DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT …kspcb.kar.nic.in/PH/Vasanthanarasapura_EIAReport.pdfProposed Development of Stage II & Stage III Industrial Area at Vasanthanarasapura Tumkur

Proposed Development of Stage II & Stage III Industrial Area at Vasanthanarasapura

Tumkur District, Karnataka

Prepared By RAMKY Enviro Engineers Ltd.

(Consultancy Division)TSR Towers,Rajbhavan Road,Somajiguda

Hyderabad – 500 082 AP, India.

Phones: 040 – 44422222/44422195 Fax: 040 – 23305726

July - 2013

Head Office14/3, 2nd floor, R.P Buildings, Nrupathunga Road

Bengaluru-560001

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

REPORT

Submitted To

Ministry Of Environment & Forests (MoE&F)

Government of IndiaParyavaran Bhavan, C.G.O

Complex, Lodi Road, New Delhi – 110003

Submitted By

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.No Contents Page No.

Chapter -1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose of the report 1.1

1.2 Objective & Scope Of The Study 1.2

1.3 Period Of Study 1.3

1.4 Air Environment 1.3

1.5 Noise Environment 1.3

1.6 Water Environment 1.4

1.7 Land Environment 1.4

1.8 Eco-System 1.4

1.9 Scope of the Study 1.4

Chapter -2 Project Description

2.1 Brief description of the nature of the project 2.1

2.2 Identification of project and project proponent 2.2

2.3 Need of the Project 2.2

2.4 Mitigation Measures 2.3

2.5 Land details & MOU 2.4

2.6 Salient features of Location & Land scape area details 2.5

2.7 Water and Power Requirement 2.16

2.8 Water and wastewater generations 2.17

2.9 Man Power 2.19

2.10 Road Network 2.19

2.11 Traffic Protection 2.19

2.12 Effluent Conveyance System 2.21

2.13 Common Waste water treatment plants 2.21

2.14 Storm water Management 2.21

2.15 Hazardous Waste Management 2.21

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Chapter - 3 Description of the Environment

3.1 Preamble 3.1

3.2 Study area 3.1

3.3 Meteorological conditions 3.2

3.3.1 Climate 3.2

3.3.2 Meteorological scenario of the study area 3.2

3.4 Study period 3.3

3.4.1 Wind pattern 3.3

3.5 Air environment 3.8

3.5.1 Ambient Air Quality 3.8

3.5.2 Methodology adopted for the study 3.8

3.5.3 Regional Scenario 3.16

3.6 Water Quality 3.18

3.6.1 Water Quality Assessment 3.18


3.7 Noise Environment 3.22

3.7.1 Sources Of Noise 3.22

3.7.2 Noise Levels In The Study Area 3.22


3.8 Soil Quality 3.24


3.9 land use and land cover studies 3.28

3.9.1 land use and land cover pattern of the study area 3.29

3.10 Biological environment 3.29

3.10.1 Aim of studies 3.30

3.11 Field observations 3.30

3.11.1 Flora 3.31

3.11.2 Fauna 3.31

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3.12 Traffic Study 3.33

3.12.1 Traffic Study - Conclusions 3.35

3.13 Demographic Status In The Study Area 3.40

Chapter – 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures

4.1 Introduction 4.1

4.2 Impact During Construction Phase 4.2

4.2.1 Impact On Air Quality 4.2

4.2.1.1 Proposed Mitigation Measures 4.2

4.2.2 Impact on Water Quality 4.3

4.2.2.1 Mitigation Measures 4.4

4.2.3 Impact on Noise Levels 4.4


4.2.4 Impacts due to Solid Waste Generation 4.5


4.2.5 Impact on Land Use 4.6

4.2.6 Demography and Socio-economics 4.6

4.3 Impacts during operation 4.7

4.3.1 Impact on Topography and Climate 4.7

4.3.2 Impact on air quality 4.7

4.3.2.1 Emission Details 4.8

4.3.2.2 Simulation Model for Prediction – (AERMOD) 4.8

4.3.2.3 Model inputs and results 4.10

4.3.2.4 Mitigation measures 4.17

4.3.3 Impact On Water Quality 4.17

4.3.3.1 Wastewater generation 4.17

4.3.3.2 Wastewater Treatment Scheme 4.19

4.4 Solid waste Management 4.21

4.4.1 Solid Waste Generation during construction phase 4.21

4.4.2 Mitigation measure during construction phase 4.22

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4.4.3 Solid waste generation during Operation 4.23

4.4.4 Mitigation Measures 4.23

4.5 Rainwater harvesting & storm water runoff 4.24

4.6 Greenbelt development 4.24

4.6.1 Mitigation of impacts by green belt 4.25

4.7 Demography and socio-economics 4.26

Chapter -5 Analysis of alternatives (Technology & Site)


5.2 Siting Criteria 5.2

5.3 Site Selection 5.3

5.4 Mitigation Measures 5.4

5.5 Alternative Energy 5.4

Chapter - 6 Environmental Monitoring Program

6.1 Environmental Monitoring Program 6.1

6.1.1 Construction Phase 6.1

6.1.2 Operation Phase 6.4

6.2 Environmental laboratory equipment 6.6

6.3 Organizational setup for environmental management 6.7

6.4 Reporting schedules of the monitoring data 6.7

6.5 Budgetary provision for EMP 6.7

Chapter - 7 Additional studies

7.1 Safety Management Plan 7.1

7.2 Safety Organization 7.5

7.3 Disaster Management Plan (DMP) 7.6

7.3.1 Public Consultation 7.6

7.3.2 Risk Assessment Plan 7.6

7.4 Description Of Inventory At Site 7.7

7.5 Hazard Identification and Preliminary Hazard Analysis 7.7

7.5.1 Introduction to Hazard Identification 7.7

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7.5.2 Identification of Major Hazardous Units 7.7

7.5.3 Classification Based On Inventory Rating 7.8

7.5.4 Identification of Major Hazard Installations Based on MSIHC Rules 1989 and the Amended Rules in October ‘1994

7.8

7.5.5 Description of Applicable Provisions Of GOI Rules’ 1989 7.10

7.6 Short Listed Hazards 7.11

7.7 Maximum Credible Accident Analysis 7.12

7.8 Injuries Resulting From Flammable Liquids 7.13

7.9 Pool Fire Analysis Of HSD Tanks For Stage II & Stage III 7.15

7.9.1 Damage distance computations for MCA (Maximum Credible Accident) analysis

7.16

7.9.2 Pool Fire of HSD Storage Tanks for Stage II & Stage III 7.16

7.10 Hydrological and Geo-Hydrological Conditions of the Project Area 7.17

7.10.1 Topography 7.18

7.10.2 Geology 7.19

7.10.3 Hydrogeology 7.19

7.10.4 Natural Drainage 7.21

7.10.5 Rainfall 7.22

7.11 Storm Water Drainage And Outfall 7.23

7.12 Artificial recharge 7.24

Chapter - 8 Project Benefits

8.1 Improvement in social infrastructure 8.1

8.2 Improvement in physical infrastructure 8.2

8.3 Employment Potential –Skilled; Semi-Skilled And Unskilled 8.2

8.4 Other Tangible Benefits 8.2

8.5 Concluded Benefits Of The Proposed Project 8.3

8.6 Corporate Social Responsibility 8.4

8.6.1 Introduction 8.4

8.6.2 Planning 8.5

8.6.3 Identification 8.6

8.6.4 Implementation and Funding 8.7

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Chapter – 9 Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis

Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis 9.1

Chapter – 10 Environmental Management Plan


10.2 Environmental Management during construction 10.1

10.2.1 Air quality mitigation measures 10.1

10.2.2 Water quality mitigation measures 10.2

10.2.3 Noise Mitigation Measures 10.3

10.2.4 Solid waste mitigation measures 10.3

10.2.5 Ecological aspects 10.5

10.2.6 Site security 10.5

10.3 Management during operational phase 10.5

10.3.1 Air quality management 10.5

10.3.2 Water and wastewater quality management 10.7

10.3.3 Rain water harvesting and storm water management 10.7

10.4 Noise level management 10.8

10.5 Solid waste management 10.9

10.6 Green belt development 10.9

10.7 Fire protection services 10.11

Chapter - 11 Summary and Conclusions

Chapter - 12 Disclosure Of Consultants

Project Visuals

Maps and Imageries

Proposed Layouts

Annexures

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List of Tables



2.1 Land use analysis Stage II & III 2.4

2.2 List of Villages Covered under Stage II & III

2.5

2.3 Salient features of the proposed project Stage II & III 2.7

2.4 Details of water and power requirement 2.16

2.5 Water Requirement and Wastewater Generation - (MLD) 2.17

2.6 Manpower Requirement 2.19

Chapter -3 Description of the Environment

3.1 Observed Meteorological Data for winter season (December-2012 to January 2013)

3.3

3.2 Frequency Distribution 00-24 hours December - 2012

3.4

3.3 Frequency Distribution 00-24 hours January - 2013

3.5

3.4 Frequency Distribution 00-24 hours February - 2013

3.6

3.5 Frequency Distribution 00-24 hours Winter Season (2012-13)

3.7

3.6 (A) Monitoring Locations for Air/Noise/Soil/Ground Water

In and around the Study Area (10 Km Buffer)

3.9

3.6 (B) Monitoring locations for surface waters In the study area (10 km buffer)

3.9

3.7 Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area – PM 2.5

3.11

3.8 Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area – PM10 3.12 3.9 Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area – SO2

3.13

3.10 Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area- Nox

3.14

3.11 Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area- O3 & CO

3.15

3.12 Ground Water Sample Analysis Results

3.19 3.13 Surface water Sample Analysis Results 3.20 3.14 Noise Levels in the Study Area in dB (A) 3.23 3.15 Soil Analysis Results

3.25 3.16 Land Utilization pattern of the study area 3.28 3.17 Details of Traffic Monitoring Location 3.35 3.18 Traffic study (NH 4) 3.36 3.19 PCU count Traffic Survey report Near Kempannadodderi Junction (NH-4)

3.37

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3.21 PCU count traffic survey report at proposed site 3.38 3.22 Existing Traffic Scenario Chart & Level of Service 3.40 3.23 LOS Category Chart 3.40

Chapter -4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures

4.1 24 Hours Mean Meteorological Data for Winter Season (December 2012 - February 2013)

4.11

4.2 Stack and Emission Details of Proposed DG Set

4.12 4.3 Post Project Scenario-Units: μg/m3 ( Stage II & III) 4.14 4.4

Post Project Scenario-Units: μg/m3 (cumulative)

4.16

4.5 Water Requirement and Waste water generation (MLD)

4.17

4.6 Wastewater Characteristics 4.18

4.7 Final Treated Characteristics of Industrial Wastewater

4.18

4.8 Final Treated Characteristics of Domestic Wastewater

4.18

4.9 Details of the Hazardous Waste

4.23

4.10 Details of Non - Hazardous Waste

4.23

4.11 Greenbelt and Landscaping details

4.25

4.12 List of Plant Identified – Greenbelt, Road side, Boundary

4.25

Chapter -5 Analysis of alternatives (Technology & Site)

5.1 Site Selection Criteria – Areas to be Avoided 5.1

5.2 Siting Criteria of the proposed Project 5.2


6.1 Environmental Monitoring During Project Constructional phase (Stage II & III)

6.2

6.2 Environmental Monitoring During Operational Phase (Stage II & III)

6.5

6.3 List of Equipment proposed for Environmental Laboratory

6.6

6.4 Cost towards Environmental Mitigation Measures 6.8

Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

7.1 Storage Capacity at Project Site for the proposed project (Stage II & II)

7.7 7.2 Summary Table on the Inventories 7.8

7.3 Properties of Fuels employed

7.8 7.4 Indicative Criteria for Identification of Toxic, Flammable and

Explosive Chemicals (MSIHC Rules 1989)

7.9

7.5 Applicability of GOI Rules to Storages

7.10 7.6 Description of GOI Rules

7.11

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7.7 Short listed Hazards

7.12

7.8 Mathematical models and analytical models for Hazard Analysis 7.13 7.9 Damage criteria

7.14 7.10 Radiation exposure and lethality

7.14

7.11 Damage due to peak over pressure

7.15

7.12 F&EI and TI of fuels used for the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II &

7.15

7.13 Monthly and Annual Rainfall for Vasanthanarasapura Industrial Area

7.22

Chapter - 10 Environmental Management Plan

10.1 Air Pollution Control Measures 10.6

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List of Figures



2.1 Location details of the proposed project (Stage II & II) 2.10 2.2 Proposed Layout of the Proposed Project (Stage II & II) 2.11 2.3 Satellite Imagery (Google) of the Proposed Project - 15 Km buffer (Stage II &

2.12 2.4 Satellite Imagery (LISS III) of the Proposed Project - 10 Km buffer (Stage II & II)

2.13 2.5 Topographical map of the Proposed Project - 10 Km buffer (Stage II & II)

2.14 2.6 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the Proposed Project - 10 Km (Stage II & II)

2.15

2.7 Water Distribution System (Stage II & II)

2.16 2.8 Water Balance Diagram ( Stage I) 2.18

2.9 Water Balance Diagram ( Stage II & III) 2.18

Chapter -3 Description of the Environment

3.1 Wind rose for the month of December - 2012 3.4

3.2 Wind rose for the month of January - 2013 3.5

3.3 Wind rose for the month of February – 2013 3.6

3.4 Wind rose for the month of Season (2012-13) 3.7

3.5 Monitoring locations for air/noise/soil/ground water & surface water in and around the study area

3.10

3.6 Land use pattern Statistics 3.28

3.7 Land Use Land Cover Pattern of the study area 3.29

Chapter -4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures

4.1-4.3 Predicted Max. GLC’s for PM, SO2 & NOX (Stage II & III)

4.13-4.14 4.4-4.6 Predicted Max. GLC’s for PM, SO2 & NOX (cumulative)

4.15-4.16 4.7 Schematic flow diagram of common effluent treatment plant 4.20

4.8 Schematic flow diagram of common sewage treatment plant 4.20


6.1 Organizational Set-up for Environmental Management 6.7

Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

View of Topographical expression of the site

7.18 Observation of Rock Outcrops existing within the Industrial Park

7.20 First and Second order streams developed on the surface of the proposed

7.21

Graphical representation of rainfall 7.22

7.1 View of Topographical expression of the site

7.18 7.2 Observation of Rock Outcrops existing within the Industrial Park

7.20 7.3 First and Second order streams developed on the surface of the proposed site 7.21 7.4 Graphical representation of rainfall 7.22

Draft Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for the Proposed Development of Stage II & Stage III Industrial Area, Vasanthanarasapura, Tumkur District, Karnataka

M/s Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd, Hyderabad 1.1

CHAPTER

Introduction

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board (KIADB) is a statutory body constituted under

KIAD Act of 1966. KIADB is a premier infrastructure providing agency with ISO 9001: 2000

Certification, offers to entrepreneurs an unmatched convenience of world-class infrastructure

for their Industrial and Allied Projects.

The purposes of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III are

as follows:

1. To promote Rapid and Orderly development of Industries in the State.

2. To assist in implementation of policies of government within the purview of KIAD Act.

3. To facilitate for establishing infrastructure projects.

4. To function on Corporate lines, with “No Profit – No Loss” policy.

As per the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) notification S.O. 1533, issued on 14th September, 2006 and its subsequent amendments, the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III is falling under Project / Activity 7 (c) Industrial estates/ parks/ complexes/ areas, export processing Zones (EPZs), Special Economic Zones (SEZs), Biotech Parks, Leather Complexes. The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III is coming under Category – A since at least one industry in the proposed industrial estate falls under the Category A, entire industrial area shall be treated as Category A, irrespective of the area and the Industrial estates with area greater than 500 ha and housing at least one Category B industry shall apply for the proposed project, require Environmental Clearance (EC) from the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC), Ministry of

1



Environment & Forests (MoEF), New Delhi. M/s KIADB have submitted Form 1 application along with feasibility report for obtaining Terms of Reference (TOR) to EAC vide Letter No. KIADB/DO/TMK/1110/2012-13 Dated 08.10.2012. The project proposal was considered and appraised by the EAC in its Meeting of the EAC during 9th November 2012 for undertaking EIA Study in accordance with the provisions of the EIA notification dated 14th September, 2006. The EAC – MoEF, has given Terms of Reference in ref to the Confirmation of the Minutes of the 118th Meeting of the EAC held on 8th - 9th November, 2012 at New Delhi. The SEIAA issued EC for Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage I vide ref. enclosed EC copy as Annexure 1. 1.2 OBJECTIVE & SCOPE OF THE STUDY The objective of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is to identify, predict, evaluate, and mitigate the biophysical and other relevant effects by the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, prior to the major decisions and commitments were made. These studies integrate the environmental concerns and mitigation measures into the project planning stages like basic design, detailed design, construction and operational phases of the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. Monitoring and feedback on Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), and training activities can be planned thoroughly and effectively with the help of these studies. To achieve the above objectives the following policy is recommended. 1 EIA to be prepared with base line data collection and making use of preliminary design

specifications/data of the proposed operations. 2 The findings and recommendations of the study are to be incorporated into the project

planning, design, conducting operations of the project. 3 The EIA will cover one season baseline environmental data, as per the guidelines of MoEF,

New Delhi. The scope includes collection of baseline data with respect to major environmental components, viz. Air, Noise, Water, Land, and Biological components for evaluation of environmental impacts to delineate Environmental Management Plan (EMP).



To control the adverse impacts, sound and safe environmental management plan has to be implemented by the proponent, which makes environmental protection as essential requirement along with profits due to the production. 1.3 PERIOD OF STUDY For the preparation of draft EIA report for the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III vide its Letter from MoEF, the baseline data was collected for one season (from December – 2012 to February - 2013) representing Winter Season (2012-13). Wind speed, wind direction and relative humidity were also collected on hourly basis. Minimum & Maximum temperatures were also recorded during the study period. 1.4 AIR ENVIRONMENT An area covering 10 km radial distance surrounding the proposed site for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III was identified as study area (Impact Zone). The topographical information of the project site, study area, and the details of different activities related to the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, were collected. Air pollutants like PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, Ozone (O3) and Carbon monoxide (CO) were identified as related to the project activities for representing baseline status of ambient air quality within the study area. Pre-calibrated Respirable / Fine Dust Samplers (APM 460 BL for PM10 and APM 550 for PM2.5) were used for monitoring the air pollutants. The Ozone (O3) and Carbon monoxide (CO) was also monitored as per the standard procedures and methods during the period of study.

Modeling of air quality predictions was carried out using AERMOD, a licensed version from Lakes Environment. It has been recognized internationally for its technologically advanced air dispersion modelling software and also for its exceptional expertise in the area of IT solutions for environmental sciences.

1.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Excessive noise levels cause adverse effects on human beings and the associated environment including domestic animals, wild life, natural eco-system, and structures. Hence noise survey is carried out at the proposed site and nearby villages. Noise levels (A-Weighted) were measured



using LUTRON SL-4001 precision sound level meter. The principle of propagation of sound waves was used to estimate the noise levels at all monitoring locations. 1.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT Information on water resources in the study area was collected. The water a resource in the study area mainly comprises of groundwater, surface water sources etc. The parameters of prime importance for water quality studies were selected under physical and chemical groups etc. were analyzed. Samples were collected at different locations in the study area. 1.7 LAND ENVIRONMENT Soil samples were collected from the proposed site for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, not only at its immediate vicinity but also in the surrounding villages in a 10 km radial zone. Physico-chemical properties of the soils were determined. Based on the attenuation factors for dust aerosols and air pollutants, green belt species have been identified. 1.8 ECO-SYSTEM Primary & secondary data of flora and fauna within 10 Km radius from the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III was collected and incorporated in the report. 1.9 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The main objective of the EIA is to study the positive and negative impacts by the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, on the environment and to suggest mitigation measures to curtail the negative impacts. As per the “Terms of Reference” the following studies were carried out to prepare the “EIA Report” The detailed point wise clarification for additional TOR is enclosed in this report separately.



CHAPTER

Project Description 2.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE NATURE OF THE PROJECT

The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura Industrial Area (IA) of Stage II & Stage III envisaged is an Industrial theme park with a vision of providing “Hassle free production environment” for IT/BT Precision & Electronic Industries, Garments and Food Processing/Chemicals, & Other General Industries Such as Engineering Industries like Machine parts, Automobile industry, etc.

The proposed site for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III comprises of semi urban and rural environment. The area earmarked for the proposed IA of Stage II & Stage III is about 1158.15 Ha (2861. 84 acre) of land. Presently the land is barren with degraded shrub in most of the area, while some land is also covered by agricultural activity. Out of 511.45 Ha (1263.78 acre) of land, 262.77 Ha (649.31 acre) of land has been reserved for industrial plots for Stage II. In addition to this at stage II, 59.52 Ha (147.07 acre) reserved for SC/ST. In stage III, out of 312.12 Ha (771.27 acre), 144.71 Ha (357.58 acre) of land has been reserved for industrial plots. In addition to this at Stage III, 334.58 Ha (826.77 acre) of land has been reserved for IMA, KPTCL, KSSIDC, Integrated Park and Power Grid Corporation. The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II& Stage III and allocation of plots are detailed in the proposed layouts of Stage II& Stage III. The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA and allocation of plots for industries are detailed in the proposed layouts of Stage II & Stage III IA’s and the list of upcoming industries as on today are included as Annexure 2.

2



2.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT

KIADB identified the land and wanted to develop an industrial area with a purpose to promote an orderly development of industries in the state. Any activity aimed at development will have repercussions on the environment, both positive and negative. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is a management tool, which enables the proponent to identify the negative impacts and to mitigate the negative impacts through appropriate Environmental Management Plans. Hence KIADB as a part of the compliance to the regulatory requirement i.e. to obtain Environment Clearance (EC) from Environmental Appraisal Committee (EAC) / Ministry of Environment & Forests (MOEF), have appointed a consultant to carry out the studies for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. 2.3 NEED OF THE PROJECT

In order to improve the socio – economic status of the country “Development of Industries is a Must”

Due to the proposed development of industrial area of Stage II & Stage III at Vasanthanarasapura

1. There will positive impacts on the socio – economic status of the surrounding areas 2. More employment opportunities will be generated 3. Physical infrastructure development such as improvement to roads, UGD lines, street

lights etc will take place

Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, at this juncture will be welcomed by all the parties concerned, viz. IT/BT Precision & Electronic Industries, Garments and Food Processing/Chemicals, & Other General Industries Such as Engineering Industries like Machine parts, Automobile industry, etc. Keeping the Environmental Management as the focal issue right from the Industrial Area (IA) Layout stage will definitely herald a new era in the sustainable industrial growth in harmony with the environment. The development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III has a potential to prove that the Industrial development and environment protection can go hand in hand in contrast to the general feeling that the industrialization leads to pollution.



2.4 MITIGATION MEASURES The following are the mitigation measures adopted for “the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III”.

1. Rejuvanation of tanks and implementation of rainwater harvesting ponds at the boundary of the tanks in order to recharge ground water table.

2. KIADB has instructed member industries to adopt rainwater harvesting systems to meet the water demand.

Air Quality During Construction Fugitive dust due to construction work and vehicle movement. Apart from the small scale, water spray would be considered to suppress the dust emission at site as well on road. During Operation DG set stacks and other process emissions are passed through appropriated air pollution control units/treatment systems and vented through stack meeting the CPCB standards. Effluents (Wastewater) Domestic effluents collected and treated in CSTP, the treated water will be used for

greenbelt development. Common effluents from the process of individual units will collected and treated in CETP,

partly reused and excess if any disposed as per the EC/CFE norms.

Solid Waste Solid waste would be segregated, collected and stored in an earn marked storage yard and

hand over to the CHWMF (Common Hazardous Waste Management Facility) for appropriate treatment and disposal.

Un-burnt or contaminated oil would be collected and stored in drums for disposal to authorized purchaser.

Municipal Solid Waste would be collected and stored in an earn marked storage yard and further hand over to the authorized facility for treatment and disposal.

Metal Scrap would be collected and sold to the authorized purchaser.



2.5 LAND DETAILS & MOU The land breakup for the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III are given in Table 2.1 and list of villages covered are given in Table 2.2 and land acquisition documents are enclosed as an Annexure 3. The salient features and the latitude and longitude of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III are depicted in Table 2.3. The Model MoU between member industries and the developer (KIADB) as to provide green area (15%) for each industrial plot and it is integrated in the MoU which is enclosed as an Annexure 4 for both stages.

Table 2.1

Land Use Analysis for the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III

S. No Description Area - Stage I** Area - Stage II Area - Stage - III

Ha Acre Ha Acre Ha Acre

1 Industrial 190.01 469.52 262.77 649.31 144.71 357.58

2 CA 15.75 38.92 14.05 34.72 15.43 38.12

3 Utility -- -- 11.60 28.66

4 Commercial -- -- 5.03 12.44 9.85 24.34

5 Residential -- -- 40.57 100.20 33.82 83.58

6 Park 36.79 90.91 68.96 170.41 45.47 112.36

7 Buffer 13.77 34.02 10.81 26.71

8 Truck Parking 28.55 70.55 22.56 55.75 15.60 38.56

9 Road 31.79 78.56 75.10 185.58 47.24 116.73

Total Area 316.66 782.48 511.45 1263.78 312.12 771.27 # Addition to this 59.52 ha (147.07 acre) reserved for SC/ST.

** Note: Stage 1: Environmental Clearance has been obtained from SEIAA, Karnataka



Other Allocations:

S. No Description Area - Stage III Ha Acre

1 Indian Manufaturing Association 202.34 500.00

2 KPTCL 6.07 15.00 3 KSSDC 40.47 100.00 4 M/s Integrated Park Pvt Ltd.,

40.27 99.50

5 M/s Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd 45.43 112.27 Total Area 334.58 826.77

Note: Green belt development (30 mtr all along the boundary of the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of stage II & stage III & Member or Individual Industry 15%) will be developed

2.6 SALIENT FEATURES OF LOCATION & LANDSCAPE AREA DETAILS The area earmarked for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, which are located adjacent to the Stage I ( EC has been obtained vide ref to the Annexure 1), along the NH-4 & it is 70 Kms from Bangalore. The details of the proposed project location, lay out, satellite imagery (15 Km buffer) –Google, Satellite Imagery (LISS III) (10 Km buffer), topographical map (10 Km buffer) & Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (10 Km buffer) are shown from Figure 2.1 to 2.5.

Table 2.2 List of Villages Covered under the proposed development of

Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III

S. No Stage II Stage III Village Name Area in Ha Village Name Area in Ha

1 Yaladalu 434 Vasanthanarasapura 22.27 2 Nagenahalli 68.4 Kempanadodderi 50.60

Batsandra 112.00 Kenchanahalli 19.83 Sangenahalli 140.63

Thippedasarahlli 150.20 Buvajanahalli 100.00

Kempadalihalli 4.1 Doddanapalya 4.45

Total 502.4 Total 604.11



For the development of IA Stage II 79.77 Ha (197.12 acre) & for stage III 45.47 Ha (112.36 acre) of land will be utilized for landscape/green belt development and it will be further extended based on statutory requirement. Landscape/green belt development areas proposed are: Along the boundary of the proposed project site & along the roads. Around CETP/CSTP Between industrial plots (member industries)

The ROW of roads would also accommodate a small extent of greenery. Apart from the green areas, the prospective industrial units (member industries) will also develop greenbelt within the project area and develop green belt along the periphery and along the roads, ETP, STP etc.,



Table 2.3

Salient features of the proposed site for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III

Latitude / Longitude

Stage II Latitude N Longitude E

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec 13 30 51 77 1 40 13 30 50 77 2 51 13 29 53 77 2 42 13 29 53 77 1 52

Stage III Latitude N Longitude E


Topographical map No. 57 C/14, 57 C/15, 57 G/2, 57 G/3

Elevation Stage II (802-846 m) Stage III (811-852 m)

Water Requirement 4000 KLD (4.0 MLD) (Source Hemavathi River to Kuppor Tank which is 20 km S from site)

Power Requirement 216000 KW (216 MW)

Manpower requirement 145000 Persons

Waste Water Generation 2380 KLD (2.38 MLD)

Nearest Railway Station/Airport Tumkur Railway Station 20 Km (E) Bengaluru International Airport 100 Km (SE)

Nearest Highway Connected to NH – 4 1.0 Km (W)

Nearest Town/City Tumkur 20 Km (E)

Nearest Habitation Kachenahalli 0.5 km (E) - 35 houses



Figure – 2.1 Location details of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III



Figure 2.2 Proposed Layout of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA Stage – II & Stage III

(A3 size drawing in the EIA report Enclosed)



Figure 2.2 Proposed Layout of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA Stage – II




Figure 2.2

Proposed Layout of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA Stage – III (A3 size drawing in the EIA report Enclosed)



Figure 2.3 Satellite Imagery (Google) of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA Stage – II & Stage III - 15 Km buffer

(A3 size drawing in the EIA/EMP report Enclosed)



Figure 2.4

Satellite Imagery (LISS III) of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage – II & Stage III – 10 Km buffer




Figure 2.5 Topographical map of the proposed development of

Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage – II & Stage III – 10 Km buffer




Figure 2.6 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage – II & Stage III – 10 Km buffer




2.7 WATER AND POWER REQUIREMENT The main raw materials required for the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & III are water and power. The details of the water and power and its source are given in Table 2.4 & Figure 2.7 shows the water distribution system for Stage I, II & III.

Table 2.4 Details of Water and Power Requirement

S.No Material Requirement For Stage I**

Requirement For Stage II & III

(Proposed)

Source

1 Water Demand (MLD)

5.0

4.0

(Source Hemavathi River to Kuppor Tank which is 20 km S

from site) 2 Power Demand

(KW) 5000 216000 KPTCL

3 Backup Power (KW)

1500 2250 DG SET (1+1)


To meet the emergency requirement of the power during power failure a DG of 1500 KW for Stage I; 2250 KW for Stage II &III in 1+1 mode are proposed and operated after establishment of the proposed project, HSD will be used as fuel, the fuel required will be procured from the local market, the fuel requirement will be around 470 & 589 Liters/hour.

Figure 2.7 Water Distribution System



2.8 WATER AND WASTE WATER GENERATIONS The total water required and wastewater generated for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III is given in Table 2.5 and represented pictorially in Figures 2.8 – 2.9.

Table 2.5

Water Requirement and Wastewater Generation - (MLD)

S.No Utility Water Requirement Stage I**

Wastewater generation Stage II & III (Proposed)

Total Fresh Wastewater Treated Water Total Fresh Wastewater Treated

Water 1 Industrial

Units 1.90 0.59 1.52 1.31 2.00 0.62 1.52 1.38

2 Potable/ Domestic 1.60 1.60 1.44 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.86 0.00

3 Green belt development 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 5.00 2.19 2.96 2.81 4.00 2.62 2.38 1.38 ** Note: Stage 1: Environmental Clearance has been obtained from SEIAA, Karnataka



Note: All Figures are in MLD

Figure 2.8 Water Balance Diagram (Stage I**) ** Note: Stage 1: Environmental Clearance has been obtained from SEIAA, Karnataka


Figure 2.9 Water Balance Diagram (Stage II & Stage III (Proposed)



Water demand for the proposed project is 4000 KLD (4 MLD). Water source for the proposed project is Hemavathi Canal. Water distribution system for the proposed project is as shown in the flow chart Figure 2.5. 300 mm & 250 mm DI pipes will be used as rising mains to pump water from jack well to WTP and from WTP to Vasanthanarasapura Industrial Area GLSR. 150 mm DI pipes will be used as distribution pipes to supply water from GLSR to individual industries at Anthrasanahalli Industrial Area & Satyamangala Industrial Area.

2.9 MAN POWER The majority of the work force will be employed from the nearby villages for operational maintenance of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. The break-up of the manpower requirement is shown in Table 2.6.

Table 2.6

Manpower Requirement S.No Type Number of

Persons Remarks

Stage I**

Stage II & Stage III

(Proposed) 1 Managers, Executive, staff 35550 145000 Preference will be

given to employ from nearby villages

2 Skilled / unskilled workers Total 35550 145000


2.10 ROAD NETWORK As the industrial area is adjacent to the National Highway 4, a 30 m wide central road with median is proposed for main entry into the layout. For smooth flow of traffic in the layout 18 m wide roads are proposed as arterial roads. 2.11 TRAFFIC PROJECTION The transport demand is a function of Land use. The entire area is proposed to be developed in phases according to demand. To arrive at future traffic and design capacity of compatible roads, junctions, parking and public transport facilities, following assumptions have been made.



125 workers for one Ha are calculated. This industrial assumption is also validated from the information extracted from the forms submitted by industrialist for possible allotment of industrial land. Profiles of the workers are assumed as follows; Executive Cadre

Top management: 5% of total workers Middle management: 10% of total workers Lower management: 15% of total workers

Non-executive • Skilled workers : 35% of total workers • Unskilled workers :35% of total workers • Goods imported and exported : 0.01 Tonnes/sqm/day • Peak hour factor : 12% of daily traffic • Congestion Factor : 50% of peak Traffic

The transport demand is a function of land use. The land use will be developed in stages and it has been taken from the approved plan of Industrial area and it will be used for traffic demand projections. Some broad assumptions have also been made about trip generating potential of the various land uses in different horizon years. The attraction to the study area from surrounding areas is based on assumptions. Some of the broad assumptions are as follows

Travel Demand for the Year 2020 Total trip likely to be generated in the industrial area = Per capita trip rate x Population (Based on appx.125 persons/Ha.) =1.2 X 145000 X 0.89 (developed area 89 %) = 154860 Work trips internal (70%) = 108402 Other trips from internal to the external industrial area (30%) = 46458 Total through trips on existing road tentatively destined from internal Industrial area (30% of 46458) to the external = 2000 per day (80 PCU/hr)



2.12 EFFLUENT CONVEYANCE SYSTEM

Sewage generation from the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, has been assumed as 80% of the domestic water demand. Sewage and industrial effluents will be collected through separate network of pipes planned along either sides of road. From the pipes sewage and industrial effluents will reach Common Effluent & Sewage Treatment Plants for treatment & disposal. Tertiary treated water will be supplied to the cooling towers for member industries and for gardening purpose.

2.13 COMMON WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS

Appropriate area of land has been earmarked for CETP & CSTP in the proposed site of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. The CETP & CSTP will be designed based on the effluent characteristics and quantity. Adequate treatment units will be provided to ensure that the treated effluent meets the prescribed CPCB/SPCB standards. The member industries will also treat their effluents preliminarily to meet the stipulate standard as prescribed by the CETP/CSTP which are constructing in the industrial area of Stage II & Stage III.

2.14 STORM WATER MANAGEMENT

The ground is very undulating & terrain is flat with a gentle slope. While designing storm water drainage system, all these factors will be considered. Storm water drains will be planned along the sides of the roads to collect the surface run – off water from the roads and make a plan that the surface water from the drains will be led into natural valleys.

2.15 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT All industries coming up in the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, if required will utilize the services of the Common Hazardous Waste Management Facility (CHWMF) which already exists in the near Dobaspet on NH 207. All the hazardous waste from member industries will be transported to CHWMF facility for treatment and for further safe



disposal as per the statutory requirement and procedures. Safe storage and transportation of the produced solid and hazardous waste is the total responsibility of the member industry. Municipal Solid Waste would be collected and stored in an earn marked storage yard and further hand over to the authorized facility for treatment and disposal by the member industries & by the developer.



CHAPTER

Description of the Environment

3.1 PREAMBLE The existing environmental status for various/environmental attributes within 10 km radius from the proposed project has been studied. To compute the impacts that are likely to arise due to the proposed activities of the proposed project. The proposed project as the center, a radial distance of 10 Km is considered as ‘study area’ for data collection and environmental monitoring.

The scope of the existing studies includes detailed characterization of following environmental components, which are most likely to be influenced by the proposed project.

• Meteorological conditions • Ambient Air Quality • Noise Levels • Water Quality (Surface + Ground water) • Soil Quality

3.2 STUDY AREA The proposed project site comprises of semi urban and rural environment. The area earmarked for the proposed project is about 1158.15 Ha (2861. 84 acre) of land. Presently the land is barren with degraded shrub in most of the area, while some land is also covered by agricultural activity.

3



3.3. METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS

The study of meteorological conditions forms an intrinsic part of the study. The meteorological conditions of the study area around the proposed project are both intertwined each other and each has a definite influence over the other. 3.3.1 Climate The climate in the study region is generally hot and humid and summary of the seasons

given below.

Winter December to February (Cool, most pleasant weather) Summer March to May (Warm Summer, Hot and humid) Rainy June to September (Heavy rains, high humidity) Post Monsoon October to November (Relatively warm, No rains)

3.3.2 Meteorological Scenario of the Study Area Regional meteorological scenario helps to understand the trends of the climatic factors. It also helps in determining the sampling stations in predicting the post project environmental scenario. Meteorological Scenario exerts a critical influence on Air Quality as the pollution arises from the interaction of atmospheric contaminants with adverse meteorological conditions such as temperature inversions, atmospheric stability and topographical features like hills, canyons and valleys. The critical weather elements that influence air pollution are wind speed, wind direction, temperature, which together determines atmosphere stability. Hence it is an indispensable part of any air pollution studies and required for interpretation of base line information. The details of the temperature, relative humidity and rainfall observed in during the study period (Winter Season) from December 2012 to February 2013) are given in Table 3.1.



Table 3.1

Observed Meteorological Data Winter Season (2012-13)

Period

Temperature (oC)

Relative Humidity (%)

Rain fall Predominant wind direction Blowing

from Min Max Min Max (mm)

Winter season (2012-13)

15 30 24 94 0 E,ESE,ENE

3.4. STUDY PERIOD

The study was carried out during the months of December - 2012, January -2013 and February - 2013 representing Winter Season (2012-13). The wind pattern of the study area was collected through Primary & Secondary data. Wind speed and direction data recorded during the study period is useful in identifying the influence of meteorology on the air quality of the area. Based on the meteorological data wind roses that is the diagrammatic representation of wind speed and wind direction along with their persistence for a fractional period of occurrence at a given location is constructed. Wind Speed, Wind Direction were recorded on hourly basis for the total study period. Wind roses on sixteen-sector basis (N, NNE, NE, ENE, E, ESE, SE, SSE, S, SSW, SW, WSW, W, WNW, NW, and NNW) have been drawn for 00-24 hours. Wind directions and wind speed frequency observed during study period has been observed. The baseline data generation of Air, Noise, Water (Ground and Surface water), Soil, Flora & Fauna (secondary data), with respect to meteorological conditions were carried out during the study period. Secondary meteorological data has been collected from the nearest IMD station Tumkur at about 20 Km from the study area.

3.4.1 Wind pattern

The meteorological data-recorded for 00-24 hours with hourly interval with reference to wind speed and wind direction and the average data is tabulated in Tables 3.2 to 3.5. The wind rose diagrams for the months of December - 2012, January -2013 and February – 2013 & Total Winter Season (2012-13) are shown in Figures 3.1 to 3.4.



Table 3.2

Frequency Distribution 00-24 hours December – 2012

Note: All values are in percentages

Figure 3.1 Wind Rose for the Month of December - 2012 (00-24 Hours)

The data recorded for this month reveals that the most predominant wind direction was E with the winds blowing for 20.29 % of the total time which is followed by ENE and NE, with a percentage frequency recording are 15.72 % and 11.96 % respectively. Calm conditions prevailed for 6.72 % of the total time.

Wind Direction Wind Speed m/sec

Total (%) 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 - 3.0 3.0 - 4.0 4.0 - 5.0 >= 5.0 N 1.08 0.94 0.81 0.4 0.54 3.77

NNE 1.75 0.81 0.81 0.4 0.4 4.17 NE 5.11 3.76 1.48 0.4 1.21 11.96

ENE 2.82 6.05 4.7 1.48 0.67 15.72 E 7.12 6.72 2.82 2.02 1.61 20.29

ESE 1.75 2.96 1.88 0.81 0.27 7.67 SE 1.75 2.42 0.27 0.27 0.27 4.98

SSE 0.94 1.21 0.54 0.4 0.54 3.63 S 2.69 1.61 0.81 0.4 0.4 5.91

SSW 0.54 0.81 0.81 0.4 0.13 2.69 SW 0.81 0.4 0.4 0 0.13 1.74

WSW 0.4 0.67 0.54 0.27 0 1.88 W 0.94 0.4 0 0.13 0.13 1.6

WNW 0.4 0.94 0.4 0.13 0.13 2 NW 0.81 0.54 0.28 0.27 0.67 2.57

NNW 0.94 1.34 0 0.14 0.28 2.7 Sub-Total 29.85 31.58 16.55 7.92 7.38 93.28

Calms 6.72 Total 100



Table 3.3

Frequency Distribution 00-24 hours January – 2013

Figure 3.2 Wind Rose for the Month of January - 2013 (00-24 Hours)

The data recorded for this month reveals that the most predominant wind direction was E with the winds blowing for 20.30 % of the total time which is followed by ESE and ENE, with a percentage frequency recording are 16.53 % and 12.50 % respectively. Calm conditions prevailed for 4.17 % of the total time.


Total (%) 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 - 3.0 3.0 - 4.0 4.0 - 5.0 >= 5.0 N 1.61 1.75 0.27 0.54 0 4.17

NNE 1.48 1.48 0.54 1.08 0.4 4.98 NE 2.69 1.48 1.75 1.21 0.54 7.67

ENE 3.63 4.84 1.88 0.81 1.34 12.5 E 5.78 6.05 3.49 2.69 2.02 20.03

ESE 5.38 5.51 2.82 0.94 1.88 16.53 SE 1.08 2.42 1.34 0.54 0.94 6.32

SSE 1.21 1.48 0.27 0.27 0.13 3.36 S 1.08 1.48 0.54 0.81 0.13 4.04

SSW 1.08 0.94 0.27 0.13 0 2.42 SW 0.67 1.08 0.4 0.4 0.13 2.68

WSW 0.81 0.67 0.4 0.13 0 2.01 W 0.4 0.81 0 0.54 0.4 2.15

WNW 0.4 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.27 2.29 NW 0.81 0.4 0 0.13 0.54 1.88

NNW 0.81 0.54 0.4 0.65 0.4 2.8 Sub-Total 28.92 31.47 14.91 11.41 9.12 95.83




Table 3.4

Frequency Distribution 00-24 hours February – 2013

Figure 3.3 Wind Rose for the Month of February - 2013 (00-24 Hours)

The data recorded for this month reveals that the most predominant wind direction was E with the winds blowing for 20.3 % of the total time which is followed by E and ESE, with a percentage frequency recording are 16.53 % and 12.50 % respectively. Calm conditions prevailed for 6.40 % of the total time.


Total (%) 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 - 3.0 3.0 - 4.0 4.0 - 5.0 >= 5.0 N 0.74 0.89 0.45 0 0.15 2.23

NNE 1.49 2.23 0.74 0 0.45 4.91 NE 2.23 2.08 0.45 0.6 1.04 6.4

ENE 1.34 0.89 0.15 0.3 0.15 2.83 E 6.25 7.13 2.83 3.13 2.98 22.32

ESE 4.91 3.13 2.08 1.19 1.19 12.5 SE 2.08 2.53 1.19 0.6 0.45 6.85

SSE 0.89 0.6 0.73 0.6 0.6 3.42 S 4.76 4.32 3.57 2.08 1.64 16.37

SSW 0.45 0.89 0.74 0.15 0.15 2.38 SW 0.89 0.45 0.74 0.15 0 2.23

WSW 0.89 1.34 0.3 0 0 2.53 W 0.74 0.6 0.6 0.29 0 2.23

WNW 0.6 0.3 0.45 0.15 0.29 1.79 NW 0.6 0.89 0.45 0.15 0.29 2.38

NNW 0.89 0.6 0.45 0 0.29 2.23 Sub-Total 29.75 28.87 15.92 9.39 9.67 93.6




Table 3.5

Frequency Distribution 00-24 hours Winter Season (2012 -13)

Figure 3.4 Wind Rose for the Winter Season (2012-13) (00-24 Hours)

The data recorded for this month reveals that the most predominant wind direction was E with the winds blowing for 20.84 % of the total time which is followed by ESE and ENE, with a percentage frequency recording are 12.22 % and 10.60 % respectively. Calm conditions prevailed for 5.74 % of the total time.


Total (%) 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 - 3.0 3.0 - 4.0 4.0 - 5.0 >= 5.0 N 1.16 1.2 0.51 0.32 0.24 3.43

NNE 1.57 1.48 0.69 0.51 0.42 4.67 NE 3.38 2.45 1.25 0.74 0.93 8.75

ENE 2.64 4.03 2.31 0.88 0.74 10.6 E 6.39 6.62 3.06 2.59 2.18 20.84

ESE 3.98 3.89 2.27 0.97 1.11 12.22 SE 1.62 2.45 0.93 0.46 0.56 6.02

SSE 1.02 1.11 0.51 0.42 0.42 3.48 S 2.78 2.41 1.57 1.06 0.69 8.51

SSW 0.69 0.88 0.6 0.23 0.09 2.49 SW 0.79 0.65 0.51 0.19 0.09 2.23

WSW 0.69 0.88 0.42 0.14 0 2.13 W 0.69 0.6 0.19 0.32 0.19 1.99

WNW 0.46 0.6 0.46 0.28 0.24 2.04 NW 0.74 0.6 0.23 0.19 0.51 2.27

NNW 0.88 0.83 0.28 0.28 0.32 2.59 Sub-Total 29.48 30.68 15.79 9.58 8.73 94.26




3.5 AIR ENVIRONMENT 3.5.1 Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality was monitored in the impact area as per the guidelines prescribed by the MoEF. The prime objective of the existing air quality study was to assess the base line ambient air quality within 10 Km radius from the proposed project.

3.5.2 Methodology adopted for the Study

The existing status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a scientifically designed ambient air quality network. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance programme has been based on the following considerations:

• Meteorological parameters on synoptic scale • Topography of the study area • Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining existing status • Representatives of likely impact areas.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at 11 locations with due consideration to the above mentioned points. AAQ locations were selected in downwind, cross wind and upwind direction from the proposed project. The details of the monitoring stations are tabulated in Tables 3.6 A.

At each sampling station, monitoring was carried for a frequency of 2 days per week for 4 weeks during study period (Winter Season (2012-13)). The Common air pollutants namely Particulate Matter (PM<2.5µm, PM <10µm), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were sampled on 24 hourly ; Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO) sampled on hourly as per the standard method. The results were averaged to 24 hours to meet the requirements of the MoEF and compared with the standards stipulated by CPCB/KSPCB. The results are tabulated in Tables 3.7 to 3.11.



Table 3.6 (A) Monitoring Locations for Air/Noise/Soil/Ground Water

In and around the Study Area (10 Km Buffer)

Sampling Code

Name of the Sampling Station

GPS Co Ordinates Direction w.r.t

the wind

Direction w.r.t

the project site

Distance w.r.t

project site (Km)

Latitude N Longitude D M S D M S

L1 Project Site 13

30 24 77

2 27 - - -

L2 Kesturu 13

30 15 77

4 35 Up wind E 3.5

L3 Goudihalli 13

30 6 77

00

7 Down wind W 4.0

L4 Hunjanalu 13

31 3 76

58

14 Down wind W 4.7

L5 Samparahalli 13

32 17 77

1 16 Cross wind NW 4.0

L6 Sibiagrahara 13

33 38 76

58

34 Cross wind NNW 9.0

L7 Lakanahalli 13

27 28 76

58

56 Cross wind SW 8.5

L8 Nagarjunahalli 13 27 40 7

7 10 52 Cross wind S 6.5

L9 Karikere 13

27 25 77

60

1 Cross wind SE 9.0

L10 Surenhalli 13

32 50 77

4 37 Cross wind NE 6.0

L11 Gidadagalla

Halli 13 35 24 7

7 2 48 Cross wind N 9.0

Table 3.6 (B) Monitoring locations for surface waters

In the study area (10 km buffer)

Sampling Code

Name of the Surface

water body

GPS Co Ordinates Direction w.r.t the project site

Distance w.r.t project site (Km) Latitude Longitude

D M S D M S SW1 Gowdanhalli

Kere 13 30 11 77 00 58 W 4.0

SW2 Hebbaka Lake

13 24 27 77 3 54 SSE 7.0

SW3 Nellahallu 13 30 51 77 00 42 W 1.5

SW4 Joganhalli 13 33 54 76 59 23 NW 8.0

SW5 Kurehalli kere 13 31 34 77 5 60 NE 5.0



Figure 3.5 Monitoring Locations for Air/Noise/Soil/Ground Water (GW) &

Surface Water (SW) in and around the Study Area (10 Km Buffer)



Table 3.7 Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area – PM 2.5

Sampling Code


PM-2.5 ( µg/m3) CPCB

Standards for PM 2.5

Min Max Mean 98th Percentile

60

(24 hourly)

L1 Project Site 19.3 27.5 22.4 26.8

L2 Kesturu 15.9 23.9 19.4 23.4

L3 Goudihalli 23.2 33.1 28.7 32.9

L4 Munjanahalli 25.5 34.6 29.3 34.4

L5 Samparahalli 21.6 32.8 25.4 31.8

L6 Sibiagrahara 16.3 28.7 23.7 28.7

L7 Lakanahalli 20.6 30.9 24.7 30.1

L8 Nagajanahalli 17.2 28.8 23.5 28.0

L9 Karikere 16.4 26.5 20.8 25.9

L10 Surenhalli 17.5 25.7 22.5 25.6

L11 Gidadagalla Halli 16.7 27.7 22.5 25.9



Table 3.8

Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area - PM10

Sampling Code


PM- 10( µg/m3)

CPCB Standards for PM 10

(Gravimetric Method) ( μg/m3 )

Min Max Mean 98th percentile

100

(24 hourly)

L1 Project Site 39.7 49.4 45.4 49.3

L2 Kesturu 36.1 46.7 41.3 46.5

L3 Goudihalli 44.6 59.3 53.0 59.0

L4 Munjanahalli 43.2 60.3 50.3 59.8

L5 Samparahalli 42.4 57.2 49.6 57.1

L6 Sibiagrahara 41.6 54.3 47.9 53.4

L7 Lakanahalli 44.1 58.6 48.6 58.2

L8 Nagajanahalli 41.1 56.3 48.0 55.8

L9 Karikere 40.1 55.1 47.8 54.7

L10 Surenhalli 42.2 54.4 48.6 54.3

L11 Gidadagalla Halli 44.8 52.9 49.6 52.9



Table 3.9

Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area – SO2

Sampling Code

Name of the

Sampling Station

SO2 - μg/m3 CPCB Standards for

SO2

(Ultraviolet Fluorescence

Method)

( μg/m3 )

Min Max Mean 98th

percentile

L1 Project Site 14.5 19.6 16.6 19.6

80

(24 hourly)

L2 Kesturu 10.5 16.5 14.0 16.4 L3 Goudihalli 16.2 22.8 18.4 22.1 L4 Munjanahalli 17.4 24.8 21.4 24.7 L5 Samparahalli 14.2 21.3 17.3 20.9 L6 Sibiagrahara 12.3 18.4 15.6 17.9 L7 Lakanahalli 14.3 21.5 17.1 21.5 L8 Nagajanahalli 12.3 18.2 15.6 18.2

L8 Karikere 10.3 17.7 14.0 17.3

L10 Surenhalli 13.4 18.5 16.2 18.5 L11 Gidadagalla Halli 12.9 19.3 16.7 19.2



Table 3.10

Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area- NOx

Sampling Code

Name of the

Sampling Station

NOx - μg/m3 CPCB Standards for NOX

(Modified Jacob & Hochheiser (Na Arsenic

Method)

( μg/m3 )

Min Max Mean 98th

percentile

L1 Project Site 16.2 25.3 20.6 24.9

80

(24 hourly)

L2 Kesturu 15.2 22.9 19.7 22.8 L3 Goudihalli 19.2 29.4 22.9 28.0 L4 Munjanahalli 21.1 31.2 25.2 30.5 L5 Samparahalli 18.3 28.6 22.7 25.8 L6 Sibiagrahara 14.4 21.8 18.6 21.8 L7 Lakanahalli 15.2 26.3 20.5 24.3 L8 Nagajanahalli 14.8 22.4 18.2 21.2 L9 Karikere 12.9 21.3 18.4 21.1

L10 Surenhalli 13.6 24.5 21.4 24.5 L11 Gidadagalla Halli 14.6 25.5 20.0 25.4



Table 3.11 Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area- O3 & CO

Sampling Code


O3 ( µg/m3) CPCB Standards for

O3 (UV-

Photometric Method) ( μg/m3 )

CO (mg/m3) CPCB Standards for CO ( mg/m3 )

(Non Dispersive Infra red

Spectroscopy Method)

Min Max Mean 98th

Percentile Min Max Mean

98th Percentile

L1 Project Site 11.4 20.5 16.0 20.1

180 (1 hour)

0.225 0.490 0.334 0.480

4

(1 hour)

L2 Kesturu 10.4 18.1 14.9 18.0 0.442 0.599 0.520 0.595

L3 Goudihalli 18.1 25.8 20.9 25.2 0.451 0.767 0.605 0.744

L4 Munjanahalli 16.3 26.4 20.8 25.7 0.402 0.745 0.561 0.737

L5 Samparahalli 13.5 21.6 17.7 21.0 0.310 0.529 0.389 0.519

L6 Sibiagrahara 9.6 18.4 14.1 17.7 0.340 0.559 0.434 0.548

L7 Lakanahalli 10.4 20.5 15.7 19.5 0.311 0.568 0.420 0.536

L8 Nagajanahalli 11.4 17.3 13.4 16.4 0.304 0.458 0.378 0.456

L9 Karikere 8.1 16.5 13.6 16.3 0.332 0.502 0.412 0.490

L10 Surenhalli 10.1 19.7 16.6 19.7 0.310 0.480 0.396 0.470

L11 Gidadagalla Halli 9.8 20.7 15.2 20.6 0.322 0.463 0.382 0.455



3.5.3 Regional Scenario

a) Particulate Matter (<2.5 & 10 µ Size) Particulate Matter in general terms is the particulate matter in suspension in ambient air. It includes dust, smoke, fly ash, carbonaceous matter etc. The following sources of Particulate Matter in the study area are identified as below: Emissions due vehicular movement around the proposed project. Dust generation from ground during vehicular movements Fire wood and litter burning openly in and around the study area An excessive exposure to dust causes breathing related diseases as it effects the lungs. The concentration of smoke and dust also reduces the visibility. Particulate matter affects the plants by settling on the leaves and preventing natural growth. The chemical matter in the dust will affect the structures due to slow reaction over a period of time. The minimum and maximum level of PM (<2.5 & 10 µ size) were recorded in the study area ranging from 15.9 to 34.6 µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 23.4 µg/m3 to 34.4 µg/m3 for 2.5 µ. and 36.1 to 60.3 µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 46.5 µg/m3 to 59.8 µg/m3 for 10 µ size particulates. The 24 hourly average values of PM (< 2.5 & 10µ) were compared with the NAAQS – CPCB Standards (2009) and found that the recorded values in all sampling stations were within the applicable limits. b) Sulfur Dioxide Sulfur dioxide gas is an inorganic gaseous pollutant. Sulfur dioxide emissions are expected to be emitted wherever combustion of any fuel containing sulfur takes place. The sulfur in the fuel will combine with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide. Sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid mist are the other important pollutants in the sulfur group. The following sources of Sulfur dioxide in the study area are identified: 1. Emissions from domestic fuel (coal, diesel, etc.) Sulfur dioxide in atmosphere is significant because of its toxicity. Sulfur dioxide is capable of producing the illness and lung injury. Further it can combine with water in air to form toxic acid aerosols that can corrode metal surfaces, fabrics and it could affect the leaves



of plants. Sulfur dioxide is irritating to the eyes and respiratory system. Excessive exposure to sulfur dioxide causes bronchial asthma and other breathing related diseases as it affects the lungs. The minimum and maximum level of SO2 were recorded in the study area was in the range of 10.3 µg/m3 to 24.8 µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 16.4 µg/m3 to 24.7 µg/m3. The 24 hourly average values of SO2 were compared with the NAAQS – CPCB Standards (2009) and it was found that the recorded values in all sampling stations were within the applicable limits. c) Oxides of Nitrogen Oxides of Nitrogen are also an inorganic gaseous pollutant like sulfur dioxide. Oxides of Nitrogen emissions are expected to be emitted wherever combustion at high temperatures takes place. Nitrous oxide and Nitric Acid Mist are the other important pollutants in the inorganic nitrogen group. The following sources of oxides of nitrogen in the study area are identified:

1. Emissions from domestic burning of coal. 2. Emissions from the automobiles within 10 Km radius from the proposed project

Oxides of nitrogen have far greater significance in photochemical smog reaction than any of the other inorganic gaseous contaminants. NOx in the presence of sunlight will undergo reactions with a number of organic compounds to produce all the effects associated with photochemical smog. NOx has inherent ability to produce deleterious effects by themselves like toxicity. It acts as an asphyxiate when in concentrations great enough to reduce the normal oxygen supply from the air. The minimum and maximum levels of NOx were recorded in the study area ranging from 12.9 µg/m3 to 31.2 µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 21.1 µg/m3 to 30.5 µg/m3. The 24 hourly average values of NOx were compared with the NAAQS – CPCB Standards (2009) and it was found that the recorded values in all the sampling stations were within the applicable limits.



c) Ozone (O3) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) The minimum and maximum levels of Ozone (O3) were recorded in the study area ranging from 8.1 µg/m3 to 26.4 µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 16.3 µg/m3 to 25.7 µg/m3. The minimum and maximum levels of Carbon Monoxide (CO) were recorded in the study area ranging from 0.225 mg/m3 to 0.767 mg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 0.455 mg/m3 to 0.744 mg/m3. The 24 hourly average values of Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO) were compared with the NAAQS – CPCB Standards (2009) and it was found that the recorded values in all the sampling stations were within the applicable limits. 3.6 Water Quality Surface and groundwater samples were collected during study period (Winter Season (2012-13) and analyzed for important physico - chemical parameters in the study area from different sources within 10 km radius from the proposed project. 3.6.1 Water Quality Assessment Selected water quality parameters for water resources of the study area have been used for describing the water environment and assessing the impacts on it. The ground water samples were drawn from the hand pumps and open wells being used by the villagers for their domestic needs. Sampling locations for ground (11 No) and surface water samples (5No.) collected within 10 km radius from the proposed project are shown in Figure 3.5 and the details of the locations are tabulated in Tables 3.6 A&B. The water samples collected and the analytical results of the water samples were compared with BIS - 10500 (2004) drinking water standards for groundwater and surface waters were compared with IS 2296 Class (A-E) are shown in Tables 3.12 &3.13.



Table 3.12 Ground Water Sample Analysis Results

Parameter Unit Project Site (L1) L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 IS 10500

(2004) Colour Hazen units 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 5-25 Odor UOB UOB UOB UOB UOB UOB UOB UOB UOB UOB UOB agreeable pH 7.76 7.80 7.30 7.70 7.49 7.35 7.5 8.05 7.64 7.62 7.52 6.5 to 8.5 Turbidity NTU 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 5-10 TSS mg/L <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 -- Elec. Cond umh/cm 520 823 663 1155 1361 1804 725 798 794 1001 1124 -- Total Dissolved solids mg/L 340 538 435 750 880 1165 472 515 518 655 728 500-2000 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/L 190 217 206 300 232 414 176 255 242 286 346 200-600 Chlorides as Cl mg/L 31 107 58 122 184 243 92 78 82 122 97 250-1000 Sulphates as SO4 mg/L 47 75 65 122 108 148 59 54 64 76 98 200-400 Nitrate as NO3 mg/L 0.143 0.292 0.419 0.192 10.04 13.37 5.47 1.01 3.01 1.72 5.18 45 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/L 173 299 252 301 533 578 273 290 323 404 451 300-600 Calcium as Ca mg/L 46 62 55 71 108 141 65 80 98 81 105 75-200 Magnesium as Mg mg/L 14 35 28 30 64 55 27 22 19 49 46 30-100 Sodium as Na mg/L 46.9 63.9 46.5 135 95.8 125 43.8 56.9 48.5 54.3 68 -- Potassium as K mg/L 6.1 6.6 1.1 12.5 2.5 96.3 11.4 11.6 2.5 14.5 2.6 -- Flouride as F mg/L 0.238 0.316 0.0354 0.202 1.38 1.01 1.62 0.54 0.88 0.39 1.17 1.0-1.5 Iron as Fe mg/L 0.258 0.0172 0.077 0.026 0.023 0.0385 0.0323 0.032 0.027 0.033 0.207 0.3-1.0 Lead as Pb mg/L 0.028 0.009 0.019 0.004 0.011 0.0141 <0.0001 0.0088 0.0071 0.017 0.016 0.01 Mercury as Hg mg/L <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.001 Cadmium as Cd mg/L 0.0004 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.003 Chromium as Cr mg/L <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.05 Copper as Cu mg/L 0.0076 <0.0001 0.0005 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0128 0.0107 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.05-1.5

Cyanide as CN- mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05

Zinc as Zn mg/L 0.95 0.094 0.62 0.199 0.005 1.033 0.0568 0.183 0.0433 0.0257 0.189 5-15 Arsenic as As mg/L 0.002 0.0004 0.0014 0.0013 0.0008 0.0009 0.0022 0.0008 0.0004 0.0005 0.0006 0.01-0.05 Boron as B mg/L 0.031 0.016 <0.0001 0.0075 0.014 0.033 <0.0001 0.0214 <0.0001 0.0085 0.0147 0.3-1.5

*UOB: Un Objectionable



Table 3.13 Surface water Sample Analysis Results

Parameter Unit SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5

Odor UOB UOB UOB UOB UOB Colour Hazen units 0.2 10.5 0.3 0.6 0.5 pH 7.43 7.12 8.92 8.06 7.49 TSS mg/L 12 32 15 23 9 Turbidity NTU 0.3 7.6 0.5 0.8 0.3 Elec. Cond umhos/cm 205 327 158 550 223 Total Dissolved solids mg/L 135 213 105 365 148 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/L 44 85 42 157 56 Chlorides as Cl mg/L 32 49 20 58 23 Sulphates as SO4 mg/L 17 26 14 65 25 Nitrate as NO3 mg/L 0.73 0.67 0.57 0.56 1.11 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/L 41 103 41 182 33 Calcium as Ca mg/L 13 28 13 48 10 Magnesium as Mg mg/L 2 8 2 15 2 Sodium as Na mg/L 24.6 34.8 18 54 26.9 Potassium as K mg/L 12.1 7.4 2.3 5 18.7 Flouride as F mg/L 0.33 0.46 0.38 0.41 0.29 Iron as Fe mg/L 0.0849 0.396 0.016 0.275 0.202 Cyanide as CN mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Lead as Pb mg/L 0.0081 0.0098 0.0034 0.008 0.0025 Mercury as Hg mg/L <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 Chromium as Cr mg/L <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 Arsenic as As mg/L 0.0015 0.0023 0.0018 0.0013 0.0024 Cadmium asCd mg/L 0.0002 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 Zinc as Zn mg/L 0.0012 0.0144 <0.0001 0.0419 0.0361 Copper as Cu mg/L <0.0001 0.0036 <0.0001 0.0026 0.0076 Boron as B mg/L 0.0256 0.0046 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0242 DO mg/L 5.8 5.2 6.4 4.2 5.4 COD mg/L 56 73 34 65.2 57.1 BOD mg/L 21 28 <4 34 29




The pH limit fixed for drinking water samples as per BIS 10500 (2004) Standards is 6.5 to 8.5 beyond this range the water will affect the mucus membrane and or water supply system. During the study period, the pH limit for surface river water as per IS 2296 (Classes from A to E) was 8.5 and the pH values of surface waters was found to be between 7.12– 8.92. The pH was varying for groundwaters 7.36 to 8.05 within 10 km radius from the proposed project. The pH values for all the samples collected in the study area during study period were found to be within the limits.

The requirement (Desirable Limit) of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is 500 mg/L where as the permissible limits in absence of alternate source is 2000 mg/L as per BIS 10500 (2004) standards, beyond this palatability decreases and may cause gastro intestinal irritation. In ground water samples collected from the study area, the Total Dissolved Solids are varying from 340 mg/L to 1165 mg/L and surface water samples, the Total Dissolved Solids limit for surface water as per IS 2296 (Classes from A to E) was 500 to 2100 mg/L and the Total Dissolved Solids for surface waters in between 105 - 365 mg/L. The TDS of all the samples were below the desirable limits. The requirement of Chloride is 250mg/L - 1000 mg/L as per BIS 10500 (2004) Standards, beyond this limit taste, corrosion and palatability are affected. The permit Chloride levels for surface river water as per IS 2296 (Classes from A to E) was 250 - 600 mg/L. The analytical chloride levels in surface waters was in between 105 mg/L to 365 mg/L, the Chloride levels in the ground water samples collected in the study area were ranging from 31 mg/L to 243 mg/L. All are within the desirable limits. The requirement of hardness is 300 mg/L - 600 mg/L as per BIS 10500 (2004) Standards, beyond this limit encrustation in water supply structure and adverse effects on domestic use will be observed. In the ground water samples collected from the study area, the hardness is varying from 173 mg/L to 578 mg/L. The permit hardness levels for surface waters as per IS 2296 (Classes from A to E) was 300 mg/L. The analytical hardness levels in surface waters in between 33 mg/L to 182 mg/L. All are within the desirable limits. Fluoride is the other important parameter, the requirement is 1 mg/L - 1.5 mg/L as per BIS 10500 (2004) Standards, However the optimum content of fluoride in the drinking water is 0.6 to 1.5 mg/L. If the fluoride content is less than 0.6 mg/L it causes dental carries, above 1.5 mg/L it causes staining of tooth enamel, higher concentration in range of 3 - 10 mg/L causes fluorosis. The permit flouride levels for surface river water as per IS 2296 (Classes from A to E) was 1.5 mg/L. The analytical flouride levels in surface waters was in between



0.29 mg/L – 0.46 mg/L, the groundwater samples of study area, fluoride value were in the range of 0.03 mg/L to 1.62 mg/L with in 10 km radius from the proposed project. All are within the desirable limits. Most of the heavy metals in all samples are below detectable limits.

3.7 Noise Environment

Noise can be defined as unwanted sound or sound in the wrong place at the wrong time. It can also be defined as any sound that is undesirable because it interferes with speech and hearing, is intense enough to damage hearing, or is otherwise annoying. The definition of noise as unwanted sound implies that it has an adverse effect on human beings and the environment, including land, structures, and domestic animals. Noise can also disturb natural wildlife and the ecological systems and it was transmitted through gases, liquids, and solids. The weather conditions which could potentially absorb, reflect, or focus the sound such as wind speed, direction, temperature inversions.

The Environment/health impacts of noise can vary from Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness of noise levels and tolerance levels of individuals.

3.7.1 Sources of Noise The main sources of noise in the study area are domestic activities, and vehicular traffic within 10 Km radius from the proposed project. The main occupation of the villagers in the study area is agriculture and business. 3.7.2 Noise Levels in the Study Area The existing noise levels have been monitored at 11 locations within the 10 km radius from the proposed project using a precision sound level meter. At random locations were identified for assessment of existing noise levels as per the standards, keeping in view the land use pattern, residential areas in villages, schools, etc., the day levels of noise have been monitored during 6 AM to 9 PM and the night levels during 10 PM to 5 AM. The noise monitoring stations are shown in Figure 3.5 and represented in Table 3.6 A. The results are presented in Table 3.14.



Table 3.14 Noise Levels in the Study Area in dB (A)

Monitoring Locations

L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11

CPCB STNDS

Hours 1 41.6 41.5 40.0 42.1 41.6 40.5 40.6 40.8 42.2 41.5 41.8

2 42.6 42.3 41.1 42.1 42.3 41.1 41.7 41.1 43 42.3 42.1 3 42.9 43.0 42.4 43.4 43.6 41.5 42.4 41.8 43.6 42.9 42.6 4 43.9 44.3 43.9 44.3 44.5 42.9 42.7 42.6 45.3 44.6 42.9 5 44.8 44.8 45.0 44.6 44.6 44.1 44 43.8 44.6 43.9 43.3 6 44.9 45.1 46.1 44.4 45.8 44.8 44.9 45.1 45.7 45.8 44.5 7 52.6 51.2 47.9 48.4 57.5 48.6 51.5 49.6 50.7 52.3 51.9 8 53.9 56.1 50.0 53.4 59.2 54.9 53.9 53.9 52.7 55.6 53.6 9 55.7 54.6 54.0 55.4 57.2 55.6 54.1 55.8 53.2 55.8 56.1

10 56.3 55.3 55.0 54.6 58.2 53.9 56.7 56.4 57.1 56.4 54.3 11 54.9 55.1 54.6 55.0 57.2 52.6 56.1 54.9 57.6 57.8 52.5

12 53.9 54.1 55.4 55.4 58.5 54.6 55.9 54.6 56.4 56.3 53.1 13 56.1 52.1 55.6 53.4 56.1 55.9 53.7 54.8 56.3 55.3 54.3 14 51.7 56.3 55.6 52.9 55.3 56.6 53.5 53.4 54.9 54.2 54.8 15 50.9 55.2 53.9 52.7 56.5 55.6 54.5 51.9 55.3 54.6 52.9 16 56.1 54.4 53.0 54.0 55.4 55.8 53.9 52.6 55.4 54.3 54.3 17 50.1 52.1 52.1 54.2 54.2 52.8 48.8 52.6 54.2 53.3 53.3 18 49.8 52.6 50.6 51.9 57.2 50.7 46.8 50.7 53.6 51.3 51.8 19 49.1 48.4 49.0 50.9 56.5 50.1 43.7 50.7 49.7 48.6 51.3 20 46.8 46.1 46.6 47.5 55.7 48.7 42.7 48.6 47.7 47.2 52.3 21 47.7 43.3 44.5 45.3 54.2 47.9 41.7 56.4 46.9 46.2 48.1 22 43.6 42.1 43.0 43.0 45.6 43.7 40.8 43.5 44.2 43.3 43.9 23 42.1 41.0 42.5 42.6 44.8 42.3 40.5 41.5 43.2 42.5 42.5 24 41.5 40.6 41.0 40.8 42.8 40.8 40.4 40.9 41.3 41.3 42.2

Min 41.5 40.6 40.0 40.8 41.6 40.5 40.4 40.8 41.3 41.3 41.8 Max 56.3 56.3 55.6 55.4 59.2 56.6 56.7 56.4 57.6 57.8 56.1

Lday 53.1 53.3 52.7 52.8 56.5 53.6 52.9 53.5 54.2 54.1 53.1 55

dB(A)

Lnight 42.1 41.7 41.5 42.1 43.2 41.4 40.8 41.3 42.8 42.2 42.0 45

dB(A) Ldn 52.8 52.8 52.3 52.6 55.7 52.9 52.3 52.9 53.8 53.5 52.7




The values of noise observed in some of the rural areas are primarily due to vehicular traffic and anthropogenic activities. In rural areas wind blowing and chirping of birds would contribute to noise levels especially during the nights. Assessment of day and night noise levels were ranging between 52.3 to 55.7 dB(A) within the 10 km radius from the proposed project during the study period. The day equivalents during the study period were ranging between 52.7 to 56.5 dB (A) and the night equivalents were in the range of 40.8 to 43.2 dB (A) within the 10 km radius from the proposed project. From the results it was concluded that the day equivalents were high due to vehicular movement and other anthropogenic sources and the night equivalents were within the limits of Ambient Noise Standards of residential areas.

3.8 Soil Quality

The present study on soil quality establishes the existing characteristics within 10 km radius from the proposed project. The study has been addressed with the following objectives.

To determine the existing soil characteristics. To determine the impact of the industrial activities on soil characteristics To determine the impacts on soils for an agricultural productivity point of view.

To study the type and characteristics of the soil, 11 sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions representing various land use conditions and geological features. The homogenized soil samples has been collected at identified locations and packed in a polyethylene plastic cover and sealed. The sealed samples were send to the laboratory for analysis and depicted the results.

The soil sampling details including locations are given in Table 3.6 A & showed pictorially in Figure 3.5. The soil analysis results are tabulated in Table 3.15.



Table 3.15 Soil Analysis Results

Parameter Unit

Sampling Locations

L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11

Color -- Red Red Brown Block Red Red Red Red Red Red Red

Texture

Powder

&Lumps

Powder

&Lumps

Powder

&Lumps

Powder

&Lumps

Powder

&Lumps

Powder

&Lumps

Powder

&Lumps

Powder

&Lumps

Powder

&Lumps

Powder

&Lumps

Powder

&Lumps

pH ( 10% Solution) -- 6.9 7.47 7.34 6.91 7.42 8.19 8.79 7.79 7.68 8.82 7.59 EC ( 10 % Solution) µm/cm 135 128 42 49 74 61 212 57 49 188 75 Organic Mater % 0.65 0.69 0.71 0.68 0.73 0.68 0.65 0.58 0.48 0.69 0.75 Sodium as Na mg/Kg 217 256 279 326 299 255 277 285 292 326 303 Potassium as K Kg/Ha 121 264 157 300 278 211 332 285 58 150 62 Calcium as Ca mg/Kg 1457 2590 2833 4776 2671 1943 1457 2833 2509 2995 3157 Magnisium as Mg mg/Kg 343 539 490 441 687 589 490 736 441 589 785 TOC % 1.36 1.28 1.37 1.66 1.28 1.95 1.88 1.32 1.16 1.05 1.18 Total Nitrogen as N Kg/Ha 470 605 459 600 526 656 641 509 668 542 574 Phosphates as P Kg/Ha 78 140 158 51 73 54 74 158 47 141 138 Lead as Pb mg/Kg 2.42 2.71 1.91 5.18 2.44 2.86 1.77 2.86 2.96 3.24 6.71 Cadmium as Cd mg/Kg ND ND ND 0.048 0.28 ND 0.42 ND ND ND 0.086

Chromium as Cr mg/Kg 2.76 2.01 3.86 5.73 1.91 0.86 0.54 0.61 2.002 4.106 2.418 Nickel as Ni mg/Kg ND 0.26 ND ND ND 0.416 0.828 0.171 0.241 ND 0.118 Zinc as Zn mg/Kg 5.81 7.11 76.1 15.1 82.14 15.16 71.86 80.12 77.88 5.443 88.14

CEC Meq/10

0gr 80.3 84.5 106 81.5 108 89.3 103 99.8 96.4 94.5 84.8 SAR 7.23 6.47 6.84 6.38 7.3 7.17 8.88 6.75 7.6 7.7 6.8




The analytical results of the soil samples collected during the study period are summarized below. The pH of the soil is an important property; plants cannot grow in low and high pH value soils. The normal range of the soils in 6.0 to 8.5 is called as normal to saline soils. Most of the essential nutrients like N, P, K, Cl and SO4 are available for plant at the neutral pH except for Fe, Mn and Al which are available at low pH range. The soils having pH below 7 are considered to be acidic from the practical standpoint, those with pH less than 5.5 and which respond to liming may be considered to qualify to be designated as acid soils. On the basis of pH measurements, the degree of soil acidity may be indicated. The pH values in the study area are varying from 6.90 – 8.82 indicating that the soils are falling in normal to saline class. Based on the electrical conductivity, the soils are classified into 4 groups (Normal, Critical for germination, Critical for growth of the sensitive crops, Injurious to most crops). The electrical conductivity in the study area is varying from 42 to 212 µ mhos/cm indicating that soils falling under Normal category. The other important parameters for characterization of soil for irrigation are N,P,K. Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium are known as primary nutrients, Calcium, Magnesium and sulphur as secondary nutrients. The primary and secondary nutrient elements are known as major elements. This classification is based on their relative abundance, and not on their relative importance.

Nitrogen encourages the vegetative development of plants by imparting a healthy green color to the leaves. It also controls, to some extent, the efficient utilization of phosphorus and potassium. Its deficiency retards growth and root development, turns the foliage yellowish or pale green, hastens maturity, causes the shriveling of grains and lowers crop yield. The older leaves are affected first. An excess of nitrogen produces leathery (and sometimes crinkled), dark green leaves and succulent growth. It also delays the maturation of plants, impairs the quality of crops like barley, potato, tobacco, sugarcane and fruits increases susceptibility to diseases and causes ”lodging” of cereal crops by inducing an undue lengthening of the stem internodes. The available Nitrogen as N in the study area is varying from 459 to 668 kg/ha indicating that soils falling from medium to high range category.

Phosphorus influences the vigor of plants and improves the quality of crops. It encourages the formation of new cells, promotes root growth (particularly the development of fibrous



roots), and hastens leaf development, the emergence of ears, the formation of grains, and the maturation of crops. It also increases resistance to disease and strengthens the stems of cereal plants, thus reducing their tendency to lodge. It offsets the harmful effects of excess nitrogen in the plant. When applied to leguminous crops it hastens and encourages the development of nitrogen fixing nodule bacteria. If phosphorus is deficient in the soil, plants fail to make a quick start, do not develop a satisfactory root-system, remain stunted and sometimes develop a tendency to show a reddish or purplish discolouration of the stem and foliage owing to an abnormal increase in the sugar content and the formation of anthocyanin. However the deficiency of this element is not so easily recognized as that of nitrogen. It has also been observed that cattle feeding on the produce of phosphorus deficient soils become dwarfed, develop stiff joints and lose the velvety feel of the skin. Such animals show an abnormal craving for eating bones and even soil itself. In the study area available Phosphorus is varying from 51 to 158 kg/ha which indicates that all samples are falling in high range.

Potassium enhances the ability of the plants to resist diseases, insect attacks, and cold and other adverse conditions. It plays an essential part in the formation of starch and in the production and translocation of sugars, and is thus of special value to carbohydrates rich crops, e.g. sugarcane, potato and sugar beet. The increased production of starch and sugar in legumes fertilized with potash benefits the symbiotic bacteria and thus enhances the fixation of nitrogen. It also improves the quality of tobacco, citrus, etc. With an adequate supply of potash, cereals produce plump grains and strong straw. But an excess of the element tends to delay maturity, though not to the same extent as nitrogen. Plants can take up and store potassium in much larger quantities than what is needed for optimum growth and this excess uptake is known as luxury consumption. With the maturity or death of plants, potassium is washed out from the plant body readily. Vegetables and legumes are particularly heavy consumers of potassium. The deficiency of potassium produces the characteristic ringing of alfalfa leaves with rows of small white spots, reddish brown decolouration of cotton leaves, the drying, scorching and curbing of leaf margins of potato, and intravenal chlorosis and flaring along the edges of maize leaves. The older leaves are affected first. The available potassium in the study area is varying between 62 to 332 kg/ha in the study area, which indicates that all samples are falling from low to high category.



3.9 LAND USE AND LAND COVER STUDIES

Studies on land use aspects play an important role in identifying sensitive issues and to take appropriate action to maintain ecological balance in the study area. The pattern of land utilization and its statistics are given in Table 3.16 and shown graphically in Figure 3.6.

Table 3.16

Land Utilization Pattern of study area (10 Km Buffer)

Description Area-Ha Color Representation

Build up 1610.2727 Agricultural 27155.751 Current fallow 10621.468 Plantation 0.277729 Dense forest 0 Open forest 3797.6663 Scrub forest 7645.6016 River 55.40 Wasteland/others 494.04 Scrubland 130.2549 Water bodies 2548.9968 Total area 54059.73

Figure 3.6. Land Use Pattern Statistics

2%

25%

10%

0%0%4%

7%

0%0%0%2%

50%

BUILD UP AGRICULTURAL CURRENT FALLOW PLANTATION

DENSE FOREST OPEN FOREST SCRUB FOREST RIVER

WASTELAND/OTHERS SCRUBLAND WATERBODIES TOTAL ARA



3.9.1 LAND USE AND LAND COVER PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA The land use pattern of the study area prepared ranging 10 km buffer around the project from Satellite Image by using IRS-P6-LISS-III shown in Figure – 3.7.

Figure 3.7. Land Use and Land Cover Pattern of the study area

3.10 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The assessment of biological environment was carried out as per the MoEF guidelines. The main objective of the study area was to assess the existing baseline ecological conditions in the study area & correlated with the available data from the Dept. of Forests and develop the mitigation measures for the possible impacts from the proposed IA of Stage II & III to the existing ecology. Primary data generation through systematic studies. Prepared checklists for flora and fauna observed during field visit in and around the proposed IA of Stage II & III. Determined the bird population by taking random readings at every location.



Observed mammals, amphibians and reptiles through their calls, droppings, burrows, pugmarks and other signs. 3.10.1 AIM OF STUDIES The present study was undertaken with the following objectives: To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the proposed

Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & III; To assess the distribution of animal life spectra; To understand the productivity of the water bodies; To assess the biodiversity and to understand the resource potential; To ascertain migratory routes of fauna if any; and Possibility of presence of breeding grounds, if any 3.11 FIELD OBSERVATIONS Field observations and assessment of biological environment in the study area was carried out in the month of February 2013. The compilation of the data for flora and fauna is appended.

Preparing a checklist of plants observed at the site. Determining the bird population by taking random readings at every location. Observing mammals, amphibians and reptiles through their calls, droppings,

burrows, pugmarks and other signs.

The compilation of the data for flora and fauna is appended.

Flora fauna studies at project site



3.11.1 FLORA The floral species observed by the Functional Area Expert during field survey are as follows: S. No. Botanical Name Common Name Local Name

1 Tamarindus indicus Tamarind Husane 2 Aegle marmelos Bael Bilvapatre 3 Mangifera indica Mango Mavu 4 Cocos nucifera Coconut Narikela 5 Ficus religiosa Peepal Arali 6 Azadirachta indica Neem Bevu 7 Borassus flabellifer Toddy palm Tale 8 Prosopis juliflora Prosopis Bellari jali 9 Bambusa stricta Bamboo Biduru

10 Ipomea spp Morning glory Kanti 11 Calotropis gigantea Giant milkweed Ekkamale 12 Syzygium cumini Jamun Nerula 13 Lantana camara Lantana Puchuli 14 Cassia occidentalis Senna Kolthogache 15 Albizia lebbeck Siris Bage 16 Emblica officinalis Gooseberry Nelli 17 Tectona grandis Teak Jadi 18 Callistemon viminalis Bottlebrush tree -- 19 Butea monosperma Flame of forest Muthuga

3.11.2 FAUNA The fauna species observed by the Functional Area Expert during field survey are as follows: a) Mammals

S.No. Zoological Name Common Name 1 Funambulus palmarum Squirrel 2 Rattus norvegicus Field mouse 3 Rattus rattus House rat 4 Herpestes edwardii Common mongoose 6 Bandicota bengalensis Bandicoot

b) Amphibians and Reptiles Amphibians are mainly in marshy places. Reptilian fauna is restricted to rocky areas and dense shrubs.



S.No. Zoological Name Common Name

Amphibians 1 Rana tigrina Common Frog 2 Bufo melanosticus Toad

Reptiles 3 Calotes versicolor Common garden Lizard 4 Chamaleon spp. Indian Chameleon 5 Ptyas mucosus Indian Rat Snake

c) Birds S.No. Scientific Name English Name/Local name Distribution

1 Corvus splendens House crow Common 2 Artamus fuscus Ashy Wood Swallow Rare 3 Hirundo rustica Common Swallow Common 4 Acridotheres tristicus Common Myna Common 5 Anthus similis Brown Rock Pipit Common 6 Milvus migrans Black kite Common 7 Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite Rare 8 Passer domesticus House Sparrow Rare 9 Saxicoloides fulicatus Indian Robin Common

10 Prinia socialis Ashy Prinia Common 11 Motacilla maderaspatensis Large Pied Wagtail Rare 12 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Common 13 Mesophoyx intermedia Median Egret Common 14 Psittacula Krammeri Rose ringed parakeet Common 15 Merops orinetalis Common Bee Eater Common 16 Malacocercus terricolor Babbler Common 17 Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper Rare 18 Ardeola grayii Pond Heron Common 19 Halcyon smyrnensis White breasted Kingfisher Common 20 Nectarinia zeylonica Purple-rumped Sunbird Common 21 Dicrurus macrocerus Black Drongo Rare 22 Lobpluvia malabaraica Yellow wattled Lapwing Rare 23 Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal Common 24 Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt Rare 25 Podiceps ruficollis Little Grebe Rare 26 Charadrius dubius Little Ringed Plover Rare 27 Phalacrocorax niger Little Cormorant Rare 28 Upupa epops Hoopoe Rare 29 Anas clypeata Northern Shoveller Rare 30 Threskiornis melanocephalus Oriental White Ibis Rare 31 Anas poecilorhyncha Spot-billed Duck Rare



32 Ibis leucocephala Painted Stork Rare 33 Ammomanes phoenicura Rufous-tailed Lark Common 34 Sturnia pagodarum Brahminy Starling Common

d) Butterflies Butterflies were observed and identified during the study period around agricultural fields and canal. S.No. Family Common name Scientific name

1 Papillionidae Crimson rose Pachliopta hector Lin. 2 Pieridae Mottled emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe 3 Nymphallidae Lemon Pansy Junonia lemonias 4 Small orange Tip Colotis etrida

e) Other Insects & Bugs S. No. Name of the Species

1 Dytiscus spp. 2 Nepa spp.

f) Wildlife Sanctuaries/National Parks/Reserve Forest areas As per the literature survey and working plan of Dept. of Environment, no Wildlife Sanctuaries or National parks exist in 10 km radius of the proposed industrial area. Few reserve forests such as Madhugiri RF 7.5 Km (NE), Badavanahalli RF 7.0 Km (N), Kavaragal RF 9.0 Km (E), Kolikal RF 7.0 Km (NE) , Reserve Forest 5.5 Km (S), Reserve Forest 8.0 Km (SE) exist in 10 km radius of the proposed industrial area. g) Endangered animals Based on the survey conducted, the study area does not have any living species which are endangered or threatened as per the IUCN Red list. 3.12 TRAFFIC STUDY Anthropogenic emissions not only contribute to the green house effect but also participate in the reaction that results in photochemical oxidants. The effect of photochemical oxidants is well known for forming smog particularly in the urban areas. Among the anthropogenic sources of pollutants forming the green house gases, burning of fossil fuels constitute a major source. Highway mobile sources that contribute significantly



to poor quality have been regulated for the past two decades in countries like India. The absence of regulation in developing countries has caused a global concern regarding potential environmental damage on a larger scale. In countries like India automobiles especially two-wheelers are a very popular mode of personal transport for socio-economic reasons. They constitute to about 70-95% of the total passenger’s vehicles. About the same percentage of two-wheeler vehicles are powered by two-stroke engines because of low initial and maintenance costs. However these two stroke engines have high emission levels which are of the major concern. Moreover, these emissions are concentrated in urban area, further contributing to already polluted “heat islands”. Poor public transportation and high transportation fares, increasing cost of living and greater demand for mobility may be attributed to a surge in the number of personal vehicles during the last decade. The objective of traffic study and emission quantification is to assess the magnitude of the emissions resulting from two-wheelers, three wheelers, and four wheelers that are extensively used as a means of common transport within the urban areas. A detailed traffic survey was conducted in the study area and also to evaluate the impacts of the increased traffic due to the proposed activity.

Vehicular emissions are the major source of air quality impacts in the study area. The principal cause of air pollution during the construction phase is the diesel-powered vehicles used in haulage of aggregates, earth and other construction material. Air quality could be affected by dust & particulate matter arising due to site clearing, vehicular emissions etc. Gaseous emissions like Sulphur dioxide, Nitrous oxide, CO might be released from the vehicular movement, which has a direct impact on the environment.

Increase in the traffic in the study area has a direct impact on the resources as a heavy release of automobile exhaust is envisaged which has a direct impact on the air quality and the ambient noise levels in the study area.

The methodology adopted for carrying out the traffic study was to select the major roads around the project site and count the various categories of vehicles moving on these roads given in Table 3.17.



Table 3.17 Details of Traffic Monitoring Locations

S.No Code Location W.R.T the Site Epicenter

Direction Distance in Km 1 TF1 NH-4 W Adjascent 2 TF2 Proposed site Near

Kempanadodderi Junction Connecting to bypass road

S 4

3.12.1 TRAFFIC STUDIES - CONCLUSION The methodology adopted for carrying out the traffic study was to select the major roads around the project site and count the various categories of vehicles moving on these roads. The traffic survey was carried out on the approach road to the project from the national highway NH4. The details of the vehicles movement recorded. From the study it is observed that there is no major impact on traffic due to the proposed project are tabulated in Tables 18 to 23.



Table 3.18 Traffic Study (NH-4)

Time in hrs Two

Wheelers Motor cycle

Passenger Car

Auto Rickshaw

Truck/Buses Total

10:00-11:00 158 196 136 130 620 11:00-12:00 168 150 152 148 618 12:00-13:00 110 80 138 110 438 13:00-14:00 190 94 168 86 538 14:00-15:00 178 148 114 124 564 15:00-16:00 158 70 100 62 390 16:00-17:00 192 156 108 92 548 17:00-18:00 178 156 138 110 582 18:00-19:00 150 88 102 72 412 19:00-20:00 138 66 82 56 342 20:00-21:00 114 62 56 70 302 21:00-22:00 80 40 28 82 230 22:00-23:00 40 10 6 16 72 23:00-00:00 4 6 2 10 22 00:00-01:00 6 0 0 8 14 01:00-02:00 0 10 8 0 18 02:00-03:00 2 0 4 4 10 03:00-04:00 2 0 2 8 12 04:00-05:00 0 0 0 8 8 05:00-06:00 4 2 4 16 26 06:00-07:00 26 10 20 12 68 07:00-08:00 36 40 38 54 168 08:00-09:00 196 54 128 150 528 09:00-10:00 178 160 102 148 588 Sub Total 2308 1598 1636 1576 7118



Table 3.19 PCU count Traffic Survey report Near Kempannadodderi Junction (NH-4)

Time in hrs

Two Wheelers Motor cycle or scooter @0.75 PCU

Passenger Car @1.0 PCU

Auto Rickshaw @2.0 PCU

Truck/Buses @ 3.7 PCU

PCU’s / Hr

10:00-11:00 118.5 196 272 481 1067.5 11:00-12:00 126 150 304 547.6 1127.6 12:00-13:00 82.5 80 276 407 845.5 13:00-14:00 142.5 94 336 318.2 890.7 14:00-15:00 133.5 148 228 458.8 968.3 15:00-16:00 118.5 70 200 229.4 617.9 16:00-17:00 144 156 216 340.4 856.4 17:00-18:00 133.5 156 276 407 972.5 18:00-19:00 112.5 88 204 266.4 670.9 19:00-20:00 103.5 66 164 207.2 540.7 20:00-21:00 85.5 62 112 259 518.5 21:00-22:00 60 40 56 303.4 459.4 22:00-23:00 30 10 12 59.2 111.2 23:00-00:00 3 6 4 37 50 00:00-01:00 4.5 0 0 29.6 34.1 01:00-02:00 0 10 16 0 26 02:00-03:00 1.5 0 8 14.8 24.3 03:00-04:00 1.5 0 4 29.6 35.1 04:00-05:00 0 0 0 29.6 29.6 05:00-06:00 3 2 8 59.2 72.2 06:00-07:00 19.5 10 40 44.4 113.9 07:00-08:00 27 40 76 199.8 342.8 08:00-09:00 147 54 256 555 1012 09:00-10:00 133.5 160 204 547.6 1045.1 Sub Total: 1731 1598 3272 5831.2 12432.2

Worst case Baseline PCU /hr 1127.60 Total width of the Road in meters 14

Carrying capacity of the road (the road is 4 lane 2 way road) As per IRC:106-1990 (PCU’s per hour)

3600



Table 3.20 Traffic Study at Proposed Site

Time in hrs Two Wheelers Motor cycle

Passenger Car Auto Rickshaw

Truck/Buses Total

10:00-11:00 17 8 18 8 51 11:00-12:00 19 12 20 2 53 12:00-13:00 28 12 22 17 79 13:00-14:00 29 14 20 12 75 14:00-15:00 27 16 15 22 80 15:00-16:00 28 12 16 11 67 16:00-17:00 34 14 12 14 74 17:00-18:00 13 20 16 10 59 18:00-19:00 4 2 3 2 11 19:00-20:00 3 2 2 1 8 20:00-21:00 3 2 1 2 8 21:00-22:00 2 1 1 2 6 22:00-23:00 1 0 0 0 1 23:00-00:00 0 0 0 0 0 00:00-01:00 0 0 0 0 0 01:00-02:00 0 0 0 0 0 02:00-03:00 0 0 0 0 0 03:00-04:00 0 0 0 0 0 04:00-05:00 0 0 0 0 0 05:00-06:00 2 0 0 0 2 06:00-07:00 5 7 14 8 34 07:00-08:00 9 25 20 9 63 08:00-09:00 40 11 15 15 81 09:00-10:00 18 16 10 8 52 Sub Total 282 174 205 143 804



Table 3.21

PCU count Traffic Survey report at Proposed Site

Time in hrs

Two Wheelers Motor cycle or scooter @0.75 PCU

Passenger Car @1.0 PCU

Auto Rickshaw @2.0 PCU

Truck/Buses @ 3.7 PCU

PCU’s / Hr

10:00-11:00 12.75 8 36 29.6 86.35 11:00-12:00 14.25 12 40 7.4 73.65 12:00-13:00 21 12 44 62.9 139.9 13:00-14:00 21.75 14 40 44.4 120.15 14:00-15:00 20.25 16 30 81.4 147.65 15:00-16:00 21 12 32 40.7 105.7 16:00-17:00 25.5 14 24 51.8 115.3 17:00-18:00 9.75 20 32 37 98.75 18:00-19:00 3 2 6 7.4 18.4 19:00-20:00 2.25 2 4 3.7 11.95 20:00-21:00 2.25 2 2 7.4 13.65 21:00-22:00 1.5 1 2 7.4 11.9 22:00-23:00 0.75 0 0 0 0.75 23:00-00:00 0 0 0 0 0 00:00-01:00 0 0 0 0 0 01:00-02:00 0 0 0 0 0 02:00-03:00 0 0 0 0 0 03:00-04:00 0 0 0 0 0 04:00-05:00 0 0 0 0 0 05:00-06:00 1.5 0 0 0 1.5 06:00-07:00 3.75 7 28 29.6 68.35 07:00-08:00 6.75 25 40 33.3 105.05 08:00-09:00 30 11 30 55.5 126.5 09:00-10:00 13.5 16 20 29.6 79.1 Sub Total: 211.5 174 410 529.1 1324.6

Worst case Baseline PCU /hr 147.65 Total width of the Road in meters 7

Carrying capacity of the road (the road is 2 lane 2 way road) As per IRC:106-1990 (PCU’s per hour)

1500



Table 3.22

Existing Traffic Scenario & Level of Service

Name of the Road V C Existing

V/C Ratio

LOS V C Predicted V/C Ratio LOS

National Highway – 4 1127.6 3600 0.31 B 1127.6+ 80 = 1207.6 3600 0.33 B

Proposed Site 147.65 1500 0.09 A 147.65 +80 = 226.3 1500 0.15 A

Table 3.23 LOS category chart

V/C LOS Performance

0.0-0.2 A Excellent 0.2-0.4 B Very Good 0.4-0.6 C Good 0.6-0.8 D Fair/Average 0.8-1.0 E Poor

1.0 and above F Very Poor Note: - V = Volume in PCU’s/hr; C = Capacity in PCU’s/hr& LOS = Level of Service

3.13 DEMOGRAPHIC STATUS IN THE STUDY AREA

The establishment of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III is a developmental activity which is having positive impacts on the socio-economic conditions of the population in the region and thereby on the quality of life.

The environmental issues are interdisciplinary, interactive, biological and probabilistic this conflict between development and conservation is difficult to reconcile. Environmental baseline, ecological reconnaissance and environmental impact studies provide data bases and quantitative assessment of environmental factors related to the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III.

The construction activities will normally benefit the local populace in a number of ways, which include the requirement of construction laborers - skilled, semi-skilled and un-skilled, and provision of goods and services for daily needs including transport. Some of the recommendations will implement for the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III are given below;

1. Eligible local people shall be given preference for employment,



2. All the applicable guidelines under the relevant Acts and Rules related to labor welfare and safety shall be implemented during the construction work,

3. The construction site shall be secured with safety fencing till construction is completed and shall have guarded entry points.

Most of the population in the study area belongs to the category of Main workers, which includes Cultivators, Agriculture Labourers, workers those engaged in Household industries, Construction activities, Forestry and other allied activities. Main sources of water supply are wells and hand pumps. Communication facilities in the nearby villages are quite good. Police stations exist in Mandals. The information on the above parameters was collected from the villages in the study area by means of personal interaction with the villagers and serpent of the village. The information was also collected and cross checked with census 2011 and enclosed as Annexure 5.



CHAPTER

Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures

4.1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter the environmental impacts associated with the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III are identified, characterized, and evaluated systematically. The extent of impact on air, water, soil, flora, and fauna will be evaluated in relation to the environmental pollution. The impacts will be distinctly direct and indirect, positive and negative, reversible and irreversible. The prediction of impacts on various environmental parameters during pre-operational, operational, and post-operational activities assists in effective identification of mitigation measures to minimize the adverse impacts on environmental quality. The prediction of impacts on different sectors has been studied using scientific tools and the results are anticipated. Such predictions are superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of environmental quality to develop the ultimate (post-project) scenario of the environmental conditions. The successful environmental impact assessment process requires proper identification, prediction, assessment, and also communication of the significant environmental impacts to the public. The details on impact of the project activity on each of the disciplines mentioned above are discussed below. The environmental impacts associated due to the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III are classified into two phases and the possible impacts are assessed. 1. Impacts during constructional phase 2. Impacts during operational phase

4



4.2 IMPACT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE Activities during constructional phase include site clearance, site formation, building works, infrastructure provision, and any other infrastructure activities. 4.2.1 Impact on Air Quality Up gradation of existing roads and construction of new roads approaching the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III involves cutting and filling of the earth. Within the proposed IA of Stage II & III, cutting and leveling activity would be required for providing roads, sewage network, storm water system, administrative buildings for proposed project. The potential source of air quality impact arising from the establishment/construction of the proposed project is fugitive dust generation. The dust, measurable as Particulate Matter (PM<2.5µ, PM 10µ), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) oxides of nitrogen (NOx), would be generated as a result of construction activities. During construction, the existing houses nearby may be subjected to the potential dust impacts. The potential dust sources associated with the constructional activities are loading and unloading of the materials, top soil removal, vehicular movement over unpaved roads, and wind erosion, etc. The possible constructional activities that contribute to the environmental impacts broadly given below: Dust Generation during levelling of earth Dust generation due to the movement of vehicles on unpaved roads Emission of pollutants from vehicular exhaust Unloading of raw materials and removal of unwanted waste material Accumulation of excavated earth material 4.2.1.1 Proposed Mitigation Measures The impact of the above mentioned activities would be temporary and will be restricted to the constructional phase. However, the impact is generally confined to the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III and is expected to be negligible outside the boundary. Nevertheless, the following mitigative measures will be adopted to limit the



environmental impact during constructional phase for development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III: Regular water sprinkling will be done to avoid the dust materials entering into the

atmosphere. Furthermore, during windy days, the frequency of the water sprinkling will be increased.

The vehicular movement will be minimized, with a planned scheduling, to reduce the emission of pollutants.

Temporary thin sheets of sufficient height (3m) will be erected around the proposed site for development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III as a barrier for dust control.

The excavated material shall be reused within the boundary from the Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III and the movement of cut and fill material will be limited.

Plantation of trees around the proposed boundary of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III and it will be initiated at the early stages by plantation of 2 to 3 years old saplings using drip irrigation so that the area will be moist for most part of the day.

All the vehicles carrying raw materials will be covered with tarpaulin/plastic sheet; unloading and loading activity will be stopped during windy period.

4.2.2 Impact on Water Quality The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III project involves various construction activities and the impact on water quality associated with each of these construction activities are described below: Site formation The preparation of land required for the subsequent development activities generates a significant amount of construction waste. The site formation may produce large quantities of run-off with high suspended solids in the absence of appropriate mitigation measures. This potential problem will be intensified during rainy season. Construction of buildings During rainy season, due to the construction of various civil structures, the site runoff results in significant pollution in the receiving water bodies. And washing of various construction equipments will also result in water pollution.



Site workshop The storage of used engine oil and lubricants as waste materials has a potential to create impacts if spillage occurs. Waste oil may infiltrate into the surface soil layers or in the form of runoff into local watercourses which increases the hydrocarbon levels. Presence of workers Wastewater will be generated from eating areas and the sewage will be generated from temporary sanitary facilities. Significant impact on water quality is envisaged if the sewage is discharged directly into the receiving waters without any prior treatment. 4.2.2.1 Mitigation Measures During site development necessary precautions will be taken, so that the runoff water from the site gets collected in a working pit. If any over flow occurs, the excess water will be diverted to nearby greenbelt/plantation area. The domestic wastewater, generated from cleaning of equipment and from eating areas, will be collected and diverted to the working pit in which the suspended solids, if any, will be separated. The settled water will be reused for constructional purposes and for sprinkling on roads to control the dust emissions. The domestic wastewater generated from temporary toilets used by the work force will be diverted to septic tank followed by soak pit. If the wastewater generation is high a mobile STP will be hired from the local suppliers. Therefore, impact on water quality due to proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III would be insignificant. The waste generated from the site work shop will be segregated like used oil, lubricants, etc and disposed to authorized recyclers. The waste like soiled cotton, paper, etc will be disposed to municipal bins. 4.2.3 Impact on Noise Levels The major activities, which produce periodic noise, during construction phase, are as follows: Foundation works



Fabrication of structures Plant erection Operation of construction equipment Movement of vehicles

4.2.3.1 Mitigation Measures The impact on noise environment can be made insignificant by adopting the following mitigative measures: Noise generating equipment will be used during day time for a brief period as per

requirements. Where ever possible the noise generating equipment will be kept away from the human

habituation. Temporary thin sheets of sufficient height (3m) will be erected around the proposed site for

the development of Gowribidanur IA of phase I & II as barrier for minimizing the noise travel to surrounding area.

All the vehicles entering into the proposed site for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of stage II & stage III will be informed to maintain speed limits, and not to blow horns unless it is required.

The workers involved in operating major noise generating equipments will be provided with ear plugs/ear muffs.

4.2.4 Impacts due to Solid Waste Generation During the constructional stage, the solid waste generated is required to be disposed in an appropriate and environmentally acceptable manner. The waste generated from different activities of constructional phase include following: Vegetation and demolition waste from site clearance Excavated materials from earthworks like cuttings, grading, & foundation works General construction waste like wood, scrap metal, & concrete debris Domestic waste generated by site workers



4.2.4.1 Mitigation Measures The solid waste generated during the constructional phase does not create any chemical or biochemical pollution. Hence, maximum effort would be made to reuse and recycle the generated solid waste. Most of the solid waste material can be used for filling/leveling of low-lying areas. Majority of the waste materials produced are durable and have a high potential for reuse. All attempts should be made to stick to the following measures.

1. The complete constructional waste shall be stored within the proposed IA site itself. A proper screen will be provided so that the waste does not get scattered.

2. Attempts will be made to keep the waste segregated into different heaps as far as possible so that further gradation and reuse is facilitated.

3. Materials, which will be reused for purpose of construction, levelling, making roads/pavement will also be kept in separate heaps from those which are to be sold or land filled.

4. The local body or a private company may be arranged to provide appropriate number of skip containers/trolleys on hire.

4.2.5 Impact on Land Use There will not be any adverse impact on the land use as the allotted land falls under industrial area approved by Govt. of Karnataka State. Furthermore, the impact on surrounding land use, during the constructional activity, is negligible as all the raw materials required will be stored in the designated area within the boundary of the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. 4.2.6 Demography and Socio-economics The impact due to the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. on demography and socio economic conditions of the study area would be as follows. Increase of floating population Additional strain on civic amenities like road, transport, communication, drinking water,

sanitation, and other facilities to meet the work force requirement Increase in demand for services like hotels, lodges, public transport, etc



Employment opportunities for construction labourers, skilled and unskilled workers, etc Economic upliftment of the area Raising of home rents and land prices and increase in labour rates Rapid growth of service sector will result in increase of incomes in the area More work to civil construction and transportation companies Expanding of services like retail shops, banks, automobile workshop, schools, hospitals, etc Increase in literacy rates

4.3 IMPACTS DURING OPERATION The major areas identified to assess the environmental impact due to the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III are given below: Topography & Climate Ambient Air Quality Water Quality Soil Quality Noise Quality Solid Waste Generation Ecology Demography and Socio-economics Impact on Health 4.3.1 Impact on Topography and Climate

The major topographical changes envisaged would be the manmade structures like erection of plant sheds, raw material storage space, civil structures, water reservoirs, etc. However, it will also invite some positive benefits in the form of up gradation of existing roads, land leveling, tree plantations, greenbelt development, etc., in the proposed IA vicinity. Being an Industrial area, the impact on the climate due to the exhaust gas could be envisaged. However, the impact on the climatic conditions from the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. will be marginal which can be nullified / reduced by developing green belt and by adopting pollution prevention equipments like bag filters.



4.3.2 Impact on Air Quality

The main raw materials required for the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & III are water and power. Particulate Matter is the major air pollutant generated from the proposed development of IA of Stage II & Stage III. However, PM, SO2 and NOX emissions are anticipated during the usage of DG sets. 4.3.2.1 Emission Details

Emissions generated during process activities will be properly managed by the member industries. However, the PM, SO2 and NOX emissions are generated from proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III as common DG set are properly dispersed into the atmosphere by providing the stack at sufficient height. . 4.3.2.2 Simulation Model for Prediction – (AERMOD)

AERMOD(American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model Improvement Committee’s Dispersion Model, version 7.0.3 Gaussian dispersion models for prediction of ground level concentrations (GLC’s) of PM, sulphur dioxide (SO2), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from point source emissions of proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III is carried out.

Where: Q = pollutant emission rate (mass per unit time) K = a scaling coefficient to convert calculated concentrations to desired units (default value of 1 x 106 for Q in g/s and concentration in µg/m3) V = vertical term D = decay term (a decay half life of 4 hours (R = 0.0000481 s-1) is automatically assigned when modelled) Fy,Fz = standard deviation of lateral and vertical concentration distribution (m) us = mean wind speed (m/s) at release height.



It should be noted that the Vertical Term includes the effects of source elevation, receptor elevation, plume rise, limited mixing in the vertical, and the gravitational settling and dry deposition of particulates (with diameters greater than about 0.1 microns). AERMOD View dispersion model was developed by Lakes Environmental software. It is used extensively to assess pollution concentration and deposition from a wide variety of sources. It is a regulatory steady-state plume modeling system with three separate components: AERMOD View (AERMOD Dispersion Model), AERMAP (AERMOD Terrain Pre-processor), and AERMET (AERMOD Meteorological Pre-processor). The AERMOD model includes a wide range of options for modeling air quality impacts of pollution sources. Some of the modeling capabilities of AERMOD include the following: • The model is used to analyze primary pollutants. • Source emission rates can be treated as constant or may be varied by month, season, hour-

of-day, or other optional periods of variation. These variable emission rate factors may be specified for a single source or for a group of sources. For this project all emission rates were treated as constant.

• The model can account for the effects of aerodynamic downwash due to buildings that are nearby point source emissions.

• Receptor locations are specified as gridded and/or discrete receptors in a Cartesian or polar coordinate system.

• Site location involving elevated terrain, the AERMAP terrain pre-processing program is incorporated into the model to generate hill height scales as well as terrain elevations for all receptor locations.

• The model contains algorithms for modeling the effects of settling and removal (through dry and wet deposition) of large particulates and for modeling the effects of precipitation scavenging for gases or particulates.

• AERMOD requires two types of meteorological data files, a file containing surface scalar parameters and a file containing vertical profiles. These two files are provided by AERMET meteorological pre-processor programme.



Data flow in the AERMOD modelling

4.3.2.3 Model inputs and results

The inputs used to run the model are stack details, emission details, and twenty-four hours mean meteorological data. The meteorological data is shown in Table 4.1; stack emission details & predictions are shown in the following Table 4.2 & Tables 4.3 to 4.4 and isopleths are shown in Figures 4.1 – 4.3 (Stage II & III); Figures 4.4 – 4.6 (Stages I,II&III - Cumulative) respectively. The Predicted maximum Ground level concentration of 24 Hour average of PM , SO2, and NOX

concentrations considering 24 hour mean meteorological data of study season are superimposed on the maximum baseline concentrations obtained during the study period to estimate the post project scenario, which would prevail at the post operational phase.



Table 4.1 24 Hours Mean Meteorological Data for Winter Season (December 2012 - February 2013)

Hour Avg. Wind speed Wind Direction Relative

Humidity Temperature Cloud Cover

m/s Degrees % C Oktas 1 1.32 90 72.06 16.15 4.15 2 1.33 90 79.94 17.64 4.15 3 1.36 90 79.94 19.45 4.15 4 1.79 90 79.94 20.30 4.15 5 2.40 90 82.52 23.12 4.15 6 2.85 45 83.22 24.0 4.15 7 3.16 90 83.52 25.56 4.15 8 3.22 90 74.23 26.11 4.15 9 3.44 90 74.23 26.37 4.15

10 3.52 90 74.23 26.48 4.15 11 3.48 90 43.76 26.12 4.15 12 3.44 90 43.76 24.57 4.15 13 2.90 90 43.76 22.92 4.15 14 2.96 90 35.12 21.62 4.15 15 2.07 90 35.12 21.41 4.15 16 2.18 90 35.74 20.94 4.15 17 2.25 90 37.55 20.05 4.15 18 2.24 90 37.55 19.23 4.15 19 2.12 90 37.55 19.15 4.15 20 2.02 90 57.23 18.73 4.15 21 1.93 90 57.23 18.32 4.15 22 1.73 90 57.23 18.16 4.15 23 1.61 90 71.58 17.86 4.15 24 1.49 90 71.58 17.70 4.15



Table 4.2 Stack and Emission Details of Proposed DG Set for the

Proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III


Details Units Proposed

DG Set capacity For Stage I**

Proposed DG Set capacity For Stage II &III

DG Set Capacity Kva/KW 1875/1500 2813/2250 Fuel Consumption L/hr 470 588.9 Density of Diesel Kg/m3 800 800 Height of the stack M 30 30 Dia. of stack M 0.2 0.2 Number of Stacks No 1 1 Temp of flue gas 0C 508 515 Velocity of flue gas m/s 22 22 Sulphur Content mg/kg 350 350 Nitrogen Content g/hp-hr 4.97 0.46 PM Emissions g/s 0.02 0.02 SO2 Emissions g/s 0.06 0.1 NOx Emissions g/s 1.50 0.22



Figure 4.1-4.3. Predicted Max. GLC’s for PM, SO2 & NOX (Stage II & Stage III)

Figure 4.1 PM Maximum concentration = 0.043 µg/m3 @ 2100 m in W direction Minimum concentration= 0.023 µg/m3

Contour Interval = 0.05 µg/m3 Figure 4.2 SO2 Maximum concentration =0.21 µg/m3 @ 2100 m in W direction

Minimum concentration= 0.13 µg/m3 Contour Interval = 0.02 µg/m3



Figure 4.3 Nox Maximum concentration = 0.47 µg/m3 @ 2137 m in W direction Minimum concentration =0.27 µg/m3

Contour Interval = 0.05 µg/m3

Table 4.3 Post Project Scenario-Units: μg/m3 (Stage II & Stage III)

24 – Hourly Concentrations

Concentrations

PM10

(µg/m3) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) (µg/m3)

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX)

(µg/m3) Baseline Scenario

(Max) 53 24.8 31.2

Predicted Ground Level Concentration 0.043 0.21 0.47

Overall Scenario (Worst Case) 53.043 25.01 31.67

Distance (m) 2137 2137 2137 Direction West West West

CPCB limits for rural & residential areas 100 80 80



Figure 4.4-4.6. Predicted Max. GLC’s for PM, SO2 & NOX (Stage I, II &III - Cumulative)

Figure 4.4 PM Maximum concentration = 0.16 µg/m3 @ 485m in W direction Minimum concentration= 0.04 µg/m3


Figure 4.5 SO2 Maximum concentration = 0.52 µg/m3 @ 485m in W direction Minimum concentration= 0.32 µg/m3




Figure 4.6 NOx Maximum concentration = 10.4 µg/m3 @ 480m in W direction Minimum concentration= 5.4 µg/m3


Table 4.4 Post Project Scenario-Units: μg/m3 (cumulative)

24 – Hourly Concentrations

Concentrations

PM10

(µg/m3) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) (µg/m3)

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX)

(µg/m3) Baseline Scenario

(Max) 53 24.8 31.2

Predicted Ground Level Concentration 0.16 0.52 10.4

Overall Scenario (Worst Case) 53.16 25.32 41.6

Distance (m) 485 485 485 Direction West West West

CPCB limits for rural & residential areas 100 80 80



4.3.2.4 Mitigation Measures The major air pollutants generated from the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III are given below.

1 Particulate Emissions 2 Sulphur dioxide (SO2) from DG set emission stack 3 Nitrogen oxides (NOx) from DG set emission stack

To control PM, SO2 and NOX emissions from DG sets, stack with sufficient height is proposed to meet the MOEF guidelines.

4.3.3 Impact On Water Quality 4.3.3.1 Wastewater Generation The main source of water for the proposed project is Groundwater supply. The details of water balance showing wastewater generation are given in Table 4.5 and the characteristics of wastewater generated and treated water is provided in Table 4.6 to 4.8.

Table 4.5

Water Requirement and Wastewater generation (MLD)

S.No Utility Water Requirement Stage I**

Wastewater generation Stage II & Stage III (Proposed)


Water 1 Industrial

Units 1.90 0.59 1.52 1.31 2.00 1.62 1.52 1.38






Table 4.6 Wastewater Characteristics

Parameter Units Industrial

Wastewater Domestic

wastewater pH - 6.5 – 8.0 6.5 – 8.0 Oil & Grease mg/l <10 15 TSS mg/l 50 150 - 200 TDS mg/l 4000 - 4500 400 - 450 COD mg/l 3000 - 3500 300 - 400 BOD mg/l 2000 - 2500 200 - 275

Table 4.7

Final Treated Characteristics of Industrial Wastewater

S. No Parameter CETP

1 pH 6.5 – 8.5

2 Oil & Grease (mg/l) <10

3 TSS (mg/l) <100

4 TDS (mg/l) <2100

5 COD <120 6 BOD <30

Table 4.8

Final Treated Characteristics of Domestic Wastewater

S. No Parameter CSTP

1 pH 6.5 – 8.5

2 Oil & Grease (mg/l) <10

3 TSS (mg/l) <100

4 TDS (mg/l) <2100

5 COD <120 6 BOD <30



4.3.3.2 Wastewater Treatment Scheme

Wastewater is generated from different sources of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III project, which were observed as the industrial wastewater as well as domestic wastewater from various different industries within the industrial area. The industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater, collected through separate drains, and treated in CETP & CSTP as shown in Figures 4.7 & 4.8. The treated water will be reused for Green Belt.



Figure 4.7 Schematic Flow Diagram of Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP)

Figure 4.8 Schematic Flow Diagram of Common Sewage Treatment Plant (CSTP)



4.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

The present section presents an assessment of solid waste impacts associated with the pre construction / constructional phase and operational phase of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. The sources of solid waste generation at the different phases of the development are categorized as follows. Pre construction / Construction phase: Construction and demolition waste is generated during the constructional activity. Activities such as site clearance, site formation, building works, infrastructure provision and any other infrastructure

i. Activities. It consists mostly of inert and non-biodegradable materials such as concrete, plaster, metal, plastics etc.

ii. Occupational phase: The most common solid waste generated in the proposed project is used batteries, waste oil, and municipal solid waste containing biodegradable and non biodegradable waste.

4.4.1 Solid Waste Generation during construction phase

This category of waste in the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III are due to different types of raw materials being used during establishment stage in general may comprise the following cement concrete bricks, tiles, cement plaster steel (from RCC, door/ window frames, roofing support, railings of staircase etc) rubble, sand, stone (Marble, granite, sand stone) timber/wood paints/varnishes

Besides above there are some major and minor components namely conduits, pipes, electrical fixtures, panels, etc in all the proposed projects. In addition the packing material used for packing of various items used in creation of sports infrastructure and others also constitutes the solid waste.



4.4.2 Mitigation measure during construction phase

The solid waste generated during this period being predominantly inert in nature, construction and demolition waste does not create chemical or biochemical pollution. Hence maximum effort would be made to reuse and recycle them. The most of the solid waste material can be used for filing/ leveling of low-laying areas. All attempts should be made to stick to the following measures.

1. All construction waste shall be stored within the proposed site for development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III itself. A proper screen will be provided so that the waste does not get scattered.

2. Attempts will be made to keep the waste segregated into different heaps as far as possible so that their further gradation and reuse is facilitated.

3. Materials, which can be reused for purpose of construction, leveling, making roads/ pavement will also be kept in separate heaps from those which are to be sold or land filled.

4. The local body or a private company may be arranged to provide appropriate number of skip containers/ trolleys on hire.

The use of the construction material basically depends on their separation and conditions of the separated material. A majority of these materials are durable and therefore, have a high potential for reuse. It would, however, be desirable to have quality standards for the recycled materials. Construction waste can be used in the following manner.

i. Reuse of bricks, tiles, stone slabs, timber, piping railings etc to the extent possible and depending upon their conditions.

ii. Sale/ auction of materials which cannot be used at the site due to design constraint iii. Plastics, broken glass, scrap metal etc can be sent for recycling in the industries. iv. Rubble/ brick bats can be used for building activity, such as leveling, under coat of lanes

where the traffic does not constitute heavy moving loads. v. Larger unusable pieces can be sent for filing up low laying areas. vi. Fine material such as sand, dust, etc can be used as cover material vii. The unearthed soil can be used for leveling as well as for lawn development viii. The broken pieces of the flooring material can be used for leveling in the building or can

be disposed off ix. The unused or remaining paints/varnishes/wood can either be reused or can be

disposed off



4.4.3 Solid waste generation during Operation

The major solid wastes generated from the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III during operation are waste oil and used batteries and domestic waste. The details of the hazardous and non hazardous waste generated are given in Table 4.9. & 4.10.

Table 4.9 Details of the Hazardous Waste

CATEGORY AS PER HWMH

rules 2003 Name of the waste Method of collection and disposal

Batteries (M&H) Rules 2003

Lead acid batteries Will be returned back to supplier

Used oil Category of 5.1 of schedule -1

Used oil CHWMF (Common Hazardous Waste Management Facility) for appropriate treatment and disposal or any authorised dealer

Bio medical Waste Rule 1998 Bio-medical Waste Bio Medical Waste Treatment Facility operator.

CETP Sludge CHWMF (Common Hazardous Waste Management Facility) for appropriate treatment and disposal

Table 4.10 Details of the Non- Hazardous Waste

Particulars Units Quantity Remarks CSTP Sludge TPD 0.6 Used as a manure for green belt Domestic & Canteen waste

TPD 36.25 Disposed to local municipalities / Compost plant.

Recyclable wastes like paper, cartons, plastics, scrap materials etc will be sold for further reuse and recycle.

4.4.4 Mitigation Measures

The domestic waste will be segregated at source, recyclable (metal, paper, glass, plastic, etc) will be sold to local vendors, biodegradable will be sent to vermin composting and inert (non-biodegradable) will be disposed to nearest municipal bin are given to local contractor.



4.5. RAINWATER HARVESTING & STORM WATER RUNOFF

All along the road network of the proposed site for Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, storm water drains would be provided to collect water during rains. They would adequately sized to prevent flooding of the site. It is proposed to have rainwater harvesting structures for recharge of roof top rainwater and rain water of paved surface at respective buildings. Treatment for silt, oil & grease removal will be provided to rainwater harvesting recharging pit. Overflow from the harvesting pit and storm water of road / open space will be collected through road side storm water drains. The rainwater harvesting pits will be provided near major built up areas, so that the roof water can be directly sent to nearest Rainwater harvesting pit. The excess water if any from the rainwater harvesting pits is diverted to storm water drains.

The storm water drains will be acting as recharge trench as the bottom will not be lined and intermittent check dams will be provided in the storm water drains, so that maximum amount of rainwater infiltrate into the ground. The excess water will be diverted into the common storm water drain. The width and depth of the drain proposed is 0.50 m and 0.40 m respectively.

4.6 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT

Most of the human activities generate pollution of one or other types and of different magnitudes, to which all the organisms are exposed. More often than not, exposures to some pollution types are considered unavoidable. Resistance of organisms helps them overcome the hazards caused by such exposures. The air pollution emitted by various sources settles on the ground and vegetation of surrounding area. The plants interact with both gaseous and particulate pollutants and to great extent absorb them and thus, remove them from the atmosphere. This pollution removal property of the plants has been known for a long time. For many years tree planting has been promoted by city planners for the purpose of reducing ground level air pollution. The details of the land allotted for greenbelt and landscaping works are given in Table 4.11.



Table 4.11 Greenbelt and Landscaping details

S. No Particulars Area Ha Area Acre Remarks

1 Total Land

1158.15

2861.84 @ 2500 plants/ha will be planted in greenbelt, local species will be identified

4.6.1 Mitigation of Impacts by Green Belt

In the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III,, the natural vegetation of the construction site is going to be severely damaged; however in the present case only small portion of the land will be used for providing civil infrastructure. But none of the plants or animals of the proposed site (Core area) belong to Rare or Endangered or Endemic or Threatened (REET) category all of them occur in the buffer zone. Hence, there are no chances of losing any valuable biodiversity. When the project is fully operational over a period, lots of greenery comes up in the form of avenue trees, ornamentals, fruit trees and lawns. As a result, the loss of carbon sequestration capacity due to the loss of few plants could be compensated. There is no plan to introduce new exotic species except those that have become naturalized. Preference will be given to native and local trees. A list trees proposed to be included for the development of green belt and avenue plantations are given in Table 4.12. Apart from these several ornamental shrubs such as Nerium, Tabermontana, Lantanas, Cycas, Ixoras, Bougainvilleas, Roses, Royal Palms, Fish tail palms, Travellers palms etc shall also be included. Planting stocks are readily available from the Forest Department as well as from the local private nurseries. All plants are locally adapted and the present site can support their growth with suitable horticultural practices. Sufficient space, resources and man power for development and maintenance are provided in the plan.

Table 4.12 List of Plant Identified – Greenbelt, Road side, Boundary Botanical name Local name Importance Acacia auriculiformis Australian wattle Avenue tree Ailanthus excelsa Maharakha Tree borne oil Albizia lebbeck Pilosarasio Shade, timber and scented flowers Alstonia scholaris Siattan Kajat Beautiful medicinal tree. Araucaria sp. Monkey’s puzzle An attractive conifer. Azadirachta indica Limbado or Neem Neem oil & neem products Bauhinia racemosa Asundro Ornamental tree Cassia fistula Garmala Ornamental and bark is a



source of tannin Cassia siamea Kaisid Ornamental avenue tree Cocos nucifera Nariyal Coconut palm Dalbergia sissoo Sissam Avenue and timber tree Dendrocalamus strictus Nakorvans Bamboo products Casuarina equisetifolia Jangli Saru Pulp and construction material Delonix regia Gulmohur Ornamental avenue tree Ficus benghalensis Vad Shade and a source of food for birds Ficus racemosa Medi Edible fruits Ficus religiosa Pipro Shade and a source of food for birds Holoptelia integrifolia Khanjho Fibre and timber Lawsonia inermis Medi Evergreen quick growing plant Leucaena leucocephala Subabul Fodder and pulp wood Mangifera indica Amri Edible fruit Madhuca longifolia Mahuda Deciduous quick growing Mimosops elengi Bakul Shade and edible fruit Moringo oleifera Midho Quick growing deciduous Murraya paniculata Chulajuti Evergreen quick growing shrub Nyctanthus arbor – tristis Harsingara Deciduous quick growing shrub Poinciana pulcherrima Sandhesara Evergreen quick growing shrub Polyalthia longifolia Asupala Avenue tree Ricinus communis Diveligo Evergreen quick growing shrub Sapindus emarginatus Ritha Soap nut tree Spathodea companulata Flame of the forest Ornamental avenue tree Saraca asoka Ashoka Rare ornamental tree Syzygium cumini Jambu Edible fruits Tamarindus indica Amli Tamarind fruit and leaf Tectona grandis Saga Timber Terminalia arjuna Sadado Timber and shade tree Terminalia chebula Hardo Edible nuts Trema orientalis Gol Evergreen quick growing tree 4.7 DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIO-ECONOMICS The impacts of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, during operation on demography and socio economic conditions would be both positive and negative some of them are as follows.

Increase in employment opportunities and Reduction in migrants to outside for employment.

Growth in industrial sector of local area



Increase in consumer prices of indigenous produce and services, land prices, house rent rates and Labour prices.

Improvement in socio cultural environment of the study area. Improvement in transport, communication, health and educational services. Increase in employment due to increased business, trade and commerce and service sector. The overall impact on the socio economic environment will be beneficial.



CHAPTER

Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site) 5.1 INTRODUCTION In order to help the concerned authorities and the entrepreneurs, Ministry of Environment & Forests (MOEF), Government of India (GOI) has framed certain broad guidelines for siting an industry/proposed projects. The broad environmental guidelines recommended for siting of industries/proposed project to ensure optimum use of natural and man-made resources in sustainable manner with minimal depletion, degradation and or destruction of environment are given in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1

Site Selection Criteria – Areas to be Avoided Land Procurement Sufficient land to meet the demand of greenbelt development,

reuse of treated water, storing of solid waste before final disposal Coastal areas At least 500 m from high tide line Estuaries At least 200 m away from the estuary boundaries Flood plains of the Riverine system

At least 500 m from flood plain or modified flood plain, or by flood control systems

Transport / communications system

At least 500 m from highway and railway

Major settlements At least 25 km from the project growth boundary of the settlement (3 lakh Population)

Ecologically and or otherwise sensitive area

At least 25 km (Archaeological monuments, National parks & Sanctuaries, Biosphere reserves, Hill resorts, Scenic areas, etc

Ecologically and / or otherwise sensitive areas include: 1) Religious & historic places, 2)

5



Archaeological monuments, 3) scenic areas, 4) Hills resorts, 5) Beach resorts 6) Health resorts 7) Coastal areas rich in coral, mangroves, breeding grounds of specific species, 8) Estuaries rich in mangroves, breeding ground of specific species, 9) Gulf areas, 10) Biosphere reserves, 11) National parks and sanctuaries, 12) Natural lakes, swamps, 13) seismic zones, 14) Tribal settlements, 15) Areas of scientific and geological interest, 16) Defence installations, specifically those of security importance and sensitive to pollution 17) Border areas (International), 18) Airports, 19) Tiger reserves / elephant reserves / turtle nestling grounds 20) Habitat for migratory birds 21) Lakes /reservoirs / dams In siting of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage – II & Stage III, care would be taken to minimise the adverse impact of the proposed project on the immediate neighbourhood as well as distant places. Some of the natural life sustaining systems and some specific land uses are sensitive and vulnerable to the outputs. With a view to protect such sensitive systems, shall maintain the above mentioned guidelines. 5.2 SITING CRITERIA The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage–II & Stage III is located at Vasanthanarasapura, Tumkur District, Karnataka and it is around 70 km from state capital Bangalore and Tumkur District HQ is about 20 km. The site falls in survey of India topo maps no of 57 C/14, 57 C/15, 57 G/2, 57 G/3. The details of siting criteria of the proposed project is as follows-

Table 5.2

Siting Criteria of the proposed Project

Details Siting Guidelines Proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage – II &

Stage III Tumkur District, Karnataka

Ecologically Sensitive areas

At least 25 km Madhugiri RF 7.5Km (NE) Badavanahalli RF 7.0 Km (N)

Kavaragal RF 9.0 Km (E) Kolikal RF 7.0 Km (NE)

Reserve Forest 5.5 Km (S) Reserve Forest 8.0 Km (SE)



Coastal areas ½ km from high tide line

None

Flood Plain of Riverine system

½ km from flood plain Gowdanhalli Kere, Hebbaka Lake , Nellahallu , Joganhalli and Kurehalli kere were identified between 1.5 Km to 8.0

Km around 10 km radius from the project site and also other small seasonal formed

water bodies observed

Transport & Communication

½ km from highway & Railway

NH – 4 1 Km (W) Tumkur Railway Station 20 Km (E)

Major settlements (3 lakhs pop)

at least 25 km Tumkur 20 Km (E)

Rehabilitation & Resettlement issues

KIADB acquired land as per the statutory norms

Type of land Avoid Prime Agri Land

Private patta land

5.3 SITE SELECTION

Overlooking the Environmental Factors during site selection at the project initiation stage will generally increase the project costs due to the increase in the compliance to environmental regulations and also will make the project vulnerable to opposition from the public. The EC has been obtained vide ref to the Annexure 1 for Stage I Vasanthanarasapura IA and further Stage II & Stage III proposed to develop adjacent to the stage I based on the analysis and interpretation of available data, Geo, Meteorological, Hydrological evaluation and other Impact Assessment studies. The selected site is best suited for industrial activities. Hence no other alternative sites have been proposed. Site selection for the development was made keeping the following points in view: Air shed and the topography of the region Watershed, drainage patterns and the hydrogeology of the region Meteorological conditions that favor the dispersion of the air emissions Major water bodies and the downstream users within the study area.



5.4 MITIGATION MEASURES Appropriate mitigation measures adopted such as CETP/CSTP, Municipal and Hazardous Waste management, Storm water management and rainwater water harvesting system etc will mitigate the impacts on air, water and land environment. Hence there will be no need of alternative site for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. 5.5 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

Solar energy will be used as an alternative energy. Solar street lights will be used and the member industries will install solar water heaters to feed pre heat water to process. This will help in saving the electric energy. However, solar energy can be utilized only during sunny days. No alternative site has been proposed for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III.; the following contents are not covered in the draft EIA report. Description of each alternative Summary of adverse impacts of each alternative Mitigation measures proposed for each alternative and Selection of alternative



CHAPTER

Environmental Monitoring Program 6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM The main objective of environmental monitoring program is to check the efficacy of the EMP (Environmental Management Plan) and implementation and take corrective action needed. A well defined environmental monitoring program would be followed for the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. It would be ensured that trained and qualified staff supervises the monitoring and sampling of ambient air, common DG set stack gases, common sewage and trade/Industrial effluents, noise etc. to see that prescribed standards laid down are obtained. The monitoring plan will be done in two phases

• Constructional phase • Operational phase

6.1.1 Constructional Phase The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III envisage the setting up of major components is mechanical and electrical equipments for common utilities.The constructional activities involve clearing of vegetation, mobilisation of constructional material and equipment. However, mobilisation of constructional material & equipment for excavation of earth etc. will be involved. The constructional activities are expected to last for a short period. The generic environmental measures that need to be undertaken during project construction stage are given in the following Table: 6.1.

6



Table 6.1 Environmental Monitoring during Constructional Phase of proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA

Of Stage II & Stage III

Potential Impact

Detailed actions to be followed as per EMP

Parameters for Monitoring

Frequency of Monitoring

Air Emissions All equipments are operated within specified design parameters.

Random checks of equipment logs/ manuals

Periodical Monitoring

Vehicle trips to be minimized to the extent possible.

Vehicle logs Periodical Monitoring

Any dry, dusty materials stored in sealed containers are prevented from blowing.

Stockpiles or open containers of dusty materials.


Compaction of soil during various construction activities

Construction logs Periodical Monitoring

Maintenance of DG set emissions to meet stipulated standards

Gaseous emissions (SO2, HC, CO, NOx)


Ambient air quality within the premises of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III to be monitored.

Gaseous emissions Particulate matter, SO2, NOx, and CO

As per CPCB/ SPCB requirement

Noise List of all noise generating machinery onsite along with age to be prepared.

Equipment logs, noise reading

Regular Monitoring

Night working is to be minimized.

Working hour records


Generation of vehicular noise Maintenance of records of vehicles


Implement good working practices (equipment selection and siting) to minimize noise and also reduce its impacts on human health (ear muffs, safe

Site working practices records, noise reading




Potential Impact




distances, and enclosures). No machinery running when not required. Acoustic mufflers / enclosures to be provided in large engines

Mufflers / enclosures shall be in place.

Prior to use of equipment.

Noise to be monitored within the plant premises.

Instant Noise levels will be recorded.

As per CPCB/SPCB requirement

Noise level will not exceed the permissible limit both during day & night times. All equipments operated within specified design parameters.



Vehicle trips to be minimized to the extent possible


Wastewater Discharge

No direct discharge of wastewater to be made to surface water, groundwater or soil.

No discharge hoses shall be in vicinity of watercourses.


The discharge point would be selected properly and sampling and analysis would be undertaken prior to discharge

Discharge norms for effluents as given in Permits


Take care in disposal of wastewater generated such that soil and groundwater resources are protected.

Discharge norms for effluents as given in permits

Soil Erosion Minimize area extent of site clearance, by staying within the defined boundaries

Site boundaries not extended / breached as per plan document.




Potential Impact




Protect topsoil stockpile Effective cover in place.


Drainage and effluent Management

Ensure drainage system and specific design measures are working effectively. The design to incorporate existing drainage pattern and avoid disturbing the same.

Visual inspection of drainage and records thereof


Waste Management

Implement waste management plan that identifies and characterizes every waste arising associated with proposed activities and which identifies the procedures for collection, handling & disposal of each waste arising.

Comprehensive Waste Management Plan should be in place and available for inspection on-site. Compliance with MSW Rules, 1998 and Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling Rules), 2003


Non-routine events and accidental releases

Plan will be drawn, considering likely emergencies and steps required to prevent / limit consequences.

Mock drills and records of the same


Health Employees and migrant labour health check ups

All relevant parameters

Regular checkups

6.1.2 Operational Phase During operational stage of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, continuous air emissions (Particulate Matter, SO2, and NOX emissions) and wastewater generation are expected. The following attributes which merit regular monitoring based on the environmental setting and nature of project activities are listed below:



• Source emissions and ambient air quality; • Groundwater Levels and ground water quality; • Water and wastewater quality (water quality, effluent & sewage quality etc); • Solid waste characterisation ( HW/MSW/CETP / CSTP sludge); • Soil quality; • Noise levels in and around the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of

Stage II & Stage III (equipment and machinery noise levels, occupational exposures and ambient noise levels); and

• Ecological preservation and afforestation.

Table 6.2 Environmental Monitoring during Operational Phase of proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA

of Stage II & Stage III

S.

No Potential Impact Action to be Followed Parameters for

Monitoring Frequency of Monitoring

1. Air Emissions Air emissions from DG sets

Gaseous emissions (Particulate Emissions)

As per CPCB/ SPCB requirement AAQ within the project

premises and nearby habitations (3 places at 120º) to be monitored.

PM10,PM2.5, SO2 & NOx

All vehicles to be PUC certificate.

Vehicle logs to be maintained

Once in six months

Meteorological data Wind speed, direction, temp., relative humidity and rainfall.


2. Noise Noise generated from operation of common utility machinery to be monitored

Spot Noise Level recording;

Periodical

3. Wastewater Discharge (CETP/CSTP)

Compliance to wastewater discharge standards

pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD & Oil& grease

Periodic or As per CPCB/ SPCB requirement

4. Solid waste/ Haz. waste

Check compliance to HWM rules

Quality & quantity monitoring

Periodical

5. Ground Water Quality and

Monitoring ground water quality, around the

Comprehensive monitoring as per IS

Periodical



S. No

Potential Impact Action to be Followed Parameters for


Water Levels proposed project site and levels

10500 Groundwater level BGL

6. Flora and fauna Vegetation, greenbelt / green cover development

No. of plants, species Once in a year

7. Soil quality Checking & Maintenance of good soil quality around the proposed project

Physico-chemical parameters and metals.

Once in a year

8. Health Employees and migrant labour health check ups of individual industries

All relevant parameters including HIV

Regular checkups

6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY EQUIPMENT The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III may propose and maintain an in-house environmental laboratory for the routine monitoring / sampling of Air, Water, Soil, Meteorology, and Noise. For monitoring / sampling/analysis, the member industries / developer may utilize the services of in-house environmental laboratory and external laboratories as third party monitoring/sampling /analysis for their compliance. The In house laboratory equipments required for monitoring / sampling /analysis are listed in Table 6.3.

Table 6.3

List of Equipment proposed for Environmental Laboratory

Name of the Equipment No of Instruments

Manual or Automatic Weather Station, which can record wind speed, wind direction Temperature, Relative Humidity

1

Gaseous stack monitoring kit for SO2, NOx, Flue gas volume, Temperature and conventional monitoring kit for particulates

1

Air samplers with PM<10&<2.5 provision 3

Portable Flue Gas Combustion Analyser 1

Portable Noise level meter (Dosimeter) 1

Portable Wastewater Analysis Kit 1

Electronic Balance 1



6.3 ORGANIZATIONAL SETUP ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT A proposal recommending to the project proponent/developer, in setting up of organized structure for environmental management cell as General Manager (Environment) is directly responsible for Environmental Management of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III is given in Figure 6.1.

Figure 6.1. Organizational Set-up for Environmental Management

6.4 REPORTING SCHEDULES OF THE MONITORING DATA The environmental monitoring cell shall co-ordinate all monitoring programs at site and data thus generated shall be regularly furnished to the State regulatory agencies. The frequency of reporting shall be done on the basis of statutory requirements to the local state PCB officials and to Regional office of MoEF or as per the conditions mentioned in CFE/CFO or EC. The Environmental Audit reports shall be prepared for the entire year of operations and shall be submitted to regulatory authorities. 6.5 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR EMP In order to comply with the environmental protection measures as suggested in the above sections, the management has made a budgetary provision for Environmental Protection and Safety measures. In capital cost of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of



Stage II & Stage III Rs.1100 Crore, 10 % of capital cost i.e., Rs. 110 Crore will be allocated to Environmental Budget for Environmental Management /Environmental Mitigation Measures and 1 % of Environmental Budget i.e., 1.10 Crore will be as recurring cost are given in Table 6.4.

Table 6.4

Cost towards Environmental Mitigation Measures S.No Particulars Details Environmental Budget

Capital Rs. In Crore

Recurring Rs. In Crore

1 Water Pollution Control

Common Effluent & Sewage Treatment plants (CETP & CSTP)

20.00

0.20

Drains, retaining wall, check dams, etc

Storm water drains Drains along roads

2 Air, Noise pollution control

Acoustics enclosures & Stacks 30.00 0.30

3 Pollution monitoring Laboratory testing equipment/ Environmental Monitoring equipments

0.25 0.0025

4 Safety & Health Fire Water Reservoir, Pumping Stations & Pipe Network Firefighting equipment

9.50 0.095

Personal protective equipment 0.25 0.0025 5 Green Belt Progressive Green Belt

Development plan/Green Belt development in and around the periphery of project

50.00 0.50

Total 110.00 1.10



CHAPTER

Additional Studies 7.1 SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN During construction, erection, testing, commissioning, operation and maintenance, the men, materials and machines are the basic inputs. The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III generally has problems like occupational health and safety. Hence management proposes to take steps to minimize the impacts from the proposed development of IA and to ensure appropriate occupational health, safety including fire plans by adapting Occupational Health & Safety measures as per Standard Procedures & Local Guidelines. All these activities again may be classified based on activities which needs attention during construction, erection, operation and maintenance phases. Over-exertion, ergonomic injuries and illnesses caused due to repetitive motion and manual handling are among the most common during construction of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III and adopt proper steps for their prevention and control which include: Training to be given to the workers - lifting of materials & handling, placement of weight limits, planning of work at proposed development of IA, proper selecting tools and designing of work stations and implementation of administrative controls in proposed site for the development of IA during constructional phase. Implementation of good house-keeping practices, such as the sorting and placing loose construction materials or demolition debris in identified areas away from foot paths.

7



A fall protection plan will implement for the persons who will work in heights and also depending on the nature and aspects of the fall hazard. Appropriate techniques and measures will be taken for the prevention and control of hazards caused by the objects and moving machinery in proposed site for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III during constructional phase. Suitable dust suppression techniques will be implemented like water spraying to minimize dust from vehicle movements and also proper PPE used at excessive levels. a) Policy Involved and responding employees will: 1. Contact their immediate supervisors according to individual department policies. Do not

assume that someone else will follow through with reporting needs. Do not admit liability for anything that happened or assume that anyone else is responsible for the accident or damage. What happened will be sorted out through the accident reporting and investigation process.

2. The supervisor or employee should cause the following to be completed: a. Obtain the names, addresses, and phone numbers (work and home) of any witnesses.

Interview the witnesses and prepare a report including statements from the witnesses. The report should include any suggestions to prevent a similar accident or incident from occurring in the future.

b. Take photographs of the property damage or defect. A sufficient number of photos should be taken to fully describe the damage to a person who has not been at the scene.

c. Prepare a report of the incident with all necessary information. The reports should be prepared to reflect the seriousness of the incident.

d. Fill appropriate forms for future use. e. If individual department procedures include all of the information required by this policy,

that document can be utilized to fulfill these requirements. f. This policy is in addition to a workers’ compensation reporting requirements. Appropriate risk management strategies will be implemented to protect the community from physical, chemical, or other hazards associated with sites through a combination of Institutional



and administrative controls by adopting the community Health and Safety measures as per Standard procedures & local guidelines provided for community health and safety. To control communicable and vector-borne diseases attributable in the proposed site for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III are not potentially serious health threat to project personnel and residents of local communities. The investigation facilities are available to monitor all the employees for the occupational health diseases expected due the production activities in the Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III premises and also maintaining periodical check-up of our all workers from certified Industrial & Occupational Health Physician. We adopt certified Industrial & Occupational Health Physician or by the external Industrial & Occupational Health Physician in company for regular visit twice in a week and also we will maintain the first aid box with sufficient medicines to face any emergency in the industrial premises. The problem of occupational health, in the operation and maintenance phase of member industries is due to noise hearing losses. The personal protective equipments are given to all the workers. The working personnel are given the following personnel protective equipments as appropriate to their working environment. Industrial Safety Helmet; Face shield with replacement acrylic vision; Zero power plain goggles with cut type filters on both ends; Welders equipment for eye and face protection; Ear muffs; Canister Gas mask; Self contained breathing apparatus; Leather apron; Full body Safety harness Leather hand gloves; Acid/Alkali proof rubberized hand gloves; Electrically tested electrical resistance hand gloves and Industrial safety shoes. Emergency medical facilities are available round the clock for attending emergency arising out of



accidents, if any. All working personnel are medically examined at least once in every year and at the end of his term of employment. b) Safety Plan Safety of both men and materials during construction and operational phases is of concern. The preparedness in the proposed site for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III for the occurrence of possible disasters is known as emergency plan. The disaster in the proposed site of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III may be possible due to leakage of hazardous fuels like HSD, collapse of structures and fire/explosion etc. Keeping in view the safety requirement during construction, operation and maintenance phases, developer/common facilitator propose to formulate the safety policy and the same will be further strengthening after establishment of the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. The safety policy is based on the following regulations: To allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe and healthy conditions of work; To take steps to ensure that all known safety factors are taken into account in the design,

construction, operation and maintenance of member industries, machinery and equipment; To ensure that adequate safety instructions are given to all employees; To provide wherever necessary protective equipment, safety appliances and clothing and to

ensure their proper use; To inform employees about materials, equipment or processes used in their work which are

known to be potentially hazardous to health or safety; To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making necessary

changes from the point of view of safety in the light of experience and upto date knowledge; To provide appropriate facilities for first aid and prompt treatment of injuries and illness at

work; To provide appropriate instruction, training, retraining and supervision to employees in health

and safety, first aid and to ensure that adequate publicity is given to these matters; To ensure proper implementation of fire prevention methods and an appropriate fire fighting

service together with training facilities for personnel involved in this service; To organize collection, analysis and presentation of data on accident, sickness and incident

involving people injury or injury to health with a view to taking corrective, remedial and preventive action;

To promote through the established machinery, joint consultation in health and safety matters



to ensure effective participation by all employees; To publish/notify regulations, instructions and notices in the common language of employees; • To prepare separate safety rules for each types of occupation/processes involved in a

proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III; and to ensure regular safety inspection by a competent person at suitable intervals of all buildings, equipments, work places and operations in all member industries and proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III.

In operation, the safety guidelines shall be framed and implemented. 7.2 SAFETY ORGANIZATION Construction and Erection Phase A qualified and experienced safety officer shall be appointed by the member industries and for the entire proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. The responsibilities of the safety officers include identification of the hazardous conditions and unsafe acts of workers and advice on corrective actions, conduct safety audit, organize training programs and provide professional expert advice on various issues related to occupational safety and health. He is also responsible to ensure compliance of Safety Rules/ Statutory Provisions. In addition to employment of safety officer by industry every contractor, who employs more than 250 workers, in the proposed site for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III /member industry shall also employ one safety officer to ensure safety of the worker, in accordance with the conditions of contract. Operation and Maintenance Phase When the construction is completed the posting of safety officers shall be in accordance with the requirement of Factories Act and their duties and responsibilities shall be as defined thereof. A training center shall be set up at the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. Safety training shall be provided by the Safety Officer with the assistance of External faculty members called from Corporate Center, Professional Safety Institutions and Universities. In addition to regular employees, contractor labors shall also be provided safety training. To create safety awareness safety films shall be shown to workers and leaflets etc.



7.3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN (DMP) The objective of the study is to assess the likely hazards and risk associated with process and

preparation of preliminary Disaster Management Plan (DMP).

7.3.1 Public Consultation Before the preparation of Final EIA Report, public hearing will be conducted for the project as per the provisions of Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 and the issues raised by the public will be addressed in the Environmental Management Plan. Also monitoring of surrounding sensitive areas around the proposed site for the development of IA will be done to evaluate the problems related to pollution and health of the people in immediate vicinity. The feedback from these discussions will be considered in performance evaluation of pollution control equipments. This will help in establishing good relations with local populations. Identification of water-related diseases, sites, adequacy of local vector control and curative measures, status of public health are some of the parameters which should be closely monitored twice a year with the help of data maintained in the government dispensaries/hospitals. 7.3.2 Risk Assessment Plan Risk involves the occurrence or potential occurrence of some accident consisting of an event or sequence of events. Risk (R) can be mathematically expressed as R = fD where R is the risk (individual or societal), f is the frequency of occurrence of an undesired event and D is the expected damage distance due to likely occurrence of that unfortunate event. The main objectives of the study are as follows:

i. Identification of hazard prone area and estimation of damage distance for the Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) scenarios visualized for storages.

ii. Computation of frequency of occurrence of hazards and evaluation of risk. iii. Based on the studies, suggest risk mitigation measures and arrive at guidelines for

Disaster Management and Emergency Preparedness Plan (DMP and EPP).



7.4 PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND INVENTORY AT SITE The process description of the various activities in proposed site for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. The inventory at the project site is given in the Table 7.1.

Table 7.1 Storage Capacity in project site for the proposed development of


S.No Name of Hazardous Materials & Location

Nature of Hazard

No. of Storage

Units

Capacity of storage

Total Storage Capacity

Stage

1 HSD (High Speed Diesel)

Fire & Explosion

1 No 25 MT 25 MT II

1No 50 MT 50 MT III

7.5 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS 7.5.1 Introduction to Hazard Identification Identification of hazards in proposed site for the development Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III is of primary significance in the analysis, quantification and cost effective control of accidents involving chemicals and process. A classical definition of hazard states that hazard is in fact the characteristic of system/plant/process that presents potential for an accident. Hence, all the components of a system/plant/ process need to be thoroughly examined to assess their potential for initiating or propagating an unplanned event/sequence of events, which can be termed as an accident. 7.5.2 Identification of Major Hazardous Units Hazardous substances may be Flammable substances is given in Table – 7.2.



Table 7.2 Summary Table on the Inventories

Chemical Codes/ Label

TLV FBP MP FP UEL LEL

% HSD

(High Speed Diesel)

Flammable

139 ppm 130 - 400 0 C NA 430 C 4.7 0.6

TLV : Threshold Limit Value FBP : Final Boiling Point MP : Melting Point FP : Flash Point

UEL : Upper Explosive Limit LEL : Lower Explosive Limit 7.5.3 Classification Based On Inventory Rating In order to ensure a steady supply of raw materials, process chemicals and fuels, adequate inventory of all these materials is maintained. The quantities stored and the degrees of hazard in terms of NFPA ratings are given below. The National Fire Protection Agency, USA (NFPA), on scale 0 to 4 (least to worst), hazard rating is used as a tool to assess the preliminary hazard potential of a material shown in the Table 7.3 below.

Table 7.3 Properties of Fuels employed

S.No Raw Material Nh Nf Nr LD50 1 HSD (High Speed Diesel) 0 2 0 5000

From the above table it can be inferred that i. HSD fall under the category of “moderate” category of flammability index with Nf being 2.

7.5.4 Identification of Major Hazard Installations Based on MSIHC Rules 1989 and the Amended Rules in October ‘1994 Following accidents in industry in India over the past few decades a specific legislation covering major hazard activities has been enforced by Govt. of India in 1989 in conjunction with Environment Protection Act, 1986. This is referred here as MSIHC Rules 1989. For the purpose of identifying major hazard installations the rules employ certain criteria based on toxic, flammable and explosive properties of chemicals. The indicative criteria adopted by the rules are listed in Table 7.4.



• Besides a list of hazardous substances with their threshold quantities are

provided in Part II of Schedule I of the rules • Schedule II of the rules sets out the threshold quantities for isolated storage

units • Schedule III gives a list of hazardous chemicals with their threshold quantities. In

this schedule different chemicals are classified into distinct groups viz. Group 1 - Toxic substances, Group 2 -Toxic substances, Group 3 -Highly reactive substances, Group 4 -Explosive substances and Group 5-Flammable substances.

• Schedule IV of the rules indicate various operations which are hazardous during production, processing or treatment of organic and inorganic chemicals.

A systematic analysis of fuels and their quantities of storage has been carried out, to determine threshold quantities as notified by MSIHC Rules 1989 and amended rules in 1994 and the applicable rules are identified. Indicative Criteria for Identification of Toxic, Flammable and Explosive Chemicals (MSIHC Rules 1989) is given in Table - 7.4.

Table 7.4 Indicative Criteria for Identification of Toxic, Flammable and

Explosive Chemicals (MSIHC Rules 1989) a. Toxic Chemicals Chemicals having the following values of acute toxicity and which, owing to their physical and chemical properties, are capable of producing major accident hazards S. No.

Degree of Toxicity

Medium lethal dose by the oral route (oral toxicity) LD 50 (mg/Kg body weight of test animals)

Medium lethal dose by the dermal route (dermal toxicity) LD 50(mg/Kg body weight of test animals)

Medium lethal concentration by inhalation route (four hours) LC50 (mg/L inhalation in test animals)

1. Extremely toxic

1-50 1-200 0.1-0.5

2. Highly toxic

51-500 201-2000 0.5-2.0

b. Flammable Chemicals



i. Flammable gases: Chemicals which in the gaseous state at normal pressure and when mixed with air become flammable and the boiling point of which at normal pressure is 20oC or below;

ii. Highly flammable liquids: Chemicals, which have a flash point, lower than 23oC and the boiling point of which at normal pressure is above 20oC.

iii. Flammable liquids :Chemicals which have a flash point lower than 650C and which remain liquids under pressure, where particular processing conditions, such as high pressure and high temperature, may create major accident hazards

c. Explosives Chemicals which may explode under the effect of flame, heat or photo-chemical conditions or which are more sensitive to shocks or friction than dinitrobenzene. Based on the indicative criteria inventory (liquids/fuels) stored in proposed site for the Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III has been analyzed for applicability of MSIHC Rules 1989 and the results are summarized in Table 7.5.

Table 7.5 Applicability of GOI Rules to Storages

S. No.

Chemical/ Fuel Listed in Schedule

Limitation quantity

*Actual Expected Quantity

Threshold Quantity (T) for Application of Rules

1 HSD (Stage II) 3 200 MT 25 MT 2(e)(iii),5 and 6(1)(a) / 7-15 2 HSD (Stage III) 3 200 MT 50 MT 2(e)(iii),5 and 6(1)(a) / 7-15

*Expected Quantity to be Stored for a week From the above table it can be inferred that

HSD tanks (with capacity 25 MT for Stage II & 50 MT for Stage III) attract rules 2(e)(iii), 5 and 6(1)(a) and 7-15, as the stored quantities are less than that of the stipulated threshold quantities

7.5.5 Description Of Applicable Provisions Of GOI Rules’ 1989 The description of applicable provisions of GOI rules’1989 as amended in 1994 given below in Table 7.6.



Table 7.6 Description of GOI Rules

GOI rules Description 1 • Identify Major accident Hazards

• Take adequate steps to prevent major accidents • Provide information to persons working onsite. • Impart training, provide equipment and antidotes

2 Notification of major accidents to concerned authority If any major accident occurs, occupier to inform. Concerned authority as listed in SC-5, and submit report as per the format in SC-6 (applies after commencing of the activity)

3 Notification of site to competent authority 4 Updating of site notification following changes in threshold quantity 5 Transitional provision for the existing activity 6 Preparation of safety reports for commencement of activity 7 Updating of safety reports based on modification 8 Provision of further information on safety reports to the authority 9 Preparation of onsite emergency plan by the occupier

10 Preparation of offsite emergency plan by the occupier 11 Information to be given to persons liable to be effected by a major accident 12 Collection development and dissemination on hazardous chemicals employed by

the occupier 13 Occupier shall develop information in the form of safety data sheet as specified in

SC-9 Every container of the hazardous chemical should be labeled with name of the manufacturer or importer of the hazardous chemical

14 Preparation of off-site emergency plan by the authority 15 Information to be given to persons liable to be affected by a major accident

7.6 SHORT LISTED HAZARDS Based on the preliminary hazard analysis, the following scenarios are short-listed for consequence analysis to quantify the risks involved. The nature of Hazards that could occur in proposed site for Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III is presented in the following Table 7.7 along with the sources.



Table 7.7 Short listed Hazards

Nature Of Hazards Sources & Location Fire Hazards HSD Storage area. Storage & handling of HSD in DG power house

Explosion Hazard HSD Fire / explosions due to leakage

Spillage / transfer of HSD cause explosion due to leakage

Accidents due to material handling equipment

Connected with all material handling activities and equipment

Dust hazard Storage and handling of product concentrate at production block as well in storage yard

High voltage electrical hazard

DG power house, switch yard, HT Motors/ lines

Fall from height Civil construction works, welding and other hot jobs done at height. 7.7 MAXIMUM CREDIBLE ACCIDENT ANALYSIS Hazardous substances may be released as a result of failures or catastrophes, causing possible damage to the surrounding area. This chapter deals with the question of how the consequences of the release of such substances and the damage to the surrounding area can be determined by means of models. A disastrous situation is generally due to outcome of fire, explosion or toxic hazards in addition to other natural causes, which eventually lead to loss of life, property and ecological imbalance. Major hazards posed by hazardous chemical storages can be identified taking recourse to MCA Analysis. MCA analysis encompasses certain techniques to identify the hazards and calculate the consequent effects in terms of damage distances of heat radiation, toxic releases, vapor cloud explosion, etc. A host of probable or potential accidents of the major units in the complex arising due to use, storage and handling of the hazardous materials are examined to establish their credibility. Depending upon the effective hazardous attributes and their impact on the event, the maximum effect on the surrounding environment and the respective damage caused can be assessed.



Various models for calculating the physical effects of the incidental release of hazardous substances are detailed subsequently. First, attention is paid to the factors, which are decisive for the selection of the models to be used in a particular situation, after which the various effect models are discussed. 7.8 INJURIES RESULTING FROM FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS In the case of flammable liquids such as HSD for immediate ignition of a pool fire will occur. The injuries in this case are mainly caused by heat radiation. Serious injuries as the result of the shock wave generally do not occur outside the fire ball zone. Fragmentation of the storage system can cause damage up to distance of over 50 m depending on the capacity of the affected storage tank. If the gas is not ignited immediately, it will disperse into the atmosphere. If the gas cloud ignites it is assumed that everyone present within the gas cloud will die as a result of burns or asphyxiation. Outside the gas cloud the duration of the thermal load will be too brief to cause any injuries. In the event of very rapid combustion of the gas cloud the shock wave may cause damage outside the limits of the cloud. Explosive combustion will only occur if the cloud is enclosed to some extent between buildings and obstacles. The Mathematical models and analytical models for Hazard Analysis of the flammable liquids in the proposed site for development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III are as shown in Table 7.8 Damage criteria in Table 7.9. Radiation exposure and lethality Table 7.10: Damage due to peak over pressure Table 7.11.

Table 7.8 Mathematical models and analytical models for Hazard Analysis

S. No EXPLOSIONS

1 Pool fire Fire ball and physical over pressure models



Table 7.9 Damage criteria

Heat Radiation Explosions Toxic Gas Dispersion

Incident Flux

KW/m2 Damage

Peak overpressure

(bar) Damage

37.5 100% lethality, Heavy damage to equipment

0.3 Heavy -

90%

The extent of damage depends upon the concentration of the toxic compound in the atmosphere. The relation between percent of injuries and the toxic load is normally given in the form of probity function.

25.0 50% lethality, non piloted ignition

0.03 Damage of

glass

12.5 1% lethality, piloted ignition

0.01 Crack of windows

4.5 Not lethal, 1 st degree burns

1.6 No discomfort even after long exposure

Table 7.10

Radiation exposure and lethality Radiation Intensity

(KW/m2) Exposure Time

(seconds) Lethality (%) Degree of Burns

1.6 -- 0 No Discomfort even after long exposure

4.5 20 0 1 st 4.5 50 0 1 st 8.0 20 0 1 st 8.0 50 <1 3 rd 8.0 60 <1 3 rd

12.0 20 <1 2 nd 12.0 50 8 3 rd 12.5 -- 1 -- 25.0 -- 50 -- 37.5 -- 100 --



Table 7.11

Damage due to peak over pressure Human Injury Structural Damage

Peak Over Pressure (bar)

Type of Damage Peak Over

Pressure(bar) Type of Damage

5.00 – 8.00 100% lethality 0.3 Heavy (90% damage) 3.50 – 5.00 50% lethality 0.1 Repairable (10% damage) 2.00 – 3.50 Threshold lethality 0.03 Damage of Glass 1.33 – 2.00 Severe lung damage 0.01 Crack of Windows 1.00 – 1.33 50% Eardrum rupture - -

Source: Marshall, V.C. (1977) ' How lethal are explosives and toxic escapes'. 7.9 POOL FIRE ANALYSIS OF HSD TANKS FOR STAGE II & STAGE III The detailed computations of FETI (Fire and Explosion, Toxicity Index) for HSD (High Speed Diesel) at proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. The capacities of HSD storage tanks are given in Table 7.5. The Health (Nh), Flammability (Nf), Reactivity (Nr), and MF (Material Factor) for all the materials under consideration was derived from NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) codes. The GPH (General Process Hazard Factor) and SPH (Specific Process Hazard Factor) was calculated accordingly. Based on F&EI (Fire and Explosion Index), the HSD fall under light degree of hazard category and nil toxicity. Thus Risk Assessment and Hazard analysis has been carried out due to fire hazard for HSD storage tanks by carrying out MCA (Maximum Credible Accident) analysis.

Table 7.12

F&EI and TI of fuels used for the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III

Chemical/Fuel NFPA

Classification GPH SPH *F&EI F&E Category **TI Toxicity

category Nh Nf Nr MF HSD 0 2 0 10 1.1 1.5 52.5 Light - -

*FEI = MF *(1+GPH) * (1+SPH) ** TI = Th+Ts/100 (1+GPH+SPH) Th = Health Factor Ts = Supplement for MCA



7.9.1 Damage distance computations for MCA (Maximum Credible Accident) analysis

The major hazards scenarios identified for the possibility of occurrence are mainly concerned with HSD Storage tanks for both phases. 7.9.2 Pool Fire of HSD Storage Tanks for Stage II & Stage III A storage tanks of HSD with a capacity of 25 MT for Stage II & 50 MT for Stage III is considered for the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA . Tank fire would occur if the radiation intensity is high on the peripheral surface of tanks leading to increase in internal tank pressure. Pool fire would occur when fuel oil collected in the dyke due to leakage gets ignited. As the tanks are provided within the dyke the fire will be confined within the dyke wall. Stage II (25 MT) SOURCE STRENGTH: Burning Puddle / Pool Fire Puddle Diameter: 2.5 meters Puddle Volume: 5 cubic meters Flame Length: 8 meters Burn Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour Burn Rate: 25.3 kilograms/min Total Amount Burned: 1519 kilograms THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire - From Source < 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (37.5 kW/ (sq m) (100% lethality due to Exposure of Radiation & Heavy Damage (90%) to the Equipment) From Source < 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (12.5 kW/ (sq m) (1% lethality & Crack of Windows) From Source - 16 meters --- (2.0 kW/ (sq m) (No Discomfort even after long exposure)



Stage III (50 MT) SOURCE STRENGTH: Burning Puddle / Pool Fire Puddle Diameter: 5 meters Puddle Volume: 10 cubic meters Flame Length: 13 meters Burn Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour Burn Rate: 101 kilograms/min Total Amount Burned: 6077 kilograms THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire is From Source < 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (37.5 kW/ (sq m) (100% lethality due to Exposure of Radiation & Heavy Damage (90%) to the Equipment). From Source - 13 meters --- (4.5 kW/ (sq m) (1% lethality & Crack of Windows) From Source - 31 meters --- (2.0 kW/ (sq m) (No Discomfort even after long exposure) 7.10 HYDROLOGICAL AND GEO-HYDROLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE PROJECT AREA The proposed industrial park at Vasanthanarasapura is divided into three Stages viz. Stage-I, Stage-II and Stage -III. The present study and the report are pertaining to Stage -II & Stage III only. It is having an extent of about 1263.78 acre (511.45 ha) and 1598.04 acre (646.7 ha) respectively. Geological and Hydro geological studies were conducted within the proposed site to evaluate the hydrogeological setting of the study area. The study is mainly oriented towards the topographical conditions, rainfall, existing natural drainage, planning of storm water drains, geological and geomorphological setting along with the proposal of suitable artificial recharge structures for improvement of ground water in and around the proposed industrial park.



7.10.1 Topography

Topographically the study area and its surroundings are representing an undulated terrain with well developed natural drains at several locations. The land elevation is progressively increasing from western margin to eastern margin of the proposed industrial park Stage -II. Similarly in Stage -III the northern part is having similar topographical features like Stage -II. Whereas the north-south narrow stretch of industrial park area is having higher elevations all along the western margin and the lower elevations along the eastern margin with general slope from west to east. The maximum elevation in Stage -II is present at northeastern part of the site with RL 846m. The lowest elevation is present at northwestern corner and central part of western margin of the proposed Stage -II area wherein the RL is representing 802m. Similarly in Stage -III, the maximum and minimum elevations are RL 852m and 811m respectively. They are located towards north-central part and northwestern corner of the site respectively. The detailed topographical map along with 1m/0.5m contour interval is given in Annexure-6.

Figure 7.1 View of Topographical expression of the site



7.10.2 Geology The Vasanthanarasapura industrial park site and its surroundings exposes mainly rock types belonging to the Peninsular Gneissic Complex (PGC) and younger intrusive (Closepet Granite and basic dykes). The PGC is represented by migmatite, gneiss and other granitoids. small enclaves within the PGC comprise amphibolites, ultramafics and banded ferruginous chert. There are three prominent lineaments in ENE-WSW, NW-SE and N-S directions in the study area. The Closepet granite in southern India, is a large (400 km long but only 30km wide) elongate Late Archean granitic body. The Closepet granite was emplaced syn-tectonically within an active strike-slip shear zone. Structural levels from deep crust to upper levels crop out. Despite local petrographic heterogeneities, a physical continuity of the porphyritic granite can be observed all over the closepet structure. Consequently, the Closepet granite appears as a single magmatic body. Differential erosion has exposed it from the lower to upper crust. The Peninsular Gneiss composed of dark biolite gneiss of granitic to granodioritic composition containing streaks of biolite is composite gneiss formed by migmatization of pre-existing meta-sedimentary and meta-igneous rocks. It acts as the basement on which the supra-crustal rocks of the Dharwar Super Group were deposited; these gneisses show the same style and sequence of superposed deformation as those in the enclaves of metamorphic rocks. 7.10.3 Hydrogeology The proposed site is covered with hard rock formations such as Granites & gneisses. Basic dykes intrude the above formations at places. Several structural controls observed in the form of fractures or lineaments. The occurrence and movement of ground water is controlled by weathered zone and fractures and fissures that exist in hard rocks. Ground water occurs in weathered and jointed zones of gneisses, granites in unconfined or water table conditions where as it occurs in semi confined to confined conditions in fractured formations at deeper depths. The yield range weathered formation is 10 to 50 m3/day. Due to over exploitation in many pockets, this zone is getting dried up gradually. Semi confined to confined aquifer is formed due to fractures in hard formations at deeper depths. This aquifer system is developed by bore wells ranging in depth up to 200m. The wells are yielding moderate to poor yields. It is observed that the depth to ground water level during pre monsoon is more than 20 m bgl. During post monsoon depth to water level ranges from 15 to 20 mbgl.



Figure 7.2 Observation of Rock Outcrops existing within the Industrial Park



7.10.4 Natural Drainage The drainage network of an area is principally governed by the topography of the land, whether a particular region is dominated by hard or soft rocks, and the gradient of the land. Since the study area is located on an upland area with respects to its surrounding environs, several first order streams originating at this location and forming the most common form of drainage system called dendritic system. All the existing drains are moving to the down streams and connecting to the nearest surface streams. There are several surface tanks existing within the industrial park. Most of them are minor tanks connected with the nearest surface streams as catchment. There are two major tanks existing within the study area, one in Stage -II and another one in Stage-III. All the drains from the proposed site are draining to these tanks which in-turn flowing further down streams. The detailed maps of natural drainage system occurring within the industrial area for Stage-II & Stage III are presented in Annexure-7.

Figure 7.3 first and second order streams developed on the surface of the proposed site and draining to surface tanks



7.10.5 Rainfall The proposed site and its environs are falling in the Eastern dry agro climatic Zone. It experiences a semi-arid climate, characterized by typical monsoon tropical weather with hot summers and mild winters. December to April is the very low rainfall months. August and September are the wettest months with monthly rainfall between 150 and 200 mm. The rainfall occurs in nearly 45 days in a year. The pre monsoon period contributes about 21 %, the SW monsoon period contributes 54% and the NE monsoon period contributes 25%. The monthly & yearly rainfall of the study area along with rainfall graph is given below.

Table 7.13 Monthly and Annual Rainfall for Vasanthanarasapura Industrial Area

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Yearly

RF

1 Year Moving

Avg. 2008 0 38.8 92.6 14.9 94.6 77.8 139.1 216.8 135.8 118.2 26.7 0.6 955.9

2009 0.3 0 27.1 23.8 117.5 51.4 42.9 142 220.9 68.6 45.6 3.5 743.6 849.75 2010 6.6 0 6.3 79.8 114.9 74.6 127.6 164.5 109.8 118 179.5 0.1 981.7 862.65 2011 0 2.7 1.7 91.2 103.1 56.8 65.3 86.9 41.5 133.7 31.4 1.6 615.9 798.8 2012 0 0 3.1 118 37.7 17.2 40.6 146.3 72.1 38 85.7 1.7 559.9 587.9

Figure 7.4 Graphical representation of rainfall



7.11 STORM WATER DRAINAGE AND OUTFALL Project Area

Stage-II : 1263.78 acres Stage-III : 1598.04 acres Total Area : 2861.82 acres

= 2861.82 x 4047 = 11581785.54 m2 Average annual rainfall (occurred within 45 rainy days in a year) = 771 mm = 77.1 cm = 0.771 m Volume of rainwater within the site = 11581785.54 m2 x 0.771 m

= 8929556.65 m3 Volume of rainwater within the site in one rainy day = 8929556.65 m3/ 45 days

= 198434.59 m3 Capacity of storm water drains and collection sumps should be estimated for 2 continuous rainy days

= 198434.59 m3 x 2 days = 396869.18 m3

30% of the proposed study area in Stage III is sloping towards the surface tank at northeastern side and the entire storm water from Stage II ( about 50% of the total estimated storm water) can be diverted into the existing tank located in the central part of the site. The remaining 20% of the area is sloping towards eastern margin of the industrial park. Hence, the total storm water will be divided accordingly.

= 30% of 396869.18 m3 = 119060.75 m3 50% of 396869.18 m3 = 198434.59 m3 20% of 396869.18 m3 = 79373.84 m3

From the total estimated storm water 80% can be diverted in to the existing surface tanks the rest of the 20% should be collected into the proposed 3 UG sumps, the required dimension of UG sumps are Sump-1 (L x W x H) = 80m x 70m x 5m = 28000 m3 Sump-2 (L x W x H) = 80m x 70m x 5m = 28000 m3 Sump-3 (L x W x H) = 80m x 70m x 5m = 28000 m3

• These three UG sumps should be placed at the suitable location along the eastern margin of the site boundary.

• The total collected storm water should be treated and it can be used for gardening and artificial recharge through injection bore wells.

The detailed map for the diversion of storm water drain within the industrial area for Stage -II & Stage III are presented in Annexure-8.



7.12 ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE

The growing competition for water is increased attention to the use of artificial recharge to augment ground water supplies. Artificial recharge is a process by which excess surface water is directed into the ground—either by spreading on the surface, by using recharge wells, or by altering natural conditions to increase infiltration to replenish an aquifer. Artificial recharge is a way to store water underground in times of water surplus to meet demand in times of shortage. Artificial recharge control land subsidence caused by declining ground water levels, maintain base flow in some streams, and raise water levels to reduce the cost of ground water pumping. It is useful to think of the entire artificial recharge operation as a water source undergoing a series of treatment steps during which its composition changes. The constituents of potential concern depend not only on the character of the source water, but also on its treatment prior to recharge (pre-treatment), changes that occur as it moves through the soil and aquifer (soil-aquifer processes), and treatment after withdrawal for use (post-treatment). Based on the volumetric analysis of rainwater it is understood that, most of the storm water (about 80%) can be diverted into the existing surface tanks through storm water drainage network. The rest of 20% can be collected into the proposed three UG sumps for storage and reutilization of storm water. It is suggested to have several injection bore wells at suitable locations and the treated storm water should be infiltrated into these bore well for sustainable development of groundwater.



CHAPTER

Project Benefits 8.1 IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Agriculture is the basic sector of employment for the local people in this area. The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III shall lead to indirect employment opportunity. Employment desired during drilling period, garbage lifting, sanitation, afforestation works and other ancillary services. Employment in these sectors will be primarily temporary or contractual and involvement of unskilled labor will be more. A major part of this labour will be mainly from local villagers who are expected to engage themselves for project activities.

The following changes in socio-economic status are expected to take place with this project.

1. The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III shall have positive impact on consumption behavior by way of raising average consumption and income through effective Environmental Management System by Common Sewage / Effluent Recycling Systems.

2. The development of IA shall bring about changes in the pattern of demand from food to non-food items.

3. The treated water from CETP/CSTP can be used for land scape development and in process which influence indirectly for the economic growth of Industrial Area (IA).

4. Due to the corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, the socio economic condition of the people will be improved.

5. People perceive that the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III will help in the development of social infrastructures/such as.

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Education facilities Post offices and Communication facilities Medical facilities Recreation facilities Plantation and parks Community facilities

Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III development and consequent economic development should lead to improvement of environment through better living and greater social awareness. On the other hand, the proposed development of IA is likely to have several benefits like improvement in indirect employment generation and economic growth of the area, by way of improved infrastructure facilities and better socio-economic conditions.

8.2 IMPROVEMENT IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Due to the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III the following infrastructure development takes place:

1. Developments of roads 2. Lying of UGD lines. 3. Improvement in transportation facilities such as government buses. 4. Business Establishments. 5. Improvement in street lightings. 6. Improvement in water supply system.

8.3 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL –SKILLED; SEMI-SKILLED AND UNSKILLED

Indirect employment opportunities to local people in contractual works like transportations, sanitation, for supply of goods and services to the project and also other community services will be developed. 8.4 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS

Additional housing demand for rental accommodation will increase Market and business establishment facilities will also increase. Cultural, recreation and aesthetic facilities will also improve.



Improvement in communication, transport, education, community development and medical facilities.

Overall change in employment and income opportunity. The State Government will also benefit directly from the proposed development of

Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III through increased revenue from royalties, excise duty and stowing duty.

8.5 CONCLUDED BENEFITS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III is located in the rural backward region of the state. The site and surrounding is agricultural land. There are no protected forests, sanctuary, archeological important structures or other sensitive locations in the immediate vicinity of the IA.

The concept of Reduce, Recycle and Reuse shall be practiced in the proposed

development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III to conserve resources and minimize wastes.

The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III has taken all

the necessary preventive measures to mitigate even the small effects which may be caused by industrial activities. Therefore, the proposed project will not have adverse effect on the environment or the eco system.

The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III adopted an

effective environment management system and environment management plan to protect the environment. It includes development of peripheral green belt around the proposed IA to mitigate the air pollution and Greenery development by the member industries, storm water management / development of rain water harvesting structures for reuse, solid waste pertain to municipal and hazardous waste; water and wastewater management; safety and health care facility will be developed in the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III.

Environmental impacts of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage

II & Stage III have been thoroughly examined. Based on these impacts the mitigation measures and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will be incorporated along with establishment of the proposed IA. Considering the positive environmental conditions as



above the authorities can take decision to accord Environmental Clearance for the proposal.

8.6 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 8.6.1 Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), also known as Corporate Responsibility, Corporate Conscience, Corporate Citizenship, responsible business, Sustainable Responsible Business (SRB), or Corporate Social Performance, is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. Ideally, CSR policy would function as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby business would monitor and ensure its support to ethical standards and international norms. Consequently, business would adopt responsibility for the impact of its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, Communities, Stakeholders and all other members of the public sector. CSR focused businesses would proactively promote the public interest by encouraging community growth and development, and voluntarily eliminating practices that harm the public sector, regardless of legality. Public Corporations have legal responsibilities to maximize shareholder profits, but a shift in corporate mindset led by social expectations and pressure is causing business leaders to rethink their responsibilities with respect to corporate performance measured in terms of economic impact, Social Impact and environmental impact-commonly called the Triple Bottom Line. Essentially, CSR is the deliberate inclusion of public interest into corporate decision-making, and the honoring of a triple bottom line. Economic growth is possible only through consumption of inputs available in the environment and society. The harnessing of natural resources has a direct impact on the economy, the environment and society at large. CSR is a concept whereby organizations serve the interests of society by taking responsibility for the impact of their activities on customers, employees, shareholders, communities and the environment in all aspects of their operations. Thus CSR is a management’s commitment to operate in an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable manner, while recognizing the interests of its stakeholders. This commitment is beyond statutory requirements. CSR is, therefore, closely linked with the practice of sustainable Development. It extends beyond philanthropic activities and reaches out



to the integration of social and business goals. These activities need to be seen as those which would, in the long term, help secure a sustainable competitive advantage. 8.6.2 Planning The planning for CSR starts with the identification of the activities/projects to be undertaken. CSR projects/activities may be undertaken in the periphery where project management carries out its commercial activities as far as possible. Where this is not possible or applicable, than project management may choose to locate CSR projects anywhere in the country. However, specific CSR strategies will be developed that mandate the design of CSR Action Plan (Long-term, medium-term and short-term), with a shift from the casual approach to the project based accountability approach. The business plan under CSR shall be integrated with the social and environment concerns related to the business of the proposed project. Selection of activities under CSR would be made to ensure that the benefits reach the smallest unit i.e Village, Panchayat, Block or District depending upon the operations and resource capability of the proposed project. The approach to CSR planning will be shifted from an ad-hoc charity to a long-term sustainable approach. The Project Management’s monitoring skills available would be shared as far as possible, with the local administration by training and setting up required structures and systems. The long-term CSR Plan will match with the long term Business Plan. This will be broken down into medium term and short term plans. Each of these plans will be clearly specified the following

i) Requirements relating to baseline survey ii) Activities to be undertaken iii) Budgets allocated iv) Time-lines prescribed v) Responsibilities and authorities defined vi) Major results expected

However, these plans shall also clearly specify the implementation guidelines and the involvement of the implementing agency. The procedures and methodologies prescribed for monitoring shall be highlighted as well as the modalities of the concurrent and final evaluation. Finally, there would be a clear specification will be provided regarding mandatory documentation of the experience.



8.6.3 Identification CSR initiatives will be considered in the following parameters for identifications/selection of schemes/projects as per the stipulated guidelines:

i) Thrust will be given wherever possible to areas related to the business of the proposed

project as a natural corollary to the business. ii) Investment in CSR would be project based. Mere donations to philanthropic/charity or

other organizations would not come under the category of CSR. iii) CSR activities would generate community goodwill, create social impact and visibility. iv) For every project, the time-frame and periodic milestones would be finalized at the

outset. v) CSR activities also involve the suppliers in order to ensure that the supply-chain also

follows the CSR principles. vi) CSR activities help in building a positive image of the company in the public perception. vii) CSR projects may be closely linked with the principles of sustainable Development.

Based on the immediate and long term social and environmental consequences of their activities.

viii) Project management would take the shoulder responsibility for restoring/Compensating for any ecological damage that is taking place as a result of its operations.

ix) Care will be taken to ensure that work towards fulfillment of the National Plan goals and objectives, as well as the Millennium Development Goals adopted by our country, ensure gender sensitivity, skill enhancement, entrepreneurship development and employment generations by co-creating value with local institutions/people.

x) Project management will define their business continuity plan to factor in Hazards, risks and vulnerabilities. They would also create value in innovative social investments in the community and may focus on the areas of “Preparedness and Capacity Building” in Disaster Management (DM).

xi) Public-Private Partnership between the Government and the Central Public Sector could also be encouraged to leverage the strengths of the latter in Disaster Management. needs to network with the Ministries in Government of India/NDMA at the National Level and State Governments/SDMAs at the State Level to Strengthen and formalize their role in the DM process for ensuring preparedness of the communities towards disaster resilience.



8.6.4 Implementation and Funding During primary data collection in the study area it has been noticed that there are good number of unemployed local youth in the surrounding villages, an action plan will be proposed to train the local employable youth, so that after relevant training they will be employed in the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III based on the requirement of different stages. Financial help will be provided to local youth (tuition fees, hostel charges, books, examination fees, etc) of the study area in getting them trained in Industrial training institutes / centers, Polytechnics in various trades like Electricians, Plumbers, Fitters, driving, etc. An approximate amount of Rs. 11.0 Crore equivalent to 1% of the total project cost i.e., Rs.1100 Crore is earmarked towards CSR Activities on annual basis as given below –

S. No. Activities Covered Under CSR Fund Allocation in Rs. Crore (Annual)

1 Health 1.00 2 Education 1.75 3 Water 2.50 4 Physically challenged, widows, old aged persons 1.00 5 Infrastructure 3.75 6 Sports & culture activities 0.75 7 Miscellaneous 0.25

Total 11.00



CHAPTER

Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis

The potential Environmental Impacts envisaged from the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III are summarized below –

• Reduction in air pollution from common utilities & member industries of the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III.

• Reduction in water pollution by establishing CETP/CSTP in the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III & member industries will treat their effluents preliminarily and send to the CETP/CSTP for treatment and disposal and avoid discharging in inland surface water and on land.

In the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III shall develop a peripheral green belt in around the IA to minimize the disturbance in ecosystem due to various industrial activities. Member industries will also develop green belt around 15% in addition to the green belt proposed to develop in the Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III by the developer. Greenbelt has been developed in an eco-friendly manner to attain a healthy and clean environment in and around the IA to balance and restore the eco-system and reduce the pollutants. Plantation also contributes towards environmental improvement in the following areas. Hence we can adopt the International World Conservation Union (IWCU) classification or as per National

9



Legislation guidelines given by Government of India (GOI) & Ministry of Environment & Forests (MOEF).

• Prevent spreading fugitive dust and other atmospheric pollutants in the nearby areas. • Provide vegetative cover. • Serve as noise attenuator. • Increases the aesthetics of the surrounding; and • Provide resting, feeding and breeding site for fauna.

The lists of species recommended by local convention body, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). There by increase in fertility of soil during the green belt development program. The surrounding plantations depicted the positive impacts of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & III. Hence there should be no other impacts in the surrounding environment. Reuse of treated wastewater again in the Process/Plantation which reduces the requirement of fresh water.



CHAPTER

Environmental Management Plan 10.1 INTRODUCTION The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III needs to be intertwined with utilization of natural resources within the limits of permissible assimilative capacity. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development in the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. Hence, it needs proper Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to meet these objectives. The Environmental Management Plan is an action plan aiming to control pollution at the source level to the possible extent with the available and affordable technology followed by treatment measures before they are discharged. It encompasses the mitigation measures that are proposed in order to synchronize the economic development of the study area with the environmental protection of the region. 10.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTIONAL STAGE The impacts during the constructional Stage of the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III on the environment would be basically of temporary in nature and are expected to reduce gradually on completion of the constructional activities. 10.2.1 Air Quality Mitigation Measures For the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, levelling and grading will be carried out, where ever possible to maintain the natural elevations they will not be disturbed, only levelling activity will be carried out for providing roads, sewage network,

10



storm water system, and places required for providing buildings for administrative, production/manufacturing plant and other utility erections. According to the engineering assessment; most of the excavated material shall be reused within the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. Most of the construction dust will be generated by the movement of carrying vehicles on unpaved roads. Unloading and loading of constructional materials shall also act as a potential source for dust nuisance. The control measures proposed to be taken up are given below.

1 Water sprinkling on main haul roads in the proposed development of IA will be done, this activity will be carried out at least twice a day, if need arises frequency will be increased on windy days, in this way around 50% reduction on the dust contribution from the exposed surface will be achieved.

2 The duration of stockpiling will be as short as possible as most of the material will be used as backfill material for the open cut trenches for road development.

3 Temporary tin sheets of sufficient height (3m) will be erected around the proposed site for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III as barrier for dust control.

4 Tree plantations around the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III boundary will be initiated at the early stages by plantation of 2 to 3 years old samplings using drip irrigation so that the area will be moist for most part of the day.

5 All the vehicles carrying raw materials will be covered with tarpaulin / plastic sheet, unloading and loading activity will be stopped during windy period.

6 To reduce the dust movement from civil construction site to the neighbourhood the external part of the building will be covered by plastic sheets

Given the implementation of proper control measures for dust suppression, no adverse impacts are expected and compliance with the Ambient Air Quality is achieved at ASR’s (Air pollution Sensitive Receivers) at all time. 10.2.2 Water Quality Mitigation Measures During the development of proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III necessary precautions will be taken, so that the runoff water from the proposed site gets collected to working pit and if any over flow is, will be diverted to nearby greenbelt / plantation area.



At the time of construction in the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, all the equipments washed water will be diverted to working pit to arrest the suspended solids if any and the settled water will be reused for constructional purposes, and for sprinkling on roads to control the dust emission, etc. The waste generated from the proposed project site work shop of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, will be segregated like used oil, lubricants, etc and disposed to authorized recyclers the waste like soiled cotton, paper, etc will be disposed to municipal bins or sold out to the authorised agencies. The domestic wastewater generated from temporary toilets used by the work force will be treated through sewage treatment plant and reused. Therefore, impact on water quality due to the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III would be insignificant. 10.2.3 Noise Mitigation Measures

Noise generating equipment will be used during day time for brief period of its requirement. Proper enclosures will be used for reduction in noise levels, where ever possible the noise generating equipment will be kept away from the human habituation. Temporary tin sheets of sufficient height (3m) will be erected around the noise generating activity or all around the proposed site for development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III as barrier for minimizing the noise travel to surrounding areas. Therefore, impact on noise environment due to proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III would be insignificant.

All vehicles entering into the proposed site for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III will be informed to maintain speed limits, and not blow horns unless it is required. Personal protective equipment like earmuffs, helmets covering ears would be provided to the workers working near noise generating equipment and would see that workers use the protective gadgets regularly. 10.2.4 Solid Waste Mitigation Measures

The solid waste generated during constructional period being predominantly inert in nature, construction and demolition waste does not create any chemical or biochemical pollution. However maximum effort would be made to reduce, reuse and recycle them. The most of the



solid waste material will be used for filing/ levelling of low-lying areas. All attempts will be made to stick to the following measures.

1. All construction waste shall be stored within the proposed site for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III itself. A proper screen will be provided so that the waste does not get scattered.

2. Attempts will be made to keep the waste segregated into different heaps as far as possible so that their further gradation and reuse is facilitated.

3. Materials, which can be reused for purpose of construction, levelling, making roads/ pavement will also be kept in separate heaps from those which are to be sold or land filled.

4. The local body or a private company may be arranged to provide appropriate number of skip containers/ trolleys on hire.

The use of the construction material basically depends on their separation and conditions of the separated material. A majority of these materials are durable and therefore, have a high potential for reuse. It would, however, be desirable to have quality standards for the recycled materials. Construction waste can be used in the following manner.

1. Reuse of bricks, tiles, stone slabs, timber, piping railings etc to the extent possible and depending upon their conditions.

2. Sale/ auction of materials which cannot be used at the proposed site for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III due to design constraint.

3. Plastics, broken glass, scrap metal, used cement bags, etc can be sold out to the authorised agencies.

4. Rubble/ brick bats can be used for building activity, such as levelling, under coat of lanes where the traffic does not constitute heavy moving loads.

5. Larger unusable pieces can be sent for filing up low lying areas. 6. Fine material such as sand, dust, etc can be used as cover material 7. The unearthed soil can be used for levelling as well as for lawn development 8. The broken pieces of the flooring material can be used for levelling in the building or

can be disposed off 9. The unused or remaining paints/varnishes/wood can either be reused or can be

disposed off to the authorised agencies.



10.2.5 Ecological Aspects For the proposed project site for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, no major vegetation is present and hence there will not be any negative impact on the existing plantation. However, the proponent is going for plantation along the boundary during construction activity. A comprehensive green belt programme will improve the ecological condition of the region. 10.2.6 Site Security Adequate security arrangement would be made to ensure that the local inhabitants and the stray cattle are not exposed to the potential hazards of construction activities. 10.3 MANAGEMENT DURING OPERATIONAL STAGE Necessary control measures will be undertaken at the design stage to meet the statutory requirements and towards minimizing environmental impacts. The design basis for all member industries will lay special emphasis on measures to minimize the effluent generation and emission control at source. The specific control measures related to gaseous emissions, liquid effluent discharges, noise generation, solid waste disposal etc. are described below: 10.3.1 Air Quality Management a) Reduction of emissions at source To control the dust particulates from the stacks to meet the MOEF standards through appropriate air pollution control equipments are proposed. To control SO2 and NOX emissions from DG set of member industries with sufficient height is proposed to meet the MOEF guidelines. b) Air pollution Control The main sources of air pollution from the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III are common Diesel Generator (DG) & process emissions. The common Diesel Generator (DG) being proposed & operated by common facilitator in the proposed



development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. The appropriate capacity of DG set calculated for total IA and kept as backup power during power failure & emergency purposes. The air pollution control measures to be adopted are summarized in Table 10.1.

Table 10.1 Air Pollution Control Measures

S.No. Air pollutant Source Control

As Common Facilities

1 PM10/PM2.5/SO2/NOX & CO

DG Set Stack height and air pollution control equipments meeting MoEF

At Individual Industry

2 Process Emissions

Of Member Industries /

Fugitive in nature during material flow

Standardization of Equipments and accessories (Engineering Standards)

2 PM10/PM2.5/SO2/NOX & CO

Boilers Of Member

Industries

(If there is requirement)

Stack height and air pollution control equipments meeting MoEF

Particulate Emissions

The Permissible AAQ standard as per Ministry of Environment and Forests for Industrial, Residential and other areas are 60 µg/m3 for PM - (<2.5 µM ) and 100 µg/m3 for PM - ( 10 µM ) using Respirable/Fine Dust Sampler (RDS) by gravimetric method.

The common DG Set & Boiler activities (If there is requirement) of member industries operating in the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, as part of an agreement - must include the provision air pollution control equipments to attain the prescribed limits of CPCB /SPCB for Particulate Matter (<2.5 & 10 µM ).

Control of sulphur dioxide emissions

To minimize the sulphur dioxide emission on ambient air, the stack height for letting of flue gases at safe dispersion height has to meet the standards laid down by MoEF. The majority source of SO2 emission will be due to due to DG set and boiler operations (If there is requirement) by the member industries.



10.3.2 Water and Wastewater Quality Management a) Water Management The source of water for the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III is Hemavathi River to Kuppor Tank which is 20 km S from proposed site. The major part of this water will be supplied to the member industries used for cooling purpose and the minor part of this water will be used for domestic requirement. b) Wastewater Generation It is necessary/recommended to install full-fledged treatment plant for treating the industrial effluents and sewage generated by the member industries & from common utilities in the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. But all the upcoming member industries may be small and medium and not having their financial capacity to install full-fledged treatment plant, they are discharging their substandard effluent on land and due to that the problems ground water pollution in the said area may be created. Hence, it is necessary/recommended to install Common Effluent and Sewage Treatment Plants (CETP/CSTP) for treating the industrial effluents and sewage generated from such type of small and medium scale industries. A Common Effluent and Sewage Treatment Plants (CETP/CSTP) has been conceptualized and recommended for effective treatment and disposal of effluents from the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III to meet the statutory requirements for disposal and reuse. 10.3.3 Rain Water Harvesting and Storm Water Management All along the road network and along the boundary wall of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, storm water drains would be provided to collect water during rains. The storm water drain would be adequately sized to prevent flooding of the site, the storm water drains would contain check dams at appropriate distances to retain water for maximum in filtering of the rainwater into ground so that the aquifer can get maximum recharge. It is also proposed to have rainwater harvesting structures for recharge of roof top rainwater and rain water of paved surface at adjacent of respective buildings. Treatment for silt, oil & grease removal will be provided to rainwater harvesting recharging pit, the required quantity of the treated rainwater will be diverted into fresh water storage tank. The overflow



from the harvesting pit and storm water of road / open space will be collected through road side storm water drains and left into natural drain. Under CSR activity to improve the recharging capacity of the aquifer greenbelt development and construction of check dams along the natural drains will be taken up. 10.4 NOISE LEVEL MANAGEMENT All the noise generating equipments in the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III must be designed not to exceed the noise levels 85-90 dB (A) as per the OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Standards.

The equipments shall be provided with acoustic shields or enclosures to minimize the sound level inside the member industries of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. The greenbelt will be developed to prevent noise generation beyond the IA or boundary.

The following measures are suggested to keep the noise levels within the permissible standards in member industries.

− Noise barriers will be placed around the stationary noise generating equipment of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III and also along the side of moving objects

− All noise generating machines like pumps, compressors, etc shall be properly serviced and mounted on anti vibration pads to reduce the noise generation.

− The common DG set shall be provided by Acoustic enclosure. − Proper maintenance of transportation vehicles.

In addition to this, the entire open area and in the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III boundary shall be provided with adequate green belt to minimize the noise levels.

The proponents of member industries during operation of their plants would monitor the noise levels within and outside the plant on regular basis to attain national standards for air quality with respect to noise are strictly adhered to. Corrective action would be initiated immediately in case of any deviations are found during the course of monitoring.



10.5 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT The waste generated by the member industries / manufacturing units can be classified as

• Manufaturing Process Waste – May fall under the hazardous waste category • Waste from Utilities such as ash, paper & plastic and other packing waste • Pollution Control facilities- Primary ETP sludge etc.,

All the member industries coming up in the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, With respect to the category and type of waste, member industries will segregate and store the waste temporarly in an earn marked area, if required will utilize the services of the Common Hazardous Waste Management Facility (CHWMF) which is already existing near Dobaspet on NH 207. All the hazardous waste from member industries will be transported to CHWMF facility for treatment and for further safe disposal as per the statutory requirement and procedures. Safe storage and transportation of the produced solid and hazardous waste is the total responsibility of the member industry. Municipal Solid Waste would be collected and stored in an earn marked storage yard and further hand over to the authorized facility for treatment and disposal by the member industries & by the developer.

10.6 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT In order to comply with the MoEF guidelines for greenbelt development within the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, KIADB is planning to develop thick green belt of tall and evergreen plants @ 33 % along the periphery and on the either sides of the roads of the Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III and additional greenbelt will be developed under CSR activity in nearby open areas (Schools, gardens, along the roads, etc.). The width of the shelterbelt will vary from 5 to 20 m in different areas depending on the availability of land. The greenbelt with a density of about 2500 plants per hectare will be developed. If the area is suitable, three storey or three tier plantations are also planned.

KIADB will also instruct and make an agreement (MOU) with member industries to develop green belt @ 15% inside and along the periphery of the member industries. All plants are locally adapted and the present site can support their growth with suitable



horticultural practices. Sufficient space, resources and man power for development and maintenance are provided in the plan. Green belt development is one of the most effective environmental pollution control measure. Trees play vital role in the environment in preventing the horizontal dispersion of the pollutants to the surrounding areas. They are very effective in trapping the pollution causing agents viz. dust and gaseous pollutants. They are also considered to be excellent indicators of excessive ground level concentrations. The green belt is being proposed for the following objectives.

Mitigation of fugitive dust emissions Noise pollution control Prevention of soil erosion Balancing eco environment Aesthetics

Apart from the bulk plantation in vacant areas, roadside avenue plantations, parks will also be taken up. The placement of the plants would be designed as follows: Trees growing up to 10 m or more in height with thick canopy cover and perennial

foliage would be planted around the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III.

Planting of trees would be done in rows with minimum three rows encircling perimeter

of the installation. While planting the trees care would be taken that the installation structure would be difficult to see through foliage when seen from a point outside the green envelope. For preventing the horizontal dispersion of pollutants, if any, the trees planted in alternate rows would fall in straight line.

Trees would be planted on roadside for containment of vehicular traffic emissions and

fugitive emissions due to the movement of vehicles. Tree trunk being free foliage up to a height of 2 to 3 m, it is proposed to grow shrubs in

front of trees so as to give coverage to the open portion. Sensitive species like Mangifera indica would be planted in patches along the entire

green belt to work as an indicator of pollution potential.



10.7 FIRE PROTECTION SERVICES

Fire protection is one of the most essential services in the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III and Balancing Reservoir (BR) shall construct and maintain 45 days storage capacity as a fire reservoir.

The BR shall provide abundant water supply for firefighting purposes in case of any eventuality and avoid the construction of a dedicated underground water storage tank for fire protection purposes.

In addition to this, a fire protection station is recommended near the BR fire pumping station with two fire engines along with adequate fire protection personnel and other standard fire protection devices to attend to the fire calls from the industries within the estate.

All the member industries within the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III are expected to have their own unit/site specific fire protection system and the common fire protection system as additional backup and support required combating any eventualities due to fire accidents.

The fire fighting facilities listed above are planned for combating the emergency in the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. However during the allotment of lands/approvals for setting up of the units, the KIADB management shall follow the prospective unit/industry will comply with the guidelines laid down in the safety policy of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & III.



CHAPTER

Summary & Conclusion 11.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE NATURE OF THE PROJECT

The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura Industrial Area (IA) of Stage II& Stage III envisaged is an Industrial theme park with a vision of providing “Hassle free production environment” for IT/BT Precision & Electronic Industries, Garments and Food Processing/Chemicals, & Other General Industries Such as Engineering Industries like Machine parts, Automobile industry, etc.

The proposed site for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II& Stage III comprises of semi urban and rural environment. The area earmarked for the proposed project of Stage II& Stage III is about 1158.15 Ha (2861. 84 acre) of land. Presently the land is barren with degraded shrub in most of the area, while some land is also covered by agricultural activity. Out of 511.45 Ha (1263.78 acre) of land, 262.77 Ha (649.31 acre) of land has been reserved for industrial plots for Stage II. In addition to this at stage II, 59.52 ha (147.07 acre) reserved for SC/ST. In stage III, out of 312.12 Ha (771.27 acre), 144.71 Ha (357.58 acre) of land has been reserved for industrial plots. In addition to this at Stage III, 334.58 Ha (826.77 acre) of land has been reserved for IMA, KPTCL, KSSIDC, Integrated Park and Power Grid Corporation. The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II& Stage III and allocation of plots are detailed in the proposed layouts of Stage II& Stage III. The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA and allocation of plots for industries are detailed in the proposed layouts of Stage II & Stage III IA’s and the list of upcoming industries as on today are included in the report.

11



11.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT

KIADB identified the land and wanted to develop an industrial area with a purpose to promote an orderly development of industries in the state. Any activity aimed at development will have repercussions on the environment, both positive and negative. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is a management tool, which enables the proponent to identify the negative impacts and to mitigate the negative impacts through appropriate Environmental Management Plans. Hence KIADB as a part of the compliance to the regulatory requirement i.e. to obtain Environment Clearance (EC) from Environmental Appraisal Committee (EAC) / Ministry of Environment & Forests (MOEF), have appointed a consultant to carry out the studies for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. 11.3 NEED OF THE PROJECT

In order to improve the socio – economic status of the country “Development of Industries is a Must”

Due to the proposed development of industrial area of Stage II & Stage III at Vasanthanarasapura

1. There will positive impacts on the socio – economic status of the surrounding areas 2. More employment opportunities will be generated 3. Physical infrastructure development such as improvement to roads, UGD lines, street

lights etc will take place

Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, at this juncture will be welcomed by all the parties concerned, viz. IT/BT Precision & Electronic Industries, Garments and Food Processing/Chemicals, & Other General Industries Such as Engineering Industries like Machine parts, Automobile industry, etc. Keeping the Environmental Management as the focal issue right from the Industrial Area (IA) Layout stage will definitely herald a new era in the sustainable industrial growth in harmony with the environment. The development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III has a potential to prove that the Industrial development and environment protection can go hand in hand in contrast to the general feeling that the industrialization leads to pollution.



11.4 MITIGATION MEASURES

The following are the mitigation measures adopted for “the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III”.

1. Rejuvanation of tanks and implementation of rainwater harvesting ponds at the boundary of the tanks in order to recharge ground water table.

2. KIADB has instructed member industries to adopt rainwater harvesting systems to meet the water demand.

Air Quality During Construction Fugitive dust due to construction work and vehicle movement. Apart from the small scale, water spray would be considered to suppress the dust emission at site as well on road. During Operation DG set stacks and other process emissions are passed through appropriated air pollution control units/treatment systems and vented through stack meeting the CPCB standards. Effluents (Wastewater) Domestic effluents collected and treated in CSTP, the treated water will be used for

greenbelt development. Common effluents from the process of individual units will collected and treated in CETP,

partly reused and excess if any disposed as per the EC/CFE norms.

Solid Waste Solid waste would be segregated, collected and stored in an earn marked storage yard and

hand over to the CHWMF (Common Hazardous Waste Management Facility) for appropriate treatment and disposal.

Un burnt or contaminated oil would be collected and stored in drums for disposal to authorized purchaser.

Municipal Solid Waste would be collected and stored in an earn marked storage yard and further hand over to the authorized facility for treatment and disposal.

Metal Scrap would be collected and sold to the authorized purchaser.



11.5 OBJECTIVE & SCOPE OF THE STUDY The objective of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is to identify, predict, evaluate, and mitigate the biophysical and other relevant effects by the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, prior to the major decisions and commitments were made. These studies integrate the environmental concerns and mitigation measures into the project planning stages like basic design, detailed design, construction and operational phases of the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. Monitoring and feedback on Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), and training activities can be planned thoroughly and effectively with the help of these studies. To achieve the above objectives the following policy is recommended. 1 EIA to be prepared with base line data collection and making use of preliminary design

specifications/data of the proposed operations. 2 The findings and recommendations of the study are to be incorporated into the project

planning, design, conducting operations of the project. 3 The EIA will cover one season baseline environmental data, as per the guidelines of MoEF,

New Delhi. The scope includes collection of baseline data with respect to major environmental components, viz. Air, Noise, Water, Land, and Biological components for evaluation of environmental impacts to delineate Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

To control the adverse impacts, sound and safe environmental management plan has to be implemented by the proponent, which makes environmental protection as essential requirement along with profits due to the production. 11.6 PERIOD OF STUDY For the preparation of draft EIA report for the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III vide its Letter from MoEF, the baseline data was collected for one season (from December – 2012 to February - 2013) representing Winter Season (2012-13). Wind speed, wind direction and relative humidity were also collected on hourly basis. Minimum & Maximum temperatures were also recorded during the study period.



11.7 LAND DETAILS & MOU The land breakup for the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III is given in Table 11.1 and list of villages covered are given in Table 11.2. The salient features and the latitude and longitude of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III are depicted in Table 11.3. The Model MoU between member industries and the developer (KIADB) as to provide green area (15%) for each industrial plot and it is integrated in the MoU which is included in the draft EIA report.

Table 11.1

Land Use Analysis for the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III

S. No Description Area - Stage I** Area - Stage II Area - Stage - III

Ha Acre Ha Acre Ha Acre

1 Industrial 190.01 469.52 262.77 649.31 144.71 357.58

2 CA 15.75 38.92 14.05 34.72 15.43 38.12

3 Utility -- -- 11.60 28.66

4 Commercial -- -- 5.03 12.44 9.85 24.34

5 Residential -- -- 40.57 100.20 33.82 83.58

6 Park 36.79 90.91 68.96 170.41 45.47 112.36

7 Buffer 13.77 34.02 10.81 26.71

8 Truck Parking 28.55 70.55 22.56 55.75 15.60 38.56

9 Road 31.79 78.56 75.10 185.58 47.24 116.73

Total Area 316.66 782.48 511.45 1263.78 312.12 771.27 # Addition to this 59.52 ha (147.07 acre) reserved for SC/ST.




Other Allocations:

S. No Description Area - Stage III

Ha Acre

1 Indian Manufaturing Association 202.34 500.00

2 KPTCL 6.07 15.00 3 KSSDC 40.47 100.00 4 M/s Integrated Park Pvt Ltd.,

40.27 99.50

5 M/s Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd 45.43 112.27

Total Area 334.58 826.77 Note: Green belt development (30 mtr all along the boundary of the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of stage II & stage III & Member or Individual Industry 15%) will be developed

11.8 SALIENT FEATURES OF LOCATION & LANDSCAPE AREA DETAILS The area earmarked for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, which are located adjacent to the Stage I ( EC has been obtained vide ref to the Annexure 1), along the NH-4 & it is 70 Kms from Bangalore. The details of the proposed project location, lay out, satellite imagery (15 Km buffer) –Google, Satellite Imagery (LISS III) (10 Km buffer), topographical map (10 Km buffer) & Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (10 Km buffer) are included in the draft EIA report.

Table 11.2 List of Villages Covered under the proposed development of

Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III S. No Stage II Stage III

Village Name Area in Ha Village Name Area in Ha 1 Yaladalu 434 Vasanthanarasapura 22.27 2 Nagenahalli 68.4 Kempanadodderi 50.60

Batsandra 112.00 Kenchanahalli 19.83 Sangenahalli 140.63 Thippedasarahlli 150.20 Buvajanahalli 100.00 Kempadalihalli 4.1 Doddanapalya 4.45

Total 502.4 Total 604.11



For the development of IA Stage II 79.77 Ha (197.12 Acre) & for stage III 45.47 Ha (112.36 Acre) of land will be utilized for landscape/green belt development and it will be further extended based on statutory requirement. Landscape/green belt development areas proposed are: Along the boundary of the proposed project site & along the roads. Around CETP/CSTP Between industrial plots (member industries)

The ROW of roads would also accommodate a small extent of greenery. Apart from the green areas, the prospective industrial units (member industries) will also develop greenbelt within the project area and develop green belt along the periphery and along the roads, ETP, STP etc.,



Table 11.3 Salient features of the proposed site for the development of


Latitude / Longitude Stage II Latitude N Longitude E


Stage III Latitude N Longitude E


Topographical map No. 57 C/14, 57 C/15, 57 G/2, 57 G/3

Elevation Stage II (802-846 m) Stage III (811-852 m)

Water Requirement 4000 KLD (4.0 MLD) (Source Hemavathi River to Kuppor Tank which is 20 km S from site)

Power Requirement 216000 KW (216 MW)

Manpower requirement 145000 Persons

Waste Water Generation 2380 KLD (2.38 MLD)

Nearest Railway Station/Airport Tumkur Railway Station 20 Km (E) Bengaluru International Airport 100 Km (SE)

Nearest Highway Connected to NH – 4 1.0 Km (W)

Nearest Town/City Tumkur 20 Km (E) Nearest Habitation Kachenahalli 0.5 km (E) - 35 houses



Figure – 11.1 Location details of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III



11.9 WATER AND POWER REQUIREMENT The main raw materials required for the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III are water and power. The details of the water and power and its source are given in Table 11.4 & Figure 11.2 shows the water distribution system for Stage I, II & III.

Table 11.4 Details of Water and Power Requirement

S.No Material Requirement For Stage I**

Requirement For Stage II & III

(Proposed)

Source

1 Water Demand (MLD)

5.0

4.0

(Source Hemavathi River to Kuppor Tank which is 20 km S

from site) 2 Power Demand

(KW) 5000 216000 KPTCL

3 Backup Power (KW)

1500 2250 DG SET (1+1)


To meet the emergency requirement of the power during power failure a DG of 1500 KW for Stage I ; 2250 KW for Stage II &III in 1+1 mode are proposed and operated after establishment of the proposed project, HSD will be used as fuel, the fuel required will be procured from the local market, the fuel requirement will be around 470 & 589 Liters/hour.

Figure 11.2 Water Distribution System



11.10 WATER AND WASTE WATER GENERATIONS The total water required and wastewater generated for the development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III is given in Table 11.5 and represented pictorially in Figures 11.3 – 11.4.

Table 11.5

Water Requirement and Wastewater Generation - (MLD) S.No Utility Water Requirement

Stage I** Wastewater generation Stage II & III (Proposed)


Water 1 Industrial

Units 1.90 0.59 1.52 1.31 2.00 0.62 1.52 1.38







Figure 11.3 Water Balance Diagram (Stage I**) ** Note: Stage 1: Environmental Clearance has been obtained from SEIAA, Karnataka


Figure 11.4 Water Balance Diagram (Stage II & Stage III)



Water demand for the proposed project is 4000 KLD (4 MLD). Water source for the proposed project is Hemavathi Canal. Water distribution system for the proposed project is as shown in the flow chart Figure 11.2. 300 mm & 250 mm DI pipes will be used as rising mains to pump water from jack well to WTP and from WTP to Vasanthanarasapura Industrial Area GLSR. 150 mm DI pipes will be used as distribution pipes to supply water from GLSR to individual industries at Anthrasanahalli Industrial Area & Satyamangala Industrial Area.

11.11 MAN POWER The majority of the work force will be employed from the nearby villages for operational maintenance of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II &III. The break-up of the manpower requirement is shown in Table 11.6.

Table 11.6

Manpower Requirement S.No Type Number of

Persons Remarks

Stage I**

Stage II & Stage III

(Proposed) 1 Managers, Executive, staff 35550 145000 Preference will be

given to employ from nearby villages

2 Skilled / unskilled workers Total 35550 145000


11.12 ROAD NETWORK As the industrial area is adjacent to the National Highway 4, a 30 m wide central road with median is proposed for main entry into the layout. For smooth flow of traffic in the layout 18 m wide roads are proposed as arterial roads. 11.13 TRAFFIC PROJECTION The transport demand is a function of Land use. The entire area is proposed to be developed in phases according to demand. To arrive at future traffic and design capacity of compatible roads, junctions, parking and public transport facilities, following assumptions have been made.



125 workers for one Ha are calculated. This industrial assumption is also validated from the information extracted from the forms submitted by industrialist for possible allotment of industrial land. Profiles of the workers are assumed as follows; Executive Cadre

Top management: 5% of total workers Middle management: 10% of total workers Lower management: 15% of total workers

Non-executive • Skilled workers : 35% of total workers • Unskilled workers :35% of total workers • Goods imported and exported : 0.01 Tonnes/sqm/day • Peak hour factor : 12% of daily traffic • Congestion Factor : 50% of peak Traffic

The transport demand is a function of land use. The land use will be developed in stages and it has been taken from the approved plan of Industrial area and it will be used for traffic demand projections. Some broad assumptions have also been made about trip generating potential of the various land uses in different horizon years. The attraction to the study area from surrounding areas is based on assumptions. Some of the broad assumptions are as follows

Travel Demand for the Year 2020 Total trip likely to be generated in the industrial area = Per capita trip rate x Population (Based on appx.125 persons/Ha.) =1.2 X 145000 X 0.89 (developed area 89 %) = 154860 Work trips internal (70%) = 108402 Other trips from internal to the external industrial area (30%) = 46458 Total through trips on existing road tentatively destined from internal Industrial area (30% of 46458) to the external = 2000 per day (80 PCU/hr)



11.14 EFFLUENT CONVEYANCE SYSTEM

Sewage generation from the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, has been assumed as 80% of the domestic water demand. Sewage and industrial effluents will be collected through separate network of pipes planned along either sides of road. From the pipes sewage and industrial effluents will reach Common Effluent & Sewage Treatment Plants for treatment & disposal. Tertiary treated water will be supplied to the cooling towers for member industries and for gardening purpose.

11.15 COMMON WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS

Appropriate area of land has been earmarked for CETP & CSTP in the proposed site of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. The CETP & CSTP will be designed based on the effluent characteristics and quantity. Adequate treatment units will be provided to ensure that the treated effluent meets the prescribed CPCB/SPCB standards. The member industries will also treat their effluents preliminarily to meet the stipulate standard as prescribed by the CETP/CSTP which are constructing in the industrial area of Stage II & III.

11.16 STORM WATER MANAGEMENT

The ground is very undulating & terrain is flat with a gentle slope. While designing storm water drainage system, all these factors will be considered. Storm water drains will be planned along the sides of the roads to collect the surface run – off water from the roads and make a plan that the surface water from the drains will be led into natural valleys.

11.17 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT All industries coming up in the proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, if required will utilize the services of the Common Hazardous Waste Management Facility (CHWMF) which already exists in the near Dobaspet on NH 207. All the hazardous waste from member industries will be transported to CHWMF facility for treatment and for further safe



disposal as per the statutory requirement and procedures. Safe storage and transportation of the produced solid and hazardous waste is the total responsibility of the member industry. Municipal Solid Waste would be collected and stored in an earn marked storage yard and further hand over to the authorized facility for treatment and disposal by the member industries & by the developer. 11.18 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

The baseline data generation has been carried out for the month of Winter Season (2012-13). The baseline data generation with respect to meteorological conditions, air pollution levels, noise levels, water quality, soil quality were carried out and flora and fauna (secondary data) were collected during the study period. The predominantly wind is blown from E, ESE and ENE.

11.18.1 Air Quality The air quality monitoring locations were established and the results obtained are summarized below. The minimum and maximum level of PM (<2.5 & 10 µ size) were recorded in the study area ranging from 15.9 to 34.6 µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 23.4 µg/m3 to 34.4 µg/m3 for 2.5 µ. and 36.1 to 60.3 µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 46.5 µg/m3 to 59.8 µg/m3 for 10 µ size particulates. The minimum and maximum level of SO2 were recorded in the study area was in the range of 10.3 µg/m3 to 24.8 µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 16.4 µg/m3 to 24.7 µg/m3. The minimum and maximum levels of NOx were recorded in the study area ranging from 12.9 µg/m3 to 31.2 µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 21.1 µg/m3 to 30.5 µg/m3. The 24 hourly average values of PM (< 2.5 & 10µ),SO2 &NOX were compared with the NAAQS – CPCB Standards (2009) and found that the recorded values in all sampling stations were within the applicable limits. The minimum and maximum levels of Ozone (O3) were recorded in the study area ranging from 8.1 µg/m3 to 26.4 µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 16.3 µg/m3 to 25.7 µg/m3.



The minimum and maximum levels of Carbon Monoxide (CO) were recorded in the study area ranging from 0.225 mg/m3 to 0.767 mg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 0.455 mg/m3 to 0.744 mg/m3. The 24 hourly average values of Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO) were compared with the NAAQS – CPCB Standards (2009) and it was found that the recorded values in all the sampling stations were within the applicable limits. 11.18.2 Noise Levels in the Study Area The values of noise observed in some of the rural areas are primarily due to vehicular traffic and anthropogenic activities. In rural areas wind blowing and chirping of birds would contribute to noise levels especially during the nights. Assessment of day and night noise levels were ranging between 52.3 to 55.7 dB(A) within the 10 km radius from the proposed project during the study period. The day equivalents during the study period were ranging between 52.7 to 56.5 dB (A) and the night equivalents were in the range of 40.8 to 43.2 dB (A) within the 10 km radius from the proposed project. From the results it was concluded that the day equivalents were high due to vehicular movement and other anthropogenic sources and the night equivalents were within the limits of Ambient Noise Standards of residential areas.

11.18.3 Water Quality The ground water and surface samples were collected and analyzed for important major and minor ions and the summary of the results obtained are presented below. The pH values of surface waters was found to be between 7.12– 8.92. The pH was varying for groundwaters 7.36 to 8.05 within 10 km radius from the proposed project. The pH values for all the samples collected in the study area during study period were found to be within the limits.

In ground water samples collected from the study area, the Total Dissolved Solids are varying from 340 mg/L to 1165 mg/L and surface water samples, and the Total Dissolved Solids for surface waters in between 105 - 365 mg/L. The TDS of all the samples were below the desirable limits.



The analytical chloride levels in surface waters was in between 105 mg/L to 365 mg/L, the Chloride levels in the ground water samples collected in the study area were ranging from 31 mg/L to 243 mg/L. All are within the desirable limits. In the ground water samples collected from the study area, the hardness is varying from 173 mg/L to 578 mg/L. The analytical hardness levels in surface waters in between 33 mg/L to 182 mg/L. All are within the desirable limits. The analytical flouride levels in surface waters was in between 0.29 mg/L – 0.46 mg/L, the groundwater samples of study area, fluoride value were in the range of 0.03 mg/L to 1.62 mg/L with in 10 km radius from the proposed project. All are within the desirable limits. Most of the heavy metals in all samples are below detectable limits. 11.18.4 Soil Quality

To study the type and characteristics of the soil, samples were selected to assess the existing soil conditions representing various land use conditions and geological features. The homogenized soil samples has been collected at identified locations and packed in a polyethylene plastic cover and sealed. The sealed samples were send to the laboratory for analysis and depicted the results.

The analytical results of the soil samples collected during the study period are summarized below. The pH values in the study area are varying from 6.90 – 8.82 indicating that the soils are falling in normal to saline class. The electrical conductivity in the study area is varying from 42 to 212 µ mhos/cm indicating that soils falling under Normal category. The available Nitrogen as N in the study area is varying from 459 to 668 kg/ha indicating that soils falling from medium to high range category.

In the study area available Phosphorus is varying from 51 to 158 kg/ha which indicates that all samples are falling in high range.

The available potassium in the study area is varying between 62 to 332 kg/ha in the study area, which indicates that all samples are falling from low to high category.



11.19 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Biological assessment of the study area around the proposed project, Vasanthanarasapura, Tumkur district was carried out in the month of February 2013. The assessment of flora and fauna was as per the MoEF guidelines. The main objective behind gathering information about the ecology and biodiversity of the study area was to assess the existing baseline ecological conditions in the study area, correlate it with the data available with the Dept. of Forests and develop mitigation measures for the possible impacts of the project to the existing ecology. Primary data generation through systematic studies was done through:

• Preparing a checklist of plants observed at the site. • Determining the bird population by taking random readings at every location. • Observing mammals, amphibians and reptiles through their calls, droppings, burrows,

pugmarks and other signs.

The compilation of the data for flora and fauna is appended. 11.19.1 FLORA The floral species observed by the Functional Area Expert during field survey are as follows: S. No. Botanical Name Common Name Local Name

1 Tamarindus indicus Tamarind Husane 2 Aegle marmelos Bael Bilvapatre 3 Mangifera indica Mango Mavu 4 Cocos nucifera Coconut Narikela 5 Ficus religiosa Peepal Arali 6 Azadirachta indica Neem Bevu 7 Borassus flabellifer Toddy palm Tale 8 Prosopis juliflora Prosopis Bellari jali 9 Bambusa stricta Bamboo Biduru

10 Ipomea spp Morning glory Kanti 11 Calotropis gigantea Giant milkweed Ekkamale 12 Syzygium cumini Jamun Nerula 13 Lantana camara Lantana Puchuli 14 Cassia occidentalis Senna Kolthogache 15 Albizia lebbeck Siris Bage 16 Emblica officinalis Gooseberry Nelli



17 Tectona grandis Teak Jadi 18 Callistemon viminalis Bottlebrush tree -- 19 Butea monosperma Flame of forest Muthuga

11.19.2 FAUNA The fauna species observed by the Functional Area Expert during field survey are as follows: a) Mammals

S.No. Zoological Name Common Name 1 Funambulus palmarum Squirrel 2 Rattus norvegicus Field mouse 3 Rattus rattus House rat 4 Herpestes edwardii Common mongoose 6 Bandicota bengalensis Bandicoot

b) Amphibians and Reptiles Amphibians are mainly in marshy places. Reptilian fauna is restricted to rocky areas and dense shrubs.

S.No. Zoological Name Common Name Amphibians

1 Rana tigrina Common Frog 2 Bufo melanosticus Toad

Reptiles 3 Calotes versicolor Common garden Lizard 4 Chamaleon spp. Indian Chameleon 5 Ptyas mucosus Indian Rat Snake

c) Birds S.No. Scientific Name English Name/Local name Distribution

1 Corvus splendens House crow Common 2 Artamus fuscus Ashy Wood Swallow Rare 3 Hirundo rustica Common Swallow Common 4 Acridotheres tristicus Common Myna Common 5 Anthus similis Brown Rock Pipit Common 6 Milvus migrans Black kite Common 7 Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite Rare 8 Passer domesticus House Sparrow Rare



9 Saxicoloides fulicatus Indian Robin Common 10 Prinia socialis Ashy Prinia Common 11 Motacilla maderaspatensis Large Pied Wagtail Rare 12 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Common 13 Mesophoyx intermedia Median Egret Common 14 Psittacula Krammeri Rose ringed parakeet Common 15 Merops orinetalis Common Bee Eater Common 16 Malacocercus terricolor Babbler Common 17 Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper Rare 18 Ardeola grayii Pond Heron Common 19 Halcyon smyrnensis White breasted Kingfisher Common 20 Nectarinia zeylonica Purple-rumped Sunbird Common 21 Dicrurus macrocerus Black Drongo Rare 22 Lobpluvia malabaraica Yellow wattled Lapwing Rare 23 Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal Common 24 Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt Rare 25 Podiceps ruficollis Little Grebe Rare 26 Charadrius dubius Little Ringed Plover Rare 27 Phalacrocorax niger Little Cormorant Rare 28 Upupa epops Hoopoe Rare 29 Anas clypeata Northern Shoveller Rare 30 Threskiornis melanocephalus Oriental White Ibis Rare 31 Anas poecilorhyncha Spot-billed Duck Rare 32 Ibis leucocephala Painted Stork Rare 33 Ammomanes phoenicura Rufous-tailed Lark Common 34 Sturnia pagodarum Brahminy Starling Common

d) Butterflies Butterflies were observed and identified during the study period around agricultural fields and canal. S.No. Family Common name Scientific name

1 Papillionidae Crimson rose Pachliopta hector Lin. 2 Pieridae Mottled emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe 3 Nymphallidae Lemon Pansy Junonia lemonias 4 Small orange Tip Colotis etrida

e) Other Insects & Bugs S. No. Name of the Species

1 Dytiscus spp. 2 Nepa spp.



f) Wildlife Sanctuaries/National Parks/Reserve Forest areas As per the literature survey and working plan of Dept. of Environment, no Wildlife Sanctuaries or National parks exist in 10 km radius of the proposed industrial area. Few reserve forests such as Madhugiri RF 7.5 Km (NE), Badavanahalli RF 7.0 Km (N), Kavaragal RF 9.0 Km (E), Kolikal RF 7.0 Km (NE) , Reserve Forest 5.5 Km (S), Reserve Forest 8.0 Km (SE) exist in 10 km radius of the proposed industrial area. g) Endangered animals Based on the survey conducted, the study area does not have any living species which are endangered or threatened as per the IUCN Red list. 11.20 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM The main objective of environmental monitoring program is to check the efficacy of the EMP (Environmental Management Plan) and implementation and take corrective action needed. A well defined environmental monitoring program would be followed for the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III. It would be ensured that trained and qualified staff supervises the monitoring and sampling of ambient air, common DG set stack gases, common sewage and trade/Industrial effluents, noise etc. to see that prescribed standards laid down are obtained. The monitoring plan will be done in two phases

• Constructional phase • Operational phase

11.20.1 Constructional Phase The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III envisage the setting up of major components is mechanical and electrical equipments for common utilities.The constructional activities involve clearing of vegetation, mobilisation of constructional material and equipment. However, mobilisation of constructional material & equipment for excavation of earth etc. will be involved. The constructional activities are expected to last for a short



period. The generic environmental measures that need to be undertaken during project construction stage are given in the following Table: 11.7.

Table 11.7

Environmental Monitoring during Constructional Phase of proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III

Potential Impact




Air Emissions All equipments are operated within specified design parameters.



Vehicle trips to be minimized to the extent possible.


Any dry, dusty materials stored in sealed containers are prevented from blowing.

Stockpiles or open containers of dusty materials.


Compaction of soil during various construction activities

Construction logs Periodical Monitoring

Maintenance of DG set emissions to meet stipulated standards

Gaseous emissions (SO2, HC, CO, NOx)


Ambient air quality within the premises of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III to be monitored.

Gaseous emissions Particulate matter, SO2, NOx, and CO


Noise List of all noise generating machinery onsite along with age to be prepared.

Equipment logs, noise reading

Regular Monitoring

Night working is to be minimized.

Working hour records


Generation of vehicular noise Maintenance of records of vehicles




Potential Impact




Implement good working practices (equipment selection and siting) to minimize noise and also reduce its impacts on human health (ear muffs, safe distances, and enclosures).

Site working practices records, noise reading


No machinery running when not required. Acoustic mufflers / enclosures to be provided in large engines

Mufflers / enclosures shall be in place.

Prior to use of equipment.

Noise to be monitored within the plant premises.

Instant Noise levels will be recorded.

As per CPCB/SPCB requirement

Noise level will not exceed the permissible limit both during day & night times. All equipments operated within specified design parameters.



Vehicle trips to be minimized to the extent possible


Wastewater Discharge

No direct discharge of wastewater to be made to surface water, groundwater or soil.

No discharge hoses shall be in vicinity of watercourses.


The discharge point would be selected properly and sampling and analysis would be undertaken prior to discharge

Discharge norms for effluents as given in Permits


Take care in disposal of wastewater generated such that soil and groundwater

Discharge norms for effluents as given in permits



Potential Impact




resources are protected. Soil Erosion Minimize area extent of site

clearance, by staying within the defined boundaries

Site boundaries not extended / breached as per plan document.


Protect topsoil stockpile Effective cover in place.


Drainage and effluent Management

Ensure drainage system and specific design measures are working effectively. The design to incorporate existing drainage pattern and avoid disturbing the same.

Visual inspection of drainage and records thereof


Waste Management

Implement waste management plan that identifies and characterizes every waste arising associated with proposed activities and which identifies the procedures for collection, handling & disposal of each waste arising.

Comprehensive Waste Management Plan should be in place and available for inspection on-site. Compliance with MSW Rules, 1998 and Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling Rules), 2003


Non-routine events and accidental releases

Plan will be drawn, considering likely emergencies and steps required to prevent / limit consequences.

Mock drills and records of the same


Health Employees and migrant labour health check ups

All relevant parameters

Regular checkups



11.20.2 Operational Phase During operational stage of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III, continuous air emissions (Particulate Matter, SO2, and NOX emissions) and wastewater generation are expected. The following attributes which merit regular monitoring based on the environmental setting and nature of project activities are listed below:

• Source emissions and ambient air quality; • Groundwater Levels and ground water quality; • Water and wastewater quality (water quality, effluent & sewage quality etc); • Solid waste characterisation ( HW/MSW/CETP / CSTP sludge); • Soil quality; • Noise levels in and around the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of

Stage II & III (equipment and machinery noise levels, occupational exposures and ambient noise levels); and

• Ecological preservation and afforestation.

Table 11.8 Environmental Monitoring during Operational Phase of proposed Vasanthanarasapura IA

of Stage II & Stage III

S. No



1. Air Emissions Air emissions from DG sets

Gaseous emissions (Particulate Emissions)

As per CPCB/ SPCB requirement AAQ within the project

premises and nearby habitations (3 places at 120º) to be monitored.

PM10,PM2.5, SO2 & NOx

All vehicles to be PUC certificate.

Vehicle logs to be maintained

Once in six months

Meteorological data Wind speed, direction, temp., relative humidity and rainfall.


2. Noise Noise generated from operation of common utility machinery to be monitored

Spot Noise Level recording;

Periodical



S. No



3. Wastewater Discharge (CETP/CSTP)

Compliance to wastewater discharge standards

pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD & Oil& grease

Periodic or As per CPCB/ SPCB requirement

4. Solid waste/ Haz. waste

Check compliance to HWM rules

Quality & quantity monitoring

Periodical

5. Ground Water Quality and Water Levels

Monitoring ground water quality, around the proposed project site and levels

Comprehensive monitoring as per IS 10500 Groundwater level BGL

Periodical

6. Flora and fauna Vegetation, greenbelt / green cover development

No. of plants, species Once in a year

7. Soil quality Checking & Maintenance of good soil quality around the proposed project

Physico-chemical parameters and metals.

Once in a year

8. Health Employees and migrant labour health check ups of individual industries

All relevant parameters including HIV

Regular checkups

11.21 ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY EQUIPMENT The proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III may propose and maintain an in-house environmental laboratory for the routine monitoring / sampling of Air, Water, Soil, Meteorology, and Noise. For monitoring / sampling/analysis, the member industries / developer may utilize the services of in-house environmental laboratory and external laboratories as third party monitoring/sampling /analysis for their compliance. The In house laboratory equipments required for monitoring / sampling /analysis are listed in Table 11.9.



Table 11.9

List of Equipment proposed for Environmental Laboratory

Name of the Equipment No of Instruments

Manual or Automatic Weather Station, which can record wind speed, wind direction Temperature, Relative Humidity

1

Gaseous stack monitoring kit for SO2, NOx, Flue gas volume, Temperature and conventional monitoring kit for particulates

1

Air samplers with PM<10&<2.5 provision 3

Portable Flue Gas Combustion Analyser 1

Portable Noise level meter (Dosimeter) 1

Portable Wastewater Analysis Kit 1

Electronic Balance 1

11.22 ORGANIZATIONAL SETUP ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT A proposal recommending to the project proponent/developer, in setting up of organized structure for environmental management cell as General Manager (Environment) is directly responsible for Environmental Management of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III is given in Figure 11.5.

Figure 11.5.

Organizational Set-up for Environmental Management



11.23 REPORTING SCHEDULES OF THE MONITORING DATA The environmental monitoring cell shall co-ordinate all monitoring programs at site and data thus generated shall be regularly furnished to the State regulatory agencies. The frequency of reporting shall be done on the basis of statutory requirements to the local state PCB officials and to Regional office of MoEF or as per the conditions mentioned in CFE/CFO or EC. The Environmental Audit reports shall be prepared for the entire year of operations and shall be submitted to regulatory authorities. 11.24 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR EMP In order to comply with the environmental protection measures as suggested in the above sections, the management has made a budgetary provision for Environmental Protection and Safety measures. In capital cost of the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III Rs.1100 Crore, 10 % of capital cost i.e., Rs. 110 Crore will be allocated to Environmental Budget for Environmental Management /Environmental Mitigation Measures and 1 % of Environmental Budget i.e., 1.10 Crore will be as recurring cost are given in Table 11.10.

Table 11.10 Cost towards Environmental Mitigation Measures

S.No Particulars Details Environmental Budget

Capital Rs. In Crore

Recurring Rs. In Crore

1 Water Pollution Control

Common Effluent & Sewage Treatment plants (CETP & CSTP)

20.00

0.20

Drains, retaining wall, check dams, etc

Storm water drains Drains along roads

2 Air, Noise pollution control

Acoustics enclosures & Stacks 30.00 0.30

3 Pollution monitoring Laboratory testing equipment/ Environmental Monitoring equipments

0.25 0.0025

4 Safety & Health Fire Water Reservoir, Pumping Stations & Pipe Network Firefighting equipment

9.50 0.095



Personal protective equipment 0.25 0.0025 5 Green Belt Progressive Green Belt

Development plan/Green Belt development in and around the periphery of project

50.00 0.50

Total 110.00 1.10

11.25 IMPLEMENTATION AND FUNDING During primary data collection in the study area it has been noticed that there are good number of unemployed local youth in the surrounding villages, an action plan will be proposed to train the local employable youth, so that after relevant training they will be employed in the proposed development of Vasanthanarasapura IA of Stage II & Stage III based on the requirement of different stages. Financial help will be provided to local youth (tuition fees, hostel charges, books, examination fees, etc) of the study area in getting them trained in Industrial training institutes / centers, Polytechnics in various trades like Electricians, Plumbers, Fitters, boiler operators, driving, etc. An approximate amount of Rs. 11.0 Crore equivalent to 1% of the total project cost i.e., Rs.1100 Crore is earmarked towards CSR Activities on annual basis as given below –

S. No. Activities Covered Under CSR Fund Allocation in Rs. Crore (Annual)

1 Health 1.00 2 Education 1.75 3 Water 2.50 4 Physically challenged, widows, old aged persons 1.00 5 Infrastructure 3.75 6 Sports & culture activities 0.75 7 Miscellaneous 0.25

Total 11.00



CHAPTER

Disclosure of Consultants engaged The consultants for this proposed project are Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd, a Sci-Tech organization involved in areas of Environmental Consultancy, Waste Management and provision of Integrated Environmental Services to Industries and Industrial Parks.

The Company has over 2000 employees in various sectors of which over 600 employees are Post graduates and about 15 employees are Ph.D.s The present report was carried out under the guidance of:

Dr. B. Chakradhar, Ph.D., (Chemical Engineering) Mr.V.Vijay Kumar M.Sc., (Chemistry), M.Sc., (Envi. Science) Project team involved in this report is:

Dr.G. Dasaratha Ram, Ph.D., (Envi. Science) Mr.R.Venkateswarlu M.Sc., (RS & GIS) Mr.Hemanth Raj Kumar M.Tech. Mr.Faruqi M.Sc., Mr.Mallikarjuna Rao M.Sc., (Geology) Ms.Mooli Manasa Reddy M.Tech., Mr.K.Venkateswar Rao M.Sc., Mr.Madhu Atyam M.S., Mr.Girish M.Tech., Ms.Sushma M.Tech., Mr.Vishnu Vardhan Reddy M.Sc., P.V.K Chalapathy Rao Mr.Yelamanda Reddy B.Sc.,

12



The Analysis was carried out in Laboratory of Hyderabad Waste Management Project a subsidiary company under Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd which is recognized by Ministry of Environment and Forests vide notification dated 9th January 2008 as Environmental Laboratory Under the EP-Act 1986 (29 of 1986). Team involved in the Analysis of air, water, soil and other samples are: Mr. Madan Kumar Tiwary M.Sc., (Organic Chemistry) Ms. T. Rajini M.Sc., (Environmental Science) Y.Swathi M.Sc., (Chemistry)

Documents

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT …kspcb.kar.nic.in/PH/Vasanthanarasapura_EIAReport.pdfProposed Development of Stage II & Stage III Industrial Area at Vasanthanarasapura Tumkur