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Drug Identification Tests. Catalyst – entrance quiz! Using your notes. Name two club drugs and their effects. Whats the difference between cocaine and crack cocaine?. Aim. What are the tests that forensic scientists use to determine the identity of drugs Agenda Catalyst Mini Lesson - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Drug Identification Tests
Catalyst – entrance quiz! Using your notes
Name two club drugs and their effects.
Whats the difference between cocaine and crack cocaine?
Aim What are the tests that forensic
scientists use to determine the identity of drugs
Agenda› Catalyst› Mini Lesson› Practice
Screening and Confirmation Scenario: A police officer stops a
motorist who is driving erratically and notices a bag of white powder on the front seat of the car. S/he has no idea what it is. How can S/he figure it out?
Screening and Confirmation When faced with a scenario like this,
forensic scientists have to develop a plan of action.
Two phases› Screening phase› Confirmation phase
Screening test The drug could be 1000+ commonly
encountered drugs (Rx too) Screening test – a preliminary test used
to reduce the number of possible identities of an unknown substance
Many of these = color tests. Shows what is possible and what it is
not. DOES NOT CONFIRM IDENTITY
Why can screening tests not confirm identity?
Other drugs/chemicals might react in similar ways
Color Tests Many drugs turn certain colors when
brought into contact with a chemical reagent
Chemical reagent – a substance used to detect other substances
**only for screening purposes!*
Marquis Reagent purple in presence of heroin,
morphine, opiates Reagent orange/brown in presence of
amphetamines and methamphetamine
Dillie-Koppanyi Reagent violet/blue in presence of
barbituates
Duquenois-Levine Test for marijuana Add a series of chemical solutions Turns purple when chloroform is added
Van Urk Reagent blue/purple in presence of
LSD
Scott Test Two steps! Reagent blue in presence of cocaine When add hydrochloric acid clear
pink
example Watch my mini experiment!
Phase Two: Confirmation Confirmation test - a single test that
specifically identifies a substance.
1st – make a table organizing the color indicator tests
2nd – with a partner, write a scenarios where unknown drugs were found. Then write a 1 paragraph description of what tests you would perform and what results you might see.
Name of Test
Drug its testing for
Color itll change if positive
Over the Counter Drug Lab
February 21st, 2010
Catalyst What is an over the counter drug? What are examples of over the counter
drugs that people use pretty commonly What is the difference between a
screening test and a confirmation test?
Aim What are other screening tests
performed on over the counter drugs? How do we perform these tests?
Agenda› Catalyst› Go over lab procedure› Complete lab
Learning Target I CAN describe AND perform the
laboratory tests normally used to perform a routine drug identification analysis
Take 5 minutes to read the lab
Try to fill out the table
Table on Positive ResultsBEFORE WATER UNIVERSAL
INDICATORHCl Ferric
Nitrate
Aspirin
Alka-seltzer
Tylenol
Unknown A
Unknown B
Safety precautions Wear goggles Do everything over paper towels If theres a spill, contact me. If i make someone in your group take a
time out, dont complain.
Setting up your spot platenotice how i skil every other
testsASPIRIN
ALKASELTZER
ACETOMINOPHEN
UNKNOWN A
UNKNOWN B
When you are done Wash out your materials in the sink. Leave on papertowels to dry. Return bottles/samples up to front
Lab questions due tomorrow
Try to complete them now Complete sentences Individually. Be neat. Dont fold up your paper .
chromotographyFebruary 23rd, 2010
catalyst What happens when your jeans are too
long and you walk around in the snow after a snowstorm and the snow has begun to melt?
What do your jeans look like once youve gone inside?
What do they look like when theyve dried hours later?
Aim What is chromotography? What is
chromotography used for?
Agenda› Catalyst› Demo› Mini lesson› Practice
Demo Watch my setup.
Chromotography Way to separate and identify the
components of a mixture
Useful for analyzing drug speciments that might be diluted or “cut”
Idea: chemical substances escape into surrounding environment
Example: nail polish
Liquid phase: liquid nailpolish in bottle Gas phase: gaseous vapors of
nailpolish in the air
Separation of mixtures If you have salt water, how do you
separate the salt and water?
Many types of chromotography
Thin layer chromotography Gas chromotography Ultraviolet and visible spectophotometry Infrared spectophotometry Mass spectophotometry
All are ways to figure out components of mixtures. Used across the board in allllll the sciences.
Thin Layer Chromotography (our focus)
Uses a solid stationary phase and a moving liquid phase to separate pieces of a mixture.
Quick and easy method Need tiny sample
Show you demo online first, then i’ll explain the details
http://www3.wooster.edu/Chemistry/analytical/gc/default.html
Each piece of mixture is separated by polarity
If molecule is POLAR, will not travel far If molecule is NONPOLAR, it will travel
far.
Procedure A thin plate covered in a special
coating (silica gel) Sample must be in a dissolved form One tiny sample placed on lower edge
of place, about 1 cm away from bottom Placed in a little bit of liquid. The liquid
moves up the plate takes with it certain dissolved parts.
Check out my demo
Most often parts of mixture are clear
So you have to use a different chemical reagent to show the color
Rf value Each chemical will move up a plate the
same distance. Ex: cocaine always moves up to the
same level Ex: blue ink will always move up to the
same level.
Rf value Distance traveled by component
distance traveled by liquid example:
Rf value Distance traveled by component
distance traveled by liquid example:
Homework Your discussion questions in paragraph
form The mini worksheet i gave out now.
Catalyst What is the equation for Rf value? What is Rf value useful for?
How far the spot traveled How far the liquid traveled
Catalyst Write 3 sentences explaining what we
did in the lab. Im coming around to check if youve
done this in 3 minutes.
Aim How do we conduct TLC analysis Write mini lab write up
Learning Target I can describe, explain , and perform
the process of chromatography
Rf Value Analysis How do we do it?
› Need ruler & calculator Distance moved by substance Distance moved by solvent
Step 1: Make sure your strips are in the right spot on the paper towel
(i.e. That orange spot is above MO for Methylene Orange)
Step 2: Measure from the pencil line Ms. Martin drew to the line YOU drew. › This is your DENOMINATOR
Step 3: Measure from the pencil line Ms. Martin drew to the DARKEST PART of the streak.
Step 4: Divide! Unknown 1 has TWO Rf values Unknown 2 has ONE Rf value.
Introduction Paragraph 1:
› what are the two phases of drug analysis› which phase is Thin Layer Chromatography a
part of?› Describe how thin layer chromatography is used
Paragraph 2:› Describe how Thin Layer Chromatography
works? › What ideas are they based on?› How are components separated› How is it calculated?
Aim, Hypothesis, Methods Aim
› What question are we tryhing to answer Hypothesis
› If... Then... statement Methods
› What did we do in the lab?› Write it in past tense› Can list it OR write it in paragraph form› Avoid using he/she/i/ms. martin
Data/Observations/Results Results - Data Table & Observations Rewrite the data table NEATLY on
paper. Compile the observations of your group
members. Write them up neatly.
Discussion What did we try to do int he lab? How
did we do it? What was the Rf value for each of your
samples?
ONE COPY due at the end of the period!