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This presentation was delivered during the joint DPE/Planets/CAPAR/nestor training event, ‘The Preservation challenge: basic concepts and practical applications’ (Barcelona, March 2009). It is aimed at presenting the fundamental problems related to the preservation of intellectual property material, and how some of these problems have been addressed in CASPAR.The objective is to present CASPAR approach to the problem of identifying and preserving all the existing rights related to a digital work.
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Intellectual Property Rights in long-term Digital Preservation
The CASPAR Approach
Marlis ValentiniClaudio Prandoni
Metaware S.p.A. - I
wePreserve Training 23-27 March 2009, Barcelona (Spain)
Training Session Program
• Part 1: IPRs and Digital Preservation – Presentation– QuestionnaireQuestionnaire
• Part 2: DRM component and the Rights Ontology– Presentation– ExerciseExercise
• Part 3: Example– Demo of DRM component
DRMDRM
Intellectual Property Right
Intellectual Property Right (IPR) is divided in • Copyright
– on Literary, Artistic and Scientific Works
• Industrial Property Right– on Scientific Inventions, Discoveries, Trademarks, Industial
Designs
• Related Rights
– Also called “Neighbouring Rights”, “Sui Generis Rights”
– on Performances (Artistic Data), Databases, SW Programs (Scientific Data), Traditional Culture Expressions (Cultural Data)
Risks in long-term preservation
Impossibility to:
1. identify the existing Intellectual Property RightsIntellectual Property Rights
• Unavailable creation history (Provenance)– Who contribute in which way to an intellectual creation
• Unknown significant events related to the works and right holders – transfers of rights, death of rightholder, expiration of rights
• Heterogeneous Legal Frameworks– IPRs vary between different countries
• Changes in Legislation– Conditions under which IPRs are brought into existence, duration of IPRs,
exceptions
2. identify or obtain the PermissionPermission to use protected material
• Loss of Licenses and License Offers– Obsolete format or real loss
Part 2
Digital Rights Management
(DRM) Key Component
Digital Rights Ontology
DRM Key Component
• Is one of the Key Components in the
CASPAR Architecture
• Provides basic services to support the identification of identification of Intellectual Property RightsIntellectual Property Rights:
• Derives the existing Copyrights from a work’s creation history
• Exports the Copyrights in a suitable format
DRM
In terms of OAIS: Creates Preservation Description Information (PDI),
in particular Provenance Information
Services of the DRM component
The DRM derives the existing Copyrightsderives the existing Copyrights• Who owns the rights• Details of the rights
– Author Rights vs Related Rights– Economic Rights vs Moral Rights
• Country of origin of the rights• When do the rights expire
A user or an application registeres the creation historyregisteres the creation history of a creative work
• Title of the work, when and where it was made public for the first time
• Who contributed in some part of the work
• What is the precise contribution of each involved person
• …
DRM
Positioning Rights in the OAIS RM
Intellectual Property Rights represent • Preservation Description InformationPreservation Description Information
– “The information which is necessary for adequate preservation of the Content Information.”
• Provenance InformationProvenance Information– “… the origin or source of the Content
Information, any changes that may have taken place since it was originated, and who has had custody of it since it was originated.”
– And what about rights?And what about rights?
• Descriptive InformationDescriptive Information– “… to support the finding, ordering, and
retrieving of OAIS information holdings by Consumers.”
An ontology to express Rights
Digital Rights Ontology (DRO) has been introduced as formal language to describe Rightsformal language to describe Rights– DRM component exports derived rights information in terms of the
DRO vocabulary
Digital Rights Ontology
– CIDOC CRMCIDOC CRM ( Standard ISO 21127:2006 )• Documentation Committee of the
International Council of Museums - Conceptual Reference Model
– FRBR-OOFRBR-OO (from IFLA)• Functional Requirements for Bibliographic
Records• The Object Oriented version of FRBR
Partially reused and modified• IPROnto and RightsOnto
– Rights ontologies (R. García, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona )
Reused and extended existing core ontologies
Exercise
Please complete the Digital Rights Ontology graph that describes the IPRs of Spaces of Mind
• Example – Comes from the Artistic Testbed in CASPAR (from INA - Institut
national de l'audiovisuel)
– Work: “Spaces of Mind”• Acousmatic music (electroacoustic music designed for performance
over loudspeakers)
– Composer: Daniel Teruggi
E30_RightD88_OwnershipRight
E30_RightD88_OwnershipRight
E72_Legal_ObjectE7_ Activity
E39_Actor
Daniel TeruggiDaniel Teruggi
C5_Copyright
Exclusive right to Exclusive right to broadcastbroadcast
A12F_becameOwnerOf
D35_EconomicRight
D50_MoralRight
D37_BroadcastingRight
D51_AttributionRight
D42_FixationRightD42_FixationRight
D46_ReproductionRight
D48_AdaptationRight
D52_IntegrityRight
…
F20_Self-contained ExpressionThe expression (of the idea) of
Spaces of Mind
A20F_isOn
C5_Copyright
Exclusive right to do a fixation of the work
isA
F31_Expression_Creation
Created the expression of (the idea of) Spaces of Mind
P14B_performed
R22F_created
A35F_hasRightType
E52_Time-SpanT (from 1/1/2004 …)
A10F_hasStartingDate
date1 January 2004
D67_CountryFrance
A36F_hasPublicationDate
A37F_hasPublicationCountryA37F_hasPublicationCountry
D87_ValidityD87_ValidityT (from 1/1/2004 …) in
France
A33F_hasValidity
F21_Complex_Work
Spaces of MindSpaces of Mind
R13B_realises
E52_Time-SpanT (from 1/1/2004 …)
date1 January 2004D67_CountryD67_Country
France
A10F_hasStartingDate
A34B_isRestrictedBy
E82_Actor_AppellationDaniel_Teruggi
P1F_is_identified_by
E35_TitleSpaces_of_Mind
P102F_has_titleP102F_has_title
“Spaces of Mind”by Daniel Teruggi
Exercise correction
Intellectual Property Rights in long-term Digital Preservation
( Part 3 )
Practical Example
& Demonstration
Marlis Valentini, Claudio Prandoni
Metaware S.p.A. – ICASPAR project
wePreserve Training 23-27 March 2009, Barcelona (Spain)
Tools and User Interfaces
UserUser
“Cyclops” Tool
(Tool for the Artistic Testbed in
CASPAR)
DRM Graphical
User Interface(direct access to
the key component )
DRM DRM
Key ComponentKey Component
Use DRM Use DRM servicesservices
E30_RightD88_OwnershipRight
E30_RightD88_OwnershipRight
E72_Legal_ObjectE7_ Activity
E39_Actor
Daniel TeruggiDaniel Teruggi
C5_Copyright
Exclusive right to Exclusive right to broadcastbroadcast
A12F_becameOwnerOf
D35_EconomicRight
D50_MoralRight
D37_BroadcastingRight
D51_AttributionRight
D42_FixationRightD42_FixationRight
D46_ReproductionRight
D48_AdaptationRight
D52_IntegrityRight
…
F20_Self-contained ExpressionThe expression (of the idea) of
Spaces of Mind
A20F_isOn
C5_Copyright
Exclusive right to do a fixation of the work
isA
F31_Expression_Creation
Created the expression of (the idea of) Spaces of Mind
P14B_performed
R22F_created
A35F_hasRightType
E52_Time-SpanT (from 1/1/2004 …)
A10F_hasStartingDate
date1 January 2004
D67_CountryFrance
A36F_hasPublicationDate
A37F_hasPublicationCountryA37F_hasPublicationCountry
D87_ValidityD87_ValidityT (from 1/1/2004 …) in
France
A33F_hasValidity
F21_Complex_Work
Spaces of MindSpaces of Mind
R13B_realises
E52_Time-SpanT (from 1/1/2004 …)
date1 January 2004D67_CountryD67_Country
France
A10F_hasStartingDate
A34B_isRestrictedBy
E82_Actor_AppellationDaniel_Teruggi
P1F_is_identified_by
E35_TitleSpaces_of_Mind
P102F_has_titleP102F_has_title
“Spaces of Mind”by Daniel Teruggi
Graphical View of the Export Result
E39_Actor
Daniel Teruggi
E21_Person
Daniel TeruggiF31_Expression_Creation
Creation of “Spaces of Mind”
E65_Creation
Creation of “Spaces of Mind”
E82_Actor_Appellation
Daniel Teruggi
P1F_is_identified_by
P14B_performed
P14B_performed
F20_Self-Contained_Expression
R22F_created
C5_CopyrightR1 - Distribution Right
A20F_isOn
C5_CopyrightR2 - Reproduction Right
C5_CopyrightR3 - Attribution Right
XXXXXX
XXXXXX
XXXXXX
XXXXXX
XXXXXX
XXXXXX
DRM Intellectual Intellectual Property Property
RightsRights
Creation Creation HistoryHistory
Interoperable Provenance Information
CIDOC-CRM core ontology Digital Rights Ontology
32
Scenario: Change in Copyright Law (1/2)
Goal: To ensure that the preservation of rights-protected material withstands changes in Law in long-term
Example:
An amendment to a Copyright Law Copyright Law introducesintroduces some Related RightsRelated Rights to people that perform spatial spatial projections of acousmatic worksprojections of acousmatic works, likewise interpreters of more traditional types of music.
Scenario: Change in Copyright Law (2/2)
Actions to do:
1. The rules for correctly deriving existing rights must be updated
– through the DRM Administration Interface
2. Rights information (PDI-Provenance) must be updated for all affected archive holdings
– the affected AIPs are retrieved ( FIND Key Component )– the rights are re-calculated ( DRM Key Component )– the new Provenance is packaged in the AIPs and stored
(PACK and PDS Key Components)
33
Further Information
• CASPAR Developers Web Site: http://developers.casparpreserves.eu:8080/
• Digital Rights Ontology resources: http://www.casparpreserves.eu/publications/ontologies/RightsOntology
• CASPAR Prototype GUI:http://developers.casparpreserves.eu:8080/CasparGui/
• Cyclops Tool:http://www.utc.fr/caspar/wiki/pmwiki.php
• Contact persons:
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0
Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171
Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.
