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Domesticating Domestication Roger Silverstone

Domesticating Domestication Roger Silverstone. Wild Animals then Wild Technologies now

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Page 1: Domesticating Domestication Roger Silverstone. Wild Animals then Wild Technologies now

Domesticating Domestication

Roger Silverstone

Page 2: Domesticating Domestication Roger Silverstone. Wild Animals then Wild Technologies now
Page 3: Domesticating Domestication Roger Silverstone. Wild Animals then Wild Technologies now

Wild Animals then

Wild Technologies now

Page 4: Domesticating Domestication Roger Silverstone. Wild Animals then Wild Technologies now
Page 5: Domesticating Domestication Roger Silverstone. Wild Animals then Wild Technologies now
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What is the difference?

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• In both cases, unconstrained, they pose threats and challenges.

• In both cases, they become sources of power and sustenance.

• Domestication is practise…• Domestication involves Agency*• Requires effort and culture and it leaves

nothing as it is.

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*agency

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Examples

• Dead PlayStations on the roof of the wardrobe.

• Advanced functionality of the mobile phone lying dormant.

• Video-recorder becalmed in a sea of blank tapes.

• Hiper-intensity of SMS or file sharing,

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Domestication was a seen as a process

Process of consumption

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• In which consumption is linked to invention and design and to the public framing of technologies as symbolic objects of value and desire.

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Consumption

Not as passive but as active

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Consumption as production

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• A form of engagement in material culture that was increasingly seen to be the case particularly in the media.

• Where any and every kind of textual engagement, drew on personal, social and cultural resources.

• In such a way as to leave the original as significantly affected in use.

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• No stone unturned• No text untouched• No technology untransformed

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Specification of dimensions of appropriation

Fundamental

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• Commodification.• Objectification.• Incorporation.• Conversion.

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They address time and space

• The intimate spaces of the household• And the interface between those spaces

and public worlds of discourse and definition.

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Domestication

• Depends on the juxtaposition of inside and outside and on its continuous negotiation.

• Bridges, a priori, the macro social and the micro social.– The wild and environmentally abundant out

there– And the mobilization of material resources,

skills, cultural values and social competences and capabilities in here.

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Mobility

• Households in an age of mobility and fracture are no longer what they were…defensive walls.

• Individuals break free from sedentariness, and nuclearity of the family life and bedroom culture, shattering the bounds of established domesticity.

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Commodification

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• Refers to the component of the process of domestication which in design, marketing, market research, the knowledge of the pre-existing consumer behavior and the formation of public policy, prepares the ground for the initial appropriation of a new technology.

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Machines and services don’t come naked to the household

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• They are packaged by the seller…• But also by the purchaser and user

– With dreams and fantasies– Hopes and anxieties– The imaginaries of modern consumer society

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• This aspect of domestication operates:– For the individual “my mobile”– For the household (our broadband)– The organization (our network)

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Conversion

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• Involves reconnection.• It involves display, the development of

skills, competences, literacy's.• It involves discourse and discussion• The sharing of the pride of ownership, as

well as frustation.

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• Designers and manufacturers, together with policy makers, construct their objects and functionalities with ideal users and optimum conditions of use in mind.

• They have in their laboratories adjusted the risks and worked out the benefits.

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• Users want the perfect fit: enhancement of the quality of their everyday lives without the destabilization.

• An extension of personality and power without a disruption of identity.

• Freeing from the constraints of community without complete dislocation from the moral order of society.

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Objectification and Incorporation

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• They are strategies.• Or tactics of domestication.• Involve placing and timing.• ICt’s offers a restructuring of the position

of the members of the household.• Internally in the interrelationships they

have with each other.• Micro-politcs of gender

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• Generational and sibling rivalries• Threads of connection and disconnection• Proximity and distance.• Extend into public spaces or into the

networks of diaspora or the displaced.

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Moral economy of the household

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Efforts made by parents and (of course) by children

to

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• Manage,• Monitor• And contain• The influx of technology mediated content

into their home in order to– Establish patterns– Codes and expectations of behavior

• Coherent with their own and those they wished to preserve

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• These moral positions are also grounded in a sense of self and in the ideals of appropriate values and behaviors that are equivalent (and by definition) sustaining of identity and culture.

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What makes an economy moral?

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What makes morality economic?

• In what sense is domestication a moral force?

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Moral economy

• Asks the question in what ways, if at all, households or families create for themselves private and personal cultures, which have consequences for the way in which the anonymous, homogenizing technologies and services of public and commercial life are used and valued.

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• Ownership• Belonging• Performance• Ritual• Common Senses• Etiquettes• Narratives• Memories• Dreams

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O que é a TV hoje e o que pode ser num futuro próximo?

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Roger Silverstone

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ecrã

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O ecrã é, e será, de forma crescente, o lugar, o foco da vida social e

cultural da casa.(Roger Silverstone)

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Quando?Ano?

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1985

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1995

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2005

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?

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Através do ecrã, as famílias ou os membros destas estarão em contacto com um mundo cada

vez mais manipulável de imagens,

ideias, palavras e desenhos

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O ecrã converte-se.num umbral, na porta para um

mundo público de oportunidades e ocasiões simbólicas e materiais

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O ecrã é o ponto em que as culturas pública e privada se

encontram, o ponto de intercâmbio,

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uma espécie de “lugar” onde se fundem informação e o

entretenimento, as identidades individuais

e sociais, a fantasia e a realidade

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A sociologia do ecrã requer o compromisso de pensar o ecrã

não só como um objecto material, um produto da

tecnologia ou um marco, mas também como um objecto social

e simbólico

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O seu foco é não só a série de práticas de comunicação, mas também o ecrã como parte da cultura da casa, uma cultura

privada e doméstica que, por sua vez, se insere numa cultura mais

ampla de lugar e nação.

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A sociologia do ecrã tem como ponto de partida, desde logo, a

sua condiçãode objecto físico e de elemento

chave de toda a rede de tecnologia doméstica;

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Mas tem como ponto final, com a mesma certeza, as relações

sociais que se estabelecem tanto em redor do ecrã

como da sua rede.

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Relações que, em sentido estrito, concedem de facto ao ecrã e a

rede todo o seusignificado.

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O ecrã pode excluirtanto como incluir, isolar tanto como integrar. Tal como um

umbral, o ecrã pode ser definido como

una fronteira significativa e potencialmente ritualizada

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Ou como quase uma fronteira invisível, quando as suas

mediações e comunicações se convertem

em algo que se da por adquirido (o estão disponíveis sempre que

se queira).

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Tal como qualquer outro bem, o ecrã é adquirido em diferentes

formas e tamanhos, dependendo,entre outras coisas, da posição

socioeconómica de família ou do agregado.

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Portanto, o ecrã converte-se no foco desta sociologia por três

razões.

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A primeira pelo seu papel central na cultura do lar.

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A segunda, pelo seu papel central no sistema de tecnologias

domésticas, particularmente dentro de das tecnologias da informação e da comunicação

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A terceira,pela sua dupla articulação.

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O ecrã (a televisão, o computador) tem tanto sentido

como objecto(comprado e colocado no lar como objecto de consumo),

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como transmissor de significados/intenções/

propósitos que são também consumidos.

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Em ambas as articulações o ecrã converte-se no fulcro da

integração (ou desintegração desde) do lar para o mundo

público.

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Silverstone propõe-nos

4 dimensões de análise

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A sociologia do ecrã requer estar bem centrada na fenomenologia

da vidaquotidiana e do seu quadro

doméstico.

O espaço doméstico

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Mas também requer algo mais. Requer uma preocupação pelatecnologia e pelos processo de

mediação, consumo e produção/regulação, que juntos

definem osparametros da importância do

ecrã para a gestão da vida quotidiana.

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O que é TV » hoje?

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Um Remix de tecnologia, conteúdos e experiências

uma sugestão

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Um remix tecnológico porque presente em múltiplos ecrãs

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um remix de conteúdos porque em “cada” ecrã são diversos e

diferentes os consumos

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um remix de experiências, porque a nossa relação tanto

será “pull” quanto “push”

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o broadcasting de TV continuará em alguns, mas não em todos os

ecrãs

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audiências “push”, utilizando uma abordagem mais tradicional

à imagem em movimento, i.e. zapping de conteúdos

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Utilizadores “pull” que pré-escolhem através de pesquisas

complexas e exaustivas conteúdos para ver agora ou no

futuro próximo

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Isto é: a diferença entre o carregar o butão “on” e fazer

zapping – o fenómeno que produz audiências!

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e o aceder e pesquisar – i.e. o fenómeno que produz

utilizadores!

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Se olharmos para a TV e a sua complexidade narrativa – i.e. a

ficção

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existem tecnologias/espaços sociais mais “simpáticos” para o

vídeo/sketch e aqueles mais “simpáticos” para a TV

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“music video”/sketch = 3 a 5 min.

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versus 30 a 50 min. = episódio

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“TV” não é mais possível de definir enquanto :

uma tecnologiaum modelo narrativo

um acto de consumo/fruição

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TV = imagem em movimento

para momentos de baixa interactividade

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alta “qualidade” de produção (não obrigatóriamente alto custo)

…+ narrativas complexas + remix de textos*interpretações; design*som*todos com

o intuito de se adaptar à fruição de baixa interactividade

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poderá isto explicar o que é TV?

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Nós não tinhamos a necessidade de explicar o que era a TV ela

era apenas “TV”

mas hoje parecemos ter

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Será este o tempo para uma Sociologia do ecrã?

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