VEHICULAR ENGINEERING LABORATORY

Sergio L. Braga

Dual Fuel Diesel – Ethanol Engines

Rio de Janeiro, RJ

Outubro, 2012

Aplicações do Etanol para Motores Automotivos

Sergio L. Braga

slbraga@puc-rio.br

Team PROFESSORS

Ana Rosa Martins - PhD

Carlos Valois Maciel Braga – PhD

Juan José Milón Guzmán – UCSP – PhD

Luis Fernando Figueira da Silva – PhD

Marcos Sebastião de Paula Gomes – PhD

Sergio Leal Braga – PhD

RESEARCH ENGINEERS Epifânio Mamani Ticona – PhD

Fernando Zegarra Sanchez - MSc

Giovanni Calfa Neto

Gustavo Vianna Cezar - MSc

Jorge Dias Lage - MSc

Juan Carlos Valdez Loaiza – MSc

Julio Cesar Egusquiza – PhD

Leonardo Costa Braga - MSc

Nestor Correa Cotelo - MSc

Rogério Rodrigues

Severino A. Wanderley

TECHNICAL SUPPORT Bruno Alves Maia

Felipe de Araújo Gomes

Gerson Silvério

Gilson Coutinho Pradanoff

Jorge Ricardo Moura de Souza Júnior

Raí Pereira de Gouveia

STUDENTS

Antonio Carlos Scardini Villela - D

Alfredo Pinto Fontoura Filho – G

Augusto Cesar da Rosa Correia - G

Eduardo Bolonhez - M

Felipe Murad - G

Fiorella Del Carmen Alvaro Cabrera - M

Igor Soares Campos - G

Luis Alberto Navarro Rosales - M

Luis Gustavo Poli - M

Marvin Chancan Leon – M

Pedro Marcondes Montaleone – M

Pedro Romano – M

Rodolfo de Oliveira da Paixão - G

ADMINISTRATION Janaína Braga

Alexandre

LEV / PUC - Rio

LABORATÓRIO DE

ENGENHARIA VEICULAR

Vehicle Test Facilities

Chassis Dynamometer

OBS 2200 HORIBA

On Board System

Vehicle Test Facilities

Emission Analysis

AVL START 240 (240 kW, 8.000 RPM, 600 Nm)

Engine Test Facilities

Engine Test Facilities

AVL START 240 (AVL-Start High Speed Data Acquisition)

Engine Test Facilities

AVL APA 404/8 (440 kW, 8.000 RPM, 2000Nm)

Engine Test Facilities

AVL APA 404/8 (AVL Puma-Open Automation System)

Engine Test Facilities

AVL Indimeter

Data Acquisition System

AVL Piezoelectric Pressure Sensor

Installed in one of the Engine's Cylinders

IMEP - Indicated Mean

Effective Pressure

AVL 439 Opacimeter and

AVL 415s Smoke Meter

for particulate emission

evaluation of the exhaust gas.

TESTO 350 XL System to

measure the CO, HC, NOX,

O2 concentrations of the

exhaust gas.

Engine Test Facilities

Emissions Test Instruments

Combustion Test Facilities

Rapid Compression Machine – Testem / High Speed Camera - Photron

Prior Experience

Concluded Projects

DIESEL /GÁS (2002/04) - FINEP CTPETRO-PETROBRAS

ROLO80 (2002/04) - FINEP CTPETRO-PETROBRAS

DIESEL /GÁS II (2004/05) - PETROBRAS

RODOVIÁRIO (2005/07) - FINEP CTPETRO-PETROBRAS

EMISSÕES (2005/06) - BRASYMPE

COGERAR (2005/06) - BRASYMPE

GERAÇÃO DIESEL / GÁS (2005/07) - BRASYMPE

Prior Experience

Concluded Projects

SUBSDIESEL (2005/07) - BRASYMPE

PROJETO FERROVIÁRIO (2006/08) - VALE-PETROBRAS-BR/ES-

WHITE

COMP/RÁPIDA (2007/10) - FINEP CTPETRO-PETROBRAS

DIESEL /GÁS III (2008/09) - PUC

DIESEL /BIOGÁS (2009) - ETE ALEGRIA

LEV 80 (2009) – PETROBRAS

FERRY BOAT (2007/10) – TWB

EP6 COLD START (2010-2012) – PUC – PSA – IFP

Concluded Projects – DIESEL/GÁS

Concluded Projects – DIESEL/GAS

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Taxa de Substituição Diesel/Gás

Re

nd

ime

nto

Té

rmic

o (

%)

105,6 cv

83,1 cv

58,0 cv

30,5 cv

16,9 cv

117,4 cv

Concluded Projects – DIESEL/GÁS

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Taxa de Substituição Diesel/Gás

Co

nc

en

tra

çã

o d

e P

art

icu

lad

os

(m

g/m

3)

105,6 cv

83,1 cv

30,5 cv

16,9 cv

117,4 cv

0 cv

Experimental evaluation and Diesel engine performace

predictions consuming natural gas

Diesel/Gas Engines on AVL Test Bed Dynamometer (START 240)

Fonte: (Pereira, 2006)

MWM 4.07 TCA MWM 4.10 TCA

MWM D229 - 6 TD229 – EC6

First Electric Generators Convertion Kit

Second Generation Kits

Concluded Project - LOCOMOTIVA

Combustion Test Facilities

Rapid Compression Machine – Testem / High Speed Camera - Photron

Natural Gas

Air

Rapid Compression

Machine

High Speed Camera

Diesel

Experimental Apparatus

Pressure Sensor

Amplifier

Injector Solenoide

Rail

High Pressure

Pump

Admission Air and Natural

Gas

Experimental Apparatus

Test Section

RCM Control Room

Diesel Results

Diesel – Gas Preliminar Results

Diesel e Diesel – Gas Results

Diesel and Diesel – Gas Results

Diesel Combustion

Diesel – Gas Combustion

Concluded Project : Naval Propulsion

Concluded Project : Naval Propulsion

Evolution of the Kit Diesel/Gás

Performance of a Diesel Engine Operating in

Ethanol-Diesel Bi-Fuel Mode

Installations of Experimental Engine Test Bed (Engine MWM 4.10 TCA).

Performance of a Diesel Engine Operating in

Ethanol-Diesel Bi-Fuel Mode

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Taxa de Substituição Diesel / Álcool (%)

Ren

dim

en

to T

érm

ico

(%

)

100% Carga

75% Carga

51% Carga

27% Carga

11% Carga

Performance of a Diesel Engine Operating in

Ethanol-Diesel Bi-Fuel Mode

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Fração da Carga (%)

Te

mp

era

tura

de

Es

ca

pe

(oC

)

Diesel-Álcool

Diesel

Performance of a Diesel Engine Operating in

Ethanol-Diesel Bi-Fuel Mode

ângulo (graus)

p (bar)

TS = 0%

TS = 47,2%

TS = 42,6%

TS = 31,6%

TS = 20,8%

TS = 10,9%

1800 rpm

100%

Prior Experience

THEMATIC NETWORKS

REGIONAL CENTER OF COMPETENCE IN OIL

VEHICULAR DEVELOPMENT

NATURAL GAS TECNOLOGY

STELLAB PSA PEUGEOT CITRÖEN

AWARDS

PETROBRAS DE TECNOLOGIA 2ª EDIÇÃO - 2005

Tecnologia do Uso do Gás Natural – Doutorado

I PRÊMIO BAHIAGÁS DE INOVAÇÃO – FAPESB – 2008

PETROBRAS DE TECNOLOGIA 4ª EDIÇÃO - 2008

Tecnologia do Uso do Gás Natural – Doutorado

STELLAB PSA PEUGEOT CITRÖEN

Current Projects

MCR-FLEX (2008-12) – PUC – PETROBRAS – IFP

ENGINE TEST BENCH (2010-2012) – PUC – WEG – CNPq

OPTFLEX (2012-2013) – PUC – PSA – PETROBRAS

HCCI (2012-2014) – PUC – PSA

DI ETHANOL (2012-2014) – PUC – PSA

DIESEL-ETHANOL (2012-2014) – PUC – PSA

HYBRID BUS (2012-.....) – PUC - ......

URBAN ELECTRIC VEHICLE (2012-.....) – PUC - ......

Actual Major Cooperation Partners

PETROBRAS – Brasil – 2002 – Engines, vehicles and fuels

FINEP – Brasil – 2002 – Energy and vehicles

UFPR – Brasil – 2004 - Fuels

UCSP – Peru – 2004 - Fuels

UTN – Argentina – 2006 - Fuels

FRAUNHOFER – Germany – 2006 - NDT

IFP - France – 2007 – CFD – Optical Methods

INMETRO – Brasil - 2007 – Biofuels

WEG – BRASIL – 2009 – Automation and Power Train

PSA – BRASIL – 2010 – Biofuel Combustion

New Installations

LEV-01

LEV-02 – NRCP – PUC-Rio - 2011

LEV-03 – PTI – INMETRO – Duque de

Caxias - 2012

New Installations

LEV-01

Will be remodeled to

serve as a vehicle

workshop

• Electric / Hybrid

• Formula University

Extension Basement – LEV-02

Space for advanced

fundamental studies.

• Combustion (HCCI,

CAI,…)

• Transparent Engines

• Rapid Compression

Machines

• Automation (HCCI….)

• Development of engine

and chassis

dynamometers

PTI – INMETRO – LEV-03

PTI – INMETRO – LEV-03

PTI – INMETRO – LEV-03

PTI – INMETRO – LEV-03

PTI – INMETRO – LEV-03

Existing - PUC-Rio

To be acquired

Approved BNDES

Acquired RTDV

CNPq - WEG

FINEP Infra

Sergio L. Braga

slbraga@puc-rio.br