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Doug Kirchner
AP Psychology, Upper St. Clair H.S.
Student Objectives:Student Objectives:
1.1. Define Define panic disorderpanic disorder, and , and identify its symptoms, identify its symptoms, prevalence, and causes.prevalence, and causes.
2. Describe and locate the help 2. Describe and locate the help available to those who suffer available to those who suffer from from panic disorderpanic disorder..
3. Explain what 3. Explain what “I” “I” can do to help.can do to help.
Warm-up:Warm-up:
Silently read the Silently read the following following
statements on your statements on your handout.handout.
Quick Review of Terms:Quick Review of Terms:
What are Anxiety Disorders?What are Anxiety Disorders?A category of psychological disordersA category of psychological disordersDistressing, persistent anxiety or Distressing, persistent anxiety or
maladaptive behaviors that reduce maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxietyanxiety
What is the DSM-IV-TR?What is the DSM-IV-TR?Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental DisordersMental Disorders
What is Panic Disorder?What is Panic Disorder?
An anxiety disorder involving:An anxiety disorder involving:Recurrent, unexpected bursts of extreme Recurrent, unexpected bursts of extreme
terror, called terror, called panic attackspanic attacks
Followed by Followed by at least 1 monthat least 1 month of: of:unrelenting fear of having another attack,unrelenting fear of having another attack,worry over the attacks’ consequences, orworry over the attacks’ consequences, orconsiderable behavior changes to minimize considerable behavior changes to minimize
future attacks.future attacks.
Who suffers from it?Who suffers from it?Prevalence:Prevalence:
Approximately 1 in 75 people Approximately 1 in 75 people (roughly 2.4 million Americans)(roughly 2.4 million Americans)
Typically Typically beginsbegins in older in older adolescence & young adulthood adolescence & young adulthood (usually 18 to 24 years old)(usually 18 to 24 years old)
2 out of every 3 sufferers are 2 out of every 3 sufferers are femalefemale
USCHS has approximately USCHS has approximately 1500 students.1500 students.
Q:Q: How many students here How many students here could potentially suffer from could potentially suffer from panic disorder?panic disorder?
A:A: 20 students20 students
How is disorder first identified?How is disorder first identified?The person experiences repeated, The person experiences repeated,
unexpected unexpected panic attackspanic attacks
Defined by the Defined by the DSM-IV-TRDSM-IV-TR as a “discrete as a “discrete period of intense fear or discomfort, in which period of intense fear or discomfort, in which FOURFOUR (or more) of the following symptoms (or more) of the following symptoms developed abruptly and reached a peak developed abruptly and reached a peak within 10 minutes:”within 10 minutes:”
See handout to identify the symptomsSee handout to identify the symptoms
What could happen w/o treatment?What could happen w/o treatment?
1.1. Avoidance behaviorsAvoidance behaviors
2.2. AgoraphobiaAgoraphobia
3.3. Depression Depression
4.4. Drug and/or alcohol Drug and/or alcohol abuseabuse
5.5. SuicideSuicide
Think-Pair-Share 1Think-Pair-Share 1
See handout for directionsSee handout for directions
#1s#1s #2s#2s #3s#3s
Biological Biological PerspectiPerspecti
veve
BehavioriBehaviorist st
PerspectiPerspectiveve
Cognitive Cognitive PerspectiPerspecti
veve
Biological FactorsBiological Factors
1.1. Vulnerability to panic Vulnerability to panic disorder tends to run in disorder tends to run in families.families.
Twin studies: Higher Twin studies: Higher concordance rates concordance rates among identical twinsamong identical twins
Biological FactorsBiological Factors
2.2. Possible imbalance of Possible imbalance of neurotransmitters involved neurotransmitters involved in arousalin arousal
Serotonin & Serotonin & NorepinephrineNorepinephrine
Smokers have a fourfold risk Smokers have a fourfold risk of a 1of a 1stst-time panic attack. -time panic attack. Why?Why?
Environmental FactorsEnvironmental Factors
1.1. Major life transitionsMajor life transitions
2.2. Stimulus generalizationStimulus generalization 11stst attack occurs in one attack occurs in one
locationlocation Fear another attack in Fear another attack in
similar locationssimilar locations
Environmental FactorsEnvironmental Factors
3.3. Learned helplessness Learned helplessness increases fearincreases fear
4.4. Maintained by negative Maintained by negative reinforcementreinforcement
5.5. Excessive focus on Excessive focus on potential threats potential threats (Cognitive)(Cognitive)
Bio-Psycho-Social FactorsBio-Psycho-Social Factors
Increased Increased vulnerability/biological vulnerability/biological
imbalances imbalances Major life transition/stress Major life transition/stress
Panic Attack Panic Attack Subsequent fear of/focus on Subsequent fear of/focus on
future attacksfuture attacks
Think-Pair-Share 2Think-Pair-Share 2
How might the problem How might the problem affect school life?affect school life?
Test/performance anxietyTest/performance anxiety Poor academic Poor academic
performanceperformance Avoidance of school Avoidance of school
entirelyentirely
Legal safeguards in PALegal safeguards in PA
Students with panic disorder are Students with panic disorder are protected by a:protected by a:
Section 504 Service AgreementSection 504 Service Agreement Not an “Individualized Not an “Individualized Education Education Program” (IEP)Program” (IEP)
Right to receive specific aids, Right to receive specific aids, services, or accommodationsservices, or accommodations
What WE can do to helpWhat WE can do to help
Brainstorm a list of possibilities with your Brainstorm a list of possibilities with your partner.partner.
Some suggestions:Some suggestions:Talk with them about possible Talk with them about possible
triggers.triggers.Stand near them in stressful Stand near them in stressful
situations (e.g. speeches)situations (e.g. speeches)
The link below will provide The link below will provide parents with info about Panic parents with info about Panic
DisorderDisorder
What professional help is What professional help is available?available? (See assignment)(See assignment)
1.1. Cognitive TherapyCognitive Therapy
2.2. Behavior TherapyBehavior Therapy
3.3. MedicationMedication
Local AssistanceLocal Assistance
Mental Health Association of Mental Health Association of Allegheny County:Allegheny County: A consumer advocacy group A consumer advocacy group
dedicated dedicated to individuals who to individuals who suffer from mental suffer from mental disordersdisorders
See your attached brochure See your attached brochure for contact for contact info and for the info and for the following websites.following websites.
Internet ResourcesInternet Resources
1.1. American Psychological American Psychological Association:Association: http://www.apa.orghttp://www.apa.org
2.2. Anxiety Disorders Association Anxiety Disorders Association of America (ADAA): of America (ADAA): http://www.adaa.org/http://www.adaa.org/
3. Mental Health America: 3. Mental Health America: http://http://www.mentalhealthamerica.netwww.mentalhealthamerica.net
4.4. MentalHelp.net:MentalHelp.net: http://www.mentalhelp.net/http://www.mentalhelp.net/
5.5. National Institute of Mental Health National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH):(NIMH): http://www.nimh.nih.gov/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/
Internet ResourcesInternet Resources
Current BooksCurrent BooksFacing Panic: Self-Help for People with Facing Panic: Self-Help for People with
Panic AttacksPanic Attacks by R. Reid Wilson, PhD by R. Reid Wilson, PhD
How to Help Your Loved One Recover How to Help Your Loved One Recover from Agoraphobia from Agoraphobia by Karen P. Williamsby Karen P. Williams
Shared Confinement: Healing Options Shared Confinement: Healing Options for You and the Agoraphobic in Your for You and the Agoraphobic in Your Life Life by Robert C. Chope, PhDby Robert C. Chope, PhD
Did You Know?Did You Know?
Charles DarwinCharles Darwin began suffering from Panic began suffering from Panic Disorder at age 28 after five years sailing Disorder at age 28 after five years sailing around the world!around the world!
He moved to the country, avoided social He moved to the country, avoided social gatherings, and traveled only with his wifegatherings, and traveled only with his wife
His seclusion allowed him to focus on His seclusion allowed him to focus on developing his theory of evolutiondeveloping his theory of evolution
Case Study AssignmentCase Study Assignment
Patient Name:Patient Name: Nick TackNick TackAge:Age: 1818Occupation:Occupation: College student College student
(freshman)(freshman)Parents:Parents: Jen and Nick Sr. Jen and Nick Sr.
(recently (recently divorced)divorced)
See handout for directionsSee handout for directions
ReferencesReferences
Click on the link below for a copy of the Click on the link below for a copy of the presentation’s list of references:presentation’s list of references:
Contact InfoContact Info
Copyright 2007, Doug Copyright 2007, Doug Kirchner.Kirchner.
Please contact the author at Please contact the author at [email protected]@uscsd.k12.pa.us or or
[email protected]@pitt.edu
if you wish to duplicate this if you wish to duplicate this material.material.
