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Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman
Data AnalysisLecture 6: SPSS
Courtesy:
Kevin Schoepp (Zayed University)
Kentaka Aruga
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 2
Level of Measurement
Scale: A variable when its values are represented with a meaningful metric so that distance comparisons between values are appropriate. Examples: Age in years, Income in thousands of Rupees.
Nominal: A variable when its values are represented with no ranking.Example: Region, zip code, or Political party affiliation.
Ordinal: A variable when its values are represented with some ranking.Example, levels of service satisfaction from highly dissatisfied to highly satisfied.
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 7
Introduction: What is SPSS?
Originally it is an acronym of Statistical Package for the Social Science but now it stands for Statistical Product and Service Solutions
One of the most popular statistical packages which can perform highly complex data manipulation and analysis with simple instructions
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 8
Data Editor
Data Editor
Spreadsheet-like system for defining, entering, editing, and displaying data. Extension of the saved file will be “sav.”
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 9
Output Viewer
Output Viewer
Displays output and errors. Extension of the saved file will be “spv.”
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 10
The basics of managing data files
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 11
Opening SPSS
The default window will have the data editorThere are two sheets in the window:
1. Data view 2. Variable view
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 12
Data View window
The Data View window
This sheet is visible when you first open the Data Editor and this sheet contains the data
Click on the tab labeled Variable View
Click
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 13
Variable View window
This sheet contains information about the data set that is stored with the dataset
NameThe first character of the variable name must be alphabeticVariable names must be unique, and have to be less than 64 characters.
Spaces are NOT allowed.
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 14
Variable View window: Type
TypeClick on the ‘type’ box. The two basic types of variables that you will use are numeric and string. This column enables you to specify the type of variable.
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 15
Variable View window: Width
WidthWidth allows you to determine the number of characters SPSS will allow to be entered for the variable
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 16
Variable View window: Decimals
DecimalsNumber of decimals It has to be less than or equal to 16
3.14159265
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 17
Variable View window: Label
LabelYou can specify the details of the variableYou can write characters with spaces up to 256 characters
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 18
Variable View window: Values
ValuesThis is used and to suggest which numbers represent which categories when the variable represents a category
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 19
Defining the value labels
Click the cell in the values column as shown belowFor the value, and the label, you can put up to 60 characters.After defining the values click add and then click OK.
Click
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 20
Practice 1
How would you put the following information into SPSS?
Value = 1 represents Male and Value = 2 represents Female
Name Gender HeightJAUNITA 2 5.4SALLY 2 5.3DONNA 2 5.6SABRINA 2 5.7JOHN 1 5.7MARK 1 6ERIC 1 6.4BRUCE 1 5.9
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 21
Practice 1 (Solution Sample)
Click
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 22
Click
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 23
Saving the data
To save the data file you created simply click ‘file’ and click ‘save as.’ You can save the file in different forms by clicking “Save as type.”
Click
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 24
Sorting the data
Click ‘Data’ and then click Sort Cases
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 25
Sorting the data (cont’d)
Double Click ‘Name of the students.’ Then click ok.
Click
Click
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 26
Practice 2
How would you sort the data by the ‘Height’ of students in descending order?
AnswerClick data, sort cases, double click ‘height of students,’ click ‘descending,’ and finally click ok.
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 27
Transforming data
Click ‘Transform’ and then click ‘Compute Variable…’
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 28
Transforming data (cont’d)
Example: Adding a new variable named ‘lnheight’ which is the natural log of height Type in lnheight in the ‘Target Variable’ box. Then type in ‘ln(height)’ in the ‘Numeric Expression’ box. Click OK
Click
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 29
Transforming data (cont’d)
A new variable ‘lnheight’ is added to the table
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 30
Practice 3
Create a new variable named “sqrtheight” which is the square root of height.
Answer
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | UoMIPS | Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman | 31
Thanks for your attention