Dr Tyagi Lecture Presentn BBIT Enviro Final 12Feb10

8/7/2019 Dr Tyagi Lecture Presentn BBIT Enviro Final 12Feb10

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TLOHIN[\L_ EAR @LK_\RL@LIT AE ARFKINO

ZACC\TKIT_CNGL BLI]LIL % BLI]A(k.Z^RLIL

(% @LTKC_. NI K@BNLIT KNR

_)G)T^KFN# _ONLITN_T#

OLITRKC ZACC\TNAI OAITRAC BAKRD

(@NIN_TR^ AE LIUNRAI@LIT % EARL_T_.

Dlchn-;;: :?2

TRKNINIF ZRAFRK@L (_HART OA\R_L . AI

KZZRAZRNKTL NI_TR\@LIT_ % TLOHIN[\L_ EAR OA@ZC^NIF

VNTH ILV K@BNLIT KNR [\KCNT^ _TKIDKRD_

KT BBD NI_TNT\TL AE TLOHIACAF^ #FHK]NKBKD

ARFKIN_LD B^ LIUNRATLOH OLITRL EAR R%D#ILV DLCHN


2/84

OLITRKC ZACC\TNAI OAITRAC BAKRD

(@NIN_TR^ AE LIUNRAI@LIT % EARL_T_.

ZKRNUL_H BHKUKI#LK_T KRM\I IKFKR#

DLCHN-;;: :?2

Zrlsitktnai Oaulrs

Kba|t Clfnscktnai

Kba|t OZOB

Kba|t Ohkcclifls

Kba|t Arfkino Zacc|tkits

ZKHs % BTX- _k`zcnif %

Kikc~tnokc Tlohin{|ls

Kba|t KK[ _tkidkrds

Kba|t Nitlrulitnais %

_trktlfnls ta oaitrac K)Z)

_`kcc Lxlronsl


4/84

OZOB HLKD AEENOL# DLCHNOZOB HLKD AEENOL# DLCHN

G KI Z\ R G A CG K TK _H NCA I F BH A ZKCU K D A D K R K B K I F C A R L

\ttkr Zrkdlsh\ttkrkiohkcM k` | %Gksh nr#

Hn kohkcZrkdlsh#Z|imkb#Hkr~kik\T Dlchn

BnhkrBnhkr

M hkrghkidM hkrghkidArrnskArrnsk

_nggn_nggnVlst BlifkcVlst Blifkc\T Kidk ki\T Kidk ki

InoabkrInoabkr

Kssk`@kinz|r@lfhkck~k

@n}ark`IkfkckidTrnz|rk

@kdh~k@kdh~k

ZrkdlshZrkdlshRkmksthkiRkmksthkiOhkttnsfkrhOhkttnsfkrh

F|mrkt@khkrkstrk\T Dk ki#Dn| kid Dkdrk% IkfkrHkulcn

Kidhrk ZrkdlshKidhrk Zrkdlsh

FakFakGkriktkgkGkriktkgkGlrckGlrckTk ncikd|Tk ncikd|\T Ckgshkdvllz\T Ckgshkdvllz

\T\TZaidnohkr~Zaidnohkr~

]AIKC AEENOL_ AE OZOB

Aeenols ae OZOBAeenols ae OZOB

;6 @l`b lrs Faulrinif Bakrd

- Ohknr`ki# OZOB (E|cc Tn`l.- < era` O litrkc Faulri`lit

- ? era` _ZOB

- 2 era` caokc k|tharntnls

- ? era` encld ae kf rn)!enshlr~!nid|str~ ar trkdl

- 2 era` oa` zkinls ar oarzarktnai

- @l`blr _lorltkr~# OZOB (E|cc Tn`l.


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@l`blr_lorltkr~

@l`blr_lorltkr~

Ohknr`ki

Ohknr`ki

ZckiinifDnunsnai

ZckiinifDnunsnai

Zacc|tnaiKsslss`lit@aintarnif %

_|rul~ Dnunsnai

Zacc|tnaiKsslss`lit@aintarnif %

_|rul~ Dnunsnai

Nierkstr|ot|rlDnunsnai

Nierkstr|ot|rlDnunsnai

Zacc|tnaiOaitrac

N`zcl`litktnai

Zacc|tnaiOaitrac

N`zcl`litktnai

]aikc AeenolC|ogiav

]aikc AeenolC|ogiav

]aikc AeenolUkdadkrk

]aikc AeenolUkdadkrk

]aikc AeenolBhazkc

]aikc AeenolBhazkc

]aikc AeenolGacgktk

]aikc AeenolGacgktk

]aikc Aeenol_hnccaif

]aikc Aeenol_hnccaif

]aikc AeenolBkifkcarl

]aikc AeenolBkifkcarl

Kd`ninstrktnai

Zlrsaiilc

Kd`ninstrktnaiZlrsaiilc

Kd`ninstrktnai

@ktlrnkcs

Kd`ninstrktnai@ktlrnkcs

Kd`ninstrktnai

Lstktl

Kd`ninstrktnaiLstktl

Kd`ninstrktnai

Z|bcnoktnais# ZR

Kd`ninstrktnaiZ|bcnoktnais# ZR

Enikiol %

Kooa|its

Enikiol %Kooa|its

Kd`ninstrktnai

Rlo r|nt lit

Kd`ninstrktnaiRlor|nt lit

K)_) _lo tnai

K)_) _lo tnai Oa`z|tlr_lo tnai

Oa`z|tlr

_lo tnai

Trkninif

Trkninif

Ohl`nokcHk}) VkstlLiu) Zckiinif

BksnoIanslBna-`ldnokcDF _ltsIansl

Kfra-bksld

Zacno~# __N

Ckv

R%D Ckbarktar~

@aintarnif

Ksslss`lit

Zacno~

Zckiinif

@_V

Oaardnik-tnai

Drk|fhtnif_lo tnai

Drk|fhtnif

_lotnai

LxnstnifLxnstnifArfkiafrkArfkiafrk


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Kotnuntnls ae NED (Ko tnuntnls a e NED (CKBsCKBs).).

OZOB Ckbarktar~# DlchnOZOB Ckbarktar~# Dlchn

VKTLRCKBARKTAR

KNR

CKBARKTAR

_AZHN_TNOKTLDNI_TR\@LITKTNAI CKBARKTAR

BNACKBARKTAR

TRLKTKBNCNT CKBARKTAR

IKTNAIKC RLELRRKCTRKOL ARFKINO CKBARKTAR

- Ckbarktar~ `kikfl`lit

- @ aintarnif kotnuntnls

- Ckbarktar~ kikc~sns

- R % D Kotnun tnls- [| kcnt~ Kss|rkiol ! [| kcnt~

Oaitrac s~stl`

- _trlifthlinif a e ckbarktarnls

- _onlitne no slrunols ta_ZO Bs#

@ aLE# lto )

- Trkninif ae Zlrsaiilc


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K NR CK BA RK TA R^NED (CKBs.

K NR TA XNO CK B

@LTLARACAF^

IK@ Z! Vl tKik c

A ICNIL K NR @ A INTA RNIF

_TK O G @ A INTA RNIF

ZKRTNO \CK TL K ID RKNIVK TLR O HK RKO TLRN]K TNA I

O KCNBRK TNA I K ID [ K! [ O

Zkrk ` l tlrs `a intarld ta s|zzart k id niel rk nr aintarnif dk tk

A rfk ino ! Hk}krda|s k nr zacc|tk its

O rntl rnk k nr za cc|tk its `a intarnif vnth ` k i|k csk ` zcnif k idzh~sno a-ohl`nokc kikc~sns

Rlk c tn` l o aitni|a|sk ` bnlit k nr aintarnif il tva rg

_tk tno nimlo tnai eko ncnt~ earK [ O ae fk sl a|s za cc|tk its

[ \KCNT^ @ K IK F L@ LIT _^_TL@

Ni-dl zth k ik c~sns ta gia vthl o a` za sntnai

_a|ro l l` nssnai ` aintarnif ea r

o a` zcnk io l o aitrac leeno nlio ~ k idar zacc|tnai zatlitnkc lstn`ktnai

ULHNO \CK R L@ N__NA I@AINTARNIF

Z\O O k cnbrk tnai

IK BC rl ck tld k o tnuntnl s

IA N_L @ A INTA RNIF K ` bnlit iansl


8/84


9/84

Da`lstno

8,

Ulhno|ckr

62,

Nid|strnkc

2: ,


12/84

Zkrk`ltlrs @aintarldOrntlrnk Zacc|tkits - _Z@# R_Z@ (Z@;:.# _A2# IAx#

OA# Zb# IH? (kddntnaikc zkrk`ltlrs

kt elv caoktnais.

Athlr Zkrk`ltlrs= - Z@2)


13/84

_)Ia)

Zkrk`ltlr @lthad Nistr|`lit

;) Dltlr`niktnai ae _|szlidldzkrtno|cktl `kttlr (_Z@. nithl kt`aszhlrl

Hnfh Uac|`l@lthad

Hnfh Uac|`l_k`zclr(HU_.

2 @lks|rl`lit ae Rlsznrkbcls|szlidld zkrtno|cktl`kttlr (Z@;: ni knr

O~ocaino ecavtlohin{|ls

Rlsznrkbcl D|st_k`zclr (RD_.

?) Dltlr`niktnai ae _|czh|r

dnaxndl ni knr

@adnenld Vlst kid

Fklgl @lthad

_zlotrazhata`ltlr

4) Dltlr`niktnai ae Intraflidnaxndl ni kt`aszhlrl

_adn|` Krslintl@lthad

_zlotrazhata`ltlr


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Thl oa`zclx arfkino oa`za|id hkul fat nita |sl ni `ki~ dnulrslkzzcnoktnaislioa`zkssnif kcc t~zls ae h|`ki kotnuntnls)

Vhncl r|rkc liunrai`lits aetli hkul hnfh clulcs ae zlstnondls kid athlrrlsnd|ls era` szrk~s ae vlldnondls kid athlr ohl`nokcs |sld ni

àdlriekr`nif#

|rbki liunrai`lits hkul hnfh dasls ae k hast ae arfkinos oa`nif era` zknits

% ukrinshls# cko{|lrs# saculits# eak` bcavnifkflits# szrk~s lto)

Rlolit kddntnai ae Bli}lil ni zltrac# ni zckol ae k clkdoa`za|id# hks `kdl

Bli}lil kid ntsdlrnuktnuls k zkrt ae ulhno|ckr zacc|tnai)Kcrlkd~ Bli}lil

oaiolitrktnais ni hnfh trkeeno krlks kid ilkr zltrac z|`zs hkul bloa`l k `kttlr

ae oaiolri)

\ieart|iktlc~ k `kmarnt~ aethlsl oa`za|ids krl hnfhc~ taxno kid `ki~ aethl`

hkul blli rlzartld ta thl okroniaflino)

Arfkino oa`za|ids krl kcsa rlzartld ta blzrl-o|rslrs ear A}ail ear`ktnai kid

zck~ kracl ni sloaidkr~ ear`ktnai ae axndkits)

Ks s|oh knr zacc|tnai àintarnif iltvargs krl iav blfniinif nitlisnul leearts

ear àintarnif ae szloneno arfkino oa`za|ids s|oh ks Bli}lil#Tac|lil %

X~clil (BTX.kid aetli k `nxt|rl ae zac~i|oclkr kra`ktno h~draokrbais (ZKH_. )

ARFKINO OA@ZA\ID_


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?? \RBKI KNR TAXNO_ NDLITNENLD B^ \_ LZK

koltkcdlh~dl lth~clil axndl

koraclni ear`kcdlh~dlkor~caintrncl hlxkohcarabli}lil

krslino oa`za|ids h~drk}nil

Bli}lil clkd oa`za|ids

blr~ccn|` oa`za|ids `kifkilsl oa`za|ids

;# ?-b|tkdnlil `lro|r~ oa`za|ids

okd`n|` oa`za|ids `lth~clil ohcarndl

okrbai tltrkohcarndl inoglc oa`za|ids

ohcaraear` zac~ohcarniktld bnzhli~cs (ZOBs.

ohra`n|` oa`za|ids Zac~o~ocno Kra`ktno H~draokrbai(ZKH.

oagl auli l`nssnais {|niacnil

dnaxni ;# ;# 2# 2-tltrkohcaralthkil

lth~clil dnbra`ndl zlrohcaralth~clil

zraz~clil dnohcarndl trnohcaralth~clil

;# ?-dnohcarazrazlil uni~c ohcarndllth~clil dnohcarndl --


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@LTHAD EAR @LK_\RL@LIT AE ZAC^I\OCLKR KRA@KTNO

H^DRAOKRBAI_ (ZKH_. NI KNR ZKRTNO\CKTL @KTTLR

ZRNIONZCL

Thns `lthad ns dlsnfild ta oacclot zkrtno|cktl zhksl ZKHs ni k`bnlit knr kid

e|fntnul l`nssnais kid ta dltlr`nil nidnund|kc ZKH oa`za|ids) Nt ns bksld ai

hnfh uac|`l ( y ;)2 `? ! `ni. sk`zcnif `lthad okzkbcl ae dltlotnif s|b if! `?

oaiolitrktnai ae ZKH vnth k tatkc sk`zcl uac|`l y 48: `? ! ae knr aulr k

zlrnad ae 8 ha|rs vnth sk`l enctlr) NtNiuaculs oacclotnai era` knr zkrtno|cktl ai kenil zkrtnocl (fckss-enbrl. enctlr |snif hnfh uac|`l sk`zclr ear tatkc s|szlidld

zkrtno|cktl `kttlr (T_Z@. ar rlsznrkbcl d|st sk`zclr ear rlsznrkbcl s|szlidld

zkrtno|cktl `kttlr (R_Z@ ar Z@;:. kid s|bsl{|lit kikc~sns b~ Okzncckr~ Fks

Ohra`ktafrkzh (FO. |snif Eck`l Nain}ktnai Dltlotar (END.) Ne sk`zcnif zlrnad ns

lxtlidld ta 24 ha|rs vntha|t ohkifnif thl enctlr# nt `k~ lihkiol sk`zcl cass

d|l ta uacktncnt~ ar rlkotnais ae ZKHs ai oacclotnai `ldnk)


17/84

@kmar ZKH Oa`za|ids

Kolikzhth~clil(O;:H8. Bli}a(b. e c|arkithlil (O2:H;2.

Kolikzhthlil(O;:H8. Bli}a(g. ec|arkithlil (O2:H;2.

Ec|arlil(O;:H8. Oarailil (O24H;2.

Ikzhthkclil (O;:H8. Bli}a(l. z~rlil (O2:H;2.

Zhlikithrlil (O;4H;:. Bli}a(k. z~rlil (O2:H;2.

Kithrkolil (O;4H;:. Zlr~clil (O2:H;2.

Ec|arkithlil (O;5H;:. Bli}a(fhn. zlr~clil (O22H;2.

Z~rlil (O;5H;:. Dnbli}a(kh. kithrkolils (O22H;4.

Ohr~slil (O;8H;2. Nidlia(od. z~rlil (O22H;2.

Bli}a(k. kithrkolil (O;8H;2.


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_K@ZCL ZRL_LRUKTNAI

_k`zcl sha|cd bl vrkzzld ni k kc|`ni|`-eanc kid sha|cd bl

starld ni k rlernflrktar kt 4aO ni dkrg zckol ta kuand zhata-

axndktnai ae ZKHs ear k zlrnad |zta tva `aiths) Havlulr# sk`zcl

lxtrkots `k~ bl strarld ni drnld ear` ear k caiflr zlrnad

_K@ZCL ZRAOL__NIF

Thl enctlrs sk`zcls krl lxtrkotld vnth Tac|lil |snif

|ctrksainoktnai % oaiolitrktld ta ;`c uac|`l )

FK_ OHRA@KTAFRKZHNO KIKC^_N_

Dnc|tl thl lxtrkotld rlsnd|l kid `kgl |z ta :)< `c ar ; `c) Nimlot ; c ar 2

c nita FO-END ear kikc~sns)

FK_ OHRA@KTAFRKZH^ OAIDNTNAI_Fks ohra`ktafrkzh l{|nzzld vnth eck`l nain}ktnai dltlotar (END.# k szcnt

nimlotar kid okzncckr~ oac|`i (Zhksl orass cnigld


19/84


20/84

Ratkr~ Uko||` Lukzarktar

@ t @ th d e ZKH (N_A BN_ OZOB T n 2::4 @ th d. N dn nd c ZKH_


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@lks|rl`lit @lthad ae ZKH (N_A# BN_# OZOB# T~kfn# 2::4 @lthad. - Nidnund|kc ZKH_


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OKCO\CKTNAI


23/84

Thl oaiolitrktnai ni if! `? ae lkoh kikc~tl ni thl knr sk`zcld ns

fnuli

b~=

O 0 Os x Ul ! Us

Vhlrl

Ul 0 enikc uac|`l ae lxtrkot# c

OKCO\CKTNAI

6); Okco|cktl thl oaiolitrktnai ni (if!c . ae lkoh ndlitnenld kikc~tl

ni thl

sk`zcl lxtrkot ( Os . ks eaccavs=

Os (if!c. 0 (Ks Ons . ! ((Kns RE .

Vhlrl

Ks 0 Krlk oa|it ae ohkrkotlrnstno kikc~tl sk`zcl!zlkg blnif

`lks|rld)

Kns 0 Krlk oa|it ae ohkrkotlrnstno nitlrikc stkidkrd!zlkg)

Ons 0 Oaiolitrktnai ae nitlrikc _tkidkrd)


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@LTHAD_ EAR @LK_\RL@LIT

AE BLI]LIL #

TAC\LIL % X^CLIL

(BTX. NI KNR


25/84

_~iszlo @k~ 2::4 2 Oa`zailit slclotnai 28 .

\ = |ztkgl rktl ni c!h kt 2


35/84

KOTNUL _K@ZCNIF

\_NIF KOTNUKTLD OHKROAKC T\BL_ # DL_ALRBLD B^

OKRBAI-DN _\CZHNDL

ZRNIONZCL

Thl ohkroakc t|bls krl kuknckbcl ni dneelrlit sn}ls kid oaitkni ukr~nif

k`a|it ae kotnuktld ohkroakc) Thl k`bnlit knr ns s|ogld thra|fh thl

t|bl |snif k cav ecav zlrsaikc sk`zclr ni k vk~ thkt rls|cts ni ki

lirnoh`lit ae thl rlclukit s|bstkiols ni thl kotnuktld ohkroakc)

Dlsarztnai ae thl kdsarbld bli}lil ns dail |snif Okrbai dns|cendl

(O_2.)

Thl s|bstkiols dlsarbld ni thl O_2 krl kikc~}ld b~ okzncckr~ fks

ohra`ktafrkzh~)

K eck`l nain}ktnai dltlotar (END. ns |sld ear kikc~sns vhncl

{|kitnenoktnai ns zlrear`ld |snif thl nitlrikc! lxtlrikc stkidkrd)


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KZZKRKT\_

; CAV UAC\@L Z\@Z

Nitrnisnokcc~ skel# zartkbcl# bkttlr~ zavlrld z|`z vnth k cav ecav

oaitracclr vnth azlrktnif rkifl bltvlli < ta


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Liunratloh hkd `kdl ki Arfkino Ukza|r _k`zclr (KZ@ 8


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Arfkino Ukza|r _k`zclr Liunratloh KZ@ 8


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_KZ@CNIF KD_ARZTNAI T\BL_


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K sk`zcl ns oacclotld b~ azlinif k t|bl kt tva lids# oaiilotnif nt ta k

sk`zcl z|`z# kid z|ccnif knr thra|fh thl t|bl vnth thl z|`z) Knrbaril

ohl`nokcs krl trkzzld aita thl s|rekol ae thl sarblit)

Tva t|bls krl |sld ni slrnls ta tkgl okrl ae brlkgthra|fh (ne ki~.

oa`zktnbcl ta thl thlr`kc dlsarblr ) Thl sk`zcnif ns okrrnld a|t |snif

cav ecav sk`zclr) Thl sk`zcnif trkni ns fnuli ni thl enf|rl 2)2

Gllz thl t|bl ni k ulrtnokc zasntnai d|rnif sk`zcnif ta zrlulit thl

zassnbncnt~ ae ohkiilcnif thkt oki clkd ta |idlr sk`zcnif

Thl krrav ai thl t|bl nidnoktls knr ecav dnrlotnai kid sha|cd zanit ta thl

t|bl hacdlr kid z|`z) Ne ia krrav ns zrlslit# thl s`kcclst slotnai sha|cd

bl ilkr thl t|bl hacdlr

_k`zcnif ecav rktl ni thl rkifl ae 2:-?:`c !`ni ns rl{|nrld ('!- :)2 `c!`ni.

ear k`bnlit knr)

_K@ZCNIF ZRAOLD\RL % _K@ZCNIF RKTL


41/84

Ki~ s|ntkbcl fks ohra`ktafrkzh vnth eck`l nain}ktnai dltlotar (END. vnth

e|sld sncnok okzncckr~ oac|ìs hkunif k clifth ae 2< `ltlr ar àrl# ki

nitlrikc dnk`ltlr ae ?2: ` ar blcav kid vnth k stktnaikr~ zhksl enc`

thnogilss clss thki ;)< ` ks eaccavs ar l{|nukclit `k~ bl rloa``lidld)

Okzncckr~ Oac|ì 524# Oaktnif= o~kiazraz~c zhli~c zac~sncaxkil Clifth

ND= ?:` :)2< `` # Enc` thnogilss (de. = ;)4Òkcnbrktnai

Zrlzkrl k `nx staog stkidkrd sac|tnai ae


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KTD


43/84

FO KTD - @_

Lclotrai NainsktnaiLclotrai Nainsktnai = @ ' l- @') ' 2l-

OH4 ' l- OH4') ' 2l-

OH4') OH?' ' H)

Zrn`kr~ naisZrn`kr~ nais


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Kikc~tnokc Zraold|rl

_k`zcls oacclotld thra|fh kotnul sk`zcnif (sarblit t|bls. krl

lxtrkotld ar dlsarbld b~ oaiulitnaikc saculit (flilrkcc~ ;-2 `c aeokrbai dns|cendl. |snif |ctrksainoktnai ear ;< `ni|tls ta rl`aul

kikc~l era` thl sarblit `ktlrnkc ) Dlsarbld sk`zcls krl kikc~}ld

|snif fks ohra`ktafrkzh (FO. enttld vnth okzncckr~ oac|`i kid eck`l

nain}ktnai dltlotar (END.) K snifcl t|bl `k~ zraundl lia|fh sk`zcls ta

zlr`nt slulrkc kikc~sls)


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~0;L':5x

R2 0:)>>>>

:


48/84

Enf =; BLI]LIL CLULC_ NI K@BNLIT KNR NI DLC

;;:

248

?82

;;5

;5>

428

:


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AI-CNILBLI]LIL KIKC^]LR

(THL _Î_ZLO KCZHK 4:: BLI]LIL KIKC^_LR.

THL ILV _Î_ZLO KCZHK BLI]LIL N_ K ULR^ _N@ZCL B\T ZRLON_L

EAR THL @LK_\RL@LIT AE BLI]LIL NI K@BNLIT KNR)

Kczhk ns k oa`zkot FO oaitkninif kcc thl lsslitnkc lcl`lits=

zrloaiolitrktnai sk`zcnif |int# bkogec|sh ukcul# slzkrktnai oac|ì ni

szlonkc s`kcc auli |int kid dltlotar) Thl dltlotar ns k ZND)


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BLI]LIL KIKC^]LR


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@LK_\RNIF ZRNIONZCL=

Thl fks sk`zcl ns

oaiolitrktld ni k TRKZ) Thl

sk`zcl ns thli dlsarbld

kid nimlotld aulr thl ukcul

nita k oac|`i kid bli}lil

zkssls ai ta thl dltlotar)

Thl s~stl` ns aztn`n}ld ear

k`bnlit bli}lil

oaiolitrktnais)

Kczhk ns k oa`zkot FO

oaitkninif kcc thl lsslitnkc

lcl`lits= zrloaiolitrktnai

sk`zcnif |int# bkogec|shukcul# slzkrktnai oac|`i

ni szlonkc s`kcc auli |int

kid dltlotar) Thl dltlotar

ns k ZND)


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Ohra`ktafrkzh ae @C\ Kikc~slr ;>Ohra`ktafrkzh ae @C\ Kikc~slr ;>thth _lztl`blr :??: hrs)_lztl`blr :??: hrs)


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:)::

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8)::

;:)::

;2)::

28-:?-

:;

2>-:?-

:;

?:-:?-

:;

?;-:?-

:;

Kulrkfl :;-:4-:; :2-:4-:; :?-:4-:; :4-:4-:; Kulrkfl

DKTL_ NI @KROH-KZRNC 2::;

OAIOLITRKTNAINIU

-ZZ

Bli}lil Tac|lil #z-X~clil a-X~clil Lth~c-Bli}lil

TRLID_ AE BTX NI @KROH-KZRNC 2::; KTTRLID_ AE BTX NI @KROH-KZRNC 2::; KT

N)T)A) (B_] @KRF.#DLCHNN)T)A) (B_] @KRF.#DLCHN


55/84

Enf)-


56/84

@knitlikiol kid Okcnbrktnai

Tnzs ear Ai-Cnil UAO Kikc~}lr

D|l ta nts dlsnfi# thl BTX Kikc~}lr rl{|nrls cnttcl`knitlikiol)

Havlulr eaccavnif rlf|ckr `knitlikiol `|st bl okrrnld a|t

ear oaitni|a|s s`aath azlrktnai ae thl Kikc~}lr)

Ohlog ar ne illdld rlzckol thl ZTEL _k`zcl Niclt d|st

Enctlr kt ki nitlrukc ae lulr~ vllg!;


57/84

Okcnbrktnai=

Okcnbrktnai `|st bl okrrnld a|t rlf|ckrc~ ta ohlogthl {|kcnt~ ae `lks|rl`lits `kdl |snif thl ai-cnil

BTX kikc~}lr) Thns kcsa `kgl nt zassnbcl ta ohlog

vhlthlr ar iat zrafrk``nif ae rltlitnai tn`ls kid

slisntnuntnls ns oarrlot)

]lra kid k snifcl zanit szki ohlog okcnbrktnaiohlogs oki bl zlrear`ld ai thl kikc~}lr ear

oa`zcltl ulrnenoktnai azlrktnai ai thl

ohkrkotlrnstnos ae thl kikc~}lr

cnilkrnt~#

dltlotkbcl cn`nts# ohlog ae rltlitnai tn`ls lto


58/84

zz` 0 (`f!`?. x (24)4

Lxzrlssnif

Oaiolitrktnai ni zz`

zz`0 W(`f!`?.x(24)4


59/84

Z@ ;: % 2)< OAITNI\A\_ @AINTAR KT BHKD\R _HKH]KEKR @KRF (NTA.# ILV DLCHN

_NDL UNLVOZOBOAITNI\A\_@AINTARNIF_TKTNAI KT

DLCHNOACCLFL AELIFNILLRNIF#BKVKIK#DLCHN

OKCNBRKTNAI KID K[O


60/84

OKCNBRKTNAI KID K[O

Znaillr ckb ni Nidnk vha dlulcazld

thl nerkstr|ot|rlkid lxtlidld K[O

ekoncntnls ta_ZOBs# Nid|strnls lto)ear fksla|s zacc|tkits

Zrn kr~ Okcnbrktnais ear kcc thl

aicnil Zkrk`ltlrs krl blnif dail

hlrl vnthtrkokbclstkidkrd fkslskid Enlcd bksld nistr|`lits krl

okcnbrktld s|bsl{|litc~ ni rlf|ckr

nitlrukcs

Okcnbrktnais ae kcc thl `ki|kc

Nistr|`lits krl dail vnth dneelrlit

okcnbrktars tn l ta tn l


61/84


62/84

KII\KC TRLID = TATKC ZAC^O OCNO KRA@KTNO H^DRAOKRBAI_ NI K@BNLIT

KNR NI DLCHN (;>>?-2:::.

:

;:

2:

?:

4:

>? ^lkr;>>4 ^lkr ;>>< ^lkr;>>5 ^lkr;>>6 ^lkr ;>>8 ^lkr ;>>>


63/84

Iktnaikc K`bnlit Knr [|kcnt~ _tkidkrds


64/84

Thl k`bnlit knr {|kcnt~ abmlotnuls!stkidkrds krl zrl-rl{|nsntl ear dlulcaznif

zrafrk``l ear leelotnul `kikfl`lit ae k`bnlit knr {|kcnt~ kid ta rld|ol thldk`kfnif leelots ae knr zacc|tnai)

Thl abmlotnuls ae knr {|kcnt~ stkidkrds krl=

Ta nidnoktl thl clulcs ae knr {|kcnt~ ilolsskr~ vnth ki kdl{|ktl `krfni ae

skelt~ ta zratlot thl z|bcno hlkcth# ulfltktnai kid zrazlrt~7

Ta kssnst ni lstkbcnshnif zrnarntnls ear kbktl`lit kid oaitrac ae zacc|tkit clulc7 Ta zraundl |inear` ~krdstnog ear ksslssnif knr {|kcnt~ kt iktnaikc clulc7 kid

Ta nidnoktl thl illd kid lxtlit ae `aintarnif zrafrk``l)

Thl Olitrkc Zacc|tnai Oaitrac Bakrd hkd kdaztld enrst k`bnlit knr {|kcnt~

stkidkrds ai Iaul`blr ;;# ;>82 ks zlr slotnai ;5 (2. (h. ae thl Knr (Zrlulitnai

kid Oaitrac ae Zacc|tnai. Kot# ;>8;)

Thl knr {|kcnt~ stkidkrds hkul blli rlunsld b~ thl Olitrkc Zacc|tnai Oaitrac

Bakrd ai Kzrnc ;;# ;>>4) Thl cktlst rlunsld Iktnaikc K`bnlit Knr [|kcnt~ _tkidkrds

ae OZOB iatnenld ks ai Iaul`blr ;5# 2::> krl dlznotld ks eaccavs=

Iktnaikc K`bnlit Knr [|kcnt~ _tkidkrds

LXN_TNIF IKTNAIKC K@BNLIT KNR [\KCNT^ _TKIDKRD_ (IKK[_.


65/84

Z a c c | t k i tT n` l V l n f h tl dK u l r k f l

O a i ol i t r k t na i ni K ` b nl i t K n r @ lt h a d a e @ lk s | rl ` li tN i d | s t r nk c K r l k R l s n d li t n k c #R | r k c k i da t h l r K r l k s

_ li s n t n u lK r l k_ | c z h | r D n a x n d l( _ A

2. K i i | k cK u l r k f l - 8 : f ! ` ? 5 : f! `

? ; < f! ` ? ; ) N ` z r a u l d V l s t ki d k l g l@ l t h a d2 ) \ c t r k u n a c l t E c | a r l s o li o l4 H a | r sK u l r k f l - - ; 2 : f ! ` ? 8 : f! `? ? : f! ` ?

Ax n d l s a eI n t r a f lik s I A2K i i | k cK u l r k f l - 8 : f ! ` ? 5 : f! `

? ; < f! ` ? ; ) M k o a b % H a o h h l n s l r ` a d n e nl d(I kAH I kK s A2. @ l t h a d2 ) F k s Z h k s lOh l` n c | ` n i n s o li o l4 H a | r sK u l r k f l - - ; 2 : f ! ` ? 8 : f! `? ? : f! ` ?

_ | s z l i d l dZ k r t n o | c k t l@ k t t l r ( _Z @ .K i i | k cK u l r k f l - ? 5 : f ! ` ? ; 4 : f ! `

? 6 : f! ` ? H n f h U a c | ` l _ k ` z c n i f ( K u l r k f le c a v r k t l i a t c l s s th ki; ) ;` ?! ` n i | t l .4 H a | r sK u l r k f l - - < : : f ! ` ? 2 : : f ! `? ; : : f ! ` ?

R l s z n r k b c lZ k r t n o | c k t l@ k t t l r ( _ n } l c l sst h ki ; : ` .( R Z @ .

K i i | k cK u l r k f l - ; 2 : f ! ` ? 5 : f! `? < : f! ` ? R l s z n r k b c l Z k r t n o | c k t l @ k t t l r_ k ` z c l r4 H a | r sK u l r k f l - - ; < : f ! ` ? ; : : f ! `? 6 < f! ` ?

C l kd (Z b. K i i | k cK u l r k f l - ; ): f ! ` ? : ) 6 < f ! `? : ) < : f ! ` ? K K _ @ l t h a d k et l r s k ` z c n i f | s n i fL Z @ 2 : : :a r l { | n u k c l i t e nc t l r z kz l r4 H a | rK u l r k f l - - ; )


66/84


67/84

Kotnai Zcki ear Oaitraccnif Knr Zacc|tnai


68/84

_a ekr _tktl Faulri`lits ae thl kcc thl snxtlli orntnokcc~ zacc|tld ontnls ks ndlitnenld

b~ thl Haibcl _|zrl`l Oa|rt ae Nidnk hkul s|b`nttld thlnr kotnai zcki ear

oaitraccnif knr Zacc|tnai era` kcc thl `kmar sa|rols nioc|dnif nid|strnkc# ulhno|ckr %

da`lstno sa|rols) Thl `kmar kotnais thasl hkul blli zrazasld ear kc`ast kcc thl

ontnls krl=

;) Nid|strnkc Zacc|tnai

_hnetnif ae Nid|strnls era` iai- oaienr`nif }ails# _vntohnif aulr ta oclki

tlohiacafnls# \snif oclki e|lc# Nistkccktnai ae Zacc|tnai oaitrac Dlunols

Dlulcaz`lit ae frlli blct# lto)2) Ulhno|ckr Zacc|tnai

N`zcl`litktnai ae thl l`nssnai iar`s ks vlcc ks e|lc {|kcnt~ ni kooardkiol

vnth thl rakd `kz zrazasld b~ thl K|ta E|lc Zacno~# _vntohnif aulr ta

oclki kctlriktl e|lcs cngl OIF# CZF % Bna-e|lcs# K|f`litktnai ni Z|bcno

Trkiszart s~stl` #Blttlr trkeeno @kikfl`lit# N`zcl`litktnai ae ensokc

`lks|rls# lto

?) Da`lstno Zacc|tnaiBki ai azli b|rinif ae fkrbkfl# bna`kss# K|f`litktnai ai s|zzc~ ae CZF

ks oaagnif e|lc#

Kotnai Zcki ear Oaitraccnif Knr Zacc|tnai


69/84


70/84

Okrbai @aiaxndl (OA. clulcs ni K`bnlit Knr

:

;

2

?

4

>6->8 ;>>8->> ;>>>-2::: 2:::-:; 2::;-:2 2::2-:? 2::?-:4

:

:)8->> ;>>>-2::: 2:::-:; 2::;-:2 2::2-:? 2::?-:4

Okrbai @aiaxndl


71/84


72/84

Dr) _)G)T~kfn


73/84

@ th d e _ cn d K c n e


74/84

@lthads ae _k`zcnif kid Kikc~sns ae

@ltkcs ni K`bnlit Knr(OKD@N\@# OHRA@N\@# NRAI# CLKD# @KIFKIL_L# INOGLC# OABKCT#

KC\@NI\@# UKIKDN\@# KID ]NIO.

ZRNIONZCLThns `lthad ns dlsnfild ta oacclot zkrtno|cktl zhksl @ltkcs ni thl

k`bnlit knr kid e|fntnul l`nssnais kid ta dltlr`nil nidnund|kc `ltkc

) Nt ns bksld ai hnfh uac|`l ( y ;)2 `? ! ni. sk`zcnif `lthadokzkbcl ae dltlotnif if! `? oaiolitrktnai ae `ltkc vnth k tatkc

sk`zcl uac|`l y 48: `? ! ae knr aulr k zlrnad ae 8 ha|rs vnth sk`l

enctlr) Nt Niuaculs oacclotnai era` knr zkrtno|cktl ai k enil zkrtnocl

(fckss-enbrl. enctlr |snif hnfh uac|`l sk`zclr ear tatkc s|szlidld

zkrtno|cktl `kttlr (T_Z@. ar rlsznrkbcl d|st sk`zclr ear rlsznrkbcl

s|szlidld zkrtno|cktl `kttlr (R_Z@ ar Z@;:. kid s|bsl{|lit

kikc~sns b~ Eck`l Kta`no Kbsarztnai _zlotrasoaz~ (EKK_. ketlr thl

dnflstnai ae sk`zcls vnth oaiolitrktld intrno kond % h~draohcarno

kond )


75/84

Kta`no kbsarztnai szlotra`ltlr `lks|rls kbsarztnai ae

ohkrkotlrnstno rkdnktnai b~ kta`s ae k zkrtno|ckr lcl`lit ta bl

dltlr`nild vhnoh krl thlr`kcc~ kta`n}ld lnthlr b~ eck`l ar b~

frkzhntl e|rikol)

Thl lcl`lit vhnoh ns ta bl dltlr`nild ns dnssaculd ni k

s|ntkbcl ulhnocl (iar`kcc~ ki kond.Ni oksl ae e|rikol kta`n}ktnai k|ta sk`zclr ar `nora s~rnifl

ns |sld ear trkisear`nif thl sk`zcl sac|tnai nita thl e|rikol)

K hkccav okthadl ck`z ae thl lcl`lit ta bl dltlr`nild ns

|sld ks k sa|rol ae rkdnktnai# vhnoh ns kbsarbld b~ thl kta`s

zrad|old ni eck`l ar e|rikol ae thkt lcl`lit kid kbsarztnai ns

dnrlotc~ zrazartnaikc ta thl oaiolitrktnai ae thl kikc~tl

kta`s)

ZRNIONZCL


76/84

B\RILR

KDM\_TLR

UKZAR ULIT

DRKNI T\BNIF

LXHK\_T

OHN@IL^

BLIOH

_@KCC IAI-FCK__

VK_TL UL__LC

KK_ @lthad ear @ltkcs


78/84

@ltkcs V) C) Dltlotnai Cn`nt (|f!cnt.

EKK_ FEE

Ks ;>?)6 ;:: :)2

In 2?2 4 :);

Zb 2;6 ;: :):)2

B} Oaio (|f!`?. J4


81/84

ZRL_LRUL ZCKILTLKRTH

THRA\FH ^A\R DLLD_


82/84

Zartkbcl Tatkc UAO _lisar!@aintar


83/84

Thl Zhatauko 2:2: ZRA |sls

zhatanain}ktnai# thl tlohiacaf~ aeohanol ear dltlotnif UAOs) Thl 2:2:ZRA ns l{|nzzld stkidkrd vnth k ;:)5lU \U ck`z# kid hks ki aztnaikc ;;)6lU \U ck`z ear nain}nif ohcarniktldoa`za|ids)

Azlrktnif oaiolitrktnai rkifl ns :);-2::: ZZ@ ar |sl thl aztnaikc dnc|tnaizrabl ta dltlot |z ta 2:#::: ZZ@)

Thl Zhatauko zhatanain}ktnai dltlotarns h|`ndnt~-oa`zlisktld sa ~a| okirlc~ ai thl rls|cts ni ZZ@ rkifl)

!


84/84

Uao _k`zcnif Trkni

Uao _k`zcnif Oaitrac @ad|cl

Hlktld Tlecai

_k`zcnif T|bl

Documents

Dr Tyagi Lecture Presentn BBIT Enviro Final 12Feb10