DVB-SCENE38 Ciclo Vida

8/2/2019 DVB-SCENE38 Ciclo Vida

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The Technology Update from DVB www.dvb.org

September 2011

38

08 Green Transmitters

09 Eco Design for Displays

10Power Saving STBs

11 Green Meetings

13Analysis

14Market Watch

Multiple Physical Layer Pipes -an Overview

04

DVB-T2 Lite Test & Demo

07

Digital TV in Russia

12

DVBSCENE IssueNo.

Keen to be Green


2/16

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EN 302 755: Frame structure channel coding and modulation for a second generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting system (DVB-T2) (04/02/11)TR 102 993: Upper Layer FEC for DVB Systems (10/02/11)TS 102 825- (1 - 14): Content Protection and Copy Management (DVB-CPCM); Part 1: CPCM Abbreviations, Denitions and Terms (23/03); Part 2: CPCM Reference Model (23/03); Part 3:CPCM Usage State Information (23/03); Part 4: CPCM Authorized Domain Management scenarios (18/02); Part 5: CPCM Security Toolbox (18/02); Part 6: CPCM Security Test Vectors (21/02);Part 7: CPCM Authorized Domain Management (18/02); Part 8: CPCM Authorized Domain Management scenarios (21/02); Part 9: CPCM System Adaptation Layers (18/02); Part 10: CPCMAcquisition, Consumption and Export Mappings (23/03); Part 11: CPCM Content Management Scenarios (16/03); Part 12: CPCM Implementation Guidelines (11/03); Part 12: CPCMImplementation Guidelines (11/03); Part 13: CPCM Compliance Framework (21/02); Part 14: CPCM Extensions (18/02)TS 102 833: File Format Specication for the Storage and Playback of DVB Services (23/03/11)EN 302 769: Frame structure channel coding and modulation for a second generation digital transmission system for cable systems (DVB-C2) (21/04/11)TS 102 851: Uniform Resource Identiers (URI) for DVB Systems (28/04/11)TS 102 771: Generic Stream Encapsulation (GSE) implementation guideline (03/05/11)TR 101 190: Implementation guidelines for DVB terrestrial services; Transmission aspects (04/05/11)TS 101 162: Specication for the use of Video and Audio Coding in Broadcasting Applications based on the MPEG-2 Transport Stream (04/05/11)TS 101 547: Frame Compatible Plano-stereoscopic 3DTV (16/05/11)TS 102 542-1: Guidelines for the implementation of DVB-IPTV Phase 1 specications; Part 1: Core IPTV Functions (30/05/11)

TS 102 542-3-2: Guidelines for the implementation of DVB-IPTV Phase 1 specications; Part 3: Error Recovery; Sub-part 2: Application Layer - Forward Error Correction (AL-FEC) (30/05/11)TS 102 542-4: Guidelines for the implementation of DVB-IPTV Phase 1 specications; Part 4: Remote Management and Firmware Update (30/05/11)TS 102 991: Implementation Guidelines for a second generation digital cable transmission system (DVB-C2) (06/06/11)TS 102 542-4: Specication for the use of Video and Audio Coding in Broadcasting Applications based on the MPEG-2 Transport Stream (24/06/11)

New Standards

In the nearly 20 years of its existenceDVB has been extremely successful.

According to Screen Digest more than600 million digital receivers based onour specications are in use worldwide.

We can proudly say that our technologychanged the way people are watchingV. But what does this mean for theenvironment? How energy ecient isour technology and can we becomebetter by improving technology andproduction processes? Tis issue ofDVB Scene will provide some answersto these questions.

Owing to the large numberof receivers in use, their energyconsumption is a critical component

in the overall picture. At the start ofthe transition to digital, SBs neededmuch more power than their analoguecounterparts. oday, chipset technologyhas become much more energy ecientand is now able to provide a realstandby mode. In parallel to SBs,display devices have dramaticallyimproved energy eciency. Te latestLED technology needs only a fractionof the power needed by the previousgeneration of displays.

We have come a long way on thereceiver side, but what has happenedat the transmitter side? First of all oursecond generation standards oer morerobustness, which means that the samedata rate can be transmitted with lesspower. Tis is especially importantfor terrestrial networks with their highnumbers of transmitters. Here DVB-2can oer a reduction of power by afactor of four. Tis is a great reductionin operational costs, especially whenconsidering that in many parts of the

world these transmitters are gettingtheir energy from a local generator,as they are not connected to thepower grid. DVB-2 also provides a

mechanisms for peak to average powerreduction that allows the transmitterto operate in a more ecient mode.DVB-2 is an excellent example ofhow specications can result in a moreecient use of our resources.

In the wider scheme of things thereis the standardization process itself withits meetings and the travel to and fromthat consumes natural resources. Teswitch to phone conferences and onlinemeetings can oer a substantial saving

of resources. Te DVB promotes theculture of online meetings, whichare proving very popular with ourMembers. Te number of onlinemeetings has now surpassed the

number of face to face meetings andthis trend will continue.It is obvious that broadcast

transmission and reception are usingnatural resources in the form of energyand raw materials. Te industry hasgone a long way to improve eciencybut we have not yet reached the endof this road. I am optimistic thatall stakeholders including DVB arecommitted to following this route to atrue green broadcasting environment.

3DVB SCENE | September 2011

To subscribe to DVB SCENE free of charge visit: www.dvb.org /subscribe

Peter SiebertExecutive Director

The Greening Of BroadcastingA Word From DVB

Published by the DVB Project Oce,c/o European Broadcasting Union,17a Ancienne Route,CH-1218 Grand Saconnex, Switzerland.

Editors: William Daly, Harold BerginEditorial & Advertising enquiries to: WHD PREmail: [email protected]

Telephone: +44 (0)20 7799 3100

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without prior consent of thepublisher. All content correct at time of printing. DVB SCENE 2011.

The views expressed in this newsletter are those of the individual DVB members or guests and are notnecessarily the views of the DVB Project Oce or Steering Board.

DVB, the DVB logo marks, MHP and the MHP logo are registered trademarks of the DVB Project. Certainother product names, brand names and company names may be trademarks or designations of theirrespective owners.

Printed by New Go n.v.wwwdvborg wwwdvbworldorg . wwwmhporg . wwwdvbservicescom

ROME 12 - 14 March|www.dvbworld.org


4/164 September 2011 | DVB SCENE

Te second generation standard forterrestrial broadcasting, DVB-2,

was approved by ESI in September2009, bringing a considerable numberof technical enhancements comparedto DVB-. Te primary benet whenimplementing the new standard is a bitrateincrease of at least 50%, which in turnenables the delivery of more HD servicesin terrestrial networks. DVB-2 also oersattractive opportunities for diversiedservices and new business models. Networkoperators can use dierent features fromthe large DVB-2 toolbox, amongstothers, Multiple Physical Layer Pipes(Multiple PLPs), to deploy advanced,exible terrestrial networks. Te conceptof PLPs is not totally new and has rootsin the Hierarchical Modulation speciedin DVB- and in the Multistream featureintroduced in DVB-S2.

A Physical Layer Pipe is a virtualcontainer for data broadcasted with the

same modulation and protection scheme.A normal DVB-2 signal carries a singlePLP where all the data is transmitted in ahomogenous manner as shown in Figure 1.

A Multiple PLP signal will include severalgroups of data modulated dierently.Tis means that a DVB-2 signal cancontain television or radio signals that aremodulated and protected dierently asshown in Figure 2.

Te DVB-2 specication denes astructural PLP classication with threetypes of PLPs: Common PLP encapsulating data

shared by all the PLPs, such as EPG

information and other auxiliary data,carried in a single continuous segmentas rst PLP within the DVB-2 frame

Data PLP ype 1 carrying data, asransport Streams (S) or GeneralStream Encapsulation (GSE) streams,in a single segment (sub-slice) perDVB-2 frame

Data PLP ype 2 carrying S orGSE spread over several sub-slicesper DVB-2 frame. Te number of

sub-slices inuences the time diversityof the signal and the buer of thereceiving devices, and thus their powerconsumptionPhysical Layer Pipes may also be

classied according to their behavior: Static PLP operation as the name

suggests, maps services to individualPLPs in a static manner. Te size andbitrate of a PLP is identical over time(in all DVB-2 frames)

Dynamic PLP allows one or a groupof PLPs to have a variable bitrateover time. Te size of the PLP can bedierent from one DVB-2 frame toanotherTis rst approach, implemented

in current market solutions, limits thecomplexity of the system by requiring lessprocessing on the stream adaptation andsignal generation processes and simpliesthe buer management in the receivers.Te dynamic PLP alternative may oerbitrate savings by allowing a group ofPLPs to share the available bitrate of theDVB-2 signal. A dynamic PLP can beseen as a statistical multiplexing operation

on the DVB-2 physical layer. Adoptingthis alternative introduces a greater level of

complexity in adaptation, modulation andreception equipment and requires specialsynchronisation mechanisms between theheadend statistical multiplexers and theDVB-2 Gateways.

In order to access all the capabilitiesof the new DVB-2 standard, thespecication recommends a DVB-2Gateway for Baseband adaptation. Such adevice encapsulates the incoming ransport

Stream packets into Baseband frames.PLP mapping is carried out by allocatingBaseband frames to a specic PLP, insertinga pointer indicating the beginning andthe end, and signalling the modulationparameters for each PLP. In eect, aDVB-2 Gateway allows the user toremotely assign a position for the dierentransport Streams in the signal, set theproperties of the physical layer, and therebyprotects the services carried in the DVB-2signal in dierent ways.

Multiple PLP features enable terrestrialbroadcasters to oer more exible servicessuch as dierent protection levels, dierentgeographical coverage alternatives, multiplereceiver platforms and local content

insertion.Mapping several ransport Streams to

various parts of the DVB-2 signal andprotecting these PLPs dierently allows thenetwork operators to oer a more exiblepricing structure for their services targetedto match the robustness requirement of thebroadcaster. As an example, a broadcaster

with greater emphasis on robustness canrequest the network operator to modulatehis services using 64-QAM and a lowFEC code rate. Te resulting PLP willhave increased robustness and a relatively

low bitrate. Tanks to DVB-2, the PLPcarrying the services of this broadcaster willhave the same carrier to noise ratio and abitrate gain of up to 50% compared to asimilar DVB- signal - in short, a larger

In the PipeMultiple Physical Layers Pipes - an overview

Azzedine Abchir & Anders Dale, T-Vips

PLP 0 256QAM

Carrying HD services

P

1L1-sig

T2 frame n T2 frame n+1

PLP1

64QAMSD

services

PLP

216QA

M

P

1

PLP 0 256QAM

Carrying HD services

P

1L1-sig

PLP1

64QAMSD

services

PLP

216QA

M

PLP 0 256QAM

HD service

P

1L1-sig

T2 frame n T2 frame n+1

P

1

P

1L1-sig PLP 0 256QAM

HD service

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

The equipment manufacturers

responded rapidly by oering

professional and consumer

products supporting this

technology.

PLP representation in a DVB-T2 frame


5/165DVB SCENE | September 2011

amount of data can be transmitted withgreater robustness.

Multiple PLPs could potentiallyboost the use of portable and mobile Vby enabling a DVB-2 signal capable ofserving diverse reception platforms. ADVB-2 signal, as shown in Figure 2,contains a PLP modulated with 256-QAMto allow a high bitrate for HD services.

Another PLP modulated with 64-QAMintended for indoor and portable receptionmight deliver an HD channel and severalSD channels. By using a pointer (present inthe L1-signalling frame), indicating the startof the corresponding PLP, portable devicesonly need to decode the P1, L1-signallingand the correct PLP. Tey dont need todecode the entire DVB-2 frames andtherefore have a longer battery life. DVB is

bringing this concept of selective decodingcloser through specication work for a newDVB-2 prole. Tese eorts recentlyresulted in a tailor made prole (released

with the latest version of the specication)for mobile terrestrial reception (See page 7).

Another application for Multiple PLPsis diversied coverage. It is possible todene a PLP with restricted coverage range,aimed at covering large cities and suburbanareas and carrying a large service package(HD and SD). Another PLP can have a

wider coverage range and reach rural areas

and deliver smaller set of services using alower bitrate.Many countries have regional

customizations of their networks whereregional content is inserted into the

transmitter feed. In contrast to DVB-,where the insertion is done at the Basebandlevel, DVB-2 can perform the insertionat the physical layer. Multiple PLPscan be used to achieve this purpose byencapsulating the national stream in a PLPand inserting the local or regional contentinto another. Tis operation can be doneat all transmission sites and the populationin the region receives the DVB-2 signalcontaining both streams. Tis simpleapproach has however some signicantdrawbacks. Te two streams must have aconstant bitrate and every bitrate variationleads to packet losses or loss of bandwidth.Te OPEX need grows with the complexityof the system and in addition theredundancy requirement increases. It makessense to perform the local insertion at the

Baseband level to increase the scalabilityof the system and optimize bandwidthutilization.

Network operators may also useMultiple PLPs for maintenance and testpurposes. Receivers in the eld may beupdated by transmitting software upgradesand maintenance data on a robust PLP witha very low bitrate.

During network design and testphases, Multiple PLPs have proved to be avery useful tool. Engineers can test manycombinations of modulation and code

rate at the same time, without having torecongure the system for every test.With Multiple PLPs, DVB made

the concept of Hierarchical Modulationsimpler, more accessible and aordable

than ever. Te equipment manufacturersresponded rapidly by oering professionaland consumer products supporting thistechnology. Te Multiple PLP toolbox helpsnetwork operators diversify their service

oerings and solutions; which in turn helpsbroadcasters to master their challenges- it makes terrestrial broadcasting morecompetitive and ultimately results in moresatised viewers.

Anders Dale and Azzedine Abchir aresoftware engineers working at T-VIPS.They are focused on developingsolutions for terrestrial televisionand in particular for DVB-T2. Theireld of expertise covers Basebandadaptation, monitoring, redundancyand distribution. They are involved innumerous projects and commercialdeployments around the world.


6/16

After more than ten years, the update ofthe Measurement Guidelines (R 101 290)for the second generation DVB systems hasstarted with parameter denitions for theModulator Interface (MI) of the DVB-2system. Te interface 2-MI is dened asthe output of the 2 Gateway and theinput of the 2 modulator, and therefore,

simultaneously, the input and output of adistribution network that provides the 2signals to the terrestrial network.Te signals passing through this interfaceare based on 2-MI packets into which theDVB-2 baseband (BB) frames areencapsulated as payload. Te 2-MIpackets are encapsulated into MPEG-2ransport Stream packets that allowtransport over existing infrastructure.

Te new section on 2-MI parametersincludes ten test denitions based on theDVB-2-MI standard (Bluebook A136).

2MI_packet_type_error_1 is set ifmandatory packet_types for each 2frame (1016, 2016, and if indicatedL1-future 1116) are not present.

2MI_packet_type_error_2 is basedon information from L1 signallingand is set if the signalled number ofBB frames (packet_type 0016) is notconsistent with the L1 signalling.

2MI_packet_count_error indicatesmissing or repeated 2-MI packets

2MI_CRC_error signals bit errors in

2-MI packets. 2MI_payload_error is set if theplp_id of a BB frames is missing in L1signalling.

2MI_plp_num_blocks_error checksfor the consistency between thereceived BB frame packets and the L1signalling information.

2MI_transmission_order_error isset if the order of packet_types of the2-MI packets specied in the DVB2-MI standard is violated.

2MI_DVB-2_imestamp_errorgives a rough indication if thetimestamps in a superframe are notconsistent.

2MI_DVB-2_imestamp_discontinuity is set if the value of thetimestamp in the next superframe isnot increased.

2MI_2_frame_length_error showsif the frame length signalled in L1 islonger than 250 ms.

Annex B of the DVB-2-MI standarddenes the Modulator Information Packet

(MIP) which is used to synchronize SFNsor send settings to individual modulators.Te new section of the MeasurementGuidelines denes four MIP relatedparameters. 2MI_MIP_imestamp_error shows

a mismatch between a 2-MI MIPtimestamp and a DVB-2 timestamp

2MI_MIP_individual_addressing_error shows inconsistencies betweenthe information in the individual_addressing_byte and the individual_

addressing_data eld. 2MI_MIP_continuity_error signalsa 2 superframe without the expected2 MIP.

2MI_MIP_CRC_error is set if biterrors occur in a 2 MIP.Tere are two more parameters that

address aspects of the consistency betweensignalled information and the content orproperties of the data stream. 2MI_bandwidth_consistency_error

shows deviations of the signalled bitrate

from the actual bitrate of the stream inthe 2-MI packets. 2MI_DVB-2_imestamp_leap_

second_error makes sure that the leapseconds in the DVB time system aresignalled correctly.Te new section of the

Measurement Guidelines also containsparameter denitions relevant to thetransport of 2-MI packets overMPEG-2 S and over IP. Te formerare a subset of the ransport Streamrelated parameters in Clause 5 of R101 290 and may only be applicable ifcertain tables are used. Te latter setincludes a number of informativeparameters derived from the IP headerinformation and the AL-FECevaluation (if present), as well asseveral integrity parameters whichfocus on lost and corrected frames andother QoS parameters such as MediaDelivery Index - Media Loss Rate(MDI-MLR) and Delay Factor(MDI-DF).

As in the past, this new section ofthe Measurement Guidelines does not

aim at conformance or compliancetests. Tis is well beyond the scope ofthe Measurement Guidelinesdocument. Te objective is theprovisioning of useful parameterdenitions for health checks. Tisstrategy has worked well and is alsoapplied here.

Te current version of the newsection of the Measurement Guidelines

was approved by the DVB echnicalModule in June 2011. It was thenendorsed by the Commercial Moduleand the Steering Board and waspublished as DVB Bluebook A14-1.Further sections are planned that willaddress the second generation DVBsystems, starting with DVB-2 andfollowed by DVB-C2.

Health ChecksNew Section on T2-MI for DVBMeasurement Guidelines

Jrgen Lauterjung, Rohde & Schwarz

6 September 2011 | DVB SCENE

T2-MI header payload pad crc32

payload_len bits48 bits 32 bitspay_len bits

packet_type

packet_count

superframe_idx rfu payload_len

T2-MI packet format



In July 2011, BBC R&D began atechnical trial of DVB-2 Lite for mobilereception in London, the same day thespecication was approved by the DVBsteering board. We would like to inviteyou to the DVB stand at IBC 2011(1.D81) to learn more about the trial andto see a live over-the-air demonstration of

both the transmitter and the receiver.DVB-2 Lite is a new prole inVersion 1.3.1 of the DVB-2specication. It was designed so that onlyminimal changes were needed from anexisting DVB-2 modulator anddemodulator to be able to support the Liteprole. Te Lite prole is essentially asubset of the full DVB-2 specication,

which requires fewer hardware resources inthe receiver than a fully-featured DVB-2receiver.

In the existing DVB-2 specication,

the signal can, optionally, already containarbitrary periods of time which can beused to transmit something other thanDVB-2. Tis feature was put into thespecication to allow for futureimprovements in modulation technologyto be incorporated into the system. Teseperiods of time are called FutureExtension Frames (FEFs).

However, in the DVB-2 Lite prole,both the main part and the FEF containvalid DVB-2 signals but with dierent

levels of robustness, allowing both servicesto mobiles and xed receivers to betransmitted as part of the sametransmission on the same frequency. Tesystem also permits the transmission of aDVB-2 Lite service without a secondDVB-2 service being present.

Te DVB-2 Lite prole allows mostof the exibility of the DVB-2specication, but limits the FF size toexclude 1K and 32K, prohibits the use ofrotated constellations in 256-QAM, allowsonly short FEC frames (Nldpc = 16200),adds two new even more robust code rates(1/3 and 2/5), limits the size of the timeinterleaver memory to approximately halfthat of standard DVB-2, reduces thenumber of permitted mode combinations,

prohibits the use of PP8 and provides thecapability of scrambling the L1 postpreamble signalling bits.

As part of the digital switchoverprogramme, the UK has already rolled outa nationwide DVB-2 multiplex whichprovides several HD terrestrial channels.

For this trial we have combined an

HD multiplex intended for reception onxed receivers with a more robust mobileservice which could be television, radio ordata or any combination of these. In theUK, we currently use the mode 32K1/128 256-QAM 2/3 which gives a bitrateof 40.21 Mbit/sec in an 8 MHz multiplex.In the DVB-2 Lite trial, we have keptthe same mode for the HD part of themultiplex but have added a FEFcontaining the mobile service. Te HDpart of the multiplex consists of aDVB-2 frame which is 216.9 ms in

duration followed by a FEF of 44.6 ms.Tis FEF contains the DVB-2 Liteservice. Tis reduces the bitrate of the HDservice from 40.21 Mbit/sec to 33.36Mbit/sec.

Te mobile part of the service istransmitted in a more robust mode. Wehave chosen 8K 1/32 QPSK with L_DAA = 46. Tis gives a bitrate of 1.02Mbit/sec for the mobile service. Te HD

part of the service is contained within aFEF of the mobile service. Tis means thatthe HD service and mobile service areboth FEFs of each other.

Te modulator uses two Xilinx FPGAson Synopsys HAPS cards together withsome circuits designed by BBC R&D to

provide the transmitted DVB-2 Litesignal at UHF. Te demodulator usesthree Xilinx FPGAs on Synopsys cards toreceive the DVB-2 Lite signals.

In summary, we are delighted to havebeen able to demonstrate the successfultransmission and mobile reception ofDVB-2 Lite in London in July. Dontmiss the demonstration at IBC so we cantell you more about the trial.

DVB-T2 LiteBBC Tests New Prole forMobile Applications

Justin Mitchell, Lead Engineer, BBC R&D

Justin Mitchell

L-R: BBCs Andrew Murphy, Justin Mitchell and Martin Thorpe

Stand No. 1.D81


8/16

Over the last 10 years, CAPEX has drivennetwork investments. Tis led to networks

with poor eciency. oday, as environmentalrequirements (carbon footprint) are becoming

more important and energy prices rise, OPEX isnow a key factor in the broadcasters investmentpolicy.

Peak average energy costs continue to riseand networks continue to become denser.ransmission power consumption is playingan increasingly important role in networkoperation. In countries where energy is rareand expensive, poor power consumptioncan delay the digital V rollout or in somecases even prevent the introduction ofnew services. Based on ongoing advancedresearch programs showing very favorable

technology advances and new transmittertechniques, this decade promises a hugeopportunity for modern digital Vtransmitters to save energy and dramaticallylower life cycle costs.Evolution in high power V/UHF transistor

Latest LDMOS transistors have beendesigned for high Peak to Average Power Ratio(PAPR) signals like Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexing (OFDM) terrestrial

waveforms. Output power has been increasedby ve in VHF from 55Wrms to 250Wrms andby four in UHF from 35Wrms to 120Wrms.Termal resistance has been reduced by a factorof four enabling better power and transistorVSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)reliability has been improved (10:1 to 65:1).Overall eciency has been improved by 35percent in VHF and by 40 percent in UHF.Improvements in digital pre-distortion

Since the introduction of DigitalAdaptive Pre-correction (DAP) in 1998, realtime algorithms have improved transmitterperformance, enabling them to operate attheir maximum quality without the need formaintenance.

Applicable PAPR techniquesDVB-2 has introduced for the rst time

in the OFDM standard, advanced clippingfunctions called PAPR techniques, consistingof reducing signal Peak to RMS ratio in

the OFDM signal. Tese techniques calledActive Constellation Extension (ACE) andone Reserved (R) have been introducedin DVB-2. Te ACE technique consists of

extending outer constellation points on theclipped signal while tone reservation methodmodulates iteratively a few reserved carriers (1percent) to reduce PAPR. Up to a 10 percenteciency improvement is obtained for xedtransmission with tone reservation. Higher gainsfor mobile transmission and lower constellationorders are achieved using ACE (typically about1.5 dB net gain for a QPSK signal).TV transmitter efciency status today

Class AB with pre-correction remains thestate-of-the-art modulation choice for digitalV/UHF V transmitters today. While feed-

forward represents an alternative with an overalleciency of 10 to 15 percent, digital pre-distortion remains the most ecient solutionshowing gures between 20 and 25 percent.High efciency modulation techniques

Various new techniques are and will beavailable as better power devices are introduced.Te rst of them is the Doherty technique. Teprinciple of the technique is to adapt the loadin function of the output power. Te load isoptimized in order to produce the maximumpower of the ampliers with the maximumeciency. Tis load adaptation is made

dynamically by using two dierent ampliers.Doherty ampliers are in use for telecom bandsbut such ampliers are narrowband (+/-30 to40 MHz) and do not really t the wideband

operation required by V broadcasting (170to 240 MHz in VHF and 470 to 860 MHz inUHF).

Te Drain Modulation principle uses theenvelope signal to dynamically control thepower supply of the transistor. Tis avoids theeciency penalty that arises with AB Classampliers at low amplitudes. Tis technique is

wideband and is applicable to V broadcast.Ongoing advanced studies are conducted on

Switched Mode that enables direct generationof RF signals by high power digital to analogconverter devices. Te rst prototypes of

switched mode devices at low power are beingstudied now but their introduction is notplanned in the short term.Implementation o new eatures & impact onchoice or the uture

Advanced transmitter techniques enable lowmaintenance while eciency techniques reducethe energy bill over the transmitter life cycle.Besides helping to reduce the carbon footprintof the transmitter network the annual savings,per 5 kWrms digital DVB transmitter, rangesfrom 3,500 Euros to 12,000 Euros per yearbased on current energy costs.

Jerome David , holds a Masters Degreefrom ENSERG. He specializes in OFDMand SFN deployment and on DVB,MediaFLO and ATSC-MH standardization.


Green TransmittersEnergy saving and life cycle costreduction for modern digital

V/UHF TV transmittersJerome David,

Strategic Marketing Manager, Thomson Broadcast

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

0

CostofEnergyperYear()

Cost of Energy per Yearat 5cts per kW/h ()

Cost of Energy per Year

at 7.5cts per kW/h ()

Cost of Energy per Yearat 10cts per kW/h ()

Cost of Energy per Year ()

Consumptionper Year

251412kW/h

Consumptionper Year

128873kW/h

2000(32V)

2010(50V)

2011(50V+DPD+PAPR)

2013(50V+Drain Mod.)

Consumption per Year and Cost of Energy based on 5kWrms UHF Transmitter



Energyconsumptionin consumerelectronics

is a key consideration, governed byevolving regulations. Te Energy RelatedProducts directive 2009/125/EC requiresmanufacturers to consider product designand supply chain aspects covering materialsused, manufacturing process, packaging,transport, installation, use, maintenanceand disposal. Printed manuals have beenreplaced by online or on screen guides,European manufacture and the use oflighter materials can reduce the impactof transportation, longer warranties andavailability of service components, alladdress these eco design requirements.European Commission regulation EC642/2009 for televisions reduces the powerrequirements over time. Te o modepower limit shall not exceed 300mW asfrom August 2011, and on mode powerrequirements are reduced as from April2012. Early plasma IDVs consumedhundreds of watts, whereas the on modepower limit from next year for a typical 40inch IDV must not exceed 168 Watts.

In November, the EU regulation1062/2010 will enforce energy labelling,

where the rating is determined by theenergy eciency when measured andcompared to a calculated power ratingfor a given screen size and functionality.

A power allowance is made for multipletuners and internal hard disk drives neededfor recording. o achieve an A rating fora typical 40 inch single tuner IDV willrequire the on mode power not to exceed63 Watts. Meeting all these requirements isnow the focus for new IDV designs.

Manufacturers want to dierentiatetheir IDVs, oering their customersadvanced connectivity, including LANor WiFi, browsers, better contrast ratio,refresh rate and dierent screen sizes, butthis has to be balanced against the power

required. Te actual power used willdepend on what functions are being used,for example, whether a CI+ CAM or USBdrive is inserted or multiple recordings arebeing made using satellite broadcasts, whereexternal LNB power has to be provided.

Tere are also standby trade-os; ifthe unit has a very low standby, or an omode, then the user has to wait whilst allthe functions of the IDV are initialized,although suspend techniques can improvethis. In standby, the IDV must stillrespond to IR commands, timers, HDMIor SCAR signalling.

Te directive has reduced the standbyconsumption to a maximum of 0.5 Wattsand therefore careful design of the powermanagement is needed. Although SwitchMode Power Supplies are relatively ecient

when delivering the required on power,their ineciency is a large percentageof the standby allowance. Separatemicrocontrollers and ultra-ecient powersupplies are therefore needed just for thestandby functionality. Physical o switchesor o modes, with user congurable timers,or triggered after a late night recording ismade, or the user leaves the room, meansthe IDV will then consume signicantlyless than the mandated o requirement.

Backlight technology for LCD Vs isanother key design consideration whereCCFL or LED is used. LED backlightingcan be edge LED or full dynamic LED

backlighting. With improvements in thetranslucency of panels and design of thebacklighting, less illumination is neededand the number of LEDs used can bereduced to save power. Dynamic controlof the LED backlighting, depending onthe content of the image displayed, both

improves contrast ratio and aects powerconsumption. urning the LEDs o behindthe black bars when displaying ultra widescreen content, or providing automaticambience brightness control where thebacklight level is adjusted depending on theroom lighting level, can save power. Teuser can be provided with information onthe power being consumed when adjustingthe display and backlight settings. Powercan also be optimized in non-viewing modefor audio or radio use only.

Manufacturers are therefore incurring

considerable eort and cost to addressthese directives and although the energycost saving to the consumer per year is low,the energy saved when multiplied acrossmillions of IDVs being sold each year willsignicantly reduce overall energy demand.

Eco DesignReducing power consumptionin Integrated Digital TVs

Martin Cole, Managing Director, TechniSat Digital UK Ltd.Martin Cole

Energy Saving TechniSat MultyVision HD Series


10/16

Tis article explores how the low powermode allows low power consumption instandby conditions by powering down themain DVB chips and its internal clocks.

Te European CommissionsRegulation No. 1275/2008 and its

Directive 2005/32/EC dene the rulesand schedules for implementations ofthe standby and o modes electric powerconsumption of electrical and electronichousehold and oce equipment.Basically, any equipment must not exceedthe maximum of 1 Watt in o mode orstandby mode and starting from 2012 thepower consumption is further reducedto 0.5 Watt. o this end, this equipmentshall have an o mode and a standbymode.

One example of an always connecteddevice is a DVB IP SB. Tis DVB IPSB has a remote control to managethe functions, such as channel selection,

settings for the reception of the transportstream and media function.

A key function on the remote control isthe standby with its specic button for On/O or On/SBY. Tis button has a centralfunction in the decision chain that places

the device into a power saving standbymode. Before explaining the mechanism ofthe power saving standby mode it needs tobe understood which components insidea DVB device consume the most power.Tese are: DVB tuner and demodulator Main MCU or SB chip Memory Ethernet Power supply

Te central device of a DVB SB is theSoC with an embedded MPU. Tis devicesupports these main features: An interface for the DVB tuner to

receive the transport stream Memory control for the main program

and data on a ash memory, and towork the program from RAM memory

An interface to the IP via Ethernet link Drive the external display through

HDMI Internal clock generation

Te main SB chip has several workingstates, such as reset, normal or idle mode

operation, application running mode andlow power mode. Te following highlightsthe two modes normal and lower power.Te aforementioned SBY key on theremote control and its IR code manage thetransition between these two modes.

Te prerequisites of a low power modeare as follows: Remote control IR key to trigger the

transition Software that is able to convert the IR

key into a lower power mode sequence

and vice versa to turn the DVB receiveron again Specic hardware inside the SB chip

to power down clocks and functionalblocks of the chip

Power consumption can be reduced bydisabling a number of blocks like audioand video DACs, the HDMI interface,the memory interface or external interface,like USB or SAA. A second means ofpower reduction is to stop internal clocks

or reduce clock frequencies to a minimum,in order to further enable execution ofprogram software. Te third action foran ecient low power mode is to putthe DDR memory into self-refreshingmode. Key software code and parametersare stored in the cache memory of theembedded MPU from the DDR beforegoing into low power mode. Te fourthand nal action is to halt the embeddedCPU by executing the sleep instruction.Te power consumption of the main deviceinside the DVB receiver box is reducedfrom an average 2.1 Watt, to 0.22 Watt,to achieve the target of Directive 2005/32/EC. Also in this mode, unnecessary clocksshould be stopped. Once this is alsoenabled with the Local Memory Interface,the device consumes just 0.184 Watt.

In order to return to normal operationthe program of the embedded CPU needsto be executed from the cache memoryof this embedded CPU. Te restart timeto go from low power mode to normalor idle mode is 0.17 msec. Te diagram

shows how the software goes from lowpower mode to idle mode and the relatedactivation of the functional blocks.


Power SaversLow Power Set-Top Boxes FulllEU Regulations for Standby

Mario Bollinger,Senior Marketing Engineer, STMicroelectronics

Low Power Mode

Press IR Key

IR Event?

Power Key

Identify the received IR Key(program in cache)

Exit LMI from a self refresh

Restitute the clocks to normalmode using the CKGA & CKGB

conguration registers

Reset LPA CountersReset the global powerdown command

Power ON EMI, PCI, key scan and USB, SATAand thermal sensor Power On Audio DACs and FS,HDMI, enable HD & SD DACs

Normal Mode

No

No

Mario Bollinger



DVB standards are free, but this does notmean that they come free of cost. Creatinga standard is a major eort and requiresheavy investment and commitment from ourMembers. DVB Members have to send theiremployees to the meetings which means,amongst other things, travelling costs andtime invested. It is therefore in the interest ofall participants to make the standardizationprocess as ecient as possible.

Te DVB looked into this issueand is now oering various solutions tothis challenge. Face to face meetings instandardization will always be necessary.However, they can be complemented

quite signicantly by phone and/or videoconferencing, as well as web conferences

which allow the sharing of documentsand working on them collaboratively.

Web conferences also allow the use of theinternet for voice transmission so that notelephone lines are required. Te popularityof online meetings is clearly representedin the graph. Whereas the number of daysfor meetings in 2010 as compared to 2009has been slightly reduced, the number oftelephone conferences has signicantlyincreased. Also webinars, which are onlyin existence since 2010, have becomeextremely popular with our Members.

In times of ever increasing competition,participation in standardization activitieslike DVB is a competitive advantage.However DVB Members must also use theirresources in the most ecient way. TeDVB supports the Members in optimizingthe participation in DVB meeting byproviding the necessary infrastructure viatelephone and internet tools. Membercompanies clearly benet as employeesspend less time out of the oce and theydo not have to pay travel costs. Also, theenvironment wins because fewer peopletravelling means less energy consumption as

well as reduced CO2 transmissions.

Green StandardsThe Eciency ofStandardization Meetings

Dsire Gianetti & Peter Siebert, DVB

BroadcastAsia is now the Asian regionspremier conference and exhibition eventfor the broadcasting industry. It attractsvisitors from not only within the region butalso worldwide. DVB-2 technology wascertainly in focus at this years event withmany booths exhibiting a wide range of

products for this new exciting technology.DVB was very much in presence with avery attractive and eye catching booth.

Again, our own exhibits were on DVB-2.We demonstrated Multiple PLP

showing 3D and HD multiplexed on onePLP as well as standard denition serviceson a second pipe, and a mobile service onanother with a C/N capability of 3.3db. Inaddition to this, a separate demonstration

was directed to countries using the 6MHzfrequency channeling framework. Tis

exhibit demonstrated the transmission ofve HD services (using third generationencoders) at 36Mb/s on a 6MHz RFchannel. o receive these services we useda Ross DVB-2 SB, which is availableat a very attractive price. Tis exhibit

was received with great interest by thePhilippine delegation who attended BCA2011.

Te promotion for DVB-2 atBCA was very much highlighted by theregulators announcement of Singaporesintention for early migration to this new

second generation DVB-2 standard,indicating that they will have in placeby this coming September a nationwidetrial network. Te announcement wasmade by the Minister for Information,Communications and the Arts, Dr YacoobIbrahim, at the opening ceremony. TeDVB-2 network will be used as a testbed for new and innovative content andservices, as well as indoor reception.

As an adjunct to the exhibition,DVB also organized a full day conferencesession dedicated to DVB new systems

and standards which focused onDVB-2. Eleven presentations weredelivered, supported by many of ourexpert DVB Members. Tis includedEnensys, eamCast, -Vips, Newtec,

SMicroelectronics, Media Broadcast,Viaccess, Rhode & Schwartz and Ericsson.Presentations were also given by PeterSiebert and John Bigeni of the DVBand the session was chaired by ay JooTong from Mediacomm Associates. Tesession was very successful in providinginformation on many aspects of this newtechnology from program generation,encoding, modulation, transmission

through to receiver chipsets, etc. Tesession was extremely well attended andconsistent with the very high interestshown for DVB-2, not only at thisconference but indeed the whole Asianregion.

Attention Grabber

DVB-T2 in the Spotlight at BroadcastAsiaJohn Bigeni, DVB

300

250

200

150

100

50

0Meeting days Telcos Webinars

2010

2009

2010

2009

2010


12/16

wo years ago a state D programwas initiated in Russia, with the goalof addressing the problem of televisionreception in remote and rural areas and toboost the Russian V industry. Te plancalls for three multiplexes broadcasting25 free-to-air V channels. Furthermultiplexes are expected on a commercialbasis.

Currently only one multiplex is inoperation and is under governmentcontrol. It broadcasts eight channels withtheir distribution costs partly met by thestate. Also, at this stage the only operatorthat has a license for D distributionis the state-owned RRS Company. Itbroadcasts to the boundary regions of thefar eastern and south western areas of thecountry, while most other regions havetesting zones.

Prior to the start of the governmentprogram, six or seven D commercial

projects were launched in Russia. Someof them are still active but at present theirstatus is unclear, as they are not in theframework of the state program and havelost the nancial support of the regionalauthorities.

Te main event this summer inthe D deployment process was thegovernment committee meeting heldin July that had two main issues on theagenda. Te rst topic was the possiblemove from DVB- to DVB-2, and thesecond was a decision regarding encrypted

services on the free-to-air multiplexes.Te committee recognized DVB-2 asa promising format and recommendarranging DVB-2 testing zones. RRSgave further information indicating that

there are plans to switch existing networksto DVB-2 as well. Te decision onencrypted services was not disclosed.

I do hope that the introduction ofDVB-2 will be reasonably timed so asnot to harm the existing market. A totaland rapid switch to DVB-2 wouldrequire consumers to purchase newequipment. Also, it could lead to the

exclusion of Russian transmitter and set-top box manufactures that currently donot have market ready DVB-2 products.Tis would be contradictory to the socialgoals of the program.

As one of the aims of the program isto promote Russian industry in the faceof competition from Southeast Asianmanufacturers, the inclusion of encryptedservices would complicate SBs anddistort free competition inside the marketas well. Consequently the choice ofSBs would shrink and the prices of the

receivers would go up and most likely becontradictory to the social goals of theprogram.

Tere are also other problems on thehorizon. One of the most important isthe absence of technical requirementsfor consumer receivers, and the lack ofpromotional schemes for the service.RRS has been tasked with the transitionbecause of its experience in broadcasting;however it is not experienced in all thenecessary aspect of the project.

Tere still are some unclear issues

concerning the cooperation of RRS withthe satellite and cable operators. However,I dont think that the deployment of therst multiplex will impact other segmentsof the digital V market, particularly

the well-developed DH segment. Tereare currently seven satellite platformsin Russia. All together they form acompetitive market oering variouspackages from basic V to HDV, andinteractive services. At least two platforms,ricolor V and elekarta, successfullyserve the main targeted audience ofthe D social program, particularly

consumers with poor terrestrial service. Itcan be expected that D might enticetheir potential subscribers, attracted bythe free packages oered, however it

will not aect their current subscribernumbers. An early switch to DVB-2and the introduction of encrypted serviceson free-to-air multiplexes would makeD less attractive for lower-incomehouseholds which would prefer to stay

with the satellite platforms.Cable V is well established in Russia,

but the number of digital subscribers is

small for several reasons. Tere is a goodchance that the introduction of D willalso lead to digital CAV services.

Some low budget networks hopeto take advantage of the situation byproviding analog services during thetransition period. Te early transitionto DVB-2 and the introduction ofencrypted services on social multiplexes

would be mainly benecial to theseoperators.

I hope that these problems will besolved and the introduction of DVB-2

will be well timed so not to harmthe existing ecosystem. Only pay Voperators and some manufactures willbenet from haste, and not the targetedaudience.


In My OpinionDigital TV in Russia Getting It Right

Anna Biteleva , Deputy Chief Editor of Tele-Sputnik Magazine

Anna Biteleva is the Deputy Chief Editor of Tele-Sputnik

Magazine. Tele-Sputnik was launched in 1995 as the rst

Russian SAT-TV and CATV monthly magazine. Nowadays, it

covers all issues of digital television such as cable and satellite

TV, IPTV, Web TV, terrestrial, mobile TV and home networking.

The triple play technologies and data transmission, such as

internet via satellite or Ethernet and DOCSIS for CATV operators

are also discussed on its pages. Tele-Sputniks website attracts

a signicant community of satellite system installers, as well

as satellite and cable operators. It is also visited by system

integrators and manufactures.

www.telesputnik.ru


13/16

Although a growing number of regionswithin Western Europe have completedtransitions from terrestrial analog V toDVB-, there are still many countries(especially in Eastern Europe, the MiddleEast, and parts of Africa) that are onlybeginning the work of building theirDVB- or DVB-2 systems.

In fact, approximately 70% of the

worlds countries have yet to begincommercial digital terrestrial V servicesand those countries that are just nowbeginning their plans have the opportunityto learn from those who went beforethem. Although transitions have beenmostly successful, missteps have occurredand, in many cases, those missteps serveas cautionary tales for broadcasters andgovernment regulators. One, however,is frequently repeated: Te exclusion ofnontechnical stakeholders (politicians not

withstanding) in the very beginning ofplanning a D system.

Te drive and vision to create a Dsystem understandably comes frombroadcast engineers. It seems natural thatdecision making about analog to digital Vtransitions is, at the very core, a technicalone. After all, it is the engineers who willbe responsible for building the system,integrating it with other delivery platformsand maintaining it long after the rst D

transmitters are erected.Many in the industry instinctively

think of an analog to digital transitionas a technical problem to be solved, notas a transformation of an old system toa new system that can help improve thecommunications of an entire populationand government. Although it may seemthat retailers, government policymakers,and business leaders can parachute intothe planning process once the technicalspecications, standards selection, andspectrum mapping studies have beencompleted, these decisions have a profound

impact on all aspects of a transition. oname only a few: the degree of ease in

which retailers can source D receivers;whether citizens can access their favoriteprogramming in a neighboring countrypost analog shut o; and how governmentsubsidy programs are designed.

In the end, the ability for all citizens toaordably acquire a receiver is paramount.Te adoption of a common transmissiontechnology (i.e., DVB) across a largeregion helps to accomplish this goal withoperational, equipment and human capitaleciencies. Tose pan regional eciencies,in part, have made DVB- (and 2) themost widely adopted digital terrestrialstandard in the world.


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Making the right choice

Moore Analysis

Transmission Standards Selected byCountries Around the World

Myra Moore, chief analyst, Digital Tech Consulting.DTC is a boutique market research rm that analyzes theworldwide consumer digital TV market and aids countries in

transitions to DTT.

For more information, please see: http://dtcreports.com/dtv.aspx

Not implemented or undecided

DMB-T

ISDB-T

DVB-T/T2

ATSCSource:

DTC


14/16

www.neotion.com www.pixelmetrix.com

www.echostar-europe.com

www.blankom-digital.de

MARKET WATCH


The Irdeto Cloaked CAM is targeted at massretail markets where devices are distributedto consumers without operators smart cards.

The device can be prepared for use withmultiple operators, each of which uses itsown Irdeto CAS. Security updates and newfunctionalities are downloaded over the airto the device, eliminating costly card swaps.

This CAM uses a Neotion secure chipset forcontrol word encryption and as a hardwareroot of trust for the Cloaked CA Agent.

The Pixelmetrix Consolidator providescentralized access and visibility ofkey network fault and performanceinformation. Scalable to thousands ofprobes and millions of data points, ittracks all parameters in real time, througha combination of push notications andinformation pull mechanisms, enablingfaster fault resolution, thus improvingQuality of Service. It also gives anaggregated view for display on a videowall. This view combines data collectedfrom dierent monitoring points within thenetwork.

Blankom Digitals B-NOVA chassis is a basefor an IPTV modular platform and cable TVheadend. The chassis enables the operatorto set up a very compact headendconguration using various processing andinterfacing modules. It scales from onechassis headend in a box to a multiple

chassis system for bigger headend systems the system is designed to grow with yourbusiness. It is designed for very highperformance, high density and very lowpower consumption.

www.protelevision.com

EchoStar has recently launched a newDVB-S2 digital video recorder that allowsconsumers to watch the UKs Freesatanywhere inside or outside the home onpopular mobile devices. The TV anywhereconcept, powered by fully integrated,SlingLoaded technology, enables consumersto use the downloadable SlingPlayer Mobileapp to watch live TV, schedule recordingsand access their recording library anywherethere is a broadband internet or 3Gconnection; iPad, iPhone and Androiddevices are amongst those supported.

ProTelevision Technologies has extendedtheir DVB-T2 product range to include alsoan ISO channel repeater (Gap ller) withecho cancelling. This latest addition to theproduct portfolio showcases the exibilityof the generic product platform PT2000;the function (modulator or repeater) andthe specic terrestrial broadcast format aredened simply by the software loaded.

www.oceanbluesoftware.com

Ocean Blue Software has released amultiprocess version of Sunrise DVB,operating as either the system core or asa plug-in module, supporting multiplepresentation engines and other processesrunning alongside the DVB core. Thenew version has added the ability to linkexternal graphic environments to Sunriseto generate the UI, such as QT, CSS3 orAdobe Flash.
http://www.enensys.com/


15/16

www.roverinstruments.comwww.teamcast.com


www.t-vips.com

www.verimatrix.com

www.work-microwave.de

WORK Microwave has released its next generation DVB-S/S2Modulator. The new design includes: multistream technologythat allows users to aggregate up to six independent TransportStreams into one DVB-S2 carrier while maintaining the integrityof the original content. Transport Stream over IP in addition tothe known ASI interface transport over IP is also available. Theuser interface has a powerful web interface that supports easieraccess to all the new features in this product update.

The new Atom HD from RoverInstruments supports all TVstandards including DVB-T2. Itcan analyze and measure SAT,

TV, CATV, ber optic and IPTVdistribution systems and can showMPEG-2 and MPEG-4, HD & SDpictures. This professional meteris compact, light (2.5 Kg) andeasy-to-use with intuitive and fast

navigation, thanks to direct keyfunctions and dual displays.

TeamCast has developed arange of products for the DVB-T2standard. The MT2 OEM modulatoris targeted to meet transmittermanufacturers requirementsfor high quality DVB-T2 networkinfrastructures: SFN/MISO, MultiplePLP, in full compliancy with DVB-T2Gateways. The manufacturerclaims that it is already deployedon DVB-T2 commercial networks,and is a future proof platform. The

RQX DVB-T2 OEM probe for QoSmeasurement implements RF inputlevel monitoring, RF spectrumdisplay with spectrum shouldermeasurements, I/Q constellationoutputs, MER, etc.

www.rohde-schwarz.com

The R&S DVMS DTV monitoringsystem from Rohde & Schwarzprovides full monitoring of DVB-T2networks. Two new optionsmake the system a solution thatcombines all monitoring functionsfor DVB-T2 networks in a single

instrument. Network operatorscan monitor both the DVB-T2transmitter and the signal feed viathe T2 modulator interface (T2-MI)without any additional equipment.Plus, the instrument supports themonitoring of single frequencynetworks (SFN) and of the RFspectrum (shoulder measurement).

w.technisat.com

TechniSat has launched itsDigiCorder ISIO, a hybrid HDTVsatellite set-top box with IPand browser functionality andembedded HDD. With a twin tuner,Conax and Nagravision CA systems,2 CIslots with CI+ support, Linux

operation system, Opera webbrowser and HbbTV capability, itoers a lot of value added features.With the newly designed onscreendisplay, an app bar which may belled optionally and a linklist forwebsites, the IPfunctionality can beused very easily.

The Verimatrix ViewRight CI+ for connected TV implements thevideo content authority system (VCAS) security functions withiniDTVs. The CI+ CAM, featuring a hardened implementation of the

systems security functionality, is provisioned and authenticatedas a client device to a VCAS for DVB hybrid headend. VCAS forDVB hybrid oers a modern smart cardless security architecture

by leveraging the IPconnectivity forauthentication, signalingand proactive update cycles,and thereby turning iDTVsinto DVB-IP hybrid receivers.

The TVG425 is the newest member of the T-VIPS Video Gateway

suite, designed for real time video contribution and distribution.Key features of the unit include; transmission of up to eightMPEG-2 Transport Streams, output diversity with up to eightcopies on ASI, 64 on IP, automatic failover switching betweenredundant ASI and/or IP inputs, 2 GE interfaces for TransportStreams over IP, FEC (SMPTE 2022-1 compliant) and integrated1PPS/10MHz input for clock resynchronization for SFN operation.
http://www.enensystest.com/


16/16

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Ph

ilippe

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Rack Modulator

MT2-2000/3000OEM Modulator

Be DVB-T2 compliant today TeamCast has delivered several thousands of DVB-T modulatorsover the last decade, and now releases a new product range for DVB-T2 projects as well as for DVB-T

DVB-T2 ready roll-outs.

Choosing TeamCast Technology is a guarantee for successfully integrating proven and reliable

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Documents

DVB-SCENE38 Ciclo Vida