !!!5é NEgāZzgJyDh©]

19. Babur Nama, p. 411.

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22. Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad Babur, Babur Nama, Appendices, An

Afghan Legend, pp. 372-374.

23. Ibid., p. 229.

Ôm93X !*',Zzg+B5é FEG: †Z°°íãÔ 42X25. Abul Fazal, Akbar Nama, Vol I, English Translation by H. Beveridge

(Lahore: Book Traders, n.d), p. 236.

26. Zahir-ud-Din Babur, Babur Nama, p. 376.

27. Olaf Caroe, The Pathans (London: Macmillon and Company, 1958),

p. 160.

Ô)ßZ!:6102Y(m522X -«çEEð�d$:)ÎÛ,œ~~( Õ-«çEEðÔ 82X29. Himayatullah Yaqubi, The Forgotten Queen of Babur, The News on

Sunday, September 11, 2016.

30. Gulbadan Begum, Humayun Nama, p. 91, notes.

Ôm231X811X ø-V**) MyHÔ 13XZsÔm931X 23XeZËgZ¯Z£œjÔç}º[g-EZågKXnŠ!Z~é'Æ‚BX 33X

34. Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad Babur, Babur Nama, p. 689.

35. Gulbadan Begum Humayun Nama, p. 216-217.

ZsX 63X37- Quoted in Himayatullah Yaqubi, Mughal-Afghan Relation in South

Asia, p. 195.

83X39. Abul Fazal, Akbar Nama, Vol I, English Translation by H. Beveridge

(Lahore: Book Traders, n.d), p. 587.

///

C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔZÆ',6102YDâga7102Y ____________________________________ 26