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WORKINGSTATUSoFDISABLEDPERSONSAFTERvoCATIoNAL

TRAINING FROM THE REDEMPTORIST VOCATIONAL

SCHOOL FOR THE DISABLED' PATTAYA

KALYANEE P}IUMCTIUSREE

A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR

THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS EEIIABILITATION

SER\1CE FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES)

T"ACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES

MAHIDOL I.]NIVERSITY

2002

ISBN 974-0+1645-4

COPYRIGHT OF MAHIDOL I.'NIVERSITY1HKt+*i

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\"tittr cor rrpiirnentsof

L rru?l0l?Y1u'lau Is1?Ytu1nuHU06l

Copyright by Mahidol University

,

I

Thesisentitled

WORKING STATUS OF DISABLED PERSONS AFTER VOCATIONAL


SCHOOL FOR THE DISABLED, PATTAYA

Candidate

/tuâ {r;,,*'*,Miss.Arunee Limmanee, MSWCo-advisor

4l- ,/ '- hr/Q,-onrt bProf Liangchai Limlomwongse,Ph.D.DeanFaculty of Graduate Studies

t

iChairMaster of Arts Programme inRehabilitation Service for Persons

with DisabilitiesRatchasuda College


f Thesis

entitled

WORKING STATUS OF DISABLED PERSONS AFTER VOCATIONAL


SCHOOL FOR THE DISABLED, PATTAYA

was submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies, Mahidol University

for the degree ofMaster ofArts (Rehabilitation Service

for Persons with Disabilities)

On

April 11,2002

I

a

K&*^* 7L,,-u/rr"r*-r,ft r. Krffir; Pr,"."r,rrr*Candidate

Poo,,nlC*Jq.-La-. - .. - ... . .J. . . . .. .. . . -. --.-:::f:--.r----'Emeritus nrof. noonliE# atyaliir l,Ph.D-Chair

i.,r* fu*vMiss.Arunee Limmanee, MSWMember

k",-* .D/r,-7'-'b/'#r.ru*rir,. or,"ri"prtai. rur s.

Member

/'rl' /---:' fitYq,* ,4r^)t Prof Liangchai Limlomwongse,

Ph.D.DeanFaculty of Graduate StudiesMahidol University

Mss.Jitprapa Sri-orL Ph.D.DirectorRatchasuda CollegeMahidol UniversityCopyright by Mahidol University

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This research is perfectly finished by the kindness, sacrifice and williness to

help from Emeritus Professor Poonpit Amatyakul chairman of the committee of this

researclL Miss Arunee Limmanee, committee member and Doclor Pimpa

Kachondham who sacrific their valuable time to give me counsel, advice, way of

thinking and correcting deficiency in order to do this research perfectly.

It is grateful for the tkee persons mentioned above, also with staff of

lecturers Ratchasuda College Mahidol University, Expert Kanittha Dhevinpukdi

(Specialize to Standing Committee on Social Welfare the House of Representatives )

and the special lecturers who supported intelligence, knowledgg ideas and ways of

solving problems to the researcher. The researcher received not only direct experience

but also academic experience.

It is grateful for the Diector-Ceneral of the Department of Education, the

Director of Division of Education for the Disabled, Director of school Chalairat

Khaimuk who support the researcher to have opportunity in Master degree education.

It is thankful for Mr. Supomthum Mongkolsawadi, Principle of the

Redemptorist Vocational School for Disabled, Pattay4 Ms. Duangdow Yothasri, Miss

Akkarapan Khwanchuen, staff at the Redemptorist Vocational School for the

Disabled, Pattaya. And former students of the Redemptorist Vocational School for the

Disabled, Pattay4 who answered the questionnaires, taking participatiorq giving dat4

giving advice, making comfort, willingly help to keep data and well encour?g1ng.

It is thankful for Ms. Wanthanee Sriwichai and Ms. Margaret Donovan

@nglish tady) my close friend who have encouraged and given advice about English

to the researcher until the researcher succeeds in doing this research.

Kalyanee Phumchusree


Fac. ofGrad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. Thesis / iv

I

t

t

t

7761 RSRS/] : MAJOR : REHABILITATION SERVICE FOR PERSONS

WITII DISABILITIES ; M.A. (REIIABILITATION

SERVICf, FOR PERSONS WITI{ DISABILITIES)

KEY WORDS : WORKINGSTATUS/DISABLEDPERSONS

KALYANEE PHIJMCIIUSREE : WORKING STATUS OF DISABLED

AFTER VOCAT]ONAL TRAINING FROM THE REDEMPTORIST

OCATIONAL SCHOOL FOR TIIE DISABLED, PATTAYA, TIIESIS ADVISORS:

NPIT AMATYAKT]L, M.A., PhD., ART]NEE LIMMANEE, MSW, 115 P.

ISBN 974-04-164s-4

The research objective was to study v/orking life and vocations of disabled

their attitude to school, study ofthe basic public utility in society and attitude oflleagues and employers' behavour at theirjobs, including current problems.

The results of this study revealed there was a lot of acceptance of disabled

without emotions about their disabilities. Having a vocation is the most

important for them because it makes them feel value, dignity, equality and not a burden

society. If disabled persons have the opportunity to develop their abilities by training,

they can develop them. They are no different from the normal persons.

Job markets have no suitable facilities such as slope way, toilet, lift etc. Disabled

ple want their employers to treat them equally to normal persons, in the workplace.

accept the disabled persons' ability equally to nornal persons. Some of them

retum to their hometown and have incomes and expenses. They are a part of the

economy. 83.5 percent do not continue studying.

The disabled persons who ended studying in 2 sections of the Redemptorist

ocational School for the Disabled, Pattaya have more opportunities than the other

disabled persons.

From the results of this research, the candidate would like to offer advice to the

in administering the budget or holding fund-for development and vocational

training and to increase the budget for disabled persons, especially for the physical

disabled persons in curriculum of computer, electronics and others. There is slight

improvement of facilities for disabled persons. It's importent to support disabled persons

in living a normal lifestyle.Copyright by Mahidol University

Fac.of Grad.Sodies, Malidol Univ. Thesis / v

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CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT (ENGLISH)

ABSTRACT (TIIAI)

LIST OF TABLES

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

Background and rational

Types ofjobs ofthe disabled persons

Objectives of the research

Scope ofthe study

Vocabularies meaning

Expected research outcome

CTIAPTER II LETERATUR.E REYIEW

The Redemptorist Vocational School for the Disabled, Pattaya

The reason for the school founding

Curriculum

Qualifi cation of applicants

Acceptance

Learning English

Improvement of curriculum

Non-formal education

Administration of management

Service center of providing vocational

Concept, about working

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Super's theory of vocational development


vll

I CONTENTS (continue)

Content oftheory

Trendof-thinking about vocational rehabilitation for the disabled

persons

Way of thinking about the disabled persons employment

Barbara Murray

Way ofthinking about the rehabilitation for the disabled persons in

foreign countries

France

JaPan

The Americans with disabilities act

The research about the physical disabled persons vocation

The rehabilitation for disabled persons act

National education act

CHAPTf,R III METERIALS AND METHODS

Population and Sample qroup

Instrument

Data collection procedure

Analysis of data

CIIAPTERIV RESULTS

The results of saniples personal status

The results ofgoing to snrdy in the redemptorist vocational school for

the disabled

The results ofworking places and the surroundings

{he results ofworking after a vocational training from the

redemptorist vocational school for the disabled, Pattaya

The results oftheir emotion to the employers and the colleagues

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CONTENTS (continue)

CHAPTERV DISCUSSION

The samples personal status

Studying at the redemptorist vocational school for the disabled

Working places and surroundings

Working after finishing study from the redemptorist vocational

school for the disabled, Pauaya

CHAPTER YI RECOMMENDATION

Recommendation about the redemptorist vocational school for the

disabled, Pattaya

Recommendation for the government and organization ofgovernment

BIBLIOGRAPIIY

APPEI\DIXA

APPENDIX B

BIOGRAPITY

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LIST OF TABLE

Table

Part one

I . Personal Data

2. Domicile and present residence

3. The causes ofdisability

4. Emotion about their disabilitY

5. Maniage status

6. Place ofresident

7. How satisfr with life

8. Salary / income

9. What assistance given for daily living

10. What are you present needs

I 1. What is needed for a better life

12. Continuing education

13. Support continuing studYing

14. Monthly expense

1 5. Monthly expense (continue)

16. The sum ofsaving

17. The sum of saving (continue)

18. General health

19. Things you need for health

20.- Habitual habit

Part two

21 . The year which is finished from the redemtorist vocational school

22. What age when they finished from the redemptorist vocational school

23. Their hope when they finished studying

24. The disappointed reasons

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LIST OF TABLE (continue)

Table

25. The reasons for choosing sections to study

26. T'he opporhrnity to study in the redemptorist vocational school

27. Reasons going to study in the redemptorist vocational school

28. Reasons going to str:dy in the redemptorist vocational school

29. Improving things in the redemptorist vocational school

30. Efiicienry in vocational training

31. Helping to find out the jobs

32. Former students'advice thinking

Part three

33. Working status at present

34. The workplaces presently

35. Location ofthe markets at present

36. The workplaces presently

37. Travelling to work

38. Workin! environment

Part four

39. After finishing from the redemptorist vocational school

40. After finishing from the redemptorist vocational school

41. The age they start going to work after finish school

42. T\e agethey start going to work after finish school

43. Number ofhours worked a day

44. The number of days in orilinary working in a week

45. Over time of working and number of over times hours

46. Over time ofworking and number of over tirnes hours

47. Saluy

48. Satisfactory with your salary

49. The raise of salary

50. How often you changing yourjob

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71Copyright by Mahidol University

LIST OF TABLE (contirue)

Table

51. What the reasons ofwork changing jobs

52. Why the need to change jobs

Part five

53.

54.

55.

56

57.

Emotion and attitude ofthe employers as the disabled persons think they are

Viewed by the employers.

The opinion ofthe disability person emotion to be except and supported

The level of support the development from the employers

Their emotion about being accepting working ability fiom the colleagues

Work colleagues' feeling to the disabled persons

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. MA. (Rehabilitation Sen'ice for Persoru-rvith Disabilities) / 1

CIIAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background and Rational

In all societies it is important for people to be able to eam a living for

themselves and their families. Human beings need not only to work to make money, it

is very important for honor, dignity and be acceptance in society.

Disabled persons need work the same as people without disabilities but

tlere are many misconceptions about the disabled. In many instances they are

considered to be a burden and not accepted the same as others people in

society. Most people think that t}rey can not work because of their physical

disablity. But working will improve their capability. They have enough

knowledge and capability to make and products own their work

Disabled persons need opporfirnities to show that they are capable of

Being self-suffrcient. This will make them proud. Gving disabled persons the

opportunity to work is a goal target in the society.

After the promulgation of the Rehabilitation for Disabled Persons Act in

1991, employers are begin to think more positively about disabled persons.

(They accept their knowledge and capability as people without disabilities.) Over

time, the number of disabled persons in the workplace has increased

significantly. At the employer seminar about the Rehabilitation for Disabled Persons

Act in Sirinat Boonyakiet in 1992, employers agee that disabled persons

should have the right to be treated with respea and to live in dignity as a

human being They (between disabled persons and people without disabilities)

should be treated equally in terms of choosing a career and receiving a fair

wage-


Kalyanee Phumchusree Introduction / 2

a The disabled persons, who enter the work system or creale private businesses,

are well trained mentally, physically and spiritually . They can help themselves

and business and industry.

Disabled persons, can work in variety area of employment sectors,

computer work, programmers, electronics workers, office work and civil service

work. Employers must consider the knowledge, capability, types of disability

and the kind of work. They need to match the right job with the right person.

Participation of disabled persons in the workforce must be proportional.

If there are two hundred normal employers in the workplace, and if there are

remainders over one hundred, employers must take one disabled employee. (In

Support of the Ministry Regulations No.l, A.D.1994, Issued Pursuant to the

Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons Act, AD. 1991, No. l: 10) If the workplaces

which is serving according to the rules of the ministry of labor and Social

Welfare do not want to take the disabled employee, employers must send

money each year into the disabled capability the Rehabilitation Fund. The sum

is half of low wage rate in each area where the workplaces are located multipled

by three hundred and sixty-five (l year), plus mulitiply again in the number of

disabled employees whom the employers does not want to employer. (In Support

of the Ministry Regulations No.3, A.D. 1994, Issued Pursuant to the Rehabilitation

of Disabled Persons Act, A.D. 1991, No. 3: 1l)

When the workplaces employ disabled persons, they will receive the

benefits of Employing a capable person who happens to be disabled- When

disabled employees are supported to work and improve capabilities, employers

will increase productivity. There are examples which show that in some

instance you get more productivity from disabled persons tharr from normal

persons.

tn idditiorl the workplaces are participants in taking care of society.

The employers not only give opportunities to disabled persons who can prove

their capability and self-reliance but they can also substract 2 times the wage

of disibled persons for expences according to ministerial reguiation. This relates

a

a

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Fac. Of Grad- Studies, Mahidol Univ. MA Eehabiliation Senice for Persoru with Disabilities) / 3

to the workplaces in which there are less than two hundred employees. (the

Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons Ac! A.D. 1991, Section l8: 7)

If they employ the disabled persons, they can have the right, besides

they are accepted by societ), in country and international societies. More people

will support their work (The office of the committee for Rehabilitation of Disabled

Persons, 1999: n.d. Mimeographed. )

Nowadays the disabled person works two types ofjobs.

1. Self - Employment : Person who owns the business makes money

by himself There is no employer or ernployee. He employs himsel{, owns t}re

business, does the work by himself and may hire an assistant, @fficiency ofVocaiional education 1992: 5). Examples of self-employment are tailor,

Agriculturist owning his own farrq merchant, fornrne teller, masseur, lottery-

seller, artist, document or thesis-typegrapher, mini supermarket owner, radio or

TV or electronic utensil-fixing service. These jobs are suitable for disabled

persons who can use their bodies or can travel.

2. Open Labor-Markets :Disabled persons can select vocations according

to their interest, skill and need. Knowledge is equal to people without disabilities such

as jobs in industrial factories, jobs in offrce, typegrapher, typist, operator, computer,

electronics technician. (Narong Patibatsorakit, l99l : 104)

Nowadays privacy has an important role in the improvement of national

labor, increasd efiicency and capability in the highest degree. They decrease the

burden of govemment in budget expenses and labor shortage. (Sookhawit

Rangsitpo4 1996:6)

The research of the Thai Public Health Research Institution in the

National Public Health Foundation of the ministry of Public Health 1996

examined the suffering ofdisabled persons. They found that the disabled must

fight for honor and dignity of human beings.

At last they get success such as "The Redemptorist Vocational School

for the Disabled, Pattaya" (Supomtum Mongkolsawadi, 1996: 17)


Kalvanee Phumchxree Iltroduction / 4

The Redemptorist Vocational School for the Disabled, Pauaya is the

private vocational school in redemptorist foundation of Thailand controlled by

Private School Institution of the Ministry of Education. It is a private unit,

working in the Rehabilitation for Vacation Training for the physically disabled.

It has been opened for 15 years, many disabled persons graduated from this school

(1987-1999) as electronics technicians 36 classes 735 persons, computer studies -

26 classes, 378 persons, total: 1,113 persons. In the 1999 academic year, there were

176 students divided into 2 sections ; 1 year curriculum for electronics 167 students

and 2 years curriculum for computer studies 109 students, total:210 students (register

part of Redemptorist Vocational School) there is no follow up study the results

of this system specifically the success of graduates. We don't know whether they

can use their knowledge in the Workplace or in private business. We want to know

whether they final success or have good quality lives or what obstacles they face.

The researcher realizes the important of this and has begun to study the working

condition of disabled persons who have completed programs from Redemptorist

Vocational School . It is of use to the administrators of this school, teachers for

disabled persons, and the administrators of govemment and private institutions which

offer disabled the Rehabilitation servicq including a staff of people who wish to help

disabled persons. They can help by the right way and help them grow with quality for

the country in the future. The disabled person can work to equalize opportunities and

create opporhrnities for full participation in society.

The administration in training vocation for disable persons are efticient and in

the same opinion to number 6 of policy in Guidance Development Plan of the

Ministry of Education period 2 in (1997-2001). Work unit must be support to do

analysis, research follow up and assessment in system for being the information unit

for study and reference and using the research result in the future.

Objectives of the research

1. Study life and vocational work of the physically disability working after

they have gaduated from Redemptorist Vocational School for the Disabled, Pattaya

(course work completed from school and worked from 1987-1999)Copyright by Mahidol University

a

Fac. Of Grarl Studies, Mahidol Univ. MA. (Rehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 5

2 Study their attitude about the Redemptorist Vocational School for the

Disabled, Pattaya

3. Study problems of unit in number I and the way to solve these problems.

4. Study society of the management of basis public utility .

5. Study response of people without disabilities at all levels of employment

towards disable persons in the workplace.

Scope ofthe study

The research scope for this study was based upon the following.

l. Physically disability graduates from the Redemptorist Vocational School

for the Disable4 Pattaya Aom 987-1997 are 294 persons from computer classes

and an electronics class (from example of Yamane Taro Formula)

2. Places ofwork are in worldorce and the places where they are operating

Independently-self employed.

Vocabularies meaning

Disabled persons : Physically disability or movement finished from the

Redemptorist Vocational School for the Disabled, Pattaya

Working Stetus : Manner in working of physically disability, it is

classified into 5 classes.

1. Employers who are freelances

2. The assistant in a house, get wage from the employer who is a freelance

3. Private employee

4. Government employee

5. State enterprise employee

Quality of tife : Work and life style of disabled persons who finished

education from Redemptorist Vocational School, The important is the way of living

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Kalyanee Phumchusree Intsoduction / 6

such as working ,wage ratg income, deposit, debt and condition in travelling to work

and being the participants in society.

Quality of life is obviously related to the health. It depends on condition of

body, mind, society, economy, culture, politics and quality ofhealth in good signs.

Quality of life means not only without disease but also means living in society with

holistic atitude.

Quality of life is related to residence, food, suitable clothes and good

healtlu It also includes educatioq vocation and reasonable income. They can live in

a safe society where there is the development of both the mind and spirit.

(reseacher)

Earn their living : Physical disability or movement who finished education

from Redemptorist Vocation School can earn a wage that is not less than the low

rate wagg have their own business, take care of their family or take care of them

self, not a burden on society.

Workplace / company / factory or plant : Company or factory or store

where there are several industries in general industrial zone or exported industrial

zone in Lacom Chabang Industrial Settlement or the others where they are working.

(Supomtum Mangkolsawadi)

Expected Research Outcome

l. For the information in vocational guidance for the disabled persons to work

at the workplaces and the freelance.

2. The result of this research isuseful for the development and management

ofpolicy. It makes evaluate the success of the programs and worldorce- It is used

to develop the vocational training curriculum and asses job needs and placement

in the worldorce.

3. The result of this research will serve as

I

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Fac. Of Grad Studies, Mahidol Univ. N{.A. Eehabiliation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 7

advice to the Department of Welfare, the Department of General Educatioq the

Department of Vocational Education and the Office ofPrivate Education.

4. It is the trend to fix the instruments in labor training and maintenance.

5. It is the base, the line ofthinking in doing research. For expanding the

research frame and getting more quality.

6. It will be useful for career counseling disabled persons.


a

Kalyanee Phumchusree Litemtue Review / 8

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

Study of literature review, concept, theory, and concerned research in condition

ofthe disabled persons who finished education from Redemptorist Vocational School

for the Disable, Pattaya in Chonburi was managed presenting in steps. These are :

2.1 Redemptorist Vocational School for the Disabled, Pattaya

2.2 Concept about vacation ofpeople with physical disabilities

2.3 Concept about rehabilitation ofdisabled persons in vocation

2.4 Corcept about the disabled persons employment

2.5 Concept about the rehabilitation ofdisabled persons in foreign countries

2.6 Concept of researclq frame ofconcept in education and hypothesis in

research

2.7 Several acts involving with the Disabled Persons

2.1 The Redemptorist \/ocational School for the Disabled, Pattaya

2"1.1 The story of this school

It located at 440 Moo 9 Sukhumwit Rd. Nongprau Banglamong (the Central

of Pattaya) Chonburi 20260 on 17 rai which is still present in the same area as the

Center ofthe Redemptorist school presently, the Redemptorist church and the House.

The real area for school about 4-5 rai. It is the private school in the education type of

the Physically Disability for youth about upper 17 years old. They study modem type

and have the better quality life, free study, food and accommodation. This school was

set up by Fr.Raymond A Brenman CssR who was the Catholic priest in their staffof

the Redemptorist of Thailand since 1984. At first it was a small school, next was

getting supporting from Rotary Club in Chonburi. The first period these was the short

plan for computer course which was the curriculum during summer peroid about 10-

l5 days.

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. lv{A. @ehabiliation Service for Persons with Disabiuties) / 9

The application was announced by the Disabled Society of Thailand and the

newspaper, studying and teaching management was not specified the result of

vocation but supporting computer skill for the disabled persons.

In 1986, the school started teaching specially the finishing electronic for

disabled persons really doing worth wild jobs. The first curriculum was one year

Electronics curriculum and the beginning of 1987 opened the two years computer

programmer curriculum.

In 1987, it was school registration as section 15(2) by the Act ofthe Private

Education 1982, in controlling of the Private Education Oftice, the Ministry of

Education. The Redemptorist Vocation School for the Disabled, Pattaya realized the

necessarity in vocational training of technologr for the disablcd persons because it

was the lacking vocation experience knowledgr Thailand at that time.

During 1986-1989, this school faced with problems of teacher changing and

the time it was unclear beginning in studying-teaching management and the

administration. The students and teachers to manage everything effectly and revealed

to society in the skill ofvocation and activities.

In 1990, there was a new curriculum in Computer section; adding one year

computer officer curriculum in order to give more choice for the students who did not

want to be the programmer. During this time' it's made more clear in studying

teaching and the administration of school. In 1993, there was more choice in

Electronics section by opening hardware computer curriculum or repairing computer

to responding need in the workplace; this curriculum took one year for the students to

study. In the same year, the school started Non-Formal Education $lFE) to add to

certificate awards.

In 1{r4 saff of the redemptoris out of kindness from the order of young Jes.rs

Christ by gaining a new, Sister F-rancis Chujit Phonsuwan whom was the headmaser. The

Fesent Headrnaster is Mr. Suporrrhum Mongkolsawadi, Brother Paric Morissy is the

In 1995, the new 5 floor building was r€dy with 3,000 square meters,

class rooms and dormitories, one stair for electronics sectio4 the other one forCopyright by Mahidol University

Kalyanee Phumchusree Literatue Review / 10

computer classrooms and laboratories of Computer section, adding more students 40

percent. This building open full area in 1997.

In 1996, every classroom added life and social subject; students and teachers

exchange opinioq knowledge, and experience with each other. These was analysis of

social condition specify the students to have quality, ethics according to hope of staff

of the redemptorist; making the students to be sacrificial persons and doing to gain

advantage for society. This subject has taught since then.

In 1998, After the condition of the economic took a turned down ward. This

school faced problems about finance and providing jobs for finishing studerts. This

solved these problems by limiting how to save every tape, did not increased salary

and special bonus, adjust the curriculum; adding in subject of management of fixing

shop, fixing video and the other electric alliances. They specified the students to open

their own business after finishing study or getting some experience.

Computer section added more of graphic on the computer and c;urriculum ofgraphic computer, this less time of the computer officer spent reloading the tapes.

Every subject in very sectiorl teachers must teach virtue and ethics every period.

Problems about providing job, this school offered project about providing job

which next was tlle center of providing job for the disabled persons the redemptorist

started on 1 August 1999.

The job offers to one person, all the rest was ex pupils , who are physical

disable people. The students were helped from the teachers and several specialist

volunteers in several branches of subjects from Canada, Norway, USA and England.

The school is successfully and famous due to the hard work of all the staff and

administratio4 pulling together for the good ofthe school past and present.

At present work of school to expanded more widely considering problem

from statistics ofthe finishing in all oftwo sections each year.


Fac. of Gnd. Studies, Mahidol Uni\,. I{.A. (Rehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / I 1

Number of finishing students in each section from 1984-2001

Year

Numbers of finishing students (person)

Computer Electronics

1984 4

1985 16

1986 t4

1987 27 2t

1988 20

r989 53 19

1990 56 26

1991 48 23

1992 56 26

1993 53 25

r994 51 46

1995 60 53

1996 58 38

1997 63 27

I998 60 JJ

1999 55 55

2000 69 62

2001 36 60

2.1.2 The reason for the school founding

The redemptorist, Brother Reymond Brennen founded "The Redemptorist

Vocational School for the Disabled' for disabled youth to have opportunity and get

out of the handicap status. Disabled persons will be the persons who continue these

objectives and to help people in troublg as the slogan states "The rehabilitation for

the development of life and society." The disable persons have the problem their

ability to make their own way in lifg due to poverty and lack of educationalCopyright by Mahidol University

Kalyaner Phumchusree Literatue Rsr/iew / 12

opportunity. Those who are unable to do their vocational training or help themselves,

it add to the burden of family community and society The handicap persons, they face

with several problems, they are the offen victims of the crocked society, their cruel, is

not report in the news. They are brought up 'secretly' in the family, have a lot of

pressure for not caring. Department of Public Welfare. The other units of the

govemment try to rehabilitatate; there are the offrcers for helping the disabled

persons at the shelter workshop of vocational training center. The helping and

support in many way is according to the vision at the time of the high

administrators. These are not enough qualification person for the number of disabled

persons, who needs support. The needs and awareness to the cause ofthe disable in

society .

2.1.3 Cun'iculum .

It is classified into 2 sections at this school. These were

2.1.3.1 Electronics section : The curriculum run for 1 year 5 months.

The students study in classroom for I year and practical session the work for 5

months. They must finish Prathomsuksa 6 before they can study in this course.

These are main subjects such as primary electronics, primary digital, primary

computer, principle of repairing equipment; such as radio - TV, video, microphone,

C.D. player, fixing board of hardware and software circuits boards. Practical the work

is skill adding in profession way, which they put into practical the theory ofwhat they

study in classroom. The workshops or any place in the workplaces for learning and

getting experience in administration the running a business or shop. The students who

finished education here can manage their own_shops.

2.1.3.2 Computer section : The students who finished Mattayomsuksa

can study in this sectioq divided into 4 curriculum.

1. Progrannmer cource : The students must study for 2 years,

main subjects such as primary computer, principle of writing a primary programme,

typing in Thais as well as in English, using ready programmg installing program and

primary solving problems, writing upper stage program. Networking and every

student must develop system and a project before finishing education.Copyright by Mahidol University

Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Unh'. MA (Rehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities)-/ 13

2. Graphic computer and electronic course commerce after

completed : 2 years study in programme course. The main subjects are the same as

progr:ammer course except study, emphasize more on graphical programme side. The

is programme cord is draw so they, contained of academic confident and tests, to

development of Web Site and trade on intemet system. To write and designs

programme in a graphic way.

3. E - Commerce Curriculum. Advertisement by internet. There

are the subject of the Web Site Development and commerce by internet including the

securities of payment through the intemet network. This course was started in the

year 2000. The Computer Course and Computer Management Course, now include

English as a part of the currictlum.

4. Computer Curriculum and Computer Management. The

student, it has apart which contain a studies ofgeneral life skill .These contain about

preparation for worlg self management, maniage. The self analysis of several

possibility in the social realm. ( Duangdow Yothasri, 2000, interview)

2.1.4 Qualification of applicants

Male or female disabled persons over 17 years old. Finish compulsory

education or higher, electronics course: Must finished Prathomsuksa 6, computers

course: Must finished Mattayomsuksa 3.

2.1.5 Acceptance

Pass writing test and intewiew, in April and October every year.

2.1.6 [,earningEnglish

In 2 sections, students are allowed to study English to add skill listening

speakin& reading, and writing which is started by foreign volurteers and many

supporting experience activities intemal or extemal school zuch as sports, music,

participation in social activities, travelling and study working in several places.

(Curriculum for learning, teaching 1997 24)

2.1.7 Improvement of curriculumCopyright by Mahidol University

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Kalyanee Phumclusree Literatue Review / 14

There is curriculum improvement in each semester; teacher staff discuss about

the result of learning and teaching, problems and obstructiorl examination of

improvement of contents in curriculum or sometimes checking the whole curriculum.

(Cuniculum for leaming teaching 1997:24)

2.1.t Non-Formal Education Center (NFE)

In Redemptorist Vocational School, there is the suitable surrounding for

living. The administrators of this school realize the importance to manage adding

education so they participate with Exemal Education System Center at Bang-La-

Mung to manage the extemal education for disabled persons in school, for adding

knowledge and develop higher certificate. The students who finish Prathomsuksa 6

after training vocation they have Mattayomsuksa 6 certificate. If there was no school

like this, this disabled students wouldn't have opportunity. Nobody knows how many

there axe, students who can't learn in this school.

2.1.9 Administration of management

This school is administrated by the disabled persons so they know well the

needs of the students, the capability level, and limit ofthe students, also, the students

extremely cooperate with teacher in doing everything. So it is not srange that there

are full classrooms in the whole week but the problems are about their different basis

in knowledge; the teachers have to be patient, use extra skills in teaching.

2.1.10 Service center of providing vocation

Every semester before the students finish educatioq there are providing

vocation by themself by sending a lot of letters to many kinds of mass media. If the

employers are interested in thenr, they will interview and accept these students. The

information which weie sent out are information about themselves such as

knowledge, capability, disability or limit of physical disability. The employers make a

decision to accept their suitably. Sometimes, there is a misunderstanding between the

employers and the disabled persons who think the employers is to blame them

because of their disability. But this has never happened with the students of

Redemtorist Vocational School.

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. MA. (Rehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 15

2.2 Concep\ about working

The importance of vocation

Somnao Khajornsin (1987:l-2) said that working is important for living in

many ways by deep meaning.

2.2.1 Working is the source of income for income in basis cost of living.

2.2.2 Work is concerned with human society. Someone relates each other

by working more together. Working is the condition showing and person roles in

society.

2.2.3 Persons can find their characters zuch as capability, interest and skill

by working.

2.2.4 Persons realize their value and dignity by satisfaction in working

and success in working training. It makes them proud and contented. The growth and

the firmness of country partly depends on their view of vocation training of the

people. Ifthe people work as they have knowledge or capability and skill they will be

a growth in the economy, otherwisg people will have problems in working such as

unemployment, work below their kno_wledge, capability and ability. This will cause

economic problem and political problem. Working and having suitable work is the

most important thing for a country, to help itself in the employment workplace.

Super's theory

Super (1957,243-250) presented the theory ofthe development ofvocation

Super's theory is inlluenced on 3 ways :

1. Self-concept theory said that behavior is the sequence

attitudeestimation or self-knowing or self-concept these have been dweloping

baby needs, child need and teenagers. Family and surroundings in making

concept are parents, teachers and friends.

2. Buchler's work : He used Ginxberg's concept which concerned with

natural development. In decision to select vocatio4 Bucl er presented vocational

development stage like this.

from

from

self-


Kalyanee Phumchusree LiteratEe Rsview / 16

2.1 Growth stage from birth to 14 years. The development in this

stage is general. It is self-concept development about capability attitude, interest and

need. Growth is divided into 4 periodes.

1. Prevocational substage : From birth to 3 years, children have

quickly physical change.

2. Fantasy substage : From 4-10 years, children will imagine

about this vocation as they dream.

3 . Interest substage : From I I - I 2 years, children will be interest

in vocatiorq their interest in based on their like or dislike

4. Capability substage : From 13-14 years, children realiz* to

the importanc€ ofself-capacity as the basis vocational examination.

2.2 Exploration stage : From 15-24 years persons will explore

tiemselves and explore vocation in order to find out the information and experience

which is got from activities in school and extra work. It is divided into 3 periode.

l. Tentative zubstage :From 15-17 years, persons will exam and

try to select vocations by using several reasons such as needs, interest, capability,

however; they do not make a decision.

2. Transition substage : From 16-21 years, persons will exam to

select vocation from several causes which are the real condition such as education

opportunity, vocational opportunity.

3. Committed trial substage : From 22-24 years, persons decide

to try practising work.

2.3 Establishmetrt st ge : Frcm 2540 years, persons start to v/ork

permanently, when they find the suitable work. If they do not find the suitable or

satis$ing worlg maybe there is any changing in 6arly

Committed trail stage is divided inro 2 periods.

1. Comn tted trail substage :From 25-30 years, it is the period

that persons decide to do any vocations but it is not suitable or satisfoing or satisfying

vocatioq maybe there is my changing.

2. Stabil.ization substage :From 37-M years, persons can find

the suitable work and start to work for capacity.

yar of 25-30 ye{!rs.


Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Uni]/. IVLA. (Rehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / t7

2.4 Maintenance stagc : From 45-65 years, persons will do

vocation steady and make progress in their vocation.

2.5 Decline stage : From upper 65 years, efficiency in working

will be declined of old age and stop workin& retirement.

3. Physicalogr of individual difrerences and the analysis of vocational

self concept

It is believed that persons have different capability and qualification in

doing jobs. ln seleaing vocatiorl nobody only has suitable personality (capability,

interest, specialization and other skills) for each vocation. Each person can try several

vocations and there are not one suitable vocation for that one person. Vocations can

be suitable for several personality and many persons for this sake, Super explained

vocational development process by development task. It means different parts ofdifferent life periods. It is shorvn in the table below.

Vocational development age I year general personality

Crystallization 4- 18 persons are interested in

vocation planning by using

self-vocational informatioq

interest and preferring for

examination

Specification 18-20 Persons give up vocational try

but they specifically select any

vocations.

Implementation 2l-24 Persons are education from

education and start to v/ork

Stabilization 24-35 Persons use their'capability and

experience in workii,rg firmly

Progress 35 Persons make progress in doing

vocation


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Kalyalee Phumchusree Literahr€ Review / 18

Content oftheory

1 . Development of vocation in continuous process, generally, there is no

tuning back.

2. Development of vocation is the step process and can be predicted.

3. Development of vocation is the process which continued all the time

4. Self-concept started from childhood and it is obvious in teenage and

Effected to the development ofvocation in adolescence.

5. Persons will realize about the real condition of selecting vocation when

they are early teenager to adult.

6. Relationship and parents' vocation influenced on the vocational

selecting of sons or daughters.

7. The progress in working related to wisdoq parents' economic-social

conditioq need preferring interest and skill in doing relationship.

8. Branches of vocation which persons select is depends on interest,

preferring, need, parents' influence, source used in that community, level or quality of

educatio4 structure and trend ofvocation and the attitude ofthe community.

9. Though each vocation needs extra character in capability, interest and

some personality, a lot of persons do a lot vocation . There is a vocation for each

person.

10. Satisfaction in work and life is depends on working in vocation which is

suitable for capability, interest, preferring and other personality such as social activity.

I l. Level of satisfaction in vocation is ratio to revel ofusing self-concept

about vocation.

12. Work and vocation is emphasizes the importance of the personality,

though someone emphasizes another such as social activity.

Freud, Nuansiri Paorohit, 1998. refered to Supornthum Mongkolsawadi,

2001. said that working makes us feel touching with the real life. Adler thought that

the meaning of life depends on working, making meaningful relationship with the

others and being able to love. Mark thought that jobs are economic necessary for

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Fac. of Grad. Studies.Mahidol Univ. MA. (Rehabilitrtion Service for Persotrs with Disabilities) / t9

people and Nuansiri Paorohit Q99a: +5) said about the objectives of human working

for 4 items :

1- For the economic respond result, working helps people have income for

d themselves and family.

2. For social objectives in making relationship with the others and the

indicators showed the social status ofpersons.

3. For self-development for using perfect ability and leading to the perfu

characters of human beings.

4. For relaxing the selfishness and self-center.

Catholics believe that God creaed human beings to keep his commandment

as given on Sermon on the Mount. Believing in practcise, the Tenth commants is a

practicing to love each other, kindness and doing good thing human beings were after

death to go to heaven.

Practise Dhamma: Practising Dhamma is doing their duties best for the

happiness of Buddhist. Buddha that Pikhoo said that human beings were bom to

practise Dhamma. Practising Dhamma is doing their dutied best as the Sermon ofBuddha. It reveals that in each religion has the way to be peace and happy in the-

world. All religions teach everyone to be good love believe and practise as the

teaching of each religious principal. It is the meaning of the value of a way of life in

society which speci$ on doing their duties or working their vocations.

Nuansiri Paorohit (1998) referring in Supornthum Mongkolsawadi 2001: 73

mentioned to the theory of choosing vocation Aom several persons, studying. lheywill be offer next-

1. Hoppock's Composi-te Theory said that choosing vocation

responsiveness of need which is several; physical or mental need. It

specification in choosing voqrtion which respond each self-need, however someone

does not clear of his need and deciding. Someone may work and finds out thing to

respond his need. Knowing oneself and vocation is important for choosing vocation

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Kallanee Phumchusree Literature Review / 20

and we can always change our vocations if we feel that changing makes us get the

respond better.

2. Eolland's Theory of Vocational Choice thought that human beings use

vocation as the symbols of characters. If persons choose vocations the same as their

charu*er into 6 groups : character that is. interested in things which can be touch

character of persons who analyse and reasorL character of persons who like to plan or

economic advantage and character of persons who are interested in objects, like

neatness and conservative.

2.3 Trend of Thinking about Vocational Rehabilitation for the DisabledPersons.

Duangkamol Pornchamni (Mimeographed page 1) said that rehabilitation

means supporting the disabled persons to help themselves, zucceed in participation'

with the others in society and there is self esteem. The involving persons adjust the

surrounding to help the disabled persons, protect the right of ther4 train them to

develop their ability most, glve them opportunities to live in the society as a member.

Kanittha Dhevinpukdi (1997: 23,43) an social worker expert of the

Department of Public Welfarg who has experience in doing parental duty of the

disabled persons for 20 years, said that there should be the rehabilitation in training

the suitable vocation for each disability, for making them know and be able in each

subject to work for eaming their lives and families. They can make use for society,

have self esteerq right and freedom as the other people without disabilities.

Supporting right and opportunities for the disabled persons to do vocation, must have

someone who helps and advises :

1, Vecational Guidance Ollicens who give data, detail, how to train

vocation make understanding and give advice in many ways. These were used for

decision in choosing training subjects which were suitable for the disability or lead to

employment or being the freelances. They advise the disabled persons to adjust

themselves with working status and surrounding and being happy to work with the

others with strength and patience, knowing to solve problems for efticiency work of

the workplaces and their own husiness.Copyright by Mahidol University

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Uni! . t{.A. @ehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 2 I

2. Vocational Training Oflicerc who give knowledge, experience,

adding skills, ability and specially in each vocational subject given. They train by

participating and co-operating with several special omcers.

3. Job Exploration or Job Placement who provide job for thern,

advise the places ofjobs which are suitable for knowledge and ability, especially the

positions, family ready status and physical environment . And the job explorations

must be trainers or counselor during trying work period readily to help them solve

several problems and join together with work units, vocational of;ficers, employers

and colleagues of the disabled persons in order that their work will be efficiency.

International Labor Organization, ILO said that vocational rehabilitation

means series or one part of rehabilitation process with vocational service such as

vocational guidance, vocational training and vocational choosing provided for the

disabled persons for developing themselves to the suitable employment and they said

about the disabled persons who have disability from working 2 items.:

1. There must be caretaken for the safety and health of workers to

prevent accident and protection clothing in the working environment .

2. Health and Safety ofthe workers or relatives must have the right to

receive reward or pension when the workers is wounded or die from working accident

In 1955, The Internationel Labor Organization announced the

Recommendation 99 the principals are . . . ..:

l. The disabled persons have the rights to receive the rehabilitation for having

enough skill in working.

2. The vocational training ofthe disabled persons also means the indication of

the obstruction met in working and the way to solve those problems.

3. The government has duty in the administration, development and supporting

the budget in the vocational training service.

The lnternational Labors Organization has the important role in the

rehabilitation of the disabled persons in international level, especially it has been

since 1981; United Nations Organization announced that it was the year of the

International disabled persons. The International Labors Organization gave several

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Kalyanee Phumchusree Literah[e Review / 22

policies about the rehabilitation of vocation and emploSrment, having the basis ofequalization of opportunity and full participation.

2.4 Way of thinking about the disabled percons employment

Barbara Murray, (Murray,l997: Mimeographed), senior expert of vocational

rehabiltation of Intemational Labor organizatio4 ILo gave the way of thinking forthe disabled persons employment for 4 types :

2.4.1 The employment in the Sheltered Workshop: the employment

or working in the Sheltered workshops means sending the disabled persons to workin the factories or workplaces which are managed by the govemment, by closely

following up to look after the disabled persons' working, specis much disability orwithout skill in working.

The sheltered workshops still offer service in many countries but the majorityof them are replaced by the disabled persons employment in supporting system

because the expense is high in the administration ofthis system. The disabled persons

have worked in this system for a long time, a few of them leave for working in the

open system. The products from the sheltered workshops are not in the standard

quality. The Labors in this system do not receive the legal protection, there is nogood relationship with the markets system and the markets are limited.

2.4.2 The disabled persons employment in the Supporting System: Inthis systerq the disabled persons will have career advisor to look after or in to the

type of worlg on thejob training. Thii is suitabre for the disabled persons who are

mentally or learning difficulties persons who have no basic knowledge or workexperience. The job advisor will contact between the fagtories and the disabled

persons in order to manage the work to the employer's aim. The type of the

administration is limitation of the workplaces in the small business, receiving

temporary iobs such as cleaning gardening and the jobs which the disabled persons

must do them by himself / herself rhe job training will look after him/her and advice.

This including with always visited to give moral support. The job advisor and trainerCopyright by Mahidol University

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. lyLA. (Rehabilitation Senice for Persons with Disabilities) / 23

always give advice and immediately solve the problems for the employers and the

disabled persons. This makes the disabled person more patient than the others.

The advantage of this type of employment is that the disabled persons will

have learning and work developing and they can go into the open employment

systenL because the condition and the surrounding of working are the same as

working in open employment system.

2.4.3 The employment of open system : The disabled persons with

ability will be employed in general workplaces but the important problem for them is

the employers' attitude which is own the ability ofthe disabled persons.

The important aim of the rehabilitation is that the disabled persons can live

gracefully in families and communitieq have equal role to the others and get standard

incomg so there is the campaign for changing the attitude of people to be in the nice

way and accept the ability of the disabled persons to be the members of the society

can take part in and have the roles as the others gracefully and efficiently.

2.4.4 Frer. vocation : It is the self business; a small business can be

managed by only one disable person or with a few colleagues. Doing free vocation is

important to have specific vocational education. The business adminiSratioqhelp to

support free vocation by purchess ofraw material and loans for the business.

Barbara Murray (Murray, 1997: Mimeographed) offered several ways the

compaign in order that the disabled persons get thejob :

1- They use mass media spread out information about the quoted

better figure ofpersonnel, the administration ofthe organizations and involving unit.

2. Training to add skill and develop the ability ofthe disabled persons,

these make them to be the lalue persons for taking place in the society as ttre people

without disabilities.

3. Using ethics to the employers such as giving rewards to the

workplaces where there is supporting on the disabled persons employment.

4. The employers are important to be the information resource for

telling the other employers. This is more believable than the government officer's

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Kalyanee Phumchusree Literature RevielY / 24

telling; relaying the information from one to one in the parties, playing sport and the

conferences of the employers.

5. The regulation: The law ofordeq $are in practicing or enforcement

to make the employment system fair.

6. The jobs are reserved vocation for some kind of the disabled people,

such as looking after the parlq operators, in Denmark, other must ask for permission

to sell newspapers and the disabled persons first right to receive employment. In

Ireland, couriers, coffee waiter are resen€d for the disabled persons as they axe

intelligence and able to learning a trade. This type of work is not preferring because

they is not vocations trade, as it low income and no advancement in learning.

7. Helping the employers about mahod of finance zuch as the payment

for supporting the wage, tax deducatio4 lower society insurance payment, the

payment for improvement of the workplaces suitable for the disabled persons. The

others, helping in several services such as academic service, job analysis suitable for

the disabled persons, job each service and guidance service for solving several

problem.

8. Guidance for helping the disabled employees : It is the service of

personal helping communication and transportation, physical instumentq facilities, and

vocational insffuments for the disabled po'sons.

Now, the disability the right to be successfully. A lot of disabled persons who

are not discouraged a when difficulty in working or they ignore by society be aware

of their handicaps. Several disabled persons in Thailand and the other countries

zucceed in their several vocations and they render service to the society; this is the

acceptanable.

2.5 Way of thinking about the rehabilitation for the disabled persons

in foreign countries

Barbara Murray (Murray, 1997: Mimeographed) said that the employment in

ratio system in each country were not the same but the meaning and aim are the same.



The employers must get the disabled persons to work as the ratio of normal

employees.

2.5.1 France

The employment in the ratio system of France was fixed that the workplaces

with upper 20 employees must employ 6 percent ofthe disabled persons and if they

employ the serious or a lot of disability, they can be considered to count that

employee more than one person. If the workplaces do not employ the disabled

persons, they are allowed to send the money to the fund or make promise to buy the

products from the government factories-

The law about getting the disabled persons to work in the ratio system . France

was agreed by the council of the employers under the condition ,there were the

representatives of the employers be the committee to manage the money ofthe fund.

The results of the fund administration during 1994-1995 showed that there

were the employment ofthe disabled persons 36 percent, sending the money to the

fund ztO percent, both was about 14 percent of the work force. It revealed that the

employers choose sending money to the fund instead ofthe employment because they

were afraid of several problems such as improving work places, the other was the

head of employees had no time to train the disabled persons. The money of the fund

in 2538 was about 282 million francs.

In 1995, The fund administration of France spent money on the advantage of

the disabled persons as followed. :

63 percent ofthe fund was donate d from employer

Spend money on preparing for the rehabilitatioq provide facilitiea and

other instrument 12 percgnt.

3- Help the disabled employees 8 percent

Help the employment 7 percent

Use money the campaign for the safety protectio4 ensure for the disabled

persons 3 percent and give participation of the disabled persons to holding

seminar

6. Spand money on reserving of some vocation for the disabled persons 5

percent Copyright by Mahidol University


7. Spend money on the others 2 percent

2.5.2 Japan

ln Japaq people, people without disabilities or disabled persons who want to

work will register at The Office of Work Providing The Ministry of Labors. And they

were finding out the jobs. In 1980, there were the physical disabled persons about

26,000 persons and in 1990, they increased to 47,000 Persons; it meant that in l0

years, the adding was 1.8. The mentally disabled persons, during 10 years, the adding

was 2.8; ftom 3,183 persons lo 8,900 persons. During last 10 years, the numbers of

disabled persons need to work but they didn't work was more and more increased.

The companies which provided the jobs for the disabled persons served as the advice

of the rehabilitation about the disabled persons' vocation of the International Labors

Organization (ILO), said atout the process of vocational rehabilitation in sequence

and relationship. The vocational rehabilitation not only means providing the jobs but

also pass the process of doctor, education and societn including the vocational

training, guidance about suitable vocation and the following up after working.

The administration of the rehabilitation of the disabled persons in Japa4

believe in method of USA. And countries in Europe ; the responsible units of this

work are The Ministry of Labors, The Mnistry of Public Health and Welfare, The

Ministry of Educatioq General government units and local units, private unit; the

society of supporting the employment ofthe disabled persons in Japan.

The administration about this starts the service from giving advicg assessment

of the ability which is suitable for what kind of worlg what the special ability are,

6 week preparing readiness before vocational training, 1 year vocational training.

There is the study of this sequence to improve it all the time. In U.$.A and countries

in Europe support the disabled persons to practical preparing them for vocational

training at the companies or the workplaces. Training at the companies makes them

know which part of work need the disabled persons in order to improve the

curriculum ofthe disabled persons' vocational training. Disabled persons in Japan are

the physical disabled persons is 26 percent, intellectual disabilities 34 percent and

behavioral disabilities 40 percent; it revealed that mentally disabled persons and


Fac. of Gnd. Studies, Mahidol Univ. MA. (Rehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 27

mentaly disabled pasons asked for using vocational rehabilitation service in several

vocational training center more than the physical disabled persons.

In 1983, The Ministry of Labors in Japan had the survey of workplaces which

have works since five and more than that how many disabled employees were

employed. The results of the survey revealed that there were the employment of

physical disabled persons 314,000 perso i, mentally disable persons 36,000 persons,

total were 350,000 persons.

The workplace with 5-29 persons not more than 30 persons employed the

physical disabled persons 45 percent, the mentally disabled persons 51 perceff. Ifthere was the comparison of the workplace with 500 persons or more, employed tlle

disabled persons in less quantity than the small workplaces.

KazumiEu Yonekawe, the director of the National Vocational Rehabilitation

Center for Disabld sai( cornment of that the rate ofthe employment for the disabled

compared with the general population showed that the private workplaces with more

than 63 employee employed the disabled persons 1.6 percent.

Beglnning in 1916 by the law, required companies to employ the disabled

persons. Since 1990 they have been employed 241,000 persons by this -system"

an

addition of 110,000 persons. During the period of 1976-1977 the rate of the

employment for the disabled employment was at 1.09 percent . Initial 16 years, the

employment rate was 1.41, showing 0.32 percent. The law 1.6 percent, l.4l percent

can increase of lower rate by 0.19 required percent rate .The actual consistently the

rate of employed to the disabled in last 16 years,has fluctuated. The larger companies

employed the disabled at a lower rate than the smaller companies, adding of

employment of people without disabilities. Branch of the industries which only

succeeded 1.6 percent in branch of mineral mine and t}e industries of production. In

service industries employed only a few disabled persong were more were

employed in the industries ofproduction.

Japan industry structures shifty the employment from the production

industries to the service industries the trend of the increasing shift of employment of

the disabled persons from the production industries to the service industries. A topic

of consideration, if there were an increase number of able bodied employees, theseCopyright by Mahidol University

Kalyanee Phumchusee Literature REview / 28

was a lower percentage of employment of the disabled persons with acquire brain

injuries or intellectual disabilities where rarely employed.

2.5.3 The Americans With Disabilities Act

Barriers to employment, transportatiorL public accommodations,public

services, and telecommunications have imposed staggering economic aad social

costs on American sociay and have undermined our well-intentioned efforts to

educatq and employ individuals with disabilities. The Americans with

Disabilities Act will enable society to benefit from the skills and talents of

individuals , to gain power and ability to use it, to fuller productive lives .

The Americans with Disabilities Act gives civil rights protections to

individuals with disabilities similar to those provided to individuals on the

basis of race, color, sex, national origq age, and religion. It guarantees equal

opportunity for individuals with disabilities in public accommodations,employment,

transportatio4 Stae and local government services, and telecommunications.

Enforcement of this landmark civil right legislation is a high priority of

the Federal Government. This booklet has be designed to provide ahswers to

some of the most often asked questions about the new law.

This publication was printed with the generous support of the National

on Disability

What employers are covered by title I of the ADA' and when is

The coverage effective?

The employment provisions apply to private employers, State and local

govemments, employment agencies, and labor unions. Employers with 25

more employees are covered as of luly- 26,Employers with 15 or

employees will be covered two Years later, beginning luJy 26, 1994.

The ADA prohibits discrimination in all employment practices, including

job application procedureg hiring firing, advancement, compensatiorL training,

and other terms, conditions, and privileges of employment. It applies to

)olmore


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Fac. of Grad. Studies, lvlahidol Univ. lvlA. (Rehabilitation Sen'ice for Persons with Disabilities) / 29

recruitment, advertising tenure, layoff, leave, fringe benefits, and all other

employment-related activities.

Employment discrimination is prohibited against "qualified individual

with disabilities."This includes applicants for employment and employees. Individual

is considered to have a "disability" if she has a physical or mental impairment

that substantially limits one or more major life activities, has a record of such

an impairment, or is regarded ,a tnown association or relationship with an

individual with a disability also are protected.

The first part of the definition makes clear that the ADA applies to

persons who have impairments and that these must substaatially limit major life

activities such as seeing, hearing speaking, walking ,breathing performing manual

tasks, learning caring for one sel{, and working. An individual with eplieply,

paralysis, HIV infectioo,AlDS, a substantial hearing or visual Impairment, mental

retardatioq or a specific leaming disability is covered, but an individual with a minor

non chronic condition of short duratiorq zuch as a sprain, broken limb, or the flu,

generally would be covered.

The second part of the Acts of the definition protection individuals with a

record of a disability would cover, for example, a person who was recovered from

cancer or mental illness.

The third part of the act definition protects individuals who are regarded as

having a substantially limiting impairment, even through they may not have such an

impairment. For example, this provision would protect a qualified individual with a

severe frcial disfigurement from being denied employment because an employer

feared the "negative reactions " ofcustomers or co-workers.

A qualified individual with a disability is a person who is meets- legitimate

skill, experience, educatio4 or other requirements of ari employment position that

Vhe holds or seeks, and who can perForm the "essential function" of the position with

or without reasonable accommadation. Requiring the ability to perform "essential"

functions assures that an individual with a disabiliry will not be considered

unqualified simply because of inability to perform marginal or incidental job

functions. If the individual is qualified to perform essential job functions except for

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limitations cause by a disability , the employer must consider whether the individual

could perform these functions. If a written job description has been prepnred in

advanc,e of advertising or interuiewing applicants for a job, this will be considered as

evidencg although not conclusive evidence, of the essential functions ofthejob.

An employer have to give preference to a qualified applicant with a disability

over other applicants.

No. An employer is free to select the most qualified applicant available and

to make decisions based on reasons unrelated to a disability.

An employer may not ask or require ajob applicant to take a medical

Examination before making a job offer. It cannot make any pre-employment inquiry

about a disability or the rrature or swerity of a disabilrty. An employer may, howwer,

ask questions about the ability to perform specific job functions and may, with certain

limitations, ask an individual with a disability to describe or demonstrde how she

would perform these functions.

An employer may condition a job offer on the satisfactory result of a post-

offer medical examination or medical inquiry if this is required of all entering

employees in the same job category. A post-offer examination or inquiry does not

have to be job-related and consistent with business necessity.

Howwer, if an individual is not hired because a post-offer medical

examination or inquiry reveals a disabiliry the reason(s) for not hiring must be job-

related and consistent with business necessity. Iob-related and consistent with a post-

offer medical examination may not disqualiff an individual with a disability who is

currently able to perform esserrial job functions because of speculatioo thut the

disability may cause a risk of future injury.

After a person starts worh a medical exarnination or inquiry ofan employee

must be job-related and consistent with business necessity. Employers may conduct

employee medical examinations where there is evidence of a job performance or

safety proble4 examinations required by other Federal laws, examinations to

determine current "fitness" to perform a partiq.tlar job, and voluntary examinations

that are part of employee health programs. lnformation fiom all medical examinations

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Unir'. M.A. (Rehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) i 3l

and inquires must be kept apart from general personnel files as a separatg confidential

medical record, available only under limited conditions.

A Federal contractors and subcrntractors who are covered by the affirmative

action requirements of section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 may invite

individuals with disabilities to identifu themselves on a job application form or by

other pre-employment inquiry, to satisry the section 503 affirmative action

requirements. Employers who request such information must observe section 503

requirements regarding the manner in which such information is requested and used,

and the procedures for maintaining such information as a separatg confidential

record apart from regular personnel records.

A pre-employment inquiry about a disability is allowed if required by

another Federal law or regulation such as those applicable to disabled veterans and

veterans of the Vietnam era. Pre-employment inquiries about disabilities may by

necessary under laws to identifr applicants or clients with disabilities in order to

provide them with required special services.

A Reasonable accommodation is any modification or adjustment to a job or

the work environment that wilt enable a qualified applicant or employee with a

disability to participate in the application process or to perform essential job

functions. Reasonable accommodation also includes adjustments to assure that a

qualified individual with a disability has rights and privileges in employment equal to

those of employees without disabilities.

Examples of reasonable accommodation include making edsting facilities

used by employees readily accessible to and usable by an individual with a disability;

restructuring a job; modiffing work schedules; acquiring or modi$ing equipment;

providing qualified readers or interpreters; or appropriately modiffing examinations,

training or other programs.

A. The individual with a disability requiring the accommodation must be

otherwise qualified, and the disability must be known to the employer. In additioq en

employer is not required to make an accommodation if it would impose an "undue

hardship" on the operation oflhe employer's business.Copyright by Mahidol University

Kalvanee Phumchusree Literature Review / 32

Must an employer modiry existing facilities to make them accessible?

The employer's obligation under title I is to provide access for an individual

applicant to participate in the job application process, and for an individual employee

with a disability to perlorm the essential functions of his/her job, including access to a

building to tle work site, to needed equipment, and to all facilities used by

employees. For examplg if an employee lounge is located in a place inaccessible to

an employee using wheelchair. Under title I, and employer is not required to make its

existing facilities until a particular applicant or employee with a particular needs an

accommodation.

Can an employer maintain existing productior/performance standards for an

employee with a disability?

A An employer can hold employees with disabilities to the same standards

of production/perfonnance as other similarly situated employees without disabilities

for performing essefiial job functions. Employer consider health and safety when

deciding whether to hire an applicant or retain an employee with a disability?

The employer must establish through objective, medically supportable

methods that there is significant risk that substantial harm could occur in the

workplace. By requiring employers to make individualized judgments based on

reliable medical or other objective evidence rather than on generalizations, ignorance,

fear, patronizing attitudes, or stereotypes, the ADA recogtizes the need to balance the

interests of people with disabilities against the legitimate interests of employers in

maintaining a safe workplace .

It testing for the illegal use of drugs permissible under the ADA?

A A test for the illegal use of drugs is not considered a medical

examination under the ADA; therefore, employers may conduct such testing of

applicants or employees and make employment decisions based on the results. The

ADA does not encourage, prohibit, or authorize drug tests.

Are alcoholics covered by the ADA?

. Yes. While a current illegal user of drugs is not protected by the ADA if an

employer acts on the basis of such use, a person who currently uses alcohol is notCopyright by Mahidol University

fllrar,:,i.rt)

a,\,l^\_)"

Fac. of Grad. Studies, Service for Permns with Disabilities) / 33

"r,\3:{ne_1,!u ,1gq5\.\

\"i%,;;;i';l;,-.'{

automatically denied protection. An alcoholic is a person with a disability and is

protected by the ADA if she is qualified to perforrn the essential functions ofthe job :

The employer's obligation under title I is to provide access for an individual

applicant to participate in the job application process, and for an individual

employee with I disability to perform the essential functions of hiVher job,

including access to a building to the work site, to needed equipment, and to

all facilities used by employees. for examplg if an employee lounge is located

in a place in accessible to an employee using a wheelchair, he individual to take a

break with co-workers. The employer must provide such access unless it would

ause an undue hardship.not have to make changes to provide access in places

or facilities that will not be used by that individual for employment-related

activities or benefits.

Can an employer be required to reallocate an essential accommodation ?

No. An employer is not required to reallocate essential functions of Ajob as a reasonable accommodation.

An employer is not required to modifi, adjust, or make other reasonable

accommodations in theway a test is given to a qualified applicant or employee with a

disability?

Yes. Accommodations may be needed to assure that tests or examination

measure the actual ability of an individual to perform job func{ions rather than

reflect limitations caused by the disability.Tests should be grven to people who

have sensory speaking or manual impairments in a format that dose not require

the use of the impaired skill, unless it is a job-related skill that the tesi is

designed to measure.

Can an employer maintain existing productior/performance standar for an

employee with a disability?

An employer can hold employees with disabilities to the same standards

of production/performance as other similarly situated employees without

disabilities for performing essential job functions, with or without reasonable

rlJJ'91Sl"Y


Kalyalee Phumchusree Literature Review / 34

accommodation. Ar employer also can hold employees with disabilities to the

same standards of productior/performance as other employees regarding

marginal functions unless the disability affects the person's ability to perform

those marginal functions. If the ability to perform marginal functions is affected

by the disability, the employer must provide some tJpe of reasonable

accommodation such as job restructuring but may not exclude an individual

with a disability who is satisfactorily performing a job's essential functions.

Can an employer establish specific attendance and leave policies?

An employer can establish attendance and leave policies that are

uniforrnly applied to all employees, regardless of disability, but may not refuse

leave needed by an employee with a disability if other employees get such

leave. An employer also may be required to make adjustments in leave policy

as a reasonable accommodation. The employer is not obligated to provide

additional paid leavg but accommodations may include leave flexibility and

unpaid leave. A unifornrly applied leave policy does not violate the ADA

because it has a more severe effect on an individual because of hiVher

disability. However, if an individual with a disability requests a modification of

such a policy as a reasonable accommodatioq an employer may be required to

provide it, unless it would impose an undue hardship.

Can an employer consider health and safety when deciding whether

To hire an applicant or retain an employee with a disability?

Yes. The ADA permits employers to establish qualification standards

that will exclude individuals who pose a direct threat i.e; a significant risk of

substantial harm to the health or safety of the individual or of others, if that risk

cannot be eliminated or reduced below the level of a "direct threat" by

reasonable acmmmodation. However, an employer may not simply assume that

a theat exists, the employer must establish tkough objective, medically

supportable methods that there is significant risk that substantial harm could

occur individualized judgments based on reliable medical or other objective

evidence rather than on generalizations, ignorance, fear, patronizing attitudes,Copyright by Mahidol University

Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. lvLA. (Rehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 35

or stereotypes, the ADA recognizes the need to balance the interests of people

with disabilities against the legitimate interests of employers in maintaining a

safe workplace.

The ADA does not override health and safety requirements Established

under Federal laws even if a standards adversely affects the employment of an

individual with a disability. If a standard is required by another federal law,

an employer must mmply with it and does not have to show that the standard

is job related and consistent with business necessity. For er<ample, employers

must conform to health and safety requirements of the U.S. Occupational

safety and Health Administration. However, an employer still has the obligation

under the ADA to consider whether three is a reasonable accommodation,

consistent with the standards of other Federal lowg that will prevent of

qualified individual with disabilities who can perform jobs without violating the

standards of those laws. If an employer can comply with both the ADA and

another Federal law, then the employer must do so.

The ADA does not override State or local laws designed to protect

public health and safety, except where such laws conflict with the ADA

requirements. If there is a state or local law tlnt would exclude an individual

with a disability from a particular job or profession because of a health of

safety ris( tie employer still must assess whether a particular individual would

pose a "direct threat" to health or safety under the ADA standards. If such a

"direct threat" exists, the ernployer must consider whether it could be

eliminated or reduced below the level of a "direct threat" by reasonable

accommodation. An employer cannot rely on a State or local law that conflicts

with ADA requirements as a defense to a charge of discrimination. -ADA affect workers' compensation progr:uns: Only injured workers

who meet the ADA's definition of an "individual with a disability" will be

considered disabled under the ADA, regardless of whether they satisfy criteria

forreceiving benefits under workers' compensation or other disability laws.

Aworker also must be "qualifred ". An employer must consider work-related


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Kalyalee Phumchusree L eranrc Review / 36

mJufles

ADA.

on a &$e-by-c;ase basis to know if a u/orker is protected by the

The employment provision of the ADA are enforced under the same

rocedures now applicable to race, mlour, sex, national birth place and religious

discrimination under title VII of the Civil fught Acts of 1964 , as amended , and the

Civil fught Act of 1991. Complaints regarding actions that occurred on or after July

26, 1992, may be filed with the Equal Opportunity Commission or designated State

human rights agencies. Available remedies will include hirin& reinstatement,

promotio4 back pay, advancement of pay. Restored of benefit, reasonable

accommadation- (Available:http://mnsumerlawpage.com/brochurddisab.shtml [2001,

November 29].

2.6 The research about the physical disabled penons' vocation

Kittipong Sutti (2000, Abstract) studied and analyed deeply in quality of

the administration in supporting the disabled persons according the Act of the

rehabilitation in 1991. By interviewing 33 persons who involved with the

administration about the vocational supporting the disabled persons. It was revealed

that ifthere was the support for problem solving about the disabled person issues in

realities and effect , can support the vocation in the theory and practicing under the

way of thinking about the right of the disabled persons. Besides it has to specift the

supporting the.involving persons whose have the suitable attitude. If we adjust the

structure of the principle units ,they have duty to support and join together in

vocational supporting for the disabled persons .If they can do their duty, in a more

efficiently way of working. Also there must be academic improvement which all the

unit, specially the units of the disabled persons take post in this for,adding efticiently

in the joining together and following assessment. The majority of the interviev/er

agree with making encouragement and standard of the law for supporting the

protection of rights; and the protection of several obstruction. But resisting of society

should be bewared or avoided and he gave the advice Aom the study as the following

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Fac. of Grad- Studies, Ivlahidol Unir'. MA Eehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 3?

l. Short tenn management : It should study projects or activities in

supporting vocation also from the foreign countries and private organizations in

Thailand expending tleir srccess by supporting fiom the government.

2. l-oag term management : It should be supported to hold free

organization to do the duty in the principal units of taking care, responsibility of

supporting and joining togetho academic administration for being able to manage

under the way of tlinking about the right of the disabld persons. Besides there is

correcting, improving or adding the law about vocation for the disabled persons. It

was made clear also in zupporting protecting right, protection of practised choosing

and limiting punishment for illegal pe6ons.

Photlathem Phrlakm (19W, 75) studied quantity analysis about studying

policy of vocational upporting and factors in limiting income of movement disabled

persors. It revealed that kinds of disability related with their income because of kind

disability persons had restriction movement from the others. So the considering to get

them work and their rate of salary is necessary to consider from the rezult of wort and

adroit working this will make the kind of disability relate to the highes rare of

income.

Supreeda Khongtham (1993, Abstract) shrdied about the problem study of

need and obstruction of the disabled persons getting from vocational training at the

Center of rehabilitation in Pra-pradang the Ministry of krterior. The results of study

rwealed that problems, need to remove the obstruction of the disabled persons in

vocational training ceiler . Their own disability department, their relationship with

the others department and society. Vocational training was not as they expected

reach their airna and- objective was to get job workplaces accepted the disabled

persons to right work. Some of them wanted to retum to their hometown, to do their

own vocation training they wanted the capitat some advice for preparing in the

futurg to be able to work locally.

Suporathum Mongkolsawadi (2001, Abstrac.t) studied, analysed about the

way of vocation supporting for the disabled persons; it revealed that problem was

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Kalyanee Phurnchsree Literatue Review / 38

disabled persons were the attitude of family, community and society. This was not

correc! it was due to lacking of education, had not development and opportLrnity in

the society. Though there was the Act of rehabilitation for the disabled persons 1991,

the law of the Ministry, the Ministers' resolution and several ways and plans which

were the principal factors in supporting and dwelbping the disabled persons.

Howeveq in doing this the government and the involving units weren't interested in

them seriously and sequeftly so vocational service ofthe disabled persons was lacked

of quality and quantity. While the attitude of the workplaces mostly accept the

disabled persons with knowledge and ability, both the workplaces and the disabled

persons were unable to respond need of each others .The lacking informatio4 news

and knowledge and understanding in employment. It is the necessary to find how to

support the vocational disabled persons. The problem was a secret crisis which was

under treat and there was the impact of the durability of country .The administration

which related and responded need ofvocational rehabilitation ofthe disabled persons.

He gave advice that there was the limited of strategy in improvement of the

vocational disabled persons. There also should have the national labor institute ofthe

disabled persons for the administration signed togetha in 159 convention of the

International Labor Organizatioq Including with doing practising plan as the outline

of the convention under limitation of Thai sociay. The government should limit the

policy , let every unit and State Enterprise accept the disabled persons to work . This

included to limit the poliry of the ministry which involved to guarantee the principal

policy zuch as to adjustment of vocational education process. The right about tax or

the budget support to the companies which accept the disabled persons to worh

Iimitation to have facilities for the disabled persons in public area.

Serce Wachirathawornchai (1994, Abstract) studied about vocational

freedom rehabilitation ofthe disabled persons : study about quantity ofthe Center of

vocational rehabilitation of the disabled persons Yardphon Chiangmai revealed that

vocational rehabilitation ofthe disable persons by department of social welfare was

succeeded. It could dwelop and rehabilitate training for disabled persons about

vocation trainingand opportunity equaled to the general public. This did not cover all

ofthe disabled persons because ofthe section the quantity of officers and the budget

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Fac. of Grad. SMieq Mahidol Univ- MA (Itehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) /:g

was limited. The majority of the disabled persofft were satisfied with vocational

education which they were trained and can have really wort. They can have their

own income, did not tie burden of the society of family as in past; they were fresh

outlook on live after initial disappointment.

The most problems of vocational rehabilitation were the disability itselt, was

the obstruction to the vocational training or working after training , due physical side

ofthe disabled persons .

The Prime Minister OIIice of National Education Committec (1988)

reported the rezult of the research about the need and education opportunity of the

physical and intelligence disabled persons; it revealed that wery kind in all regions .

The need to study vocational education in high level especially in the Northern

regions. The disabled persons in choosing vocation and their attitude of their parents

and friends.

2.5 Several Acts involving with the disabled persons

2.7.1 The Rehabilitation of Disablcd PcrsonsAct in 199f (8.E.25:14)

The importance of this Act is about limitation to hold the Offrce of the

Rehabilitation for Disabled Persons in the Department of togAher a regiSer of Social

Welfare. In order for an office to work. The rehabilitation for disabled persons and

act as general register of disabled persons locally. There was the committee of the

rehabilitatio4 chairman is the Minister oflabors and Social Seanrities (in the paS the

Ministry of Interior), there was several sub-committees involving with the disabled

persons and the sub-committee ofthe rehabilitatiOn of each province. The chairman is

the govemor lilies with the zub-committee, all represertatives from the Ministries,

the departments, units involving to ,"pres"'rrtatiues ofthe disabled persons.

This Act limited the disabled persons to get some of the right of the

rehabilitation about medical treatment and physical instrument/equipment without

expense. (n Support of the Mnistry Regulatioa No.3, A.D.1994: 21) Opportunities

about educatiorq vocation and the employers who employ more than 200 person must

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Kalyanee Phurnchusree Litemturc Rffiew / 40

employ I disabled person (2537: l0). There is limitation about management, the

workplace has to be environment friendly in the public building and parking

arrangement for the disabled persons (In Support of the Ministry Regulation No.3,

AD.1991:21).

Another important item is the funding of rehabilitation for the disabled

persons, its objective is about spending money on rehabilitation for the disabled

persons. Provide funds for the disabled persons who want to do set up their owtr

business and supporting several disable activities. However the Acts is useful, many

items, must wait for the Mnistry Regulation for a long time to be implantation.

Besides, this law can not control if the involved persons do not up hold the law

Q99a:21).

2.7.2 National Education Act in 1999

Constitutionality makes several changes in Thai society, according to

educational improvement by using National Educational Act in 1999 (8.8. 2542)

According to this Act, there is the limitation involving with the disabled persons in

section 10, limitation of educational administratiorq the govemment must provide and

manager 12 year fundamental education for all people as right and equal opportunity.

It is qualitative and free education. for all people including education for the disabled

persons of all type ofdisability. The government must manage the education the right

and opportunity to receive fundamental education by birth or being disability. And the

government must manage them to have right to receive services and support from

government in the education section. (National Education Act, 1999:9)


Fac. of Grad. Studies, Nfrhidol Univ. M.A. @ehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 4 I

CHAPTER III

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The research of "Working Status of the Disabled Persons after Vocdional

Training from the Redemptorist Vocational School for the Disabled, Pattaya" It is the

quantity research divided procedure into 4 stages

3.1 Population and Sample group

3.2 Instrument

3.3 Data collection procedure

3.4 Analysis ofdata

3.1 Population and Sample group

3.1.1 The target population of this study was the physically disability or

movement who finish from Redemptorist Vocational School for Disabled, Pattaya

from. 1987-199. All are 1,113 electronics students are 36 classes 735 persons and

computer students are 26 classes 378 persons.

3. 1.2 The sample size for this study was determined by Yamane' s formula

(Yamane Taro, 1973: 725)

Formula'n

1+Ne2

n = size of sample group

N = size of population group 1, 113 persons

E = Level ofsignificance (in this study = 6,65;

This research was determined the validity of sample group at 0.05 calculated

by the above formul4 getting suitable sample group of 294 persons. The researcher

compared the ratio of the disabled persons to all of the population group. From

calculation was got the size of sample group in each section as follow:


Kalyanee Phumchusree Materials and Melhods / 42

o : 1.113

1+11r3(0.0s) 2

Electronic section

Computer section

294

194 persons

100 persons

l

3.1.3 Random sample group : Getting the suitable random sampling.

3.2 Instrument

The instrument which was used to collect data is the questionnaire as

follows:

3.2.1 Study from the texts, documentq concerning research and

interviewing from the physically disability or movement for gathering knowledge,

suggestion and inficrmalion to be the trend in making questionnaire.

3.2.2 The researcher asked advisers who are experienced persons of

disabled persons and this research.

The questionnaire consisted of 5 parts which were two multiple choice

patterns (sometime choose only one point and sometime also choose more one

points) and words filling patterq these were:

part I : Self-data (condition)

part 2 : Data about study at the Redemptorist Vocational School for the

Disabled, Pattaya

part 3 : Data about the job markets and problem in work place

part 4 : Data about the doing vocation and the vocation worked

part 5 : Data about the emotion ofthe disabled persons to the employer

workplaces and colteagues

3.2.3 Examination of quality of instrument

The researcher makes the instrument by myself by studying from the terts,

documents, concenring researclq and interviewing from the physically disability or

a

t


I

Fac. of Grad. Studies, lr4ahidol Univ. MA (Rehabilitation Senice for Persons with Disabilities) /43

movement and hand it to the expert advis€rs to examine and correct, improve the

content validity.

3.2.4 Trying instrument

The instrument was used with sample group who were the disabled persons

finished from the Redemptorist Vocational School for the Disabled Pattaya. They (20

persons) were not the real group, their ready done questionnaires were @rrected,

improved according to the obstruction found and advice of data senders. Later it was

handed to advisers to examine again, then used with real group.

3.3 Data collection procedure

The researcher s€nt the govemment service letter from Ratchasrda Collegq

Mahidol University to the lleadmaster of Redemptorist Vocational School for

information and permission to use the name's data and addresses or place ofwork of

the disabled penons who finished education from 1987-1998. When the researcher

got all the names, she did random sampling according to the group. Then she sent the

questionnaire by mail with self-addressed envelopes to sample group Aom November

2000. Sample group sent back the date to Redemptorist Vocational School within 2

week.

The frrst time : Sending the questioonaires 250 copies, received

95 copies , only 80 copies were fully answered

The second time: Sending the questionnaires 50 copieq including to

contact the persons who did not reply back the first mpies sent . 40 persons,

Using postcards; letters and long disant telephone, the research got sending

back questionnaires, got back 30 more copies.

The third time: Sending the questionnaires to each house of the

disabled p.r.o* by the researcher. About l0 persons gave l0 copies out who

answer the questionnaires brought the questiormaires to the former students 10

copies out ofthe 10 copies sent.

The fourth time : The researcher met the old pupils of the Redemptorisst

vocational school for the disab led, Pattaya. I 6 people which are presently worked for

several companies, attended the meeting and myself, in the evening, after all parties

a

t


Kallanee Phumchusree Materials and Methods / 44

had finishing work The research got the informatioa detail names, work office

telephone number from the old pupils. The researcher met and interviewed the former

students. The third and the fourth person work on the researcher on the 16 people

who we interview questionnaires.

The fifth time : The researcher got names, addresseg new telephone

numbers with the help ofthe former students whom the researcher followed up 'bymeeting at their workplace the fourth person send questionnaires out and got a back

15 copies.

All of the questionnaires from the fust to the fifth time, was a total of 161

persons.

Completed the questionnaire, a lot did not brother to sent them back The

fifth attempt getting more people to send the back questionnaires

3.3.1 The questionnaires were sent back, the post of;Ece told that they had

no names and addresses on the envelopes.

3.3.2 The houses were closed a long time, there was no one in the house,

there was not any one who knew where about or moved to.

3.3.3 They went to work in the other provinces, no one know clearly their

addresses, only knew the provinces.

3.3.4 They died of disease or accident

The time for gathering data was 3 months.

3.4 Analysis of data

This research was analyzed the data by micro computer SPSS/PCT program

(Statistics Package for the Social Sciences Personal Computer Versio4 plus) these

were

Compiling data

3.4.1. Examine the perfect of the questionnaire

3.4.2 Make the hand book and fix the data secretly

3.4.3 Fix the data secretly on the questionnaires

3.4.4 Memorandum of the data secret in Diskette


Fac. of Grad- Studics, lvlahjdol Univ. lvl-A (Rehabititation Servicc for PcrsoN ltritb Disabilities) /45

3 .4 .5 Analyze the data in memorandum by using

SPSS/PC+ program (Statistics Package for the Social Science Personal Computer

Version Plus)

3.4.6 Examine the correction of the data and compile

Statistics in data analysis

Use descriptive statistics such as percentage, average and Standard diviation


a

Kalyanee Phumchusree Results / 46

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS

Data analysis off was ollered in table with descriptions dividing into 5

prrts :

a

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

Part one 3 The results of samples personal status. Table I to 20

Part two : The results of going to study in the Redemptorist Vocational

School for the Disabled, Pattaya. Table 27 to 32

Part three: The results ofworking places and the surroundings.

Table 33 to 38

Part four : The results ofworking after a vocational training from the

Redemptorist Vocational School for the disabled, Pattaya.

Table 39 to 52

Part five : The results oftheir feeling to the employers and the

colleagues. Table 53 to 57

4.5

a


a

Fac. of Grad. Studies, \4ahidol Univ. MA. (Rehabilitation Service for Persons u'ith Disabilities) /47

Part one

4.1 The results of samples personal statusTable I : Personal data

t

a

Item Electronics Computer Total

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Sex

1) Male

2) Female

85

0

r100.0

0

4'.1

29

*61.8

38.2

132

29

*82.0

l8.c

2. Age

l) Lower 20 years

2) 20-24years

3) 25-29years

4) 30-34 years

5) 35-39 years

6) Upper 39 years

C

15

JJ

23

c

C

17.6

*38.8

27.1

10.6

5.9

2

JI

2e

I

5

J

2.C

*48-1

34.2

3.9

6.(

3.9

2

52

59

26

t4

8

1.2

32.3

*36.(

t 6.l

8.'

5.(

]. Education before going to

itudy in the Redemptorist

Vocational School for the

Disabled, Pattaya

1) Primary level

2) Pre- secondary level

3) End- secondary level

4) Certificated level

5) Bachelor degree

48

,'c

1

1

c

*56.5

34.1

8.2

1.2

C

C

31

33

4

2

c

,,48.1

-43.4

5.3

2.t

48

66

40

5

2

29.8

* 41.0

24.8

3.1

1.2

Total 85 10c 7( 10c 1i6 10c


Item Electronics Computer TotalNumber Percent Number Percent Number Percent

l. Domicilel) Northern part2) North-eastern part3) Central part4) Eastern part5) Southem part6) Bangkok

203013

8

122

23.5r35.3

15.3

9.414.1

2.4

11

2898

15

5

14.5.36.8

11.810.519.76.6

31

58)')l627

7

19.3*36.9

13.7

9.916.84.3

2. Present residence1) Northern part2) North-eastem part3) Central part4) Eastem pail5) Southem part6) Bangkok

13

2616

15

9

6

15.3i30.6

18.8

17.6

10.67.1

3

411

44,

t2

3.95.3

14.5r59.7

2.615.8

16

3027591tt8

9.918.6

16.8.36.6

6.8ll.2

Total 85 100 76 100 161 100


Table 2 : Question 4 domicile and present residence

Tabte 3 : Question 6 The causes of disability

Resuls / 48

Item(answer more than)

Electronics Computer Total


1) Bom with disability2) Parts ofthe body were cut3) By accident4) Poliomyelitis5) Half-paralysis6) Lower-paralysis7) ArmJeg paralysis8) C.P.9) Weak muscle

t4,1

2945

1

o

I0

1

16.58.2

34.1*52.9

1.2

10.61.2

0

3.5

10

11

2438

1

1

0

2

4

13.2

14.53 1.6

*50.0

1.3

2.6C

2.6

5.2

24

18

53

83

2

l11

1,]

14.9

11.2

32.9*51.6

1.2

6.8

0.61.2

4.3



Electronics Computer TotalNumber Percent Number Percent Number Percent

1) Can bear and accept

ability condition

Sorry, can't bear and can't

accept disability condition

No feelhg

Sometimes feel sorry,

sometimes can bear

2)

3)

4)

61

J

I 2

3

*78.I

3.5

t4.1

3.5

51

1

24

0

*67.1

1.3

3 1.6

c

ll8

4

36

3

*73.3

2.5

22.4

1.9

Total 85 10c 't( l0c r61 l0c

Fac. of Grad. Studies, Ivlahidol Uni\,. MA. (Rehatlilitation Service for Persors with Disabilities) / 49

Table 4 : Question 7 emotion about their disability.

Table 5 : Question E Marriage status.



1) Marriage2) Single3) Divorce4) Separate

21

51

C

31.t,,67.1

(1.1

l56C

1

c

19.it 79.0

1.3

c

421l'1

I1

26.1*72.1

0.60.6

Total 85 10( 76 10c 161 10c


Kalyanee Phumchumee

Table 6: Question 9 place ofresident

Ta-ble 7 : Question 11 how srtisry with life

Results / 50

a

I

O



1) Live with parents

2) Live with relatives

3) Rent house

4) Live with friends

5) Own house

6) House or dormitory of themarkets

4t

5

l6

I

l1

1l

*48.2

4.9

18.8

1.2

12.9

12.9

5

2

35

0

J

31

6.(

2.6

* 46.1

0

3.9

40.8

4(

1

51

1

14

42

28.6

4.3

*31.7

0.6

8.7

26.1

Total 85 l0( 7( 10c I6t r0c


Electronics Computer TotalNumber Percent \{umber Percent Number Percent

1) most satisfy2) rather satisfu3) Iess satisfii4) not satisfy

)t5C

6o

23.5r58.8

7.1

10.6

15

50

9

2

19.'l

't65.8I 1.8

2.6

35100

15

ll

21.1,,62.1

9.36.8

Total 85 10c 76 10c 161 10c


a

Fac- of Grad. Studies, IUahidol Univ. N{.A. (Rehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 5l

Table E : Question 10 salary / income

Tabte 9 : Question 12 What assistance given for daily living.

Table 10 : Question 13 What are you present nds .

T

a


Electronics Computer Total\umber Percent Number Percent Number Percent

1) Own salary2) Occasional job3) Partner income4) Parents & relatives5) Lottery sale6) Or foundation Money7) Ou.n-business

28

25

3

15

5

1

39

32.529.4

3.517.(

5.9

1.2*45,9

7C

1C

1,]

I0

J

*92.1

13.2

9.29.2

1.3

c

3.9

9835

10

226

I42

*60.9

2t.'16.2

t3.'13.'1

0.626.1


Electronics Computer TotalPercent Percent Number Percentl\utrlugl

1) Helping from society2) Helping from family3) lndependence living4 ) Career advice

4363

35

1"1

50.6,'74.1

4t.220.4

42

63

41

I5

55.3*82.9

53.919.1

85

12676tl

52.8.7E.3

47.2199


Electrodcs Computer TotalPercent Number Percent Percentr\ulrtuvr 1\l.]ltlutl

r)2)

No needNeed

21

64

24.')*75.3

t462

181*81-6

35

12C

21.',li78.3

Total 85 IOC 7( l0c 161 l0c




l) Getting a job, income,good living

2) Equipment for the disabledpersons

3) Society accepting & givirrgopportunity

4) Need to advancededucation

5) Need of money forinvestment in business /trade

164

115

64

5l

73

I

2

4

*q

3

198

8',1

64

66

30

I

2

4

J

tr5

362

202

128

1r'l

103

1

3

4

*5

Kalyanee Phumchu$ee Results / 52

Table 11 : Qu€stion 13 What is needed for a better life' in ordering from I to

5. 1r Is the highest

Tablc 12 : Question 14 Continuing education

ItemElectronics Computer Total

Number Percent Percent Percent

Continuing education atpresentl. Not contjnuing education2. Continuing education

7rt4

*E3.5

16.54432

57.9* 42.1

115

4C

*71.4

28.6

Total 85 10( 76 r0( 161 10c

Continuing education1) Pre-secondary level2) End- secondary level3) Certificated level4) Bachelor degree

1

4

2

I

*50.{

28.(14.3

7.1

0

1

2011

-c

J. t* 62.4

34.42;12

15.2

10.9,,47.8

26.1

TotaI 14 100 )l t0c 46 10c


o


Table 13 : Question 15 Support continuing studying

Item Electronics Computer Total

Number Percent \umber Percent Number Percent

)wn fundRehabilitation officeRelativesSchool. the market

I1

3a

,,57.2

7.1

21.4

14.3

21

ca

J

*84.4

(6.3

9.4

35

I5

5

,,76.1

2.110.9

10.9

Total t4 10c tl

(l0c 4C 10c

Table 14 : Question 16, monthly expense



1) Less or equal 2,000 Baht2) 2,001-4,000Baht3) 4,001-6,000Baht4) 6,001-8,000Baht5) More than 8,000 Baht

3',l

l8l5

1

I

*43.511 ')

17.(8.29.4

,1

18

25

15

11

9.2

23.1*32.9

19.',]

14.5

44

3e

4e)1l9

..'r'f 1

22.4

24.813.1

I 1.8

Total 85 10c 76 l0c 161 l0c

Table 15 : Question 16 continue

t

a

Item(answer moie than)



1) Fee for transportation

2) Expense for food

3) Fee for facilities and others

2C

78

49

23.5

91.1

57.C

2f

IJ

63

34.2

96.1

82.9

4C

151

112

28.(

*93.8

69.(


Item



1) No saving

2) Intend to save but not start

yet

3) Presently saving

32

28

25

*37.6

32.6

29.4

9

30

37

I 1.8

39.5

* 48.7

41

58

62

2s.5

36.C

*38.5

Total 85 l0c 76 l0c l6l l0c

Kallanee Phumchusree

Table 16 : number and percent ofsaving divided by subjects

Table 17 : Question 17 continug the sum of saving

Table lE : Question 18

Results / 54


Percent Percent Percentr\ultluEl Number NUtITUEI

1) Less or equal 500 Bath2) 501-1,000 Bath3) 1,001-1,5008ath4) More than 1,500 Bath

1 Ia

2

cI

*44,{

8.C

8.C

40.c

ll-15

2

9

29.1*40.6

5.424.3

')a

11

4

l9

*35.!)1 I

6.530.6

Total 25 10c 31 l0c 62 t0c



l)2)5t

Good healthFairly good health

Poor health

1

49

29

8.2,,57.6

34.1.

I5"1

l8

1.3*75.0

23.',1

8

10141

5.C*65.8

29.2

Total 85 10c 7C t0c 161 10cCopyright by Mahidol University

a

Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidot Univ. N{.A. (Rrhabilitation Service foi persons n'ith Disabilities) / 55

Table 19 : Qusstion lE conlinue

Table 20 : Question 19 habitual habit

a

t

I

Item


Percent Percent Percenttllutttugl I\lltltuEl

r)2)3)

4)s)6)

7')8)

Wheel chairArtificial legExercise and physicaltherapySplints coatStickLooking after and advicefrom doctorsBraceCushion

20.88.3

r25.{

4.2

4.2*25.(

8.3

4.2

4

0

6

0

0

2

-,

0

26.1c

*40.0

C

c

13.3

20.cc

o

2

12

1

I8

5

I

23.15.1

*30.8

2.62.6

20.5

12.82.6

Total 24 10c l5 10c 39 l0(


Number Percent Number Percent \umber Percent

1) Always Smoking

2) Smoking especially in partl

3) Always drinking alcoholic

drink

4) Drinking especially in parq

5) lnvolve with narcotic

6) Going out for pleasure at

night in the pubs.

7) Not involve with all above

items

2lc

J

3C

1

I

4C

24.'1

10.6

3.5

3 5.3

1.2

3.5

*47.1

9

3

0

24

0

J

48

1 1.8

3.9

c

31.(

C

39

*63.2

30

t2

J

54

I

6

88

18.6

7.5

1.9

33.5

0.6

3;1

i54.?


Kal)anee Phumchusree Resuls / 56

o Part two

4.2 The results of going to study in the Redemptorist Vocrtional School for the

Disabled, Pattaya,

Table 21 : Question 21 the year which is finished from the Redemptorist

Vocational School .

t

I

t

ItemNumber ofyears thatfinished

Elearonics Computer Total


l.)3.

4.5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

l0l112

13

1987198819891990199119921993

19941995

1996199719981999

l3t2l11098

765

4J,I

2

4

5

1

16

8

l13

12

5

9

1

2

1t4.15.9

8.2*18.9

9.4t2.93.5

14.I5.9

10.6

1.2

2.4

0

0

0

0

4

2

0

67

8ll21t7

C

C

C

c

5.3,6

c7.99.2

10.514.5

,,27-6

22.4

2

4

5

7

2010

1l9

19

13

20'r)19

1.2

2.53.1

4.312.46.26.85.6

I 1.8

8.1

12.4*13.7

11.8

TotaI 85 l0c r0c 161 10c


Item


Percent Number Percent Percentl\utllugt l\ullluEl

l) Lower or equal 18 years

2) 18-20 years

3) 21-25 years

4) 26-30 years

5) 31-35 years

6) Upper 35 years

t5c

il2C

3

I

fi.e10.(

*40.0

23.5

3.5

4.1

I18

39

10

5

1

1.3

23.1.51.3

13.2

6.(3.9

1(21

73

3(I

9.9

16.8.45.3

18.(5.(43

Total 85 10c 76 IOC l6l 10(

Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. MA. Eehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 57

Table 22 : Question 2l What age when they finished from the Redemptorist

Vocetional School

Table 23 : Question 22 Their hope when they finished studying


Number Percent Percent Percent

1)

2)

3)

Full hope of achieving avocationOne level could achieve

moreNot verv hopeful

21

52

C

31.8

*61.2

7.C

)1

4iI

32.9

*61.8

5.3

52

99

IC

32.3

*61,5

6.2

Total 85 10c 7C 10c 161 l0c

Table 24:Number and percent

Item


Percent Percent PercentNUmOer 1'tultluEr

1) Can't get ajob2) Don't work as they study3) The disability isthe

obstruction in working

3

2

1

50.c,,66.1

-rJ I

4

C

c

* 100.0C

C

*70.0

20.4

10c

Total 6 l0c 4 10c 1C 100


Item(answer more than 1)


1) Choice'V options2) Get vocational advice

before going to study3) Think that after training

you can get jobs easilymade more

4) Have scholarship

453C

59

9

52.93 5.3

*69.4

10.6

50

l6

58

4

65.8

21.1

,76.3

5.3

9546

1t'?

13

59.C

28.e

,,72.1

8.1


Table 25 : Question 23 The reasons for choosing sections to study

Table 26 : Question 24 Is the opportunity to study in the Redemptorist

Vocational School

R€sults / 58


1)2)3)

Same chancesBetter chanceNo opinion

531'1

5.9*62.3

31.8

3

64C

3.9*84-2

1 1.8

8

tl'136

5.0*72.',1

)') 'l

Total 85 100 76 100 161 100


a

Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. N{.A. (Rehabilitation Service for Persors rrrth Disabilities) / 59

Table 27 : Quetion 25 Reasons going to study in the RedemptoristVocational School.

t

I


!{umber Percent !,lumber Percent Number Percent

1)2)

Free scholarshipProviding job, making yousure in skill for themarkets, finding out abouta job easilyGetting more self-development than theothers, help themselves andAiendsQuality school, goodacademic administration,perfea studying andteaching, teachers and thestudents are the same

disabled persons, make thestudents feel warm as inone of the familyBetter life, live in societywithout stress

Without limitation ofqualifi cation in educatio4give the studentsopportunity to studyvocational subject

3)

4)

s)

6)

2

f

I 1

18

,i

c

4.C

12c

34.C

*36.0

l4.c

c

2

l4

2C

3.1*32.3

21.5

30.8

10.8

1.5

4

21

J I

38

t4

I

3.523.5

C

*33.0

12.2

0.9

Total <a 1 0c 65 l0c 11s r0c



1)2)

3)

4)5)6)

Study ethic and virtueHave knowledge and skillin professionGet experience in livingtogetherHave better disciplineHave free life-styleRender service to society

39

39

7'.\

4A

2537

45.9

81.2

*90.6

47.129.443.5

38

7t

67

422252

50.c*93.4

88.2

55.328.968.4

71

140

144

824789

47.887.0

*89.4

50.929.255.3

Kaly,anee Phumchusree

Table 2E : Question 25 continue

Talble 29 : Question 26 Improving things in the Redemptorist Vocational

School.

Itesults / 60

Item Electronics Computer TotalNumber Percent Percent Percentrtutllt El r\urItutI

1) Narrow classrooms

2) Closely packed bedrooms

3) Incomplete diets

4) Facilities for the disability

are not good enough

5) The accessories in studying

are not up -to-date

6) AII are good enough, need

no improvement

7) No idea because of

finishing for many years

5

9

2

7

t2

5.9

10.6

2.4

8.2

I4.l

7.1

l

1.?8.1

I

I

8

2A

14

5

8

1t

't1

10.5

26.3

18.4

6.6

10.5

14.5

* 48.7,

13

29

16

12

20

17

l

1041

I

8.1

18.0

g.g

7.5

12.4

10.6

l

l

*64.4

I

I

I

ICopyright by Mahidol University


l) The best2) Good3) Fair4) Unfair

3l39

I3

41.2i45.9

9.43.5

l84410

4

23.1*<7 0

13.2

5.3

53

83

18

1

32.9*51.6

lr.24.3

Total 85 10c 76 l0c 161 100

Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. MA (Rehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 6 I

Table 30 : Question 27 Efficiency in vocational training.

Table 31 : Question 2E About helping to find out the jobs.


1) Thebest2) Good3) Fair4) Unfair

31

21

18c

*36.5

31.8

21.210.6

1 4

4C

l84

18.4.52.6

23.',l5.3

4561

36t3

28.C*41.6

1'.' 7

8.1

Total 85 l0c 76 'r0c l6l 100



Table 32 : Question 29 Former students' advice thinking of supporting

former students or present students

Results / 62

Item Electronics Computer TotalPercent Number Percent Percentr\u!Ilutl

l) Advice about zupportingformer students or presentstudents to continuestudyrng1) None2) Have

5l34

*60-0

40.c3046

39.5*60.5

8180

*50.3

49.',]

Total 85 l0c 76 l0c 161 10c

2) Advice about supportingformer students or presentstudents to continuestudyrngl) Continue studying in

vocation of oneselfadding opportunity ofvocation training

2) Have skill, virtuq knowhow to, solve problemsby oneself

3) Have the fund tosupport studying byscholarship contiunestudying

4) Adjust the certificationafter completion from this ]

school I

30

2

2

0

*88.2

5.9

5.9

t,

35

I

4

6

*76.1

1,|

8.7

13.0

65

3

6

6

Et.2

3. 8

7. 5

7.5

Total 34 - loc 46 100 8 10c


Fac. ofGrad- Studi€s, Mahidol Uniy. N{.A. (Rehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 63

Part Three

4.3 The rcsults of working phces and the surroundings

Table 33 : Question 30 about working strtus at present."ftffi


l) Working in the job2) Used to work but now stop

working3) Freelance

41

6

38

*4E.2

7.1

44.',]

6(,

4

6

.86.8

5.3

7.9

107

1C

44

*66.5

6.2

27.3

Totrl 85 l0c 7t t0c 161 100

Table 34 : Number and Percent about the worlglaces presently.

'ItemElectronics Computer Total

llumbe Percent \lumbe Percent Numbe ?ercent

l. Factory

2. Company

3. Department Store or Shop

4. Private Office

5. Education Place

6. Government Office

7. Foundation

8. Home

9. Hotel

8

8

25

0

6

I

0

37

n

9.4

9.4

29.4

0

7.1

1.2

0

*43.5

0

6

32

J

4

t8

2

4

5

2

7.9

,42.1

3.9

5.3

23.7

2.6

5.3

6.6

2.6

t4

40

28

4

24

-)

-442

2

8.7

24.8

17.4

2.5

149

1.9

2.5

.,26.1

1.2

Total 85 100 76 100 161 100


Item Electronics Computer TotalPercent Number Percent PercentItulttugl

1) Northern part

2) North-eastern part

3) Central part

4) Eastern part

5) Southern part

6) Bangkok

12

1C

18

18

10

8

14.1

*22.4

21.2

21.2

1 1.8

9.4

I

1

11

43

I

l9

1.3

1.3

14.5

*56.6

1.3

25.0

l3

2C

29

6l

ll27

8.1

12.4

l8.c*37.9

6.8

16.8

Total 85 10( 7( 100 l6I 100


Table 35 : Question 32 about location of the markets et prcsent

Teble 36 : Question 32 continue

Resr ts / 64

Item Electronics TotalPercent Percent Number Percentl\utllutl r\u!uuYl

l) The markets are far fromthe residences

2) The markets are at ownhouses

3) The houses are at theMarkets

24

3C

25

28.2

* 42.4

29.4

3(

4

36

*47.4

5.3

,,47.4

6C

4A

6t

37.3

24.8

*37.9

Total 85 10c 7( 10c 161 l0c


a

Fac. of Grad- Studies, Mahidot Univ. MA (Rehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 65

Table 37 : Question 33 About travelling to work

t

I



1) Uspr,wnnrttraryublin

slice

Bydaivesaffi'vdicles

Aluralc use rcr[ crsvice

Ddivu I tte vdiclc oftle fu rUsownwhed clab

Walkbyonedf

34/ bcally

nile nrtorcJdes

Di've cas

2)

3)

4)

,o7)

8)

e)

5

4

c

'l

8

3

4',1

8

3

5.9

4.1

C

8.2

9.4

3.5

*55.3

9.4

3.5

c

2

4

1

9

t1

l9

8

I

I 1.8

2.e

5.3

o,

11.8

*25.0

10.5

1.3

t4

6

4

l4

11

,,'n

66

16

4

8.?

3.1

2.5

8.?

10.6

12.4

*41.0

9.9

,)<

Total 85 l0c tr 10( l6l 10c


Kallrnee Phumchusree

. Table 38 : Question 34 About working environmenl

Results / 66

t

a


l) Up-down slope1) Yes2) Have noneThe toilets for the disabledpersons

1) Have2) NoneThe wash-basins for thedisabled persons1) Have2) NoneThe public telephones atthe level for the disabledpersons1) Have2) NoneThe lifts1) Have2) None

2)

3)

4)

2C

6i

2164

13

72

1075

;,1

23.576.5

24.775.3

15.384.7,

II.Esr4

r0 6l.tr.1

)t48

28

48

2254

t957

34)

4dI

36.8632

I 368I atz

28.971.1)

,rd-7s.q

*tr"1

4E

113

49

112

35126

29132

,a],tl

29.870.2

30.469.6

21.778.3

18.01

's2.d

26.1ml

Total 85 100 :76 l0c 16t l0c

t


Table 39 : Question 35 after finishing from the Redemptorist \rocational school

Item(answer given in order more

than 1 answer)Electronics Computer Total


Own businessCotudrcsswi&tedsabledfi€rdT1ra$rynxrtiutErraldUnemployment

1)

2)

3)4)

42

1C

416

,,49.4

I 1.8

48.2

7.1

5

2

7t4

6.C

2.6

r93.{5.3

4i12

112IO

*69,6

6.2

29.2t)

Fac. of Grad- Studies, Mahidol Unir'. MA. (Rehabititation Service for Persons with Disabilities; / 67

Part four

4.4 The results of working after a vocational training from the Redemptorist

Vocational School for thc Disabled, Pattaya.

Table 40: Question 35 continue


l) Do the jobs wfiich tlry snrdied2) DofEi*s\4fiiddnyddrc

tudv

69

16

*81.2

18.860

16

*7E.9

21.1129)z

*80.I

19.t

Total 85 l0c It l0( l6r l0c

Table 41 : Question 38 The age they start going to work after finishing schoor

Item Electronics Computer TotalNumber Percent Number Percent Vumber Percent

l) Lower 18 years2) 18-20 years3) 21-25 years4) 26-30 years5) 30-35 years6) Upper 35 years

1(i

3C

254

3

1 1.8

8.2* 42.429.47

4.73.5

2

14

3915

42

2.t,

18.4*51.3

1975.32.6

12

21

75

4A

8

5

7.5

13.0,,46.6

24.85.03.1

Total 8S 100 76 10c 161 10c


Kalyalee Phumchusree

Table 42 : Question 3E continue

Table ,l3 : Question 40 About number of hours worked a day

Tablc 44: Question 42 the number ofdays in ordinary working in a week

Results / 6E

o

t

t


l) Lower I year2) 1-3 years3) 4-6 years4) 7-9 years5) Upper 9 years

c

l(21

25t4

10.(18.8

24.1*29.4

16.5

l8JJl82

5

23.1,,43.4

23.12.66.6

49

39

2119

16.8*30.4

24.216.81 1.8

TotaI 85 10c 7C 10( l6l r0c

Item Electronics Computer TotalPercent Percent PercentNumDer t\urtlutt Number

l) Lower 8 hours2) 8 hours3) t hours4) 10 hours5) Upper l0 hours

t441

4

19,1

l6 (*48.2

4.'l))a

8.2

5lt210

I

2.C

67.1

15.8

13.21.3

16

92

16

298

9.9*57.1

9.9t 8.0

5.0

Total 85 t0( 76 10c 161 100


1) Less than 5 days2) 5 days3) More than 5 days

5

1l69

5.9

12.9

81.2

0

2650

C

34.265.8

5

3'.l

119

3.123.C

73.9

Total 85 r0c 76 10c 161 l0c


Fac. of Grad. Studies, Ivlahidol Univ. MA (Rehabilitation Service for Persons u,ith Disabilities) i 69

Table 45 : Qucstiotr 41 Over time of working and number of over time hours

Table 46 : Question 41 continue

Item Electronics Computer TotalNumber Percent \[umber Percent Number Percent

l) Over time workingl) Work2) Don't work

64

21

*75.3

24.',]

48

28

*63.2

36811249

*69,6

30.4

Total 85 l0c 7( l0( l6l 100

2) Number ofhours ofovertime working a day1) I hour2) 2 hours3) 3 hours' 4) More than 3 hours

6

8

6

1

28.e*38.I

28.(4.1

5

l08

5

17.9*35.?

28.5179

1l18

14

6

22.4r36.1

28.612.2

Total 21 l0c 28 10c 49 10(


Number Percent Percent Percentr\ulltLrEl

1) 1-2 days2) 3-4 days3) 5 days4) More than 5 days

4

3

c

5

19.C

14.3,,42.9

23.8

i5

12

4

25.C

17.9,,42.8

14.3

I I8

I9

2

)1 <

16.3* 42-8- 18.4

Total 2t 10c 28 l0c 49 10(


ltemElectronics Computer Total

Number Percent Number Percent \{umber Percent

1) 4,500 to lower Bath2) 4,501-7,000 Bath3) 7,001-9,500 Bath4) 9,501-ll,s00 Bath5) More than I 1,500 Bath

39

2e

6,

'1

,1

*45.9

30.67.1

8.2

8.2

1

38

11

8

6

9.2*50.0

1)n10.5

7.9

4(64,,7

15

13

28.6*39.1

14.3

9.38.1

Total 85 10c 76 10c 161 l0c

Results / 70Kalyanoe Phumchusree

Table 47-:- Qnestion- {3 'Sdary-

Table 4E : Question 44 SatisfactorT with your salary

Table 49 : Question 45 The raise of salary

ll


Number PerceDt Number Percent Number Percent

1) Most satisfied2) Rather satisfied3) Little satisfied4) Not satisfied

t349

t49

15.3*57.(

16.5

10.6

It43

l11l

l4.l*56.5

14.5

14.5

24

92252A

14.9*57.2

1s.5

12.4

Total 85 r0c 76 l0( 161 10c


1) There is the raise of salaryas the general employeegThere is the raise of salarynot the same as othergeneral employees

2)

2(

l6

* 61.9

38. r

5i

14

*80.3

19.1

83

30

*73.5

26.5

Total 42 100.c 7l l00 c 113 100.c



l) Change only once2) Changed twice3) CXurge rue thal twioe4) Never change

l811

t244

21.212.9

l4.l*51.8

I6

oo

54

21.1

7.9

ll.8*59.2

341',l

2l89

21.1

10.6

13.0*53.3

Total 85 10c 7e l0( 161 10c

Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.A Eehabilitatiotr Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 7 I

Table 50 : Question 46 Eow often you changing yourjob

Table 51 : Question 47 What the reasons ofwork changing jobs

Item Electronics Computer TotalNumber Percent Yumber Percent Number Percent

l) No longer required2) Unfair for the wage3) Needttr dugeardrEw

Epqierre4) Thueisardfio:frinrad5) Need to work at home6) The work was to heavy7) There's no skill in that work8) The environment at the

office is not good9) Tte conpany fiood wifrtr

gcblerrs

I1

J

3

1

44

1

17.*26.8

t7 _l

7.31.5

2.49.89.8

2.4

3

0

l0

9

1

0

3

2

4

9.4c

*31.3

28.1

3.1

0

9.46.3

12.5

1C

1lt'l

12

4

I7

6

5

13.1

15.1*23.3

16.45.5

1.4

9.68.2

6.8

Total - 41 l0c 32 l0c t5 10c


Table 52 : Question 47 why the need to changejobs


1)

2)3)

NeedNot needDo not think

2C

41

28.2

23.5*48.3

24

16

36

31.(21.1

*47.3

4E

3C

29.8))a

*47.8

Total 85 10( 76 IOC l6l 10c

Kalyanee Phumchusree Results / 72

Part five

4.5 The results ofdisabted persons and their emotion as they think they are

viewed by the employerc and the colteagues

Table 53 : Question 48 Emotion and attitudc of the employers as the disabled

persons think they are viewed by the employers.


1)

2)Burden of the societyThey can't work at pace asthe others.Someone must help themall the time.They can't do the workalone.Having adding servicewhich waste resourcesIt's the virtue and do nothold up against the lawIt's the right ofthe disabledpersons. It's the duty ofthlemployers.

I

They're always pleased to I

have the disabled persorr I

be the colleagues. I

The employers treat them I

indifferently from the I

others. I

3)

4)

5)

6)

7\

8)

e)

1C

35

5

l3

10

,J

I,rl

I,l

11.8,,41.2

5.9

15.3

,rl,t

1

'l-1

oo1

I

o

l6

0

I

5

IO

l1l

,A

7.9

21.1

0

1.3

6.6

13.2

l

2sa

16

51

5

14

15

26

,)

I

6)

9.9

31.'l

3.1

8.'7

9.3

16r

l4 rlI

I

0,1

.*l

ICopyright by Mahidol University

Fac. of Grad- Studies"n/ahidol Univ. MA @etabilitation Servioe for Persons with Disabitities) / 73

Table 54 : Question 49 The opinion of the disability person emotion to be

except and supported


l)

2)

Every employer is goodand suppor! give theopportunity to the disabledpersons well.Some employers is goodbut some do not understandand not support thedisabled persons.Accept the opinion well.Do not accept the disabledpersons' opinionAlways show theirannoyance when thedisabled persons ask forsome their right.

3)4)

s)

6) Accept the opinion well butldo not treat as the disabled

Ipersons I

7) Support and manage well I

what the disabled persons I

without ask for ir I

8) Accept the disabled Ipersons'opinion I

indifferently from rhe Iothers. I

25

25l8

9

,l

,tl

.4,r29

| *29.4

I 2t2I

I ro.o

,al

,,1

-rr.1

34

19

38

4

,]44.

25.O

50.0

53

.1

,r]

59

4456

13

1tl

636.

27.324.8

8.1

,:J

,1

.nr'1


Kalyalee Phumchusree Results / 74

Table 55 : Question 50 The level of support the development from the

employers to send the disabled persons to train in seminar for adding knowledge

Item(answer more than l)

3)

4)

s)

6)

7)

They are interested inasking or inviting you firstThey make their mind onthe strength and intend tosupportYou always were thoughtof lastThey always have you be aspare personThey do not give you morechanceThey are interested in youand choosing no differentlyThey have no policy tosend the employees fortraining

6.

30.

8.

9.

14.




They think you have moreability than the othersThey think you have abilityas good as the othersThey think you are clumsyand need more timeThey give you pardon thatyou are exclused thedisabled persons so youwork slowlyTheythink you are goodThey think you workcolleague so well that theyforget your disabilityThey think you are goodand useful personsYou are not sure, how yourcolleagues think

1)

2)

3)

4)

7)

8)

5)6)

c

38

8

9

IO

8

I8

2)

10.(

,,44.1

9.4

9.4

2r.21

2sd

10.6

l 1.8

22

48

2

5

5

l8

29

,i

28.9

*63.2

2.6

6.6

6.6

23.7,

38 2]

l

27d

21

4)

-i

31

86

10

14

l5

8.7

9.3

19.3

*43.4

6.2

'i:)

Fac. ofcrad- Studies, lvlahidol Univ. lvLA. Eehabilitation Sen'ice for Persors with Disabilities) / 75

Table 56 : Question 5l Their emotion about being accepting working ability

from the colleagues.


Results / 76Kallanee Phumchusree

Table 57 : Question 52 Work colleagues' feeting to the disabted persons

I



l) They are annoy with yourclumsiness

2) They aren't interested inyou and don't want toinvolved you

3) They are afraid or disgustwith your ability

4) They think you are past ofthat work level

5) The ability is not theimportant problem

6) They showthatthedisability is not problem

7) They are specially pity andkind on the disabledpersons

i

8) fiey admire you and speak I

about you well I

9) They introduce you to their I

relatives and friends I

l0) They do not understand I

you but like to help I

I c

t9l,l,1,.

28

11.

10.6

7.1

1.2

40.0

32.2

l

.J"'1

8

241

,rl,,1

2

1

2

4

59

42

l0

.J

,rl

1

o,

2.6

5?

*77.6

55 3l

2 6

,r1

,r1

Dd

,4

1 2

16

8

5

93

7A

15t

s,l

,{

,1

9.9

5.0

3.1

*57.8

43.5

.57

,r.l,*1

,01


Fac. ofGrad. Studies, Mrhidol Univ. M.A. (Rehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 77

CIIAPTER V

DISCUSSION

As the results of research in chapter fV, the researcher result olfered

the analysis, criticism and concept which are area's was discuss, are the

following items are mentioncd :

5.1 The samples personal status, revealed points of view are that

are important as following. (Table 1-20)

5.1.1 About students: There are more boys than girls, the rate is 4:l Thisis

cause being no register boarding school for girls. The boys have more opportunity

and invitation to study. The boys have trend to study in boarding school all ready. On

the other hand this should not make it impossible that a safety accommodation is

found to allow girls to study on a equal terms. The disable women have not the

education at required level, to follow up on the opportunity as boys /men

5.1.2 About 70 percent of this group which age range from 20 - 34 yearc

old, are working to eam a living and survive on that money that they ear4 The level

of education is in force at tlre moment is Prathomzuksa 6 - Mattayomsuksa 3 @. G

M. 3). It should promote that disabled persons ro study at higher level that M 3. This

is revealed that the Redemptorist Vocational School For the Disabled, pattaya must

support and encourage the disabled persons to study in higher level; i.e. Bachelor, and

Master.

5.1.3 Domicile, in the past most student came from the Northeastern regio4

it showed that there are more physical disabled persons from this region other parts,

This due to the interested show in promotion ofdisability people by the Catholic. The

second place was the Central region which was exlended the opportunity after the

success ofNortheastern region. As the result of survey about residence, there are nowCopyright by Mahidol University

Fac. ofGrad. Studies, Malddol Univ. Discussion / 78

working in every part of Thailand. It is revealed that the result of education makes

this spreading. IT more noticing tll,a;t 9.9 percent at fust came from the Eastem

region after studyrng they moved back to live and work in Eastern region. This is at

present 36.6 percent; it is four times more than at initial thought, showing that is a

need to study and work in the Eastern regional is very fluent

5.1.4 The disabled status, show that over half of students were disabled due

to Polio in childhood. OnIy 14.5 percent of them were born with a disabled The

Redemptorist Vocational School for the Disabled, Pattaya receive more students with

Polio age group 20 14 years old as now the cause is now preventable so the number

of student statistics from Srisangwal School reveals a decrease status of student

suffering from Polio. The statistics at Srisangwal School (The school ofthe physical

disabled persons level kindergarten-M.3) percent of C.P.snrdents were 72.92 n 2O00

(Alisa Suwannaraq 2001: l). It reveals that Polio decreases in ordeq however;

Celebral Palsy increases.

5.1.5 It is noticing that numbers ofthe Crebral Palsy who study in this school

is only about I - 2 percent. It should be analysed the important causes if they lack ofeducation to continue studying here.

5.1.6 The personal arceptance for their own disabled status, is about 73.3

percent accept the mndition of status. Numbers of the disabled persons of 20 - 34

years old in the questionaire about 37 percent which were born with disabled persons

as a result of Polio. The student who was born with disability, accept the disability

more easily and quickly.

5.1.7 Incomg 2 out of every 3 disabled persons get their own salary. Only

I out of every 5 get special income allowance; it reveals that they can help themselves

in earn a living. I in 3 can live independence in a rented houses by themselves. 28

percent live with their family member and 26 percent live in the employer

accommadation. These numbers reveals that they can survive at economic level.

Considering about expense behaviour and their own saving is showed in tables

number 14, 15, l6and 17. That the table reveals that 60 percent of them have not

been able to save, this is due to not eaming enough it is a little as (50G-1,000 bath a

month). It shows that income and expense are rather harmony. The necessary expense


Fac. of Grad. Studies, l/ahidol Univ. IvtA. (Rehabilihtion Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 79

is about food, utility which are important to eam their lives. Conclusiorg their wages

isn't high enough level but thel' only just earn a living.

5.1.8 The hope that they will continue studyrn& only 28.6 percent are

presently continuing their study; 47.8 percent are studying in certificated level.This

means that only I in 4 have to continue studyng in non-formal educatioq and I in

4 these are studylng in Bachelor degree level. Ones who study 3 in 4 use their own

money for studyrng some are zupported from tleir relatives, markets and the office

of rehabilitation. It reveals that the disabled persons who are studyng (28.6 percent)

are the ones who are happy to progress and help themselves. This is the good and

should support the student .

5.1.9 Health, conclusion in tables number 18, 19, 20 shows that 29.2

percent accept their poor health is a part of their condition, but 65.8 enjoy the fairly

good health is 5 percent have very good health- This event directly with the violent

of disability conclude with the instrument for good health (shows in table 19) and

lacking ofactivity for supporting health.

Her Royal Highness Princess lv{aha Chaklai Sirinthorn said health and

strength is necessary for the disabled persons; a[y type or any characteristic of them

must be have exercises, nutrition and full health care plan. The disabled persons who

finished from the Redemptorist Vocational School for the Disable{ Pattaya often lack

knowledge ofnutrition,how to exercise, to take care ofthemselves so they are in poor

health. The researcher that they should manage their exercise program and taking care

of nutrition by process in series. It should be grouping in working and promotion

about supporting health.

5.1.10 Behaviour problem, as survey about the undesirable behaviour

practicise such as smoking drinking and going out for pleasure at night shows that

they are not different from general public ,but there is trend to thes€ behaviors

mentioned. It is not worry but personnel choice how they live their lives.

5.2 Conclusion and criticism analysis going to study at the

Redemptorist Vacational School for the Disabled, Pattaya that is

revealed in table 21 -32, there are several items mentioned :Copyright by Mahidol University

Fac. of Grad. Studies, tvlahidol Univ. Discussion / 80

5.2.1 Conclusion from number ofthe samples, from the 300 questionnaires

sent out, returning 16l papers which are use in the research (53.66 percent). The

sample is spreading the years of study between 1987-1999, in all a period of 13

years, the first three year period (1987-1989) 7 percent of students include in the

analysis. It is the fewest because this group finishing 11-13 years ago, as there is no

contact record. The others finished studying during 1990 -1999 can be collected a lot

of dara and there is the spreading she€t (that is revealed in table 2l). The snrdents'

age are 20-35 years old, which is 75 percent ofthe survey.

5.2.2 This is regarding how satisfactory are they doing their present job, only

6.2 percent feel that they are not satisfied with doing job that they studied for. About

61.5 percent feel that they are satisfied with their jobs and finding work is quite easy-

Studyng for a trade at this school make them feel better ofi, that the other disabled

persons. They can develop themselveq better equippd and get experience of

community living. 61.5-89.4 percent (shows in table 23--28). Conclusion, studytng

in the Redemptorist Vocsional School for the Disabled, Pattzya get good result in

high percentage is above the national level.

5.2.3 The students idea of changing the negative result about the

Redemptorist Vocational School for the Disabled, Pattaya. The idea is rather spread

about (l) the narrow classrooms and bedrooms, (2) lacking of utilities, (3) food

In these events, (4) that 18 percent think that the bedrooms are crowded, (5) I2.4

percent need more modem study instrument, (6) the other was lower than l0 percent.

It is interesting about 16.4 percent who have no negative feeling to school; this was

due that they had finished from this school along time ago. The others 10.6 percent

have no idea.

The researcher ask to thinks that geography status of buildings in this school

as limitation; It was not built tbr the disabled-persons at fust because they were the

general buildings that was transferred in the school. Although they were develop and-

correcte4 for the purpose ii was build for, but the visitors see that there is no access

for wheelchairs. The school administrator show their opinion that if there are a lot of

money, they to develop buildings and other service is necessary. However, the

students who study here have physical disability make the best of the workshop and

classroom for training and working, general instrument without problems. Most ofCopyright by Mahidol University

Fac. of Grad. Strrdies, lvlahidol Univ- MA. (Rehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / Sl

problem is moving lower part ofbuilding to the top classroom. Ifthere is correction of

architect; transportation by lift, the problem is solved.

5.2.4 Fcr,d, the administrator worried about increasing price of food in

Pattaya but they do not decrease food quantity and quality. Most offood is not sdisry

because most ofthem came from the Northeastern region and do not like local food.

5.2.5 Providing jobs, although this school can provide good and qualified

jobs in this country; they can provide jobs for a full 100 percent. The survey the

student about the provide ajob. Only 28 percent think that provision is the best.

41.6 per.cenlt think that it is good, only 8 percent think that it need improved. This

research result is positive, it is noticing that 66.5 percent get jobs in the markets,

27-3 perc*m are freelance and unemployed persons are only 6.2 percent; it reveals

thatjob placement is positive and it is in good more than 95 percent.

5.3 Result of analysis of working places and surroundings

5.3.1 About people working in electronics 42-4 percent stay in their own

homes which opeD their workplaces. Computer people stay at the employer

accommodation working places and some travel daily to their workplaces are 47 .4

percent. Number of computer people who stay in their homes which open their own

workplaces are a few only 5.3 percent. If there is the problem of the violent

movement, will be a lot of problems for people who do not stay in the workplace.

5.3.2 Travelling to worhthat in shows in table 37, 50 perceot of electronics

employee stay in working places, and the others drive motor cycles and use their

wheelchairs to work.

The computer pmple 25 percent stay in the work place other travels to work

by themselves. It this noticing that there is no one in electronics who hire car to work.

Computer hire car to work 5.3 percent, it is possible because they can afford the cost

ofa taxis; go - retum in working gets high rate unsuitable for wage.

5.3.3 Workplaces, working in companies are 24.8 percent, in homes 26.1

percent, and in educational institution 14.9 percent. It reveals that the area's is rather

in even level. It is noticing that they work are in the government offices 1.9 percent,

hotel 1.2 percent, charity foundation 2.5 percent. The disabled persons who

finished electronics section work their own work at home 43.5 percent. Conclusion,Copyright by Mahidol University

Fac. ofGrad. Studieq lvlahidol Univ. DisclJssion / 82

there are problems is the markets both working acceptation of disable people and

architect ofbuilding for access the disabled persons.

5.3.4 The markets which have unsuitable building for the disabled persons

who used wheelchair. The examples are (l) there is no ramps is 70 percent, (2) there

is no toilet 71 percent, (3) there is no wash lrand basin 78 percen! (4) there is no

disable telephone 82 percent, (5) there is no lift in the building 83 percent. All of

these area's which need to improvement in the workmarket. However all the disabled

persons can put up with these mild inconvenience ifthey want to have ajob.

5.4 Result of analysis in working after finishing study from the

Redemptorist Vocational School for the Disabled' Pattaya (Table39-52)

It is noticing that students who finished electronics treDd to work their own

business 49.4 p*cat was in the job markets. The students who finished computer

like to work for employer 94.3 percent. It reveals that working in computer branch is

more fluent that electronics branch. However, the students of botb branches 80

percent are can get work as they result of study.

From the number ofthe disabled persons who do have jobs, over period of I

- 9 yean is over 16 percent. Most of them 30 percent have done their jobs for 3

years or more. This result does not reveal anything it shows that one who work the

longest time is 9 years ll.8 percent.

It time for jobs for the disable people is under control of the Labor Law; 8

hrs.lday 57.1 percett,2T percent work 9- l0 hrs./day, 8 percent work more than

10 hrs./day. It reveals thar the disabled persons are not under their controlled. It is

interesting that ones who work in electronics branch do their work more than 5

dayJweek 81.2 percent. Ones who work in computer brancll work mor€ than 5

dayVweek 65.8 percent. It reveals that there are a lot of hours work in overtime and

the disabled persons like to work overtime when possible.

About income, both branches of work force get about 4,500 - 7,000 bath

(39.7 percent). Group get a good income 7,000 - 9,500 bath, work about computer

only 22.4 percent. Income which is better 7,000 - 15,000 battL it shows that

electronics group is only 7.1-8.2 percent.Copyright by Mahidol University

Fac. of Grad Studieg Mahidol Univ, MA. (Rehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 83

Conclusion, fixing work of electronics instrument is some is at a reliable rate

rather get income at variable ratg it shows in table 47.

56 - 57 percert of finished students are rather satisfied with their income ;

more satisfid 14.9 percent, less satisfied 15.5 percent, 12.4 percent are not

satisfied in both section ofthejobs. Result of study and training make the students get

suitable income.

Changing work in table 50 - 53, it shows that half of both group in the jobs

market, do not change their work. They trained long time ago, about 70 percent of

both groups do not think to change their work. The group that think to change the

work is computer vocatiorl they said thar they provide new career 37 percen! 26.8

percent ofelectronics want to change their work because they get unfrir income. Both

of disabled employees reported their salaries up the same as the general ernployees

without disabled 73.5 percent, the group of computer people up salary very clear

E0.3 percent, in this time 26.8 percent ofelectronics think that they unfair income.

Conclusiorl result of study is positive more than negativg it is the satisfring

job which help their lives.

5.5 Data from the ones who answer about the boss and the

colleagues' attitude to the disable person. It shows in table 53 - 57.

Attitude which is positive of the employer in table 53. They can be divided

into 3 daa.

5.5.1 The employer treat them as ones employee like general persons and is

pleased in the way the disabled persons work with them. It reveals than half of their

attitude is in good level especially group of computer as a whole 60 - 80 percent. It

reveals that the disabled persons' working computer branctg the employers accept

them more than the electronics group.

There are some one who answer in negative v/ay about the employer feeling

they said that the disabled persons can't do their jobs as well ass general persons at

average of 3 1.7 percent. And this is mostly be electronics group more than computer

group. It should be study this event de€ply why the employer shows their attitude like


Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. Disc'ussion / 84

that by asking directly to the employer and compare with the disabled persons'

attitude to know that they are similar.

The employer attitude which is negativg the disabled persons think that the

employers accept them to work because of their pity I 6. 1 percent, the employer have

duty to help them 9.9 perc€nt, this result should be studied about the ernployer as

the other mentioned.

5.5.2 The employers accept the disabld persons' opinion, computer group

give the obvious data the electronics group. The researchers think that because

knowledge and fluency about computer wort can be responses to the employers well.

The employers trust them and accept their opinion well 50 70 percent. Electronics

group is not obvious in number only 2 - 29 prrc*r[. This case should be study

deeply how different of both vocations. And it should be lnow why percentage ofelectronics group does not equal to computer group.

In table 55, ones who answer give the opinion that the employers about I of3 given mentally power and support to make progress in working give opportunity

not different from general persons. It is not obvious in number how both vocations

are received supporting.

5.5.3 Colleagues in the job markets, the disabled persons think that their

colleagues acc€pt them in working not different from general persons 53.4 percent.

Separating; their colleagues accept the disabled persons in computer branch more than

ones in electronics branch.

In table 57, ones who answer shows positive status obviously. Both vocalion,

their colleagues do not disgust them. The disabled persons' working are not the

problems in their colleagues' mind. It is pleased to work together.

Conclusion in this study, the negaiive status which is_ obvious is the

improvement ofthe buildings, second is the travelling income is hard to make better

because this research is in low economic.

The importance is that the school should help to study life and adjust well in

society.

The administrators of school who get work from external markets them give to

the students. It is wise and know the duty suitable is admirable. The students study

how to receive external jobs or how to get the work into the marketsCopyright by Mahidol University

Fac. of Grad- Studies, Mahidol Univ. lvL ,aL (Rehabilitation Service for Persons t'ith Disabilities) / E5

The analysis in negative status of students to school is not strong, It reveals

that the finished students feel grateful to school and, they think that school give them

opportunity. One thing tiat one who answer do not right but in foreign countries,

especial at N.T.I.D. (National Technology Institution for the Deaf) at Rochester in

New Yorlg U.S.A continued doing this 20 years ago, is that they must always

survey students' need and up date technology by calling them to train for developing

technology and program during summer. It is the fulfillment for them to return for

better working. This must be done yearly; it increase knowledge ability efiiciently for

ones who answer and make more use for the employers.


Fac. of Grad. SMies, Mahidol univ. M.A Eehabiliurion Service for persons with Dimbilities) / 86

CIIAPTERVI

RECOMMENDATION

The recommendation is basic on the thesis results. In my

opinion is that

6.1 Recommendation about The Redemptorist Vocational School

for the Disabled, Pattaya

6.1. I In my opinion the recommendation are as a result of the questionnaire.

The recommendation are one, the Redemptorist vocational school should have at last

one school in every Province through out Thailand as the school has a commitment

which is exceptional in all area ofdisable.

This would solve the problem of students be allow to stay in their local

community and support their family commitment.

6.1.2 T"he curriculum should increase the zubject which is taught in the

Computer and electronics section if the student has not reach the standard ofeducation academic which is required for the course. They should be allow to do a

primlimitation caurse or have extra lesson allows side the normal curriculum taught

due to theSackground and disability. This is a way of bridging the gaps i.e. some one

is not academic bright but work exceptional with a learnt skill .

6.1.3 The school hav-e the trained counselor person or people in counseling

background that can address the problem that a student having in all aspects of life.

The service should be free access and confidential, continue and for up a year after

they left the school. They can Call have a fiee telephone hot line, which they could

set information and a list of job vacancies in there locally area or ho who to

t


a

Fac. of Grad. Studies, lvlahidol Univ. MA. (Rehabilitation Service for Persors with Disabilities) i 87

contmct about setting up their own business or web site on the same lines. It very

important to support the individual, able to be a good employee and expectable

person in the community.

6.1.4 Ordinary, some disabled persons who finished ftom school did not

worlg in my way of thinking ? It may be due to their own fault or they mighty be, they

did not want to work Reason way they didn't do this principal job initialed , maybe

for the advantage which may be the behavior or belief. It is the indicator and using the

result in selecting of person shrdyrng in the future. This is the areas which could

improve the present system Ensure thal the student are a aware of what the course

involue. The school should support the student in the mine field ofworkplace.

The adding in the school providing ajob career advice and effectively in the

workplace. The following about effect and problems face in workplace.

6.1.5 The school should be active in campaing for the right of disabled

people have a session social on culture laws relate to disabilities. The curriculum

should hold forum one a month the student can questio4 discussion and interaction

with staff/ teacher and hard of depart / govemment.

6.1.6 There should be a maintain zupport from school and foundation of

former students association because it is the important part to form relationship.

Including the ability of using job result of the member as the example. Former

students with high ability and successful life may help the school in anyway. This will

allow as student that has not found this vocation in life is allow to return to the school

to future student or different course.

6.2 Recommendation fon the government and the organizations of

governmetrt

6.2.1 This is the year of vocational training the govemment should realize of

the importance for the disabled person's training about -the vocational education

because it revealed that ifthey have knowledgg ability and skill in vocation, they can

work and earn their lives and support family commitment.

6.2.2 The govemment should found the national institution of the disabled

persons to do the same opinion as the world practicing plan of UNESCO which

t

o

t


Kal)anee Phumchusree Recommendation / 88

manage the work as the conductor of the disabled persons to have to involved

ministries, the other units. They work together to make policy, plan, law and working

practice for developing the disabled persotrs' quality in integrated practicing in

network type. There are the follov/ing examining for practicing efticiently by the

President of the committee, the Prime Minister. Each year they hold the conference to

limit integrated plan and the following starting in 2OO2 @.8.2545).

6.2.3 The government itself should mange its financial recourses better for

training rehabilitation center. The ministry of Labor and Social Welfare meet the

basic right of disabled persons. Example they quire Disabled Persons Allowance,

equipment free hospital treatment. This only happen when a person is registration

disable the process the govemmeff could more supported in the right of Disabled

persons.

6.2.4 The government should have a governing body to be actiVely campaing

/ lobbing in Parliament on Disabled Persons.


Fac. of Grad. Studi€s, Mahidol Univ. IvLA. (Rehabilianion Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 89

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alexander, Hawes & Audet, LLP,. [2001]. The Americans with Disabilities Aa

[online]. Available: http: // consumerlaw page. Com / brochure /

disa. Shtm/ [2001, November 29].

lnternational Labour Organization. [No Date]. R 99 Vocational Rehabilitation

[disabled] Recommendation. 1995. tOnlinel. Available: http:// ilolex.

ilo.ch: 1567scripts/convde. [2000, July 5].

Supeq D.Z.Crits, T.O. Appraising Vocational Fitness, [2od ed], N.Y., Harper &

Row, 1962. Forrq W.H., Mller, D. E. Occupational Career Pattern as a

Sociological Instrument.

Suwannarat, Alisa [2001]. A stud!, ofusing on-screen kevboard software to

zubstitute writing for cerebral palsied children at Srisangwal school.

Master's thesis, Ratchasuda Collage, Mahidol University.

Yamang T. (1973). An Introduction Ananlysis Statistics. [3 rd ed]. Tokyo: Harper

International Edition.

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Kahanee Phumchusree Bibliography / 90

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Kahanee Phumchusree Appendix A / 92

APPENDX A

QUESTIOI\NIRE OF RESERCH


Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. MA (Rehabilitation Service for Persom with Disabilities) / 93

Questionnaire of Research

VocationalSchool for

Entitted "Working Status of Disabled Persons AfterTraining from the Redemptorist Vocationalthe Disabled, Pattaya"

Name ..............Surname ..-..........The beginning of cducation B.E.Certificate Section...............Curriculum......Year The end education 8.E......

Make a cross(I)or a tick (/) in each space in frontof each answer or complete the spaces according to thefact affected to the research.

Allof Plear rtrnomrilbortryrchotrbui20260rithin30Nov.2000.ftBeSu6tionnrirsr€rebuittup for thesis The rcseascher k€ep Your-Drtr secrat

Part I General self-data.1. Sex ( ) Male ( ) Female

A.mphoe ... ... ... ... ...Province ......... Post Code .............TeI...

5. tfghest level of education before going into the Redemptorist vocational

School for the Disabled Pattya............

6. Causes of disability ( Answer as you know and can answer more than one )

( ) Congenital abnormaly: speci$ the disability...............

( ) Part of body- cut: speciff which part cut

Cause happened at age............year

( ) By accident from... . .. .:.....................

Cause happened at age... ... ... ...year

Disability caused by disease :

( ) Hemipleqia Age..... ..... years

( ) Quadripleeia Age ... .. . . . ...years

( ) Polio myelitis Age..........years

( ) Paraplegia Age ... ... ,. ..years

( ) Cerebral Pslsy Age ...........yearsCopyright by Mahidol University

Kalyanee Phumchusree Appendix A / 94

( ) Epilepsy Age . .. ... . .. years ( ) Tiredness of Muscles Age. .. .years

( ) Brain Tumor Age.......... Years ( ) Tumor of spinal cord Age...years

Others, please speciry names of the disease

7. Now, how do you feel about your disability ?

( ) Sorrl,, can't bear and accept disability condition

( ) Sorry', can't bear, can't accept disability condition

( ) No feeling

( ) Others, speci$

8. Status of marriage

( ) Manied ( ) single ( ) dead ( ) divorced

( ) live apart, separte withotrt a legal divorce

9. Current residence

( ) live with parents ( ) live with relatives ( ) hire - house

( ) livewith friend ( ) ooun house ( ) houseing provide with employer.

10. What are the source of income ? ( Answer more than one )

( ) Salarv

( ) Manied couple

( ) Selling lottery

( ) Own offial functions

Others, please specifu .. ..

ll.How much do you get satisfactory fiom your living ?

( ) satisfied very much

( ) satisfied fairy

( ) Sometimes special work

( ) Parents and relatives

( ) Asylum or charity organization

( ) rather salisfied

( ) not satisfied

12. What do you need to do for life now ?

( ) Help society ( ) Help family

- ( ) Take care myself comfortalily ( ) Look for new work

Others, please specifr ..... ...... ...... ........

13. Do you need anything increased for your better quality of life ?

( ) No, because I'm happy now. ( ) Yes, they are . ( Please arrange in order )

1.......... . .... ........ 2.

3.................. ........ 4.


Fac. of Grad Studies, Mahidol Univ. MA Eehabititation Scrvice for Persons rith Disabilities! 95

14. Are you continuing study now ? ( ) continue study in level

( ) Not continue study ( answer number 16 )

15. If you continue study, from which will you get scholarship ?

( ) Self - scholarship ( ) From Revival office

( ) From relative ( ) Others , please speciry ..........

16. Expense for each month is about .......... Baht. What is it the paid for ?

And speciff the sum approximately

17. How do you sure for your life durability ?

( ) No saving ( ) Having attention but no starting

( ) Saving each month about .................... Baht

18. How do you thing about your general health ?

( ) Excellent

( ) Not good

( ) Rather good

lncreasing thing needed for health

19. Which behaviours do you do ?

( ) Not related with above behaviours

Part 2 Ouestions about enterine the Redemntorist Vocational

School for Disabled Pattava

20. Start learning at tliis school at age ........... ......... yezirs

21. Finish learning at this school at age .......... .............. years

( ) Always smoke

( ) Always drink

( ) Related with narcotic

( ) Smoke apecially in party

( ) Drink specially in party

( ) Gong to place of amusement at night

finish from the Redemptorist Vocational

( ) you have imperfect hope

22. What do you think -when

you

School ?

( ) you have hope in vocation

( ) you have no hope because

23. What are the causes which you select the subject from this school ?

( Answer more than one )

( ) like willingly ( ) eet the vocation guidance before enteringCopyright by Mahidol University

Kallanee Phumchusree Appendix A / 96

( ) Find a vocation easily after finishing study ( ) Have scholarship

24. Do you think if you get better opportunity at this school than physically

disability fiom other places ?

( ) Not better than other places because ......... .

( ) No idea

25. What good things c{rn you get when you entered this school ? ( Answer

more than one )( ) Leam about virtue and ethics

( ) Cet experience in participation

( ) Ilave a Aee way of life

( ) Fairly

( ) Have knowledge and skill in

profession

( ) Flave better discipline

( ) Do the use for society

Other , please speciff ..........

26. What do you think this school could be unproved ? ( Answer more than

one )

( ) The class rooms are narrow ( ) The bed rooms are crowded.

( ) The food is not good enough ( ) The utensil for disabled

persons is not good enough.

(

(

(

) The instruments in leaning are not modern

) It is good enough, no improvement

) No idea , you finished education from this school many years ago,

there are a lot of better changing

27 . What level of effrciency in vocational training of the Redemptorist School

for the Disabled Pattaya do you think ?

( ) Excellent ( ) Good ( ) Fairly

( ) Improved ( speci$ things could improved )

( ) Improved ( specifu things could improved )

28. How do you think if you can be helped to look for a vocation by this

school ?

( ) Excellent ( ) good

( ) Improved ( specify things could improved )

29.Have you any advice and idea to support old students or present shldents

to continue study in upper institution ?

a


a

Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. NtA (Rebabititation Senice for Persons witr Disabilities) / 97

( ) None

( ) There are

Part 3 Ouestions about the markets. surroundings and your

obskuction.

30. About your work now .-....

( ) work in t}e markets ( ) used to work br:t stop working now

( ) Finish educatiorq never done work

( ) Freelance ( specifr )

( ) Have a certain vocation but not allowed to do by the family

3 l. What kind of the markets are your working ?

( ) Factory ( ) Company ( ) Store

( ) office ( ) Education institution ( ) Government office ( ) Charity

Organization

Other , please specifu ... ... ... .

32. Location of office: District ..................ProvinceOfiice...... ( ) Far

from the residence m. / Km.

( ) At home r xosidence is in site of the office

33. You usually go to the office by ( Answer more than one )

( ) Use service of the transportation Organization ( ) Relative or friend

service

t

t

( ) Hire the car

( ) By own wheel chair

( ) Stay at the office

( ) Driving the car

Others, please speci$,

34. How is the surroundings of the ofiice building ? ( please answer all

numbers )

1. Slope way ( ) Have ( ) None

( ) None

) Use service of the market car

) On foot

) Riding motor cycle

) Flre a driver to drive own car

2. The toilet for disabled persons ( ) HaveCopyright by Mahidol University

Kallsnee Phumchusree Appendix A / 98

3. The wash - basin for disabled persons ( ) Have ( ) None

4. The public telephones disabled persons ( ) Have ( ) None

5. Lift ( for more than level building ) ( ) Have ( ) None

Others , you think they should be provided

Part 4 About vour vocation which vou used to or never do

when vou finished education from the Redemptorist Vocational

School

35. How is your vocation which do when you finished education ?

( ) It is your own business

( ) You do business with your disabled friend

( ) You are the employee in the markets ( ) You are unemployed

36. Is your vocation straight to faculty learned ?

( ) Straight ( ) Not straight

38. You started working at age .... Years Until now, you have borked for ......

yeas monthy

39. Your duty of work is

40. How many house each day do you work by average ?...(Do not count

past time work )

41. Do you do past time work ?

( ) Do the work about ............. Hours / day

( ) Do pass time work ............ days / week

42. How many days a week do you do your work ? ( speci$ ) ... ... ... ... day

43-. How much money do you get your salary not included the other income ?

( ) less than 4,500 Baht ( ) 4,500 - 7,000 Baht

( ) 7,00-9,s00 Baht

( ) q500-11,500 Baht ( ) more than 11,500 Baht

44. Are you satisfied with your income ?

( ) satisfied very much ( ) rather satisfied ( ) satisfied fairly

( ) not satisfied

45. Is your salary increased the same as others ( ) the same

( ) don't work


Fac. of Grd. Studies, Mahidol Univ. MA. (Rehabilitrtion Senice for PeEons with Disabilities) / 99

( ) not the same

Please specifo

46. You used to change your work (

( ) 2 times, causes of changing

) I time, causes of changing

( ) more than 2 times causes of changing

( ) you used not to change your work

47. Do you want to change the work ( ) want ( ) don't

( ) don't thank

Part 5 How do vou feel about the owners of the market and

Your colleagues ?

48. what do you think how the owners of the markets have any attitude to

disabled person working ( Answer more than one )

( ) It is the burden which

( ) Disabled persons can't work utmostly as general persons

( ) Someone must help disabled persons all time

( ) Disabled persons can't work by themselves

( ) The owners must increase some service which is wasteful and not worth

while

( ) Accepting disabled persons to work is the charity and they don't want to

disobey the low

( ) It is the disabled persons' right and it is the duty ofthe owners ofthe

markets

( ) The owners always reveal that they are pleased to accept disabled persons

be colleagues

( ) The owners treirt you the same way as general persons

49. When the employers tell you to show your idea in working do yoq think what they

are!? (Answers more than one)

( ) All ofemployers are good and they support opportunity for the disablea

persons well


Kabznee Phumchusree Appendix A / 100

( ) Some employers are good; however; some don't understand and don't

support disabled persons

( ) The employers accept the employees' idea well

( ) The employeni do not acc€pt the employee's idea

( ) The employers always show their annoyance when you offer or claim for

your right

( ) The employees accept your idea well; however; they don't treat you as you

ask for

( ) The employers srpport and mange urgentty with lhings you ask for

( ) The employers accept your idea the same as general employees

50. In supporting progress for example they send someone to talk part in seminar for

increasing knowledgg the employers will (Answer more than one)

( ) ask and persuate you at first ( ) encourage and intend to support

you

be cornidered for the last persons ( ) make you be a reserved person

not give you a opporrunity ( ) be interested in selecting you

quality

( ) not have the policy in training

5 I . Do you think if your colleagues accept your capability? (Answer more then one)

( ) They think that you have more capability than normal persons

( ) They think that you have good capability the same as general persons

( ) They think that you are clumsy and use more time

( ) They pardon you in working slowly

( ) They think that it is good enough for you to do this

( ) Tbey think that you do work so well that they forget your disability

- ( ) They think that you are good and useful

( ) You do not

52. Do you think how your colleagues feel about your disability? (Answer more than

One)

( ) They are annoyed your clumsiness .

( ) They aren't interest in you and don't involve with you.

( ) They fear or disgust your disability .

()()


Fac. of Grad. Studies, I\4ahidol Univ. MA Eehabilitation Sen'ice for Persors sith Disabilities) l.lol

They think that you are excessive part.

They think that disability is not important problem.

They reveal that disability is not disgusting.

They have a pity and charity on your specially.

They praise you speak about you in good way.

They introduce you to their relative.

They don't understand you; howeer; they like to help you .

TIANK YOA SO MUCH


- Kalyanee Phumchusree Appendix B / 102

APPEiTDD( B

THE REHABILITAON OF DISABLED

PERSONS ACT


Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. MA. (Rehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) /

REIIABILITATION OF

DISABLED PERSONSACT,

A.D. 1991 (8.E. 2s34)

BEI'MIBOL ADULYADEJ REX.

Given on the 20ft day ofNovember A.D. l99l @.8. 2534)

Being the 46m year of the Present Reip

His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej has been graciously pleased to proclaim that

Where as it is expedient to enact the Law for Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons

BE IT TIIEREFORE ENACTED BY THE KING, by and with the advice and

consent of the National Legislative Assembly, as follows:

103

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

This Act shall be called "the Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons Act

AD. 1991 (8.E. 2s34)

This Act shall come into force as from one hundred and eight days

following the date of its publication in the Government Gazette.

All other laws, regulations ad nrles insofar as they deal with the

matters govemed by this Act or are inconsistent with the provisions of

this Act, shall be replaced by this Act.

In this Act,

"Disabled Person" means a person with physical, intellectual or

psychological abnormality or impairment as categorized and

prescribed in the Ministerial Regulations.

"Rehabilitation of Disabled Persond' means the improvement of the

potentials and capacities ofdisabled persons through medical,

educational, and social methods, and vocational training in order to

provide them the opportunities to work or lead their lives equal to that

ofthe non disabled.Copyright by Mahidol University

I

Kalyalee Phurnchusree Appendix B / 104

"Committee" means the Committee for the Rehabilitation ofDisabled Persons.

"Mnister" means the Mnister in charge of the enforcement of thisAct.

Section 5 There shall be a Committee for the Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons

Consisting of Minister of Interior as Chair-man, and the Permanent

Secretaries to the Minister ofDefence, Interior, Educatioq Public

Healt[ and University A-ffairs, the Director of the Budget Bureau, the

Directors-General of the Department of Medical Services, Public

Welfare, General Education and not more than six other qualified

persons appointed by the Ministeq as Members.

The Head of the Office of the Committee for Rehabilitation ofDisabled Persons shall be its Secretary and the Committee shall have

the power to appoint not more than two officials fom the Department

of Public Welfare as its Assistant Secretaries.

The Minister shall appoint the qualified persoq as prescribed in

paragraph one, from among the disabled persons who are the

representatives of the organizations associating with disabled persons,

not less than two persons.

Section 6 The Committee shall have the following power and duties to :

(1) propose and recommend to the Minister on policies and plans

cencerning the assistance, development and rehabilitation of disabled

persons for zubmission to the Cabinet foi approval and designate the

concerned governme4tal organization for further implementation in

compliance with their respective authority.

(2) give advice suggestions afld opinions relating to the enforcementa

of this act to the Minister.Copyright by Mahidol University

Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. MA. Eehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 105

I

Section 7

Section 8

(3) support and promote the assistancg development, and

rehabilitation ofdisabled persons undertaken by the concerned

govemmental and non-governmental organizations by providing

(4) prepare projects to assist, dwelop and rehabilitate disabled

persons.

(5) approve programs or projects utilizing the Fund for Rehabilitation

ofDisabled Persons and set the rules and regulation pertaining to

management and disbursement of such Fund.

(6) set rules, regulations and ordinances within the purview of

assistance, development and rehabilitation to ensure compliance with

this Act.

(7) carry out other matters as designated by the Minister.

The qualified Committee Members shall hold office for a term of two

years.

Members who vacate office at the end of term may be reappointed.

In addition to the retirement at the expiration ofthe term of offrce

according to Section 7, the qualified Committee Members shall

vacate office upon

(l) death

(2) resignation

(3) being a ban-krupt

(4) being an incompetent p€rson

(5) being imprisoned by a final judgement of imprisonment for an

offence committed through negligence or a petty offence.a


Kalyanee Phumchusree Appendix B / 106

Section 9 In case any qualified Committee Member is appointed at the time

former ones are still in offrce, whether an additional appointment or an

appointment to fill up the vacant positioq the Member so appointed

shall retain his/her office eight during such time only as the already

appointed Members or the Members whom he./she replaced were

entitled to retain the same, as the case may be.

Scction l0 At the meeting ofthe Committee, the presence ofnot less than halfthe

Committee members is require in order to constitute a quorum. If the

Chairman is not present at the meeting the members shall elect one

among themselves to chair the meeting.

Ruling and decisions ofthe meeting shall be by majority ofvotes. One

Committee member shall have one vote. In case of equality of votg

the chairman ofthe meeting shall be entitled to a second or casting

vote.

Section 1l The Committee shall have the power to appoint one or more Sub-

Committee to consider or undertake any matter assigned by the

Committee.

Each Sub-committee shall consist of not less that one member who is a

Disabled person registered in accordance with section 14.

The provisions of Section l0 shall apply mutatis to the meeting of

the Committee.

Section 12 The Office of the Committee for Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons

shall be established in the Department of Public Welfare, Ministry of

Interior, having authorities to assist, develop and rehabilitate disabled

persons including the following power and duties to :


Fac. of Grad Studies, I\4:rhidol Univ. MA. @ehabilitation Service for Persons with Disabilities) / 107

(l) coordinate and cooperare with the relevant governmerftal and non-

governmental organizations both within and outside the country in the

undertakings relating to rehabilitation ofdisabled persons and enzure

them their entitlement to assistance as stipulated in Section 15.

(2) collect and retrieve informatio[ pertaining to disabled persons

for disability preventiorL treatment and rehabilitation.

(3) prepare programs relating to disability preventio& treatment and

rehabilitation of disabled persons for submission to the Committee.

(4) initiate and accelerate the promotion ofactivities for disabled

persons.

(5) arrange training for personnel working in assistance, development

and rehabilitation ofdisabled persons, by cooperating with relevant

government and non-governmental organization.

(6) promote occupations and find employment for disabled persons

who have been rehabilitated-

(7) act as a center for technical dissemination and publicizing

activities associated with disabled persons.

(8) compile analytical and research results, implement, monitor and

follow up policies and programs for assisting, developing and

rehabilitating disabled persons undertaken by the concerned

govemment and non-governmental organizations and further report to

the Committee.

(9) comply with the resolutions of the Committee or as assigned by

the Committee.

a


Kalyanee Phumchusree Appendix B / 108

Section 13 The Ofiice of the Committee for Rehabilitation of Disabled persons

under Section 12 shall be the central registration office for disabled

persons in Bangkok as well as other provinces, with the Head of tleoffice functioning as the Central Registrar. The provincial public

welfare Office in every province shall also be the registration office

for disabled persons in the respective provinces, with the provincial

Public Welfare Officer functioning as the Provincial Registrar.

Section 14 Any disabled person wishing to avail himself/ herselfofthe right to

assistance, development and rehabilitation under this Act shall zubmit

an application for registration to the Central Registnr at the Oftice ofthe Committee for the Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons or to the

provincial Registrar at the provincial Public welfare Office in the

province ofhis / her domicile.

In case the disabled persons is a minor, a quasi-incompetent or

incompetent persorl or extensively disabled to the extent that

registration by him/her is not possible, hiVher guardiaq custodian or

caretako., as the care may be, may submit the application for

registration on his/her behalf.

Besides, zuch a person has to be present along with the guardiarl

custodian or caretaker; ifthe disabled person is not in a position to the

Central Registrar or the Provincial Registrar, the guardiaq custodian or

caretaker must bring the documentary evidence to the Central Registrar

or the Provincial Registrar, as the case may be.

- Registration, determinatiorL changing or renunciation oftheir right by

disabled persons shall comply with the criteria, procedures and

conditions set forth in the rules and regulations prescribed by the

Committee.

Section 15 Disabled persons who have been registered in accordance with SectionCopyright by Mahidol University

Fac. of Grad Sodic, lrrlahidol Univ. MA. @ehabilitation Service for Persons wirh Disabiliries) / 109

14 shall be entitled to the following assistance, dwelopment and

rehabilitation:

(l) Medical rehabilitation serviceg expenses for medical treatment,

aids and equipment for rehabilitating physical, mental or psychological

conditions or for improving capacities as prescribed in the Miniserial

Regulations.

(2) Educaion in consonance with tlre mmpulsory, vocational or

university education under the National Education Plan as considered

appropriate. Such education may be provided in special schools or

through mainstreaming in ordinary schools whereby the Center for

lnnovation and Technology attached to ttre Ministry ofEducation shall

provide support as deemed appropriate

(3) Advice and consultation relating to occupation and vocational

training appropriate to their physical conditions and potentialitie so as

to ensure fulfilment of their potential to work.

(4) Entitlement to participation in social activities and access to

various facilities and services essential to them.

(5) Government lawsuit services and contact with govemmental

Organizations.

Section 16 There shall be a fund called "A Fund for Rehabilitation ofDisabled

- Persons" set up in the Ofiice of the Committee for the Rehabilitation

- ofDisabled Persons to serve as the revolving capital for expenses

incurred in the implementation and provision of assistance to disabled

persons and zupport ofthe institutions providing medical, educational,

social rehabilitation and vocational training, including the Center for

lnnovation and Educational Technology and organizations concerned

with disabled persons.Copyright by Mahidol University

Kalyanee PhumchusreeApp€odix B i ll0

The Fund ofRehabilitation ofDisabled persons shall comprise thefollowing monies and properties:

(l ) govemment grants

(2) donated money or property from the public, juristic entities ororganizations, both within and outside the country, or those derived

from organizing activities.

(3) other income

The monies and other properties prescribed in paragraph two shall be

put itrto the Fund without having to be remitted to the Treazury as

Government revenue.

The pursrit of gain and the expending of the fund shall comply with the

rules and regulations prescribed by the Committee with approval of the

Mnistry of Finance.

sertion 17 In order to pro and assist disabled persons, the Minister shall have the

Power to issue the Ministerial Regulations prescribing.

(1) The characteristics ofthe buildings, sites, vehicles or other public

Services requiring instalment of equipment to directly facilitate

disabled persons.

(2) that the employers or owners or private companies shall employ

disabled persons zuitable to the nature or work a, an appropriate ratio

with other employees.

ln case any employer or owner ofa private company does not wish to

emptoy disabled persons at the ratio presoibed, he/she may apply to

contribute to the Fund as stipulated in Section 16 at the rate specified

in the Ministerial Regulaions instead of employing disabled persons.

section 18 An owner ofa building site vehicle or a service provider who provides

equipment to directly facilitate disabled persons as stipulated in

Section 1 7( I ) is entitled to deduct double the fipenses incurred for

such purpose from the net income or net profit of year during whichCopyright by Mahidol University

Fac' of Grd" studies' Mahidol univ. MA. @ehabilitation service for persons with Disabilities) / I I I

those o<penses were incurred, as the case may be, in accordance withthe Revenue Code.

Any employer or owner of a private company who employs disabled

persons in accordance with Section 17(2) is entitled to deduct the

wages paid to such persons as expenses specified in the Revenue Code

in an amount equal to twice the amount actually paid.

Scction 19 During the period that the office of the committee for Rehabilitation ofDisabled Persons has not been established within the Department ofPublic Welfare in accordance with Section 12, Departrnent of public

Welfare shall have authority under section 12 and Section 13.

scction 20 The Ministers to Mnistries of Interior, Educaion and public Health

Shall be in charge ofthe enforcement ofthe enforcement ofthis Actand shall have the power to iszue Ministerial Regulations to ensure

compliance with this Act in line with their respective authorities. Such

Mnisterial Regulations shall come into force upon being publish in the

Govemment Gazette.

Countersigned by

Anand Panyarachun

Prime Minister

Remarks: The rationale for promulgation of this Act are. .. .. . . . . .although disabled

persons are a part ofnational resources, thet disabilities often hamper

their living occupation and participation in social activities, it is

deemed. appropriate to support and promote disabled persons to have

opportunities, lead tieir work and participate in social activities equal

to that ofthe "able-bodied,'. In this respect, it is deemed expedient that

disabled persons be protected assised, dweloped-and rehabilitated

though medical, educational, social rehabilitation and vocational

training; that oristing problems be solved and economic and social

barriers be removed for them; and that the sociay be promoted to be

conducive to and to rehabilitate these disabled persons.


Kallanee PhumchusreeAppendixB/lt2

The Rehabilitation ofDisabled persons Act has passed on authorities

and partial administrative duties of Ministry of Interior to Mnistry ofLabour and Social Welfare 8.E.2536 Special Edition page 5 Volume110 part 99 theRoyal Gazette 25 July B.E.2536

MINISTERIAL REGULATIONSA.D.1994 (B.E. 2s37)

Issued Pursuant to the Rehabilitationof Disabled Persons ActA.D. 1991 (B.8. 2s34)

Pursuant to section 17 znd 20 of the Rehabilitation of Disabled persons

Act B.E. 2534, the Mnister of rabour and social werfare hereby issued thefollowing ministerial regulations:

No. I In the case of any private company or workplace that has

morn than 200 employees the employers or owners of such companies are tohire disabled persons to anv position in a ratio of I disabred person to every

200 regular employees. In cases where.the company has over 200 employees,

the company is to hire t additionar disabred employee for every 100 regurar

employees. Exemption is allowed only in cases where there is no worksuitable for disabled persons and the owner of the workplace has informed and

received concurrence from the Department of public Welfare.

The Department of Public Welfare is to define the q?e of work disabled

persons can perform and annorince in the Royal Gazette.

Any private company/workplace that does not have disabled employees ordoes not have them in the ratio mentioned in No. l is subject to inform the

Department of Public welfare by January 306 of each year. An advertisement

specifying the company's interest to hire disabled persons must be posted forCopyright by Mahidol University

Fac. of Gmd. Studies, Mahidot Univ. MA (Rehabilitarion Service for persotrs wirh Disabilities) / I I 3

not less than 30 days. If there is no disabled person appllng or theDepartment of pubric werfare fails to send any candidate within 30 days afterthe Department is informed of the company,s interest, the private company orworkplace is exernpted from the stipulation mentioned in No. I

No. 2 In the hiring process of disabled persons as mentioned inparagaph 3 of No. I, the private company/workplace, with corsent from theDeparfinent of Public welfarg can specifu characteristics of disabled personsthat will match type of work needed.

Failure to hire a disabled person who either has applied for the positionor has been recommended by the Department of public welfare for reason notassociated with behaviour or history of the impairment or t)?e of impairmentmentioned in paragraph 1, it is considered that the private company/workplacewishes not to employ disabled persons.

No. 3 Any employer or owner of the company who has duty to hiredisabled penons but prefer not to do so, must send the money to the Fund forRehabilitation of Disabred persons on an annuar basis using the per year rdeof half of minimum wage applied in the area where the workprace is rocatedtimes 365 and times the number of disabred persons the company wishes notto employ.

No. 4 Money send to the Fund can either be in casll crossed checkor postal money - order. It must be send to office of the Committee forRehabiliation of Disabred personq Depertment of pubric werfare or ro theProvincial Public Welfare Office where the company/workplace is located.

No. 5 At the beginaing, employer or ownerof, the company/workplaceis- to follow the ministerial regulations within 90 days after the Department ofPublic welfare has established type of work disabred persons can performpursuant to No. l, paragraph 2. But, informing the Department of public

welfare pursuant to No. r paragraph 3 must be done within 30 days afrer the

-


Kalyanee PhumchusreeAppendixB/l14

announcement date on type of v/ork suitable for disable persons by theDepartment of Public Welfare.

Issued on July 21 8.E.2537

Sign Paitoon Kaewthong

(Mr.Paitoon Kaewthong)

Mnister of Labour and Social Welfare


Fac'of Grad studies, Marridol univ. M.A@ehabiliation Service for posons wirh Disabir.ities) / t 15

BIOGRAPIIY

NAME

DATE OFBIRTE

PLACEOFBIRTE

INSIITUIIONS ATIENI)

POSIIION& OFFICE

Mrs. Kalyanee Phumchusree

l8 September 1953

Bangko( Thailand

Rajabhat Institute Thonburi, I 984- I 985:

Bachelor of Arts (English)

Mahidol University 1997 -2002:Ivlaser of Arts @ehabilitation Service forPersons with Disabilities)

lg8l-Besed, Divisim of Fducdion ftr&Dsablod, Department of General

Educatioq Ministry of Education

Helping teach at Foundation for the

Welfare of the Crippled Under the Royal

Patronage of H.RH the princess Mother,s -

Srisangwal Schoo[ Tiwanon Road,

Pakkret Nonthaburi, Thailand.

Position : Teacher 2, Level 6


Documents

&/Dot uNNr$)' …mulinet11.li.mahidol.ac.th/e-thesis/scan/4037761.pdf · They are a part of the ... disabled persons in curriculum of computer, ... It's importent to support disabled