Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman Assistant Professor University of Malakand Website: softrays.org.pk Email: [email protected]@hotmail.com Research Methods

Dr. Engr. Sami ur RahmanAssistant Professor

University of Malakand

Website: softrays.org.pkEmail: [email protected]

Research Methods in Computer ScienceLecture: Research Ethics

mailto:[email protected]

Course website

softrays.org.pk/RM

University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 2


Attendance file

Mid Term Exam

Credit

Professor Lee E. Brown California State University, Fullerton Julia R. Miller, Ph.D.


Ethics

Ethics – the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad, right and wrong

ethics. ( 2013). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved Nov 10, 2013, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9106054


http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9106054

Definition of Scientific Misconduct

Scientific misconduct is fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research results.


Seven Areas of Scientific Dishonesty

1. Plagiarism2. Fabrication and falsification3. Nonpublication of data4. Faulty data-gathering procedures5. Poor data storage and retention6. Misleading authorship7. Sneaky publication practices


Plagiarism

Plagiarism—using the ideas, writings, and drawings of others as your own

Plagiarism is dishonesty. The research may be excellent but it wasn’t done by the author of the

paper. Plagiarism mostly involves unpublished theses. Difficult to detect unless editor/referee familiar with unpublished work

in subject as well as published work.


Fabrication and Falsification

Fabrication and falsification—making up or altering data


Nonpublication of Data

Data not included in results because they don’t support the desired outcome

Some data are “bad” data Bad data should be recognized while it is being collected or analyzed Outlier – unrepresentative score; a score that lies outside of the normal

scores


Faulty Data Gathering

Collecting data from participants who are not complying with requirements of the study

Using faulty equipment Treating participants inappropriately Recording data incorrectly


Poor Data Storage and Retention

Data should be stored in its original collected form for at least 3 years after publication

Data should be available for examination Confidentiality of participants should be maintained


Misleading Authorship

Misleading authorship—who should be an author?– Technicians do not necessarily become joint authors.– Authorship should involve only those who contribute directly.– Discuss authorship before the project!


Sneaky Publication Practices

Publication of the thesis or dissertation Should be regarded as the student’s work Committee chair and members may be listed as secondary authors

Dual publication – a manuscript should only be published in a single journal

What about studies which include a huge amount of data?


Ethical relationships with supervisors

The relationship between the student and the supervisor is unequal and hierarchical.

the supervisor plays many roles as "adviser", "promoter", "boss", "teacher", "friend", "principal investigator” etc.

This multiplicity of roles may lead to conflict

A student must feel free to make their own decisions


Ethical supervision

Nurtures the student’s confidence and skills

Does not use the student just as a technician or assistant but allows the student to develop the project in new ways

Not jealous of the student’s success but allows the student to take ownership of their project and get the credit for it


Ethical relationships with colleagues

Effective and ethical relationships with colleagues will aid a student to make more rapid progress on their project


HEC Plagiarism Policy

(a) Penalties for Teachers, Researchers and Staff (i) Major Penalty:

Crime: Most of the paper (or key results) have been exactly copied from any published work of other people without giving the reference to the original work

Penalty: Dismissal from service Black Listing” Ineligible for employment in any academic / research organization The notification of “Black Listing” of the author(s) may be published in the print

media or may be publicized on different websites at the discretion of the Vice-Chancellor / Rector / Head of the organization.

http://www.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/QALI/QADivision/Documents/Plagiarism%20Policy.pdf




(a) Penalties for Teachers, Researchers and Staff

(ii) Moderate Penalty: Crime: Some paragraphs including some key results have been copied without

citation. Penalty:

Demotion to the next lower grade The notification of “Black Listing” of the author(s) .





(a) Penalties for Teachers, Researchers and Staff (iii) Minor Penalty:

Crime: Few paragraphs have been copied from an external source without giving reference of that work

Penalty Warning Freezing of all research grants The promotions/annual increments of the offender may be stopped, for a

specified period HEC or the University / Organization may debar the offender from sponsorship

of research funding, travel grant, supervision of Ph.D. students, scholarship, fellowship or any other funded program for a period as deemed appropriate by the “Plagiarism Standing Committee”.





(b) Students: (i) In the case of thesis the responsibility of plagiarism will be of the student and

not of the supervisor or members of the Supervisory Committee. (ii) The offender may be expelled/ rusticated from the University and from joining

any institution of Higher Education in Pakistan for a period as deemed appropriate by the "Plagiarism Standing Committee”. A notice may be circulated among all academic institutions and research organization to this effect.

(iii) The offender may be relegated to a lower class. (iv) The offender may be given a failure grade in the subject. (v) The offender may be fined an amount as deemed appropriate.





(b) Students: (vi) The offender may be given a written warning if the offence is minor and is

committed for the first time (vii) The degree of a student may be withdrawn if AT ANY TIME it is proven that

he or she has presented Plagiarized work in his / her MS, MPhil or PhD dissertation if the extent of plagiarism comes under the category of major penalty.

(viii) The notification of the plagiarism by the author(s) may be published in the print media or may be publicized on different websites at the discretion of the Vice Chancellor / Rector / Head of the Organization.

(ix) HEC or the University / Organization may debar the offender from sponsorship of research funding, travel grant, scholarship, fellowship or any other funded program for a period as deemed appropriate by the "Plagiarism Standing Committee".

(x) Any other penalty deemed fit by the “Plagiarism Standing Committee”.




Assignment 2: Plagiarism Detection resouces

Explore the different online resources for Plagiarism detection and write a summary of these software tools and websites.


University of Michigan; http://my.research.umich.edu/peerrs Office of Research Integrity, (ORI); http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/rcr_general.shtmlhttp://ori.dhhs.gov/assurance/electronic_submission.shtmlhttp://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/rcr_general.shtmlIndiana University, Poynter Center for the Study of Ethics and American Institutions;http://mypage.iu.edu/~pimple/National Institutes of Health, (NIH); http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not-od-10-019.html http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/unh_round1/www.unh.edu/rcr/index-2.html http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/rcr_general.shtmlhttp://www.missouristate.edu/internalaudit/Ethics%20Hotline.htmhttp://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/rcradmin/index.htmlhttp://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/RCRintro/index.htmlhttp://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/montana_round1/issues.htmlhttp://poynter.indiana.edu/tre/resources.shtmlhttp://www.research.umn.edu/ethics/materials/

Sources


http://my.research.umich.edu/peerrs

http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/rcr_general.shtml


http://ori.dhhs.gov/assurance/electronic_submission.shtml





http://mypage.iu.edu/~pimple/

http://mypage.iu.edu/~pimple/

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not-od-10-019.html

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not-od-10-019.html

http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/unh_round1/www.unh.edu/rcr/index-2.html


http://www.missouristate.edu/internalaudit/Ethics%20Hotline.htm

http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/rcradmin/index.html

http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/RCRintro/index.html

http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/montana_round1/issues.html

http://poynter.indiana.edu/tre/resources.shtml

http://www.research.umn.edu/ethics/materials/