Domain 4 Lesson 1

142 | Domain 4 Lesson 1: Software Installation Best Practices IT Fundamentals (FC0-U61) Project Workbook, First Edition

Domain 4 Lesson 1

143 | Domain 4 Lesson 1: Fill-in-the-Blanks IT Fundamentals (FC0-U61) Project Workbook, First Edition

Fill-in-the-Blanks Instructions: While watching Domain 4 Lesson 1, fill in the missing words according to the information presented by the

instructor. [References are found in the brackets.]

1. Interpreted languages that can run with or without being compiled by an engine are known as

languages. [Interpreted Languages]

2. The popular programming language is unique in that it does not require a compiler but can run

through one when needed. [Interpreted Languages]

3. Compiled languages are converted into an executable of 0s and 1s that can be read by a machine.

[Compiled Programming Languages]

4. Before they can be run on a device, some programs require users to install a app to manually

convert code. [Compiled Programming Languages]

5. The most popular query language, , is used in database environments.

[Query Languages]

6. In a simple query, the keyword is used to obtain information from a database or table. [Query

Languages]

7. While compiled languages build , assembly languages build hardware. [Assembly Language]

8. Machine code is written in plain text and then converted via an . [Assembly Language]

144 | Domain 4 Lesson 1: Interpreted Languages IT Fundamentals (FC0-U61) Project Workbook, First Edition

Interpreted Languages Programming languages are used to create programs, scripts, and other

detailed instructions that computers can understand. They can be classified into

various categories, including interpreted languages, compiled languages, query

languages, and assembly languages.

 Most programming languages require an engine, which compiles code so that

programs can run. However, code written in an interpreted language does not

need to be compiled by a target machine to be executed. Instead, it is read and

executed by an interpreter.

There are three types of Interpreted languages: scripting languages, scripted

languages, and markup languages.

Purpose

Upon completing this project, you will be able to identify interpreted languages.

Steps for Completion

1. List an example of each type of interpreted language.

a. Scripting language

b. Scripted language

c. Markup language

2. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false.

a. Scripting languages require both a compiler and an interpreter to run.

b. XML can be imported into a database and is used to organize text as if it were data.

c. For more complex programs, users can compile and run code written in markup languages.

d. Markup languages place tags around existing text to add meaning to the text.

Project Details

Project file N/A

Estimated completion time 5-10 minutes

Video reference Domain 4

Topic: Software Development

Concepts

Subtopic: Interpreted Languages

Objectives covered 4 Software Development Concepts

4.1 Compare and contrast

programming language categories

4.1.1 Interpreted

4.1.1.1 Scripting languages

4.1.1.2 Scripted languages

4.1.1.3 Markup languages

Notes for the teacher For the exam, ensure students know the

types of interpreted languages.

145 | Domain 4 Lesson 1: Compiled Programming Languages IT Fundamentals (FC0-U61) Project Workbook, First Edition

Compiled Programming

Languages Unlike interpreted languages, compiled programming languages require code

to be converted before the computer can run it. The code is directly

transformed into instructions that can be read and executed by machines.

Most development tools come with built-in compilers that compile the code for

users or include instructions on compiling code.

Purpose

Upon completing this project, you will be able to define a compiled language.


1. List two examples of compiled programming languages.

a.

b.


a. The Oracle website includes information on apps that can help users compile Java code.

b. While computers can run some compiled languages without being converted, doing so

sacrifices the code’s functionality.

Project Details

Project file N/A




Concepts

Subtopic: Compiled Programming

Languages




4.1.2 Compiled programming

languages

Notes for the teacher For the exam, ensure students know

how to define a compiled language.

146 | Domain 4 Lesson 1: Query Languages IT Fundamentals (FC0-U61) Project Workbook, First Edition

Query Languages A query language is a type of programming language that asks questions of a

database. It is particularly useful for obtaining information for analysis,

reporting, and decision making from large information systems.

Purpose

Upon completing this project, you will know how to recognize and read query

language.


1. Open the 413-SQLQuery2.sql file from your Domain 4 Student folder.

2. What information, represented by the keyword, is sought in the file?

a.

3. What does the asterisk represent?

a.

4. What does TerritoryID = 1 indicate?

a.

Project Details

Project file 413-SQLQuery2.sql




Concepts

Subtopic: Query Languages




4.1.3 Query languages

Notes for the teacher For the exam, ensure students know

how to recognize examples of query

language.

147 | Domain 4 Lesson 1: Assembly Language IT Fundamentals (FC0-U61) Project Workbook, First Edition

Assembly Language Assembly language is a type of low-level programming language used to

manipulate hardware.

Before the advent of object-oriented programming, assembly language was

designed to build apps and process data. Currently, however, it is not often used

in modern applications.

Purpose

Upon completing this project, you will know the purpose of assembly language.



a. A compiler converts assembly language.

b. Users can utilize assembly language to provide

processors with hardware instructions.

c. Code in assembly language is written in plain text.

Project Details

Project file N/A




Concepts

Subtopic: Assembly Language




4.1.4 Assembly language


difference between assembly language

and other programming languages.

148 | Domain 4 Lesson 2: Assembly Language IT Fundamentals (FC0-U61) Project Workbook, First Edition

Domain 4 Lesson 2




1. Pseudocode is written in a text editor, while and

are built in a diagramming program. [Organizational Techniques]

2. In pseudocode, slashes indicate that lines are , which explain code but will not run as part of the

code. [Organizational Techniques]

3. A loop runs a defined number of times each time it runs, while a

loop runs a number of times based on whether a condition is true or false. [Logic Components]

4. Branching logic almost always involves an statement of some kind. [Logic Components]

150 | Domain 4 Lesson 2: Organizational Techniques IT Fundamentals (FC0-U61) Project Workbook, First Edition

Organizational Techniques Organizational techniques help users to conceptualize a program build without

writing the actual code for the program.

One technique involves pseudocode, an English language version of how the

final code might look. Another technique involves flow charts, which provide

users a more visual approach to program organization.

Purpose

Upon completing this project, you will know organizational techniques for

planning programs.


1. Explain the benefit of using pseudocode to draft a program.

a.

.

2. Explain the benefit of using flow charts.

a.

.

3. In flow charts, help direct where one

should go in code based on a condition.

4. A is the order of steps to be done within a program.

Project Details

Project file N/A



Topic: Organizational Techniques

and Interpreting Logic

Subtopic: Organizational

Techniques


4.2 Given a scenario, use

programming organizational

techniques and interpret logic

4.2.1 Organizational techniques

4.2.1.1 Pseudocode concepts

4.2.1.2 Flow chart concepts

4.2.1.3 Sequence


benefits of using pseudocode or flow

charts for drafting programs. If time

permits, students can experiment with

writing pseudocode in a text editor.

151 | Domain 4 Lesson 2: Logic Components IT Fundamentals (FC0-U61) Project Workbook, First Edition

Logic Components An important part of programming is providing a computer or program the

ability to make decisions based on certain conditions. Many complex decisions

are built using two types of logic components: branching and looping.

Branching logic involves using if/then/else statements to determine what

happens in a program.

Looping logic refers to program logic that can be run a defined number of times

or run a number of times based on a condition.

Purpose

Upon completing this project, you will understand the importance of logic

components.


1. Explain why the order of conditions matters in branching logic.

a.

.

2. List the two types of conditional loops.

a.

b.

3. Explain the difference between the two types of conditional loops.

a.

.

Project Details

Project file N/A



Topic: Organizational Techniques

and Interpreting Logic

Subtopic: Logic Components


4.2 Given a scenario, use

programming organizational

techniques and interpret logic

4.2.2 Logic components

4.2.2.1 Branching

4.2.2.2 Looping


different logic components, including

the types of loops.

152 | Domain 4 Lesson 3: Logic Components IT Fundamentals (FC0-U61) Project Workbook, First Edition

Domain 4 Lesson 3




1. Users can adjust a as needed depending upon what occurs within the program in which it is

being used. [Identifiers]

2. If a program is running, trying to change a in the code will result in an error message.

[Identifiers]

3. A or list is an array that starts with a set of defined values, and values can be added or removed as

needed. [Containers]

4. In many programming languages, arrays are . The first value in the array is value 0, the second

is value 1, and so forth. [Containers]

5. A function performs actions in a program without requiring users to enter the code for those

actions each time they are needed. [Functions]

6. An is any input given to a function. For example, it can pass through a function and return a

calculation. [Functions]

7. If properties are nouns, then are adjectives, and are verbs. [Objects]

8. An object’s serves as its blueprint and will define its properties, attributes, and methods. [Objects]

154 | Domain 4 Lesson 3: Identifiers IT Fundamentals (FC0-U61) Project Workbook, First Edition

Identifiers In programming, identifiers are names assigned to program elements such as

variables and constants. Variables and constants are types of containers, which

store values for future use. While the value of a variable can change, the value of

a constant cannot.

Purpose

Upon completing this project, you will be able to identify variables and

constants.


1. Open the 431-identifiers and containers.java file from your Domain 4

Student folder.

2. What is the name and value of the variable?

a.

3. What is the name and value of the constant?

a.

Project Details

Project file 431-identifiers and containers.java



Topic: Programming Concepts

Subtopic: Identifiers


4.3 Explain the purpose and use of

programming concepts

4.3.1 Identifiers

4.3.1.1 Variables

4.3.1.2 Constants


difference between a variable and a

constant. If time permits, students can

experiment with changing the value of

the variable in the project file.

155 | Domain 4 Lesson 3: Containers IT Fundamentals (FC0-U61) Project Workbook, First Edition

Containers A container is a special type of variable, allowing multiple values to be stored in

a single variable. One way to visualize a container is by imagining a box that

contains multiple storage compartments.

Containers can hold arrays, which are variables with multiple values, or vectors,

which are groups of variables of the same type.

Purpose

Upon completing this project, you will know the purpose of containers.


1. Open the 431-identifiers and containers.java file from your Domain 4

Student folder.

2. List the four values in the hatBrands array.

a.

b.

c.

d.

3. In some programming languages, all arrays are , meaning that they cannot be altered

once defined.

4. A list is a array, meaning that it can be altered within the program code.

Project Details

Project file 431-identifiers and containers.java




Subtopic: Containers




4.3.2 Containers

4.3.2.1 Arrays

4.3.2.2 Vectors


difference between a vector and an

array.

156 | Domain 4 Lesson 3: Functions IT Fundamentals (FC0-U61) Project Workbook, First Edition

Functions A function is a block of code that performs a set of instructions for a program. It

is used to accomplish tasks, such as calculations.

Purpose

Upon completing this project, you will know the purpose of functions.



a. Arguments are the values input in a function.

b. Users can run functions multiple times.

c. Function and method are interchangeable terms.

Project Details

Project file N/A




Subtopic: Functions




4.3.3 Functions

Notes for the teacher For the exam, students should know the

purpose of a function.

157 | Domain 4 Lesson 3: Objects IT Fundamentals (FC0-U61) Project Workbook, First Edition

Objects Objects are the hallmark of many programming languages. C#, Java, JavaScript,

and Python are all object-oriented programming languages. In these languages,

objects are defined using three traits: properties, attributes, and methods.

Properties are the characteristics of an object and define the object itself.

Attributes are values for properties. Methods are actions that change the state

of an object.

Purpose

Upon completing this project, you will be able to define objects.


1. Open the 434-objects.java file from your Domain 4 Student folder.

2. List the four properties of the Shirt object.

a.

b.

c.

d.

3. List the two attributes of the Shirt object.

a.

b.

4. What is the method of the Shirt object?

a.

Project Details

Project file 434-objects.java




Subtopic: Objects




4.3.4 Objects

4.3.4.1 Properties

4.3.4.2 Attributes

4.3.4.3 Methods

Notes for the teacher For the exam, ensure students

understand the different traits that

define an object.

Documents

Domain 4 Lesson 1