DRR and heritage activities in Jordan

Presentation by:

Dr. Anna Paolini

Director, UNESCO Amman Office, Jordan

Director ai, UNESCO Doha office for GCC and Yemen

AmmanAmman

Office

Policies, recommendations

•Declaration of Quebec (1996).•The Kobe/Tokyo Declaration on Risk Preparedness for Cultural Heritage (1997)•Radenci Declaration (1998);•Torino Declaration (2004)•Kyoto Declaration on the Protection of Cultural Properties, Historic Areas and their Settings from Loss in Disasters (2005);•Kobe recommendations (2005)•IDRC Davos Declaration (2006)•Delhi Declaration on Disaster Risk Reduction in Asia (2007)•World Heritage Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction (2007)•Strategy to assist States Parties to implement appropriate management responses to Climate Change on World Heritage properties (2008)•Kathmandu Recommendations (2009)•Beijing Appeal on WH, DRR and CC (2009)•Lima Declaration (2010)•ISDR Venice Declaration (2012)

Principles for DRR for cultural heritage/1

1.The key is advance planning and preparation;2.Advance planning should include concern for the whole property, its buildings, structures, and their associated contents and landscapes;3.Advance planning should integrate relevant heritage considerations within a property’s overall disaster prevention strategy;4.Preparedness requirements should be met in heritage buildings by means which will have least impact on heritage values;5.Heritage properties, their significant attributes and the disaster response history of the property should be clearly documented as a basis for appropriate disaster planning, response and recovery;

Principles for DRR for cultural heritage/2

6.Maintenance programmes for historic properties should integrate a cultural heritage-at-risk perspective;7.Property occupants and users should be directly involved in development of emergency-response plans;8.Securing heritage features should be a high priority during emergencies;9.Following a disaster, every effort should be made to ensure the retention and repair of heritage structures or features that have suffered damage or loss;10.Conservation principles should be integrated where appropriate in all phases of disaster planning, response and recovery.

Heritage contributes to DR reduction

Before and during a disaster• As a physical defense against hazards (tangible);• As a catalyzer of disaster resilient communities (intangible);

After a disaster• Providing shelter, goods and services;• As an economic asset for recovery;• Providing psychological support, strengthening identity, social cohesion;• Facilitating decision making/communication; • As an educational tool.

Petra Siq Stability project Sustainable Monitoring Techniques for Assessing Instability of Slopes in the Siq of Petra, Jordan (April 2012 – October 2014)

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Project goals Identify potential detectable unstable areas in the Siq by means of field engineering geological techniques Establishment of long-term monitoring methods of the rock-block deformation (from remote to field) Develop guidelines for sustainable landslide mitigation and management Develop a GIS common platform for storing, analysis and management of data, as well as a 3D computerized model of the Siq and other selected structures, and an extensive and interactive virtual tour based on panorama photographs and lased scanned monuments Build capacity of the DoA and PDTRA on the technicality of the project

Petraarchaeological area

Wadi Musa

The Siq is a 1.2km deep passage, with a E-W orientation and meandering course. The Siq connects the town area of Wadi Musa with the monumental area of Petra and constitutes the main path for tourists to access the archaeological area.

PETRA SIQ STABILITY PROJECT

N

Sketch of the master joints and regional fault of the Siq area by aerial photo interpretation and field survey

Landslide types and slope evolution: recent and historical events

~2cm

Unstable block

Large blocks volumes(volumes > 15m3)

Medium blocks volumes(volumes 5m3÷15m3)

Small blocks volumes(volumes < 5m3)

WHICH RISKS?

Rock falls/slides - magnitudes and examples

Integrated Monitoring System with low environmental impact

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Crack gauges, inclinometersand meteorological station in Wi-Fi network

Refletctorlesstotal station (resolution: mm to ½ cm)

Digital photogrammetry(resolution: mm to cm)

Satellite radar interferometry and permanent scatters(resolution: mm)

Points 1/2

Siq un-textured Model

Petra Risk Mapping projectFebruary 2011 – June 2014

Partners: University of Leuven (Belgium) // In cooperation with: PDTRA, DoA // Jordanian experts

UNCT meeting - March 17, 2013 14

Anna Paolini – UNESCO Amman Office

Petra Risk Mapping project

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Results achieved Field mapping of 1993 PAP governmental boundaries. Verification by a technical committee and transmission of Park coordinates to WHC for approval at the 2013 WH Committee.

Delineation of guidelines, scenarios and recommendations of use for a buffer zone of the PAP for the area between the villages of Um Sayhun and Beidha. Possibility of creating a buffer–zoning system and limited boundary adjustments identified as the best scenario.

Delineation of a Risk Management Methodology to identify and assess risks within the PAP and its application to a PAP pilot area. Holistic risk management methodology identified as the most appropriate strategy for mitigation of risks and protection of values of the property.

Publication of “Risk Management at Heritage sites. A Case Study of the Petra Archaeological Park” http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002171/217107m.pdf

Assessing the Impact of Risk I Quantitative Approach

ABC system I qualitative analysis based on a scoring system I quality of results depend on accuracy of numeriacal valuesA: probability of damage B: degree of loss of significance C: the area affected

Magnitude of risks. Source: based on ICCROM CCI-ICN, unpublished material for course on preventive conservation: Reducing Risks to Collections, Sibiu, Romania (2007)

Risk Evaluation

Matrix of priority based on level of risk magnitude and level of uncertainty. Source: based on ICCROM CCI-ICN, unpublished material for course on preventive conservation: Reducing Risks to Collections, Sibiu, Romania (2007)

Heritage as a tool for reconciliation

Guidance and Tools

Guidance

•Guidelines for Disaster Preparedness in Museums, ICOM (1993)•Risk Preparedness: a Management Manual for World Cultural Heritage, WHC-ICCROM-ICOMOS (1998)•Building an Emergency Plan, Getty Conservation Institute (1999)•Handbook on the Protection of Cultural Heritage, Council of Europe (undated)•World Bank Good Practice Note on Risk Preparedness (2008)•Handbook for post-disaster housing and community reconstruction, World Bank (2009)•Managing Disaster Risks for World Heritage, WHC, ICCROM, ICOMOS, IUCN (2010)•Protecting Cultural Heritage in Times of Conflict, ICCROM (2011)

Tools

•Risk Preparedness Training Module, UNESCO (2007) •Olympia Protocol for International Cooperation on DRR at World Heritage Properties (2008)•Disaster Risk management for Museums, UNESCO (2009)•Toolkit for damage assessment of cultural properties, ICORP-ICOMOS (2011) (under development)•Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) Manual: Section on Culture, UNESCO (2011)•Training Kit on Disaster Risk Reduction for Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan University (under development)

•Funding mechanisms within WH and other frameworks

Building capacities:Resource Manual on Managing Disaster Risks for WH

WH and Climate Change

Field Projects: Haiti

Awareness, Education and Communication

http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/activities/documents/activity-50-12.mov

A new webpage with info and resource materials

Amman DRR awareness project Introducing concepts on disaster risk management in schools

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Results achieved

• Two guidebooks produced – endorsed by the Ministry of Education- for students (1-4th grade/ 5-10th grade) on earthquakes, flood preparedness and safe behavior.• 48 teachers trained on disaster risk reduction, use of new guidebook at their schools and on how to set up contingency plans.• Four Public Service Announcements (PSAs) in a cartoon format produced and launched. The PSAs explain in an easy and family friendly way how to be prepared for a natural disaster at home and at schools and what the basic evacuation procedures are. These cartoons were shown on Jordan TV. • Evacuation drills conducted at the selected schools by the Civil Defense team.• Disaster Risk Reduction bags for each of the piloted schools distributed by Jordan Red Crescent.