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SECTION - 2
SOCIO ECONOMIC SETTINGS
2.0 GENERAL SOCIO ECONOMIC SETTINGS IN NORTHERN AREAS
2.0.1 INTRODUCTIONThe Northern Areas, located far off from
National grid have been facing severe shortage ofpower. Power
stations of small capacities were installed to provide electricity
to maintowns/villages, which are now insufficient to meet the
growing present and future demand.Under the study named
Comprehensive Planning of Hydropower Resources on Indus
rivertributaries in Northern Areas out of !!" identified schemes
only # sites were found mostpromising and economical to develop. $t
can be planned that these schemes be interlin%ed,resulting
generation of surplus power which can be transmitted to the
National grid througha regional grid system after meeting the
future demand of the Northern Areas. Theseschemes not only
contribute in e&ploitation of natural resources of the area but
also helpfulin uplifting the socio economic conditions of the
neglected people, settled in the scatteredvalleys.
The Pro'ect area is spread over from (oyian village to )hah pul
bridge along Astore riverwhich is a left tributary of river $ndus.
The dam site is proposed on river Astore about *++ mdownstream of
confluence of (oyian nullah with river Astore. The inta%e sand
trap,headrace tunnel surge shaft pressure shaft and powerhouse are
to be located on the rightside of the river. iver Astore at its
confluence with river $ndus is accessible from -ilgitAstore and
ai%otAstore roads. The proposed dam and powerhouse sites are on the
wayto Astore and are easily accessible. There is a gauging station
on river Astore at (oyianwhich has been in operation since !"#. 0or
the proposed (oyian pro'ect hydrological
record of 12 years have been used for analysis.
At the time of independence the socio economic conditions of the
areas were miserableand due to lac% of basic physical
infrastructural facilities it remained isolated and cut offfrom the
rest of the country. After independence the -overnment of Pa%istan
too% %eeninterest for the development of these areas. Planned
efforts for the socio economicdevelopment of Northern Areas were
started in early si&ties during the second fiveyearplan
3!2+2*4. The development has ta%en place since then but the
perspective ofsustained development e&tended in 2 th five year
plan 3!56554 in which a sum of s!#**.+1 million was spent against
an allocation of s !#"!."# million showing 7utili8ation of fund
where as in seventh plan 3!5564 it was !++7. (uring 5 th0ive
9earplan 3!654 however, utili8ation was one half of the allocated
amount of s. *!#+
million.
2.0.2 AREA AND TOPOGRAPHYThe Northern Area is located in the
e&treme North of Pa%istan. $t e&tends from 6# o#+: to6"o+#:
North latitudes and "1o6+: to""o*+: ;ast longitudes. $t is bounded
in the North byAfghanistan and ashmir, alam, >ohistan and
>aghan @alleys in the )outh. The newly independentepublic of
Ta'i%istan is only a handsha%e away. The area is spread over "1#2
s. %m.The entire area is characteri8ed by the high mountains. The
general elevation of the area is#+++ meters. The >ara%oram range
runs in a North?est, )outh ;ast direction alongPa%istan B
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are also found in the southern part of the area where the most
important pea% is NangaParbat which is 5!12 meters high. )iachin
the longest glacier in the world 3"1 %m4 is alsoin this area. There
are several valleys and small plain tracts formed by the rivers
andstreams.
iver $ndus is the most important river of the area. $t enters in
the Northern Area at a placenamed Coral top. $mportant tributaries
of the $ndus are )hyo%, )highar, -ilgit and Astorerivers.
2.0.3 ADMINISTRATIVE SET UPAdministratively the Northern Areas
is divided into five districts namely -ilgit, -hi8er,)%ardu, (iamir
and -hanche.
(istricts are headed by (eputy
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comes to ". persons as compared to ".! persons in !5!. @ariation
in the averagehouseholds si8e e&ist among districts. $t is the
highest in (iamir district i.e. 5.1 persons perhouse hold and the
lowest in -hanche district i.e. 2." persons per house hold.
2.0.5 MIGRATION0ield survey shows that a small percentage of
permanent migration of population is ta%ingplace from rural areas
to -ilgit, )%ardu and (iamir urban areas mainly of
educated/s%illedpersons. The NAP?( is already facing problems in
providing drin%ing water, sanitation andelectricity facilities due
to population growth but the seasonal migration are causing
furtherthreat on these facilities. @arious forms of migration have
been reported in the NorthernAreas. 0irstly there is a periodic
migration when people go on appointment or transfer toother parts
of the state and visit their families occasionally. )econdly a
number of studentsare studying in other parts of the country and
come to their villages on vocations or specialoccasions. Thirdly
there is a seasonal migration which ta%es place during winter from
thearea of high altitude due to e&treme cold. People along
their cattle move to the lower partwhere pasture fields can be
found as summer approaches these people return to theirhouses in
the upper part with their cattle.
2.0.6 EDUCATION;ducation plays an important role in human
capital formation. $t raises the productiveefficiency of individual
and produce s%illed manpower, capable of leading the economy ofthe
area to the path of sustainable development. No doubt the promotion
of educationremained a matter of concern for the policy ma%ers,
fully aware of this social change anddid their best for the
e&pansion of education opportunities even then the
educationconditions are not encouraging. =ow literacy ratio, low
enrolment rates, lac% of trainedteachers and poor physical
infrastructure schools/colleges indicate the poor performance
ofthis aspect. At the time of independence there were 6 middle
schools, one each in -ilgit,Astore and )%ardu. According to !5!
census population the literacy ratio in the entireNorthern Areas
was !#."7 31#.1#7 male and 6.6 female4. The literacy ratio in
urban
areas is 62.5 percent compared to !1.2 percent in rural areas,
which is even poor whencompared to the state where it is #".!
percent 3*.+ percent male and 6*.# percentfemale4.
At present there are si& degree colleges, four in -ilgit and
one each in -hi8er and (iamir.0ive $ntermediate han ural )upport
Program 3A>)P4 isalso ta%ing great interest to develop education
facilities in the Northern Areas.
Primary education has been the top priority within education
sector as is evident from thefact that half of the budget
allocation had been earmar%ed for the promotion of
primaryeducation. ;nrolment data given in Table 11 when compared to
previous years indicate asteady increase in students at primary,
middle and secondary and college levels ofeducation.
)ocial Action Programme was started started during !6# with the
assistance of foreigndonors providing 1*7 of total outlay while "*7
by the -.G.P, the programme addressed tothe need of primary
education, besides basic health, nutrition programme, rural
watersupply and sanitation. Against the planned allocation of s #61
million in the 5 th0ive 9earPlan 3!6# to !"54 for Northern Areas.
;ducation statistics 3(istrictwise4 is given inTable 11
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2.0.7 TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONTransport and
communication networ% is among the most important of basic
infrastructures.The development of the area is largely dependent on
its efficiency. At the time ofindependence the areas had inherited
highly deplorable networ% having fine seasonalponytrac%s,
thirteenfoot suspension bridges and >acha Airport at -ilgit
which was builtonly for emergency purpose.
An efficient transport and communication system is not only
prereuisite for economicdevelopment but is also essential for
economic cooperation among areas, particularly intrade and tourism.
Transportation itself is not a producing sector but is a lin% for
otherdeveloping sectors.
Although the present networ% is not adeuate even then NAP?( has
been ta%ing %eeninterest for the development of this sector.
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2.0.9 LIVESTOC!ANIMAL HUS"ANDRY=ivestoc% contributes a great
deal to the local economy. $t is not only a source of incomebut
also serve dietary purposes. =arge herds of 9a%s,
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at cities. Trade and commerce is an important activity in urban
areas especially -ilgit, )ostand )%ardu which the biggest
commercial centers having road lin%s with other parts of
theNorthern Areas. The entire Pa%
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2.1 SOCIO ECONOMIC SETTINGS IN PRO%ECT AREA(oyian covering 5+
acres, is a village of Union alapani, -udai and Parishing.
2.1.2 CLIMATEThe climate is characteri8ed by severe snowfall in
winter and cool pleasant summer. Thesummer season in the low lying
valleys is hot but at high altitudes is very pleasant.)imilarly,
winter season at high altitudes is e&tremely cold as compared
to the valleys.Fune, Fuly and August are the most pleasant months,
while (ecember, Fanuary and0ebruary are the coldest months. There
is a sparse rainfall in summer and precipitationduring winter is in
the form of heavy snow fall at higher altitude.
2.1.3 ADMINISTRATIVE SETUP(oyian lies in Astore tehsil of
district (iamir which is headed by the (eputy
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The literacy ratio in (oyian is 6.6 7. (uring the survey it was
observed that the number ofschools is increasing and people are
very %een to get their children educated. A>)P isalso ta%ing
great interest to develop education facilities in the Nothern
Areas.
2.1.8 UTILITIES AND SOCIAL SERVICESNo facility of electricity,
water supply, drainage and medical service are available in
(oyianpro'ect area. ;fforts are being made to provide various
social services in the area. Anumber of schemes for water supply
have been sanctioned by local -overnment and ural(evelopment 3=- K
(4 in the annual development program to e&tend drin%ing
watersupply. $t may be pointed out, however, that the location in
many villages is such thataccess to safe water supply may not be
possible. )ome of the people have made their ownarrangement to
bring piped water from nearby streams.
2.1.9 PHYSICAL IN#RASTRUCTUREThe networ% of metalled road, in
the pro'ect area is e&tremely inadeuate whereas thephysical
conditions of unmetalled roads are not even satisfactory. The
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protection operations. )chemes for land reclamation and
construction of irrigation channelsare also under way to bring more
area under plough.
2.1.13 LIVESTOC=ivestoc% contributes a great deal to the local
economy. Eowever, physical condition andgeneral health of the
animals is not satisfactory, especially in winter due to the
shortage offodder. Dulloc%s are the main source of farm power, but
they are hardly capable of drawingplough due to poor health. ail,
)P/ N)P. A newprogramme of planting trees over private land by the
people themselves in return for
emoluments is being started during the current year on trial
basis. This free gift of nature isbeing operated unsatisfactorily
where there e&ists much scope for its improvement.
2.1.15 SMALL SCALE AND COTTAGE INDUSTRY)ince most of the parts
of the region has electricity hence there are number of
smallenterprises li%e saw mills, grinding mills, wood spinning,
hand looms, fruit drying, flour millsand pattu weaving are in
operation. These units provide the basic needs of the local
peopleand also fulfill the demand of tourists for local products,
displayed at local shops.
2.1.16 TRADE AND COMMERCETrade and commerce is negligible in the
region
2.1.17 INCOME DISTRI"UTIONThe household income is derived from
many farm activities, crops, livestoc%, fruit, etc., butthe income
from other sources is significant and important. These sources are
wages,salaries, pension, shop %eeping, trade and small scale
industries. $t appears that theavailable land cannot provide enough
income to the farmers. The topographical conditionsand small
holdings restrict farmer:s income from crop sector. (ue to limited
employmentopportunities, transportation and mar%eting problems of
high value crops, people have toloo% for 'obs or business in and
outside their villages to ma%e their living.
2.1.18 TOURISMAstore is among the valleys of immense beauty li%e
Eun8a, (eosai, )wat, >aghan andhaving lonely la%e. ama which is
about !+ %m from head uarter. The cultural pattern in
these areas are as interesting as its topography. The people
with their typical costumes,fol% dance, and sport provide an
interesting study. Astore valley, is also the gateway to
themountain pea%s of the >ara%orams 3Nanga Parbat4. The tourist
season remains in full
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swing from April to Gctober. There is a continuous flow of
tourists in the area from all partsof Pa%istan and eeping in view
the past trendit is e&pected that tourist traffic will increase
further in future.
S&'()*+,Hydropower Projects in Region-! Astore! "ol-II
Chapter !# $ %! H&P' (unny "iew)ahore*
+,, .istrict Census Report of /altistan! Census Publication No*
+#0! Population Census'rgani1ation! (tatistics .ivision -
2overnment of Pa3istan! Islamabad - 4anuary 55+*
1!+
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SECTION - 2
SOCIO ECONOMIC SETTINGS
T/* & C&*+
S(. D*+)(& P*
2.0 GENERAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC SETTINGS IN NORTHERN
AREAS.....................................1
1.+.! $NTG(U
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SECTION 2
SOCIO ECONOMIC SETTINGS
