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Drill: Draw LDDs for:. BF 3 NH 3 C 3 H 6 C 3 H 7 NO. Solutions. Solution. Homogeneous mixture made up of at least one solute dissolved in the solvent. Solute. Substance being dissolved Portion in lesser molar amount. Solvent. Substance doing the dissolving - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Drill: Draw LDDs for:BF3 NH3
C3H6 C3H7NO
Solutions
Solution•Homogeneous mixture made up of at least one solute dissolved in the solvent
Solute •Substance being dissolved
•Portion in lesser molar amount
Solvent•Substance doing the dissolving
•Portion in greatest molar amount
Colloid•Slightly larger particles
•Light passes & particles stay suspended
Suspension•Even larger particles
•Particles block or reflect light
Tyndall Effect•Because light reflects off suspended particles, the light ray can be seen from the side
Size Comparison•Solution < Colloid
•Colloid < Suspension
Soluble•When one substance (solute) dissolves in another (solvent)
Solubility•The max amount of one substance (solute) dissolved in another (solvent)
Concentration•The amount of solute dissolved into solution
ConcentratedSolution
•A solution with a relatively large amount of solute dissolved
Dilute Solution
•A solution with a relatively small amount of solute dissolved
Saturated Solution•A solution with the maximum amount of solute dissolved in the solution
Unsaturated Solution•A solution with less than the maximum amount of solute dissolved in solution
Supersaturated Solution
•A solution with greater than the maximum amount of solute dissolved in solution
Drill:Draw LDDs
for:
C4H8
HNO3
C4H6O
Solution Chemistry
Solution Measures•Concentration: % soln
–Molarity
–Molality
–Mole Fraction
Percent Solution•Mass of one portion per the total mass, all times 100 %
•%soln = ma/mtotal x 100 %
Molarity•Moles of solute per liter of solution
•M = molessolute/Lsoln
Molality•Moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
•mo = molessolute/kgsolvent
Mole Fraction•Moles of one portion per total number of moles in the solution
•X = molesa/molessoln
Calculate the molarity of a 250 mL solution
containing 5.0 g NaOH dissolved in
water
Calculate the molality of 69 g of C2H5OH dissolved
in 500.0 mL of water
Calculate the mole fraction of each
portion when 92 g of C2H5OH dissolved in
144 mL of water
Calculate the molality & mole fraction of a
solution containing 46 g of C2H5OH
dissolved in 1782 mL of water
Drill:•Calculate the mass of KI required to make 250 mL of 0.500 M KI.
Colligative Properties•Properties dependent only on the concentration of particles in solution
Examples•Vapor pressure
•Boiling & Freezing points
•Osmotic pressure
Vapor Pressure•VPsolution = (VPsolvent)(Xsolvent)
•X = mole fraction
•VP = vapor pressure
Boiling & Freezing
T = imoKT = change in BP or FP
i = ionic activity
K = BP or FP constant
Osmotic Pressure = iMRT
= osmotic pressure
i = ionic activity
M = Molarity
Calculate the vapor pressure of a solution
containing 150 g C5H10O5 in 162 mL of
water at 30oC
Calculate BP & FP of 60.0 g of NaOH in
250 mL waterKBP = 0.512oC/moKFP = -1.86oC/mo
Calculate the osmotic pressure of a solution
containing 12 g of NaOH dissolved in 250 mL solution at
27oC
Drill:•Calculate the VP of a solution containing 36 % m/m glucose (C6H12O6) in water at 29oC:
•(VPwater = 30.0 mm Hg)
Drill: Draw LDDs for:BF3 NH3
C3H6 C3H7NO
Are there any questions on
previous material?
Solutions
Solution•Homogeneous mixture made up of at least one solute dissolved in the solvent
Solute •Substance being dissolved
•Portion in lesser molar amount
Solvent•Substance doing the dissolving
•Portion in greatest molar amount
Colloid•Slightly larger particles
•Light passes & particles stay suspended
Suspension•Even larger particles
•Particles block or reflect light
Tyndall Effect•Because light reflects off suspended particles, the light ray can be seen from the side
Size Comparison•Solution < Colloid
•Colloid < Suspension
Soluble•When one substance (solute) dissolves in another (solvent)
Solubility•The max amount of one substance (solute) dissolved in another (solvent)
Concentration•The amount of solute dissolved into solution
ConcentratedSolution
•A solution with a relatively large amount of solute dissolved
Dilute Solution
•A solution with a relatively small amount of solute dissolved
Saturated Solution•A solution with the maximum amount of solute dissolved in the solution
Unsaturated Solution•A solution with less than the maximum amount of solute dissolved in solution
Supersaturated Solution
•A solution with greater than the maximum amount of solute dissolved in solution
Drill:Draw LDDs
for:
C4H8
HNO3
C4H6O
Solution Chemistry
Solution Measures•Concentration: % soln
–Molarity
–Molality
–Mole Fraction
Percent Solution•Mass of one portion per the total mass, all times 100 %
•%soln = ma/mtotal x 100 %
Molarity•Moles of solute per liter of solution
•M = molessolute/Lsoln
Molality•Moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
•mo = molessolute/kgsolvent
Mole Fraction•Moles of one portion per total number of moles in the solution
•X = molesa/molessoln
Calculate the molarity of a 250 mL solution
containing 5.0 g NaOH dissolved in
water
Calculate the molality of 69 g of C2H5OH dissolved
in 500.0 mL of water
Calculate the mole fraction of each
portion when 92 g of C2H5OH dissolved in
144 mL of water
Calculate the molality & mole fraction of a
solution containing 46 g of C2H5OH
dissolved in 1782 mL of water
Drill:•Calculate the mass of KI required to make 250 mL of 0.500 M KI.
Are there any questions on
previous material?
Colligative Properties•Properties dependent only on the concentration of particles in solution
Examples•Vapor pressure
•Boiling & Freezing points
•Osmotic pressure
Vapor Pressure•VPsolution = (VPsolvent)(Xsolvent)
•X = mole fraction
•VP = vapor pressure
Boiling & Freezing
T = imoKT = change in BP or FP
i = ionic activity
K = BP or FP constant
Osmotic Pressure = iMRT
= osmotic pressure
i = ionic activity
M = Molarity
Calculate the vapor pressure of a solution
containing 150 g C5H10O5 in 162 mL of
water at 30oC
Calculate BP & FP of 60.0 g of NaOH in
250 mL waterKBP = 0.512oC/moKFP = -1.86oC/mo
Calculate the osmotic pressure of a solution
containing 12 g of NaOH dissolved in 250 mL solution at
27oC
Drill:•Calculate the VP of a solution containing 36.0 % m/m glucose (C6H12O6) in water at 29oC:
• (VPwater = 30.0 mm Hg)
Test Review
Classify the type of Bonding:
Fe-Cl Fe-Cr
C-Cl H-Br
S-O K-I
Classify the type of IM Force:
H2 & Cl2 HF & HF
H2 & HBr HBr & HI
CH4 & C2H6
Draw LDDs for:BH3 NCl3
CF4 C3H6
IF3 CO3-2
Calculate the BP of a solution containing 120 g C3H7OH in 250 mL of
water at its BP.KBP = 0.512oC/moKFP = -1.86oC/mo
Calculate the osmotic pressure of a solution
containing 12 gof NaOH dissolved in
50.0 mL solution at 27oC
Calculate the vapor pressure of a solution
containing 12.0 g C3H8O in 14.4 mL of
water at its BP.VPsolvent = 120 kPa
Calculate the molarity of 33.1 g of Pb(NO3)2 dissolved
in 250 mL of solution.
Draw LDDs for:PCl3
C3H7NO
NO3-1
Calculate the mass of lead(II)nitrate required
to make 250 mL of 0.40 M Pb(NO3)2
Calculate the BP of a solution containing
29.9 g of CoBr3 dissolved in 75 mL of
water.KBP = +0.512oC/mo
Calculate the molality of a
solution that is 33.1 % by mass Pb(NO3)2
in water
Drill: Calculate the osmotic
pressure of 0.88 g of CO2 in 750 mL
of soln at 27oC
30.0 g C3H6NF was dissolved in 50.0 g
C6H12O (VP = 20.0 kPa) at 27oC making a 0.800
g/mL solution. Calculate: X, mo, M, , & VP.
180 g C3H8O was dissolved in 180 mL
H2O at 27oC making a 1.5 g/mL solution.
Calculate X, mo, M, , VP, BP, & FP.
A 1.2 g/cm3 aqueous solution is 20.0 % by mass NaOH at 27oC.Calculate: X, mo, M,
, & MP
Calculate the molecular mass of a covalent
compound dissolved in an aqueous solution to make it 25 % by mass when it
boils at 102.048oC
Are there any questions on
previous material?
Test Review
Classify the type of Bonding:
Fe-Cl Fe-Cr
C-Cl H-Br
S-O K-I
Classify the type of IM Force:
H2 & Cl2 HF & HF
H2 & HCl HBr & HI
CH4 & C2H6
Draw LDDs for:BH3 NCl3
CF4 C3H6
IF3 CO3-2
Calculate the FP & BP of a solution containing 120 g C3H7OH in 250 mL of water at its BP.
KBP = 0.512oC/moKFP = -1.86oC/mo
Drill: Calculate the molarity of 33.1 g of Pb(NO3)2 dissolved
in 250 mL of solution.
Calculate the BP of a solution containing
29.9 g of CoBr3 dissolved in 75 mL of
water.KBP = +0.512oC/mo
Calculate the molality of a
solution that is 33.1 % by mass Pb(NO3)2
in water
Drill: Calculate the osmotic
pressure of 0.88 g of CO2 in 750 mL
of soln at 27oC
30.0 g C3H6NF was dissolved in 50.0 g
C6H12O (VP = 20.0 kPa) at 27oC making a 0.800
g/mL solution. Calculate: X, mo, M, , & VP.
180 g C3H8O was dissolved in 180 mL
H2O at 27oC making a 1.5 g/mL solution.
Calculate X, mo, M, , VP, BP, & FP.
A 1.2 g/cm3 aqueous solution is 20.0 % by mass NaOH at 27oC.Calculate: X, mo, M,
, & MP
Calculate the molecular mass of a covalent
compound dissolved in an aqueous solution to make it 25 % by mass when it
boils at 102.048oC
