SPERMATOGENESISDr.Hardijanto.,MS.,Drh

Dr. Suherni Susilowati.,MKes,DrhTatik Hernawati., MSi.,Drh

Trilas Sardjito.,MSi., DrhTri Wahyu Suprayogi., MSi., Drh

Definition : spermatogenesis is a process forming of spermatozoa from germ cells (spermatogonium/spermatogonia) that happened in seminiferous tubules of the testis

There are two process of spermatogenesis - 1) spermatocytogenesis- 2) spermiogenesis

SPERMATOGENESIS

Cont’

• In the seminiferous tubules is composed of two basic cell types that is: the sertoli cells and the developing germ cells.

• The germ cells undergo a continous series of celluler divisions and developing changes, beginning at the periphery and progressing toward the lumen of the tubule.

• The steam cells, called spermatogonia, divide several times before forming spermatocytes

SPERMATOCYTONESESIS - spermatogonium spermatocyte I spermatocyte II spermatid

. SPERMIOGENESIS

.- spermatid are transformed into spermatozoa.The spermatid then undergo a progressive series of structural and developmental changes to form spermatozoa

Spermatogenesis process consist of mitosis and meiosis divisions. During spermatogenesis, the function of sertoli cells to give energy for developing germinal cells.

Cont’

.- Normal testicular function requires hormonal stimulation by gonadotropins, which are turn controlled by pulsatile secretion gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus

- And then GnRH stimulates the secretion of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary

- The LH stimulated the interstitial cells of Leydig to produce androgen mainly tetosteron.

ENDOCRINE CONTROL OF SPERMATOGENESIS

- The function of FSH is for maintenance of spermatogenesis

- Testosteron is secreted into seminiferous tubule, where it is necessary for maintenance of spermatogenesis and also secreted into the bloodstream , where they cause the development of secondary sex characteristics of the male and development and maintenance of the reproduction tract.

- The FSH interacts with receptors on the Sertoli cells to cause production of androgen binding protein (ABP), conversion of testosterone to dehydrotestosteron and estrogen, stimulation of spermatocytogenesis and secretion of inhibin.

- The inhibin secreted into the bloodstream has a negatif feedback effect on FSH but not on LH secretion.

Cont’

Spermatogonium (2n) 

  Sp A Sp B

Sp A Sp B

Spermatocyte I (2n) 

Spermatocyte II (n) Spermatocyte II (n)  Spermatid Spermatid Spermatid Spermatid

(n) (n) (n) (n) 

Spermatozoa Spermatozoa Spermatozoa Spermatozoa 

mitosis (15 – 17 hari)

Meiosis (30 – 32 hari)

Meiosis ( 31– 32 hari)

Metamorfosa

(40 – 47 hari)

SPERMATOGENESIS

Sperm Head :- The major feature is the oval, flattened nucleus containing highly compact chromatin----- DNA (haploid)

-The anterior end of the sperm nucleus is cover by acrosome. At acrosome there are hyaluronidase, acrosine and corona penetrating enzyme----is involved in the fertilization process.

Sperm Tail :Composed of neck,middle,principle and end piece

Sperm Morphology

Head

Middle Piece

tail

Principle piece

End piece

b. Head

a. General view

Plasma membrane

c. Middle Piece

d. Principle Piece

Mitocondria Membrane

Central distal (centriol ring)

9 Outer Fibril

Posterior Nucleus Membrane

2 Midlle Fibril

2 Middle Fibril

Tail Membrane

9 inner double fibril

9 double fibril

Normal Sperm

Circle of tail

Head of piryformis Double head double tail

Short widely head

Narrow head length

Middle shares swell

Microcephalic Macrocephalic

Attachment of abaxial

Divided two:- Primer Abnormal- Second Abnormal

Covering : - Abnormal at head

- Abnormal at tail

Spermatozoa Abnormal

Function :- giving energi - movement medium - neutralize of reproduction channel

A great deal of semen dilution Many carbohydrate, protein, amino acid, enzyme,

dissolve vitamin in water, mineral, citric acid, Na, K, Ca, Mg

Compose :- Seminalis Vesicularis gland - Prostate gland - Bulbourethralis / couper’s gland

Accessories gland

Prostate gland : Dog, cat Seminalis vesicularis and Bulbourethralis

gland : Ox Sheep, goat, horse, buffalo, pig This function of gland is influenced

testosteron

Con’t

1.Explaining process forming of sperm at livestock

2. Explaining endocrine controle on spermatogenesis

3.Mentioning the part of sperm and its function

4. Explaining the function of the accessories glands in each species

Structure of Duties