To DRM or not to DRM?

ISCTE-IUL/ISTA/ADETTI-IUL

Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da EmpresaLisbon University Institute

ISCTE-IUL School of Technology and ArchitectureADETTI-IUL

Carlos Serrão

[email protected]@gmail.com

http://www.carlosserrao.nethttp://blog.carlosserrao.nethttp://www.linkedin.com/in/carlosserrao

To DRM or not to DRM?ESCE/IPS, 6 de Dezembro, 2011

6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?

About me...2


Content

¨ In media production and publishing, content is information and experiences that may provide value for an end-user/audience in specific contexts.

¨ Content may be delivered via any medium such as the internet, television, and audio CDs, as well as live events such as conferences and stage performances.

¨ The word is used to identify and quantify various formats and genres of information as manageable value-adding components of media.

3


Intellectual Property

¨ Intellectual property (IP) is a term referring to a number of distinct types of creations of the mind for which a set of exclusive rights are recognized—and the corresponding fields of law

¨ Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs.

¨ Types of intellectual property rights:¤ copyrights

¤ trademarks

¤ patents

¤ industrial design rights

¤ trade secrets

¤ ...

4

Copyright is a legal concept, enacted by most governments, giving the creator of an original work exclusive rights to it, usually for a limited time.

Generally, it is "the right to copy", but also gives the copyright holder the right to be credited for the work, to determine who may adapt the work to other forms, who may perform the work, who may financially benefit from it, and other, related rights.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclusive_right

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclusive_right


Digital Content

¨ Advantages and Opportunities¤ better content

¤ new and better delivery channels

¤ new customers

¤ faster delivery

¤ ...

¨ Disadvantages and Challenges¤ piracy and uncontrolled distribution

¤ ...

6

Impact #1 - Digital Formats

Impact #2 - Bandwidth

Impact #3 - P2P

Impact #4 - Compression

Piracy...... the right way to fight it?

http://youtu.be/l5SmrHNWhak




Content13

¨ Answer from content industry¤ Digital

¤ Rights

¤ Management

¨ and¤ Copy

¤ Protection/Prevention


DRM interoperability14

¨ DRM involves the:¤ description

¤ layering

¤ analysis

¤ valuation

¤ trading

¤ and monitoring of rights

¨ over an individual or organization's assets, in digital format.

CDeXtended Copy Protection (XCP)

Copy-Protection on CDsSony BMG CD copy protection rootkit scandal

MediaMax CD-3

Copy-Protection on CDs

A rootkit is so;ware that enables con0nued privileged access to a computer while ac0vely hiding its presence from administrators by subver0ng standard

opera0ng system func0onality or other applica0ons.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privileged_access

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privileged_access

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system

Mark Russinovich(Sysinternals, actual Microsoft)

Mark Russinovich(Sysinternals, actual Microsoft)

#FAIL

DVDCSS content-scrambling system1996-1999

1. CSS prevents byte-for-byte copies of an MPEG (digital video) stream from being playable since such copies do not include the keys that are hidden on the lead-in area of the restricted DVD.

2. CSS provides a reason for manufacturers to make their devices compliant with an industry-controlled standard, since CSS scrambled discs cannot in principle be played on noncompliant devices.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG

Jon Lech Johansen (a.k.a. DVD Jon)

DeCSS

QTFairUse

PyMusique, SharpMusic (iTunes alternatives)

DeDRM

DoubleTwist

AACSAdvanced Access Content System

HD-DVD, BlueRay

Since appearing in devices in 2006, several AACS decryption keys have been extracted from weakly protected software players and published on the Internet, allowing decryption by other unlicensed software.

Digital files cannot be made uncopyable, any more than water can be made not wet.

Bruce Schneierin Crypto Gram, 15 May 2001http://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram-0105.html#3

John Fanning Shawn Fanning

It was originally founded as a pioneering peer-to-peer file sharing Internet service that emphasized sharing audio files, typically music, encoded in MP3 format.

In its second incarnation Napster became an online music store until it merged with Rhapsody on 1 December 2011.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer_file_sharing




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_music_store

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_music_store

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody

GamesSecuROM

SafeDisc

Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)

United States copyright law that implements two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

Criminalizes production and dissemination of technology, devices, or services intended to circumvent measures that control access to copyrighted works

Criminalizes the act of circumventing an access control, whether or not there is actual infringement of copyright itself

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization

http://youtu.be/ryXDhXqR-SE




Digital Content Value-Chain26



Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer Consumer

Content Creation, CaptureContent Rights Establishment

Content Rights ValidationContent PackagingContent Repository

Content TradingContent Distribution

Content TradingContent Distribution

Content Payment Content TradingPermission

Management


Digital Rights Management27







iTunes FairPlay

Content authorsPublishers




iTunes FairPlay


Apple, Inc.




iTunes FairPlay


Apple, Inc.

Apple contentservers




iTunes FairPlay


Apple, Inc.


Apple iTunes content store




iTunes FairPlay


Apple, Inc.


Apple iTunes content store

Apple iPod, iPhone,Apple TV, ...









Windows Media DRM





Windows Media DRM

Content authorsPublishers Content is encoded,

protected and stored




Windows Media DRM



Protected content ismade available to stores




Windows Media DRM




Content acquiredand dowloaded + license

License production




Windows Media DRM




Content acquiredand dowloaded + license

License production

Truste

d Com

puting

http://youtu.be/UnXU7z2_6Jg



remixedr/w

culture

remixedr/w

culture

http://www.ted.com/talks/larry_lessig_says_the_law_is_strangling_creativity.html







¨ Consumers are “active” not “passive”

¨ Consumers take other roles on DCVC

¨ Changes the established rights management logic

Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer ConsumerConsumer is CreatorConsumer is PublisherConsumer is AggregatorConsumer is Distributor

Consumer is Retailer

interoperability



¨ DRM 1.0 failure¤ Vulnerable DRM systems

¤ Limitations to user experience

¤ Limited availability

¤ Offer limited protection

¤ Imposition to end-users

¤ Lack of interoperability

¨ DRM 2.0 must solve these issues



DRM 1.0 DRM 1.5 DRM 2.0Apple

Fairplay

Windows MediaDRM

OpenIPMP

OMA DRM

DMP Chillout

Coral

DReaMMarlin

MPEG-21

AXMedis

MIPAMS



¨ DRM Layers



¨ DRM Layers

Rights Management

Rights Enforcement

Copy Protection



¨ DRM Layers – non-interoperable



¨ DRM Layers – non-interoperable

Rights Management

Rights Enforcement

Copy ProtectionDR

M A Rights Management

Rights Enforcement

Copy Protection

DR

M B

X

X

X



¨ DRM Layers - interoperable



¨ DRM Layers - interoperable

Rights Management

Rights Enforcement

Copy Protection

Rights Management

Rights Enforcement

Copy ProtectionD

RM A

DR

M AD

RM B

DR

MAD

RMB

DR

MB



¨ Interoperability strategies (International Standards):¤ Full format interoperability

¤ Connected interoperability

¤ Configuration driven interoperability



DRM 1.0 DRM 1.5 DRM 2.0Apple

Fairplay

Windows MediaDRM

OpenIPMP

OMA DRM

DMP Chillout

Coral

DReaMMarlin

MPEG-21

AXMedis

MIPAMS

Interoperability


OpenSDRM42


OpenSDRM42


OpenSDRM42


OpenSDRM42


OpenSDRM42

Creative Commons licenses are several copyright licenses that allow the distribution of copyrighted works.

The licenses differ by several combinations that condition the terms of distribution.



Licensees may copy, distribute, display and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only if they give the author or licensor the credits in the manner specified by these.

Attribution (by)

Licensees may copy, distribute, display, and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only for noncommercial purposes.

Noncommercial (nc)

Licensees may copy, distribute, display and perform only verbatim copies of the work, not derivative works based on it.

No Derivative Works (nd)

Licensees may distribute derivative works only under a license identical to the license that governs the original work.

Share-alike (sa)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-commercial

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-commercial

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative_work

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative_work

Research challenges?!?45

Still some interesting technical challenges

- Formats- Interoperability- Security

Better control to private information

- Social Networks- Private information sharing

Applicability to vertical sectors

- Health- Business information- Education and Research

Super-copy

Super-distribution

Monetization

Q & A?50

ISCTE-IUL/ISTA/ADETTI-IUL

Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da EmpresaLisbon University Institute

ISCTE-IUL School of Technology and ArchitectureADETTI-IUL

Carlos Serrão

[email protected]@gmail.com

http://www.carlosserrao.nethttp://blog.carlosserrao.nethttp://www.linkedin.com/in/carlosserrao

To DRM or not to DRM?ESCE/IPS, 6 de Dezembro, 2011