Drugs in viva

Drugs in viva

Kripali rai080201336

Kripali rai080201336

Catogaries:• Emergency drugs• Antibiotics• Drugs in asthama• Steroids• Anticonvulsants• Cardiac drugs

antibiotics• Ceftazidime, cefotaxime.• Procaine penicillin, benzyl

penicillin, benzathin penicillin, ampicillin.

• Gentamycin, amikacin, streptomycin.

Cephalosporins:• Ceftazidime :

3rdgeneration(pseudomonas). route: parentral. side effects: neutropenia,

thrombocytopenia, ↑ serum transaminase and blood urea.

use: febrile neutropenia.

Cephalosporins:• Cefotaxime: not active against

anaerobes route: parentral indications: meningitis, life

threatening resistant/ hospital acquired infection,septicemia & infections in immunocompromised.

Cephalosporins:Adverse effects:• Pain (thrombophlebitis)• Diarrhoea• Hypersenstivity• Nephrotoxicity• Bleeding• Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

Cephalosporins:Uses:• Alternative to PnG• Respiratory, soft tissue & urinary

infections,Septicemia.• Surgical prophylaxis• Gonorrhoea,thyphoid• Hospital acquired infections &

infections in neutropenic patients.

ß-lactam antibiotics:Penicillin-g(benzyl penicillin):• Narrow spectrum gram +ve.• Route: intravenous.• Short acting.• Dose: mild infections :50,000U–

100,000U/kg/day in divided doses every 4-6 hrsX7 days.

Severe infections :200,000U– 600,000U/kg/day in divided doses every 2-6 hrsX14 days.

ß-lactam antibiotics:Procaine penicillin :• Route: intramuscular.• Long acting.• Dose: 150,000 – 300,000U IM OD

or BID X7 days.

ß-lactam antibiotics:Benzathene penicillin:• Route: intramuscular.• Long acting.• Dose: 0.6 – 1.2million U IM

monthly.

ß-lactam antibiotics:Adverse effects:• Local irritancy & direct toxicity.• Hypersensitivity.• Jarisch-herxheimer reaction.

ß-lactam antibiotics:Uses:• Streptococcal, pneumococcal,

meningococcal infections.• Syphillis, diphtheria, tetanus and

gas gangrene.• Rare infections.• Prophylactic uses: RF, bacterial

endocarditis, agranulocytosis.

ß-lactam antibiotics:Ampicillin: oral/IV/IM• Uses: UTI. respiratory infections. meningitis. gonorrhoea. typhoid, cholecystitis. bacillary desentry. SABE. septicaemias.

Aminoglycosides:Streptomycin: gram –ve• Route: intramuscular.• Uses: tuberculosis(15mg/kg). SABE. plague. tularemia.

TuberculocidalActs on extracellular bacilliCategory ІІ in initial phase (3Xper week)

Aminoglycosides:Gentamycin: more potent broader

spectrum.• Route: parentral/eye drops/skin

creams.• Uses: respiratory infections.

pseudomonas,klebsiella/proteus meningitis. SABE.

Aminoglycosides:• Amikacin: widest spectrum

Aminoglycosides:Adverse effects:• Ototoxicity.• Nephrotoxicity.• Neuromuscular blockage.• Foetal ototoxicity during

pregnancy.• Avoid: amphotericin B,

vancomycin, cyclosporin, cysplatin.

Asthalin respules:• Inhalation through mouth via a

suitable nebulizer.• beta 2 -agonist providing short-

acting (4-6 hours) bronchodilatation with a fast onset (within 5 minutes) in reversible airways obstruction.

• 10%-20% of the dose reaches the lower airways.

Asthalin respules:• Measured amount of drug + NS

2.5-3ml.• Minimum starting dose: 0.5 ml

(2.5 mg of salbutamol), diluted to 2-2.5 ml with sterile NS (<12 yrs).

Rotahaler:

Rotahaler:

Dextrose:• Hypoglycemia.• 0.5 g/kg (2 mL/kg of 25%

dextrose) IV infusion over 2-3mins.

• 1 mg glucagon SC/IM.