Draw a picture of

Acheta domesticus

include details

(don’t forget the wings)

The Experience of being ELL• Teachers assume the ease/difficulty of a task• Teachers misinterpret behavior

– talking in class– looking at others’ papers– non-participation

• Teachers misdiagnose the need– reading problem– learning disability– motivation issue– home support (or non-support)

• Teachers send subtle cues for a silent contract– “Sit in your seat and stay quiet, don’t be a distraction, and I

won’t hassle you.”

The Experience of being ELL

• Like all learners, a motivated ELL student will use whatever tools are available as she/he strives to make sense of the world.– prior schema– peer modeling (a.k.a. scouting, looking on)– active peer support (e.g., translation)– adult support

The Experience of being ELL

• Motivation can be damaged by: – Perception of low likelihood for success– Embarrassment– Confrontation– Extrinsic reward and/or punishment

Draw a picture ofAcheta domesticus

include details

귀뚜라미 grillo cricket

Draw a picture ofAcheta domesticus

include detailsHead Thorax

Abdomen

Draw a picture ofAcheta domesticus

include detailsHead Thorax

Abdomen

WingAntenna

Eye

Leg

Insect

Insects

True “Bugs”

Attributes of Insects• Multi-cellular• Heterotrophic• Arthropod• Exoskeleton of scleretized

cuticle • Metamorphosing• Ectotherm

• Big enough to see• Eat other living things• Jointed legs• Hard outside covering they shed

to grow• Go through stages• Does not produce much internal

heat

• Hard outer covering• Six legs, antenae, wings (sometimes)• Three body parts• Change during life cycle• Don’t warm their own bodies

Which set ofattributes

is most appropriate?

Social conversation(with gestures)Storytelling with props

Social phone callNote left on the refrigerator

Manipulative math lesson Geography map lesson

Social studies lectureMultiple choice test

Context-embedded language Context-reduced language

Basic InterpersonalCommunication Skills

Cognitive AcademicLanguage Proficiency

Cognitively Undemanding Language

Cognitively Demanding Language

Turning Over A New LEAF• Language--direct instruction in vocabulary and

language patterns (vocabulary may not be the same as for other learners.)

• Enhanced comprehension and contextualization--several strategies

• Affect--keep it positive, acknowledge culture, activate and build on prior knowledge

• Four modalities Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing--do not all develop at the same rate

Techniques for Contextualization

•Modeling•Hands-on manipulatives•Realia•Third party pictures/photos

(Internet)

•Teacher-made pictures •Document camera/Overhead•Translate Key Terms

Translations

• Translate key terms• Usually instruction is meant to be in English—

translation is an assist• Check translations carefully (e.g., back translate)• Support both content AND general routinesTwo sites:http://babelfish.yahoo.com/translate_txthttp://www.worldlingo.com/en/products_services/worldlingo_translator.html

Cephalothorax

AbdomenLeg

Arachnids

Using the LEAF model, and techniques for contextualization, design a lesson in which students compare the attributes of Insects with the attributes of Arachnids.

Cephalothorax

AbdomenLeg

Arachnids

LE A

FLanguage

Instruction

Enhance

ComprehensionAffect

Four

Modalities

Language InstructionPlan activities for directly teaching

vocabulary and language structures• Label classroom

• Ask and answer yes/no questions• Parroting• Illustrating vocabulary• Word walls• Word games• Rhymes, chants, songs• Build background knowledge

Enhance ComprehensionConnect learning to real life language and experiences

• ABC (Activity Before Content)• Diagrams / pictures / visuals• Connect to background knowledge• Manipulatives / realia • Vocabulary games (memory, bingo, scavenger

hunt)• Model and demonstrate• Repeat, rephrase, paraphrase• Gestures, facial expressions, body language• Speak slowly and clearly

AffectKeep the learning fun!

• Build in routines• Total physical response (TPR)• Increase motivation, self esteem • Lower anxiety• Actively involve each student• Activate background knowledge• Play culturally diverse music• Play games• Buddy helper• Parental involvement / guest speakers and

readers

Four ModalitiesIntegrate listening, speaking,

reading, and writing into content area lessons• Cooperative learning

• Graphic organizers• Partner reading• Choral / Echo reading• Model speaking and writing• Learning centers• Language Experience Approach (LEA)• Reader’s theater / role play• Author’s chair (sharing time)

When planning for ELLs, consider these questions:

L How can the lesson include some language instruction?

E How can the lesson content enhance comprehension?

A How can the lesson maintain a positive affect?

F How can the lesson include the four modalities?